LIBRARY    OF    THE    THEOLOGICAL    SEMINARY 

PRINCETON,    N.    J. 
PRESENTED    BY 

f   Y-OT.    L.  L.  rVriTTsi-i 


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Division..ij.)S.J  8 'U  4" 


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V.2. 


•'■"■l.^'v 


ANNALS 


OF 


KING'S     CHAPEL. 


Vol.  II. 


ANNALS 


^  JUl  14  1927 
% 


OF 


KING'S    CHAPEL 


FROM  THE  PURITAN  AGE  OF  NEW  ENGLAND 
TO  THE  PRESENT  DAY 


BY 


HENRY   WILDER   FOOTE 


in  two  volumes 
Vol.  IL 


BOSTON 

LITTLE,   BROWN,   AND    COMPANY 

1896 


Copyright,  1881, 
By  Henry   Wilder   Foote. 

Copyright,  1896, 
By  Arthur  Theodore  Lyman. 


University  Press: 
John  Wilson  and  Son,  Cambridge,  U.  S.  A. 


EDITOR'S    PREFACE. 


T' 


'HE  first  volume  of  Mr.  Foote's 
Annals  of  King's  Chapel  ap- 
^_^_^i^j^  peared  on  Forefathers'  Day,  1881.  It 
==^=^  fully  justified  the  high  expectations  of 
those  who  knew  with  what  care  and 
thoroughness  the  Author  had  prepared 
himself  for  his  exacting  and  delicate 
task,  and  at  once  took  its  place  in  the 
front  rank  of  that  department  of  our 
historical  literature  to  which  it  belongs.  The  death  of  the 
Author  on  the  twenty-ninth  of  May,  1889,  brought  not  only 
sorrow  to  the  hearts  of  his  kindred  and  friends,  but  a  pang 
of  regret  to  historical  students  and  scholars  both  within  and 
without  his  own  denominational  brotherhood.  Mr.  Foote  had 
dealt  with  the  stormy  period  comprised  in  his  first  volume  in 
a  spirit  so  just  and  generous  and  catholic  that  the  possibility 
of  an  unfinished  treatment  of  the  subject  was  regarded  with 
profound  regret;  and  inquiries  as  to  the  progress  he  had  made 
upon  his  concluding  volume  and  as  to  the  possibility  of  its 
being  completed  by  another  hand  were  constantly  heard.  In 
the  autumn  of  1889  the  writer  reluctantly  consented  to  under- 
take this  task  as  a  labor  of  love.  The  work,  while  most  engag- 
ing and  attractive,  has  proved  to  be  arduous  and  extremely 
delicate.  It  has  been  carried  on  amid  other  exacting  duties 
which  could  not  be  slighted ;  consequently,  the  time  required 
to  complete  it  has  seemed  unnecessarily  long  to  many  who 
were  unaware  of  these  circumstances. 

At    the    time    of   Mr.    Foote's    death    the   first  hundred   and 
ninety-one  pages  of  this  volume  had  been  finished,  as  well  as 


VI  EDITOR'S    PREFACE. 

the  chapter  on  The  Price  Fund  and  the  Lists  of  Officers  and 
Pew  Proprietors  which  will  be  found  in  the  Appendix.  The 
mass  of  material  placed  in  the  Editor's  hands  for  the  remain- 
ing chapters  was  very  large,  and  the  mere  classification  and 
arrangement  of  it  involved  a  great  expenditure  of  time. 
Among  this  material  —  chiefly  composed  of  extracts  from  manu- 
script or  printed  documents,  early  newspapers,  and  standard 
publications  —  was  more  or  less  of  Mr.  Foote's  own  manuscript 
dealing  with  topics  falling  within  the  scope  of  the  unwritten 
chapters.  It  has  been  the  Editor's  constant  aim  to  incorporate 
in  the  following  pages  as  much  of  this  manuscript  as  possible, 
adapting  some  portions  that  were  written  in  the  form  of  dis- 
course. He  has  also  striven  to  follow  as  closely  as  possible 
the  general  style  and  plan  which  Mr.  Foote  had  adopted  for  the 
work,  and  to  interpret  faithfully  the  notes  and  suggestions  of  the 
Author  as  to  that  part  of  the  volume  which  he  did  not  live  to 
complete.  This  has  occasioned  some  protracted  research,  which 
in  itself  has  considerably  delayed  the  progress  of  the  work. 
Since  he  was  in  frequent  communication  with  Mr.  Foote  while 
the  first  volume  was  passing  through  the  press,  and  had  occa- 
sionally the  privilege  of  reading  the  proof-sheets,  the  Editor 
acquired  a  degree  of  familiarity  with  the  Author's  general  plan 
in  preparing  these  Annals  which  has  proved  of  great  advan- 
tage to  him  in  continuing  the  work.  A  pencilled  list,  in  Mr. 
Foote's  hand,  of  proposed  headings  for  the  chapters  of  this 
volume  has  been  followed  as  closely  as  was  practicable.  Only 
one  chapter  —  that  on  "The  Unitarian  Movement" — has  been 
excluded  from  this  scheme.  Mr.  Foote  had  collected  abundant 
material  for  such  a  chapter,  all  which,  however,  the  Editor  has 
deemed  it  proper  to  omit,  since  the  subject  has  recently  been 
so  thoroughly  and  admirably  treated  by  the  Rev.  JOSEPH 
Henry  Allen,  D.D.,  that,  had  his  work^  appeared  in  Mr. 
Foote's  lifetime,  it  would  undoubtedly  have  forestalled  any 
attempt  to  discuss  it  further  in  these  pages. 

The  Editor  has  not  been  unmindful  of  Mr.  Foote's  remark  in 
the  Preface  to  Volume  I.,  that  the  history  of  King's  Chapel  since 

1  All   Historical    Sketch  of  the    Unitarian    Movement   since    the  Reformation, 
New  York,  1894,  pp.  254. 


EDITOR'S    PREFACE.  vil 

the  Revolution  "  deserves  as  careful  record  "  as  had  been  made 
of  the  earlier  period.  The  selection  of  subjects  for  biography 
in  these  later  chapters  has  been  a  work  of  no  little  difficulty,  be- 
cause of  the  danger  of  omitting  some  names  equally  entitled  to 
honorable  mention  with  those  thus  treated.  It  has  been  the 
Editor's  endeavor,  however,  to  select  such  subjects  from  the 
best  representatives  of  the  congregation,  in  all  the  different 
professions  and  walks  of  life,  during  the  ministries  of  Dr.  Free- 
man, Dr.  Greenwood,  and  Dr.  Ephraim  Peabody,  in  order  that 
posterity  may  know —  "  by  their  fruits"  — what  types  of  Chris- 
tian character  were  reared  and  nurtured  in  King's  Chapel  under 
the  spiritual  guidance  of  these  saintly  men  during  the  first 
seventy  years  of  its  life  as  an  independent  Unitarian  church. 
These  later  chapters  also  reveal  the  model  relation  between 
pastor  and  people  which  has  existed  uninterruptedly  for  more 
than  a  century.  They  show,  too,  the  great  gains  made  in  the 
last  hundred  years  in  liberty  of  thought  and  action. 

It  was  Mr.  Foote's  purpose  that  the  chapter  on  Dr.  Peabody's 
Ministry  should  be  followed  by  one  on  the  "  Concluding  Period, 
—  the  War."  The  Author's  death,  however,  made  it  fitting 
that  his  own  Ministry  should  be  dealt  with  as  fully  as  that  of 
either  of  his  predecessors.  Accordingly,  the  concluding  chapter 
has  been  amplified.  A  Memoir  of  Mr.  Foote  by  his  friend  and 
classmate,  the  Hon.  WiNSLOW  Warren,  has  also  been  added. 
The  Author  had  proposed  (I.  547)  to  print  in  this  volume  a  List 
of  Parishioners  who  were  not  Proprietors  of  Pews,  and  had  made 
some  progress  in  its  preparation;  but  he  left  it  at  a  stage  so 
far  from  the  point  of  perfection  at  which  he  aimed,  and  the 
labor  of  completing  it  would  be  so  great,  that  the  Editor  has 
shrunk  from  attempting  to  carry  out  the  original  design.  In 
his  contribution  to  this  work  the  Editor  has  endeavored  to  con- 
ceal his  personality,  except  where,  in  expressing  an  opinion  or 
in  alluding  to  Mr.  Foote,  it  seemed  proper  to  append  the  word 
"  Editor  "  in  order  to  relieve  the  Author  from  responsibility. 

The  Editor  gratefully  acknowledges  his  obligation  to  the 
many  friends  who  have  contributed  largely  to  whatever  of 
success  has  crowned  his  efforts.  Chief  among  these  are  the 
late  honored   and   beloved   Dr.  ANDREW   Pre.ston    Peabody, 


viii  EDITOR'S   PREFACE. 

—  who  during  the  closing  years  of  his  life  found  in  King's 
Chapel  his  religious  home,  —  Dr.  JOSEPH  HENRY  Allen,  and 
Mr.  Abner  Cheney  Goodell,  Jr.,  the  learned  and  accom- 
plished editor  of  the  Province  Laws.  Dr.  Peabody's  intimate 
personal  acquaintance  with  Dr.  Freeman  and  all  his  succes- 
sors, save  Mr.  Cary,  and  with  all  the  recognized  leaders  in 
the  Unitarian  Movement,  gave  to  his  recollections  and  opinions 
a  value  unsurpassed  by  anything  to  be  found  elsewhere;  while 
the  ripe  scholarship,  sound  judgment,  literary  taste,  and  edi- 
torial experience  of  Dr.  Allen  rendered  his  wise  counsel  indis- 
pensable. To  Mr.  Goodell  the  Editor  is  indebted  for  a  careful 
and  critical  reading  of  the  proofs  of  that  portion  of  the  work 
relating  to  the  Provincial  period  of  our  history,  of  which  his 
knowledge  is  most  profound.  The  interest  of  Mr.  THOMAS 
Minns  in  the  prosecution  of  this  work  has  been  unremitting, 
and  second  to  that  of  no  other.  To  him  the  Editor  is  indebted 
for  a  continuation  from  1881  to  date  of  the  valuable  Lists  of 
Pew  Proprietors  and  Officers,  and  for  the  List  of  Treasurers  of 
the  Church,  which  will  be  found  in  the  Appendix,  and  for  valu- 
able assistance  in  many  other  ways.  The  Editor's  acknowledg- 
ments are  also  due  to  Mr.  ARTHUR  THEODORE  Lyman  and  Mr. 
Charles  Pelham  Curtis,  the  present  Wardens  of  the  Church  ; 
to  the  late  Mr.  Hamilton  Andrews  Hill;  to  Messrs.  John 
Ward  Dean,  Henry  Ernest  Woods,  and  Charles  Card 
Smith;  and  to  Miss  CAROLINE  Agnes  Lincoln, —for  assist- 
ance or  courtesies  of  various  kinds;  nor  must  he  forget  to 
express  his  gratitude  to  Mr.  ROBERT  Hamilton  Kerr,  the 
faithful  Sexton  of  King's  Chapel,  for  many  helpful  attentions 
during  the  progress  of  the  work.  For  permission  to  consult 
the  files  of  early  newspapers  and  other  rare  publications  in 
the  libraries  of  the  Boston  Athenaeum  and  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society,  the  Editor  would  also  acknowledge  his  in- 
debtedness to  Mr.  William  Coolidge  Lane,  and  Dr.  Samuel 
Abbott  Green,  the  Librarians,  and  to  their  courteous  and 
obliging  assistants.  The  photogravures  of  the  portraits  of  the 
Hon.  John  Gardiner  and  Judge  Minot  have  been  made  by  the 
kind  permission  of  Charles  Perkins  Gardiner  and  Wil- 
liam Minot,  Esquires. 


EDITOR'S    PREFACE.  ix 

From  a  conviction  that  he  would  be  expected  to  give  a 
detailed  account  of  the  changes  in  doctrine  and  discipline 
effected  in  this  Church  and  congregation  by  the  American  Rev- 
olution, the  Editor  has  presented  two  chapters  —  XX.  and  XXI. 
—  on  the  subject.  But,  believing  that  the  peculiar  relation 
which  this  Society  holds  both  to  the  Episcopal  and  Congrega 
tional  Churches  of  New  England  —  to  the  former  by  tradition 
and  its  liturgical  formulary,  and  to  the  latter  by  reason  of  its 
independent  constitution  —  requires  some  further  discussion,  he 
has  reserved  this  place  in  the  Preface  for  that  purpose. 

It  is  to  be  deplored  that  the  Author  had  not  been  spared  to 
express  in  these  pages,  according  to  his  intention,  his  own  views 
upon  a  topic  which  had  engaged  so  much  of  his  thought. 
Since,  however,  the  chapter  giving  the  Author's  latest  conclu- 
sions upon  this  subject  is  left  unwritten,  the  Editor  feels  that  he 
can  best  supply  the  omission  by  quoting  the  language  of  Dr. 
Freeman  and  Mr.  Foote  as  found  in  a  Discourse  by  the  latter 
delivered  on  Sunday,  April  12,  1885,  to  commemorate  the  Cen- 
tenary of  the  King's  Chapel  Liturgy:  — 

"The  connection  of  this  Church  with  those  of  the  American  Episcopal 
Communion  has  often  been  misunderstood,  as  if  it  had  apostatized  from 
that  Communion  to  its  present  independent  position.  In  fact,  however, 
this  Church  claims  never  to  have  broken  the  historical  chain  which  links 
it  to  the  Anglican  Church,  from  which  it  sprang  ;  and  that  the  changes 
in  its  Liturgy  and  methods  were  made  as  lawfully  as  the  changes  made 
by  those  other  sister  churches,  also  formerly  of  the  Anglican  Communion, 
which  associated  themselves  together,  after  the  Revolution,  as  the  Pro- 
testant Episcopal  Church  of  America.  In  the  historical  order,  King's 
Chapel  antedated  those  associated  churches  in  each  step  of  the  alterations 
made  by  them."     (p.  6.) 

"The  alterations  made  in  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  were  not 
intended  by  ourselves,  in  whatever  light  they  might  be  viewed  by  others, 
as  a  public  manifestation  of  dissent  and  secession  from  the  Church  of 
England  or  any  other  Church.  The  Church  of  England  had  expired 
amid  the  flames  of  the  Revolution  .  .   .  [pp.  7,  8].    The  Liturgy^  con- 

^  "The  Liturgy  ...  is  such  that  no  any  reasonable  umbrage.  .  .  .  Our  earn- 

Christian,  it  is  supposed,  can  take  offence  est  desire  is   to   live  in    brotherly  love 

at,    or   find  his  conscience  wounded  in  and  peace  with  all  men,  and  esjiecially 

repeating.      The   Trinitarian,    the    Uni-  with  those  who  call  themselves  the  dis- 

tarian,  the  Calvinist,  the  Arminian,  will  ciples  of  Jesus  Christ."  —  Preface  to  the 

read  nothing  in  it  which  can  give  him  First  Edition.     See  p.  359,  note  \,post. 


X  EDITOR'S    PREFACE. 

tradicts  no  doctrine  whatever  of  the  English  Church,  and  in  particular 
not  its  essential  and  fundamental  doctrine,  —  that  the  '  Holy  Scripture 
containeth  all  things  necessary  to  salvation :  so  that  whatsoever  is  not  read 
therein,  nor  may  be  proved  thereby,  is  not  to  be  required  of  any  man, 
that  it  should  be  believed  as  an  Article  of  the  Faith,  or  be  thought  requisite 
or  necessary  to  salvation.'  "  (p.  7.) 

"Our  Liturgy,  then,  is  a  double  and  most  interesting  inheritance.  It 
is  the  child,  by  regular  descent,  of  the  primitive  worship  of  the  Christian 
Church  through  the  Church  of  England ;  and  it  is  the  child  of  the 
Revolution,  and  bears  the  impress  of  that  tremendous  movement  in  our 
national  life.  It  was  formed  when  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in 
the  United  States  did  not  yet  exist,  but  only  a  number  of  scattered  and 
independent  churches  which  had  belonged  to  the  Church  of  England. 
A  little  later,  acting  on  the  same  principle,  —  that  some  revision  of  the 
old  forms  was  necessary,  —  those  other  churches  made  a  Prayer-Book, 
as  this  Society,  exercising  their  Christian  right  as  an  independent  Church, 
had  already  done.  But  the  Revolution  was  potent  even  with  the  con- 
servative Churchmen  of  the  Middle  and  Southern  States.  The  first 
General  Convention  of  the  Episcopal  Church  frankly  acted  on  the  funda- 
mental principle  which  this  Church  had  followed  in  the  reform  of  our 
Book.  The  Committee  appointed  by  that  Convention  to  make  the 
needful  changes  was  instructed  {iiot  to  alter,  but)  to  '  prepare '  different 
services ;  and  the  majority  insisted  that  it  '  ought  to  be  formed  without 
reference  to  any  existing  Book,  although  with  full  liberty  to  take  from 
any  whatever  the  Convention  should  see  fit.'  And,  in  point  of  fact,  their 
Book  did  differ  in  several  important  points  from  the  English  service, 
notwithstanding  the  known  wish  of  the  English  Bishops  to  the  contrary, 
notably  in  omitting  the  Athanasian  Creed.  In  many  points,  not  doctri- 
nal, they  departed  from  the  earlier  forms  where  these  were  retained  in 
the  King's  Chapel  Book,  and  some  of  these  have  just  now  been  restored 
in  the  proposed  revision  of  the  Episcopal  Book  of  Common  Prayer." 
(pp.  9,  10.) 

Referring  to  what  has  been  called  the  Bull  of  Excommunica- 
tion against  this  Church  and  its  Minister  (printed  on  page  393), 
Mr.  Foote  said  :  — 

"  So,  then,  this  Church  was  bidden  to  stand  apart,  not  without  hard 
language  and  harsh  thoughts  on  the  part  of  others  ;  but,  so  far  as  I 
know,  without  a  single  bitter  word  in  answer  from  the  Minister  or  the 
Congregation,  —  not  one  which  gives  cause  for  regret,  when  seen  across 
a  century's  space."     (p.  8  ) 

In  the  same  Discourse  from  which  we  have  been  quoting, 
Mr.  Foote  speaks  of  the  broad  and  liberal  Platform  of  doctrine 


EDITOR^S    PREFACE.  xi 

on   which  this  Church  has  stood  for  more  than  a  century,  and 
on  which  it  still  stands :  — 

"  As  I  read  it  in  the  Book  of  Prayer  in  your  hands,  in  the  printed 
sermons  of  the  Ministers  whose  busts  look  forth  from  its  chancel,  and 
in  those  others  which  have  been  preached  from  this  pulpit  by  Walker  and 
Dewey  and  a  roll  of  kindred  names,  that  faith  is  a  very  definite,  a  very 
broad,  a  very  vital  one.  It  is,  first  of  all,  a  supreme  insistence  on  char- 
acter rather  than  formularies.  It  says  that  the  Master's  test  is  still  the 
only  one  that  searcheth  the  marrow  of  the  matter,  — '  By  their  fruits  ye 
shall  know  them.' 

"I  do  not  find,  however,  that  this  system  of  faith  stops  short  at 
conduct,  without  furnishing  spiritual  and  religious  motives  of  the  loftiest 
and  most  moving  kind.  They  are  the  motives  of  a  simple,  an  undog- 
matic,  but  a  most  earnest  Christianity.  The  God  who  is  the  Father  of 
our  spirits,  the  Source  and  the  Inspirer  of  all  our  life,  the  Life  Immortal, 
rooted  and  grounded  in  Him,  and  assured  to  us  in  Jesus  Christ,  the 
supreme  revelation  of  Himself  to  us  in  the  Well-beloved  Son,  with  all 
that  this  contains  and  implies  of  wonder  and  of  power,  —  in  other  words, 
the  foundation  truths  of  the  Gospel,  interpreted  by  its  own  light,  and  not 
tied  up  to  any  narrower  interpretations  than  itself,  the  great  truths  which 
the  Apostles'  Creed,  as  it  is  called,  upon  yonder  wall  states  in  the 
broadly-outlined  Articles  of  a  primitive  age,  —  what  more  inspiring  views 
of  religion,  what  more  earnest  inspirations  to  duty,  is  it  possible  to  bring 
to  bear  upon  the  soul  than  these?"     (p.  20.) 

This  profession  of  liberality  in  faith  had  been  even  more 
plainly  enunciated  by  Mr.  Foote  fourteen  years  before,  —  at 
the  end  of  the  first  ten  years  of  his  ministry,  —  in  a  Sermon  on 
"  The  Ideal  and  the  Real  in  a  Christian  Church  "  :  — 

"  But  if  I  thouglit  the  ideal  attained,  or  attainable  in  this  life,  it  would 
prove  the  lowness  of  the  ideal.  I  do  believe  in  the  Christian  ministry 
as  a  service  which  is  large  enough  to  satisfy  any  man's  heart,  and  noble 
enough  to  lift  him  who  tries  to  do  it  above  petty  discontents  and 
worries,      (p.  17.) 

"  This  Church  has  a  work  to  do  in  the  present,  more,  perhaps,  than 
ever  before.  It  is  true  there  are  those  who  think  that  its  function  is 
drawing  to  a  close.  But  I  believe,  on  the  contrary,  that  its  Providential 
opportunity  is  just  opening  before  it.  In  an  age  wild  for  money  and 
material  goods,  is  there  not  special  need  of  this  majestic  presence  to 
testify  of  spiritual  things?  In  the  tendency  to  lose  individual  character 
in  the  mass,  and  decide  all  questions  by  popular  suffrage,  is  it  not 
important  to  have  the  witness  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Souls?     (p.  13-) 


xii  EDITOR'S   PREFACE. 

"The  steady  westward  movement  of  our  population,  necessarily,  in 
these  days,  brings  a  trial  on  the  constitution  of  our  dear  old  Church 
such  as  it  never  before  had  to  undergo.  We  will  not  disguise  from  our- 
selves that  the  distance  of  many  of  our  people  from  this  house  creates 
serious  problems  in  our  church  life ;  and  yet  a  real  interest  in  the 
Church  will  keep  it  alive,  and  help  it  to  grow  in  spite  of  this  difficulty. 
.  .  .  Let  me  plead  with  you  to  care  for  it,  to  work  for  it,  the  more 
because  it  will  not  run  on  of  itself. 

"King's  Chapel  has  stood  in  this  city  for  nearly  a  century,  as  embody- 
ing a  great  religious  idea,  —  the  idea  of  unsectarian  fellowship  in  the 
broadest  Christian  worship,  and  of  loyalty  to  the  simple  truth.  The  value 
of  that  idea  is  as  great  as  it  ever  was.  It  is  worth  retaining,  —  worth 
making  sacrifices  for.  By  our  religious  convictions  we  are,  most  of  us, 
in  sympathy  with  the  Liberal  Christian  Church,  though  the  congregation 
here  contains  Orthodox  Congregationalists,  Episcopalians,  and  others,  at 
the  same  time  with  all  the  shades  of  Unitarian  belief.  While  we  do  not 
conceal  our  various  convictions,  we  yet  believe  that  we  can  come  to- 
gether on  a  broader  and  higher  ground  of  union.  We  believe,  too,  in 
Congregational  independence  as  well  as  Liturgical  worship."  (pp.  23,  24.) 


"  To  inherit  a  treasure  is  to  inherit  a  trust."  The  remem- 
brance of  these  words  of  Mr.  Foote  suggests  two  subjects,  upon 
one  of  which  he  thus  speaks  in  the  chapter  on  The  Price 
Fund :  — 

"  Religious  endowments  have  their  dangers,  undoubtedly ;  but  they 
also  have  their  good.  .  .  .  They  ought  to  insure  greater  independence 
of  worldly  favor  in  the  Church  ;  and  they  give  a  noble  opportunity  to 
regard  the  Church  not  merely  as  an  institution  for  the  private  benefit  of  its 
corporators,  but  as  having  public  duties.  .  .  .  Moreover,  in  the  case  of 
a  venerable  landmark  like  King's  Chapel,  an  Endowment  is  an  anchor 
to  secure  its  permanence.  It  would  be  a  benefit  to  the  whole  commu- 
nity if,  by  bequests,  and  by  a  husbanding  of  the  Price  Fund,  enough 
provision  could  be  made  to  insure  the  Church  against  any  possibilities  of 
chance  or  change  in  the  distant  future ;  and  so  the  vote  of  the  Church 
in  1759  could  be  fulfilled." 

The  other  subject  was  thus  eloquently  dwelt  upon,  as  long 
ago  as  1840,  by  Dr.  GREENWOOD  in  his  allusion  to  the  Vassall, 
Apthorp,  and  Shirley  monuments :  — • 

"  Surely  the  time  has  not  gone  by  for  such  durable  records  of  affection 
and  respect ;  and  if  they  were  properly  introduced  in  the  former  age,  as 
every  one  who  looks  at  these  Tablets  must  feel  that  they  were,  they  may 


EDITOR'S    PREFACE.  xiii 

just  as  properly  and  as  beneficially  be  erected  now.  When  the  lineaments 
of  the  deceased  can  be  given  to  surmount  the  inscription,  as  is  the  case 
with  the  busts  on  the  Vassall  Monument  and  Shirley  Tablet,  the  interest 
of  the  memorial  is  greatly  augmented ;  for  then  it  seems  as  if  the  place 
had  real  inhabitants,  '  dwelling  alway  in  the  house  of  the  Lord,'  while 
years  and  generations  passed  away.  ...  On  some  winter's  afternoon,  as  I 
have  remained  here  after  the  congregation  have  retired,  and  sate  while 
the  early  darkness  was  falling,  and  the  low  murmur  of  the  Sunday 
scholars  alone  broke  the  silence,  and  have  gazed  on  those  still  features, 
so  calm,  so  passionless,  so  substantial,  and  enduring,  I  could  not  resist 
the  momentary  impression  that  they  were  indeed  the  realities,  and  we 
the  poor  shadows,  flitting  shadowlike  before  them." 

These  words  forcibly  remind  us  of  the  abundant  fruit  which 
this  appeal  has  already  borne,  —  the  monument  to  Dr.  OLIVER 
Wendell  Holmes  being  the  last  memorial  to  find  here  its 
fitting  place.  They  also  remind  us  that  there  are  not  a  few 
others,  covering  the  whole  period  of  the  Church's  existence, 
eminently  worthy  of  commemoration,  for  whose  memorial 
these  walls,  or  windows,  still  wait.  The  beloved  SAMUEL 
Gary  —  the  only  deceased  Minister  of  the  Church  since  1776 
whose  features  in  marble  are  not  to  be  seen  in  or  near  the  chan- 
cel—  has  neither  memorial  window  nor  mural  tablet.  There 
are  many  who  would  be  glad  to  see  within  these  walls  two 
memorial  windows,  busts,  or  other  noble  tributes  to  James 
Walker  and  Andrew  Preston  Peabody,  whose  names  do 
not  appear  on  the  roll  of  Ministers  of  this  Church  only  because 
their  age  or  engagements  elsewhere  constrained  them  to  disap- 
point the  wishes  of  this  people. 

Mr.  Foote's  earnest  wish  to  have  the  State  Pew  restored 
appears  in  the  text  and  foot-notes  on  page  471.  He  hoped 
also  to  see  the  Escutcheons  which  hung  in  the  Chapel  before 
the  Revolution  reproduced  in  a  substantial  manner  and  restored 
to  their  wonted  places.  Among  other  personages  whom  Mr. 
Foote  thought  entitled  to  appropriate  memorials  within  this 
church,  he  mentioned,  in  a  letter  written  not  long  before  his 
death,  some  military  heroes,  as  follows :  — ■ 

"There  are  three  Major-Generals  buried  under  King's  Chapel  who 
distinguished  themselves  in  the  conquest  of  Canada ;  yet  there  is  no 


XIV  EDITOR'S    PREFACE. 

mention  anywhere  on  the  church  walls  or  on  any  public  monument  in 
Boston  of  the  old  French  Seven- Years'  War,  which  conquered  Canada 
and  made  our  Revolution  possible." 

The  Report  to  the  Wardens  and  Vestry  (Nov.  i8,  1886)  of  a 
Committee  appointed  to  report  to  them  a  plan  for  the  proper 
commemoration  of  the  Two  Hundredth  Year  of  Church  Life  of 
King's  Chapel  contained,  among  others,  this  recommendation: 

"To  perpetuate  the  remembrance  of  this  historic  occasion,  it  is 
recommended  that  a  design  be  obtained,  and  a  bronze  or  marble  tablet 
or  monument  placed  in  the  church,  marking  the  special  connection 
of  King's  Chapel  with  the  early  history  of  this  Country,  and  recording 
some  of  the  names  of  those  associated  with  the  Parish  in  its  pre- 
Revolutionary  history." 

Mr.  Foote  was  not  only  desirous  thus  to  perpetuate  the 
memory  of  the  distinguished  dead,  but  he  was  extremely  solici- 
tous that  nothing  should  be  omitted  to  insure  the  preservation 
of  the  Registers  of  Baptisms,  Marriages,  and  Burials.  In  the 
Preface  to  the  first  volume  of  these  Annals,  in  referring  to  those 
official  Records,  he  says  :  — 

"Their  fortunate  recovery,  in  1805,  from  Dr.  Caner's  heirs,  after 
having  been  lost  for  thirty  years,  gives  emphasis  to  the  importance 
(which  may  here  be  urged)  of  putting  them  in  print  beyond  the  chance 
of  destruction." 

Governors,  Chief-Justices,  Judges;  Provincial,  State,  and 
Municipal  officers  of  every  grade ;  English  noblemen  and  gen- 
tlemen, officers  of  the  Royal  Army  and  Navy,  Lord  Mayors, 
and  members  of  Parliament;  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States,  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Con- 
gress, Ministers  to  foreign  courts;  distinguished  Physicians, 
great  Merchants,  brilliant  members  of  the  Bar,  Orators  of  the 
first  rank.  College  Presidents,  and  men  eminent  in  both  hemi- 
spheres in  Science  and  the  Arts,  together  with  noble  char- 
acters in  the  humbler  walks  of  life,  make  up  the  procession 
which  for  two  centuries  moves  down  the  pages  of  these  Regis- 
ters,—  a  noble  company,  contributing  its  full  share  to  the  up- 
building of  Christ's  Kingdom  among  men.  In  no  other  place 
does  the  personnel  of  the  Parish  so  fully  and  accurately  appear 
as  in  these    contemporary   entries.      Their    publication   would 


EDITOR'S    PREFACE.  xv 

supply,  to  a  large  extent,  the  missing  List  of  Parishioners  to 
which  reference  has  already  been  made.  The  permanent  pre- 
servation of  these  books,  and  the  full  and  accurate  collection  and 
preservation  of  the  lapidary  Inscriptions,  both  within  and  without 
the  Chapel,  were  subjects  that  lay  near  to  Mr.  Foote's  heart  to 
the  very  end  of  his  life.  During  the  last  interview  which  the 
Editor  had  with  him  he  said :  — 

"  I  am  determined  that  our  Registers  and  the  Inscriptions  on  our 
Monuments  and  in  the  adjacent  yard  shall  be  printed,  even  if  I  bear 
the  entire  cost  of  the  work  myself." 

Is  it  too  much  to  expect  that  an  enterprise  so  warmly  ap- 
proved by  the  faithful  Historian  of  this  Church  will  soon  be 
undertaken? 

In  concluding  his  work,  the  Editor  would  express  his  earnest 
wish  that  whatever  of  praise  the  volume  may  deserve  shall  be 
given  wholly  to  Mr.  Foote,  whose  acumen,  patience,  and  marvel- 
lous industry  brought  together  the  mass  of  material  from  which 
the  greater  part  of  the  narrative  which  follows  has  been  woven. 
How  much  better  the  book  would  have  been  had  Mr.  Foote 
lived  to  finish  it  himself,  even  amid  the  cares  and  constant  pres- 
sure of  his  official  duties,  none  knows  better  than  the  Editor, 
who  also  assumes  the  responsibility  for  whatever  errors  or 
imperfections  may  be  noticed  in  the  following  pages. 

As  he  commits  this  volume  to  the  hands  of  those  who  wor- 
ship in  King's  Chapel,  and  "  who  share  the  inheritance  of  its 
memories  and  the  trust  of  transmitting  them  unimpaired,"  the 
Editor  begs  to  express  his  grateful  appreciation  of  the  privilege 
of  having  had  a  part,  however  small,  in  telling  the  eventful 
story  of  its  two  centuries  of  life,  and  of  uniting  with  them  in  the 
aspiration  that  the  protecting  arm  of  the  Most  High  may  always 
be  around  "  the  ancient  landmark  which  [their]  fathers  have 
set." 

HENRY   H.    EDES. 

Boston, 

Easter,  1896. 


TABLE    OF   CONTENTS. 


Page 


CHAPTER    XIII. 

MINISTRY   OF    HENRY   CANER.  —  REV.    CHARLES    BROCKWELL 

1747-1755- 

Mr.  Caner's  ordination  in  England,  and  service  as  missionary  in  Fair- 
field, Conn. — Efforts  for  legal  relief  of  Episcopalian  Churches; 
Whitfield's  revival ;  controversy  with  Hobart.  —  Removal  to  Bos- 
ton, and  induction  at  King's  Chapel;  the  financial  record.  —  Rev. 
Charles  Brockwell  as  "  King's  Lecturer  " ;  his  character,  difficulties, 
and  poverty;  dissension  as  to  morning  and  afternoon  service;  his 
death  and  burial  in  1755.  —  Boston  in  1742:  population,  business, 
streets,  and  churches ;  riot  in  1 747  in  resistance  to  impressment      .         r 

CHAPTER   XIV. 

THE    NEW    CHURCH. 
1748-1754. 

Subscription  for  the  building  started  by  Governor  Shirley.  —  Condi- 
tion of  the  old  Chapel :  damage  by  time  and  tempest.  —  Town  grant 
of  land,  the  Proprietors  replacing  the  former  school-house.  —  Sub- 
scriptions sought  in  England,  Antigua,  and  elsewhere;  letters  to 
the  King,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and  others;  Peter  Faneuil's 
subscription;  corner-stone  laid  by  Shirley,  Aug.  ii,  1749.  —  Plan 
of  the  new  Chapel;  building  estimates;  it  is  occupied  for  worship 
(incomplete)  Aug.  21,  1754. —  List  of  subscriptions;  sums  raised 
to  complete  the  building 42 

CHAPTER   XV. 

CHURCH    WORTHIES.  —  THE    NEW    ORGAN.  — THE   LAST    KING'S    LECTURER. 

1754-1769. 

Governor  William  Shirley:  the  Shirley  monument;  his  abilities  and 
military  services;  reception  in  Boston  in  1756;  visit  of  Washing- 
ton ;  relations  with  Lord  Loudoun.  —  Shirley's  removal,  appoint- 
ment to  the   Bahamas,  and  death  in  Roxbury,  in  1771.  —  Charles 


'Ill  TABLE    OF    CONTENTS. 

Page 

Apthorp  and  his  eighteen  children  ;  his  career  as  a  Boston  mer- 
chant; monument  in  King's  Chapel.  —  Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner 
(1707-1786:  see  post,  pp.  353-357);  his  character,  exile,  and  the 
confiscation  of  his  estate.  —  Hon.  John  Read  (1680-1749);  the 
brothers  Johonnot;  the  Huguenot  colonists  in  Boston;  Hon.  John 
Overing,  Sir  Harry  Frankland,  Judge  Robert  Auchmuty,  Chief 
Justice  Pratt,  Sheriff  Greenleaf,  Commodore  Tyng,  Charles  Paxton, 
Judge  Eliakim  Hutchinson,  the  Wentworths,  Lloyds,  Ervings,  Vas- 
sals, the  brothers  Deblois  and  Isaac  Royall.  —  Colonial  residences: 
Shirley  Place,  the  Clark  house,  and  Frankland  manor.  —  Ornamen- 
tation of  King's  Chapel;  the  new  organ,  1756.  —  Christ  Church, 
Cambridge  ;  Rev.  East  Apthorp.  —  Rev.  Mr.  McClennaghan,  of 
Christ  Church,  Boston.  —  Rev.  John  Troutbeck  and  his  services  at 
King's  Chapel.  —  Charitable  subscriptions.  —  Story  of  the  Trout- 
beck  family 128 


CHAPTER   XVL 

THE   GATHERING    STORM. 
1757-1774- 

Royal  Governors:  Thomas  Pownall  (1757-1760);  his  reception  in  Bos- 
ton; called  by  Sam  Adams  "a  fribble";  a  friend  of  the  colonies 
in  Parliament.  —  Francis  Bernard  (1760-1769)  ;  addresses  of  legis- 
ture  and  churches.  —  Hints  of  political  change  in  1761  and  1763; 
Caner's  fervent  loyalty;  capture  of  Louisburg  in  1758;  Caner's  dis- 
course on  the  peace  of  1763.  —  Hutchinson's  narrative;  speech  of 
Otis  in  1763.  —  Public  charities  for  relief  of  losses  by  fires  in  Bos- 
ton and  in  Montreal.  —  Financial  difficulties.  —  Thomas  Hutchin- 
son (i 769-1 774);  the  "Boston  Massacre";  destruction  of  tea 
(1773)  3.nd  closing  of  the  port  of  Boston.  —  Plan  of  American 
Episcopate;  conventions  at  Newport  and  elsewhere;  Rev.  Samuel 
Fayerweather.  —  Old  Boston  families 195 


CHAPTER   XVIL 

EPISCOPACY   AND   THE   MAYHEW    CONTROVERSY. 

1 668- 1 765. 

Aggressive  temper  of  episcopacy ;  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the 
Gospel ;  episcopacy  in  Connecticut.  —  Hobart's  "  Serious  Ad- 
dress" (1748);  controversy  thence  resulting;  Secretary  Willard's 
opinion  in  1750. — The  Mayhews  ;  Jonathan  Mayhew  in  Boston 
(1747-1766).  —  Charges  against  the  Society  for  the  Propagation, 
etc. ;  the  Society  defended  by  Rev.  East  Apthorp,  of  Cambridge. 

—  Mayhew's  "  Observations,"  and  the  Mayhew  controversy  (1763- 
1765);    Samuel   Johnson;    squibs;    Archbishop    Thomas    Seeker. 

—  Mayhew's  "Second  Defence"  closes  the  controversy;  Charles 
Chauncy ;  the  convention  in  New  England 241 


TABLE    OF    CONTENTS.  xix 

CHAPTER   XVIII. 

THE   REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  —  SIEGE   OF   BOSTON. 

1 774-1 776. 

Pack 
Recall  of  Hutchinson  in  1774.  —  General  Thomas  Gage  as  military  gov- 
ernor; arrival  of  troops  in  Boston  during  the  summer  of  1774. — 
Distress  in  Boston;  condition  as  described  by  Rev.  Andrew  Eliot; 
privations  of  the  Siege;  charitable  subscriptions.  —  Sir  William 
Howe  supersedes  General  Gage.  —  Washington  in  Christ  Church, 
Cambridge. —  The  episcopal  clergy;  celebration  of  marriages; 
case  of  Rev.  Samuel  A.  Peters.  —  Dr.  Caner's  exile  in  Halifax  and 
later  history.  —  The  action  of  Trinity  Church  in  changing  its 
Ritual ;  furnishes  precedent  for  more  extensive  changes  made  by 
King's  Chapel  in  the  Liturgy.  —  The  Loyalists;  King's  Chapel  in 
March,  1776.  —  Services  at  the  burial  of  Gen.  Joseph  Warren  .  .  281 
Supplement  :  Lists  of  Proprietors  and  Occupants  of  Pews,  1 775-1 789.    321 


CHAPTER   XIX. 
the  interregnum. 

1 776-1 782. 

The  remaining  congregation  of  King's  Chapel;  its  occupation  by  the 
Society  of  the  "  Old  South  Church  "  (i 777-1 783)  ;  condition  of  that 
meeting-house.  —  Review  of  the  history  of  King's  Chapel ;  its  rec- 
ords discontinued;  proposals  to  Rev.  Thomas  Fitch  Oliver  in  1781. 

—  Boston  at  the  end  of  the  revolutionary  war  ;  list  of  church  build- 
ings.—  Later  story  of  Dr.  Caner's  life ;  correspondence  respecting 
church  plate,  etc.  —  Changed  condition  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 

—  Leading  members  of  the  congregation ;  Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner 
and  his  son  John  Gardiner;  the  Dumaresq  family:  John  Amory; 
Hon.  George  Richards  Minot  and  the  Minot  family;  Hon.  William 
Minot;    Dr.  Thomas  Bulfinch 330 


CHAPTER   XX. 

RELIGIOUS   OPINION   IN    THE   EIGHTEENTH    CENTURY 

(A  Fragvient.) 

Spread  of  Unitarian  opinion  in  England  and  America:  Clarke,  Lind- 
sey,  and  other  clergymen  of  the  Established  Church ;  Wlieeler, 
Fisher,  and  Mason  in  the  American  Episcopal  Church.  —  Bishop 
Provoost,  of  New  York;  consecration  of  Bishop  Seabury  in  Con- 
necticut, 1783;  revision  of  the  Prayer-Book  by  the  Episcopalians. 
—  Unsettled  condition  of  the  Episcopal  church  after  the  Revolution ; 
King's  Chapel  in  its  relations  with  Dr.  Freeman 371 


XX  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  XXI. 

MINISTRY   OF   JAMES   FREEMAN. 

1783-1835- 
Page 
Freeman's  early  life ;  a  prisoner  in  Quebec ;  Reader  at  King's  Chapel, 
1782;  Pastor  in  1783.  —  His  change  in  doctrinal  opinion;  the  re- 
vised Liturgy,  1785.  — Application  to  Bishop  Seabury  for  ordination, 
1786;  lay  ordination  as  Rector  in  1787,  and  protest  against  it;  vin- 
dication of  the  Society's  action ;  protest  of  Episcopal  clergy,  called 
the  "  Bull  of  Ex-communication.''  —  Freeman's  doctrinal  opinions ; 
his  character  and  church  work.  —  Rev.  Samuel  Cary  as  colleague, 
1809-1815.  — Settlement  of  Rev.  F.  W.  P.  Greenwood  in  1824.  — 
Dr.  Freeman's  retirement  and  death.  —  Use  of  King's  Chapel  on 
musical,  charitable,  and  historical  occasions ;  its  occupation  by  the 
West  Church  in  1806;  architectural  and  other  repairs 378 


CHAPTER   XXIL 

MINISTRY   OF    SAMUEL   CARY. 

1 809-1 8 1 5. 

Mr.  Cary's  early  promise  and  engagement  at  King's  Chapel ;  his  work 
as  preacher;  revision  of  the  Liturgy  in  181 1  ;  sudden  death  at  Roy- 
ston,  England,  after  a  five  months'  illness  from  a  cold  ;  funeral  at 
Essex  Street  Chapel,  London  ;  his  monument  in  the  graveyard  of 
the  Gravel  Pit  (Unitarian)  Church  in  Hackney 407 


CHAPTER  XXin. 

THE   PRICE   FUND. 

Solicitations  for  a  fund  in  1759;  the  result,  in  sundry  gifts.  —  Bequest 
of  an  estate  by  William  Price  in  1770;  conditions  of  the  bequest; 
suit  against  claim  of  forfeiture  in  1813.  —  The  Price  Lectureship; 
difficulty  with  Dr.  Gardiner  of  Trinity  Church  ;  Dr.  Eaton  of  Christ 
Church.  —  Renewed  litigation  in  1824;  the  Lecture  trust  transferred 
to  Trinity  Church  ;  comparison  with  the  Dedham  case.  —  Further 
proceedings  moved  in  i860  as  to  the  remainder  of  the  Fund; 
decision  in  favor  of  King's  Chapel,  1862 416 


CHAPTER   XXIV. 

DR.    greenwood's   MINISTRY. 
1824-1S43. 

Mr.  Greenwood's  settlement  at  21  in  the  New  South  Church,  1818; 
illness  and  resignation.  —  He  is  settled  at  King's  Chapel,  Aug.  i, 
1824;  his  character  and  influence;  death,  Aug.  2,  1S43.  —  Revision 


TABLE   OF    CONTENTS.  xxi 

Page 

of  Chapel  Liturgy  ;  Hymn-book  ;  Lord  Morpeth's  testimony.  —  The 
Sunday  School ;  published  sermons  ;  personal  traits  ;  aid  to  other 
churches.  —  The  Benevolent  Fraternity  of  Churches  ;  Easter  con- 
tributions. —  Church  arrangement  and  decoration ;  the  Governor's 
pew.  —  Distinguished  parishioners :  Hon.  John  Lowell,  Joseph 
Coolidge,  Hon.  Christopher  Gore,  Dr.  Aaron  Dexter,  Hon. 
William  Sullivan,  Col.  Joseph  May,  President  Kirkland,  Dr.  Joseph 
Tuckerman 443 


CHAPTER    XXV. 

MINISTRY    OF    EPHRAIM    PEABODY. 
1846-1856. 

Circumstances  and  exercises  of  Mr.  Peabody's  installation  at  King's 
Chapel ;  his  earlier  ministries  at  Meadville,  Cincinnati,  and  New 
Bedford;  his  absence  in  Europe,  1853;  commemoration  of  his 
death.  —  Proposed  change  of  afternoon  service;  relations  with 
other  churches  ;  impulse  given  to  good  works ;  the  ministry  at 
large  ;  Dr.  Peabody  a  principal  founder  of  the  Boston  Provident 
Association.  —  Personal  traits  ;  exciting  topics  and  political  preach- 
mg  ;  personal  judgments  ;  character  of  his  discourses.  —  Repairs  of 
the  Chapel;  burials;  memorial  sermons.  —  Distinguished  parish- 
ioners :  the  Lowell  family.  Justice  Samuel  Sumner  Wilde,  Robert 
Gould  Shaw,  William  Perkins,  Samuel  Appleton,  Charles  Pelham 
Curtis,  George  Barrell  Emerson,  Justice  Benjamin  Robbins  Curtis, 
and  others.  —  The  five  years'  interval  before  the  Civil  War  .     .     .     490 


CHAPTER   XXVL 

MR.    FOOTE'S    MINISTRY. 
1S61-1SS9. 

War  of  the  Rebellion ;  form  of  prayer  for  the  time.  —  Mr.  Foote's 
special  services  at  this  period.  —  A  parish  ministry ;  absence  in 
Europe,  1S67  ;  commemorative  discourse.  —  Sunday  afternoon  lec- 
tures ;  class  instruction  ;  lighting  for  evening  service  :  union  vaca- 
tion services. —  Grand  Army  memorial  service,  1874.  —  Deaths  of 
President  Walker  and  Charles  Sumner.  —  Centennial  of  the  King's 
Chapel  Liturgy  in  1885.  —  Second  centennial  of  King's  Chapel  in 
1886.  —  Noon  service  on  Wednesdays  ;  hymnology ;  charities  ;  Mr. 
Foote's  illness  and  death 547 


Memoir  of  Henry  Wilder  Foote.     By  Winslow  Warren  .     .     .     569 


xxil  TABLE    OF    CONTENTS. 


;iippent)tx* 


Page 

List  of  Early  Proprietors,  before  1754 585 

List  of  Proprietors  of  Present  Chapel,  i 754-1896    ....  588 

List  of  Ministers,  16S6-1896 602 

List  of  Wardens,  i 686-1 S96 603 

List  of  Vestrymen,  i 699-1 896 605 

List  of  Treasurers,  1827-1896 ,  610 

King's  Chapel  in  the  War  for  the  Union 611 

The  Communion  Plate 616 

Plan  of  Tombs  under  the  Chapel 619 

Boston  Public  Latin  School  Site 620 

Bill  for  making  Dr.  Freeman's  Vestments,  1783 620 

Dr.  Freeman's  Opinion  of  the  Ordination   Service   of   the 

Episcopal  Church 621 

The  Bell 622 

Service  in  Celebration  of  Peace  between  the  United  States 

and  Great  Britain,  1815 623 

James  Freeman  Clarke's  Verses  on  King's  Chapel   ....  625 

Oliver  Wendell  Holmes's  Poem  on  King's  Chapel    ....  626 

Mrs.  Julia  C.  R.  Dorr's  Sonnet,  "In  King's  Chapel"  .     .     .  628 

Tablet  to  Miss  Mary  Foote 628 

The  Holmes  Monument 629 

Installation  of  Rev.  Howard  Nicholson  Brown 629 

Present  Organization  of  the  Church 630 


INDEXES 631 


LIST   OF    ILLUSTRATIONS. 


For  permission  to  use  many  of  the  cuts  and  plates  enumerated  in  the  following  List, 
proper  acknowledgments  have  been  already  made  by  the  Author  and  Editor;  as  to  the  other 
Illustrations,  the  Editor  here  records  his  thanks  for  a  like  privilege  to  Mr.  William  Endi- 
COTT,  Jr.,  Mr.  John  H.  Daniels,  Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.,  Messrs.  Houghton, 
Mifflin,  &  Co.,  Messrs.  Roberts  Brothers,  and  to  the  families  of  several  of  the  per- 
sons whose  portraits  appear  in  this  volume. 

Page 

Exterior  View  of  King's  Chapel  (^Photogravure)      ....      Frontispiece 

King's  Chapel  in  1833 v 

Communion  Rail,  1754 i 

Wood-carving  on  the  front  of  the  Gallery i 

Rev.  Henry  Caner,  and  Rev.  Charles  Brockwell  {Heliotype)   ....  23 

Ornament  from  cover  of  Church  Prayer-Book 41 

Corinthian  Columns  and  Capitals  in  the  Chapel 42 

Interior  of  the  Chapel,  looking  East  {^Heliotype) 42 

Peter  Faneuil 72 

Arms  of  Faneuil 73 

Tomb  of  Governor  Winthrop 74 

Governor  Shirley:  his  Arms;  his  Mansion  House;  Louisburg  Cross; 

Royal  Arms 70 

Deed  of  Pew  No.  3  to  Henry  Lloyd,  1754  (/^^6--j-/w//t') 117 

Ornament  from  cover  of  Church  Prayer-Book 127 

The  New  Organ  (1756) 128 

Charles  Apthorp  and  Grizzell  Apthorp  {Heliotype) 144 

Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner 147 

Sir  Harry  Frankland's  House ■    .     .     .     .  164 

Royal  Arms,  formerly  over  the  entrance  to  the  Province  House  ...  194 

Governor  Pownall 105 

Wood-carving  in  the  Chancel 195 

Arms  of  Pownall 105 

Governor  Bernard 206 

Old  Town  House 240 

Rev.  Jonathan  Mayhew,  D.D 241 

West  Church 241 

First  Church  in  Boston 280 

Wood-carving  and  window  in  the  Chancel 281 


XXIV  LIST    OF    ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Page 

Governor  Gage .     .  282 

Plan  of  Pews  on  the  Floor -jio 

Note  from  the  Records  on  the  Rebellion  of  1776  {Fac-si»iile)           .     .  317 

Old  South  Meeting-House .  320 

Carving  on  the  oak  case  of  the  Organ ,  330 


Arms  of  Bulfinch 


343 


Tremont  Street,  from  Court  Street  to  Bromfield  Street,  in  iSoo  .     .     .  344 

Hon.  John  Gardiner  {Photogravure) -ic-j 

Hon.  George  Richards  Minot  {Photogravure) 364 

Rev.  James  Freeman,  D.D.,  portrait  by  Gullager  (//^//Wi'/i-)      .     .     .  378 

Rev.  James  Freeman,  D.D.,  bust  by  Clevenger 406 

Wood-carving  in  the  Chancel 416 

Royal  Arms  from  cover  of  Prayer-Book  given  by  King  George  III.      .  442 

Arms  of  Greenwood 4^^ 

Rev.  Francis  William  Pitt  Greenwood,  D.D „     .     .     .  453 

Hon.  Charles  Sumner,  LL.D 4^5 

Rev.  James  Walker,  D.D.,  LL.D 4rn 

Charles  Sprague 45^ 

Interior  of  the  Chapel,  looking  West  {Heliotype) 464 

Lowell  and  Apthorp  Monuments  {Heliotype) 466 

The  Paige  Cross     ...  470 

Pulpit,  1837-18S7 470 

Governor  Gore 476 

Hon.  William  Sullivan,  LL.D 482 

Hollis  Street  Church ,     .     .  483 

Col.  Joseph  May .     .  484 

Wood-carving  in  the  Chancel 490 

Rev.  Ephraim  Peabody,  D.D.,  portrait  by  Cheney 490 

Rev.  Ephraim  Peabody,  D.D.,  bust  by  Bali 514 

Arms  of  Lowell 526 

Samuel  Appleton 533 

Charles  Pelham  Curtis 537 

Hon.  Benjamin  Robbins  Curtis,  LL.D 543 

Soldiers  Monument  {Heliotype) 553 

Marble  Font 568 

Rev.  Henry  Wilder  Foote 569 

Rev.  Andrew  Preston  Peabody,  D.D.,  LL.D 574 

Plan  of  Pews  on  the  Floor  and  in  the  Gallery  {Heliotype)  .  ...  588 

Plan  of  Tombs  under  the  Chapel 619 

Rev.  James  Freeman  Clarke,  D.D 623 

Order  of  Service  in  celebration  of  Peace  between  the  United  States  and 

Great  Britain,  Feb.  22,  181 5 624 

Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  M.D.,  LL.D 626 

King's  Chapel  in  1833 690 


LIST   OF   AUTOGRAPHS. 


Page 

Chas.  Brockwell 3° 

Chas.  Knowles 39 

W.  Shirley 42 

Henry  Caner 44,  "7 

James  Gordon 44 

John  Box 44 

H.  Frankland      ., 44 

Cha.  Apthorp      .     .     .      44,  117,  HS 

Edwd.  Tyng 44 

John  Gibbins       .     .     •     •     .    44,  "7 
Barlow  Trecothick        ....       69 

Peter  Faneuil 72 

Pet.  Harrison 83 

Tho:  London 104 

Stephen  Apthorp 117 

Thomas  Hawding 117 

George  Cradock 117 

Ekm.  Hutchinson 117 

Silv.  Gardiner     .     .     .     .        117,  1 47 

Jno.  Read 151 

Joanna  Brooker 158 

T.  Pownall I95 

Fra.  Bernard 206 

Chas.  Paxton 208 

Flo.  Vassall 224 


Pack 

Jonathan  Mayhew 241 

Tho.  Cant 268 

Thos.  Gage 282 

James  Freeman 337 

Thos.  Bulfinch 343 

W.  White 352 

J :  Gardiner 357 

Geo.  R.  Minot 364 

Sam'l  Gary 408 

William  Price 420 

F.  W.  P.  Greenwood   ....  444 

Charles  Sumner 4S6 

James  Walker 459 

J.  Lowell 465 

C.  Gore 47^ 

Aa.  Dexter 480 

Jos.  May 484 

Ephraim  Peabody  ....  49°,  498 

J.  A.  Lowell 527 

Sam'l  Appleton 533 

C.  P.  Curtis 537 

Geo.  B.  Emerson 54i 

B.  R.  Curtis 543 

Henry  W.  Foote 5^9 

A.  P.  Peabody 574 


[xxv] 


ANNALS  OF  KING'S  CHAPEL 

FROM  THE  INDUCTION  OF  THE  LAST  ROYALIST  RECTOR 
TO   THE    PRESENT   TIME. 


SHOWING    THE   DEVELOPMENT   OF    THE   ENGLISH   CHURCH 

IN   NEW   ENGLAND,   AND   OF   THE   CHANGES 

IN  DOCTRINE  AND  DISCIPLINE  IN  THE 

ROYAL   CHAPEL   IN  BOSTON. 


"  Their  Children  also  shall  be  as  aforetime,  and  their  Congregation 
shall  be  established  before  Me  .  .  .  and  their  Governor  shall  proceed 
fro?n  the  midst  of  them. ^''  —  Jer.  xxx.  20,  21. 


jpi^lh 


ANNALS    OF 


KING'S    CHAPEL. 


-r^' 


COMMUNION   RAIL.       1754 


CHAPTER    XIII. 

REV.  HENRY  CANER  INDUCTED.  — REV.  CHARLES  BROCKWELL, 
AFTERNOON  PREACHER. 


[HE  history  of  the  King's  Chapel  in  Boston,  as  we 
have  thus  far  traced  it  through  a  period  of  sixty 
eventful  years,  from  its  founding  under  Sir  Edmund 
Andros  in  1686  to  the  resignation  of  the  Bishop's 
Commissary,  the  Rev.  Roger  Price,  in  1747,  shows 
that  the  church  is  an  essential  link  in  the  chain 
binding  New  England  to  Great  Britain.  Nor  is  the 
closeness  of  the  tie  relaxed  during  the  eventful 
ministry  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Cancr.  Its  early  years, 
lighted  by  the  welcome  of  a  prosperous  and  grow- 
ing parish  to  the  new  rector  in  his  manly  prime,  are 
brightened  by  the  triumphs  of  the  French  war; 
while  its  closing  period,  clouded  with  the  alienations 
of  bitter   political  strife,  the  gloom    of   a  besieged 

tcity  and  a  ruined  cause,  has  its  climax  in  the  flight 
of  the  aged  servant  of  Christ,  homeless,  proscribed, 
across  a  wintry  sea,  but  faithful  to  his  oath  and  his 
conscience.     The   roll   of  drums  and   the   martial   tread  which 

VOL.    II.  —  I 


2  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

seem  to  shake  the  church  at  the  beginning,  sound  more  harsh 
and  angrily  at  the  close. 

Dr.  Caner's  long  ministry  of  twenty-eight  years  at  King's 
Chapel  and  the  momentous  times  in  which  it  was  cast  cover 
what  is  in  some  respects  the  most  interesting  epoch  in  our 
Annals.  It  was  his  fortune  to  be  one  of  the  chief  sufferers 
among  those  who  remained  loyal  to  "  Church  and  King."  He 
was  on  the  losing  side,  and  this  circumstance  has  too  long  ob- 
scured his  invaluable  services  to  his  church.  But  it  is  not  the 
less  clear  that  to  his  energy,  taste,  and  practical  ability  we  are 
largely  indebted  for  the  noble  edifice  which  still  stands  as  their 
monument  and  should  perpetuate  his  memory. 

The  new  rector  of  King's  Chapel  was  a  man  in  the  full  ripe- 
ness of  his  powers,  American  bred  if  not  born,  with  the  expe- 
rience of  many  years  as  a  missionary  from  the  Society  for 
Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,  and  with  qualifications 
for  his  responsible  position,  which  the  course  of  our  history 
will  fully  unfold.  In  being  invited  to  King's  Chapel  he  re- 
ceived deserved  promotion  to  the  most  conspicuous  Episcopal 
pulpit  in  America,  after  a  laborious  ministry  of  twenty-two  years 
in  the  mission  at  Fairfield,  in  Connecticut.^ 

The  first  edifice  of  Trinity  parish  in  that  place  had  been 
opened  with  a  suitable  discourse,  on  Thanksgiving  Day,  Nov. 
10,  1725,  and  the  Rev.  Samuel  Johnson,  of  Stratford,  preached 
there  part  of  the  time  for  some  two  years,  dividing  his  labors 
chiefly  between  Stratford  and  Fairfield.  At  the  same  time  Mr. 
Henry  Caner,  a  graduate  of  Yale  College  in  1724,  where  he  had 
felt  the  commotion  of  Dr.  Cutler's  defection  to  the  Church  of 

1  For  my  account  of  this  portion  of  built  through  the  ancient  churchyard,  and 

the  life  of  Mr.  Caner  I  am  indebted  to  the  most  of  them  so  defaced  or  hidden  as  not 

Rev.  Dr.  Beardsley's  exhaustive  "  His-  to  be  legible.     The  most  conspicuous  in- 

tory  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  Connec-  scription  on  any  of  them  was  this  :  — 
ticut,"  and  for   valuable  information  to  Here  Lyes  Buried 

the   late    Rev.    Dr.   Samuel   Osgood,   of  ye  Body  of  M--  Abraham  Adams 

New  York,  whose  summer  home  was  in  who  deC^  Aug^-t  9^^  1739 

Fairfield.     Dr.  Osgood  wrote  :  —  in  ye  Sof"!  year  of  his  age 

"The  place  usually  fixed  upon  as  the  Having  been  a  Worthy  Founder 

site  of  the  first  Trinity  Church  upon  the  &  Liberal  Benefactor  to  Trinity 

southern  angle  of  Mill  Plain  was  the  site  Church, 

of  the  third  edifice  erected  by  that  parish.  This  inscription  is  very  suggestive,  pre- 

The  first  building  was  a  considerable  dis-  senting  as  it  does  a  name  which  Fielding 

tance  towards  the  North,  on   the   right  chose  for  the  hero  of  one  of  his  novels 

hand  road  to  Greenfield,  opposite  the  or-  as  the  patriarch  of  Fairfield  churchmen 

chard  of  Mr.  Jonathan  Sturges.    All  that  in  1729,  and  dating  his  birth  somewhere 

is  now  found  of  the  old  institution  there  about  the  year  1650,  the  time  when  New 

werefour  or  five  grave-stones  gathered  to-  York  was  founded  and  your  old  King's 

gether  by  the  division  wall  that  had  been  Chapel  was  unborn." 


REV.    HENRY   CANER   INDUCTED.  3 

England,  two  years  earlier,  read  service  at  Fairfield  in  Mr. 
Johnson's  absence.  He  was  "  son  of  the  Mr,  Caner  who  built 
the  first  College  and  Rector's  house "  at  New  Haven.  If  his 
parents,  as  has  been  supposed,  were  Congregationalists,  they 
must  have  changed  their  religious  connection,  and  more  prob- 
ably were  stanch  church-people.  Dr.  Trumbull  calls  England 
"  the  land  of  his  nativity,  where  he  was  probably  born  about 
1700."  ^  "  Henry  Caner"  was  enrolled  in  the  "  Registry  Book" 
of  Mr.  Pigot,  upon  the  list  of  communicants  at  Stratford  "  Sepf 
2^,  1722,"  and  "  Henry  Caner,  Jr."  by  Mr.  Johnson,  "  March  28''\ 

1725." 

For  the  three  years  after  leaving  college,  Henry  Caner  lived 
under  the  theological  teaching  of  Mr.  Johnson,  of  Stratford, 
who  had  the  general  supervision  of  Episcopal  students  of 
divinity,  and  who  had  been  his  College  tutor.  Though  too 
young  to  be  ordained,  he  assisted  Mr.  Johnson  as  catechist 
and  schoolmaster  at  Fairfield.^ 

Interesting  glimpses  of  the  young  reader  are  given  in  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Johnson's  letters  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Society  for 
Propagating  the  Gospel.^     He  wrote,  Jan.  10,  1724:  — 


1  Dexter's  Graduates  of  Yale  Col- 
lege. The  name  was  written  by  Trumbull 
"  Canner,"  and  sometimes,  by  the  early 
churchmen  of  Fairfield,  "  Conner."  If, 
as  I  conjecture,  the  Henry  Caner  men- 
tioned in  our  records  in  17 13  (see  vol.  i. 
p.  203),  was  the  father,  employed  in 
work  on  the  church  upon  his  arrival  from 
England,  the  future  rector  of  King's 
Chapel  may  have  first  entered  it  as  a  boy 
at  that  time.  The  name  was  long  pre- 
served at  New  Haven  by  "  Caner's 
Pond,"  being  written  on  that  unstable 
element,  a  sheet  of  water.  Dr.  Beards- 
ley  (i.  65)  notes  that:  "The  father  evi- 
dently went  to  Stratford  to  commune, — 
as  many  churchmen  scattered  in  the 
neighboring  towns  were  accustomed  to 
do,  —  when  the  only  Episcopal  clergy- 
man in  the  colony  was  stationed  there. 
He  died  at  the  age  of  sixty;  and  John- 
son came  to  New  Haven  Sept.  24,  1731, 
to  attend  his  funeral,  as  he  had  been 
here  six  years  before  to  attend  the 
funeral  of  Elizabeth  Caner.  It  is  an 
interesting  fact,  that,  after  his  ordina- 
tion in  the  Church  of  England,  so  little 
were  the  services  of  Johnson  called  for 
to  baptize,  marry,  or  bury  the  dead,  in 
the  immediate  scene  of  his  early  religious 
struggles,  that  for  more  than  fifteen  years 


the  only  official  acts  of  this  kind  in  New 
Haven,  with  one  exception,  —  of  which 
there  is  no  record,  —  were  performed 
for  the  Caner  family." 

James  Abraham  Hillhouse,  a  dis- 
tinguished lawyer  of  Connecticut,  born 
1730,  died  Oct.  3,  1775;  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  Augustus  Lucas  and  Mary 
Caner,  sister  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Caner. 
"Both  she  and  Madam  Caner  died  in 
the  family  of  Hon.  James  Abraham  Hill- 
house, —  one  aged  84,  the  other  89."  — 
Updike,  p.  507. 

-  This  custom  of  "  lay-reading  "  was 
reprehended  by  some  strict  churchmen. 
Dr.  McSparran,  Aug.  4,  175 1,  preached 
a  sermon  from  Heb.  v.  4,  styled  "  The 
sacred  dignity  of  the  Christian  Priest- 
hood Vindicated,"  printed  at  Newport. 
He  says  of  it,  in  a  letter  to  Rev.  Paul 
Limrick,  of  Ireland:  "The  native  nov- 
anglian  clergy  of  our  church,  against  the 
opinion  of  European  missionaries,  have 
introduced  a  custom  of  young  scholars 
going  about  and  reading  prayers,  etc., 
when  there  are  vacancies,  on  purpose 
that  they  may  step  in  them  when  they 
get  orders.  .  .  .  This  occasioned  my 
preaching  the  enclosed  discourse,"  etc. 
—  UpdWit's  jVi!rrag'an?e/i,  p.  238. 

'■^  Church  Docs.  Conn.,  i.  100,  109,  114. 


4  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

"  The  interest  of  the  Church  gains  ground  daily  at  Fairfield,  where 
they  are  vigourously  going  forward  in  building  a  Church,  and  fix  their 
expectations  on  a  young  gentleman  here  whom  I  am  preparing  for  the 
service  of  the  Church ;  but  his  age  will  not  admit  of  his  being  ordained 
this  2  or  3  Years,  but  he  promiseth  well  against  that  time." 

And  again,  Sept.  i6,  1726:  — 

"  At  Fairfield,  however,  the  number  daily  increases,  and  they  have 
erected  a  small  Church,  which  I  opened  last  fall,  and  we  call  it  Trinity 
Church.  And  Mr.  Caner  takes  a  great  deal  of  pains  to  very  good  pur- 
pose, and  will,  I  don't  doubt,  prove  a  very  worthy  man  ;  but  he  has  a  very 
slender  support  from  the  people.  He  designs,  about  two  years  hence, 
to  wait  on  the  honourable  Society  for  orders  and  a  mission  unless  they 
see  cause  to  forbid  it.  In  the  mean  time,  as  he  stands  in  very  great  need 
of  it,  so  he  and  the  people  would  be  very  thankful  if  the  honourable 
Society  would  be  pleased  to  grant  him  a  small  encouragement  for  the 
pains  he  takes  in  instructing  that  people  and  their  children  in  the  princi- 
ples of  religion,  which  he  now  performs  in  the  quality  of  a  sort  of  Cate- 
chist,  omitting  every  thing  that  is  properly  sacerdotal." 

Thus  the  youthful  student  earned  the  commendations  from 
Johnson  in  April,  1727,  with  which  he  embarked  to  receive 
holy  orders  in  England :  — 

"  This  comes  to  recommend  to  the  honourable  Society's  notice  and 
acceptance  the  young  gentleman  who  is  the  bearer  hereof,  Mr.  Henry 
Caner,  who  was  bred  up  in  one  of  our  Colleges,  and  has,  for  the  time  of 
three  years,  lived  under  my  eye,  and  made  considerable  proficiency  in 
the  study  of  Divinity  and  other  parts  of  learning  necessary  to  qualify 
him  for  the  ministry,  and  has  all  along  proved  himself  a  sober,  studious, 
and  religious  young  man  ;  and  I  don't  doubt  but  he  will  prove  a  very 
worthy  missionary,  if  the  honourable  Society  will  make  use  of  his  ser- 
vices, to  the  advancement  of  whose  pious  concerns  he  is  willing  to 
devote  himself.  He  has  already  done  a  great  deal  of  good  service 
at  Fairfield  for  the  time  he  has  been  among  them,  in  the  quality  of  a 
catechist  and  schoolmaster,  and  will  be  very  acceptable  to  them  as  a 
missionary." 

Dr.  Cutler  also  wrote  to  the  Secretary  from  Boston :  — 

"  I  have  had  considerable  share  in  Mr.  Caner's  education,  and  retained 
a  personal  acquaintance  with  him  ever  since,  and  been  much  advantaged 
otherways  to  speak  of  him  ;  and  am  sure  I  do  him  but  justice  when  I  rep- 
resent him  not  only  as  a  person  of  good  natural  endowment,  but  of  good 
improvements  in  learning,  of  unshaken  Loyalty  to  his  present  Majesty 
and  his  Illustrious  House,  of  true  zeal  and  courage  in  the  cause  of  Religion 


REV.    HENRY    CANER    INDUCTED.  5 

and  the  Church,  of  an  unblemished  Life,  who  has  done  very  considerable 
service  to  the  Church  already,  and  we  assure  ourselves  will  do  much  more 
if  his  present  applications  may  be  but  prospered ;  for  which  he  hath  the 
united  prayers  and  good  wishes  of  the  whole  Church  here."  ^ 

Mr.  Caner  was  ordained  in  England  and  appointed  missionary 
in  Fairfield  in  1727.  He  found  the  parish  poor  and  in  straits. 
Johnson  wrote  at  this  time :  — 

"  I  am  just  from  Fairfield,  where  I  have  been  to  visit  a  considerable 
number  of  my  people  in  prison  for  their  rates  to  the  dissenting  minister, 
to  comfort  and  encourage  them  under  their  sufferings ;  but  verily,  unless 
we  can  have  relief,  and  be  delivered  from  this  unreasonable  treatment, 
I  fear  I  must  give  up  the  cause,  and  our  church  must  sink  and  come  to 
nothing.  There  are  35  families  in  Fairfield  who,  all  of  them,  expect 
what  these  have  suffered ;  and  though  I  have  endeavored  to  gain  the 
compassion  and  favor  of  the  Government,  yet  I  can  avail  nothing ;  and 
both  I  and  my  people  grow  weary  of  our  lives  under  our  poverty  and 
affliction."  ^ 

Mr.  Caner's  ministry  at  Fairfield  was  signalized  by  a  success- 
ful effort  to  relieve  Connecticut  Episcopalians  from  "  the  heavy 
taxes  levied  for  the  support  Qf  Dissenting  ministers."  The 
Churchwardens  and  Vestrymen  of  Fairfield,  in  the  name  and 
behalf  of  all  the  rest  of  their  Episcopal  brethren  in  that  town, 
memorialized  the  General  Assembly,  May,  1727,  stating  that 
ten  of  them  had  lately  been  imprisoned  for  their  taxes  and  "  had 
considerable  sums  taken  from  them  by  distraint,"  petitioning  to 
be  relieved  from  future  payments,  and  to  have  those  sums  re- 
stored to  them  again.  It  was  then  enacted  by  the  Assembly,  that, 
where  there  was  an  Episcopal  parish  within  one  or  two  miles, 
the  taxes  paid  by  Episcopalians  should  go  to  its  support,  — 
otherwise  to  the  established  parish  in  which  they  were.  Mr. 
Caner  sought  to  escape  this  by  applying  for  appointment  by 
the  Honorable  Society  as  a  "  missionary  to  serve  from  Fair- 
field to  Byram  River  or  the  borders  of  the  government  west- 
ward," meaning  by  frequent  change  of  residence  to  bring  all 
his  parishioners  within  the  required  distance.  This  plan,  how- 
ever, was  discountenanced  in  England,  as  being  an  evasion  of 
the  law. 

The  parish  seems  to  have  been  prosperous  from  this  time  to 
the  Revolution,  and  started  with  above  forty  families  of  Epis- 
copalians, "  mostly  of  the  poorer  sort,"  yet  not  without  persons 

1  Church  Docs.  Mass.,  p.  222.  2  Updike,  pp.  99,  100. 


6  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

of  consequence,  most  of  whom  were  from  the  Congregation- 
aHsts,  In  1732  galleries  were  built  which  would  accommodate 
two  hundred  people,  and  within  five  or  six  years  afterward,  or 
thirteen  years  after  its  erection,  that  edifice  was  abandoned  for 
a  more  commodious  and  complete  church  near  the  centre  of 
Fairfield.  This  was  a  handsome  building  for  the  time,  fifty-five 
feet  in  length,  thirty-five  in  breadth,  with  "  a  handsome  steeple 
and  spire  of  one  hundred  feet,  and  a  good  bell  of  five  hundred 
weight."  It  had  capacious  galleries  like  its  predecessor.  This 
parish  soon  outstripped  the  older  Stratford  church,  and  took 
the  lead  in  Connecticut,  having  eighty-two  families  at  one  time 
on  its  records.  Mr.  Caner's  success  was  evident  even  to  his 
opponents,  one  of  whom  wrote,^  — 

.  .  .  "  the  Episcopal  Separation,  .  ,  ,  though  the  Progress  of  it  has 
not  been  in  any  Degree  equal  to  the  Reports  that  have  been  spread 
abroad,  yet  I  suppose  it  has  prevailed  more  in  the  County  of  Fairfield 
than  in  any  other  Part  of  New-Ejiglajtd" 

The  missionary's  health  was  impaired  by  his  severe  labors, 
and  in  1736  he  sought  relief  by  a  voyage  to  England,  where,  on 
the  recommendation  of  Archbishop  Potter,  he  had  been  created 
M.A.  by  diploma  at  Oxford,  March  8,  1735.  The  esteem  in 
which  he  was  held  is  also  evinced  by  a  letter  at  this  time  from 
the  Bishop  of  Gloucester  to  Mr.  Johnson :  — 

"  I  wish  M'  Caner,  who  has  the  character  from  you  and  every  one  of 
a  very  deserving  man,  might  acquire  a  better  state  of  health  by  his  jour- 
ney hither."  ^ 

After  his  return  to  America,  he  had  the  assistance  of  his 
brother  Richard,  a  graduate  of  Yale,  who  read  prayers  and 
sermons  at  Norwalk,  whither  he  walked  from  Fairfield  on  Satur- 
days after  his  week's  work  as  school-teacher.^  The  missionary 
also   had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  in   1738   a  new  and  more 

1  A  Second  Address  to  the  Members  Mr.  Caner  again  "  by  removing  it  into  the 

of  the  Episcopal   Separation  in  New-  Town,  Provision  was  made  for  a  decent 

England,  etc.      By  Noah  Hobart,  A.M.  Attendance  at  all   times:''     The   Hobart 

Pastor  of  a  Church  of  Christ  in  Fair-  controversy  is  treated  in  chap,  xvil, /oj-A 
field.     Psalm  cxli.  5.     Let  the  Righteous  ^  Beardsley's    Life   and   Correspond- 

smite  me,  it  shall  be  a  kindness,  etc.,  etc.,  ence  of  Samuel  Johnson,  D.U.,  pp.  93, 

p.  6.    Boston, 1751.    Mr.  Hobart  disputes  296. 

the  statement  in  the  Venerable  Society's  ^  Rev.  Richard  Caner  "  appointed  in 

Report,  1 73S,  that  "The  good  people  of  1742    missionary    to    Norwalk,    Conn.; 

/^(?;r/f(?/^  were  then  employed  in  building  transferred     to     St.     Andrew's,     Staten 

a  new  Church;  the  old  one  being  much  too  Island,  in    1745;    died    of  small-pox   in 

little  for  the  Cong7-egation,"   and  quotes  New  York,  Dec.  14,  1745." 


REV.    HENRY   CANER   INDUCTED. 


7 


spacious  church  erected  on  the  glebe  a  deed  of  which  he  had 
carried  to  England  ten  years  before;  and  he  persuaded  his 
people  to  do  generously  by  the  church.  Among  other  bequests 
to  it,  his  own  father-in-law,  Dougal  McKenzie,  whose  daughter 
Anna  he  had  married,  Aug.  25,  1728,  "entailed  for  its  benefit 
a  levy  upon  the  whole  of  his  real  estate."  ^ 

Mr.  Caner's  letters  of  this  period  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Venerable  Society  indicate  his  full  sympathy  with  his  brethren 
in  their  view  of  the  evangelist  who  was  convulsing  New  Eng- 
land, as  well  as  his  clearness  and  precision  in  other  respects. 
A  few  extracts  may  fitly  be  given:  ^'  — 

July  I,  1742.  "Reverend  Sir.  Enthusiasm  has  made  no  progress  at 
Fairfield,  and  the  effects  of  it  at  Stamford,  Norwalk,  Ridgefield,  etc., 
where  it  has  a  large  spread,  has  been  the  reconciling  many  sober,  consid- 
erate people  to  the  communion  of  our  Church.  In  order  to  prevent  as 
much  as  possible  the  spreading  of  enthusiastic  principles,  both  now  and 
hereafter,  among  us,  I  have  applied  myself  closely  to  the  duty  of  cate- 
chizing young  and  old  who  do  not  appear  to  have  sufficiently  digested 
the  grounds  of  our  most  holy  faith." 

May  10,  1744.  "The  late  enthusiasm  never  made  much  progress 
here,  and  indeed  the  temper  of  the  people  is  generally  rather  faulty  in 
the  other  extreme.  A  cold  Laodicean  disposition,  an  inconsiderate  neglect 
of  the  great  duties  of  religion,  a  visible  deadness  and  formality,  is  what, 
at  present,  gives  me  most  concern,  and  prevents  the  success  of  my 
administrations." 

Nov.  13,  1744.  "We  daily  expect  a  new  storm  from  the  daily  irreg- 
ular excursions  of  Mr.  Whitfield  ;  his  sickness  still  continues,  and  whether 
it  shall  please  God  to  continue  him  a  scourge  to  these  Churches  is  yet 
uncertain." 

Feb.  12,  1746/7.  "I  have  long  laboured  under  infirmities  of  body, 
which  made  it  very  difficult  for  me  to  perform  the  services  required  in 
such  an  extensive  cure.  The  frequent  colds  I  have  taken,  and  disorders 
consequent  thereon,  have  made  traveling  to  me  pretty  much  imprac- 
ticable." 

When  Mr.  Caner  removed  to  Boston,  it  was  not  so  much,  he 
declared,  "  out  of  any  lucrative  views  "  as  out  of  regard  to  the 
weakness  of  his  constitution,  which  had  become  unequal  to  the 
duties  of  the  large  mission  at  Fairfield.  An  adversary,  with 
more  than  a  touch  of  malice,  wrote :  — 

1  "Mr.  Caner's  benevolence  and  the     son   to  the  Secretary,  Feb.   10,  1746-47. 
people's  purchase  have  provided  a  very     (Church  Docs.  Conn.,  i.  228.) 
decent  glebe  house."  —  Rev.  Mr.  Lam-  ^  Church  Docs.  Conn.,  i.  wi^ctpost. 


8  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

''  It  is  credibly  reported,  that  when  Mr.  Caner  determined  to  leave  his 
People,  he  gave  it  as  a  Reason  of  his  Removal  that  he  had  spent 
twenty  Years  in  Preaching  to  bare  Walls."  ■^ 

But  he  left  behind  him  two  hundred  and  three  communi- 
cants in  a  mission  where  he  had  found  but  twelve,  and  had 
a  handsome  church  and  a  very  large  and  convenient  parsonage 
near  by.^ 

The  acerbity  of  ecclesiastical  controversy  in  that  day  is  illus- 
trated by  an  animated  passage-at-arms  between  this  writer  —  the 
Rev.  Noah  Hobart,  the  Congregational  minister  of  Fairfield  — 
and  Mr.  Caner.  Mr.  Hobart,  whose  proximity  to  the  scene  had 
not  made  it  more  acceptable  to  him,  wrote:  ^  — 

"  Mr.  Henry  Caner  was  settled  by  the  Society  Minister  to  a  small 
Episcopal  Congregation  in  this  Town  about  twenty  Years  ago.  He  from 
Time  to  Time  wrote  the  Society  Accounts  of  his  great  Success.  The 
Congregation  increased  to  such  a  degree  that  they  were  obliged,  he  said, 
to  build  Galleries  in  the  Church,  sufficient  to  contain  an  hundred  People. 
The  Account,  as  printed  in  the  Abstract  of  the  Society's  Proceedings,  says 
two  hundred ;  But  as  I  am  informed  that  Mr.  C<7/z^r  corrected  the  printed 
Account  with  his  Pen,  in  the  Copy  he  lent,  and  as  I  have  no  Desire  to 
aggravate  the  Matter,  I  mention  the  Number  as  he  corrected  it.     Some 

1  Hobart,  Second  Address,  etc.,  p.  19.  of  Southport  in  1828,  where  the  fourth 

'^  Of    the    communicants    sixty-eight  church  built  by  this  Trinity  Parish  was 

were  at  Fairfield,  one  hundred  and  fif-  started  under  the  influence  of  his  succes- 

teen  at  Norwalk,  and   twenty  at   Stam-  sor.  Rev.  Charles  Smith,  and  finished  in 

ford.     The  later  vicissitudes  of  Caner's  1835. 

early  parish  are  outlined  in  a  letter  from  "  There  is  now  no  vestige  to  be  seen  of 

the  late  Dr.    Osgood  to  the   author,  in  either  of  these  three  early  Trinity  Church 

1874 :  —  edifices  in  Fairfield,  e.xcept  those  grave- 

"July  9*,  17S0,  the  village  of  Fair-  stones    that    I    have     described.      The 

field  was  burnt  and  Trinity  Church  and  present  Trinity  Church  is  two  miles  away 

parsonage  were  destroyed  in  the  general  at    Southport,   and    the    present    Epis- 

conflagration.     In    1785,    August   3,  the  copal   Church    in    Fairfield    belongs   to 

Rev.  Philo  Shelton,   the  first  Episcopal  a  new  parish,  and  has  grown  up  under 

clergyman  ever  ordained  in  this  country,  my    eyes    during    twenty- five    summers' 

was  ordained  by  Bishop  Seabury  at  Mid-  residence  here.     It  is  built   out   of  the 

dletown,  and  put  in  charge  of  this  afSict-  fragments  of  the  county  jail,  and  is  called 

ed  parish.     A  new  church  at  the  South  after  St.  Paul,  who  was  no  stranger  to 

corner  of   Mill    Plam    was   not   erected  jails  and  jailers.     From  my  housetop  I 

until  some  twelve  years  after  the  burning  believe  that  I  can  see  the  sites  of  the 

of  the  old  one,  and  Mr.  Shelton  continued  three   extinct  churches,  —  the  spires   of 

in  charge  of  it  until  his  death,  Feb.  27,  the  Fourth  Trinity  Church  at  Southport 

1827,  having  been   Rector   nearly  forty  and  of  the  New  St.  Paul's,  Fairfield,  and 

years.     He  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  the  I  think  also  the  spire  of  the  church  at 

Rev.  William  Shelton,  now  the  venerable  Stratford,    the    cradle     of    Connecticut 

minister  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Buffalo,  Churchmen,  where  your  excellent     Dr. 

New  York,  and  who,  before  his  removal  Freeman  went  in  vain  for  ordination." 
in  1829,  began  the  stated  services  of  the  ^  Hobart's    Serious   Address   to   the 

Episcopal  Church  at  the  adjacent  village  Episcopal  Separation,  etc. 


REV.    HENRY    CANER    INDUCTED.  9 

Time  after,  he  mentioned  to  the  Society  the  building  of  a  new  Church  at 
Fairfield,  and  gave  this  as  the  Reason  of  it,  — '  The  old  ojie  being  much 
too  little  for  the  Congregation.^  At  the  same  Time  he  describ'd  his  Pa- 
risliioners  as  '  a  very  good-natitr'd,  industrious  People,  that  well  deserved 
the  Society s  Favour,'  and  *  the  Number  of  his  Communicants  is  Eighty- 
two.'  If  he  means  he  had  this  Number  of  Communicants  in  Fairfield, 
as  I  conclude  the  Society  and  the  World  understood  him,  —  for  he  gives 
a  distinct  Account  of  the  Church  at  Norwalk  afterwards,  in  the  same 
Letter :  —  If,  I  say,  he  is  thus  to  be  understood,  I  must  suppose  that  he 
admitted  Infants  to  the  Coinmunion,  for  he  never  had,  I  am  well  assured, 
that  Number  of  adult  Persons  for  his  stated  Hearers.  His  People  here 
are  so  far  from  allowing  that  Want  of  Room  in  the  old  Church  was  the 
Occasion  for  building  the  New,  that  some  of  them  of  good  Credit  have 
declared  that  the  old  House,  even  without  Galleries,  was  more  than  suffi- 
cient for  the  Congregation  ;  And  that  except  Christmas,  or  some  such 
extraordinary  Season,  they  were  not  at  all  crouded  on  the  Ground  Floor. 
They  say  they  built  the  new  Church  at  a  great  Expence,  to  accommodate 
Mr.  Caner  by  having  it  near  his  Habitation  ;  and  some  of  them,  that  in 
Consideration  of  their  doing  this,  and  to  enduce  them  to  it,  he  promised 
that  he  would  never  remove  from  them.  But  this  notwithstanding,  on 
his  receiving  an  Invitation  to  Boston,  he  immediately  determined  to  leave 
them,  and  without  waiting  for  Orders  from  the  Bishop  or  Society  removed 
to  Boston,  and  was  formally  inducted  there.  I  don't  pretend  to  a  certain 
Knowledge  of  all  these  Facts,  but  have  recited  them  as  People  of  that 
Church,  whom  I  take  to  be  worthy  of  Credit,  have  represented  them. 
And  whether  they  be  true  or  false,  the  People  who  believe  them  and  look 
upon  themselves  injured  by  them  ought,  in  all  Reason  and  Equity,  to 
have  had  an  Opportunity  of  producing  what  Evidence  they  had  to  sup- 
port them,  before  some  proper  and  competent  Judge.  And  that  eccle- 
siastical Constitution  which  does  not  allow  of  and  make  Provision  for 
this,  can  never  recommend  itself  to  any  reasonable  Man.  What,  my 
Brethren,  can  you  think  it  prudent  to  submit  to  a  Constitution  on  which 
your  Ministers,  when  you  have  been  at  ever  so  much  Charge  in  obtaining 
and  settling  them,  may  leave  you  when  they  please,  without  having  any 
Person  to  judge  between  you  and  them?  " 

Mr.  Caner's  reply  ^  is  a  dignified  "just  Vindication  of  my  own 
Character,"  in  his  relations  to  the  Fairfield  parish.  He  explains 
satisfactorily  the  points  raised  by  Mr.  Hobart,  by  showing  that 
the  extracts  from  his  letters  in  the  Abstracts  were  either  frag- 
mentary, or  misunderstood,  or  altered  by  the  Secretary  in  the 
Abstract  from  the  original. 

1  In  his  "  Continuation  of  the  Appen-  abusive    misrepresentations    and    falla- 

dix  to  the  Rev.  J.  Beach's  Calm  and  Dis-  cious  argumentations  of  Mr.  N.  Hobart 

passionate  Vindication  of  the  Professors  \x\.\{\?>  Address.     Boston:  1749." 
of  the  Church  of  England  against  the 


lO  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

"  The  candid  Reader  is  desired  to  observe,  That  while  the  Affair  of 
rebuilding  or  removing  the  Church  was  under  Consideration,  I  had  an 
Invitation  to  Boston;  and,  lest  I  should  accept  it,  some  Persons  who 
before  had  opposed  the  Thing,  knowing  my  Opinion  of  the  Convenience 
and  Necessity  of  it,  offer'd  to  come  fully  into  it  on  Condition  that  I 
would  decline  the  Invitation,  which  I  accordingly  did,  and  continued 
about  nine  Years  longer  in  their  Service.  And  here  I  cannot  but  ob- 
serve that  all  Mr.  Hobart  has  said  about  the  Want  of  a  proper  Judge 
between  that  People  and  me,  and  the  Probability  of  their  offering  suffi- 
cient Reasons  against  my  Removal,  is  entirely  foreign,  and  seems  owing 
to  his  not  knowing  the  Circumstances  of  the  Case.  I  can  assure  him 
that  I  never  was  under  Obligation  to  that  People,  either  by  Stipulation 
with  them  or  by  Injunction  from  the  Society,  but  (for  Reasons  which  it 
is  not  necessary  to  relate)  was  at  Liberty  from  the  first  Moment  of  my 
coming  among  them,  either  to  continue  there  or  remove  to  another  Place, 
at  my  own  Discretion.  This  I  fairly  acquainted  the  People  with  at  my 
first  Arrival :  And  it  was  from  Motives  of  pure  Compassion  to  what  I 
esteem'd  to  be  their  Necessity,  that  I  determined  to  comply  with  their 
repeated  Importunities  of  tarrying  among  them.  And  as  I  know  that 
I  sacrificed  my  Health  for  their  Sakes  in  a  Service  too  severe  for  my 
Constitution,  so  some  others  besides  my  self  know  that  I  sacrificed  a 
very  valuable  Interest  in  England  by  tarrying  so  long  as  I  did.  I  have 
therefore  no  Reason  to  reproach  my  self,  and  I  am  sure  they  have  none, 
for  my  Conduct  in  leaving  them ;  and  whatever  the  Sentiments  of  any 
particular  Person  among  them  may  happen  to  be,  I  am  well  assur'd  that 
the  Generality  of  that  People  (unless  they  are  strangely  alter'd  since  I 
left  them)  have  a  grateful  Sense  of  my  Services,  how  mean  soever,  and 
were  far  from  testifying  any  Resentment  at  my  Removal.  Nor  will  Mr. 
Hobarfs  Address,  or  any  other  Attempt  of  like  Nature,  have  the  least 
Influence  in  abating  the  Esteem  which  I  have  for  that  People,  or  the 
Respect  and  Gratitude  they  retain  towards  me. 

"When  the  Mission  was  first  opened  at  Fairfield  it  consisted  of  12 
Families  only,  professing  the  Church  of  England,  at  that  Place  ;  Norwalk 
had  3  or  4 ;  Ridgficld,  2  or  3.  I  omit  to  mention  Reading,  which  tho' 
for  some  Time  under  my  Care,  was  afterwards  committed  to  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Beach.  At  present  the  Congregation  at  Fairfield  consists  of  at  least 
65  Families ;  indeed,  I  know  it  to  consist  of  several  more,  but  I  put 
down  the  Account  here  agreable  to  a  List  which  I  have  by  me,  taken 
some  Years  ago.  At  Norwalk  there  is  a  much  larger  Congregation ; 
Stamford  and  Ridgfield  have  each  of  them  a  Church  built,  and,  to  speak 
much  within  Bounds,  at  least  50  Families  between  them,  professing  the 
Church  of  England.  As  I  had  but  little  Assistance  in  the  Care  of  these 
Churches,  let  any  disinterested  Person  judge  who  beholds  their  present 
State,  and  compares  it  with  the  Condition  of  Things  twenty  Years  ago, 
whether  I  had  not  Reason  in  describing  the  State  of  this  Mission  to  say, 


REV.   HENRY   CANER   INDUCTED.  H 

that  my  Endeavours  had  been  crown'd  with  Success  :  For  as  to  the  Phrase 
of  great  Success,  Mr.  Hobart  will  do  well  to  reflect  upon  it  as  one  of  his 
own  coining,  for  which  he  has  no  Authority  from  any  Letter  or  Expres- 
sion of  mine. 

"  If  Mr.  Hobart  shall  think  proper  to  favour  me  with  any  further  Re- 
marks, I  think  I  have  a  Right  to  expect  that  they  be  made  not  under  the 
Mask  or  Profession  only,  but  with  the  Spirit  of  a  Christian ;  upon  these 
Terms,  if  God  spare  me  Life  and  Health,  he  may  assure  himself  of 
proper  Notice ;  'till  when  I  take  my  Leave  of  him  and  of  the  Reader." 

How  Mr.  Caner  was  welcomed  at  Boston,  the  following  letter 
from  Governor  Shirley,  dated  June  6,  1747,  shows:  — 

I  can't  omit  expressing  my  own  and  the  general  satisfaction  of  the 
congregation  of  the  King's  Chappel,  in  ye  Ministry  of  M'  Caner.  That 
Church,  I  may  assure  you,  stood  much  in  want  of  some  Gentleman  of  his 
good  qualities  for  its  service  ;  and  I  promise  myself  that  his  removal  to 
it  will  not  only  be  for  the  advantage  and  edification  of  that  particular 
congregation,  but  promote  the  general  welfare  of  the  church  within  this 
metropoUs  of  New  England.  I  should  not  do  M'  Caner  Justice,  if  I 
did  not  mention  here  his  diligence  and  Labours  within  these  last  Twenty 
years  among  the  Churches  in  Connecticutt,  where,  besides  doing  the  duty 
of  his  own  church  at  Fairfield,  he  has  constantly  supply'  those  of  Stam- 
ford and  Norvvalk,  and  their  dependant  Villadges,  —  at  the  last  of  which 
places  he  voluntarily  gave  up  ;^io  sterling  per  ann.  (allow'd  him  by  the 
Society  for  a  school)  toward  obtaining  a  mission  for  a  church  there. -^ 

In  such  a  laborious  field  the  unexpected  call  to  the  leading 
church  in  his  communion  had  found  the  faithful  missionary 
worn  with  the  labors  on  which  he  had  spent  what  might  have 
been  deemed  the  best  part  of  his  life,  although  he  was  destined 
to  double  its  length  of  years  and  to  see  undreamed-of  hard- 
ships in  his  old  age  follow  this  new  chapter  of  prosperity. 
His  character  seems  to  be  written  on  his  portrait,  which  repre- 
sents a  man  of  striking  presence,  with  a  countenance  firm  and 
dignified,   perhaps   imperious.^ 

The  same  page  in  the  Records  which  records  the  dissolution 
of  the  connection  of  Mr.  Commissary  Price  with  the  church 
introduces  the  name  of  the  new  minister.^ 

It  was  on  Nov.  27,  1746,  the  day  "Appointed  for  a  General 
Thanksgiveing,"  after  hearing  Mr.  Price's  letter  of  resignation, 
in  which  he  requested  them  to  procure   a  successor  "  within 

1  Church  Docs.  Mass.,  p.  410.  mezzotint   engraving   by  Peter   Pelham, 

2  See  at  p.  23  the  heliotype  from  the     published  in  1750. 

3  See  vol.  i.  p.  541. 


12  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

four  months  time,"  that  the  parish  took  prompt  action  to  sup- 
ply his  place.  The  whole  proceeding  was  highly  significant, 
both  from  the  decided  repudiation  by  the  congregation  of  all 
dependence  upon  the  Bishop  of  London,  and  also  from  its 
marked  congregational  character.  While  it  is  true,  as  Green- 
wood says,  that  the  independent  line  of  conduct  related  in  the 
following  record  "  shows  a  wide  departure  from  the  old  course, 
which  had  always  pointed  hitherto  in  the  direction  of  London," 
it  is  to  be  remembered  that  the  church  had  already  claimed  the 
right  of  presentation  to  the  living,  at  the  time  of  the  dissen- 
sions which  ensued  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Miles  in  1727/8.^  It 
has  been  related  in  a  former  chapter  how  the  tact  and  modera- 
tion of  Bishop  Gibson,  who  administered  the  great  See  of 
London,  had  then  conciliated  the  opposition,  —  conceding  the 
substance  while  retaining  the  form  of  powers  which  he  might 
have  claimed  as  inhering  in  his  office.  To  the  narrative  there 
given  may  be  added  here  from  our  files,  as  indicating  his  view 
of  his  episcopal  rights,  the  letters  then  received  from  England, 
though  not  entered  on  the  Records. 

London,  the  g'^  May,  1728. 
Mess"  John  Jekyll,  George  Cradock,  John  Easiwkk,  John  Barnes,  and 
JohJt  Checkley. 

Gentlemen,  — .  .  .  The  morning  after  I  rec''  your  first  Letter,  I 
waited  upon  my  Lord  Bishop  of  London,  and  was  with  his  Lordship  for 
Some  time,  when  his  Lordship  Declared  to  me  he  did  not  pretend  to  have 
any  Right  of  presenting  a  minister  for  yo!"  Church,  and  Seemed  to  think 
that  the  Right  of  presentation  was  in  y*"  Congregation  who  Supported 
the  Minister.  And  to  Convince  his  Lordship  that  I  had  no  farther  Veiws 
but  to  preserve  peace,  and  for  y"  good  and  prosperity  of  y*-'  Church,  and 
preserve  your  Right,  Desired  his  Lordship  would  fix  on  such  a  Parson  as 
he  thought  would  answer  that  End,  and  that  should  be  the  Gentleman 
whome  I  Should  present  to  his  Lordship  for  his  License ;  which  I  have 
Reason  to  beleive  his  Lordship  tooke  very  well.  Since  wliich  I  have 
been  Severall  times  with  his  Lordship  (and  Mr  Apthorpe  was  so  good  as 
to  bear  me  Company  twice),  when  he  told  us  he  had  rec^  abundance 
of  Letters  and  Papers  relateing  to  the  affaire  from  Mr  Harris's  freinds, 
who  Insist  upon  it  that  they  are  y^  most  Considerable  persons  in  y''  Con- 
gregation who  are  on  his  side,  and  they  Complain  against  y"  proceedings 
of  the  Vestry ;  and  his  Lordship  Show'd  me  a  paper  Signed  hy  a  great 
many  Gentlemen  who  are  M'  Harris's  freinds ;  but  I  did  not  ask  for 
any  Copy  of  it  because  I  am  in  hopes  that  all  your  Differances  will 
heal,  and  y'?  might  widen  the  breach.     My  L^  Bishop  being  desierous  of 

1   Vide  i.  370. 


REV.    HENRY    CANER    INDUCTED.  13 

seeing  Coll.  Shute  and  to  hear  what  he  would  Say  in  Relation  to  the 
right  of  presentation,  M'  Apthorpe  and  my  Self  waited  upon  the  Coll. 
on  Wednesday  morning  in  hopes  he  would  have  gone  with  us  to  his 
Lordship,  but  he  could  not  that  morning,  but  promised  he  would  go  to 
him  ;  and  he  agrees  w-''  us  that  the  right  of  presentations  is  in  y"  Con- 
gregations, who  gives  towards  the  Support  of  y""  Church, 

Now,  the  Lord  Bishop  of  London  Says  that  in  Case  Governour  Bur- 
nett Shall  signifie  to  him  by  a  Letter  That  the  late  Congregational  meet- 
ing of  The  King's  Chappel  in  Boston  on  Wednesday  the  13*  March, 
1727  8,  by  Adjournment  was  according  to  theyer  usual  Custome,  Right, 
and  the  proceeding  thereof  duely  Entered  in  the  Church  Books,  He 
will  then  Comply  with  theyer  order  to  Genl  Nicholson  and  my  Self  to 
grant  a  licence  to  Such  a  Parson  as  I  my  selfe  Shall  present,  provided  it 's 
a  parson  his  Lordship  Shall  approve  off. 

But  in  Case  the  Said  Governour  Should  not  approve  of  the  former 
proceedings  of  the  Church  meeting.  Then  his  Lordship  desires  they 
will  unanimously  agree  to  present  Some  parson  now  on  the  Spot,  to 
whome  Hee  will  grant  a  Licence  ;  provided  it  be  done  Unanimously,  and 
one  that  He  has  no  Objection  too.  And  in  Case  you  Can't  be  Unani- 
mous in  fixing  on  a  parson  on  the  Spot,  Then  if  you  agree  to  leave  it 
to  my  Lord  Bishop  and  my  SeU^,  we  will  take  Care  to  Send  you  over 
from  hence  the  best  man  we  can  prevale  with  to  take  y^  charge  upon 
him ;  and  in  such  Case  I  am  pretty  well  asured  it  will  be  One  whome 
His  Lordship  will  Conferr  Some  greater  Dignity  upon  then  lias  yet  been 
on  any  other  Clergyman  that  has  gone  from  hence  to  New  England. 
What  I  here  write  in  relation  to  what  past  between  my  Lord  Bishop  and 
my  Self  is  (as  near  as  I  can  collect)  his  Lordship's  own  words  ;  .  .  .  and 
therefore  in  Case  Governour  Burnet  Should  Differ  with  you  in  respect  to 
the  proceedings  of  the  late  vestry,  then  you  will  know  how  to  Act  agree- 
able to  His  Lordship's  Sentiments.  And  I  heartily  wish  there  may  be  a 
good  understanding  and  Unanimity  Amongst  you,  that  so  you  may  pre- 
serve the  good  of  the  Church.  And  I  am, 
Gentlemen, 

Yor  Very  Hum''^  Servf 

Tho  :  Sandford. 

Cockpit,  Whitehall,  April  23,  1729. 

Good  Sf,  — .  .  .  As  to  a  successor  to  Mr.  Miles,  I  despair  of  seeing 
the  right  of  election  sett  upon  such  a  clean  bottom  as  may  be  a  ffounda- 
tion  of  Peace  and  quietness  in  y"  place,  considering  y"  heats  and  preju- 
dices which  have  long  prevailed  among  them  :  and  the  bearer  Mr  Price 
having  offer'd  himself  to  come  to  Boston,  and  run  y*"  hazard  of  being 
receiv'd  by  y"  People  into  M'  Miles's  place,  I  have  granted  him  a  gen- 
eral License  for  that  government,  which  is  all  I  pretend  to. 

He  has  been  long  knowne  to  me,  and  is  one  whome  I  am  willing  to 
entrust  with  y^  power  of  Commissary  for  inspecting  y"-"  Lives  and  manners 


14  ANNALS    OF   KING'S   CHAPEL. 

of  y''  Clergy  if  he  succeed  in  that  place ;  and  I  think  a  better  service 
cannot  be  done  y"  congregation  than  y*"  inducing  both  parties  to  unite  in 
him.  This  I  hope  will  be  in  your  power.  And  if  my  opinion  or  inclina- 
tion will  be  of  any  weight  with  them,  I  desire  to  joine  you  in  endeavour- 
ing to  putt  an  end  to  these  unhappy  disputes  by  this  method,  and  that 
you  will  be  so  good  as  to  coiiiunicate  my  thought  to  them  as  there  shall 
be  occasion. 

I  am  with  great  truth,  S', 

Yf  very  ffaithfull  Serv' 

Edm°  London. 

From  this  correspondence  at  the  time  of  Commissary  Price's 
appointment  the  parish  of  King's  Chapel  had  learned  that  its 
right  to  choose  his  successor  would  not  be  disputed  at  Fulham. 
Even  if  it  had  been  otherwise,  Mr.  Price's  haste  to  leave  the 
country  left  them  scanty  time  to  refer  the  matter  to  the  dioce- 
san. Moreover,  the  infirm  health  of  Bishop  Gibson,  now  in  his 
seventy-eighth  year,  must  have  been  known  to  them,  rendering 
it  uncertain  whether  he  could  attend  to  the  subject;  and  this 
may  have  been  the  reason  why  Mr.  Caner,  after  his  election,  was 
not  presented  to  him  for  institution.  Without  such  explanatory 
circumstances,  the  omission  to  do  so  might  well  savor  of  scant 
respect  to  his  great  office  so  worthily  borne. 

Even  more  noteworthy  in  the  election  of  the  new  minister  is 
the  importance  which  is  attached  to  the  opinion  and  action  of 
the  "  Proprietors  of  Pews."  Already,  indeed,  after  Mr.  Miles's 
death,  nearly  twenty  years  before,  "  the  Congregation "  had 
acted  by  votes  and  proceedings  quite  unprecedented,  so  far  as 
we  are  aware,  in  the  history  of  any  Episcopal  Society.^  But 
now  the  somewhat  tumultuous  and  irregular  character  of  those 
meetings  is  succeeded  by  a  deliberate  recognition  of  the  Pro- 
prietors as  having  final  and  sole  authority  and  the  rights  which 
in  England  appertained  to  "  the  lord  of  the  manor."  In  all 
this  there  was  certainly  justice.  If,  as  Mr.  Caner  reminded 
them  in  his  letter  of  acceptance,  "  They  who  preach  the  Gospel 
should  live  of  the  Gospel,"  it  was  reasonable  that  they  who 
paid  all  the  charges  should  have  the  selection  of  the  preacher. 
Nevertheless,  such  action  in  a  congregation  of  the  Church  of 
England  was  unprecedented,  and  would  have  been  impossible 
anywhere  but  in  New  England.  It  proves  that  the  air  they 
breathed  was  saturated  with  the  principles  of  that  Congrega- 
tional independency  against  which  King's  Chapel  regarded 
itself  as  a  standing  protest. 

1   Vide  i.  369. 


REV.   HENRY   CANER   INDUCTED. 


15 


Then  the  Congregation  proceeded  and  Voted  — 

The  two  Church  Wardens, 

Eliakim  Hutchinson,  Esq', 

Geo  Craddock,  Esq',  and 

Francis  Brinley,  Esq', 

To  be  a  Comittee  to  Consider  of  a  fitt  person  in  holly  Orders,  well  qual- 

lified,  of  unblameable  life  and  Conversation,  and  to  recomend  him  as 

Such  to  the  Congregation  to  be  Appointed  Rector  of  the  Kings  Chapell 

in  the  room  of  the  Rever?  and  worthy  M'  Roger  Price,  who  has  deter- 

min'd  to  leave  us. 

The  Said  Comittee  mett,  the  Same  day  in  y^  Evening,  At  yf  Roy' 
Exch^  Tavern,  and  haveing  fully  considered  it  Were  Unanimously  of 
Opinion  That  y*"  Rever^  M'  Henry  Caner,  Minister  of  the  Church  in 
Fairfield,  Connecticut,  is  the  most  proper  Person  to  discharge  the  Duty 
of  that  Cure  ;  w".''  is  Submitted  to  A  Vote  of  the  Congregation.  Also 
Order'd  that  the  Propietors  of  the  Pews  be  Severally  Notified  to  Meet 
at  y*"  Chapel  on  Saturday  next,  at  three  o'clock  p.  m.,  to  receive  the 
report  of  the  Comittee,  etc. 

Saturday,  Novem'  29,  1746,  —  the  Propietors  being  duly  warned  to 
meet  as  Afores'^,  at  3  oClock,  the  Bell  rang ;  And  there  being  but  few  of 
the  Said  Propietors  that  attended.  It  was  agreed  to  adjourn  the  Said 
Meeting  till  next  day,  being  Sunday,  after  evening  Servis,  of  w^.*"  the  Clerk 
was  orderd  to  notifie  all  the  Propietors  after  Morning  Prayers.  Accord- 
ingly, Sunday,  November  30,  1746,  The  Propietors  of  Kings  Chapel 
being  Assembled  at  the  time  and  Place  Appointed,  The  first  Warden, 
after  Acquainting  them  with  the  Occasion  of  this  meeting,  did  read  the 
forgoeing  letter  from  the  Reverb  M'  Comisary  Price  to  the  Congregation, 
as  also  the  report  of  the  Comittee  from  the  entrys  in  the  Church  Book. 

Then  the  question  was  put,  —  Whether  wee  should  choose  a  Minister 
to  Succed  the  Revf  M'  Comisary  Price  from  amongst  the  Clergy  in  holy 
Orders  in  New  Eng^,  or  write  to  his  LordshP  our  Diocesian,  and  other 
friends  in  Old  Eng*^,  to  procure  us  a  Minister  from  thence ;  w'.*"  questions 
being  put  to  Vote,  it  was  carried  by  a  great  majority  that  wee  should 
choose  a  Minister  from  amongst  the  Clergy  in  New  Engl^'  After  which 
the  Propietors  proceeded  to  the  Choice  of  a  Minister  to  Succed  the 
Said  Rev^  M'  Price  in  the  Rectory  or  Cure  of  the  Kings  Chapell,  by  an 
hand  Vote.  And  the  Rever?  My  Henry  Caner,  a  Minister  of  the  Church 
of  Engl^  at  Fairfield,  in  Connecticut,  was  chosen  to  Succed  the  Said 
Rev?  M'  Price  in  y*"  Said  Rectory  or  Cure,  by  a  great  Majority. 

Then  y"  Said  Propietors  Voted  — 

the  two  Church  Wardens,  with 
Eliakim  Hutchinson, ") 
Francis  Brinley,  r  Esq'',  be 

Geo  :  Craddock,         ) 
a  Comittee  to  Acquaint  the  Reverf  W.  Henry  Caner  of  the  Choice 
they  had  made  of  him  as  their  Minister  to  Succed  the  Said  Rever? 


l6  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Mr  Price  in  the  Rectory  or  Cure  of  Kings  Chapell,  and  with  the  Same 
Sallery,  etc. 

Here  following  is  a  copy  of  the  Letter  w'^.''  the  ConVl^  Afors^  Wrote  and 
sent  to  the  Rev^  M'  Henry  Caner  :  — 

Boston,  Decern''  4,  1 746. 

Rever''  Sir,  —  The  inclosed  is  a  copy  of  the  Votes  of  the  Congregation 
of  the  Kings  Chappie  in  Boston  (relateing  to  the  choice  of  a  Minister 
in  the  Stead  of  the  Reverb  Mf  Comisary  Price  who  has  resigned),  by  w':'' 
you  '11  perceive  that  wee  are  Appointed  to  give  you  an  Invitation  to  the 
Rectory  of  that  Chappie,  which  wee  now  doe  w'.'  great  pleasure  ;  Assureing 
you,  Sir,  that  our  report  was  verry  Acceptable  to  the  Congregation  and  to 
the  Governour  in  particular,  who  much  Approved  of  our  determinations ; 
and  wee  doubt  not,  from  your  known  Merrit  and  the  Unanimity  there  is 
amongst  us,  that  we  may  be  extreme  happy  under  your  Cure. 

Wee  are  likewise  desired  to  Acquaint  You  the  Sallery  is  One  hundred 
and  Ten  pounds  a  Year  Lawfull  Money  of  Great  Brittain,  payable  Weekly 
in  equal  Payments  in  Bills  of  this  Province ;  and  the  Publick  Servis  of 
the  Church  is  equally  performed  by  the  Rector  and  his  assistant,  and  the 
perquisites  (which  are  considerable)  are  the  Rector's  due. 

Wee  shall  be  glad  of  the  favour  of  a  line  or  two  from  You  at  the  re- 
turn of  this  Express.     Being  w^  great  Esteem  &  Respect,  etc.,  etc., 

James  Gordon,  ^ 

Tn'^  Box  ' 

•'  '  VCom*^^ 

Eliakim  Hutchinson,  | 

Geo.  Craddock,  J 

N.B.  Coll'  Brinley  being  out  of  Town  did  not  Sign. 

Sunday,  December  21,  1746,  the  Comittee  aforsaid  Received  a  letter 
from  the  Rever^  M!'  Henry  Caner  (without  a  date)  in  Answer  to  their 
forgoeing,  of  which  here  follows  a  true  Copy  :  — • 

To  Mess"  Tames  Gordon  and  )   ^j^     ■, 

■^  Y  Wardens; 

John  Box,  ) 

To  Eliakijn  Hutchinson,  -^ 

Francis  Brmley,         C  Esq"  ; 
Geo  Craddock,  ) 

Committee  of  the  Congregation  of  Kings  Chappel  in  Boston  : 
GentlemI',  —  I  receiv'd  Your  very  oblidging  Letter  of  the  4"'  of 
Instant  December,  together  with  an  inclosd  Copy  of  the  Votes  of  the 
Congregation  of  Kings  Chappell  in  Boston,  relating  to  the  choice  of  a 
Minister.  I  have,  as  the  short  time  would  allow,  maturely  weighed  the 
kind  Proposals  contained  in  your  Said  Letter,  and  am  oblidged  with  much 
Gratitude  to  acknowlege  the  Honour  you  are  pleased  to  do  me.  I  should 
with  much  Pleasure  offer  my  Service  upon  this  Occasion,  did  I  not  con- 
sider the  Importance  of  the  Post  and  the  Difficulty  of  discharging  it  with 
suitable  prudence,  to  the  Honour  of  God  and  the  Benefit  of  the  Souls 
concern'd.      For  which  Reason,  and  to  the  End  that  the  Interest  of 


REV.   HENRY   CANER   INDUCTED.  17 

Religion  amongst  you  might  be  more  probably  advanced,  I  could  sincere- 
ly wish  the  choice  had  fallen  upon  One  of  a  Character  and  Capacity  to 
which  I  have  no  pretensions.  However,  as  the  Conduct  of  this  Affair  has 
the  Aspect  of  a  Providential  appointment,  destitute  of  any  Motion  and 
distant  from  any  Thought  of  mine  till  the  present  Notification,  I  think 
proper  to  acquaint  you  that  the  little  Service  I  am  capable  of  contributing 
to  the  Interest  of  Religion  and  the  Church  of  Clirist  among  you  shall 
not  be  wanting  whensoever  I  am  call'd  upon,  or  whenever  the  Rev'* 
Coinisary  is  pleased  to  resign. 

I  ask  but  time  to  make  suitable  Provision  for  a  very  Affectionate  People, 
the  leaving  of  whom  would  otherwise  give  me  much  Uneasiness.  Let 
my  Compliments  be  acceptable  to  every  Gentleman  concern'd ;  and  par- 
ticularly my  Duty  waits  upon  his  Excellency  the  Governour,  to  whom  I 
am  oblidged  for  his  kind  Approbation. 

I  am  with  much  respect. 
Gentlemen, 
A  true  Coppy,  attested  by      ")  Your  most  Obedient  and 

James  Gordon,  Ch:  Warden. )  most  humble  Servant, 

Henry  Caner. 


Monday,  December  22,  1746.  The  Propietors  of  King's  Chapel 
being  called  and  Mett  at  y''  Chapel,  the  Letter  of  the  Comittee  of  4''' 
Curr'  to  the  Rev^  M'  Henry  Caner  with  his  Answer  thereto  being  read, 
they 

Voted,  That  y^  Aforsf  Comittee  Should  write  a  Letter  to  the  Rever^  M' 
Henry  Caner  Signifieing  to  him  their  desire  of  his  comeing  to  Boston 
about  the  Midle  of  March  Next,  to  officiate  in  the  Duty  and  Cure  of 
King's  Chapel.     Here  follows  a  duplicate  of  Said  letter  :  — 

Boston,  Dec'  30,  1746. 
To  M""  Henry  Caner,  In  Fairfield. 

Rev?  Sir,  —  Wee  are  favoured  with  Yours  by  the  return  of  the  Ex- 
press, w"*"  wee  reef  the  21  Curr*,  and  the  next  day  wee  communicated 
it  to  the  Propietors ;  who  unanimously  exprse'd  a  great  satisfaction  in 
Your  Acceptance  of  y^  Cure  of  Kings  Chapel,  not  in  y"  least  doubting 
but  you  will  to  the  best  of  your  capacity  discharge  the  duty  of  it,  to  the 
honour  of  God  and  the  benefit  of  the  Souls  concerned  ;  And  we  will  on 
our  part  faithfully  fulfill  our  engagem'.^  in  punctually  Paying  what  wee 
have  Promised. 

Wee  Observe  that  You  desire  time  to  make  Suitable  Provision  for 
your  Affectionate  People,  w".''  wee  hope  may  be  done  by  the  middle  of 
March,  w-.''  will  fully  compleat  the  four  Moneths  M'  Comissary  Mentions 
in  his  Letter  of  Resignation  (of  w'^.''  you  have  a  Copy),  and  at  w''!'  time  he 
will  be  oblidged  to  goe  on  board  y^  Mermaid.  Therefor  by  a  Vote  of  the 
Propietors  wee  Are  desired  to  Acquaint  you  with  it,  and  entreat  You  to 
be  here  rather  before  then  exeed  that  time. 

VOL    II.  —  2 


1 8  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Here  follows  a  Copy  of  the  Rev^  Mr  Henry  Carter's  Letter  in  Answer 
to  the  forgoeing  :  — 

Fairfield,  Jan^  i6,  1746. 
To  James  Gordon  a  fid  John  Box,  Wardens,  and  To  E  Hakim  Hutchinson, 
Francis  Brinley,  afid  George  Cradock,  Esq''%  Co  mitt e  of  the  Congrega- 
tion of  Kings  Chappel  in  Boston  : 

Gent'",  —  Your  favour  of  the  30  Dec'  I  duly  rec'',  and  am  oblidged  to 
the  Proprietors  of  Kings  Chappel  for  their  kind  Acceptance  of  my  Offers 
to  serve  them.  I  pray  God  the  like  Union  and  Harmony  may  ever  sub- 
sist between  us,  when  I  shall  be  employed  in  the  actual  Discharge  of  that 
Sei-vice.  An  honest  Diligence  and  endeavour  to  be  useful  is  all  that  I 
dare  promise.  As  to  your  Offers  of  Reward,  I  have  that  Confidence  in 
your  Honour  as  to  suppose  it  a  proper  Provision  :  't  is  what  indeed  I  am 
not  a  Judge  of,  being  ignorant  of  the  necessary  Expense  of  the  place. 
My  Rule  in  Affairs  of  this  Nature  is  that  of  the  Apostle,  that  They  who 
preach  the  Gospel  should  live  of  the  Gospel ;  and  I  must  confess  I  never 
yet  found  the  People  who  were  not  willing  to  comply  with  it,  and  I  will 
not  so  much  suspect  either  my  own  faithfulness  on  the  one  hand,  or  the 
Honour  of  the  Proprietors  on  the  other,  as  to  imagine  there  will  ever  be 
room  for  the  least  misunderstanding  on  this  Head.  With  Regard  to  the 
time  the  Proprietors  have  pitclid  upon  for  my  Attendance,  I  beg  leave  to 
observe,  that,  being  distant,  an  exact  punctuality  may  possibly  be  imprac- 
ticable. I  shall,  however,  labour  to  conduct  upon  that  Head  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  give  no  reasonable  Ground  of  Uneasiness.  The  exact  time 
of  the  Mermaids  Sailing  will  doubtless  be  better  known  a  while  hence, 
and  being  notify'd  of  it,  I  shall  take  special  Care  that  the  Church  be  not 
left  vacant.  In  the  mean  time,  if  the  Rev^  Comss''^  should  tarry  a  little 
longer  then  at  first  propos'd,  I  conclude  in  that  Case  the  Proprietors 
would  excuse  a  small  delay.  Some  Vacancy  will  unavoidably  happen  in 
the  Ch''  at  Fairfield,  and  a  general  Regard  to  the  Interest  of  Religion  will 
direct  us  to  make  that  Vacancy  as  little  as  possible.  But  I  determine 
nothing  peremptorily.  Only  leave  it  to  time  to  discover  what  will  be  most 
prudent.  In  the  meanwhile  and  always  I  am,  Gen',  your  mo^t  Obedient 
and  most  humble  Servant,  H.  Caner. 

King  Chapel,  Feb.  25,  1746. 

Upon  Reading  the  forgoeing  letter  from  y-  Revf  M'  Henry  Caner  to 
the  Propietors  of  King's  Chapel,  They 

Voted,  That  y*"  Comittee  aforsf  Shall  Write  An  Answer,  requesting  him 
to  be  here  by  the  25  of  March  next,  or  in  all  Said  Moneth  at  furtherst. 

W''''  Letter  the  Said  Comittee  drew  Up  and  Sent  Accordingly. 

N.  B.  The  Church  Wardens  had  no  Opportunity  of  Entering  a  Coppy 
of  the  said  Letter,  an  Opportunity  offering  to  forward  it  the  moment  it 
was  finishd  and  Signd. 

At  a  Meeting  of  y"  Vestry  of  Kings  Chapel  at  y""  Royal  Exch'.  Tavern 
On  Wednesday,  Aprill  5,  1747, 


REV.    HENRY   CANER   INDUCTED.  19 

Voted,  That  y"  Propietors  of  Pews  be  notified  Tomorrow  to  Meet  at 
y*^  Chapel  to  Morrow  after  Evening  Prayers  in  y®  Afternoon,  to  Con- 
sider of  y"  Rate  of  Exch.''  y"  Rev''  M'  Comissary  Price's  Salery  of  ^iio 
Ster.  is  to  be  Sett  at  for  y"  Year  past,  and  to  Agree  and  Settle  y'-'  Same 
w""  him. 

Voted,  The  Pew  N"  30  —  late  Rentons  —  to  Roger  Hardcastle. 
Voted,  That  all  the  Pews  of  those  Propietors  that  are  behind  and  in 
Arrears  as  to  the  Payment  of  their  Contribution,  According  to  the  Agree- 
ment of  each  Pue,  be  Sold  by  the  Church  Wardens  without  respect  to 
Persons,  As  Soon  as  Purchasers  offers,  in  Order  to  reise  Money  to  pay 
of  the  Debts  of  the  Church. 

At  a  Meeting  of  the  Congregation  or  Propietors  of  Kings  Chapel  On 
Thursday,  Apr.  9,  1747  at  y^'^Said  Chapel, 

Voted,  The  Rev?  M'  Comissary  Prices  Salery  for  the  Year  1 746  of  ^i  10 
be  Computed  at  y°  Rate  of  Seven  hundred  p.  Cent,  and  Paid  him  in 
Old  Ten'  at  that  Rate  from  Easter,  Mar.  31,  1746,  to  Easter  Next,  Apr. 
19,  1747.     N.  B.,  p''  him  i^88o. 

Voted,  The  following  Gentlemen  be  a  Comittee  for  the  Propietors  of 
Kings  Chapel,  to  Continue  till  Easter  Next,  to  transact  all  Affaires  relating 
to  the  Church,  As  to  raising  Moneys  to  Make  good  deficiencys.  Collect- 
ing and  taking  Acco'  of  the  Library,  Church  Plate,  Furniture,  and  Apur- 
tenances,  and  inducting  and  Receiving  the  Rev['  M'  Caner  as  Minister  of 
the  Chapel,  etc. ;  viz. 

The  Church  Wardens, 

Geo.  Craddock,  Esq"", 
Dr.  Jn°  Gibbons, 
Dr.  Silvester  Gardner, 
Mr  James  Smith, 
Mr  Charles  Apthorp. 

April  9?,  1747- 
The  Reverf  Mi'  Henry  Caner  came  to  Town  on  Friday  Evening ;  and 
the  Next  Morning,  April  11,  1747,  About  Eleven  oClock  in  y"  forenoon, 
he  was  conducted  to  the  King's  Chapel  in  Boston  by  the  Rev;'  M'  Com- 
isary  Price,  the  Church  Wardens,  and  others  of  the  Comitte  Appointed  As 
Above,  who  all  went  out  of  the  Church,  the  Church  Wardens  at  the  door 
delivering  the  Key  of  the  Church  to  the  Reverf  M'  Caner,  who,  locking 
himself  in  the  Church,  Tolled  the  Bell  and  then  Unlocked  the  Door,  re- 
ceiving the  Church- Wardens  and  Comittee  etc.  into  the  Church  again, 
who  wished  him  joy  upon  his  haveing  Possesion  of  the  Church. 

The  simple  and  grave  character  of  this  method  of  induction 
was  then  in  greater  contrast  with  the  methods  of  procedure  in 
the  surrounding  churches,  than  would  be  the  case  to-day.  In 
these,  the  ordination  of  a  minister,  in  the  country  towns  at  least, 
was  too  often  an  occasion  of  serious  scandals  from  the  convivi- 


20  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

alities  which  attended  it.^  The  ecclesiastical  usage  of  a  Council 
of  delegates  from  sister  churches  was  always  followed,  and  the 
proceedings  were  usually  protracted  and  searching.  One  of  the 
earliest  instances  of  greater  laxness  in  these  proceedings  oc- 
curred in  Boston  at  the  settlement  of  the  Rev.  Jonathan  May- 
hew,  shortly  after  Mr.  Caner's  induction  at  King's  Chapel,  and 
was  noted  by  a  vigilant  Episcopalian,  Joseph  Cleverly,  clerk  of 
the  parish  in  Braintree,  who  wrote  to  Rev.  Ebenezer  Miller,  then 
in  England,  June  26,  1747, — 

"...  The  People  of  our  Communion  generally  attend  Prayers  at 
Church  on  Sundays,  and  will,  I  hope,  be  preserv'd,  thro  God's  mercy, 
from  falling  into  the  Seism.  We  heartily  wish  and  pray  for  your  Preser- 
vation and  safe  Return,  and  trust  in  God  for  a  gracious  Answer  to  our 
Prayers  thro  the  all  sufficient  Merits  of  Jesus  Christ. 

"  On  the  1 7  Instant  the  great  Sanhedrim  met  at  Boston,  to  fix  a  Teacher 
in  M'  Hoopers  meeting.  Out  of  fifteen  Conventicles  apply'd  to,  Eleven 
chose  their  Teachers  and  Messengers  to  assist  in  the  grand  Affair,  but 
several  of  them  did  not  give  their  Attendance,  for  Reasons  best  known 
to  themselves.  When  they  had  got  together,  M'  Cotton  moved  that 
M''  Mayhew  might  be  examined  as  to  the  Soundness  of  his  Principles,  at 
which  several  squinted  and  looked  awry ;  but  to  make  Things  easy  the 
Covenant  of  that  Meeting  was  Calld  for,  and  M'  Mayhew  askd  whether  he 
assented  to  it,  to  which  he  answerd  in  the  Affirmative.  The  Covenant 
referrd  to  and  took  in  the  Westminister  Confession  of  Faith,  As  to  the 
Substance  of  it,  and  was  drawn  up  by  M'  Princ  and  M'  Foxcroft,  as  I  am 
credibly  informed,  when  M'  Hooper  was  settled  at  that  Meeting.  We 
see,  Sir,  by  this  what  men  of  latidunarian  Principles  will  do  to  get  a  good 
Living  ;  and  whether  this  is  so  or  not,  [in]  M'  Hooper ['s]  Case  I  leave 
to  all  that  know  him. 

The  same  practical  money  questions  were  involved,  however, 
in  the  settlement  of  the  Church-of-England  rector  as  in  that 
of  the  most  heterodox  divine,  as  is  shown  by  the  Records :  — 

1  "A   Resolve   of   the   Honourable  Revelling  and  Riot,  and  such  Disorders 

His  Majesty's  Council  of  the  Province  must    consequently    become    the    more 

of  the  Massachusetts-Bay,  relating  to  the  criminal,  and  in  a  greater  Degree  tend  to 

Disorders  on  the  Days  of  Ordination  of  bring  Reproach  upon  the  holy  Religion 

Ministers,  with  the  Proceedings  of  the  which  we   profess,"   they  recommended 

Convention  of  Ministers  thereupon.  the  ministers  to  consult  and  take  action 

"ya/zz/rtrj/iS,  1759. — The  Board  took  on   the   subject.     Accordingly,    at   their 

into  their  Consideration  the  great  Dis-  Convention,  May  31,  1759,  the  ministers 

orders  which  frequently  arise   in   most  "bear   their   united    Testimony   against 

Parts  of  the  Province,  upon  the  Days  of  these  Irregularities  ;   such  as   Feasting, 

Ordination  of  Ministers ;  And  inasmuch  Jollity,  and  Revelling  in  the  Towns,  and 

as  the  Purpose  of  assembling  together  light,  irreverent  Behaviour  in  and  near 

upon  such  Days  is  in  its  Nature  religious,  the  Places  of  public  Worship,  where  our 

and  in  the  greatest  Degree  removed  from  Ordinations  are  solemnized." 


REV.    HENRY    CANER    INDUCTED.  21 

June  4"',  1747. 
The  Vestry  haveing  taken  into  Consideration  the  great  Charge  and 
Trouble  the  Revf  Mf  Henry  Caner,  our  Minister,  has  been  at  in  remove- 
ing  his  ffamily  and  ffurniture,  etc.,  from  Fairfield  here,  and  Settling  them 
in  this  Place,  were  Unanimously  of  Opinion  that  the  Congregation  Ought 
to  Make  a  Collection  in  Order  to  reimburse  him.     Therefore, 
Voted,  That  y"  Said  Collection  be  Made  on  Trinity  Sunday  next  in  the 
Affternoon,  and  it  is  earnestly  recomended  to  y"  Congregation, 
of  w'^.''  they  are  to  be  Notified  On  Sunday  next  both  before  and 
Affternoon.      Which   Collection  being  Made  Accordingly,  it 
amounted  to,  as  gather^  at  the  Chaple  On  Trinity  Sunday,  One 
hundred  and  Sixty-Seven  Pounds,  6/  i'',  dd  by  the  Church 
Wardens  to  y'=  Revi^  Mr  Caner.     Old  Ten!. 

June  5,  1747. 
Voted,  That  y"^  Rev''  M'  Comisary  Price's  Demand  for  Some  Allowance 
from  Our  Church  Since  the  Term  of  his  Resignation  expired, 
on  ace!  of  the  Mermaid  Man  of  Warr's  not  Sailing  for  Engl':' 
So  soon  as  expected,  Be  laid  before  the  Congregation. 

Easter  Monday,  April  20,  1747.     At  a  meeting  of  the  Minister  and 
Propietors  of  King's  Chapel, 
Voted,  That  no  person  be  chosen  a  Warden  of  this  Church  but  of  those 

that  are  comunicants.^ 
Voted,  That  the  choice  of  Church  Wardens  and  Vestrymen  and  other 

matters  of  Consequence  relating  to  this  Church  for  the  future 

be  determined  by  Written  Votes  only. 
Voted,  That  Every  Pew  in  the  Church,  the  Propietor  or  Propietors  whereof 

haveing  paid  Contribution  Agreeable  to  the  Assesment,  have 

On  Single  Vote  and  no  More. 
Voted,  That  the  Church  Wardens  Wait  upon  the  Rev:'  M'  Brockwell  this 

week  and  Acquaint  him  it  is  the  desire  of  the  Propietors  of  this 

Church  that  he  Will  Preach  in  the  morning  on  Sundays. 

Mr.    Caner's    strong    hand    is   felt  at  once   in   these   orderly 
regulations. 

The  financial  history  of  the  church^  during  Dr.  Caner's  min- 

^  The  usage  of  the  Church  seems  to  £     s.   J. 

have  been  fixed  by  this  vote.  I733~34 54--  iS.  ot 

-  The  financial  record  during  the  in-     I734~35 575-  °S-  °° 


terval  from  the  death  of  Mr.  Myles  (see 


1735-36 594-05.09 

1736-37 607.  II.  00 


vol.  i.  p.  355)  to  Mr.  Caner's  accession  is      J-i^^J.-a 64006 


10 


1738-39 591- 07- 05 

1739-40 535-  i8-  06 


as  follows  :  — 

Contributions 

(including  regular  assessments  from  certain  pews).  1740-41 489.  18.  OO 

£     s.   d.  1741-42 515-  14-04 

172S-29 376.  13.  01 14  1742-43 645.19.04 

1729-30 432-  15- 05  1743-44 702.07.10 

1730-31 539-  07  00  1744-45 918.  00.  05 

1731-32 577.09.08  1745-46 874-11-03 

1732-33 518.  10. 03  1746-47 1018.  08.  00 


22  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

istry,  so  far  as  it  is  given  in  the  weekly  contributions  received, 
including  subscriptions  each  year  for  arrearages,  may  be  fitly 
condensed  at  this  point :  — 

1747-48 1388.19.00.  Old  Tenour. 

1748-49 1425.  00.  00.  „  „ 

1749-50 1461.00.00.  Old  Tenor. 

1750-51 1452-  oo-  oo-  »         » 

1751-52 1324-  iS.  04,  „         „ 

1752-53 ^'^^^'  ^3-  II- 

1753-54 1348.01.05. 

rr  01/    ^  August  25      .  ^,^117.  04.  05 

1754-55 1665.    10.    OS>2.^  .r  ^  /  -+  0 

'^^  -^^  -^  (Septy  I      .     .       109.  05.  09 

1755-56 1803.  06.  05;^.       „          „ 

1756-57 2281.  00.  00. 

1757-58 306.  08.  o?>%. 

1758-59 401.  01.  05^4^. 

1759-60 396.    12.   OI>4. 

1760-61 278.    19.01^. 

1761-62 359-  15- 05/^-     Easter    ^140.09.07^ 

1762-63 285.  00.  0^%. 

1763-64 288.  13.  01^. 

1764-65 256.  16.  II. 

1765-66 302.  01.   YoYz. 

1766-67 289.13.09)^. 

1767-68 272.    18.  04. 

1768-69 261.    12.  04. 

1769-70 341.  17.  07.  Easter  ;^i2o.  03.  04 

1770-71  ......  307.  09.  10.  Easter  133.  13.  10 

1771-72 279.  08.  03.  Easter  84.  02.  09 

1772-73 307.  15.03.  Easter  iii.  14.08 

1773-74 257.  15.  io>4.     Easter  89.  15.  00 

1774-75 260.  03.  03.  Easter  84.  06.  08 

1775-76 88.17.05.     April  23,  1775-Feb.  II,  1776. 

The  Records  note  :  — 

1748.  Silver  M^  58  %  60  p  Ounce  Exca  w*  Lond"  1060  p  Cent. 

1749.  Silver  Money  at  56/  @  57/  6  p  oz.  Exclv^  with  London  1020/  @ 

1050  p  Cent. 

1750.  Silver  Mo:  at  50/  p.  oz. 

But  the  new  ministry  which  began  with  such  bright  omens 
was  soon  overcast  by  a  shadow  of  dissension.^     After  what  has 

1  "Dr.  Miller  acquaints  the  Society  Clergy  in  the  neighborhood,  to  a  much 
.  .  .  that  he  had  preach'd  the  Lecture  at  more  numerous  Auditory  than  he  ex- 
the  King's  Chapel  in  Boston,  begun  by  the     pected."  —  4  Anniv.  Sermon,  1747-48. 


> 

Q 

w 
< 

w 

> 


REV.  CHAS.  BROCKWELL,  AFTERNOON  PREACHER.  23 

been  related  of  the  jars  which  arose  from  the  inharmonious 
relations  of  the  "King's  Lecturers"  and  the  rectors  during  the 
ministry  of  Mr.  Myles  and  of  Mr.  Price,  seeming  to  show  an 
inherent  incompatibility  in  the  relation  itself,  it  is  not  surprising 
to  find  human  nature  unaltered  in  this  regard.  The  "  King's 
Lecturers  "  come  and  go  through  our  Annals,  until  the  Revolu- 
tion sweeps  them  and  the  old  system  of  things  away  together ; 
but  in  the  case  of  each  new-comer  the  grievances  reappear  with 
the  same  friction  as  before,  causing  much  heat  and  little  light. 

It  shows  how  independent  of  close  relations  with  the  parish 
the  position  had  come  to  be,  that  no  reference  to  the  appoint- 
ment of  Mr.  Roe's  successor  in  this  office  finds  a  place  in  our 
Records.  In  the  same  year,  however,  that  Mr.  Caner  assumed 
his  new  duties,  and  possibly  after  his  coming,  since  the  assist- 
ant is  not  mentioned  among  those  who  took  part  in  his  induc- 
tion, the  Rev.  Charles  Brockwell  was  commissioned  by  the 
Bishop  of  London  as  "  King's  Lecturer."  Mr.  Brockwell  had 
earned  his  promotion  in  the  same  way  as  Mr.  Caner  had  done, 
having  previously  been  missionary  of  the  Venerable  Society 
at  Scituate  and  at  Salem.  It  must  therefore  have  been  all  the 
harder  to  him  to  find  that  he  was  now  taking  a  subordinate 
place  instead  of  one  of  special  dignity,  with  which  he  supposed 
himself  clothed  by  his  unique  commission  from  the  Bishop. 
That  he  was  of  a  stiff  and  unyielding  temper,  also,  is  indicated 
by  the  severe  lines  of  his  portrait ;  ^  and  this  disposition  may  well 
have  been  nourished  by  the  circumstances  of  his  ministry,  which 
had  been  cast  in  thorny  places  and  with  little  sunshine  till  past 
his  fiftieth  year.  He  was  born  in  England,  though  not,  as  has 
been  stated,  a  graduate  of  Cambridge  University,  and  may  be 
presumed  to  have  tried  his  fortune  in  the  thankless  path  of  some 
scantily  paid  curacy  in  the  mother-country  before  seeking  it  in 
the  New  World.  His  first  employment  as  a  missionary  was  at 
Scituate,  where  Dr.  Cutler  had  sown  the  seed  of  Episcopal  prin- 
ciples as  early  as  1725,  going  there  "  on  the  invitation  of  Lieu- 
tenant Damon  and  another  gentleman  of  large  estate,"  and 
reading  the  liturgy,  to  the  great  scandal  of  Puritan  ideas,  in  the 
North  meeting-house.  This  intrusion  on  the  vested  rights  of 
the  Congregational  order,  to  which  Dr.  Cutler  had  so  recently 
belonged,  stirred  a  controversy  in  the  newspapers,  as  has  been 
related  in  a  former  chapter,  and  increased  the  angry  feeling  with 
which  the  stately  rector  of  Christ  Church  was  regarded  by  those 

^  The  mezzotint  engraving  l^y  Peter     bridge,"  but  his  name  does  not  appear 
Pelham,  published  in   1750,  styles   him     on  the  University  Catalogue. 
"A.M.,  Late  of  Catherine   Hall,  Cam- 


24  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

who  could  never  forgive  the  desertion  of  his  post  at  Yale  College. 
Of  the  church  at  Scituate,  which  sprang  from  this  movement, 
and  which,  since  its  removal  in  i8ii  about  a  mile  from  its  for- 
mer position,  is  known  as  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Hanover,^  Mr. 
Brockwell  was  the  second  clergyman,  though  the  term  of  his 
service  is  uncertain.  He  preceded  the  Rev.  Addington  Daven- 
port (who  after  serving  there  from  1732  to  1737  became  his 
predecessor  at  King's  Chapel),  and  we  find  him  again  at  Scituate 
in  1737,  tilling  what  must  have  been  for  him  a  hard  and  barren 
field;  so  that  his  removal  that  autumn  to  what  soon  became  St. 
Peter's  Church  in  Salem  must  have  been  a  happy  change.  It 
was  not  accomplished,  however,  without  harsh  feeling  on  the 
part  of  the  Scituate  parishioners.  They  expressed  their  emo- 
tions in  a  petition  to  the  Venerable  Society,  Jan.  22,  1738 :  ^  — 

"  So  it  is  for  upwards  of  these  four  months  past  the  Rev^  M'  Brakwell, 
our  Minister,  without  the  least  previous  intimation  to  us  or  provocation 
from  us,  hath  removed  to  Salem  and  left  us  desolate,  so  that  our  holy 
Church  is  now  become  the  Scorn  and  sport  of  our  dissenting  neighbours. 

"  We  have  in  high  estimation  the  ministerial  character,  and  we  ever  hon- 
or'd  M'  Brakwell  as  the  gift  of  the  Society  to  our  Infant  Church ;  and  as 
he  hath  given  us  the  most  solemn  assurances  that  he  will  never  in  the 
least  by  auy  representation  expose  us  to  the  loss  of  the  Societys  Favour 
(the  greatest  temporal  evil  that  can  befall  us),  so  we  shall  continue  to  treat 
him  with  all  tenderness  and  respect ;  and  are  therefore  silent  on  this  or  any 
other  part  of  his  conduct,  however  surprising  and  grievous  to  us." 

Mr.  Commissary  Price  also  wrote  to  the  Secretary :  — 

Nov.  16,  1738.3 
.  .  .  Mr.  Brockwell  has  made  many  grievous  complaints  of  the  hard- 
ships and  rude  treatment  he  has  met  with  from  this  congregation  at 

1  See  the  Rev.  Samuel  Cutler's  Ser-  ^  Church  Docs.  Mass.,  pp.  322,  327. 
mon  in  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Hanover,  The  letter  from  the  church  wardens 
Nov.  8,  1846  (Boston:  1848),  and  the  shows  a  stress  of  emotion  quite  incapable 
Memorial  of  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Scitu-  of  brooking  the  restraints  of  correct 
ate,  by  the  Rev.  W.  Henry  Brooks,  D.D.  English  :  — 

Scituate,  in   the  Plymouth  Colony,  had  "  To  the  reuerd  clargies  of  the  epis- 

been  settled  in  1628,  by  "men  of  Kent"  copal    order   which    do   dowel   at   Bos- 

who  probably  were  not  in  full  sympathy  ton  or  at  brantree  :  reuerd  Sirs,  the  great 

with  the  Plymouth  Pilgrims,  having  taken  consernt  we  are  in  will  not  permit  us  to 

the  oaths  of  allegiance  and  supremacy  daylays  any  longer  to  aquoint  you  that 

before  leaving  England.     Their  descend-  our  unhapy  division  cawse  as  it  were  a 

ants  may  well  have  been  ready  to  give  consumtion   in  our  unfortunate   church 

favorable  ear  to  the  church.     The  state-  which  dothe  waste  much  to  the  satisfac- 

ment  in  vol  i.  p.  481,  that  Mr.  Brockwell  tion  of  our  adversaries  that  are  round 

was  the  first  minister  is  not  correct.  about  us  ;  which  confusion  we  are  in  can- 

2  Church  Docs.  Mass.,  p.  320.  not  but  be  to  the  dishonour  of  god  and  to 


REV.  CHAS.  BROCKVVELL,  AFTERNOON  PREACHER.  25 

Scituate,  which  I  believe  are  not  without  some  foundation.  His  complaint, 
backed  with  a  letter  from  the  Church-Wardens  of  Scituate,  declaring  they 
would  rather  lose  the  mission  than  Mr  Brockwell  should  be  their  minis- 
ter, were  laid  before  the  clergy  at  their  annual  meeting,  where  it  was 
unanimously  allowed  that  upon  the  account  of  M[  Brockwell's  bad  state 
of  health  and  ill-temper  of  his  people  he  might  be  more  serviceable  in 
the  duties  of  his  profession  at  Salem  till  the  Society's  pleasure  should 
be  further  known. 

At  Salem  Mr.  Brockwell  was  received  with  great  respect  by 
"  a  large  congregation  unanimous  to  contribute  to  the  extent  of 
their  ability  toward  his  support,"  sufficient  to  satisfy  him,  with 
a  grant  of  ^^"40  yearly  from  the  Venerable  Society.  When  the 
Bishop  of  London  proposed  to  present  him  to  the  King's  Lec- 
tureship in  Boston,  he  joined  with  the  Wardens  of  St.  Peter's 
in  petitioning  for  another  missionary  at  Salem. ^ 

"  Our  opi^osition  has  been  great,  having  what  the  world  calls  great 
men  our  antagonists ;  but  thanks  to  heaven,  they  have  at  last  great 
reason  to  applaud  your  system,  and  we  hope  ere  long  they  will  join  with 
us  in  the  established  form,  they  having  had  monstrous  divisions  in  most 
of  their  societies,  occasioned  by  Mr.  Whitefield  and  his  successors, 
which  has  opened  the  eyes  of  some  so  as  to  behold  the  beauty  of  our 
church,  which  has  hitherto  escaped  the  snares  laid  by  the  grand  deceiver 
of  mankind." 

Mr.  Brockwell  had  promised  to  remain  at  Salem  until  his 
successor  should  arrive,  but  on  Nov.  27,  1746,  he  "made"  a 
cession  of  the  church  into  the  hands  of  the  wardens.  This 
date  may  perhaps  be  assigned  as  that  of  his  entrance  on  his 
new  duties  at  King's  Chapel.  Now,  therefore,  he  seemed  to 
have  fallen  on  sunnier  times.  For  a  few  months  he  may  have 
felt  as  if  he  was  practically  the  sole  minister  of  the  church,  as 
Mr.  Caner,  although  invited  in  the  closing  week  of  that  same 
November,  was  not  inducted  till  the  following  Spring.  His 
arrival,  however,  brought  the  inevitable  collision  on  a  question 
of  precedence. 

By  the  terms  of  his  commission  from  the  Bishop  of  London, 

our  profesion,  and  to  the  discomfort  of  that  it  will  continue  so  long  as  the  said 
those  which  would  with  all  callmness  of  reuerd  M""  brakwel  remaine  with  us;  but 
mind  to  bear  the  cross  of  the  dificulty  we  we  are  full  persuaded  that  his  reamoval 
meet  with,  which  some  of  us  do  calles  it  from  us  would  mouch  contributes  to  the 
an  entolairable  yoke,  saying  that  they  glory  of  God  among  us,  and  to  the  re- 
would  rather  loose  the  mission  then  storation  of  the  flourishing  and  pros- 
reured  M^.  Brakwel  should  abyde  with  perity  of  this  church  as  it  was  not  long 
us.  We  which  are  greatly  consernt  of  this  sense." 
great   disorder   cannot    but   be  sensible  1  Felt's  Salem,  ii.  600. 


26  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Mr.  Brockwell  was  to  be  "  Lecturer,  or  Afternoon  Preacher," 
and  was  of  course  to  preach  in  the  afternoon.  That  was,  how- 
ever, the  time  when  was  taken  up  the  weekly  collection,  which 
was  the  main  dependence  for  the  rector's  salary ;  ^  and  as  Mr. 
Caner  was  a  newcomer  to  the  rectorship  as  well  as  the  better 
preacher,  it  was  desired  to  have  him  preach  then  rather  than  in 
the  morning,  which  properly  belonged  to  him.  On  Easter  Mon- 
day, nine  days  after  Mr.  Caner's  settlement,  the  parish  voted  to 
request  Mr.  Brockwell  to  preach  in  the  mornings,  and  leave  the 
afternoons  for  the  rector. 

Mr.  Brockwell's  "  meekness,"  observes  Dr.  Greenwood,  "  not 
being  prepared  for  such  an  application,  by  no  means  a  flattering 
one,  he  at  first  refused  his  consent,"  not  without  reason,  having 
the  letter  of  his  commission  from  the  Bishop  on  his  side.  The 
illustration  of  the  change  of  customs  is  curious.  Neither  in  Dr. 
Greenwood's  day  nor  now  would  the  afternoon  "  be  selected 
here  as  the  season  for  the  fullest  congregations."  It  took  the 
Wardens  and  Vestry  from  April  to  December  to  bring  Mr. 
Brockwell  to  terms,  and  the  whole  story  is  entered  on  our 
Records  with  so  much  detail  as  to  show  that  they  were  thor- 
oughly in  earnest.  At  first  he  refused  with  much  indignation, 
but  was  finally  compelled  to  submit. 

June  5,  1747.  Mem° :  Pursuant  to  a  Vote  of  the  Congregation  of 
Kings  Chapel  On  Easter  Monday  last.  The  Ch  :  Wardens  waited  on  the 
Rev'  M'  Brockwell  the  Wendsay  following,  to  acquaint  him  it  was  the 
desire  of  the  Congregation  that  he  would  preach  On  Sundays  in  the  Morn- 
ing at  the  Chapel.  But  before  they  Could  deliver  the  Message,  he  told 
them  he  knew  what  they  Came  for;  that  he  had  been  previously  ac- 
quainted therewith  by  One  of  the  Vestry-men,  who  he  said  had  treated 
him  ill,  and  to  whom  he  had  declared  his  determination,  w'!'  he  would 

1  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proc,  1S60-62,  p.  for  the  parson,  it  put  me  in  mind  of  the 

116.     Bennett's  History  of  New  England,  waiters  at  Saddler's  Wells,  who  used  to 

1740.     "As  to  the  ministers,  there  is  no  collect  their  money  just  before  the  be- 

compulsory  tax  upon  the  people  for  their  ginning  of  the  last  Act.     But  notwith- 

support,  but  every  one  contributes   ac-  standing  they  thus  collect  the  money  for 

cording  to  their  inclination  or  ability;  the  maintenance  of  the  clergy  in  general, 

and  it  is  collected  in  the  following  man-  yet  they  are  not  left  to  depend  entirely 

ner:  Every  Sunday,  in  the  afternoon,  as  upon   the    uncertainty   of   what    people 

soon  as  the  sermon  is  ended,  and  before  shall  happen  to  give,  but  have  a  certain 

the  singing  of  the  last  psalm,  they  have  sum  given  them  every  Monday  morning, 

a  vcaant  space  of  time  in  which  there  are  whether  so  much  happens  to  be  collected 

three  or  four  men  come  about  with  long  or  not ;  and  no  one  of  them  has  less  than 

wooden   boxes,   which   they  present   to  a  hundred  pounds  sterling  per  annum, 

every  pew  for  the  reception  of  what  every  which  is  a  comfortable  support  in  this 

one  is  pleased  to  put  into  them.     The  part  of  the  world." 
first  time  I  saw  this  method  of  collecting 


REV.  CHAS.  BROCKWELL,  AFTERNOON  PREACHER.  27 

Stand  to,  and  give  no  other  answer.  The  Wardens  replied  They  were 
Sorry  any  Gentleman  of  the  Church  should  treat  him  ill,  or  Anticipate 
them  who  were  only  delegated  by  the  Congregation  to  deliver  that  Mes- 
sage w".''  they  purposd  to  doe  in  the  most  civil  and  respectfuU  Manner, 
and  to  show  him  the  reason  of  the  request,  w'^.''  was  not  unprecedented, 
but  had  been  occasionally  granted  at  times  before  both  by  the  Rector 
and  Assistant ;  and  further,  that  they  thought  he  neither  treated  the  Con- 
gregation or  Vestry  fairly,  first  in  accepting  or  takeing  any  notice  of  a 
Message  from  the  Church  delivered  by  any  Single  person  without  being 
first  well  Assured  he  had  Authority  from  them  to  deliver  it ;  and  next 
in  ascribing  the  ill  treatment  or  difference  w!  that  Person  to  the  Vestry, 
who  had  no  hand  in  it  and  utterly  disavowed  it.  The  Wardens  not 
Obtaining  An  answer,  called  a  Vestry  Meeting  to  acquaint  them  as  afors'' ; 
and  being  Mett  and  considering  that  Mf  Brockwell  being  appointed  by 
his  Lordship  the  Bishop  of  London  Lecturer  or  Afternoon-preacher,  and 
his  insisting  On  that  Duty,  and  being  unwilling  to  interfere  with  his 
Lordships  Appointment  —  Unanimously  dropt  the  question. 

Sunday,  Novf  i,  1747.  After  morning  Divine  Servis,  the  Rev^  M^ 
Brockwell  acquainted  the  Senf  Church  Ward"  of  Kings  Chapel  that  he 
had  received  a  Letter  from  his  Lordship  the  Bishop  of  London,  the  Con- 
tents whereof  regarded  the  Chaple,  —  desired  the  Warden  to  call  a  Ves- 
try that  it  might  be  Communicated  to  them.  Accordingly  the  S''  Warden 
Orderd  the  Clerk  the  Same  day  to  Notifie  the  Vestry  from  the  Desk  to 
meet  at  the  Chapel  the  Thursday  following,  being  the  5  of  Nov!",  after 
Morning  Serviss. 

The  day  chosen  for  this  explosion  was  appropriately  that 
consecrated  to  commemorate  the  "  Gunpowder  Treason  and 
Plot." 

Thursday,  Nov'  5,  After  Morning  Servis,  being  the  time  Appointed  for 
y*"  Vestry  to  meet  at  the  Chapel.  Present  The  Revf  M'  Caner  Rector, 
the  Church  Wardens  (but  not  a  quorum  of  the  Vestry).  The  Rev^'  M' 
Brockwell  delivered  to  y"  Senr  Warden  a  Letter  from  his  Lordship  the 
Bp.  of  London,  dated  July  last,  directed  to  him  the  s^  M'  Brockwell,  After- 
noon Lecturer  or  Preacher  of  Kings  Chapel,  w*  Letter  w'  the  consent  of 
all  then  present  was  Read  by  the  S.'  Warden.  Then  the  Warden  askd  Mr 
Brockwell  if  he  would  lett  him  take  a  Coppy  of  S^  Letter,  w'.'  he  refused, 
but  said  the  Letter  should  be  forth  Comeing  and  Produced  at  a  meeting 
of  a  full  Vestry.  The  gentlemen  of  the  Vestry  then  told  him  that  it 
Seemd  to  them  (by  the  purport  of  the  Bishop's  Letter  to  him)  that  Both 
M"  Caner  and  the  Vestry  had  been  falsly  and  injuriously  represented  to 
his  Lordship  the  Bishop  As  Assuming  an  Authority  Over  the  Assistant 
or  Lecturer  in  Oposition  to  his  Lordships  Appointment  or  directions, 
therefore  prayed  him  to  let  them  have  a  Copy  of  the  Letter  he  wrote  to 
his  Lordship,  w''.*'  Occasioned  the  Bishop  to  write  the  Said  Letter ;  to  w"."" 


28  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

he  Answerd  he  would  give  the  S':^  Copies  at  a  Meeting  of  a  full  Vestry, 
w''.''  was  then  agreed  to  be  called  and  Meet  at  the  Lighthouse  Tavern^ 
in  King  Street  on  Friday  the  6'!"  Instant  at  6  O'Clock  in  the  Evening. 

N,  B.  Before  the  meeting  of  the  Vestry  the  Church  Wardens  waited 
on  the  Rev''  M'  Brockwell  to  ask  him  for  the  Copies  of  the  affors''  two 
letters  w"l'  he  had  promisd  to  Diliver  at  a  full  Vestry  Meeting ;  but  he 
refused  to  deliver  the  S^  Copies,  telling  them  he  would  be  at  the  Vestry 
Meeting  himself. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Vestry  of  Kings  Chapel  at  y'^  Lighthouse  Tavern 
in  Boston  on  Friday,  Nov:  6,  1747,  at  6  o'Clock  in  the  Evening. 

The  Rev?  M:  Caner  being  Sick  and  not  Able  to  Attend.  The  Rev? 
Mr  Charles  Brockwell  being  Present  read  a  Paragraph  of  a  letter  (w'l' 
he  Said)  he  wrote  to  his  Lordship  the  Bishop  of  London,  So  far  as 
Related  to  us,  w!  his  Lordships  Answer,  the  same  that  was  read  at  y^ 
Chappell  Yesterday ;  after  w'.''  the  question  was  put  by  the  Sen:  War- 
den to  each  of  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Vestry  Singly :  Whether  is  it  your 
Opinion  that  the  Rever'.'  M:  Brockwell  be  ask"^  Once  more  for  the  Copys 
of  his  Letter  to  his  Lordship  the  Bishop  of  London,  now  read  by  him 
to  us,  and  of  his  Lfships  Answer  y':to.  They  Severally  all  answerd  Yes, 
except  Mr  James  Smith.  Then  yf  Sen^  Warden  askd  the  Revf  Mr 
Brockwell  if  he  would  be  pleased  to  give  the  Vestry  the  Coppys  as  Affors^, 
w'^.''  he  refused  and  denyed,  wf  the  Warden  was  desired  to  minute  in  the 
Vestry  Book.  The  Said  Warden  then  askd  Mr  Brockwell  if  he  denyed 
the  Coppys  of  Both  letters,  or  if  he  would  give  them  a  Copy  of  Any 
One  of  those  letters.  Mr  Brockwell  replied  that  he  did  not  Absolutely 
refuse  either  of  them,  but  required  further  time  to  consider  of  the 
Matter ;  that  perhaps  he  might  comply  with  the  request  of  the  Congrega- 
tion in  concurrence  w'  their  Vote  at  Easter,  and  then  he  thought  they 
would  have  no  occasion  to  Ask  him  for  those  Copies ;  with  w'!"  Answer 
,the  whole  Vestry  were  well  pleased,  and  desired  the  Wardens  not  to 
enter  any  minutes  in  the  Book  of  what  passed  in  the  Vestry  at  this  meet- 
ing, till  next  meeting,  and  then  adjourned  till  this  day  week  to  Meet  at 
the  Sun  Tavern  at  5  O'Clock  in  y""  Evening. 

At  a  Meeting  of  the  Vestry  of  Kings  Chapel,  by  adjournment,  at  y'^ 
Sun  Tavern^  in  Boston,  on  Friday,  Nov^  13,  1747. 

The  Revr'  M'  Charles  Brockwell  being  also  present.  The  question  was 
askd  him.  If  he  had  considered  of  what  he  proposed  to  the  Vestry  at 
their  last  meeting.  He  answerd,  he  had  wrote  a  letter  to  his  Lordship 
the  Bishop  of  London,  w"^  he  would  read  to  them  and  intended  to  Send 
p  first  Opportunity,  and  w'.''  he  thought  was  Sufficient  to  Satisfie  them,  and 
Still  refused  to  give  them  the  Copies  of  the  letters  affors''  or  to  Comply 
w'  the  request  of  the  Congregation  in  their  Vote  On  Easter  Monday 
last,  upon  w"l'  some  dispute  Arose  and  the  Vestry  Broke  up. 

1  It  stood  on  the  south  side  of  King  ^  !„   Market    Place.     See    Memorial 

Street,  opposite  the  Town  House.  History  of  Boston,  ii.  xxii,  466. 


REV.  CHAS.  BROCKWELL,  AFTERNOON  PREACHER.  29 

N,  13.  A  few  days  after  this  meeting,  Some  of  the  principal  Gentlemen 
of  the  Vestry  desired  the  Sen'  Warden  to  write  a  letter  to  the  Rev;'  M' 
Brockwell,  renewing  the  request  for  the  Coppys  of  the  affors''  Letters, 
hopeing  by  that  means  to  Obtain  An  Answer  in  Writeing  under  his  hand 
without  Wrangling  or  disputes.  In  Compliance  therewith  the  S'.'  Warden 
wrote  a  letter  to  the  Rev^  Mr  Brockwell,  of  which  here  following  is  a 
Coppy : — 

Boston,  Wednesday,  Dec'  9,  1747. 

Rez^  Sir,  —  I  am  desired  by  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Vestry  of  Kings 
Chappie  to  ask  you  once  more  for  Coppys  of  the  letter  you  wrote  by 
way  of  Complaint  against  them  to  his  Lordship  the  Bishop  of  London, 
and  of  his  Lordships  letter  to  you  in  answer  thereto,  In  Order  to  Justifie 
themselves  and  the  Rev!^'  M'  Caner  to  his  Lordship,  As  they  Apprehend 
(by  the  Purport  of  his  Lordship's  Letter  w".*"  you  allowed  to  be  Read  at 
the  Vestry)  that  the  vote  of  the  Congregation  of  Kings  Chappie  on 
Easter  Monday  last  in  regard  to  their  Request  that  you  wo'd  Preach  in 
the  Morning  on  Sundays  has  been  misrepresented  by  you  to  his  Lordship 
So  as  to  excite  his  Displeasure  against  them. 

I  begg  the  Favf  of  a  Direct  answer,  that  I  may  Communicate  the  same 
to  the  Vestry  this  Evening  at  their  meeting. 

I  am,  S' 
Your  Most  Hum.  Serv' 

Ja.  Gordon,  Ch  :  Warden. 
To  the  Revd  M-:   Cha:  Brockwell. 

At  a  Meeting  of  the  Minister,  Church  Wardens,  and  Vestry  of  Kings 
Chapel,  at  the  Sun  Tavern  in  Boston,  On  Wednesday,  Decern'  9,  1747. 

Voted,  That  y"  Letter  wrote  by  James  Gordon,  Ch.  Warden,  to  the  Rev? 
M'  Brockwell  at  y"  request  of  Some  of  y*"  Gentlemen  of  the  Vestry, 
of  this  days  date,  to  w''!'  he  gave  no  Satisfactory  Answer,  be  recorded 
in  y*^  Vestry  Book. 

The  Rev?  M'  Henry  Caner,  Our  Minister,  then  deliverd  a  letter  from 
y^  Rever?  M'  Brockwell  to  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Vestry,  dated  this  day, 
Signifieing  That  for  y^  Sake  of  Peace  in  y^  Church  he  would  comply 
w'.'  the  request  of  the  Congregation  (as  by  their  vote  on  Easter  Monday 
last)  to  preach  at  y-  Chapel  on  Sundays  in  the  Morning  or  forenoon  ;  but 
there  being  some  after  expressions  in  Said  Letter  w''.''  (in  their  Opinion) 
might  excite  misunderstandings  or  disputes,  therefor  Voted,  That  y"^  two 
Church  Wardens,  together  w:  Eliakim  Hutchinson  Esq',  Doe  immediately 
wait  on  the  Rev?  M^  Brockwell  w^  the  Said  Letter,  and  desire  him  to  give 
them  another  Letter  in  the  Same  words,  or  to  y*^  Same  Purpose,  if  he 
thought  fit,  only  leaving  Out  the  S?  After  Expressions  excepted  against. 
They  Accordingly  went  and  delivered  the  Message  and  returned  the  letter 
to  the  Rev^  M'  Brockwell ;  he  then  wrote  Another  Letter  and  deliverd 
to  them,  a  Coppy  of  w!!^  here  follows,  viz. :  — 


;o 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


Gentlemen,  —  These  are  to  Satisfie  you  of  my  Complyance  with  the 
Request  of  the  Congregation  in  respect  to  my  Preaching  in  the  Morning 
instead  of  the  afternoon,  as  appointed  by  the  Bishop  ;  and  in  this  you 
may  see  my  hearty  desire  of  Peace,  and  y'  I  am 

Your  most  Hble  Serv*, 
Wednesd:  night,  Deer  ii,  1747,  CharleS  BrOCKWELL. 

To  the  Gentlem"  of  the  Kings  Chappel 
in  Vestry  assembled. 

The  next  day  James  Gordon,  Sen'  Warden,  rec?  a  letter 
from  the  Rev?  M^  Brockwell,  a  Coppy  of  which  here 
follows  :  — 

Boston,  Thursday,  Decf  10,  1747. 
Mr.  Gordon  : 

Sir,  —  Being  yesterday  surprised  w'^  an  unexpected 
Lre  from  you  at  Mr.  Speakmans,  and  haveing  waited  on 
you  with  a  verbal  answer,  which  upon  consulting  Mr 
Caner  (at  y*"  Funeral)  I  reduced  into  Writing,  and  which 
was  afterward  Returned  to  me  by  your  Self  and  two 
others  of  Your  Vestry  for  Amendment,  —  having  maturely 
weighed  the  whole  affair,  I  send  you  this  to  explain 
Ny>^  my  Self  and  prevent  future  mistakes. 
^        \C^  First,  as  I  am  in  Duty  bound,  I  shall  Abide  by  Our 

^^  ^^  Diocesans  appointment  and  determination,  and  look 
upon  my  [self]  as  the  Lecturer  or  Afternoon  preacher 
of  the  Kings  Chappel ;  and  absolutely  disclaim  y*"  Title 
of  an  Assistant  you  wf  impose  upon  me,  thereby  (as  I 
conjecture)  to  substitute  me  as  Curate  of  the  Parish. 

2'1'^.     For  y^  good  of  the  Church  (as  Alledged)  and 
at  their  Request,  I  shall  be  contented  to  Wave  my  privi- 
lege, and  permitt  M^  Caner  to  preach  in  y*"  Afternoon  in 
"d^  rny  Stead,  But  this  discretionally  only,  as  He  and  I  from 

Qtime  to  time  shall  agree  between  Ourselves,  Still  reserv- 
ing to  my  Self  the  Sole  Right,  According  to  the  Bishop's 
.  \A  Appointm'  and  determination. 

Vv^  This,  Sir,  I  desire  you  would  comunicate  to  the  Vestry 

^^\  as  an  explaination  of  that  Letter  I  was  hurried  into  last 

-— ^  night;  and  by  this  they  may  depend  I  will  invariably 

^  abide,  and  it  is  my  resolution  (God  assisting)  to  be  as 

^  serviceable  in  my  Station  as  my  Slender  Attainments  will 

admit,  to  them  and  theirs.     I  am  y\  Assured  Friend  and 
H''.''=  Serv!  Cha  :  Brockwell. 


<S 


C 


4 


It  was  voted  (at  the  last  Vestry  Meeting)  That  Eliakim 
Hutchinson,  Esq',  D!  Jn°  Gibbins,  and  D'  Silvester  Gard- 
ner be  a  Comittee  to  draw  up  a  Letter  to  be  Approved 
of  and  Signed  by  the  Vestry  and  Sent  to  the  R;  Revf  the 
L^  Bishop  of  London,  relateing  to  a  letter  wrote  to  his 


REV.  CHAS.  BROCKWELL,  AFTERNOON  PREACHER.  31 

Lordship  by  the  Rev''  M'  Brockwell  and  his  Lordships  Answer,  AVhich 
letter  was  Accordingly  drawn  up  and  laid  before  the  Vestry  at  their  Meet- 
ing on  Monday  Evening,  Janf  11,  1747/8,  at  y"  Sun  Tavern,  w'.''  they 
Approved  of  and  Signed,  and  deliverd  to  the  Senf  Warden  to  be  for- 
warded w'  a  Copy  of  all  the  Minutes,  Votes,  and  letters  etc.  in  this  Book 
relating  to  this  affair,  begginning  at  page  31,  Attested  by  both  Wardens ; 

w''''  was  done  accordingly  the  Same  night  and  Sent  p   Cap' Bruce 

for  London.     Here  follows  a  Coppy  of  the  Letter  :  — 

Boston,  January  ii'I',  1747. 

May  it  please  your  Lordship,  —  Our  present  address  to  your  L^'ship 
is  occaisioned  by  your  L^'ships  Letter  of  last  July  to  y''  Rev''  M'  Brock- 
well,  which  he  comunicated  to  us  in  a  Vestry  called  at  his  desire  for  that 
Purpose,  and  which  we  can't  help  saying  a  little  Surprised  us,  as  we  found 
from  some  Passages  in  it  that  he  must  have  misrepresented  both  y^  Rev? 
Mf  Caner  and  ourselves  to  your  Lordship.  We  wish  upon  this  Occasion 
we  could  have  obtained  from  Mr.  Brockwell  a  copy  of  your  L.'ships 
Letter  to  him  and  of  his  own  to  your  L^ship,  which  occasioned  the  write- 
ing  of  it,  that  we  might  have  been  more  fully  Informed  of  y"  cause  of 
your  L^'ships  displeasure  at  us,  and  so  happy  as  to  have  had  it  in  our  power 
(as  much  as  might  be)  to  remove  it,  by  vindicating  ourselves  from  the 
charge  he  has  made  against  us  to  your  L^'ship.  But  since  he  has  thout 
fitt  finally  to  refuse  us  a  Copy  of  either,  and  only  read  to  us  a  Paragraph 
out  of  what  he  inform'd  us  was  a  Copy  of  his  Ltre  to  your  U'ship,  so 
far  as  it  related  to  us,  and  has  left  us  very  much  in  y*"  Dark  as  to  y"  whole 
of  his  charge  against  us,  We  hope  your  L^'ship  will  make  a  proper  Al- 
lowance for  y*^  disadvantage  we  lye  under,  in  case  any  part  of  his  Ltre 
to  you  should  remain  unanswered,  and  humbly  beg  leave  to  lay  before  yf 
L'ship  a  short  and  full  state  of  y '  Case  between  that  Gentleman  and  us  in 
what  we  conceive  to  be  its  just  Light. 

As  our  Church  is  in  a  great  measure  supported  by  a  free  and  voluntary 
Contribution  collected  every  Sunday  in  y"  afternoon,  it  has  been  custom- 
ary for  y^  Gentleman  esteemed  y"  best  Preacher  and  most  follow'd 
by  y^  People  to  preach  in  that  part  of  y"  Day  as  may  easily  be  made  to 
appear ;  and  as  this  matter  was  never  before  disputed  by  Mf  Brockwell's 
Predecessors,  We  easily  conceive  the  Licumbent  had  such  a  right  to  his 
Pulpit  as  to  Preach  either  in  y"  forenoon  or  afternoon  as  should  be 
Judged  most  for  y-  advantage  of  the  Church.  And  accordingly  the 
Congregation  on  their  Anniversary  Meeting  on  Easter-Monday  last,  take- 
ing  into  consideration  y'^  circumstances  of  y""  Church,  which  on  many 
accounts  are  very  Indifferent,  and  being  fully  Perswaded  that  M''  Caner' s 
preaching  in  y'^  Afternoon  would  be  greatly  for  its  Benefit,  appointed  the 
Church- Wardens  to  wait  upon  Mf  Brockwell  and  acquaint  him  with  their 
request  that  he  would  Preach  in  y'^  fore-noon ;  but  before  the  Church- 
Wardens  had  time  to  wait  on  him,  one  of  y^  principal  Members  of  y^ 
Congregation,  and  a  particular  Acquaintance  of  Mf  Brockwell's,  meeting 


32 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


him  imediately  afterwards,  inform'd  of  y^^  Congregation's  desire,  and 
purely  as  a  friend  (as  he  informs  us)  used  his  endeavours  to  perswade 
him  to  a  Complyance.  What  Particular  discourse  pass'd  between  that 
Gentleman  and  M'  Brockwell  We  can't  pretend  to  Say ;  but  the  Church 
Wardens  soon  after  going  to  let  him  know  y^  desire  of  y*=  Church,  were 
prevented  by  his  telling  them  he  knew  what  they  came  for,  and  had 
been  Previously  acquainted  therewith  by  one  of  y"  Vestry,  who,  he  said, 
had  used  him  111,  and  to  whom  he  had  declared  his  Determination,  and 
would  stand  to  that  and  give  no  other  answer.  Upon  this,  some  Gentle- 
man very  desirous  of  Peace,  and  to  prevent  all  manner  of  misunder- 
standings, discoursed  with  Ml  Brockwell  on  y'^  affair,  who  then  gave 
Encouragement  to  hope  that  he  would  gratifie  the  Congregation's  desire, 
and  said  y'^  best  way  wo?  be  to  leave  y*'  matter  to  M'  Caner  and  himself, 
not  doubting  but  they  sho'd  make  all  easy ;  and  at  another  he  declared 
that  if  M'  Caner  had  mentioned  y'^  things  to  him,  he  should  very  readily 
have  come  into  it.  This,  my  Lord,  occasion'd  y'^  Congregation  to  put  y^ 
matter  upon  that  Issue,  and  to  desire  M'  Caner  to  talk  with  M'  Brockwell 
upon  it,  who  at  j-  request  of  y^  Congregation,  and  upon  Mr.  Brockwell's 
own  proposal,  was  induced  to  do  it,  not  having  before  in  y""  least  con- 
cerned himself  with  it.  And  thus,  my  Lord,  we  were  in  hopes  that  this 
matter  had  been  Adjusted  to  Mr  Brockwell's  own  satisfaction,  as  he  soon 
after  constantly  Preached  in  y^  forenoon  without  any  signs  of  disgust  or 
uneasiness,  or  giveing  any  cause  that  he  was  at  y'^  same  time  makeing 
complaint  against  us,  much  less  that  he  was  makeing  an  Injurious  rep- 
resentation of  M'  Caner's  Conduct  in  y'=  affair;  which  W.  Caner  was 
brought  into  entirely  through  Mf  Brockwells  own  proposal.  And  now, 
my  Lord,  we  beg  leave  to  assure  you  that  if  we  had  in  the  least  appre- 
hended that  our  Proceedings  would  have  been  looked  upon  as  an 
Infringem'  on  your  Lordships  Appointment  of  y^  Assistant  Ministers, 
We  sho'ld  have  made  our  humble  application  for  your  Lordships  order 
and  directions  in  y"  n)atter  Instead  of  makeing  the  request  we  did  to  M' 
Brockwell ;  and  as  we  would  industriously  avoid  every  thing  that  may 
Incurr  your  L-'ship's  displeasure,  and  erase  all  Impressions  that  may  have 
been  made  to  our  hurt,  We  humbly  Address  your  L^'ship  for  an  explicit 
account  of  y"  Duty  of  the  Assistant  (and  as  it  appears  he  has  been 
always  call'd  by  severall  of  Bishop  Compton's  Ltres,  etc.,  in  our  'till 
very  lately,  or  afternoon-Preacher  or  Lecturer),  that  we  may  conduct 
ourselves  accordingly,  being  fully  satisfied  from  the  great  Opinion  we 
have  of  y'  Lordship's  Paternal  goodness  y'  your  Lordship  will  have  a 
most  tender  regard  for  our  Infant  Church,  planted  here  in  the  midst  of 
disafected  Seperatists,  and  not  Suffer  matters  of  an  Indifferent  nature  in 
y^  least  to  Obstruct  her  Welfare  and  Prosperity.  As  to  what  he  would 
Insinuate  to  your  L^'ship,  in  order  to  represent  us  as  contentious  people, 
that  he  lived  in  perfect  Harmony  with  y^  People  of  his  former  Church  at 
Scittuate  and  Salem,  We  shall  forbear  to  trouble  y'  L<^ship  with  anything 
that  may  Glance  upon  his  Conduct  towards  them  any  farther  than  to  say. 


REV.  CHAS.    BROCKVVELL,  AFTERNOOxN    PREACHER.     33 

that  the  Case  is  very  different  from  what  he  would  have  yf  L'^ship  believe 
it  to  be.  As  we  think  that  y""  Minutes  of  y"  proceedings  in  this  Affair 
enter'd  in  our  Books  may  farther  Contribute  to  show  it  to  your  L^'ship  in 
its  true  Colour,  We  have  inclosed  a  Copy  of  them.  We  are,  w'  great 
Respect,  y'  L'^ships 

Most  Dutif :  and  Obed!  hum  :  Serv'f, 

H:  Caner,  Minister,  Job  Lewis. 

J.  Gordon  and  )  ^y     ,5          Silv"^  Gardiner. 

J.  Box,  )  ■'         Char.  Apthorp. 

Henry  Frankland.  J^  Forbes. 

Jon'*  Pue.  ]n°  Gibbins. 

George  Craddock.  Edw°  Tyng. 

Eliak  :  Hutchinson. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  Bishop's  answer  is  not  preserved, 
but  the  result  shows  that  he  must  have  acquiesced  in  the  wish 
of  the  congregation  if,  indeed,  he  lived  to  receive  their  letter 
before  his  death  in  the  same  year. 

Mr.  Brockwell  was  interested  in  other  things  outside  his 
church.  He  was  an  ardent  Freemason.  A  visitor  to  Boston,^ 
Oct.  10,  1750,  "went  to  M^  Stones,  where  Lodge  was  held,  and 
Parson  Brockwell  Presided  in  the  Chair."  The  only  sermon 
published  by  him  was  one  addressed  to  that  Fraternity,  recom- 
mending "Brotherly  Love,"  in  which  he  says :  ^  — 

"'  Whoever  is  an  Upright  Mason  can  neither  be  an  Atheist,  Deist,  or 
Libertine.  ...  I  have  had  the  Honour  of  being  a  member  of  this  Ancient 
and  Honourable  Society  many  years,  have  sustained  many  of  its  offices, 
and  can  and  do  aver,  in  this  sacred  place,  and  before  the  Grand  Archi- 
tect of  the  World,  that  I  never  could  observe  aught  therein  but  what 
was  justifiable  and  commendable  according  to  the  strictest  rules  of 
Society." 

When,  however,  it  came  to  the  question  of  practising  on  the 
principles  of  this  sermon  in  regard  to  other  Christian  churches, 
the  Afternoon  Preacher  declared  himself  of  the  straitest  sect 
of  separatists,  and  would  not  so  much  as  enter  one  of  their 
houses  of  worship ;  while  his  Rector  and  his  congregation  did 

1  Capt.  F.  Goelet's  visit  to  America  Brockwell^  KM..,  YW's,  Majesty's  Chaplain 
in  1746-50.  N.  E.  Hist,  and  Geneal.  in  Boston.  Publislied  at  the  Request  o£ 
Reg.  xxiv.  55.  the  Society. 

-The  full  title  is  "■Brotherly  Loz'e  Illud  amiciticB  sandmn  et  vencrabile  nomen. 
Recommended   in   a   Sermon    Preached  — Ovid. 

before  the  Ancient  and  Honourable  So-     — In  amicitiam  coeant  et  foedera  jungant. 
cietyof  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  in  — Virgil. 

CHRIST-Church,  Boston,  on  Wednesday,     Boston,  1750." 
the  27th  of  December,  1749.     By  Charles 
VOL.  II.  —  3 


34  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

not  scruple  to  accept  that  Christian  hospitality,  carrying  the 
liturgy  with  them. 

But  in  his  relations  to  King's  Chapel  he  was  doomed  to  other 
trials;  nor  did  his  salary  from  England  come  promptly.  He 
wrote  to  the  Bishop  of  London :  ^  — 

Boston,  N.  Engl°,  JanY  21,  1752. 

...  As  to  myself,  my  Lord,  my  circumstances  grow  daily  worse  and 
worse  ;  and  as  an  addition  to  my  misfortunes,  I  last  Saturday  lost  ray  only 
Negro,  who  but  9  months  ago  cost  me  ^35  Sterl. ;  so  that  within  12 
months  I  have  lost  2  Negroes,  who  cost  me  ^70  Sterl,  which,  together 
with  the  outstanding  year's  salary,  must  prodigiously  embarras  my  affairs 
soon  to  my  utter  ruin.  I  have  a  poor  wife,  violently  afflicted  with  the 
rheumatism,  and  both  lying  under  the  disorders  consequent  to  advancing 
years,  and  she  desirous  of  returning  home  from  the  gloomy  prospect  that 
presents  should  she  survive,  —  poverty  and  age  in  a  strange  land ;  in 
England  she  has  some  friends  to  relieve  these  distresses,  but  here,  alas  ! 
she  has  none.  So  that  if  in  your  Lordship's  gift  any  equivalent  should 
offer  in  any  obscure  corner  of  your  Diocese,  it  would  be  meer  charity 
to  bestow  it  upon  a  poor  unfortunate  man,  that  never  coveted  riches, 
nor  with  all  his  most  diligent  application  could  escape  poverty,  extreme 
poverty. 

Amid  these  forlorn  circumstances,  the  King's  Lecturer  did 
not  flinch  from  his  post  in  the  pulpit  when  the  Rector  fled  from 
the  small-pox  terror.^ 

The  last  mention  of  Mr.  Brockwell  in  the  Records  is  in  a  con- 
nection which  shows  that  the  relative  advantages  of  afternoon 
or  forenoon  preaching,  and  the  perplexities  of  his  troubled  life, 
vexed  him  no  longer. 

At  a  Vestry  of  Kings  Chapel  held  at  the  House  of  the  Rev^  M'  Caner, 
on  Wednesday,  Aug;  2o'I\  1755,  Call:^  on  Ace'  of  the  Death  of  the 
Rever'^  Mr  Charles  Brockwell,  who  died  on  Said  day  at  10  a  Clock  in 
the  Morning  — 

Voted,  That  the  Rev^  M'  Brockwell's  Funeral  Expences  be  paid  by  Sub- 
scription, and  that  the  Senior  Church  Warden  provide  for  the  Same  in 
as  frugal  and  decent  manner  as  possible. 

The  Register  of  Burials  records :  — 

1755.  Aug.  22.  Rev''  Charles  Brockwell,  Preacher  Assistant  at  King's 
Chapel,  59  Years. 

1  Church  Docs.  Mass.,  p.  441.  2  ^qq  post,  p.  107. 


REV.  CHAS.  BROCKWELL,  AFTERNOON    PREACHER. 


A  curious  comparison  of  the  changes  in  the  scale  of  expen- 
diture which  a  century  and  a  quarter  has  produced  may  be 
made  by  the  aid  of  the  grim 

Acco"  of  the  Funeral  Expence  of  the  Reverb  M'  Charies  Brockwell, 
August  2  2'i,  1755.1 

22  yd'  Bouibazeen  at  25/  p 
^3H  y*^-  Widow's  Crape  34/ 
6  yd'  Black  Tamy  13/. 

4  yd'  ditto  12 

14  yd?  Black  Silkperret  ©20" 
3^  oz.  Black  Sewing  Silk 

14  ydf  Black  Silk  Crape  @  20/ 

3/^  yd?  H  wide  Garlett  12    .     . 

a  gawse  fan  12/  abl'  paper  ditto  10/ 

3  yds.  Black  Ribband  19/6  d'  2  yd?  10/ 

I  bl^  gawsehandk.  36/  a  ditto  30/       .     . 

I  pr.  Worn'  Bf'  Shamy  glo''  35/  a  pr'  do.  18/ 

I  pair  BP  Shamy  Shoes  and  a  p'  Cloggs 
I  pair  Black  Russell  Shoes 

1  pf  Worn.  BP  Woost-'  hose  45/  a  p^  d°  30/ 
H  yd.  wide  Black  alamoad  at  35/       .     .     . 

2  pair  mourning  Buckles  1 2/  p      .... 


4H  yd'  BP  germ"  Sarge  for  the  Coffin  @  40/ 
3  yd'  yd.  w'l  wlV  flannell  26      ... 
8  pair  Mens  Black  Glazil  gloves  iS/  . 
8  pair  Worn?'  Best  white  Kidd  d"  25/ 
8  pair  Mens  wh'  L"  for  the  porters  1 2/ 
20  yd?  hatband  Crape  12/   .     .     . 


£    s. 

^. 

.    27. 10. 

00 

•    23.  03. 

03 

.   3-  18. 

00 

2.  08. 

00 

.   I.  03. 

04 

I.  01. 

00 

^59- 

03- 

07 

.  14.  00. 

00 

2.  02. 

00 

I,  02. 

00 

I.  09. 

06 

3.  06. 

00 

2.  13. 

00 

24. 

12. 

06 

5.  00. 

00 

2.  09. 

00 

•   3-  15- 
I.  06. 

00 
03 

I.  04. 

00 

13- 

14. 

03 

•   9-  05- 

00 

.   3.  18. 

00 

7.  04. 

00 

10.  00. 

00 

4.  16. 

00 

12.  00. 

00 

47- 

03- 

00 

^  "  It  is  recorded  in  the  Probate 
Office,  that  at  the  funeral,  in  1678,  of 
Mrs.  Mary  Norton,  widow  of  the  cele- 
brated John  Norton,  one  of  the  ministers 
of  the  First  Church  in  Boston,  515^  gal- 
lons of  the  best  Malaga  wine  were  con- 
sumed by  'the  mourners;'  in  1685,  at 
the  funeral  of  Rev.  Thos.  Cobbett,  min- 
ister at  Ipswich,  there  were  consumed 
one  barrel  of  wine  and  two  barrels  of 
cider ;  '  and  as  it  was  cold,'  there  was 
some  spice  and  ginger  for  the  cider.  .  .  . 
Affairs  had  come  to  such  a  pass,  that 
in  1742  the  General  Court  forbade  the 
use   of   wine  and   rum   at   funerals  "  — 


Theodore  Parker,  Sermon  on  The  Moral 
Condition  of  Boston,  in  his  Discourses  of 
Social  Science,  p.   134. 

"  It  was  a  common  custom  to  give 
pall-holders,  and  others  attending  fu- 
nerals, white  leather  gloves,  and  subse- 
quently black  ones  on  like  occasions, 
till  "  about  the  beginning  of  this  century. 

"...  Since,  it  has  been  the  practice 
of  some  families  to  present  the  clergy- 
man with  a  pair  of  black  silk  gloves."  — 
Rev.  J.  B.  Felt,  on  the  Customs  of  New 
England,  in  N.  E.  Hist,  and  Geneal.  Reg., 
vi-  33- 


36  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

£     s.    d. 

Brought  forward £^^^'  13-  04 

Yz  Lb.  Tobacco  and  a  dozen  pipes    ....       o.  12.  06 
6  Bottles  Wine 2.  10.  00 

paid  makeing  M"  Brockwell  and  the  maids  clo.       8.  13.  00 
paid  Mr  Roberts  makeing  the  Cofifin      ...       9.  00.  00 

paid  the  porters  bill 10.  01.  00 

Paid  Mr  Drowns  bill  for  plates,  etc 16.13.00 

47.  09.  06 

;^i92.  02.  10 
Subscript"     .     .  £^2>o.  05.  00 
61.  17.  10 

£\()2.  02.  10 

Mr.  Brockwell's  report  of  his  limited  means  is  borne  out  by 
the  inventory  of  his  effects,  returned  by  Henry  Liddel,  admin- 
istrator, amounting  to  ^^114.  16.  ii>^.  Among  comfortable 
house- furnishings  we  find  — 

1  China  Bowl  and  i  Punch  Strainer. 

2  Small  Japan'd  Salvers. 

3  Wine  Glasses. 
295  Voll.  Books  — 

while  the  list  of  his  wardrobe  helps  us  to  picture  the  clergy- 
man of  the  time  both  in  public  and  in  private  costume :  — 

£     s.  d. 

I  New  hat  and  Box 10.  00.  00 

I  hat  8;^.     I  hat  40/ 

I  Wig  and  Box  i  o^.     2  Wiggs  and  Boxes 4.  00.  00 

I  New  Cloth  Gown  and  Cassock 40.  00.  00 

I  Prunella  Do 15.  00.  00 

I  Great  Coat  5^.     2  P'  Shoes 2.  00.  00 

I  Surtout  Coat 2.  05.  00 

I  Banyan 3.  00.  00 

I  Blew  Coat  ^£.     i  morning  gown  45/ 7.  05.  00 

1  Gown 5.  00.  00 

2  Jackets  and  2  P'  breeches 9.  00.  00 

I  Silk  Jacket 6.  00.  00 

I  Pf  Velvet  Breeches 4.  00.  00 

I  P'.  Boots  and  Spurs 5-  00.  00 

8  Bands  20/,  etc.  etc 

In  all  this  there  is  much  to  remind  us  pathetically  of  the  close 
of  Dr.  Harward's  life  a  few  years  before.     To  the  clouds  of 


REV.  CHAS.  BROCKWELL,  AFTERNOON    PREACHER.     ^J 

infirmity,  the  cheerless  prospect  of  poverty  and  old  age,  the 
angel  of  death  came  as  a  friend,  and  the  Englishman  who  had 
lived  here  as  "  a  stranger  and  pilgrim  "  went  home  to  "  a  better 
country,  even  an  heavenly."  One  glimpse  of  early  social  sur- 
roundings which  would  have  entitled  him  to  prospects  of  far 
more  brilliant  worldly  success  than  he  attained,  is  afforded  by  a 
note  in  an  ancient  copy  of  the  Scriptures^  which  in  his  last 
illness  he  presented  to  Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner,  saying,  "  Doctor, 
you  have  been  very  kind  at  all  times  to  me  and  my  family,  and 
have  attended  us  and  administered  medicine  to  us  from  time  to 
time  without  charging  or  taking  anything  from  us  therefor.  I 
have  nothing  to  recompense  you  with ;  but  to  show  my  respect 
and  gratitude  as  far  as  I  can,  permit  me  to  request  you  to  take 
care  of  this  Bible,  and  in  my  name  present  it  to  your  son  John 
when  he  returns  from  Glasgow.  I  value  it  very  much.  It  was 
given  to  my  father  by  King  Charles  the  First,  who  presented 
it  to  him  with  his  own  hand,  after  having  taken  it  down  from  a 
shelf  in  his  library,  when  my  father  was  there  with  the  royal 
martyr." 

The  old  Ledger  notes  other  facts  of  interest :  — 

1748.     Dr.  Gibson  BP  of  London  died.     Dr.  Tho^  Sherlock  Succeeds. 
Sepf  1750.     Ruleau  Sexton  taken  blind  and  could  not  officiate, 
and  James  Hewit  officiates  in  his  room. 
1752.     the  Pious  and  Virtuous  Consort  of  the  Rev"*  M"^  Caner  died  the 
1 2  day  of  Febr : 
August  20'''  the  Rever*^  M'  Brockwel  died  and  was  buried  the  22''. 

1 746.  Apr'  2.  p*^  Mf  Gibbs  For  painting  the  Govern"  Arms     £,     s.    d. 

over  his  Pew 13.  00.  00 

Decem'  22.     To  Cash  p'^  Burbeon,  who  carried  a 

Letter  to  y"  Revf  W.  Caner  and  bro'  his  Answer,  etc.       2.  00.  00 

1747.  June    14.     No  Contribution   gatherd   this   Sunday, 

there  being  a  Collection  made  Solely  for  y^  Bene- 
fit of  y^  Revf  Ml'  Caner  Our  Minister  (  Vide  Vote 
of  y"  Vestry  of  4  Inst :),  when  there  was  Collected 

at  y^  Chapel 167.  06.  01 

w"*"  was  deliverd  him  by  the  Wardens,  the  Ordi- 
nary Contribution  being  deferrd  till  next  Sunday. 
Octob  14.     By  a  Moydore  ^  of  Gov'  Knowles      .     .     13.  10.  00 

1  In  the  Harvard  College  Library.  the    British  navy  in  1716;   commander, 

2  A  Portuguese  gold  coin,  equal  to  1727;  captain,  1737;  served  with  dis- 
£1  6s.  sterling.  Admiral  Sir  Charles  tinction  in  the  West  Indies ;  governor  of 
Knowles,  Bart.,  one  of  the  most  bril-  Cape  Breton,  1746;  rear-admiral  of  the 
liant  naval  officers  of  his  time,  was  a  white,  1747;  rear-admiral  of  the  red, 
natural  son  of  the  Earl  of  Bambury,  1748;  governor  of  Jamaica,  1752-56; 
born  1702,  died  Nov.  30,  1777;  entered  rear-admiral   of   the   blue   and    admiral 


38  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

The  ministry  which  Mr.  Caner  and  Mr.  Brockwell  had  for 
eight  years  shared  was  now  left  in  the  hands  of  the  rector  alone. 
Meantime  his  zeal  and  aptitude  for  affairs,  with  the  generous 
support  of  his  people  in  his  plans,  had  wrought  great  things 
for  King's  Chapel,  and  a  new  order  of  things  had  been  accom- 
plished in  the  erection  of  its  new  and  nobler  house  of  prayer. 
The  town  itself  remained  nearly  the  same  in  population  as 
earlier  in  the  century.  A  census  taken  in  December,  1742,^ 
enumerated  "Souls,  16,382;  Houses,  1,717;  Warehouses,  166; 
Negroes,  1,374;  Horses,  418;  Cows,  141;  no  Persons  in  the 
Almshouse;  36  in  the  Work  House;  1,200  Widows,  and  1,000 
of  them  poor."  Thus  heavy  losses  by  war  had  burdened  the 
town  with  many  helpless  persons.  In  religious  customs  Boston 
retained  a  profound  Puritan  impress,  with  which  the  grave  char- 
acter of  the  minister  of  the  King's  Chapel  was  not  in  disaccord. 
A  pleasing  description  of  the  town  at  this  time  is  given  by 
a  traveller,  on  whom,  however,  its  austere  habits  made  a  serious 
impression :  ^  — 

"There  are  three  Episcopal  churches,  one  of  which  is  called  the 
King's  Chapel,  and  has  a  handsome  organ  and  a  magnificent  seat  for 
the  Governor,  who  goes  to  this  place  when  of  the  Church  of  England ; 
and  there  are  nine  Independent  meeting-houses,  one  Anabaptist  meet- 
ing, one  Quaker's  meeting,  and  one  French  Church.  There  are  sixty 
streets,  forty-one  lanes,  and  eighteen  alleys,  besides  squares,  courts,  etc. 
The  streets  are  well  paved  and  lying  upon  a  descent.  The  town  is  for 
the-  generality  as  dry  and  clean  as  any  I  ever  remember  to  have  seen. 
When  we  were  upon  the  sea,  that  part  of  the  town  which  lies  about  the 

of  the  white,  1755;  admiral  of  the  killed  and  wounded;  that  he  took  two 
blue  and  admiral  of  the  white ;  bar-  French  ships  with  one  regiment  of  Fitz 
onet,  October,  1765 ;  rear-admiral  of  James  on  board,  consisting  of  six  hun- 
the  navies  and  seas  of  Great  Uritain,  dred  and  thirty  men  (in  1745),  going  to 
as  successor  to  Lord  Hawke,  Novem-  Scotland,  and  beat  back  three  other  ships 
ber,  1765.  He  entered  the  service  of  with  Lord  Clare's  regiment,  into  Dun- 
the  Empress  Catherine  with  the  con-  kirk,  —  which  service  his  Royal  High- 
sent  of  his  own  Government,  and  re-  ness,  the  late  Duke  of  Cumberland,  often 
constructed  the  Russian  navy,  1770-74.  acknowledged  facilitated  his  victory  at 
From  this  service  he  returned  a  poor  Culloden  ;  that  in  the  late  war  he  drew 
man,  having  been  dropped  from  his  up  the  original  plans  for  attacking  Sene- 
rank  in  the  British  navy  and  deprived  gal,  Goree,  Louisbourg,  Martinique,  and 
of  his  half-pay.  His  memorial  to  the  the  Havana,  by  which  plans  and  the 
Government  for  arrears  of  pay  states,  intelligence  he  furnished,  all  these  places 
"That  he  had  been  in  thirteen  gen-  wexetzlien"  tic— N.  E.  Hist,  and  Geft. 
eral  actions  during  the  wars  that  had  Reg.,  xxviii.,  45S,  et  seq. 
happened  within  his  time,  and  com-  ^  3  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  i.  152. 
manded  in  six  himself.  In  that  of  La  ^  Benne't's  History  of  New  England 
Guira  and  Porto  Cavallo,  out  of  six  [in  1740],  in  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proc, 
ships  he  lost  nearly  six  hundred  men,  1860-62,  p.  no. 


REV.  CHAS.  BROCKWELL,  AFTERNOON  PREACHER.  39 

harl)or  appeared  to  us  in  the  form  of  a  crescent,  or  half  moon ;  and  the 
country,  rising  gradually  from  it,  afforded  us  a  pleasant  prospect  of 
the  neighboring  fields  and  woods. 

"  Their  observation  of  the  sabbath  (which  they  rather  choose  to  call 
by  the  name  of  the  Lord's  Day,  whensoever  they  have  occasion  to  men- 
tion it),  —  it  is  the  strictest  kept  that  ever  I  yet  saw  anywhere.  On  that 
day  no  man,  woman,  or  child  is  permitted  to  go  out  of  town  on  any 
pretence  whatsoever  ;  nor  can  any  that  are  out  of  town  come  in  on  the 
Lord's  Day.  The  town  being  situated  on  a  peninsula,  there  is  but  one 
way  out  of  it  by  land ;  which  is  over  a  narrow  neck  of  land  at  the  south 
end  of  the  town,  which  is  enclosed  by  a  fortification,  and  the  gates  shut 
by  way  of  prevention.  There  is  a  ferry,  indeed,  at  the  north  end  of  the 
town ;  but  care  is  taken  by  way  of  prevention  there  also.  But  if  they 
could  escape  out  of  the  town  at  either  of  these  places,  it  would  n't 
answer  their  end ;  for  the  same  care  is  taken  all  the  country  over  to 
prevent  travelling  on  Sundays.  .  .  .  They  will  not  suffer  any  one  to  walk 
down  to  the  water-side,  though  some  of  the  houses  are  adjoining  to  the 
several  wharfs ;  nor  even  in  the  hottest  days  of  summer  will  they  admit 
of  any  one  to  take  the  air  on  the  Common,  which  lies  contiguous  to  the 
town,  as  Moorfields  does  to  Finsbury.  And  if  two  or  three  people,  who 
meet  one  another  in  the  street  by  accident,  stand  talking  together,  —  if 
they  do  not  disperse  immediately  upon  the  first  notice,  they  are  liable  to 
fine  and  imprisonment ;  and  I  believe  whoever  it  be  that  incurs  the 
penalties  on  this  account  are  sure  to  feel  the  weight  of  them.  But  that 
which  is  the  most  extraordinary  is,  that  they  commence  the  sabbath  from 
the  setting  of  the  sun  on  the  Saturday  evening ;  and,  in  conformity  to 
that,  all  trade  and  business  ceases,  and  every  shop  in  the  town  is  shut 
up  ;  even  a  barber  is  finable  for  shaving  after  that  time.  Nor  are  any  of 
the  taverns  permitted  to  entertain  company  ;  for  in  that  case  not  only 
the  house,  but  every  person  found  therein,  is  finable." 

Quiet  as  the  town  was  in  its  Sabbath  repose,  however,  it 
was  capable  of  a  frightful  outburst  of  fury.  Not  long  after  the 
reduction  of 
Louisburg  by 
an  army  of  Pro- 
vincial troops 
had  raised  the 
independent 
self-  confidence 
of  the  people  to 

a  high  pitch,  Commodore  Charles  Knowles,  who  had  been  Gov- 
ernor of  Cape  Breton,  returning  in  1747  from  the  captured  city 
in  command  of  a  fleet,  distinguished  himself  in  no  amiable 
fashion  in  the  provincial  port  of  Boston,  where  he  had   been 


40 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


welcomed  with  effervescent  loyalty.  While  awaiting  his  mer- 
chant convoy  some  of  his  seamen  deserted,  and  he  with  the  as- 
surance of  a  British  sailor  sent  a  press-gang  ashore,  —  as  he 
might  have  done  in  England,  and  as  had  been  done  at  other 
times  even  in  Boston,  —  and  kidnapped  men  working  on  the 
wharves  to  take  their  place.  A  tempest  straightway  arose ;  a 
mob  of  several  thousand  men  armed  with  chance  weapons  pa- 
raded the  streets,  seized  whatever  officers  of  the  squadron  they 
could  find  ashore,  and  overawed  the  civil  authorities  for  several 
days.  The  Commodore,  on  his  part,  was  equally  furious,  and 
threatened  to  bombard  the  town,  and  only  with  much  difficulty 
was  persuaded  by  the  Governor  to  release  his  impressed  men 
and  to  take  his  ships  out  of  Boston  harbor  for  England,  leaving 
behind  him  a  token  of  his  Christian  spirit  in  a  subscription 
toward  the  rebuilding  of  King's  Chapel,  to  be  acknowledged  by 
minister,  wardens,  and  vestry,  in  a  glowing  letter  of  thanks.^ 


1  See  post,  p.  51.  Governor  Shirley- 
issued  a  proclamation  for  the  arrest  of  the 
rioters,  Nov.  21,  1747  :  "  Whereas  within 
these  few  Days  past  there  has  been  a 
notorious  and  dangerous  Insurrection  in 
the  Town  of  Boston,  of  a  great  Number 
of  Seamen  and  other  lewd  and  profligate 
Persons,  who  being  arm'd  with  Cutlasses 
and  other  Weapons,  contrary  to  the 
Peace  of  our  Sovereign  Lord  the  King, 
and  in  Terror  of  his  liege  People,  did  in 
a  tumultuous  and  outragious  Manner 
beset  the  Province  House  and  offered  to 
break  into  it,  and  there  to  seize  divers 
Officers  belonging  to  his  Majesty's  Navy, 
who  had  retired  thither  for  their  Safety, 
and  also  wounded  the  Sheriff  of  the 
County  of  Suffolk  when  in  the  Execu- 
tion of  his  Office,  and  surrounded  the 
Court  House  in  the  Evening  while  the 
General  Court  were  sitting,  with  other 
outragious  Insults  on  the  Authority  of 
this  Government,"  etc.  —  Weekly  Post- 
Boy,  Nov.  23,  1747. 

The  following  correspondence  be- 
tween Josiah  Willard,  Secretary  of  the 
Province,  and  Admiral  Knowles  (Mass. 
Archives,  liii.  231,  232),  shows  to  ad- 
vantage both  the  God-fearing  Puritan 
and  the  bluff  English  sailor:  — 

Sir,  —  I  doubt  not  but  you  will  con- 
descend to  allow  me  the  Freedom  to 
acquaint  you  with  my  Grief  and  Surprize 
to  hear  the  Name  of  God  prophaned 
yesterday.     It  seems  to  me  a  great  Un- 


happiness  that  the  distinguished  Repu- 
tation you  enjoy  (and  I  believe  very 
justly)  of  a  publick,  self-denying  Spirit 
and  generous  Love  to  your  Country,  and 
those  Abilitys  of  Mind  which  render 
these  Vertues  in  a  Gentleman  of  your 
high  Rank  eminently  useful  to  Mankind, 
should  be  in  any  Degree  impaired  by 
such  a  Practice.  I  presume  you  have 
observed  the  Sense  which  the  Legislature 
of  Great  Britain  has  expressed  of  this 
too  common  Evil  in  their  late  Act  for 
suppressing  it.  Because  the  Rules  of 
Hospitality  might  seem  to  forbid  my 
interposing  in  this  Case,  yet  I  may  tho 
with  the  greatest  Modesty  and  Humility, 
I  have  rather  chosen  this  Method  to  dis- 
charge my  indispensible  Duty  as  well  to 
you  as  to  that  glorious  Being  upon  whom 
I  depend  for  every  Moment  of  my  Exist- 
ence and  for  every  Blessing  which  I 
enjoy,  and  at  whose  awful  Tribunal  I 
must  very  soon  appear  to  receive  the 
decisive  Sentence  of  my  eternal  State. 
I  have  the  utmost  Confidence  of  your 
Goodness  to  excuse  this  Liberty.  I  re- 
main with  great  respect  and  with  sincere 
desires  of  your  best  Prosperity,  Sir, 
Your  most  humble,  etc. 

[J.  Willard]. 

Boston,  April  -p-y,  1747. 
Sir,  —  I   have   the    favour   of    your 
letter,  and  beg  to  assure  you  I  recieve 
your  kind  admonitions  w".*'  great  candor, 


REV.  CHAS.  BROCKWELL,  AFTERNOON  PREACHER. 


41 


In  such  a  place,  still  substantially  unchanged  in  the  Puritan 
mark  which  its  founders  had  left  indelibly  upon  it,  and  stirring 
with  a  spirit  uneasy  under  control  and  soon  to  ripen  into  a 
revolutionary  temper,  the  new  church  arose,  to  symbolize  by 
the  massive  walls  which  made  it  as  a  cathedral  amid  the  simpler 
structures  around  it,  and  by  its  stately  service,  a  type  of  religion 
which  hoped  to  blend  a  gentler  spirit  with  the  rigidity  of  Calvin- 
ism, while  dominating  the  metropolis  of  New  England  as  with 
a  visible  sign  of  the  presence  of  the  English  Church  and  the 
supremacy  of  the  British  Crown. 


as  I  perswade  myself  You  intended  it ; 
and  am  truly  sorry  I  should  transgress 
the  Great  Comands  of  Our  Maker,  as 
well  as  the  Laws  of  Hospitality.  Permit 
me  to  assure  you  I  have  as  great  an  Ab- 
horence  of  the  Crime  as  any  man  living 
has  ;  and  tho  I  cannot  charge  my  memory 
with  the  particular  subject  I  might  do  it 
upon,  Yet  I  am  perswaded  it  must  have 
Slipp'd  from  me,  or  You  could  not  have 
laid  it  to  my  Charge.     However,  do  me 


the  Justice,  Sr  ,  to  believe  that  it  is  not  a 
common  Practice  with  me,  and  that  I 
stand  convicted,  and  shall  have  a  more 
Watchfull  regard  for  the  future. 

I  sincerely  thank  You  for  Your  good 
Opinion  of  me  and  kind  Wishes,  and  beg 
to  assure  You  I  entertain  the  Same  Sen- 
timents towards  You  ;  and  am  with  great 
truth.  Sir,  Your  Most  Obed'.  Humble  Ser^ 
Cha?  Knowles. 

JOSIAH  WiLLARD,  ESQ. 


FAC-SIMILE  FROM  THE  COVER  OF  CHURCH   PRAYER-BOOK. 


CHAPTER    XIV. 


THE   NEW   CHURCH.     174S-1754. 


./> 


ITH  Mr.  Caner's  accession  to  its  ministry,  the  parish 
evidently  felt  that  a  new  era  had  begun,  and  the 

strong  hand  of  an  able, 
energetic  man  was  soon  per- 
ceived to  be  shaping  the 
policy  of  the  church.  He 
had  been  inducted  in  April, 
1 747,  and  within  five  months 
the  idea  of  building  a  new  church 
was  actively  stirring  the  good-will 
of  his  people.  The  plan  did  not, 
however,  originate  with  Mr.  Caner. 
It  had  already  been  proposed  six 
years  before,  as  the  church  was 
dilapidated  from  fifty  years'  service, 
to  rebuild  it  of  stone.  A  sub- 
scription was  set  on  foot,  headed  by 
William  Shirley,  Esq.,  Senior  Warden, 
who  was  about  the  same  time  appointed 
Governor  of  the  Province,  and  Henry 
Frankland,  Esq.,  Collector  of  Customs  ;  while 
Peter  Faneuil,  Esq.,  who  was  at  this  time  erect- 
ing his  munificent  free  gift  to  the  town  of  Bos- 
ton of  a  public  market-place  and  hall  (to  be 
later  known  as  "the  Cradle  of  Liberty"),  was 
chosen  treasurer.  But  little  more  than  half  of  the  requisite 
sum  had  been  subscribed 
when  Mr.  Faneuil  died, 
and  the  affair  stood  still 
until  Mr.  Caner  woke  it 
to  life.  Through  opposi- 
tion, financial  embarrass- 
ments, and  baffling  delays, 
the  plan  steadily  moved  forward  to  completion,  and  a  special 


THE    NEW   CHURCH. 


43 


record  was  kept  for  the  benefit  of  posterity.  This  interesting 
document  deserves  to  be  reproduced  here,  omitting  only  such 
portions  as  are   merely  repetitions. 

A  Record  of  Votes,  Resolutions,  etc.,  together  with  some  brief  Memoirs 
of  the  Transactions  relating  to  the  rebuilciijig  King's  Chapel  in 
Boston. 

King's  Chapel  in  Boston,  first  erected  of  Wood  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  1688,  and  afterwards  enlarged  Anno  1710,  being  found  in  the 
year  1741  in  a  State  of  considerable  decay,  it  was  proposed  to  rebuild 
it  with  Stone.  The  Rev^  Mr.  Roger  Price  was  at  that  Time  Minister, 
and  Will"!  Shidey,  Esq.  (about  the  same  Time  also  appointed  Govf  of 
the  Province),  and  Mr.  Sam!  Wentworth,  Wardens.  A  voluntary  Sub- 
scription was  to  this  Purpose  set  on  foot,  and  Peter  Faneuil,  Esq', 
chosen  Treasurer  for  receiving  and  paying  the  Sums  that  should  be 
collected  for  the  new  Building.  A  Copy  of  said  Subscription  is  as 
follows,  viz! :  — 

A  List  of  the  Subscribers  towards  rebuilding  the  King's  Chapel  in  Boston  ; 
the  Subscription  Money  to  be  paid  into  the  Hands  of  Peter  Faneuil, 
Esq',  in  three  equal  Payments  ;  the  first  Payment  to  be  made  when 
;^i 0,000  shall  be  subscribed,  the  second  in  six  Months  after  the  Work 
is  begun,  the  third  in  Six  Months  after  the  second  Payment.  The 
Building  to  be  of  Stone  and  to  cost  ^25,000,  in  Bills  of  Credit  of  the 
old  Tenor. 

William  Shirley,  Esq',  Sterling  money ;^ioc) 

Henry  Frankland,  Sterling  money 50 

Edwrl'  Tyng,  Bills  of  the  old  Tenor 100 

EHakim  Hutchinson,  of  the  old  Ten' 200 

Charles  Apthorp,  of  the  old  Tenor 200 

Henry  Caswall,  of  the  old  Ten!" 200 

John  Gibbins,  of  the  old  Ten' 100 

James  Gordon,  of  the  old  Tenor 200 

James  Smith,  of  the  old  Tenor 200 

Robert  Lightfoot,  old  Tenor 100 

Tho'  Hawding,  old  Tenor 150 

Cha^  Paxton,  old  Tenor 100 

Sam!  Wentworth,  old  Tenor 200 

Peter  Faneuil,  Two  hundred  Pounds  Sterling 200 

As  the  Conditional  Sum  for  entring  upon  the  Building  was  not  at  this 
Time  fully  subscribed,  a  Neglect  to  prosecute  the  Affair  with  suitable 
Vigor,  The  Death  of  the  Treasurer,  which  soon  after  followed,  and  from 
whose  Abilities  considerable  Expectations  had  been  form'd,  put  a  Damp 
upon  the  good  Design  and  occasioned  its  being  laid  aside  for  some 
Time. 


44 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


In  the  Year  1747,  Mr  Price  having  resign'd  and  Mr  Caner  chosen  to 
succeed  him,  the  Affair  was  again  resum'd.  Some  were  of  Opinion  that 
rebuilding  was  now  quite  necessary,  as  the  Chapel  was  now  much  more 
gone  to  Decay ;  that  it  would  be  throwing  away  Money  to  attempt  to 
repair  it.  Others  objected  it  would  be  better  to  tarry  till  a  Peace,  as  the 
War  had  raised  the  Price  of  Materialls,  and  rendered  building  very  ex- 
pensive. To  this  it 
was  reply'd  that  the 
great  Number  of  Offi- 
cers of  the  Army  and 
Navy  who  reside  here 
during  the  War  would 
more  than  balance  that 
Diiificulty,  as  they  might 
reasonably  be  expected 
to  lend  their  Assistance. 
In  order  to  a  prudent 
Judgment  how  far  the 
Congregation  might  of 
themselves  be  able  to 
go  on  with  the  Work, 
Mr  Caner,  W.  Apthorp, 
and  Df  Gibbins  made 
two  private  Lists  of  Sub- 
scriptions which  they 
supposed  the  People 
might  be  able  and 
would  be  willing  to 
comply  with.  This 
amounted  to  about  ^20,000,  w'^''  Sum  it  was  imagin'd  might  accomplish 
the  Walls  of  a  Brick  Building,  and  the  Assistance  that  might  be  expected 
from  abroad  it  was  thought  would  bring  it  to  a  Condition  fit  for  Use ; 
and  as  to  the  finishing,  that  might  be  very  well  left  to  Time  and  future 
Ability. 

After  communicating  this  to  the  Wardens,  sundry  of  the  Vestry,  and 
others,  a  Meeting  was  proposed,  to  which  also  his  Excellency  Govf 
Shidey  concurr'd  and  advis'd,  in  order  to  agree  upon  a  Method  of  re- 
viving and  prosecuting  the  old  Subscription.  Accordingly  a  voluntary 
Meeting  was  agreed  on  and  held  at  the  House  of  the  Rev?  Mr.  Caner, 
at  which  were  present  His  Excellr  Govr  Shirley,  S"'  Henry  Frankland, 
The  two  Wardens,  Eliakim  Hutchinson,  Thos.  Lechmere,  and  Charles 
Apthorp,  Esq?,  Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner,  and  M!^  James  Smith.  W.  Caner 
having  previously  drawn  up  a  Subscription,  after  some  Amendments  it 

1  These  autographs  are  taken  from  town,  March  14,  1747/8,  and  are  given 
the  petition  of  the  Minister,  Wardens,  here  by  the  courtesy  of  the  publishers  of 
and  Vestry  to  the  Freeholders  of  the     the  "  Memorial  History  of  Boston." 


THE    NEW   CHURCH. 


45 


was  agreed  to  and  subscribed  by  all  that  were  present.     Of  this  Sub- 
scription the  following  is  a  true  Copy  :  ^  — 

"  \Miereas  a  Subscription  was  some  Time  ago  begun  by  his  Excellency 
Will'"  Shirley,  Esq",  Sf  Henry  Frankland,  Peter  Faneuil,  Esq',  and  others, 
for  rebuilding  King's  Chapel  in  Boston ;  and  whereas  the  said  Peter 
Faneuil,  then  chosen  Treasurer  or  Receiver  to  the  said  Subscribers,  soon 
after  died  and  nothing  further  has  been  since  done  in  the  Affair, — 

"We  the  Subscribers,  upon  a  Representation  that  the  said  King's 
Chapel  is  now  much  more  gone  to  Decay  and  not  worth  the  Charge  of 
Repairs,  out  of  Regard  to  the  Honour  of  God  and  the  more  decent 
Provision  for  his  publick  Worship,  and  for  confirming  and  further  pro- 
moting the  said  Subscription  heretofore  begun,  DO  hereby  severally 
promise  and  oblige  ourselves,  our  Heirs,  Execut",  and  Adml'  to  pay  at 
or  before  the  last  day  of  September  next  ensuing  the  Date  hereof,  in 
quarterly  Payments,  unto  Charles  Apthorp,  Esqr,  hereby  appointed  Treas- 
urer to  us  the  Subscribers,  or  to  the  Treasurer  or  Treasurers  that  may  be 
hereafter  chosen  by  the  Majority  of  said  Subscribers,  towards  rebuilding 
the  said  Chapel,  the  several  Sums  annex'd  to  our  respective  Names ;  and 
we  do  hereby  also  further  invite  all  well  dispos'd  charitable  Persons  to 
whom  this  Subscription  of  ours  shall  be  made  known,  to  join  with  us  in 
the  good  Work  above  mentioned. 

"  Provided,  nevertheless,  that  in  Case  a  Sum  of  the  Value  of  Two 
Thousand  Pounds  Sterling  shall  not  be  raised  or  subscribed  towards  the 
building  of  the  Chapel  aforesaid  within  the  Space  of  One  Year  and  an 
half  from  the  Date  hereof,  then  the  Subscriptions  which  are  or  shall  be 
made  shall  be  void,  and  all  Sums  which  shall  be  paid  in  Consequence  of 
them  to  the  before-named  Treasurer  shall  be  refunded  to  the  Persons 
who  shall  have  paid  the  same,  their  Heirs,  Ex",  or  Admin".  Done  at 
Boston,  the  30^  Day  of  September,  1747. 

"  William  Shirley,  Two  Hundred  Pounds  Sterling. 

"  Tho!  Lechmere,  Thirty  Pounds  Sterling. 

"  H.  Frankland,  One  Hundred  and  fifty  Pounds  Sterling. 

"  James  Smith,  Thirty  Pounds  Sterling. 

"  Eliakim  Hutchinson,  Forty  Pounds  Sterling. 

"  Charles  Apthorp,  One  Thousand  Pounds  old  Tenf. 

"  James  Gordon,  Two  hundred  Pounds  old  Ten'. 

"  Silvester  Gardiner,  Thirty  Pounds  Sterling. 

"  John  Box,  Two  Hundred  Pounds  old  Tenor." 

This  Subscription  being  afterwards  handed  about  to  others  was  soon 
enlarged  to  a  considerable  Sum.     For  the  better  promoting  and  improv- 

1  See  list  appended  to  this  chapter,  building    King's    Chapel,    do    find    the 

The   list   of    subscriptions    is    summed  amount    of    said    Subscriptions    to    be 

up  :  —  Twenty  thousand  two  Hundred  sixty-five 

Boston,  March  27"?,  1748.  We  the  Pounds,  old  Ten^  Witness  our  Hands, 
subscribers,  having   this   day  examined  SiLV.  Gardiner. 

the    List   of   Subscriptions   towards   re-  Barlow  Trecotiiick. 


46 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


ino-  the  Design  so  well  begun,  it  was  propos'd  by  some  Gentlemen,  par- 
ticularly Dr.  Gibbins,  Mf  Cradock,  Apthorp,  and  Gardiner,  that  a  weekly 
Meetin^^  should  be  held  on  Tuesday  Evenings,  at  a  Publick  House,  in 
order  to  consult  and  concert  Measures  for  advancing  the  Design  in  hand 
and  for  addressing  Gentlemen  of  Interest  and  Ability  abroad.  At  this 
weekly  Meeting  it  was  proposed  that  every  well  Wisher  to  the  Affair 
should  be  desired  to  be  present.  Mf  Caner,  Apthorp,  Cradock,  Gibbins, 
Gardiner,  Gordon,  and  Lloyd  were  pretty  steady  Attendants.  Some 
others  occasionally  gave  their  Presence,  and  by  recommending  from  Time 
to  Time  the  above  Subscription  it  receiv'd  still  further  Enlargem*. 

Encourag'd  by  these  Proceedings,  it  was  moved  by  some  that  the 
Church  should  be  enlarged  as  well  as  rebuilt,  in  order  to  its  being  both 
more  uniform  and  capacious.  And  an  Address  to  the  Town  resolved  on 
for  Ground  to  effect  it. 

Not  to  lose  time  while  these  Things  were  in  Agitation,  sundry  Letters 
were  drawn  up  to  be  sent  abroad  to  ask  Assistance  of  well-disposed  Per- 
sons towards  carrying  on  the  good  Work,  particularly  the  following  Letter, 
signed  by  the  Minister,  Wardens,  and  Vestry,  was  sent  to  William  Vassall, 
Esqy  in  Jamaica  :  ^  — 


1  The  N.  E.  Hist,  and  Geneal.  Reg., 
xvii.  56,  113,  contains  a  full  account  of 
the  Vassalls  of  New  England,  by  E.  D. 
Harris.  See  also,  on  the  family  arms, 
"  Heraldic  Journal,"  ii.  17.  Their  an- 
cestor, John,  Alderman  of  London  in 
15SS,  was  descended  from  an  ancient 
French  family  which  has  been  traced 
back  to  the  nth  Century,  —  the  house 
of  Du  Vassall,  Barons  De  Guerden,  in 
Querci,  Perigor. 

William,  one  of  the  men  of  Kent  who 
founded  Scituate,  was  an  assistant  and 
one  of  the  original  patentees  of  N.  E. 
lands,  but  sailed  for  England  in  1646, 
to  protest  against  wrongs  in  our  Gov- 
ernment, never  returning  here.  His 
brother  Samuel,  whose  beautiful  monu- 
ment stands  in  King's  Chapel,  was  father 
of  John,  of  Jamaica,  who  had  sons, — 
(i),  William,  Father  of  Florentius  ;  (2), 
Major  Leonard,  bom  June  10,  1678.  He 
married  ( i ),  Ruth  Gale,  of  Jamaica,  by 
whom  he  had  17  children;  (2),  widow 
Phebe  Gross,  by  whom  he  had  one 
daughter.  He  died  in  Boston,  June  20, 
1737.  His  widow  afterwards  married 
(i),  Hon.  Thomas  Greaves,  of  Charles- 
town  (H.  C.  1703);  (2)  Francis  Bor- 
land, of  Boston. 

Major  Leonard  removed  to  Boston 
before  July  24,  1723,  when  his  daughter 
Mary  was  baptized  at  King's  Chapel. 
He   was    early   connected   with    Christ 


Church,  and  warden  in  1727.  He  sold 
the  land  on  which  Trinity  Church  was 
built  in  1730.  He  had  large  estates  in 
Braintree  and  in  Jamaica.  Among  his 
children  were, — 

(i)  Col.  John,  married  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Lt.-Gov.  Spencer  Phips, 
who  lived  in  Cambridge,  and  built  the 
Batchelder  house. 

(2)  William,  born  in  West  Indies 
Nov.  23,  1715  (H.  C.  1733),  married  (i), 
Ann  Davis,  by  whom  he  had  eleven  chil- 
dren, who  died  Jan.  26,  1760,  aet.  40,  and 
was  buried  in  Boston ;  (2),  Margaret 
Hubbard.  He  died  in  England,  May  8, 
I  Sod,  aet.  85.  His  father  gave  him  lands 
in  Jamaica  before  his  death  and  by  his 
will,  "  upon  this  Special  Proviso  and 
Condition,  .  .  .  that  he  go  before  two 
magistrates  either  during  my  Life  or  im- 
mediately after  my  Decease,  and  before 
them  solemnly  make  oath  that,  for  the 
future,  he  will  not  play  any  Game  what- 
soever to  the  value  of  Twenty  Shillings 
at  any  one  time."  He  lived  for  a  short 
time  in  Cambridge,  in  the  Waterhouse 
place ;  and  owned  Cooper  estate  on  Pem- 
berton  Hill,  and  land  near  Scollay's 
Buildings.  He  was  High  Sheriff  for 
Middlesex,  and  Mandamus  councillor  in 
1774.  He  was  many  years  connected 
with  King's  Chapel,  and  in  1785  pro- 
tested by  proxy  against  the  change  in  the 
liturgy  and  against  Freeman's  ordination. 


THE   NEW   CHURCH. 


47 


Boston,  Jan^  28'!',  1747  S. 

Sir,  —  As  the  ruinous  Condition  of  King's  Chapel  in  this  Town  is  very 
well  known  to  you,  who  have  generously  contributed  to  the  rebuilding 
of  it,  and  as  you  are  not  unacquainted  with  the  Inability  of  the  People 
to  go  thro'  with  so  chargeable  a  Work,  We  flatter  our  Selves  with  your 
further  kind  Assistance  in  applying  to  such  well  disposed  Gentlemen  of 
your  Acquaintance  in  Jamaica  whose  Ability,  Generosity,  or  Charity  point 
them  out  as  proper  to  be  applyed  to.  A  Violent  Storm  having  lately 
carried  off  a  large  part  of  the  Roof,  lays  us  under  a  Necessity  of  hast- 
ning  the  Work  with  all  possible  Expedition.  The  Subscriptions  already 
obtained  amount  to  about  i^i6oo  Sterling,  which  to  you  at  least  who 
well  know  our  Circumstances  is  an  Evidence  of  the  Readiness  and  Zeal 
of  the  People  in  this  Affair. 

We  have  upon  former  Occasions,  particularly  at  the  first  erecting  the 
Chapel,  experienc'd  the  Generosity  of  the  Gentlemen  in  the  West  India 


The  elder  Adams  praises  him  warmly, 
mentioning  as  his  only  fault  his  excessive 
garrulity.     He  was  banished  in  1778. 

(3)  Col.  Heni-y,  born  in  West  Indies 
Dec.  25, 1721  ;  married  Penelope,  daugh- 
ter of  Isaac  Royall,  Jan.  28,  1742;  died 
in  Cambridge  March  17,  1769;  buried  in 
the  vault  beneath  Christ  Church,  Cam- 
bridge. He  is  styled  in  a  deed  dated 
December,  1741  (when  he  bought  of  his 
brother  John  an  estate  in  Cambridge), 
"  Planter,  .  .  .  late  of  Jamaica,  but  now 
of  Boston."  He  was  one  of  the  earliest 
benefactors  of  Christ  Church,  and  his 
name  headed  the  petition  to  the  London 
Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in 
Foreign  Parts  for  aid  in  its  erection. 

(4)  Mary,  born  June  25, 1723 ;  baptized 
in  Boston,  July  24,  1723  ;  married  Jona- 
than Prescott  of  Boston,  March  10,  1747. 
It  is  probable  that  they  were  not  resi- 
dents of  Boston,  though  attendants  at 
King's  Chapel  when  here. 

Col.  John  Vassal!  had  born  at  Cam- 
bridge, (i)  Ruth,  born  July  14,  1737; 
married  Edward  Davis  May  20,  1756; 
died  at  Boston  Jan.  23,  1774;  buried  in 
William  Vassall's  tomb  under  King's 
Chapel,  afterwards  removed  to  the  Davis 
tomb.  (2)  John,  born  June  12,  1738  ; 
H.  C.  1757  ;  married  Elizabeth,  sister  of 
Lt.-Gov.  Thomas  Oliver.  He  lived  in 
the  Cragie-Longfellow  house,  became  a 
refugee,  and  carried  his  loyalty  so  far  as 
not  to  use  the  family  motto,  "  Saepe  pro 
rege,  semper  pro  republica."  (3)  Eliza- 
beth, born  Sept.  12,  1739;  married 
Thomas  Oliver  of  Dorchester,  June  11, 


1760;  he  was  the  last  loyal  Lieut.-Gov- 
ernor  of  Massachusetts.  They  lived  in 
the  Lowell  house,  Cambridge,  where 
Mr.  Harris  thinks  that  some  one  of  the 
wealthy  churchmen  had  an  English  chap- 
lain attached  to  his  family,  as  several  of 
the  marriages  and  baptisms  about  1740 
are  nowhere  recorded.  "  There  were 
churchmen  enough  residing  on  what  is 
now  called  Brattle  Street  to  give  it  the 
name  of  'Church  Row.'" 

Florentius,  great-grandson  of  Samuel, 
and  giver  of  his  monument  to  King's 
Chapel  in  1760,  was  born  in  Jamaica, 
married  Elizabeth ,  and  died  in  Lon- 
don, 1778.  Though  never  a  resident  of 
New  England,  he  owned  a  large  tract  of 
land  on  the  Kennebec.  In  his  will,  he 
styles  himself  "  late  of  Jamaica,  now  of 
Wimpole  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Mary-le- 
bone,  CO.  Middlesex,  Great  Britain."  The 
bulk  of  his  property  passed  eventually 
into  the  hands  of  his  granddaughter, 
Elizabeth  Vassall  (Holland),  except  the 
Maine  lands,  which  after  a  protracted 
lawsuit,  finally  decided  in  1851,  were  lost 
to  the  heirs  and  reverted  to  the  settlers. 
His  son  Richard  had  one  child,  Eliza- 
beth, born  1770;  married  Sir  Godfrey 
Webster;  divorced  June,  1797;  married 
Henry  Richard  Fox,  3d  Lord  Holland, 
July  9,  1797,  and  died  a  widow  in  Lon- 
don, Nov.  17,  1845.  ^^^  ^^^  brilliant, 
witty,  and  had  many  personal  graces. 
The  bulk  of  the  immense  fortune  be- 
queathed by  Florentius  came  to  her.  She 
left  ;^i,5oo  per  annum  to  Lord  John 
Russell,  and  ^C'oo  to  T.  B.  Macaulay. 


^8  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Islands,  and  their  Readiness  to  assist  their  Brethren  in  these  Parts  desti- 
tute of 'the  favour  of  the  Government,  and  many  Advantages  which  they 
enjoy  to  promote  Affairs  of  this  Nature  ;  And  it  is  a  singular  Pleasure  to 
us  that  we  have  the  Opportunity  of  making  our  present  Application  to 
those  Gentlemen  thro'  your  Hands,  whose  Influence  and  Interest  we  are 
very  sensible  of,  and  whose  Knowledge  of  us  and  of  our  Circumstances 
will  give  you  all  the  Advantages  proper  to  recommend  the  Case.  Con- 
vinced of  your  Readiness  to  promote  an  Affair  of  this  Kind,  we  make  no 
Apology  for  giving  you  this  Trouble,  but  desire  our  hearty  Thanks  may 
be  given  those  Gentlemen  who  shall  please  to  lend  us  their  Assistance, 
intirely  confiding  in  you  to  receive,  manage,  and  transmit  to  us  any 
Benefactions  of  this  kind  that  offer.  In  the  mean  Time,  heartily  wishing 
you  Success  in  this  and  in  your  own  Affairs,  and  a  speedy  safe  Return, 
We  take  Leave  to  subscribe  our  Selves 

Sir,  Your  most  Obedient  and  most  Humble  Serv'" : 

Enclosed  in  this  letter  was  an  "Application  and  Form  of 
Subscription  "  addressed  "  To  all  charitable  and  well  disposed 
Gentlemen  in  the  Island  of  Jamaica,"  "  humbly  desiring  their 
Assistance  in  ...  So  good  a  Work."  Little  help,  however, 
seems  to  have  come  from  that  quarter. 

The  above  Letters  and  Form  of  Subscription  were  transmitted  to 
William  Vassal,  Esqr,  at  Jamaica,  p  Capt.  George  Ruggles.  About  the 
same  time,  also,  the  following  Letters  were  sent  to  London  by  Ml  William 
Martin,  in  the  Ship  "Samuel  and  John,"  William  Blanchard,  Master, 
bound  for  Hull :  — 

To  the  Right  Revd.  Father  in  God,  Edmund,  Lord  Bishop  of  London  :  i 

Boston,  July  25*,  1748. 
May  it  please  your  Lordship,  —  We  think  it  our  Duty  to  acquaint 
your  Lordship  that  Time  and  other  Accidents,  particularly  a  late  remark- 
able Storm,  have  so  much  impaired  King's  Chapel  in  Boston  that  it  is 
become  necessary  to  rebuild  it ;  to  which  Purpose  the  Congregation  have 
chearfully  entered  upon  a  Subscription,  which  at  present  amounts  to 
;^i 6,000  New  England  Currency,  equal  to  so  many  Hundreds  Sterling, 
and  is  daily  increasing  ;  but  as  we  have  no  Expectation  of  their  Ability  to 
compleat  the  Work  of  themselves,  they  have  tho't  proper  to  apply  to 
such  Friends  whose  Ability  and  Virtue  give  Hopes  of  their  encouraging  a 
Design  of  this  Nature.  But  as  all  probable  Means  in  our  Power  will  be 
found  little  enough  to  accomplish  the  good  Work,  We  humbly  beg  Leave 
to  ask  your  Lordship's  Opinion  of  the  Propriety  of  an  Application  to  His 
Majesty  in  Favour  of  a  Church  the  first  in  America,  and  who  at  the 
Publick  Charge  erected  a  very  handsome  Pew  for  His  Majesty's  Gov- 
ernour ;  a  Church  which  has  heretofore  tasted  of  the  Royall  Bounty,  and 

1  Bishop  Gibson  died  in  1748. 


THE   NEW   CHURCH. 


49 


if  we  may  judge  by  the  Name,  seems  in  some  Measure  encouraged  to 
expect  it.  We  are  sensible  your  Lordship's  Interest  and  Influence 
would  be  the  greatest  Security  of  Success,  if  such  an  Application  were 
tho't  practicable  and  proper,  whether  that  Assistance  were  ask'd  from 
the  Royal  Bounty  or  by  Virtue  of  an  authoritative  Brief.  In  Hopes  of 
being  favoured  with  your  Lordship's  Direction  and  supported  by  your 
Interest,  we  beg  leave  to  Assure  your  Lordship  that  we  are,  with  all 
Duty  and  Submission, 

Your  Lordship's  most  Obedient  and  most  Humble  Serv'^ 

Signed  as  before  by  the  Ministers,  Wardens,  and  Vestry. 

Boston  in  New  England,  Jan?'  29!!!,  1747/8. 

May  it  Please  your  Lordships  —  Your  Lordship's  Residence  for 
some  Time  in  these  Parts  of  America,  but  especially  your  known  Zeal 
and  Liberality  in  promoting  the  Interest  of  Religion  and  Learning  here, 
encourages  us  to  acquaint  your  Lordship  with  the  Condition  of  King's 
Chapel  in  this  Town  and  to  ask  your  Interest  and  Assistance  in  favour 
of  its  being  rebuilt,  which  by  Time  and  Accidents  is  now  become  neces- 
sary. The  Congregation  have  chearfully  contributed  according  to  their 
Ability,  but  that  is  much  short  of  what  the  Work  will  require.  If  a  Let- 
ter from  your  Lordship  to  any  Persons  in  England  who  are  piously 
and  charitably  dispos'd  might  be  tho't  to  procure  Assistance  to  a  thing 
of  this  Kind,  we  beg  Leave  to  hope  it  will  not  be  wanting.  Mf  Tho' 
Sandford,  Merchant  in  London,  is  the  Person  with  whom  any  Thing 
advanced  in  our  Favour  might  be  safely  lodged  in  Order  to  be  trans- 
mitted to  us.  ^Ve  beg  your  Lordships  Pardon  for  this  Freedom  and 
Leave  to  subscribe  our  Selves,  with  all  dutifull  Regard, 

Your  Lordships  most  Obedient  and 

most  Humble  Servants, 


To  the  Right  Rei^'^  Father  in  God, 
George,  Lord  Bishop  of  Cloyne. 


H.  C ,  J.  G ,  etc. 


^  George  Berkeley,  Bishop  of  Cloyne,  were  disappointed  by  the  failure  of  Wal- 

born  in  Kilkenny  Co.,  Ireland,  in  1685,  pole's  Government  to  pay  the  ;,^20,ooo  to 

had  left  his  position  as  Dean  of  Derry,  endow  his  college.     He  built  a  house  at 

with  £\.,-i.oo  a  year,  and  came  here  in  Newport,  bought  land,  and  owned  slaves. 

1728,  on  his  way  to  establish  a  College  Here   his  children  were   born,  and  his 

for  the  Education  of  American  Savages  "Alciphron"   was   written.     The   com- 

in  Bermuda.    John  Walker's  manuscript  pany  of  artists  who  came  in  his  train 

diary  (in  the  library  of  the  Massachusetts  gave  the  first  impulse  to  New  England. 

Historical   Society)  records  his  visit  to  His  gifts  to  Yale  College  did  much  for 

Boston:    "Sept.    12,   1731 ;   in  y«  morn  education,   and    his   idealism   has   been 

Dean  George  Barkleypreacht  in  y<=  Chap-  thought  to  be  a  remote  parent  of  New 

pell  from  y«  i^'  Ejiistle  to  Timothy,  y«  3d  England  transcendentalism.     Returning 

Chap.,  Verse  16,  and  a  fine  Sermon,  ac-  to  England  in  1731,  Queen  Caroline  made 

cording  to  my  opinion   I   never   heard  him  Bishop  in  1733,  and  he  was  in  resi- 

such  an  one.     A  very  great   auditory."  dence  in  Ireland  at  the  time  of  this  sub- 

His  residence  at   Newport  left  a  deep  scription.     After  his  son's  death,  retiring 

and  lasting  impression,  though  his  plans  to  Oxford,  he  died  Jan.  14,  1753. 
VOL.  IL  — 4 


50 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


Boston  in  N.  England,  Janr  29^,  1 748. 

SiR^i While  the  united  Acclamations  of  Brittish  Subjects  have  agreed 

to  celebrate  the  Success  God  has  given  to  His  Majesty's  Fleets  under 
your  Conduct,  permitt  us  also  at  this  Distance  to  assure  you  that  we  hear 
the  News  of  your  Victories  with  Joy,  and  celebrate  them  with  Gratitude 
to  Heaven ;  Particularly  we  thank  God  for  the  Renewal  of  that  Health 
so  necessary  to  the  Publick  Service,  and  which  we  hear  was  some  time 
since  in  a  precarious  State.  If  the  many  great  Affairs  in  which  you  are 
engaged  give  you  Leisure  to  attend  to  the  Application  of  a  People  at 
this  Distance,  We  humbly  beg  Leave  to  lay  before  you  the  ruinous  Con- 
dition of  King's  Chapel  in  this  Town,  which,  having  suffered  very  much 
from  a  late  violent  Storm,  is  now  become  necessary  to  be  rebuilt.  Sub- 
scriptions are  raising  to  this  Purpose  with  all  Diligence,  a  List  of  which 
we  have  presum'd  to  inclose ;  but  as  it  is  impossible  for  the  Congrega- 
tion to  raise  a  sufficient  Sum  to  accomplish  the  Work,  we  flatter'd  our- 
selves we  might  take  Leave  to  recommend  a  thing  of  this  Nature  to  you, 
whose  Abilities  enable  you  to  do  that  which  your  Prudence  and  Gen- 
erosity dictate.  'T  is  our  Necessity  which  gives  us  the  Confidence  of 
this  Address,  and  which  must  also  be  our  Excuse  for  the  particular  Free- 
dom of  it.     We  only  beg  Leave  farther  to  assure  you  that  we  shall  heartily 


1  Sir  P.  Warren  subscribed  ;^20  ster- 
ling. This  distinguished  officer,  born  of 
an  Irish  family,  first  commanded  the 
"  Grafton,"  June  19,  1727.  Having  won 
distinction  in  the  West  Indies  as  com- 
mander of  the  "  .Superbe,"  60  guns,  and 
commodore  of  a  small  squadron  on  the 
Antigua  station,  he  co-operated,  in  1745, 
in  the  capture  of  Louisburg,  of  which  his 
squadron  and  the  Massachusetts  army 
shared  the  glory ;  promoted  to  be  rear- 
admiral  of  the  blue  Aug.  8,  1745,  and 
rear-admiral  of  the  white  July  14,  1746. 
In  1747  he  greatly  distinguished  himself 
as  second  in  command,  under  Lord  An- 
son, of  the  fleet  which  destroyed  the 
French  squadrons  under  Admiral  de  Jon- 
quiere,  intended  to  recapture  Louisburg, 
—  Mr.  Warren's  flagship,  the  "Devon- 
shire," capturing  the  French  admiral 
himself.  For  this  service  he  was  made 
a  K.  C.  B. ;  July  15,  1747,  he  was  ad- 
vanced to  be  vice-admiral  of  the  white, 
and  May  12,  174S,  vice-admiral  of  the 
red.  M.  P.  for  Westminster.  Charnock 
says :  "  Few  men  ever  attained  or  better 
deserved  so  great  a  share  of  popularity. 
He  had  not  only  the  singular  happiness 
of  being  universally  courted,  esteemed, 
and  beloved,  but  had  the  additional  con- 
solation of  having  passed  through  life 


without  making  a  single  enemy."  His 
monument  in  Westminster  Abbey  re- 
cords that 

"  The  Almighty, 

Whom  alone  he  feared,  and  whose  gracious 

Protection 

He  had  often  experienced, 

Was  pleased  to  remove  him  from  a  place  of 

Honour 

To  an  eternity  of  happiness, 

On  the  29th  day  of  July,  1752, 

In  the  49th  year  of  his  age." 

"  The  generosity  and  public  spirit  of 
this  gallant  officer  was  shown  by  the 
manner  in  which  he  disposed  of  the 
commission  granted  him  by  the  British 
Governmeiit  upon  the  expenditures 
made  in  New  England  for  the  Cape 
Breton  expedition.  A  part  of  it  he  de- 
voted to  the  purchase  in  England  of  two 
large  black  horses  for  the  improvement 
of  Colonial  stock.  The  remainder  he 
at  first  proposed  to  expend  in  the  en- 
couragement of  the  Protestant  School 
in  Ireland.  This  sum,  ;^70o,  he  later 
proposed  to  give  to  the  building  of  a 
town-hall  in  Cambridge,  but  by  the  ad- 
vice of  his  companion-in-arms.  Sir  W'" 
Pepperrell,  appropriated  it  to  the  edu- 
cation of  the  Indians  in  the  mission  at 
Stockbridge."  —  Magazine  of  American 
History,  iii.  i,  52. 


THE    NEW   CHURCH.  5 1 

pray  for  your  Health  and  Happiness,  and  that  We  are,  with  all  proper 
Submission, 

Your  most  Obedient  and  most  Humble  Serv!!, 

H.  C,  J.  G.,  etc. 
To  the  Hon"^!  S:  Peter  Warren. 

Boston,  January  2  9'^,  1747/8. 
SiR,i  —  We,  the  Minister,  Wardens,  and  Vestry  of  Kings  Chapel  in 
Boston,  beg  Leave  to  return  our  hearty  Thanks  for  your  very  kind  and 
generous  Subscription  towards  rebuilding  our  decay'd  Church,  of  which 
we  were  acquainted  by  our  very  worthy  Friend  Sr  Henry  Frankland. 
Your  Departure  from  hence  so  soon  after  we  were  notified  of  this  Favour 
prevented  us  of  the  Pleasure  of  waiting  upon  you  and  paying  the  proper 
complements  of  Gratitude.  This  was  what  we  should  particularly  have 
chosen  at  that  critical  Juncture,  as  a  Testimony  of  our  dislike  of  the  Tu- 
multuous Proceedings  w'^''  unaccountably  took  Place  about  that  Time. 
Prevented  of  that  Opportunity,  we  have  pitcht  upon  this  Method  of  ex- 
pressing the  Sentiments  we  entertain  of  your  Virtue  and  Bounty,  and  to 
assure  you  that  as  we  shall  always  esteem  our  Selves  bound  to  pray  for 
your  Health  and  Welfare,  so  particularly  that  all  your  Enterprises  for  His 
Majestys  Service  and  the  publick  Good  of  the  Nation  may  be  crown'd 
with  Success.  We  only  beg  Leave  further  to  assure  you  that  we  are  with 
all  possible  Gratitude,  Sir, 

Your  most  obliged,  most  Obedient,  and 

most  Humble  :  Serv". 
To  the  Honble  Char".  Knowles,  Esq\ 

Boston,  Jan7  29"",  1747/8. 

May  it  Please  your  Honojir^  —  Kings  Chapel  in  this  Town,  worn 
out  by  Time  and  particularly  shattered  by  a  late  Storm,  is  tho't  necessary 

1  See  Ante,  pp.  3Q-41.  Placentia,  Newfoundland.     In   1739  he 

2  This  letter  was  sent  by  the  "  Massa-  was  appointed  regimental  major,  and, 
chusetts  "  frigate.  To  the  note  in  Vol.  I.  on  the  death  of  Colonel  Crosby,  lieut.- 
232,  concerning  this  distinguished  mem-  colonel  commandant  of  Philips'  regi- 
ber  of  the  Vestry,  may  be  added  the  ment,  afterwards  known  as  the  4o"\  He 
following  facts,  for  which  I  am  indebted  was  third  on  the  list  of  councillors  at 
to  the  Rev.  J.  M.  Hubbard,  a  descend-  the  first  establishment  of  the  board  at 
ant,  and  to  the  Nova  Scotia  Hist.  Soc.  Annapolis  Royal  in  1720,  and  was  after- 
Coil.,  ii.  22:  "In  1708  he  was  2^  lieu-  wards  senior  councillor  for  many  years, 
tenant  in  Lord  Montague's  regiment;  In  1740,  he  was  lieut. -governor  of  An- 
in  1710,  captain,  and  joined  the  regiment  napolis  Royal,  a  military  appointment, 
raised  in  N.  E.  for  the  taking  of  Port  and  administrator  of  the  government  of 
Royal.  He  there  commanded  the  grena-  the  province  (Governor  Philipps  residing 
diers  of  Colonel  Watters'  regiment,  and  in  England),  until  Gov.  Edward  Corn- 
was  the  officer  who  took  formal  posses-  wallis  arrived  in  1749,  when  he  came  to 
sion  of  the  fort  of  Port  Royal  in  mount-  Chebucto  to  meet  him,  and  was  sworn  in 
ing  the  first  guard.  Soon  after,  General  senior  councillor.  In  1744  he  defended 
Nicholson  brevetted  him  major.  He  for  the  fort  of  Annapolis  against  a  strong 
some  time  commanded  the  garrison  at  force  of  Indians,  and,  later,  of  French. 


52 


ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


to  be  rebuilt ;  to  which  Purpose  Subscriptions  are  raising  both  at  home 
and  abroad,  it  being  impossible  the  Congregation  should  do  it  without 
Assistance.  And  as  Your  Honour  is  a  Proprietor  of  it,  and  your  Family 
there  accomodated  with  the  Advantages  of  Divine  Worship,  We  have 
tho't  it  our  Duty  to  acquaint  you  with  the  Proceedings  of  the  Church 
(and  accordingly  have  inclosed  you  a  List  of  the  present  Subscriptions), 
and  to  beg  your  Assistance  in  carrying  on  the  good  Work.  This  indeed 
we  promise  our  Selves  from  your  known  Virtue  and  Generosity,  but  shall 
entirely  leave  it  with  you  how  far  and  in  what  Manner  to  recommend  a 
Thing  of  this  Nature  to  y^  Officers  and  Gentlemf  of  the  Garrison.  Assur- 
ing our  Selves  that  this  Affair  will  have  your  utmost  Countenance,  we  only 
beg  Leave  to  add  our  hearty  good  Wishes  for  your  Health  and  Pros- 
perity, and  that  we  are 

Your  Hon?  most  Obedl  and  most  humble  :  Serv'?. 

H.  C,  J.  G.,  etc. 
To  the  Hoiihle  Paul  Mascarefte,  Esq*: 


He  served  in  important  negotiations 
with  the  Indians.  About  1751  he  ob- 
tained leave  to  retire  from  active  service 
on  account  of  his  age.  In  1758  he  was 
gazetted  maj .-general,  and  resided  in  Bos- 
ton till  his  death,  Jan.  22,  1760.  ...  He 
mentioned  liaving  to  subsist  in  his  old 
days  wholly  on  the  half-pay  of  his  lieut.- 
colonelcy,  all  his  other  steps  in  his  pro- 
fession being  but  brevet  ranlcs.  .  .  .  To 
write  a  biography  of  General  Mascarine 
would  be  to  write  the  history  of  Acadia 
from  the  Treaty  of  Utrecht  to  1749.  For 
thirty  years  he  was  the  master  mind 
at  Annapolis.  Constant  hostilities  with 
the  French  and  Indians  during  nearly  the 
whole  period  kept  him  in  continual  ac- 
tion, and  to  his  activity  and  perseverance 
Great  Britain  was  indebted  for  the  pres- 
ervation of  her  dominion  over  Acadia. 
The  mass  of  correspondence  and  public 
documents  which  appear  in  his  hand- 
writing, or  written  under  his  direction, 
would  fill  volumes.  No  man  in  British 
America  ever  served  his  country  better, 
and  no  man  ever  received  less  support 
in  his  necessities,  or  less  remuneration 
for  his  services."  He  resigned  his  com- 
mand in  1750,  being  promoted  at  the 
same  time  to  be  colonel,  and  returned 
to  Boston,  where  he  continued  for  several 
years  to  be  occasionally  employed  in  the 
affairs  of  Nova  Scotia.  His  house  was 
in  School  Street,  where  Niles'  Block  now 
stands,  and  he  was  buried  in  the  old 
Granary  Burying  Ground. 

General  Mascarene,  though  a  soldier 


from  his  youth,  and  having  spent  the 
greater  part  of  his  life  in  frontier  garri- 
sons, appears  to  have  been  of  a  singu- 
larly gentle  disposition.  He  was  far 
more  of  a  student  than  a  soldier  by  na- 
ture. In  a  letter  written  in  1741  to  one 
of  his  children,  he  says :  "  Since  my  be- 
ing here  [Annapolis  Royal]  I  have  read 
Virgil,  Horace,  and  most  other  classics 
twice  over."  This  was  in  little  more 
than  a  year.  Yet  he  was  very  brave. 
When  Annapolis  was  attacked  in  1744 
by  an  overwhelming  force  of  French  and 
Indians,  —  tlie  garrison  being  too  feeble 
to  man  all  the  works,  and  all  his  officers 
urging  him  to  surrender,  —  he  held  out 
until  succor  came  and  the  enemy  re- 
treated. A  Frenchman  and  a  Protes- 
tant, he  yet  sustained  most  friendly 
intercourse  with  the  hostile  French 
Catholic  priests,  and  succeeded,  by  firm 
but  peaceable  measures,  in  preventing 
the  turbulent  and  rebellious  Acadians 
from  taking  up  arms  against  the  Eng- 
lish. He  appears  to  have  been  a  per- 
fect gentleman,  punctilious  to  the  last 
degree  in  points  of  honor.  When  sepa- 
rated from  his  family  he  kept  up  a  con- 
stant and  affectionate  intercourse  with 
them,  showing  an  interest  in  the  small- 
est affairs  which  concerned  them.  The 
"  Heraldic  Journal,"  ii.  25,  gives  his 
family  arms.  See  "  Boston  Weekly 
Journal,"  Jan.  15,  1728,  for  notice  of 
Mrs.  Mascarene.  There  is  a  town  named 
Mascarene  in  Nova  Scotia. 


THE    NEW   CHURCH.  53 

Boston,  FehrY  3'',  1 747/8. 

Sir,  —  Kings  Chapel  in  Boston,  the  first  Church  ever  built  in  this  part 
of  the  World,  is  now,  thro  length  of  Time  and  sundry  Accidents,  bro't  to 
such  a  ruinous  Condition  as  to  occasion  its  being  Speedily  puU'd  down. 
And  the  Members  thereof,  notwithstanding  the  generous  Subscriptions  of 
His  Excellency  our  Governour  and  S'  Henry  Frankland,  with  all  the 
Efforts  they  can  make  here,  finding  themselves  unequal  to  the  Rebuild- 
ing the  same,  are  constrain'd  to  seek  Assistance  from  abroad. 

We  therefore,  the  Minister,  Wardens,  and  Vestry  of  said  Church,  take- 
ing  Encouragement  from  the  Benefaction  of  that  brave  and  worthy  Officer 
Admiral  Knowles,  presume  to  make  our  Address  to  you ;  not  doubting 
the  Veneration  you  have  for  the  establish'd  Church,  and  the  great  Success 
with  which  it  has  pleased  Almighty  God  to  bless  you,  will  be  sufficient 
Motives  to  render  our  poor  Church  a  proper  Object  of  your  Charity,  and 
thereby  give  us  an  Opportunity  of  numbring  Capt.  Tho'  Frankland  as 
well  as  S^  Henry  among:''  our  best  Benefactors.  We  pray  for  y*^  Con- 
tinuance of  your  good  Success,  and  are,  with  due  Regard, 

Y'  most  Hum  :  Serv'.^ 
Signed  as  before  by  the  Minister,  Wardens,  and  Vestry. 

To  Cap'.  Tho'.  Frankland} 

The  above  Letter,  with  that  to  M^  Knowles,  was  delivere'd  to  S^ 
Henry  Frankland,  to  be  forwarded  under  his  Cover. 

After  forwarding  these  Letters,  an  Address  to  the  Town,  formerly  re- 
solved on,  was  now  drawn  up  and  presented  to  the  Town  at  a  Publick 
Meeting  held  on  the  14*  March,  1747/8.  A  copy  of  which  here  fol- 
lows, viz'. :  ^  — 

"  To  the  Freeholders  and  other  Inhabitants  of  the  Toton  of  Bosto?i,  in 
gene7-al  Town  Meeting  assembled,  March  14^',  1747/8. 

"  The  Petition  of  the  Minister,  Church  Wardens,  and  Vestry  of  King's 
Chapel  in  Boston,  in  Behalf  of  themselves  and  the  Congregation  that 
usually  attend  the  Publick  Worship  of  God  there 

"  Sheweth,  That  the  said  Chapel,  which  has  been  constantly  improved 
for  the  publick  Worship  of  God  for  about  sixty  Years  past  is  in  many  parts 
of  it  rotten  and  greatly  decayed,  and  almost  rendered  unfit  for  that  Ser- 

1  Younger  brother  of  Sir  Charles  the  Antigua  station  ;  June,  1756,  rear- 
Henry  Frankland,  whom  he  succeeded  admiral  of  the  blue  ;  and  subsequently 
in  the  baronetcy  in  1768.  In  1740,  he  promoted,  through  the  gradations  of 
was  appointed  to  command  the  "Rose"  flag-officers,  till  he  reached  that  of  ad- 
frigate,  and  in  June,  1742,  won  distinction  miral  of  the  white.  He  died  Nov.  21, 
in    capturing    a    Spanish    guarda-costa,  1784. 

commanded  by  the  man  who  had  cut  off  -  The   Boston  Town  Records,  1742- 

Captain  Jenkins'  ears  some  time  before.  1757,  pp.  135,  140,  144,  published  after 

In  1746,  he  was  promoted  to  the  "  Drag-  this  chapter  was   in   type,  contain   full 

on,"  60  guns;  July,  1755,  commodore  on  accounts  of  these  proceedings. 


54  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

vice  any  longer ;  and  said  Congregation,  out  of  Regard  for  the  Honour 
of  God  and  for  their  own  Edification,  being  very  desirous  that  the  PubUck 
Worship  of  God  should  be  still  supported  and  carryed  on  in  said  Place, 
have  determined  to  rebuild  said  Church  and  make  it  somewhat  larger 
and  more  commodious  than  it  now  is,  but  apprehend  they  shall  be  greatly 
streightned  for  Want  of  a  little  Ground  at  the  East  End  of  said  Church 
to  effect  the  same.  And  the  Town  having  a  peice  of  Ground  at  said  East 
End  that  leads  into  the  Burial  Place, 

"Your  Petitioners  pray  the  Town  will  be  pleased  to  grant  to  said 
Church  so  much  of  their  Land  eastward  as  will  make  the  same  regular 
and  commodious ;  or  if  the  Town  think  best,  that  they  would  appoint  a 
Coinittee  to  consider  of  this  Petition,  veiw  the  Premises,  and  report  to 
the  Town  what  is  best  to  be  done  as  to  granting  the  Prayer  thereof. 

"  And  your  Petitioners  shall  pray,  etc. 

H.  Caner,  Min' 
"  H.  Frankland,     Ja?  Forbes, 

C.  Apthorp,  C.  Paxton, 

E.  Tyng,  George  Cradock,  ,  y 

J.  GiBBiNS,  James  Smith, 

S.  Gardner,  Job  Lewis, 

E.  Hutchinson,    Jona  Pue, 

"  Att:  E.  Goldthwaite,  Town  Clerk." 


J.  Gordon,  |  ^^^^^^^^_ 
J.  Box,         ) 


A  Boston  town-meeting  was  an  unruly  "  cradle  of  liberty,"  as 
the  Government  was  soon  to  learn  only  too  well.  Here  was  the 
open  arena  in  which  all  the  old  grievances  against  the  Church 
of  England  might  be  aired ;  and  it  gave  occasion  to  talk  about 
many  things  besides  the  small  slice  of  land  that  was  asked  for. 
Three  town  meetings  of  the  freeholders  and  other  inhabitants 
of  Boston  were  held  before  the  matter  was  concluded,  and  the 
members  of  the  three  Episcopal  Societies  had  to  be  warned  to 
attend  before  votes  enough  could  be  secured  to  carry  the  plan. 

This  Petition  was  much  debated,  and  met  with  considerable  Opposi- 
tion from  some  overbusy  People  ;  but  at  length  a  Committee  was  chosen, 
and  the  Town  came  to  the  following  Resolution  :  — 

"  At  a  Meeting  of  the  Freeholders  and  other  Inhabitants  of  the  Town 
of  Boston,  duly  qualify'd  and  legally  assembled  at  Faneuil  Hall,  on  Mon- 
day, the  14!!!  day  of  March,  A  Dom  :  1747,  — 

"  Voted,  That  the  Hon^'^  Andrew  Ohver,  Esq^  Tho=  Hancock,  Esq^  Mf 
Jeremiah  Allen,  M^  Middlecot  Cooke,  the  Hon!^*^  Jacob  Wendell,  Esq', 
M'  Thomas  Greene,  and  M'  John  Tyng  be,  and  they  are  hereby  ap- 
pointed, a  Comittee^  to  consider  of  this  Petition,  Veiw  the  Premises, 

^  Some  who  were  later  to  share  the  —  "  Hon.  Thos.  Hutchinson,  Esq!',"  then 
fate  of  the  Loyalist  members  of  the  the  most  popular  man  in  the  province, 
Church  were  prominent  in  this  meeting,     being   moderator.      Governor   Hutchin- 


THE    NEW   CHURCH. 


55 


enquire  into  the  Circumstances  thereof,  and  report  to  the  Town  at 
the  Adjournment  of  this  Meeting  what  is  best  for  the  Town  to  do  as  to 
granting  the  Prayer  thereof. 

"  Att'  Ezek'-  Goldthwaite,  Town  Clerk." 

The  Comittee  soon  after  met,  and  having  notifyed  the  Petitioners, 
desired  to  know  what  Proposalls  they  had  to  make.  M'  Caner,  Cradock, 
Apthorp,  Gibbins,  Hutchinson,  Gordon,  and  Gardner  attended;  went 
with  the  CoiTiittee  to  veiw  and  measure  the  Premises,  and  then  proposed 
the  following  Terms  :  That  the  Town  allow  for  enlarging  the  Chapel  the 
Passage  Way  before  mentioned  and  six  feet  into  the  School  Yard,  In  Con- 
sideration of  which  the  Petitioners  should  oblige  themselves  to  turn  an 
Arch  under  the  New  Building  of  lo  feet  wide,  that  a  free  Passage  might 
be  left  into  the  burying  Ground.  It  was  objected  to  this,  that  the  Pas- 
sage would  be  long  and  dark,  and  therefore  incommodious,  and  that  the 
Town  would  probably  not  much  relish  a  Proposal  of  this  Kind.  To 
remedy  this  and  all  other  Difificultys  of  like  Nature,  it  was  proposed  that 
the  School  House  itself  at  the  East  End  of  the  Chapel  should  be  remov'd, 
that  the  Petitioners  should  find  a  convenient  Peice  of  Ground  and  re- 
move or  rebuild  the  School  House  at  their  own  Charge.^  This  tho'  at 
first  imagin'd  and  afterwards  found  to  be  attended  with  Difficulty,  was 
tho't  the  best  Expedient,  and  accordingly  was  Chearfully  entered  upon. 
The  Comittee  desired  the  Proposalls  of  the  Petitioners  in  writing,  which 
was  comply'd  with  :    The  Substance  of  which  was  that  as  the  School 

son's  brother-in-law,  lieut.-governor  un-  He  was  succeeded  in  1709  by  Rev.  Na- 
der him,  Andrew  Oliver  (H.  C.  1724,  thaniel  Williams,  who  was  followed  in 
died  1774),  partook  with  him  in  the  vicis-  1734  by  Mr.  John  Lovell,  who  ably  filled 
situdes  of  public  favor.  the   position  for  nearly  forty-two  years. 

Thomas  Hancock  was  son  of  Rev.  He  was  furnished  with  a  dwelling-house 
John  Hancock  of  Lexington,  a  book-  and  garden  adjoining  the  school  on 
seller,  and  later  a  distinguished  mer-  School  Street.  It  has  been  conjectured 
chant  of  Boston,  "  supplying  the  British  that  the  first  Latin  School-house  was  set 
garrisons  and  armies  here,  and  carry-  in  the  King's  Chapel  burying-ground,  as 
ing  on  an  extensive  commerce.  He  ac-  a  desirable  place  to  study  the  dead  Ian- 
quired  a  great  fortune,  and,  dying  s.  p.  guages.  The  removal  of  the  old  school- 
in  1764,  left  the  bulk  of  it  to  his  nephew  house  called  forth  these  lines,  sent  to 
John."  —  Heraldic  Journal,  \\.  loo.  Master  Lovell  on  the  afternoon  of  the 

1  The   first   free   school    in  America  town-meeting  which  granted  the  petition 

was  that  at  Salem,  established  in   1630.  of  King's  Chapel,  by  Joseph  Green,  the 

The  Boston  Latin  School  was  founded  noted  wit :  — 

in  1635.      The  land   had  been  sold  to  the  ..  ^  fig  for  your  learning!     I  tell  you  the  town, 

town  by  Thomas    Scottow  in  16-I5,  when  To  make  the  church  larger,  must  pull  the  school 

the  first  school-house  was  built,  succeeded  down. 

by  a  second  building  in  1704.      (See  ante,  'Unhappily  spoken  !  '  exclaims  Master  Birch  ; 

.     o        «  m-             •    ,     TT-                  /•    -r,              ,.  Then  learnmg,  it  seems,  stops  the  erowth  of 

1.  83;  "Memorial    History  of  Boston,"  the  church"'" 
ii.    x.ifxiv.)      Its   most   famous    teacher, 

Mr.  Ezekiel   Cheever,  died  in  his  94th  A  striking  instance  of  the  revenges  of 

year,  of  whom  Cotton  Mather  wrote :  time  was  the   fact   that   Master  Lovell, 

,,„,.,       ,  being  a  strong  Tory,  shared  the  hard- 

ile  lived  and  wrought ;    his   labors  were  im-       y  •  c  -r^      r^  'i,-,         ,  -i 

fjjg^gg.  ships  of  Dr.  Caner  and  his  loyal  parish- 

But  ne'er  declined  to  preterper/ect  tense."  oners  in  their  exile  to  Halifax  in  1776. 


^6  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

House  was  found  upon  Examination  to  be  decay'd  and  unfit  to  be  re- 
mov'd,  the  Petitioners  should  erect  a  new  one  upon  a  convenient  Peice 
of  Ground  at  a  small  Distance  from  the  present ;  In  Consideration  of  wf!? 
the  Petitioners  should  have  a  Grant  of  the  whole  Ground  taken  up  by 
the  School  House,  reserving  only  a  Passage  Way  of  lo  feet  wide  into 
the  Burying  Ground.  It  was  imagined  that  these  Proposall's  would  be 
accepted,  and  therefore  the  Petitioners  agreed  for  a  Peice  of  Ground 
about  So  feet  square,  at  the  Price  of  ^600,  at  a  little  Distance  from  the 
School  House,  in  a  very  commodious  Place,  every  way  suitable  for  such 
a  Design.  At  the  same  Time  a  House  and  small  Peice  of  Ground  oppo- 
site to  the  School  House  was  likewise  agreed  for  at  the  Price  of  ;^i7oo, 
as  the  former  Peice  of  Ground  was  not  to  be  purchased  without  this 
latter. 

After  a  long  time  of  Consideration  the  Comittee  gave  it  as  their  Opinion 
that  if  the  Petitioners  would  make  over  to  the  Town  the  latter  Peice  of 
Ground  of  ^1700  Price  instead  of  the  former,  and  erect  upon  it  a  new 
School  House  of  like  Dimentions  and  Accommodations  with  the  former, 
the  Town  might  without  Inconvenience  comply  with  the  Proposalls.  It 
was  also  added  that  the  Petitioners  should  obtain  Leave  of  the  Friends 
of  those  deceased  Persons  whose  Corps  lay  within  the  Ground  petitioned 
for.  This  appeared  to  disinterested  People  a  most  extraordinary  Pro- 
posal ;  but  it  was  afterwards  found  that  all  of  them  were  not  consenting 
to  the  Thing  even  upon  these  Terms.  The  Petitioners  were  now  told  by 
the  Comittee  that  the  present  Proposals  were  so  much  inlarg'd  beyond 
the  original  Petition  that  they  did  not  apprehend  themselves  authorised 
to  make  a  Report  agreeable  to  them,  and  therefore  advis'd  that  the  Pro- 
posals should  be  thrown  into  the  Form  of  a  new  Petition  and  laid  before 
the  next  Town  Meeting. 

The  Petitioners  did  not  much  relish  this  Advice,  nor  the  Proceedings 
of  the  Comittee  ;  some,  considering  the  great  Charge  that  was  like  to  arise, 
and  how  much  of  the  Capital  Stock  must  be  sunk  in  these  Preparations, 
tho't  it  more  adviseable  to  quit  the  Tiling  and  rebuild  the  Chapel  only  in 
its  present  Dimentions.  To  this  His  Excellency  the  Gov'  and  some 
others  reply'd,  that  as  the  Building  was  design'd  for  Posterity  as  well  as 
themselves,  it  would  be  hereafter  deem'd  very  injudicious  if  an  Advan- 
tage of  enlarging  it  into  a  convenient  and  regular  Building  should  now 
be  lost  for  the  sake  of  an  increas'd  Charge  ;  That  it  was  better  to  be 
longer  about  it  than  forego  the  present  Advantage,  which,  if  neglected 
now,  would  probably  never  offer  again ;  and  that  a  handsome  regular 
Building  would  more  readily  engage  the  Liberality  and  enlarge  the  Num- 
ber of  the  Benefactors.  After  these  Things  had  been  duly  weighed,  it 
was  agreed  on  to  throw  in  another  Petition  to  the  Town,  containing  the 
former  Proposalls  agreed  to  by  the  Comittee  excepting  as  to  the  Peice 
of  Ground.  Before  this  Petition  was  offered  to  the  Town,  it  was  tho't 
convenient  to  take  a  Publick  Vote  of  the  Proprietors  of  the  Chapel 
whether  they  were  unanimously  agreed  in  the  Affair  of  taking  down  and 


THE   NEW   CHURCH.  57 

rebuilding  the  said  Chapel ;  for  tho'  People's  Minds  were  generally  known 
as  to  this  Matter,  yet  nothing  publick  or  authoritative  had  been  done  about 
it.  A  Meeting  of  the  Proprietors  was  therefore  warned  by  Ticketts  left 
at  their  Houses  and  by  Notice  from  the  Desk,  to  be  held  on  Sunday, 
March  2f]l,  after  Evening  Service;  at  which  Time  and  in  the  Chapel  it 
was  unanimously  voted  to  take  down  and  afterwards  rebuild  the  said 
Chapel. 

The  Gentlemen  of  the  three  Churches  having  been  notified  and  de- 
sired to  give  their  Attendance  at  Faneuil  Hall,  The  following  Petition  was 
presented  to  the  Town  at  their  Meeting  on  the  4*  of  April,  1 748  :  — 

"  To  the  Freeholders  and  other  I/ihabitaiits  of  the  Town  of  Boston,  in 
General  Town  Meeting  assembled,  April  4".',  1 748. 

"  The  Petition  of  the  Minister,  Wardens,  and  Vestry  of  King's  Chapel 
in  Boston,  in  Behalf  of  themselves  and  the  Congregation  that  usually 
attend  the  publick  Worship  of  God  there,  Sheweth  — 

"  That  said  Chapel,  which  has  been  constantly  improved  for  the  Pub- 
lick Worship  of  God  for  about  sixty  Years  past,  is  in  many  Parts  of  it 
rotten  and  greatly  decay'd,  and  almost  rendered  unfit  for  that  Service  any 
longer ;  and  said  Congregation,  out  of  Regard  to  the  Honour  of  God  and 
for  their  own  Edification,  being  very  desirous  that  the  Publick  Worship 
of  God  should  be  still  supported  and  carried  on  in  said  Place,  have  de- 
termined to  rebuild  said  Church  and  make  it  somewhat  larger,  more 
commodious  and  regular  than  it  now  is,  but  apprehend  they  shall  be 
greatly  streightned  for  want  of  Ground  at  the  East  End  of  said  Church 
to  effect  the  same. 

"  Your  Petitioners  therefore  pray  the  Town  will  be  pleased  to  grant  to 
said  Church  34  feet  Eastward  for  the  Body  of  said  Chapel  and  10  feet 
for  a  Chancel,  in  order  to  inlarge  the  same  into  a  regular  and  commo- 
dious Building.  And  whereas  the  Town  has  a  School  House  upon  part 
of  the  Land  which  your  Petitioners  request,  it  is  therefore  humbly  pro- 
posed, in  Consideration  of  the  Grant  hereby  requested.  That  the  Peti- 
tioners do  purchase  and  make  over  to  the  Town  a  Peice  of  Ground 
at  the  upper  End  of  the  Lane  or  Passage  fronting  the  present  School 
House,  and  erect  thereon  a  New  School  House  of  like  Dimentions  with 
the  present ;  The  said  Petitioners  not  to  dig  or  open  any  Ground  which 
the  additional  Building  shall  cover  excepting  to  lay  the  Foundation,  nor 
at  any  Time  to  exclude  those  who  have  Vaults  or  Tombs  within  the 
requested  Limitts  from  the  Liberty  of  a  Free  Access  to  them. 

"  Your  Petitioners  apprehend  that  the  said  Grants  will  be  no  Detri- 
ment to  the  Town,  as  the  present  School  House  is  much  decayed,  in 
many  Parts  defective,  and  will  within  a  short  Space  of  Time  require  to 
be  rebuilt,  and  as  the  Place  now  proposed  for  the  School  neither  has 
nor  can  probably  have  any  contiguous  Building,  being  88  feet  long  and 
77  foot  wide,  has  a  free  Air,  a  pleasant  Ascent,  and  capable  of  a  Southerly 
high  Way  to  it  from  Bromfield's  Lane,  which  if  it  be  tho't  necessary 


^8  ANNALS   OF   KING'S   CHAPEL. 

the  Petitioners  have  a  reasonable  Prospect  of  obtaining,  is  very  near  to 
School  Street,  and  yet  agreeably  retired ;  The  Town  will  have  a  larger 
Peice  of  Ground  to  accomodate  the  School,  the  Chapel  aforesaid  and 
other  neighbouring  Buildings  will  be  less  in  Danger  from  Fire  and  such 
Accidents;  The  Tovvli  receive  a  new  Ornament  in  the  Buildings  pro- 
posed, and  all  to  be  effected  at  the  Charge  of  the  Petitioners  and  other 
such  well  dispos'd  Persons  as  may  think  proper  to  contribute  to  the 
same.  For  a  clearer  Veiw  of  what  your  Petitioners  hereby  request  we 
referr  to  the  Platts  ^  of  the  Ground  and  Buildings  annex'd,  Hoping  the 
Town  upon  the  Considerations  aboves^  will  grant  the  said  Petition. 
"  Your  Petitioners  shall  ever  pray,  etc., 

"  H.  Caner,  Minister,  et  al." 

Some  officious  People  made  it  their  Business  to  oppose  these  very 
reasonable  Proposals,  and  propagated  sundry  idle  Stories  to  prejudice 
People  against  granting  the  Petition  in  any  Shape.  The  Moderator, 
Tho?  Hutchinson,  Esq',  conducted  the  Meeting  with  great  Judgment  and 
Propriety,  and  thereby  prevented  several  warm-temper'd  People  from 
making  the  Confusion  they  desired.  Several  Gendemen  spoke  very 
handsomely  in  favour  of  the  Petition,  particularly  the  Hon!!!''  Andrew 
Oliver,  Esq',  who  with  great  Temper  and  Propriety  answer'd  many  ill- 
natured  and  trifling  Objections  which  some  tho't  proper  to  advance. 
But  what  was  most  of  all  surprizing  was  that  M'  Tyng  and  M'  Allen, 
two  of  the  Coinittee  who  had  been  deputed  by  the  Town  to  consider 
about  the  proper  Method  of  granting  the  Petition,  should,  with  the 
utmost  Violence  of  Temper,  endeavour  to  defeat  the  Petition  and  with- 
hold the  Town  from  granting  any  Thing  at  all.  The  Town,  after  much 
Struggle,  came  to  the  following  Resolution,  Viz' : — 

*'  The  Petition  of  the  Minister,  Wardens,  and  Vestry  of  Kings  Chappel 
in  Boston,  in  behalf  of  themselves  and  the  Congregation  that  usually 
attend  the  publick  Worship  of  God  there,  was  read,  and  after  some 
Debate  thereon  it  was  moved,  seconded,  and  Voted,  that  the  Hon"^ 
Andrew  Oliver,  Esq',  John  Steel,  Esq',  Thomas  Hancock,  Esq',  M'  John 
Tyng,  W.  Edward  Bromfield,  John  Fayerweather,  Esqr,  and  Mr  Hugh 
Vans  be  and  hereby  are  appointed  a  Comittee  to  prepare  the  Form  of 
a  Vote  in  answer  to  the  said  Petition  with  such  Conditions  and  Reserva- 
tions annexed  to  it  as  said  Comittee  shall  think  necessary  and  proper, 
and  they  are  desired  to  report  hereon  at  the  intended  Adjournment  of 
this  Meeting." 

The  Town,  according  to  their  Adjournment,  met  on  Monday,  the  I8'^ 
of  April,  when  the  Comittee  made  the  following  report :  — 

"  The  CoiTiittee  appointed  the  1 1*^  Instant  to  prepare  the  Form  of  a 
Vote,  in  answer  to  the  Petition  of  the  Minister,  Wardens,  and  Vestry  of 

1  The  "  Platts  "  have  unfortunately  disappeared  from  the  Town  Records,  as  I 
am  informed  by  Mr.  S.  F.  McCleary. 


THE   NEW   CHURCH.  59 

Kings  Chappel,  praying  for  a  Peice  of  Ground  in  order  to  inlarge  the 
Church,  having  maturely  considered  the  Affair,  have  agreed  to  Offer  the 
following  Draft  to  the  Town,  Viz' :  — 

"  That  the  Selectmen  be  impowered  to  make  a  legal  Conveyance  in 
behalf  of  the  Town  to  the  Petitioners  of  the  several  Peices  of  Land  and 
of  the  Priviledge  hereafter  mentioned,  upon  their  first  complying  with  or 
satisfying  the  Select  Men  with  Respect  unto  the  Terms  and  Conditions 
herein  required  of  them  ;  Viz',  a  Peice  of  Land  fronting  on  School  Street, 
extending  Thirty  feet  on  said  Street  from  the  East  End  of  Kings  Chapel, 
and  includes  the  Passage  way  into  the  Burying  Ground,  and  the  Westerly 
part  of  the  School  House  and  of  the  Yard  thereto  belonging,  measuring 
thirty-seven  feet  back  from  the  said  Street,  together  with  the  old  School 
House  and  other  Buildings  belonging  to  it,  being  partly  on  the  Premises 
and  partly  on  the  Towns  Land  adjoining,  to  be  removed  when  the  Town 
shall  require  it,  at  the  Expence  of  the  Petitioners ;  also  a  Strip  of  Land, 
Thirty  feet  in  Length  and  four  feet  wide,  extending  from  the  Northeast 
Corner  of  the  Old  Chappel  upon  a  Line  with  the  North  side  of  said 
Chappel,  in  order  to  erect  thereon  part  of  the  Walls  of  the  proposed 
New  Church ;  also  another  Strip  of  said  Width  adjoining  to  and  turning 
upon  a  Right  Angle  with  the  former,  thence  running  until  it  meets  the 
larger  Peice  herein  first  proposed  to  be  granted,  saving  a  Passage-way  of 
six  feet  wide  in  the  last-mentioned  Strip  thro'  the  Walls  of  the  new 
Church  in  some  convenient  Place  between  the  said  North-east  Corner 
and  the  Chancel  hereinafter  mentioned,  which  Entrance  shall  be  at  least 
six  feet  high,  leading  into  a  Peice  of  Burying  Ground  belonging  to  the 
Town,  which  Peice  measures  twenty-five  feet  North  and  South  and 
Twenty  feet  East  and  West. 

"Also  another  Peice  of  Land  in  form  of  an  half  oval  adjoining  East- 
erly upon  the  beforementioned  proposed  Grants,  and  extending  Fifteen 
feet  North  and  as  much  South  from  the  middle  of  the  Eastermost  Line 
thereof,  and  to  extend  ten  feet  farther  East  in  its  extream  Distance  from 
said  middle  Point  being  for  the  proposed  Chancel,  —  provided  there  shall 
be  still  left  a  Passage-way  of  at  least  eleven  feet  in  the  narrowest  Part 
between  said  Chancel  and  Mr  Cooke's  Line  into  the  Burying  Ground ; 
provided  also  that  the  Bodys  of  those  who  shall  be  known  to  lay  in  the 
said  Strips  of  Land  or  within  the  said  half  Oval  Peice  shall  be  decently 
taken  up  and  buryed  in  some  other  Part  of  the  Burying  Ground,  with 
the  Consent  of  their  Friends,  and  in  such  Manner  as  they  with  the  Select 
Men  shall  agree  to  and  direct,  or  when  no  Friends  shall  appear,  they 
shall  be  removed  as  the  said  Select  Men  shall  direct  at  the  Charge  of 
the  Petitioners. 

"  Also  a  Priviledge  to  extend  their  new  Building  over  the  aforesaid 
Peice  of  Burying  Ground  lying  to  the  Northward  of  the  present  School 
House  and  measuring  25  feet  by  20  as  afore-express'd  ;  provided  they 
do  not  carry  the  Floor  of  the  Church  or  otherwise  incumber  the  same 
within  eight  feet  of  the  surface  of  the  Earth  as  it  now  lays,  and  that  no 


6o  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Monuments  or  Grave  Stones,  either  within  or  without  the  Building,  be 
destroyed,  or  if  accidentally  broken  in  carrying  on  the  Work,  be  repaired 
at  the  Charge  of  the  Petitioners,  unless  they  shall  agree  with  the  Friends 
of  those  who  may  lay  buried  in  said  Peice  of  Ground,  or  where  no 
Friends  appear,  with  the  Selectmen,  to  remove  the  Bodys  in  Manner  as 
is  herein  provided  for  the  other  dead  Bodys  before-mentioned.  Then, 
and  in  such  Case,  that  the  Selectmen  be  impowered  likewise  to  convey 
to  the  Petitioners  said  Peice  of  Burying  Ground  and  the  Entrance  into 
it  herein  before  mentioned. 

"That  in  Consideration  of  the  proposed  Grants  before  mentioned, 
the  Petitioners  shall  procure  and  cause  a  legal  Title  to  be  made  to  the 
Town  of  a  certain  Peice  of  Land  over  against  the  present  Grammar 
School,  now  in  the  Occupation  of  the  Widdow  Green  and  others,  meas- 
uring Thirty-four  feet  and  a  half  or  thereabouts,  on  School  Street,  and 
running  97  feet  back  more  or  less,  bounded  on  the  West  by  Colli'  Wen- 
dell's Land,  and  Easterly  on  a  Passage  Way  leading  to  the  House  where 
Mr  Gunter  now  dwells,  together  with  the  Priviledge  of  the  said  Passage- 
way for  ever. 

"  Saving  to  the  Petitioners  a  Liberty  of  removing,  if  they  see  good, 
the  Buildings  now  upon  said  Land,  when  required  by  the  Select  Men  ; 
said  Petitioners  likewise  to  erect  upon  said  Land  a  New  School  House 
of  like  Dimentions  and  Accomodations  with  the  present,  and  finish  the 
same  in  like  decent  Manner,  to  the  Satisfaction  of  the  Selectmen,  unless 
the  Petitioners  should  propose  a  Sum  of  money  to  the  Acceptance  of 
the  Town  instead  of  erecting  the  said  Building. 

''  All  which  is  humbly  submitted  in  the  Name  and  by  Order  of  the 
Comittee.  "And'1'  Oliver." 

Which  Report  being  read  and  a  long  Debate  had  thereon,  it  was 
mov'd  and  seconded  that  the  following  Question  may  be  put;  viz^, 
whether  the  Town  have  Power  in  this  Meeting  to  appropriate  or  Dispose 
of  the  Land  on  which  the  South  Latin  School  stands  to  any  other  Use 
than  for  a  School,  the  Vote  of  the  Town  of  the  14*  i"°,  1655,  as  entered 
in  the  Town's  Records  notwithstanding ;  and  the  same  being  accordingly 
put.  It  was  voted  in  the  Affirmative.  And  then  on  a  Motion  made  and 
seconded,  the  following  Question  was  put ;  viz'.  Whether  the  Town  have 
Power  to  accept  of  the  said  Report  of  the  Committee,  the  Province 
Laws  of  the  fourth  of  William  and  Mary,  entituled  an  Act  for  regulating 
of  Townships,  choice  of  Town  Officers,  and  setting  forth  their  Powers, 
and  the  twelfth  of  Queen  Anne,  entituled  an  Act  directing  how  meetings 
of  Proprietors  of  Lands  laying  in  Common  may  be  called,  which  have 
been  now  read  notwithstanding ;  and  it  was  Voted  in  the  Affirmative. 

And  then  it  was  proposed  and  seconded  that  the  following  Question 
may  be  put ;  viz!,  Whether  the  said  Draft  of  a  Vote  as  prepared  by  the 
Committee  be  accepted.  Whereupon  it  was  moved  that  the  Vote  of 
Acceptance  of  said  Draft  may  be  determined  by  a  written  Vote,  and  that 


THE    NEW   CHURCH. 


6l 


those  Persons  that  are  for  accepting  said  Draft  and  passing  it  as  the  Vote 
of  the  Town  be  directed  to  write  Yea,  and  those  that  are  not  for  it  write 
Nay  ;  and  the  Question  being  put  whether  it  should  be  thus  determined  by 
a  written  Vote,  it  passed  in  the  Affirmative.  And  thereupon  the  Inhabi- 
tants were  directed  to  bring  in  their  Votes  in  writing,  and  such  of  'em  as 
were  for  accepting  of  said  Draft  of  a  Vote  as  prepared  by  the  Committee 
and  passing  the  same  as  the  Vote  of  the  Town  in  answer  to  said  Petition 
were  desired  to  write  Yea,  and  sucli  as  were  not  for  accepting  it  to  write 
Nay.  And  the  Inhabitants  proceeded  to  bring  in  their  Votes  ;  and  when 
the  Selectmen  were  receiving  'em  at  the  Door  of  the  Hall  they  observed 
one  of  the  Inhabitants,  viz',  John  Pigeon,  to  put  in  about  a  dozen  with 
the  Word  Yea  wrote  on  all  of  'em  ;  and  ^  being  charged  with  so  doing,  he 
acknowledged  it,  and  was  thereupon  Ordered  by  the  Moderator  to  pay 
a  Fine  of  Five  Pounds  for  putting  in  more  than  One  Vote  according  to 
Law,  and  the  Moderator  thereupon  declared  to  the  Inhabitants  that  they 
must  Withdraw,  and  bring  in  their  Votes  again  in  Manner  as  before 
directed,  and  the  Inhabitants  accordingly  withdrew,  and  the  Votes  being 
brought  in  and  sorted,  it  appeared  that  there  was  Four  Hundred  and  two 
Voters,  and  that  there  was 

Two  hundred  and  five  Yeas  and 
One  hundred  and  ninety  seven  Nays. 
Whereupon  it  was  declared  by  the  Moderator  that  the  said  Form  of  a 
Vote  was  accepted  and  passed  by  tlie  Town  accordingly.- 


1  The  Register  of  Baptisms  of  Christ 
Church  contains  the  following  :  "  1725-6. 
March  20.  John,  son  of  Henry  and 
Walter  Pedgeon,  was  Baptized."  From 
the  Vestry  Book  of  Christ  Church  it 
appears  that  John  Pidgeon  was  Senior 
Warden  in  1759,  1764,  1765,  1766,  and 
later  a  Vestryman. 

'■2  Among  the  Church  files  is  a  copy 
of  a  petition  "  To  the  Selectmen  of  the 
Town  of  Boston  Shew  The  Sub- 
scribers, Freeholders  and  Inhabitants  in 
said  Town, 

"  That  at  the  meeting  of  the  Inhab- 
itants on  Monday,  the  iS"^  Instant,  held 
by  Adjournment  from  the  1 1*  Instant,  to 
consider  the  Report  of  a  Committee  ap- 
pointed the  said  11*  Ins',  to  prepare  a 
Draught  of  a  Grant  to  be  made  the  Min- 
ister, Church  wardens,  and  Vestry  of 
King's  Chapell,  there  were  some  Irregu- 
laritys  in  the  Transactions  of  said  Meet- 
ing, which  may  open  a  Door  for  many 
Disputes  that  will  be  Attended  with 
unhappy  consequences  to  the  Commu- 
nity,—  Wherefore,  to  prevent  Conten- 
tion, and  that  there  may  be  no  Complaints 
that  any  of  the  Inhabitants  have,  by  any 


wicked  or  low  Artifice,  been  deprived  of 
giveing  their  Vote  upon  that  Affair,  but 
that  the  real  Sentiments  of  the  Inhabi- 
tants may  be  known  thereon,  — 

"  Your  Petitioners  Pray  (not  that  you 
would  call  a  New  Metting  of  the  Inhabi- 
tants, Who,  by  being  so  often,  lately, 
called  together,  have  been  greatly  har- 
rass'd  and  Suffer'd  much  damage,  but) 
that  you  wou'd  insert  in  your  next  War- 
rant for  Assembling  the  Inhabitants,  Our 
desire,  that  they  wou'd  be  pleased  to  re- 
consider the  Vote  of  the  I8'^  Instant, 
relateing  to  the  acceptance  of  the  afore- 
mentioned Report.  We  are.  Gentlemen, 
"Your  most  Hum.  Serv'.S 
"James  Halsy.  John  Smith. 

Will'?  Homer.  Jer=  Belknap. 

Obadiah  Cookson.     G.  Fevervear. 
Edward  Marion.       NathV  Holmes. 
Tho?   Fillebrown.     Moses  Tyler. 
SamV  Vaughn. 
Edw?  Proctor. 
John  Cookson. 
NathV  Langdon. 
"Boston,  April  25"^,  1748." 

May  10,  1748.  "  The  Town  entered 
upon  the  consideration  of  the  Petition 
of  several   Freeholders  that  the  Town 


62  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

The  Record  does  not  deign  to  note  one  further  fruitless  effort 
which  was  made  by  malcontents  to  obtain  a  reconsideration  of 
this  vote. 

This  Grant  being  conditional  and  the  Select  men  appointed  to  see  the 
Conditions  executed  if  complyed  with,  the  Petitioners  took  some  time 
to  deliberate  upon  them  and  to  judge  whether  it  were  prudent  to  accept 
them.  But  on  the  22^  of  April,  1748,  being  a  Meeting  of  the  Proprie- 
tors and  Subscribers  for  rebuilding  King's  Chapel,  it  was  unanimously 
voted, 

"That  they  accept  of  the  Towns  grant  of  Land  voted  to  them  on 
Monday,  the  iS"*  Instant.' 

It  was  then  and  there  also  proposed  to  chuse  a  Committee  who  should 
thenceforward  be  impower'd  to  transact  all  Affairs  relating  to  the  rebuild- 
ing the  Chapel,  and  by  vote  of  the  said  Proprietors  the  following  Gentle- 
men were  chosen ;  viz! : 

Charles  Apthorp,  Esq.  Treasurer. 

George  Cradock,  Esq. 

Eliakim  Hutchinson,  Esq. 

D'  John  Gibbins,  \-  Comittee. 

D'  Silvester  Gardner, 

M'  Thomas  Hawding, 

And  the  following  Instructions  were  voted  and  given  them  as  to  the 
Extent  of  their  Authority ;  viz' :  — 

"  That  the  said  Committee  are  hereby  impowered  to  do  and  act  every- 
thing necessary  towards  compleating  the  Agreement  between  the  Select 
Men  and  the  Petitioners  of  King's  Chapel  in  relation  to  the  New  Church. 
To  make  good  a  former  Agreement  with  Mf  Saltonstall  to  this  End.  To 
collect  all  Sums  of  money  subscribed,  or  that  shall  be  subscribed  towards 
rebuilding.  To  take  down  the  present  Chapel  when  it  shall  be  thought 
necessary,  and  to  purchase  Materialls  for  the  New  Church,  and  to  agree 
with  Workmen  and  others  necessary  to  be  employed  to  those  Purposes, 
and  in  general  to  do  and  transact  any  other  Thing  requisite  to  the  pru- 
dent Management  of  the  Premises." 

As  soon  as  the  Comittee  aforesaid  were  chosen,  they  drew  up  and 
delivered  to  the  Select  Men  the  following  Acceptance  of  the  Town's 
Grant ;  viz! :  — 

"  To  the  Select  Men  of  the  Town  of  Boston  now  sitting  at  Faneuil 
Hall. 

would  reconsider  their  Votes  Pass'd  the  long  Debate  thereon  the  following  Ques- 

l8">  of  April  last;  Relating  to  the  Ac-  tion  was  put  Viz!,  Whether  the  Town 

ceptance  of  the  Report  of  a  Committee  will   Sustain   the  said   Petition ;   and  it 

then  made  for  granting  a  Peice  of  Land  pass'd  in  the  negative  by  a  great  ma- 

to  the   Minister,  Church  Wardens,  and  jority."  — ^c;j-/^«    Town   Records,    1742- 

Vestry  of  Kings  Chappel  :   and  after  a  1757,  p.  151. 


THE   NEW   CHURCH.  63 

''  Pursuant  to  a  Vote  of  the  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel  we  the  Sub- 
scribers do  hereby  promise  to  comply  with  and  Execute  the  Conditions 
contained  in  the  Vote  or  Grant  of  the  Town  meeting  held  on  the  18!!; 
day  of  this  Instant  in  favour  of  the  Petitioners  of  s'!  Chapel.  Witness 
our  Hands  at  Boston,  22'"  April,  1748." 

[Signed  as  above.] 

The  Comittee  also  deputed  Ml"  Thomas  Hawding  to  Col"  Saltonstall 
(the  Owner  of  the  Land  upon  which  the  Town  insisted  to  have  the 
School  House  built)  ^  to  purchase  and  pay  for  the  said  Land,  which  was 
accordingly  done,  a  Deed  of  it  taken  in  the  Names  of  the  Coinittee, 
and  soon  after  another  executed  for  the  Conveyance  of  the  Piece  pro- 
posed for  a  School  to  the  Selectmen. 

Application  was  made  to  the  Friends  of  the  deceased  for  Liberty  to 
remove  the  Corps  which  fell  within  the  Granted  Liraitts,  that  being  one 
Condition  of  the  Grant ;  this  was  readily  and  unanimously  complyed 
with. 

Some  short  Time  before  the  Appointment  of  this  Coinittee  S.  Henry 
Frankland^  determining  to  go  for  England,  and  having  sundry  Times 
with  great  Kindness  proffered  his  best  Services  upon  his  Arrival  there  to 
collect  the  Donations  of  his  Friends  in  favour  of  the  Chapell,  a  Letter 
was  drawn  up  and  a  short  Address  to  well  disposed  People  inclosed. 
Copys  of  w''^  are  as  follows  :  — 

Boston,  April  1 2^,  1 748. 

Sir,  —  'Tis  with  much  Pleasure  we  entertain  so  favourable  an  Oppor- 
tunity of  prosecuting  the  Interest  of  our  New  Church  with  our  Friends 
at  home.  The  doing  of  it  thro  your  Hands  who  have  hitherto  so 
heartily  appeared  in  it  and  so  generously  contributed  towards  it,  we 
imagine  will  be  the  best  Method  to  convince  our  Friends  of  the  Neces- 
sity of  the  Thing  and  of  our  Inability  to  accomplish  it  without  their 
kind  Assistance.  The  several  Letters  we  have  sent  before  to  S""  Peter 
Warren  and  others  representing  the  decayed  and  ruinous  Condition  of 
King's  Chapel,  the  heavy  Charge  of  rebuilding  it,  and  the  generous  Sub- 
scriptions that  have  been  made  towards  it,  tho  far  short  of  what  the 
Charge  will  amount  to,  will  indeed  give  those  Gentlemen  some  distant 
Notion  of  what  we  are  doing ;  but  when  the  Matter  is  explained  and 
recommended  by  you  who  have  been  engaged  in  the  previous  Measures 
that  have  been  taken,  We  assure  our  Selves  the  Thing  will  appear  in  a 
more  favourable  Light,  and  more  readily  determine  their  concurring  to 
our  Request.  Assured  of  your  Readiness  to  undertake  the  Thing,  we 
have  presumed  to  inclose  a  Copy  of  the  Subscriptions  which  we  appre- 

1  Col.   Richard    Saltonstall    (son   of  His  third  wife  was   Mary,  daughter  of 

Col.    Nathaniel    of    Ipswich,   who   was  Elisha  Cooke, 
grandson  of  .Sir  Richard)   was  a  Judge  ^  See  Vol.  I.  515. 

of  the  Superior  Court  of  Massachusetts. 


64  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

hend  you  have  sufficient  Authority  to  recommend  to  any  Gentlemen 
generously  disposed,  both  from  our  present  Request  and  as  you  are  a 
Member  of  the  Vestry. 

Heartily  wishing  you  a  safe  Voyage  and  Success  in  this  and  in  your 
own  Affairs,  we  take  Leave  to  assure  you  that  we  are,  Sir, 

Your  most  Humble  Servants, 

H.  C,  J.  G. :  J.  B.  et  al. 
To  S''  Henry  Frankland. 

To  all  charitable  and  well  dispos'd  Persons  to  whom  the  inclosed  Sub- 
scription may  be  presented,  the  Minister,  Wardens,  and  Vestry  of  King's 
Chapel,  in  Boston,  send  Greeting. 

Whereas  the  Parish  Church  of  King's  Chapel  in  Boston  is  by  Time 
and  Accidents  gone  to  Decay,  and  is  therefore  found  necessary  to  be 
rebuilt.  The  Congregation  have  generously,  according  to  their  Ability, 
subscribed  towards  the  good  Work,  but  the  Sum  being  much  short  of 
what  so  great  a  Work  will  require,  we  have  presum'd  to  ask,  and  hereby 
do  heartily  desire  the  Assistance  of  all  charitable  well  dispos'd  Persons 
to  whom  our  Subscription  may  be  presented,  and  particularly  that  they 
will  be  pleas'd  to  pay  whatever  Sums  they  shall  think  proper  to  advance 
to  this  good  Design  to  our  very  good  Friend  Sf  Henry  Frankland, 
who,  as  he  has  been  a  very  liberal  Subscriber  towards  it,  and  is  himself 
a  Member  of  the  Vestry  of  said  Chapel,  we  have  presum'd  to  trouble 
with  the  inclos'd  Subscrij^tion,  and  to  desire  him  to  receive  and  trans- 
mitt  to  us  whatever  may  be  advanc'd  in  Consequence  of  this  our  humble 
Request. 

Your  favourable  Reception  of  which  will  engage  the  Prayers  and 
hearty  good  Wishes  of 

Your  Humble  Servants, 

H.  C,  J.  G. :  J.  B.,  etc. 
Done  at  Boston  in  N.  E. 
April  i2!l!,  1748. 

As  the  Transaction  of  Affairs  between  the  Town  and  the  Petitioners 
was  since  the  late  Grant  put  intirely  on  the  Town's  part  into  the  Hands 
of  their  Select  Men  ;  vizJ,  Thomas  Hancock,  Middlecot  Cooke,  John 
Steel,  Esq7,  and  Mess?  John  Tyng,  W"  Salter,  Sam'  Grant,  and  Thomas 
Hill,  so  these  Gentlemen  now  began  to  exercise  the  Patience  of  the 
Chapel  Comittee  in  as  severe  a  manner  as  the  Town's  Comittee  had 
done  before,  insisting  that  the  new  School  House  must  be  built  with 
Brick,  must  have  a  Cellar  under  it,  must  be  one  sixth  part  larger  than  the 
old  one,  and  must  have  a  Gambrell  Roof,  etc.  Conditions  each  of  them 
quite  foreign  to  the  Grant,  and  which  caused  sundry  Debates.  These 
and  severall  other  Difificultys  were  secretly  contriv'd  and  fomented  by 
some  litigious  People,  to  whom  the  Select  Men  gave  too  much  Counte- 
nance, particularly  by  M'  Lovell  the  School-master,  who  upon  very  many 


THE   NEW   CHURCH.  65 

Occasions  impertinently  dictated  in  the  Conduct  of  the  Affair,  and  fre- 
quently gave  Disturbance  both  to  the  Select  Men  and  the  CoiTiittee.  But 
since  one  Condition  of  the  Grant  was  that  the  Work  should  be  accom- 
plish'd  to  the  Satisfaction  of  the  Select  Men,  they  under  this  general  In- 
struction were  resolv'd  to  accept  nothing  but  what  was  agreeable  to  their 
own  Humours ;  Some  of  them  hoping  by  this  Means  intirely  to  defeat 
the  whole  Affair  and  render  it  ineffectuall.  It  must  be  indeed  confess'd 
that  others  of  the  Select  Men  thot  this  Proceeding  most  unreasonable, 
and  even  unchristian,  but  a  Majority  prevail'd ;  several  of  the  CoiTiittee 
thot  it  would  be  best  to  build  it  according  to  the  express  Words  of  the 
Grant  without  Regard  to  the  Select  Men,  but  others  esteem'd  it  an  unsafe 
Way,  as  the  Town  would  be  most  likely  to  justify  their  Select  Men, 
especially  in  an  affair  which  too  many  would  have  been  glad  any  way  to 
have  defeated. 

To  accommodate  the  Thing  in  some  better  manner,  it  was  proposed  to 
the  Select  Men  that  a  Sum  of  money  should  be  given  them,  and  that 
they  should  undertake  the  Building  to  their  own  Satisfaction,  as  there 
seem'd  to  be  Room  left  for  such  an  Agreement  by  a  Clause  in  the  Grant. 
To  this  Purpose  an  Estimate  was  obtain'd  from  sundry  Workmen  of  the 
Charge  of  a  Brick  School  House,  which  amounted  to  ^2,900,  and  of  a 
wooden  one  with  all  their  additional  Expence  of  Bigness,  Roof,  Cellar, 
etc.,  which  was  computed  at  ;^2,38o. 

The  CoiTiittee,  wearied  out  with  Opposition,  and  willing  to  put  an  End 
to  it,  offered  two  thousand  Pounds.  This  the  Select  Men  refus'd  to  accept, 
but  propos'd  that  if  they  might  be  allowed  ;^2,4oo,  and  the  Buildings 
then  standing  on  the  Ground,  they  would  try  if  by  Subscription  they 
could  raise  ^500  more,  and  if  so,  they  would  accept. 

Here  again  the  CoiTiittee,  astonished  at  the  unreasonableness  of  such 
Proposalls,  were  at  a  loss  what  to  do  ;  some  of  them  were  for  throwing 
up  at  last,  imagining  that  such  excessive  Charge  would  prevent  or  at  least 
greatly  retard  the  building  their  Church ;  but  after  consulting  some  other 
principal  Members  of  the  Church  they  came  to  the  following  Resolution  ; 
viz! : 

At  a  Meeting  of  the  CoiTiittee  for  rebuilding  King's  Chapel,  at  Eliakim 
Hutchinson's  Esq',  Tuesday,  28!!!  June,  1748, 

Voted  unanimously  that  we  make  an  Offer  to  the  Select  Men  of 
the  Sum  of  Twenty  four  hundred  Pounds  old  Ten[,  together  with  the 
buildings  now  on  the  Spott  of  Ground  where  the  School  is  to  be 
erected,  pursuant  to  a  Vote  of  the  Town  in  Consideration  of  their 
freeing  us  from  building  said  School,  and  that  the  said  Offer  be  made 
tomorrow. 

Agreeable  to  the  above  Vote,  Charles  Apthorp,  Esq',  in  the  Name 
and  at  the  Desire  of  the  CoiTiittee,  made  an  Offer  the  next  Day  to 
the  Select  Men  of  ;!^2,400  etc. :  upon  which  they  came  to  the  following 
Vote. 

VOL.   II.  —  5 


66  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Boston,  ss. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Select  Men,  June  2(^1,  1748,  Charles  Apthorp, 
Esq',  in  the  Name  of  the  Committee  of  the  Chapell,  offers  if  the  Select 
Men  will  build  the  School  as  proposed,  he  will  pay  them  or  their  Order 
Twenty  four  hundred  Pounds  old  Tenf.  Voted,  that  a  Subscription  be 
put  forward  in  order  to  compleat  the  Same  as  soon  as  may  be. 

It  was  now  imagined  that  a  speedy  End  would  have  been  put  to  this 
long  contested  Affair,  especially  as  the  Subscription  met  with  good  En- 
couragement from  sundry  Gentlemen  in  Town  ;  but  after  waiting  in  vain 
for  a  further  Answer  till  the  1 2*  of  July,  The  Committee  of  the  Chapel 
proceeded  to  the  following  votes,  vizi :  — 

At  a  Meeting  of  the  Comittee  for  rebuilding  King's  Chapell  at  D' 
Gardner's,  12!!!  July,  1748. 

1=.',  The  Question  being  put  whether  Application  shall  be  made  to 
Morrow  to  the  Select  Men  to  know  whether  they  accept  of  the  ^2,400 
offered  them  by  Charles  Apthorp,  Esq.,  in  behalf  of  the  Committee  with 
the  old  Buildings  now  upon  the  Land  where  the  New  Grammar  School 
is  by  Vote  of  the  Town  to  be  built  ? 

Pass'd  in  the  Affirmative. 

2?,  The  Question  being  put  whether  in  Case  the  Select  Men  shall 
refuse  the  above  Offer  that  tills  Committee  will  proceed  to  build  a  School 
agreeable  to  the  Vote  of  the  Town. 

Pass'd  in  the  Affirmative. 

3-,  The  Question  being  put  whether  in  Case  the  Select  Men  shall 
refuse  the  above  Offer  that  this  Comittee  will  make  application  to  know 
their  Sense  of  that  Expression  in  the  Grant  of  the  Town  to  the  Satisfac- 
tion of  the  Select  Men,  and  what  they  expect  from  this  Committee  in  Con- 
sequence of  the  said  Expression,  and  to  desire  their  Answer  in  writing. 

Pass'd  in  the  Affirmative. 

Agreeable  to  the  above  Votes  Application  was  the  next  day  made  to 
the  Select  Men,  who  in  answer  to  the  first  Vote  produced  the  following 
previous  Resolution  of  the  11!!!  July. 

Boston,  ss. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Select  Men,  July  \\%  1748,  The  Question  being 
put  whether  the  Select  Men  are  willing  and  content  to  receive  twenty 
four  hundred  Pounds  old  tenor,  as  offered  by  Charles  Apthorp,  Esq.,  in 
behalf  of  the  Comittee  of  King's  Chapel  with  the  Houses  now  standing 
on  the  land  whereon  the  new  Grammar  School  is  to  be  built,  and  dis- 
charge the  said  Comittee  from  building  said  School  and  that  the  Select 
Men  will  proceed  to  erect  said  School  as  soon  as  the  Subscription  is 
compleat,  in  Order  to  finish  the  said  Building  without  putting  the  Town 
to  any  Charge  ?  the  said  Question  being  put,  It  passed  in  the  Negative. 

The  Question  being  put  whether  the  Select  Men  will  now  determine 
that  the  Town  be  called  together  in  order  to  know  if  they  will  accept 


THE    NEW   CHURCH.  67 

the  aforesaid  Sum  of  twenty  four  hundred  Pounds  old  Tenor,  etc.     It 
passed  in  the  Negative. 

Upon  Receipt  of  this  and  in  Consequence  of  the  third  Vote  of  the 
Committee  of  the  i2'_l:  July  as  above,  Application  was  made  to  know  the 
Sense  of  that  Expression  in  the  Grant  of  the  Town,  to  the  Satisfaction 
of  the  Select  Men,  to  this  they  received  the  following  Answer ;  viz' ;  — 

Boston,  ss.  At  a  Meeting  of  the  Select  Men,  July  20^,  1748.  Being 
desired  by  the  Committee  of  King's  Chapel  on  the  13'J^  Ins!  to  inform 
them  what  School  we  think  will  be  to  the  Satisfaction  of  the  Select  Men, 
We  reply  a  Brick  House  of  the  Dimensions  following ;  viz' :  Thirty-four 
feet  Front  towards  School  Street,  Thirty-six  feet  deep  on  the  Passage,  and 
twelve  feet  Studd,  with  suitable  Doors  and  Windows,  and  finished  Work- 
manlike to  the  Acceptance  of  the  Select  Men,  with  House  of  Office, 
Wood  House,  etc. 

The  Committee  finding  it  in  vain  to  expect  any  Agreement,  and  having 
thus  obtained  a  Resolution  as  to  what  the  Select  Men  expected  from 
them  in  Consequence  of  the  above  Expression  in  the  Grant,  resolved 
now  to  proceed  in  building  the  School  House  themselves  with  all  pos- 
sible Expedition.  Accordingly  they  came  to  the  following  Articles  of 
Agreement  with  John  Indicott,  Carpenter,  and  with  Joshua  Blanchard 
and  Daniel  Bell,  Masons  ;  viz' :  — 

The  contracts  for  thus  building  the  new  School-house,  which 
are  given  in  full  in  the  Record,  were  for  the  amount  of  ^^1,430 
old  tenor  for  the  carpenter  work,  and  ^^"1,270  old  tenor  for  the 
bricklayers'  work.^ 

While  this  Affair  was  thus  in  Agitation,  the  Committee,  not  willing  to 
lose  time,  employed  themselves  in  collecting  the  first  Moiety  of  the  Sub- 
scription for  rebuilding  the  Chapell,  and  endeavor'd  to  inlarge  the  Num- 
ber of  Subscribers ;  and  to  this  purpose,  besides  what  was  done  at  home, 
they  wrote  sundry  Letters  to  Gentlemen  abroad,  —  the  first  to  S'  Edward 
Hawke,  as  follows  :  ^  — 

1  They  are   given   in  full,  from  our  white,  1747.     In  October,  1747,  with  his 

Records,  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Cata-  squadron,  he  defeated  the  French  under 

logue  of  the  Masters  and  Pupils  of  the  M.  de  L'Etendiere,  taking  six  ships-of- 

Boston  Latin  School,  1635-1885,  pp.  319-  war,  and  was  made  a  K.  C.  B.     In  1749 

322.  he  was  appointed  to  the  squadron  to  con- 

^  Son  of  Edward  Hawke,  Esq.,  of  Lin-  voy  the  new  settlers  to  Nova  Scotia ;  vice- 
coin's  Inn.  He  was  born  1705,  and  died  admiral  of  the  white,  1755.  April,  1758, 
Oct.  17,  1781.  In  1733,  he  was  com-  with  his  squadron,  he  broke  up  at  Aix 
mander  of  the  "Wolf"  sloop-of-war ;  a  F"rench  armament  for  America.  Nov. 
post-captain  March,  1733-34,  and  ap-  20,  1759,  he  defeated  and  destroyed  the 
pointed  to  the  "  Flamborough."  In  1740,  P'rench  fleet  under  the  Marquis  de  Con- 
he  commanded  the  "  Lark,"  40  guns,  and  flans,  near  Quiberon  ;  for  which  he  re- 
later  the  "  Portland,"  50  guns,  and  the  ceived  a  pension  of  ;^2,ooo  for  two  lives, 
"  Berwick,"  70  guns;  rear-admiral  of  the  and  the  public  thanks  of  the  House  of 


68  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Boston,  May  23''I',  1748. 

S^^ We,  the  Minister,  Treasurer,  and  Committee  of  King's  Chapel 

in  Boston  in  New  England,  humbly  beg  leave  to  Joyn  with  our  fellow 
Subjects  at  home  in  congratulating  the  late  Success  of  His  Majesty's 
Fleet  under  your  Happy  Conduct,  and  the  Honour  to  which  His  Majesty 
has  been  pleased  to  advance  you.  The  advantages  derived  to  you  from 
this  Accession  of  Honour  and  Fortune,  together  with  some  slender 
Acquaintance  w'!'  some  of  us  had  the  Pleasure  of  cultivating  with  you 
formerly  in  these  Parts,  is  that  w'^.''  encourages  us  to  lay  before  you  the 
Circumstances  of  Kings  Chapel  in  this  Town,  which  on  Account  of  its 
old  and  shattered  Condition  the  Congregation  have  undertaken  to 
rebuild.  A  Work  of  this  Nature  is  seldom  attempted  in  our  Mother 
Country  without  neighbouring  Assistance  ;  to  be  sure  it  is  impracticable 
to  us  in  our  present  immature  State  without  the  Help  of  Distant  Friends. 

The  Congregation  here  have  largely  subscribed  according  to  their 
Abilities,  and  some  Applications  we  have  made  to  our  Friends,  but  the 
present  Subscriptions,  tho'  generous,  fall  much  short  of  what  the  work  will 
reciuire.  We  hope,  therefore,  at  least  to  be  excused  for  the  Freedom  ot 
mentioning  this  Case  to  you,  and  of  promising  our  Selves  your  kind 
Notice  of  us.  A  Copy  of  our  Subscriptions  is  in  the  Hands  of  our 
very  good  Friend,  S'  Henry  Frankland,  now  in  London,  who  i^  one  of 
our  Vestry,  and  has  been  a  very  liberal  Benefactor  to  us,  with  wliom 
anything  advanc'd  in  our  Favour  may  properly  be  lodged. 

We  only  beg  Leave  to  add  our  hearty  Prayers  for  the  Continuance  of 
your  Health  and  Prosperity,  and  that  we  are,  with  much  Respect, 

Your  most  Obedient  and 

most  Humble  Serv*.'. 
To  Sir  Ediv'^  Hawke. 

They  also  wrote  to  Richard  Dalton,  Esql" :  "  Our  Persuasion 
of  your  Ability  and  good  Disposition,  confirmed  by  many  In- 
stances of  Charity  while  you  resided  among  us,  encourage  us 
to  apply  to  you,"  but  apparently  without  result.  These  letters 
were  sent  with  one  to  Sir  Henry  Frankland,  asking  him  to 
"  explain  the  matter  more  perfectly  to  Sir  Edward  if  need  so 
require."  But  although  much  was  hoped  from  Frankland's 
influence  at  home,  he  does  not  seem  to  have  found  the  task  of 

Commons.     Jan.  4,  1763,  he  was  made  tered  :    the    cautious   intrepidity   of   his 

rear-admiral,  and  Nov.   5,  1765,  vice-ad-  deliberations,  superior  even  to  the  con- 

miral,  of  England  ;  May  20,  1776,  he  was  quests  he  obtained  ;  the  annals  of  his  life 

advanced  to  the  peerage  by  the  title  of  compose  a  period  of  naval  glory  unpar- 

Baron   Hawke,  of  Tovvton.     His  noble  alleled  in  later  times,  for  wherever  he 

portrait  is  given  in  Charnock,  iv.     His  sailed  victory  attended  him:   a  prince, 

epitaph  records  that,  "  The  bravery  of  his  unsolicited,  conferred  on  him  dignities 

soul  was  equal  to  the  dangers  he  encoun-  he  disdained  to  ask." 


THE   NEW   CHURCH.  69 

soliciting  aid  more  agreeable  than  less  aristocratic  suppliants. 
"At  present,  all  my  Friends  and  Acquaintance  are  in  the 
Country,"  he  wrote,  "  so  nothing  can  be  done  before  the 
Winter."  ^ 

The  Committee  chose  M'  Barlow  Trecothick  "^  their  clerk,  to  take  down 
the  Mmutes  of  their  several  Meetings  and  afterwards  engross  them,  to- 
gether with  all 
Letters  and 
Messages  either 
sent  abroad  or 
received. 

While  the 
School  House 
was  building 
they  met   with 

much  vexation  and  Delay  from  the  various  Humours  of  the  Select  Men 
and  others,  but  especially  from  the  continued  Impertinence  of  M''  Lovel, 
the  Schoolmaster ;  indeed,  every  man  seemed  to  imagine  he  had  a  Right 
to  dictate  and  prescribe  his  own  Fancy  in  the  building,  but  the  Com- 
mittee endeavour'd  to  encourage  their  Workmen  to  proceed  thro'  all 
Opposition,  and  to  hearken  to  no  Alterations  but  what  the  Projectors 
would  become  bound  to  pay  for 

In  December  the  Committee  tho't  proper  to  write  to  M'  Tho?  Lech- 
mere  2  and  M!"  John  Thomlinson  to  beg  their  Assistance  and  Interest  in 
favour  of  the  Work  in  Hand.  .  .  . 

Boston,  DecT  12*,  1748. 

S!!,  — .  .  .  We  are  obliged  to  presume  upon  the  kind  Notice  of  our 
Friends  at  Home.  You  have  undertaken  as  a  member  of  the  Society  for 
Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  these  Parts  to  promote  the  settling  and 
establishing  New  Churches  in  the  Country,  and  we  therefore  imagine  it 
not  foreign  to  your  Design  or  Inclination  to  preserve  one  that  is  already 

1  See  his  letter,  at  p.  156,  post.  Trecothick   was   known   to   be    friendly 

2  Afterward  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  to  the  colony,  and  in  1769  copies  of  the 
See  p.  126,/iJj'/.  The  "  Heraldic  Journal,"  Appeal  of  the  Town  of  Boston  were  or- 
iv.  91,  says  :  "  Burke  gives  his  arms, '  Or  dered  to  be  sent  to  him,  as  well  as  to 
a  chevron  between  three  round  buckles,  Barre,  Pownall,  Franklin,  etc.  He  died 
sable.'  He  was  born  in  London  ;  yet  his  June  2,  1775,  and  his  property  passed 
mother  lived  here  for  a  time,  and  his  to  his  nephew,  James  Ivers  (son  of  his 
nearest  relatives  were  of  this  town,  sister  Hannah),  who  was  born  in  Boston, 
His  brother,  Mark  Trecothick,  mariner,  and  died  in  London  September,  1843, 
of  Boston,  in  his  will,  Aug.  2,  1745,  £Et.  90.  He  assumed  the  name  of  Treco- 
mentions  members  of  the  family.  The  thick."  A  sketch  of  the  descendants  is 
mother,  Hannah,  was  widow  of  Mark  given  as  above,  pp.  92-94. 
Trecothick,  who  died  in  1734.     Barlow  ^  Then  temporarily  in  England. 


70 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


settled  and  which,  as  it  is  the  Mother  Church  in  these  Parts,  must  give 
Countenance  or  Discouragement  to  all  the  rest  in  Proportion  to  its 
Increase  or  Decline.  We  have  many  Difificultys  to  contend  with  in  this 
Undertaking  which  occasion  much  Expence,  and  which  call  for  the 
Countenance  and  Assistance  of  such  as  are  Friends  to  our  happy  Con- 
stitution. We  assure  our  Selves  that  we  may  number  you  among  the  first 
of  these,  and  therefore  beg  Leave  to  promise  our  Selves  your  kind  Notice 
of  our  Request,  .  ,  . 

To  Ml  jfohn  T/iomlinson. 

To  these  were  added  two  other  Letters,  viz! :  — 

Boston,  Dec'  19*!",  1748. 
M''  THof  Coram  :  ^ 

S^^  —  We  the  Subscribers,  the  Minister  and  Committee  appointed 
for  rebuilding  Kings  Chapel  in  this  Town,  Considering  your  Attachment 
to  the  Church  of  England  and  upon  how  many  occasions  you  have 
exerted  your  Interest  and  Influence  in  favour  of  the  Infant  Churches  in 
this  Country,  have  tho't  proper  to  lay  before  you  the  present  state  of  our 
Affairs. 

Kings  Chapel,  w!^  was  the  first  Church  in  New  England,  is  now  worn 
out  and  become  necessary  to  be  rebuilt ;  it  is  a  Work  in  itself  too  burthen- 
some  for  an  Infant  People,  and  has  been  rendered  much  more  so  by  the 
violent  Opposition  of  the  Dissenters  and  the  unreasonable  Charges  they 
have  brot  upon  us  in  the  Purchase  of  a  small  peice  of  ground  for  its 
Inlargement.  It  has  by  their  Management  cost  us  upwards  of  ^4,000 
for  Liberty  to  lengthen  the  Building  about  20  or  30  feet,  and  this  has 
so  much  lessened  our  Fund  that  we  must  despair  of  proceeding  without 

1  See  Vol.  1. 186.  The  famous  founder  which,  in  the  original,  was  rough  and 
of  the  Foundling  Hospital  in  London,  forbidding."  He  died  in  London,  March 
who  made  his  fortune  in  the  American  29,  1751,  in  the  84th  year  of  his  age,  and 
plantations,  was  supposed  to  be  par-  was  buried  with  imposing  rites  from 
ticularly  likely  to  be  interested  in  the  the  chapel  of  his  hospital.  See  his  Bi- 
prosperity  of  King's  Chapel,  as  he  had  ography  (manuscript),  by  S.  Jennison,  in 
probably  been  a  worshipper  there  when  Amer.  Antiq.  Soc.  Library.  Dickens 
in  Boston  many  years  before.  He  is  sup-  gave  an  interesting  account  of  him  in 
posed  to  have  been  settled  in  Taunton  his  "Household  Words."  The  name  of 
previous  to  1692.  He  married  a  daugh-  Tatty  Coram  in  "  Little  Dorrit "  was 
ter  of  John  Wait,  probably  in  Massa-  probably  derived  from  the  philanthropist, 
chusetts,  about  1700,  and  left  Taunton  Jennison  says :  "  This  worthy  man,  bav- 
in 1703.  He  is  said  to  have  spent  the  ing  laid  out  his  fortune  and  impaired  his 
earlier  part  of  his  life  in  command  of  a  health  in  acts  of  charity  and  mercy,  was 
vessel  trading  to  America.  In  1718  he  reduced  to  poverty  in  his  old  age.  An 
was  largely  interested  in  a  scheme  for  annuity  of  ;(^ioo  was  privately  purchased, 
colonizing  Nova  Scotia.  Among  his  and  when  it  was  presented  to  him  he 
charitable  interests  was  the  school  for  said :  '  I  did  not  waste  the  wealth  that  I 
Indian  girls  at  Stockbridge;  and  he  was  possessed  in  self-indulgence  or  vain  ex- 
one  of  the  original  trustees  for  the  col-  pense,  and  am  not  ashamed  to  own  that 
ony  of  Georgia.  Hogarth  painted  his  in  my  old  age  I  am  poor.' "  See  also  p. 
portrait,  which  expresses  "a  natural  92, /d);/,  and  Amer.  Antiq.  Soc.  Proc.  for 
dignity  and  great  benevolence,  in  a  face  April,  1892,  n.  s.  viii.  133-148. 


THE   NEW   CHURCH.  7 1 

the  kind  Assistance  of  some  Friends  at  home.  A  Few  Applications  of 
this  Nature  we  have  made  to  S'  Peter  Warren,  to  S'  H.  Frankland,  now 
in  England ;  but  we  have  address'd  to  none  who  have  shown  a  greater 
Readiness  and  Zeal  to  appear  in  behalf  of  the  Church's  Interest  than 
your  self.  .  .  . 

The  other  to  his  Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  :  ^  — 

Boston,  Dec.  19"',  1748. 

May  it  please  your  Grace,  —  To  receive  the  humble  Address  of  the 
Minister,  Wardens,  and  Vestry  of  Kings  Chapel  in  this  Place.  Our 
Distance  has  prevented  us  from  being  among  the  first  who  have  con- 
gratulated your  Grace's  Translation  to  the  See  of  Canterbury,  but  we 
assure  our  selves  that  none  have  done  it  with  greater  Sincerity  or  I^leas- 
ure.  Distant  as  we  are  from  your  Grace's  imediate  Notice,  we  are 
no  strangers  to  the  Report  of  that  Merit  which  our  Gracious  Sovereign 
has  tho't  proper  to  reward  with  the  most  exalted  Station  in  the  Church. 
We  sincerely  bless  that  good  Providence  of  God  which  has  called  forth 
your  Grace's  Activity  to  preside  and  direct  the  Affairs  of  his  Church  at 
a  time  wf'  manifestly  requires  a  distinguished  Measure  of  Ability  and 
Zeal  to  oppose  itself  to  the  Efforts  of  Infidelity,  Popery,  and  Enthusiasm 
which  seem  to  be  conspiring  tne  Destruction  of  our  Ecclesiastical  Con- 
stitution. Nor  will  any  Loyal  Subject  forget  your  Grace's  vigourous 
and  noble  Opposition  to  the  late  presumptuous  Invasion  of  our  civil 
Liberties. 

We  have  frequently  been  honoured  with  the  Notice  of  your  Predeces- 
sors, and  beg  Leave  in  like  manner  to  hope  for  your  Grace's  Favour ; 
and  upon  this  Occasion  particularly  we  think  it  our  Duty  to  Acquaint 
your  Grace  that  we  are  ingaged  in  rebuilding  this  antient  Church,  the 
first  in  these  Parts  of  New  England.  In  which  expensive  Work,  as  your 
Grace's  Interest  and  Assistance  would  very  much  encourage  and  pro- 
mote our  Success,  so  we  humbly  beg  Leave  to  hope  that  the  first  Instance 
of  your  Care  for  these  remote  and  Infant  Churches  will  distinguish  it  self 
in  our  Favour. 

We  have  presumed  to  enclose  a  Copy  of  our  subscription,  which, 
tho'  far  short  of  what  the  Work  will  require,  is  yet  an  Evidence  of  the 
Zeal  and  good  Dispositions  of  the  People  here. 

One  Favour  more  we  presume  to  ask,  w!?  is  your  Grace's  Blessing, 
together  with  Leave  to  profess  ourselves. 

May  it  please  your  Grace, 
Your  Grace's  most  dutiful, 

Most  Obed!  and  most  Humble  Serv!'. 

1  Right  Rev.  Thomas  Herring,  D.D.,  He  had  been  active  in  organizing  resist- 

born    1693,    E-A-    Cambridge,    Dean   of  ance  to  the  Pretender  in  the  Rebellion 

Rochester  1731,  Bishop  of  Bangor  1737,  of  1745,  and  was  rewarded  by  translation 

Archbishop  of  York   1743,  Archbishop  from  York  to  the  Primacy, 
of  Canterbury  1747,  died  March  13,  1757. 


1^ 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


The  former  of  these  was  seconded  by  one  from  the  Rev'^  D'  Miller  i 
reccommending  its  Contents.  As  the  School  House  was  now  near  com- 
pleated,  the  Committee  turned  their  thots  upon  the  Affair  of  Materials 


for  the  Chapel  and  to  finish  the  Collection  of  the  first  Payment  of  the 
Subscription.  Benj.  Faneuil  Esqf  had  been  handsomely  ask'd  for  his 
Brother's  Subscription,  to  whom  he  was  Executor,  but  he  refus'd  to  pay 
it ;  '^  however,  the  Church  Wardens  were  desired  to  wait  upon  him  once 


1  The  Rev.  Ebenezer  Miller  of  Brain- 
tree,  S.T.D.,  Oxford,  1747.  See  Vol.  L 
25S.   . 

2  The  "  Heraldic  Journal,"  ii.  121, 
condenses  the  account  of  the  Faneuils 
in  "  Dealings  with  the  Dead." 

In  1685,  lived  in  or  near  Rochelle  in 
France  three  brothers  and  two  sisters, 
Benjamin,  Andrew,  John,  Susanna,  and 
Jane.  John  and  Susanna  being  Catholic 
remained  there.  Jane  was  Huguenot, 
married  Pierre  Cossart,  and  died  in  Ire- 
land. Andrew  settled  in  Boston  as  early 
as  1709,  married  [sine  prole),  and  acquired 
large  fortune  by  commerce,  which  he  left 
to  his  nephew  Peter.  The  "  Boston 
Weekly  News  Letter,"  16-23  Feb.,  1738, 
says:  "  Lafl  Monday  the  corpfe  of  An- 
drew Faneuil,  Efq.,  whofe  Death  we  men- 
tioned in  our  laft,  was  honourably  Interr'd 
here;  above  iioo  Perfons,  of  all  Ranks, 
befides  the  Mourners,  following  the 
corpfe  ;  alfo  a  vafl  number  of  Spectators 
were  gathered  together  on  the  Occafion, 
at  which  time  the  half-minute  Guns  from 
on  board  feveral  Veffels  were  difcharged. 
And  'tis  fuppofed  that  as  this  Gentle- 
man's Fortune  was  the  greatefl:  of  any 
among  us,  fo  his  Funeral  was  as  gener- 
ous and  expenfive  as  any  that  has  been 
known  here." 

Peter,  who  died  unmarried,  dispensed 
generously  from  his  fortune.  He  offered 
Trinity  Church  ;^ioo  towards  buying  an 
organ  in  1741 ;  gave  the  town  the  Market 
House,  since  called  by  his  name,  which 
was  accepted  not  without  ungracious  op- 
position.    His  father  Benjamin  married 


in  1699  Anne  Bureau,  and  settled  in  New 
Rochelle,  N.  Y.  He  had  eleven  chil- 
dren ;  of  whom  Peter's  heir,  Benjamin, 
married,  and  had  Benjamin,  Peter,  and 
Mary,  who  married  George  Bethune,  who 
died  October,  1785. 

The  old  files  contain  "  The  Case  of 
M";  Peter  Faneuil's  Subscription. 

"  2  Nov'^''  1747.  Sundry  Parishioners 
of  the  Parish  of  King's  Chapel  began  a 
Subscription  under  this  title  viz.  '  A  List 
of  the  Subscribers  towards  rebuilding 
the  King's  Chapel  in  Boston.'  The  Sub- 
scription money  to  be  paid  into  the  hand 
of  Peter  Faneuil,  Esq'',  in  three  equal 
payments ;  the  first  to  be  made  when  ten 
thousand  pounds  shall  be  subscribed, 
the  second  in  Six  months  after  the  work 
is  begun,  and  the  third  in  Six  months 
after  the  Second  payment.  The  build- 
ing to  be  of  Stone  and  to  cost  ^25,000, 
in  bills  of  Credit  of  the  old  tenor. 

"  They  proceed  subscribing  their 
Names  and  their  respective  Subscription 
money ;  and  among  the  rest  Peter  Fan- 
euil, Esq'',  subscribes  in  these  words,  viz. 
'  Peter  Faneuil  two  hundred  pounds 
Sterl. ; '  and  by  the  thirtieth  of  Sept^ 
1747,  they  had  subscribed  to  the  amount 
of  ;^  10,000. 

"  In  this  mean  time  M''  Peter  Faneuil 
dieth,  having  paid  no  part  of  his  sub- 
scription money ;  M''  Benjamin  Faneuil 
taketh  out  letters  of  Administration 
on  his  Estate,  and  utterly  refuseth  to 
pay  it. 

"  Q.    Is  he  obliged  to  pay  it  ? 

"  A.    He  cannot  avoid  it,  for 


PETER    FANEUIL. 


THE    NEW   CHURCH. 


11 


more,  w'^^  they  did,  and  l^efore  Witness  demanded  liis  first  Payment,  and 
left  a  Coppy  of  their  Demand  in  Writing.  As  he  absolutely  refused  Pay- 
ment, the  Committee,  after  previous  Consultation  of  Gent"  learned  in 
the  Law,  commenc'd  an  Action 
against  him  in  the  Name  of  the 
Wardens  for  recovery  of  his  said 
Brother's  Subscription.  Upon  re- 
ceiving the  Writ  he  sent  to  the 
Wardens  and  Minister  of  the 
Chapel  to  demand  his  Brother's 
Arms  to  be  taken  down  from 
thence  and  delivered  to  him ;  to 
which  he  received  a  decent  An- 
swer and  Excuse  that  it  was  a 
matter  out  of  their  Power.  The 
Committee  had  a  fair  Pretense  to 
the  above  Demand,  since  Mf  Sher- 
man, Executor  to  Mf  Caswal,  had 
lately  paid  the  said  W.  Caswal's 
Subscription  of  the  same  Tenor  and  Date  with  M'  Faneuil's. 

The  Committee  had  formerly  obtained  Liberty  of  the  Friends  of  the 
deceased  for  removing  the  Corps  that  lay  in  the  Range  of  the  Founda- 
tion   of  the   Building   proposed ;  ^  and   since  upon  Condition   of  like 


ARMS   OF   FANEUIL. 


"  I.  The  Intestate  by  subscribing  his 
name  and  Subscrijjtion  money  promiseth 
the  payment  of  that  Sum  according  to 
the  above-written  title. 

"  2.  The  Consideration  is  to  forward 
the  rebuilding  of  the  Church  for  the 
Service  of  God  Almighty,  which  makes 
that  promise  a  vow,  and  binds  him  by  his 
Religion  to  God. 

"  3.  As  the  Parishioners  are  the  par- 
ties to  improve  this  Church  in  Divine 
Service  for  their  benefit,  the  promise  is 
made  to  them.  As  when  a  man  in  Com- 
mon form  writes,  '  I  promise  to  pay  to 
A.  B.  or  order  five  pounds  on  demand,' 
and  Subscribeth  his  Name,  the  promise 
is  made  to  A.  B. 

"  4.  The  Church  Wardens  only  are 
known  officers  at  the  Common  Law, 
able  to  recover  any  goods  and  Chattels 
belonging  to  the  Parishioners.  .  .  .  And 
shall  recover  this  Subscription  money 
of  My  Benja  Faneuil. 

"  16  Dec,  1748,  the  Opinion  of  Jn" 
Read."    See  p.  97,/(7j/'. 

^  That  the  consent  was  not  in  all 
cases  cheerfully  given  is  shown  by  this 
touching  letter  from  the  Church  files : 


"  Mr.  George  Cradock  and 

Mr.  Charles  Apthorp  : 

"  Gentlemen,  —  I  have,  by  Esq'' 
Kenck's  favour  the  Letter  you  wrote  me 
of  the  21^?  Instant  concerning  a  piece  of 
the  burying  place  that  the  town  of  Bos- 
ton has  granted  to  the  congregation  of 
King's  Chappel,  in  which  the  graves  of 
several  persons  who,  in  their  life  time, 
were  the  nearest  and  dearest  to  me  of  any 
in  the  world.  Graves,  burying  places, 
Tombs,  and  Monuments  of  the  Dead, 
have  always  been  and  still  are  esteemed, 
by  all  civilized  people  and  Nations, 
Sacred  and  inviolable  ;  and  why  they  are 
not  reckoned  so  by  the  Inhabitants  of 
Boston,  justly  accounted  by  all  that  ever 
came  among  'em  the  civilest  people  in 
the  world,  I  cannot  imagine.  I  think  the 
Town  in  granting  it  did  that  they  had 
no  right  to  do ;  no  more  right  to  do  it 
than  they  have  to  carry  me,  by  force,  to 
the  coast  of  Barbary  and  sell  me  there 
for  a  Slave.  That  bury  place,  as  now 
fenced  in,  together  with  the  ground 
King's  Chappel  stands  upon,  and  that 
ground  fenced  in  about  it  to  the  south- 
ward and  westward  of  it,  was  a  parcel 


74 


ANNALS   OF   KING'S   CHAPEL. 


Liberty  as  to  those  which  would  be  covered  by  any  part  of  the  Church, 
the  Select  Men  were  impowered  by  the  Grant  of  the  Town  to  convey 
the  Fee  of  said  Land  to  the  Parishioners  of  King's  Chapel,  the  Com- 
mittee proposed  to  enter  upon  this  Affair,  and  Charles  Apthorp  and  Geo: 
Cradock,  Esqs.,  were  desired  to  negotiate  the  Matter ;  and  the  following 
Writing  was  drawn  up  to  be  offered  the  Friends  of  the  deceased  to  sign 
in  order  to  the  desired  Acquittance,  w'i^  was  accordingly  compleated  and 
deliv'.'  into  the  Select  Men's  Office,  to  be  there  recorded,  viz' :  — 

"  Be  it  known  to  all  whom  these  Presents  may  concern,  that  we  the 
.Subscribers  do  hereby  agree  and  give  our  free  Consent  that  the  Church 
Wardens  or  other  publick  Officers  of  King's  Chapel  shall  have  Liberty 
to  remove  the  Bodys  of  our  Friends  or  any  of  them  that  shall  be  found 
to  lie  within  the  Ground  granted  by  the  Town  for  rebuilding  the  said 
Chapel,  if  it  shall  seem  necessary  to  the  Wardens  or  other  Publick 
Officers  of  said  Church.  Or,  if  the  said  Bodys  of  our  Friends  or  any 
of  them  shall  in  their  present  Situation  be  deem'd  not  inconvenient  to 
the  Building  propos'd,  in  that  Case  we  do  also  agree  to  remitt  all  our 
Right  and  Title  to  the  said  Ground  or  any  part  thereof  to  the  Parish- 
ioners of  King's  Chapel  forever,  to  be  under  the  Directions  of  the  War- 


of  Land  Set  apart  and  appropriated  to 
be  a  burying  place,  for  ever,  for  the 
Inhabitants  of  Boston,  from  the  very 
first  Setling  of  the  Town ;  so  that  the 
Inhabitants  of  Boston  cannot  without 
great  injustice,  both  to  Dead  and  liv- 
ing, convert  it  to  any  other  use,  ex- 
cept in  Some  case  altogether  extraor- 
dinary. How  and  when  King's  Chappel 
at  first  got  its  standing  where  it  now 
stands  is  well  known  to  several  ancient 
persons  now  living  in  Boston.  But  not 
to  multiply  words,  but  to  have  done. 
The  town,  You  say,  has  granted  to  the 
aforementioned  congregation  a  piece  of 
their  burying  place,  and,  no  doubt,  it  will 
be  converted  to  the  use  and  purpose  for 
which  it  was  asked  and  granted,  —  that 
is,  the  graves  will  be  dug  up,  and  a  foun- 
dation laid  in  them  for  a  Chappel.  I  can- 
not, I  wish  I  could,  hinder  it ;  not  out 
of  any  ill  will  to  the  truely  Worshipful 
and  Honourable  Congregation  of  King's 
Chappel,  but  out  of  a  tenderness  for  the 
Dust  of  the  once  dear  persons  that  ly 
buried  there.  —  Gentlemen,  what  must 
be,  will  be.  I  cannot  consent  to  what 
You  are  about  to  do,  tho'  You  say,  Ten 
other  persons  concerned  there  have  con- 
sented. The  only  thought  I  have  to 
comfort  myself  withal  in  the  matter  is, 
that  what  will  be  done  on  that  piece  of 


ground  will  be  done  under  the  inspection 
and  direction  of  sober,  worthy  Gentle- 
men, who,  I  am  well  assured,  will  suffer 
nothing  to  be  done  indecently.  —  As  to 
the  burying  again  what  may  be  taken 
out  of  the  graves,  if  they  should  be  dug 
up,  any  one  place  in  the  burying-place 
will  be  as  good  as  another.  I  thank 
You  for  the  kind  notice  You  have  been 
pleased  to  take  of  me,  and  for  the  trouble 
You  have  given  your  Selves  in  writing  to 
me  ;  and  pray  You  to  believe  that  I  shall 
always  retain  a  grateful  Sense  of  your 
favour;  who  am  yo''  Obliged  and  Hum- 
ble Serv', 

"William  Andram. 

"  Providence,  April  the  2g%  1748." 

The  savor  of  mortality  is  in  the  fol- 
lowing :  — 

"  Boston,  September  i,  1749.  The  Com- 
nietty  of  the  King's  Chappell  to  Thomas 
Williston  and  Nathanael  band, 

For  Atendence  the  Dighers  and 
Mufing  74  Corps  at  14  Shillcns 
A  Pes,  and  buring  them  Again  £51.  16.  o 
abated  by  Agreement   .     .     11.  16.0 


£40,  00.  o 


Nov.  9,  1749.   to  buring  fivebodis 
of  bones  in  a  box  .  old  tenner 


I.  o.  7' 


o 

w 

o 

o 

o 


o 


THE   NEW   CHURCH. 


75 


dens  and  Officers  of  said  Church,  as  Witness  our  Hands  at  Boston  this 
I  f^  Day  of  February,  1 748. 


Hugh  McDaniel 

Hugh  Paul 
Mary  Oliver 

Stephen  Nazro 
Samuel  Roberts 


For  } 

For  j 
For 

For  < 
Fori 


John  Tuckerman,  Sen?    For 


Ann  Browne. 
Palti  Browne. 
Matt.  Browne. 
M?  Silvester. 
Sarah  Taylor. 
Oliver  the  Carpenter. 
Matthew  Nazro. 
Hannah  Nazro. 
Lazarus  Nazuo. 
Elizabeth  Roberts. 
Nathan  Roberts. 
Thomas  Gent. 
Sarah  Baker. 


Upon  the  strictest  Inquiry  we  can  >> 
make  among  the  Porters  and  Grave  I 
Diggers,  we  can't  find  these  five  have  )■  viz 
any  surviving  Relations  in  this  Town 
or  Country. 


Mary  Fox. 

Remember  Green. 
■{  John  Parker. 
I   Samuel  Bason. 
^  Margaret  Nell. 

Charles  Apthorp." 


This  and  all  other  Obstacles  being  now  removed.  The  School,  com- 
pleatly  finished,  was  tendered  to  the  Select  Men  for  their  Approbation 
and  Acceptance  ;  who,  after  viewing  and  examining  the  same,  came  to  the 
following  Resolution,  from  w"?'.'  Mf  Tyng  only  (persisting  in  his  unreason- 
able Opposition  to  the  Church)  dissented,  viz' :  — 

Boston,  ss. 

At  a  Meeting  of  the  Select  Men,  March  6'!^  1 748.  Present,  M:  Han- 
cock, Capt.  Steel,  Capt.  Salter,  M'  Tyng,  Mf  Grant,  and  Mr.  Hill. 

D'.  Silvester  Gardiner  and  M--  Thomas  Hawding,  two  of  the  Comittee 
for  Kings  Chapel,  attended  the  Select  Men  on  the  i-'  Instant  and  in- 
form'd  that  they  were  desired  by  said  Coiiiittee  to  let  'em  know  that  the 
School  by  them  erected  on  the  South  side  of  School  Street  on  the  Land 
by  them  purchased  of  Rich!^  Saltonstall,  Esq.  and  Mary  his  Wife,  and  for 
which  they  gave  a  Deed  to  the  Select  Men  for  the  Use  of  the  Town  of 
Boston  in  April  last,  is  now  finished,  as  they  apprehend,  in  such  a  Manner 
as  is  required  by  the  Vote  of  the  Town  desiring  the  Select  Men  to  view 
said  School,  and  if  they  judge  it  is  finished,  to  accept  thereof  for  the  Use 
of  the  Town  ;  and  accordingly  on  Fryday  last  M'  Hancock  and  M' 
Cooke,  Capt.  Salter,  M::  Grant  and  M":  Hill  went  to  said  School  House 
and  there  met  D:  Gibbins,  Df  Gardiner  and  M":  Hawding,  CoiTiittee,  etc., 
and  fully  veiwed  said  School,  and  think  the  same  is  compleatly  finished 
according  to  the  Vote  of  the  Town  in  April  last,  and  that  the  same  ought 
to  be  accepted  by  the  Town ;  and  now  the  Question  being  put,  whether 
the  Select  Men  will  accept  of  said  School  for  the  use  of  the  Town, 


76 


ANNALS   OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


Voted  in  the  Affirmative,  and  that  the  Select  Men  accordingly  give  'em  a 
Deed  of  the  Lands  granted  to  the  said  Chapel  in  April  last.  M'  John 
Tyng,  one  of  the  Select  Men,  disagreed  to  the  Acceptance  of  the  School, 
not  having  veivved  the  same,  and  also  disagreed  to  giving  the  Deed 
aforesaid.^ 

The  Committee  being  now  freed  from  the  Vexation  and  Trouble  their 
frequent  Attendance  on  the  Affair  of  the  School  had  so  long  given  them, 
were  more  at  Leisure  to  revive  the  main  Business  of  procuring  farther 
Subscriptions,  w"'''  they  resolved  imediately  to  pursue,  as  well  as  to  con- 
sider of  the  best  Methods  to  procure  Materials  for  carrying  on  the  Work 
so  soon  as  their  Fund  would  admit  of  it. 

In  order  to  make  an  Estimate  of  the  Quantity  and  Cost  of  the  Mate- 
rials, it  was  necessary  to  fix  on  some  Plan  of  the  building ;  for  w''''  Pur- 
pose the  Rev.  Mr.  Caner  projected  one,  and  also  wrote  the  following 
Letter  to  Mr.  Harrison,  of  Rhode  Island,  a  Gent"  of  good  Judgment  in 
Architecture.^ 

Boston,  5th  April,  1749. 
Mr.  Peter  Harrison  : 

Sir,  —  The  Committee  appointed  to  have  the  Care  of  rebuilding 
King's  Chapel  in  this  Town,  as  they  design  with  all  convenient  Expedi- 
tion to  proceed  in  the  Business  committed  to  their  Trust,  have  desired 
me  to  acquaint  you  that  they  should  esteem  it  a  Favour  if  you  would 
oblige  them  with  a  Draught  of  a  handsome  Church  agreeable  to  the 
Limitts  hereinafter  assigned. 

The  Length  of  the  Church  from  West  to  East,  including  the  Steeple, 
is  to  be  120  feet,  besides  which  there  will  be  10  feet  allowed  for  a  Chan- 
cel. The  breadth  is  to  be  65  feet  8  inches.  The  Ground  has  a  Declivity 
of  about  5  feet  from  West  to  East.  It  is  bounded  with  a  fair  Street  on 
the  West  End,  and  another  on  the  South  Side.  The  North  side  has  a 
large  open  Space  or  Burying  Ground.  The  East  End  is  bounded  by 
private  Property  at  about  12  feet  distance.  As  the  cheif  Beauty  and 
Strength  of  Building  depends  upon  a  due  Proportion  of  the  several 
Members  to  each  other,  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Committee  are  encour- 
aged to  make  this  Application  to  you,  whom  they  have  often  heard 

1  The  deed  is  entered  with  the  Rec-  dealing  in  wine,  rum,  molasses,  and  ma- 
ords  of  Deeds  for  Suffolk  Co.  Lib";  76,  hogany,  in  Newport,  where  he  married 
folio  82.  Arabella  (or  Elizabeth)  Felhan.     A.  T. 

2  Little  is  known  of  the  life  of  this  Perkins,  in  his  sketch  of  the  Life  and 
eminent  architect,  who  came  over  with  Works  of  J.  S.  Copley,  reprinted  from 
Smibert  and  others  in  Dean  Berkeley's  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proc.  xii.  319-29,  says: 
train.  He  was  a  pupil  of  Sir  John  Van  "  He  went  back  to  England  to  assist  in 
Brugh.  He  was  architect  of  the  Red-  the  decoration  of  Blenheim  Castle,  but 
wood  Library,  —  "a  model  of  modest  returned  to  Boston,  married,  and  died 
grace  and  beauty,"  —  and  of  Christ  here."  A  pale  copy  of  his  own  and  his 
Church  at  Cambridge,  as  well  as  of  wife's  portraits  by  Smibert,  is  in  the  Red- 
King's  Chapel ;  but  he  was  also  engaged  wood  Library. 

with  his  brother  Joseph  as  a  merchant, 


THE    NEW   CHURCH. 


n 


mentioned  with  Advantage  for  a  particular  Judgment  and  Taste  in  Things 
of  this  Kind,  and  for  the  Knowledge  you  have  acquired  by  travelling 
and  Observation.  We  do  not  require  any  great  Expense  of  Ornament, 
but  chiefly  aim  at  Symmetry  and  Proportion,  which  we  entirely  submit 
to  your  Judgment,  The  Building  is  to  be  of  rough  Stone,  and  since  the 
Charge  will  greatly  increase  by  carrying  the  Walls  very  high,  if  it  does 
not  interfere  with  your  Judgment,  we  should  perhaps  be  pleased  with 
one  Tier  of  Windows  only.  This  indeed  will  be  inconvenient  for  the 
Gallerys,  and  therefore  if  it  be  not  too  much  trouble,  the  Gent"  would 
be  glad  to  have  a  Prospect  of  a  Side  of  each  Sort,  one  with  a  single 
Tier  of  Windows,  and  the  other  with  two.  The  Steeple  and  Spire  for 
Bigness,  Heigth,  and  Ornament  is  left  with  you  to  determine,  —  a  Draught 
of  which,  together  with  a  Ground  Piatt,  is  what  is  desired,  and  would 
extreamly  oblige  the  Gent"  of  the  .Committee,  and  be  esteemed  a  very 
great  Favour  by 

Sir,  y'  most  Obedient  and  most  Humble  Ser', 

H.  Caner. 

The  committee  also  wrote  again  to  Mr.  Vassal,  at  Antigua, 
reminding  him  of  his  promise  "  to  obtain  some  Benefaction 
from  the  Gentlemen  there." 

This  Letter  and  Subscription  were  so  late  received,  and  Mf  Vassal's 
Stay  in  that  Island  so  short,  that  nothing  was  done  in  the  Affair. 

The  Committee  indeed  received  but  small  Encouragement  from  the 
many  Letters  they  sent  abroad ;  however,  they  continued  to  hope  the 
best  from  future  Applications,  confiding  that  the  good  Providence  of  God 
woulci  in  some  way  or  other  give  Success  to  their  Endeavors.  Some 
Assistance  they  received  from  abroad,  particularly  a  handsome  Subscrip- 
tion of  ^50  Sterling  from  Major  Mascarene,  at  Annapolis,  of  which 
they  were  acquainted  by  his  Son,  M'  John  Mascarene,  who  likewise 
added  ^100  Old  Tenor  of  his  own  Bounty.  In  soliciting  the  assistance 
of  the  Gentlemen  in  the  Town,  the  Committee  were  much  surprised  to 
find  a  universal  Repulse  from  the  Members  of  Trinity  Church  (one  or 
two  only  excepted).  It  was  said  by  some  that  the  Minister,  Wardens 
and  Vestry  of  that  Church  had  called  a  meeting  of  that  Congregation 
and  recomended  to  them  a  unanimous  Opposition  to  the  Affair  of  rebuild- 
ing the  Chapel,  but  as  the  Comittee  were  at  a  Loss  for  the  Reason  of 
such  a  conduct,  they  chose  to  suspend  their  Belief  of  it ;  however,  noth- 
ing was  obtained  from  that  Quarter.  In  Balance  to  this  Discouragem' 
the  Comittee  had  the  Pleasure  of  hearing  the  .Success  of  some  former 
Negotiations.  S'  H.  Frankland,  now  returned  from  England,  had 
obtained  about  ;^8o  Sterling,  and  had  left  the  further  Management  of  the 
Affair  with  his  Brother  Thomas  Frankland,  Esq.,  with  Hopes  of  some 
further  Success. 

The  Comittee  being  every  Day  encouraged  to  expect  their  Plan,  con- 


78  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

suited  about  supplying  themselves  with  Stone,  Lime,  etc.,  at  the  cheapest 
Rate,  and  as  the  SuiTier  was  now  considerably  advanc'd,  agreed  that  the 
Building  should  be  begun  with  all  convenient  Speed,  and  accordingly 
came  to  the  following  Resolutions,  viz' : 

At  a  Meeting  of  the  Coinittee  for  rebuilding  King's  Chapel  at  the 
house  of  M'  Barlow  Trecothick,  June  20'!',  1749. 

Voted,  unanimously,  that  Mr.  B.  Trecothick  make  an  Agreement  w* 
Mr.  George  Tilley  tomorrow  to  cart  all  the  Stones,  Sand,  and  other 
Materialls  that  shall  be  landed  at  his  Wharfe  to  the  Spott  where  they  are 
to  be  used  at  the  Rate  of  16/  Old  Tenor  p  Cart  Load  for  such  as  are 
landed  and  carted  from  this  Time  to  the  25'!'  March  next. 

Voted,  That  the  Comittee  meet  M'  Indicott  &  Co.  at  the  School  House 
to  morrow  morning,  and  dispose  of  the  old  Building,  exclusive  of  the 
Stones,  Bricks,  Stone  and  Iron  Work  about  it,  to  them  on  the  best  Terms 
they  can,  to  be  removed  at  the  Expense  of  the  Purchasers.  Voted  also 
that  Df  Gardiner  be  impowered  to  agree  with  the  Roxbury  Men  for  as 
many  Cart  Load  of  Stones  as  are  necessary  for  the  Foundation  on  the 
best  Terms  he  can,  not  exceeding  16/  Old  Ten'  p  Load.^ 

Voted,  That  D':  Gardiner,  if  he  has  opportunity  or  otherwise,  some 
other  of  the  Comittee  do  agree  with  M:  Hayward  of  Braintree  -  for  as 
many  of  the  South  Common  Stones  as  will  be  wanted  this  Fall  at  £4^0 
O  Ten""  for  a  Boat  Load  of  24  Tons  of  said  Stone  delivered  at  such 
convenient  Wharfe  in  Boston  as  the  Comittee  shall  appoint. 

Voted,  That  Ml;  Hunt  shall  be  employed  to  get  as  many  North  Com- 
mon Stones  as  will  be  wanted  this  Fall  at  ^52  Old  Tenr  for  22  Ton,  to 
be  delivered  at  such  convenient  Wharfe  in  Boston  as  the  Comittee  shall 
appoint. 

As  the  South  Front  of  the  Chapel  was  observed  not  to  stand  in  a 
direct  Line  with  the  Street,  and  that  the  lengthening  of  it  Eastward  would 
interfere  with  the  said  Street,  the  Comittee  came  to  this  farther  Resolu- 
tion on  the  said  14'!'  July,  viz'. 

Voted,  That  the  Comittee  do  wait  upon  the  Select  Men  on  Wednesday 
to  petition  for  appointing  and  laying  out  a  straight  Line  to  give  Oppor- 
tunity for  building  the  Church  square  and  straight. 

This  Request  was  readily  granted  ;  and  as  the  Comittee  had  honourably 

1  The  contracts  are  duly  entered  on  Francis  Brinley,  in  October,  1753,  from 
the  Record,  but  are  omitted  here.  the  building  committee,  telling  him  that,  ■ 

2  This  is  the  first  recorded  use  of  "The  Masons  employed  to  rebuild  the 
the  famous  Quincy  granite;  and  King's  Chapel  have  this  Day  been  obliged  to 
Chapel  was  the  first  building  of  stone  in  fetch  away  their  Tools  for  want  of  Stone 
this  country.  Tradition  records  that  to  proceed.  The  Damage  wh.  this  may 
when  partly  erected,  there  was  an  alarm  be  to  the  Church  may  be  very  consider- 
last  the  quantity  of  stone  should  prove  able,  as  the  Committee  are  by  Contract 
insufficient  to  finish  the  building.  This  bound  to  find  a  steady  supply  under  a 
probably  arose  from  a  note  to  Colonel  very  large  Penalty." 


^^^SJ^SziLU 


WILLIAM    SHIRLEY. 


THE   NEW   CHURCH.  79 

discharged  every  Agreement  with  the  Town  on  their  Part  to  the  satisfac- 
tion of  the  Select  Men,  the  said  Select  Men  did  now  cause  the  Land 
before  Conditionally  granted  by  the  Town  to  the  Committee  to  be  con- 
veyed to  them  in  a  proper  manner,  and  to  be  accordingly  staked  out, 
adding  one  foot  of  Ground  at  the  North  East  Corner  to  allow  of  a  Streight 
Line  without  interfering  with  School  Street. 

The  Committee  having  now  caused  the  Ground  to  be  cleared  and 
contracted  for  a  suitable  Quantity  of  Stones,  Lime,  and  Sand,  came  to  the 
following  Agreement  with  Masons  to  undertake  the  \A'ork,  viz'. 

Boston,  July  26*,  1749. 
It  is  this  day  agreed  between  us  the  Subscribers  and  the  Committee 
for  rebuilding  King's  Chapell,  to  lay  the  Foundation  of  the  said  Chapell 
to  the  Heigth  of  the  first  Floor  in  Stone  and  Mortar  of  the  Thickness 
of  four  feet ;  all  above  Ground  to  be  square  jointed  without  Pinners,  the 
Faces  hammered  square,  and  to  be  performed  in  every  Respect  in  a  work- 
manlike manner,  for  which  we  are  to  receive  of  the  said  Comittee  at  the 
Rate  of  Five  Pounds  old  Tenf,  for  each  Perch  of  one  foot  high,  sixteen 
and  a  half  feet  long,  and  four  feet  thick,  as  the  said  Work  goes  on,  and 
in  Case  we  make  it  appear  to  the  said  CoiTiittee  that  we  are  Sufferers  by 
this  Agreement,  we  are  to  receive  such  further  Allowance  as  they  shall 
think  just.     Witness  our  Hands. 

Dan'-  Bell. 

George  Rav. 

Labourers  were  now  employed  to  open  a  Trench  for  the  Foundation 
with  all  possible  Dispatch,  which  being  soon  accomplish'd  to  the  Depth 
of  between  7  and  8  feet,  the  Comittee  directed  that  the  first  Stone  for 
the  Foundation  should  be  laid  on  the  11*  of  August. 

On  Fryday,  the  11*  of  August,  M' Caner,  Mr  Brockwell,  the  Treasurer 
and  Committee,  together  with  the  Wardens,  Vestry,  and  other  Principal 
Gent?  of  the  Church,  waited  on  His  Excellency  Will'"  Shirley,  Esq.,^  from 
the  Province  House  to  the  Ground  laid  out  for  the  Church  amidst  a  large 
Concourse  of  Spectators,  where  a  Stone  was  prepared  with  the  following 
Inscription,  viz' :  — 

Quod  felix  faustumque  sit 

ECCLESI^   ET    ReIPUBLICE 

HuNC  Lapidem  Deo  sacrum 

ReGI^    CAPELLiE 

Apud  Bostonium  Massachusettensium 

restauratie  atque  auct^  fuxdamentum 

Posuit  Gulielmus  Shirley 

Provinci^  Pr^efectus 

AuGusTi  1 1  MO,  Anno  Salutis  1749. 

^  The  portrait  of  Governor  Shirley  is  given  here  by  the  courtesy  of  the  publish- 
ers of  the  "  Memorial  History  of  Boston." 


8o  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

When  the  Masons  had  placed  the  Stone  at  the  N.  East  Comer  of  the 
Trench,  his  Excellency,  according  to  Custom,  settled  it  with  a  Stroke  or 
two  of  a  Mason's  Hammer,  and  after  giving  the  Workmen  about  ^20  to 
drink  his  Health,  went  into  the  [Old]  Church,  as  did  also  most  of  those 
who  were  present,  where,  after  Prayers,  a  Sermon  was  preached  with  a 
Veiw  to  the  Occasion  by  the  Rev^  Mf  Caner,  from  Neh.  ii.  20. 

The  Rector's  discourse  was  worthy  of  the  occasion,  and  of 
his  reputation  as  a  dignified  and  serious  preacher.^  It  is  largely 
a  scriptural  argument,  paying  its  passing  respects,  after  the 
custom  of  the  pulpit  in  that  day,  to  natural  religion,  "  the 
shining  scraps  of  antient  revelation,  preserved  among  the  rub- 
bish of  superstition."  The  preacher  vindicated  the  forms  of 
the  Church  of  England,  and  the  propriety  of  such  a  dedicatory 
service. 

"  Our  worship  is  grave  and  comely,  't  is  pure  and  simple,  yet  full  of 
noble  majesty,  not  superstitiously  encumber'd,  nor  indecently  naked. 
Let  every  circumstance  attending  it  partake  of  the  same  genuine  and 
native  ornament.  Let  the  house  of  God  in  which  it  is  perform'd  rise  up 
with  the  same  majestic  simplicity,  neither  encumber'd  with  vain  and  tri- 
fling decorations,  nor  yet  wanting  in  that  native  grandure  which  becomes 
the  beauty  of  holiness,  and  which  tends  to  beget  impressions  of  awe  and 
reverence  in  all  that  shall  approach  it.  .  .  . 

"  It  is  not  very  usual,  I  confess,  for  such  solemnities  as  this  to  accom- 
pany the  first  founding  of  christian  churches.  They  are  more  commonly 
reserved  till  the  full  accomplishment  of  the  work  make  room  for  a  dedi- 
cation. 1  see,  however,  no  impropriety  in  giving  this  early  testimony 
of  our  dependance  upon  the  divine  assistance,  or  of  imploring  God's 
blessing  upon  so  considerable  an  undertaking ;  for  is  it  becoming  a  chris- 
tian to  seek  the  divine  blessing  upon  the  more  ordinary  affairs,  and  in  the 

1  "  The  Piety  of  Founding  Churches  Proportion    to    the    Greatness    of     the 

for  the  Worship  of  God  :  Being  a  Dis-  Work." 

course  upon  Nehemiah  ii^  20.  Preach'd  A  preface  to  the  sermon  appeals  to 
at  King's  Chapel  in  Boston,  August  11,  the  public  for  further  subscriptions. 
1749.  Upon  Occasion  of  laying  the  first  Mr.  Caner  had  already,  before  corn- 
Stone  for  rebuilding  and  enlarging  the  ing  to  Boston,  taken  his  part  in  the 
said^  Chapel.  By  Henry  Caner,  A.M.,  Whitfieldian  controversy,  publishing  a 
Minister  of  said  Chapel.  Adeo  virtnte  sermon,  which  was  answered  by  Dickin- 
spectati  erant,  nt  suam  etiain  doniMu  eccle-  son,  on  "The  True  Nature  and  Method 
siam  fecerintr     Boston,  1749.  of   Christian    Preaching,  examined   and 

The  dedication  was  to  Governor  Shir-  stated.     In  a  Discourse  [from  Matthew 

ley,  and  spoke  of  "  Your  generous  Sub-  vii.  28,  29]  Delivered  at  Newport,  June 

scription  which  led  the  Way  to  it.  .  .  .  xiit^  1745."     Newport,  1745. 
May  we  not  flatter  ourselves  that  Your  He  had  also  published  a  "  Discourse 

good   Offices  will   be  employed  in  pro-  concerning  the  Publick  Worship  of  God, 

moting  the  same  Interest  there  [in  Eng-  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of  England, 

land]?     Our   Fund  is  yet  but  small  in  etc."     Newport  [174S]. 


THE   NEW   CHURCH.  8l 


? 


common  occurrences  of  life,  and  shall  it  be  deemed  improper  to  sanctify 
the  beginning  of  so  important  a  work  by  the  word  of  God  and  prayer? 
Does  it  not  become  the  piety  of  christians  to  beseech  God  in  the  words 
of  our  church  that  he  would  '  prevent  us  in  (7//  our  doings  with  his  most 
gracious  favour,'  etc.  ?  And  why,  then,  should  it  be  improper  to  accom- 
pany these  beginnings  with  some  suitable  act  of  religion?  Why  should 
it  be  esteemed  unnecessary  to  dedicate  the  first  stone  of  this  great  work 
with  some  such  kind  of  inscription  as  that  which  has  now  been  engraven 
upon  the  foundation  or  corner-stone  of  this  church  ?  May  it  not  be  con- 
ceived to  be  as  a  kind  of  first  fruits  to  God,  and  therein  also  a  token 
or  pledge  of  the  whole  harvest  to  follow,  a  comfortable  sign  of  God's 
presence  and  assistance  in  bringing  the  whole  work  to  perfection  ?  " 

The  laying  this  Stone,  tho  attended  with  no  Circumstance  or  Cere- 
mony out  of  the  Common  Road,  excepting  that  decent  one  of  a  Sermon 
upon  the  Occasion  recomending  the  Piety  of  such  Designs,  and  exhort- 
ing the  Hearers  to  Munificence  and  Liberality,  set  some  Enemys  of  the 
Church  and  of  Government  at  work  to  turn  the  whole  into  Ridicule ; 
the  Attempt  was  printed  the  Monday  following  in  a  ^Veekly  Paper  called 
the  Independent  Advertizer,  published  by  Rogers  &  Fowle,  in  which, 
after  an  Introduction  full  of  scurrility  and  even  Blasphemy,  taken  from 
a  Pamphlet  called  the  Independent  Whigg,  the  Author  endeavoured  to 
display  a  little  low  Wit :  but  the  Malice  and  111  Manners  of  the  Writer 
got  the  better  of  his  Wit,  and  exposed  him  to  Resentment  and  Contempt 
where  he  thought  to  have  merited  Applause.  And  indeed  the  sober  and 
serious  Men  of  all  Parties  in  the  Town  were  so  much  offended  at  the  ill 
Manners  and  Irreligion  discovered  in  this  Libel,  that  it  soon  gave  Occa- 
sion to  the  suppressing  the  Paper  in  which  it  was  published,  especially 
as  it  had  long  been  made  Use  of  for  a  Vehicle  of  Scandall  and  Disaffec- 
tion to  Government.^ 

1  The  Introduction  was  an  essay,  en-  the  Procession  began  accordingly  from 
titled,  "  Of  Consecration,"  undertaking  the  Province  House.  First,  H^s  Excel- 
to  show  that  the  rite  was  a  mere  farce,  lency  our  Governour  with  the  Rev.  Mr. 
"  I  would  be  glad  to  know  the  precise  Caiier  at  his  Right  Hand,  and  the  Rev. 
Extent  of  the  Influence  which  Holiness  Mr.  Brockwell  at  his  Left  Hand  pro- 
and  Vice  have  upon  the  inanimate  Ore-  ceeded ;  then  the  Church  Wardens, 
ation.  ...  Is  a  thick  Church  Wall  as  Vestry,  etc.,  followed  by  about  twenty- 
quickly  and  full  impregnated  with  them  five  couple  of  the  Principal  Friends, 
as  a  thin  one  ?  "  etc.  The  account  pro-  When  the  Procession  came  to  the 
ceeds  :  "  The  Form  of  the  Slate  and  the  Church  Vard,  his  Excellency,  supported 
Air  of  the  engraving  bore  a  very  near  by  two  Chaplains,  descended  the  Trench 
Resemblance  to  a  Grave-stone.  where  the  Stone  which  was  dedicated  to 

"Between  the  Hours  of  10  and  11  in  6'oa'was  laying  at  the  North  East  Cor- 

the  Forenoon,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Caner,  ac-  ner  of  the  Church,  with  the  inscription 

company'd  by  Mr.  Gordon,  Mr.  Box,  and  upwards,  which  was    then   immediately 

Mr.  Grayton,  were  observed  to  go  down  turned  by  the  Workmen  downwards  in 

School   Street  together  in  their  way  to  the  Sacred  Place  prepared  for  its  Recep- 

his  Excellency's  House,  as  it  was  then  tion.      On    this    Stone   the   Governour 

generally  conjectured,  and  at  about  11  knocked  four  times,  with  a  Mason's 
VOL.   II.  —  6 


82  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

The  Committee  voted  to  print  "  300  Copys  of  the  Rev''  Mf 
Caner's  Sermon,"  distributing  "  Fifty  to  His  ExcelP'  the  Gov^ 
Twenty  to  the  Rev''  M:^  Caner,  and  One  to  Each  Subscriber." 
They  also 

Voted,  That  in  laying  the  Foundation  of  the  new  Chapell  there  be 
made  an  arch'd  Door  of  4  feet  wide  and  6  feet  high  exclusive  of  the 
Sweep  of  the  Arch  under  the  eastern  Window  in  the  Chancell  for  carry- 
ing Corps  under  the  Church. 

As  the  Work  of  the  Foundation  was  now  considerably  advanc'd,  the 
Committee  began  to  be  very  solicitious  for  the  Plan,  which  thro  a  multi- 
plicity of  Business  Mr  Harrison  had  not  been  able  to  finish ;  but  on  the 
I  ^^  of  September  it  was  compleated  and  sent,  together  with  a  Letter, 
of  w".''  the  following  is  a  Copy  :  — 

Newport,  September  15"",  1749. 

Sir,  —  Since  I  first  undertook  to  draw  a  Design  for  the  New  Church, 
many  things  have  unexpectedly  occurred  to  prevent  me  from  finishing  it 
in  the  Time  you  requested.     However,  I  have  at  last  compleated  it,  and 


Trowel!  (Just  the  Number  of  Raps  Arch 
Bishop  Laud  gave  to  the  Door  of  St. 
Catherine's  Creed  Church,  at  his  mem- 
orable Consecration  of  it) ;  some  devout 
Expressions  were  then  dropt  by  the 
Chaplin,  but  it  is  not  yet  determined 
what  his  Excellency  dropt  besides  a 
blessing  for  the  Workmen. 

"  The  Governour  then  ascended  the 
Ladder  rvith  the  two  Clergymen ;  and 
this  part  of  the  Ceremony  being  ended, 
his  Excellency  and  the  rest  of  the  Com- 
pany, in  the  same  manner  they  walked 
from  the  Province  House,  enter'd  the 
King's  Chappel,  where  was  a  sermon 
very  properly  adapted  to  such  an  Occa- 
sion, delivered  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Cancr, 
from  the  2d  Chapter  of  Nehemiah  and 
the  20th  verse,  those  words  of  the  verse. 
The  God  of  Heaven,  he  will  prosper  lis ; 
therefore  ive  his  Servajits  will  arise  and 
build.  The  words  that  follow  the  Text 
are  :  But  you  have  no  Portion,  nor  Right, 
nor  Memorial  in  Jerusalem.  A  Hymn 
of  Praise  concluded  the  Solemnity. 

"  Thus  we  must  leave  this  sacred 
Stone,  with  its  significant  Inscription, 
conceal'd  under  eight  Foot  of  Earth, 
where  it  may  remain  for  centuries  to 
come.  But  then  perhaps  some  new  De- 
sign will  in  that  Spot  employ  the  Spade 


and  Pickax,  and  this  stone  be  again 
drawn  from  its  Obscurity,  which  will 
then  reveal  the  Pious  Deed  and  great 
Name  of  him  who  laid  it  to  after  Pos- 
terity,—  for  certain  it  is  that  those  re- 
ligious and  generous  Actions,  which  are 
at  the  Time  Industriously  hid  from  the 
Eyes  of  the  world,  will  at  last  be  mani- 
fested to  the  Authors'  immortal  Honour 
and  Advantage.  —  May  his  Excellency's 
thus  continue  to  pursue  the  worthiest 
Actions,  and  thus  avoid  the  Glare  :  for 
who  would  observe  so  pompous  an  In- 
scription, so  humbly  buried  by  the  Hand 
of  that  very  Person  whose  Fame  was 
committed  to  it,  and  not  be  ready  to 
think  at  that  Time  that  the  couplet  of 
our  English  Poet,  Mr.  Pope,  was  brought 
to  his  mind  :  — 

'  Who  hiilds  a  church  to  God  and  not  to  Fame, 
IVitl  never  jnark  the  Marble  with  his  Name.^  " 

Daniel  Fowle,  who  with  Gamaliel 
Rogers  published  the  "  Independent 
Advertiser,"  was  arrested  by  order  of 
the  General  Court,  in  1754,  on  suspicion 
of  having  printed  a  pamphlet  criticising 
some  members ;  was  imprisoned  uncon- 
demned  in  the  common  jail,  and,  getting 
no  redress,  left  the  Province  in  disgust, 
and  founded  the  "New  Hampshire  Ga- 
zette "  in  Portsmouth,  in  1756. 


THE    NEW   CHURCH.  83 

now  send  you  per  the  Post  Rider  all  the  Plans  and  Elevations  (as  men- 
tioned below),  which  I  should  be  glad  to  hear  answer  your  Expectations, 
and  that  no  material  Alteration  is  made  in  the  Execution,  as  it  is  very 
possible  by  that  Means  the  Symmetry  of  the  whole  may  be  destroyed. 

The  Body  of  the  Building  (as  you  directed)  is  as  plain  as  the  Order 
of  it  will  possibly  admit  of,  but  the  Steeple  is  fully  decorated,  and  I  be- 
leive  will  have  a  beautifuU  Effect.  The  inside  is  likewise  designed  plain, 
and  as  regular  as  can  be  contrived  from  the  Dimentions  you  limited  me 
to.  —  From  these  Hints  you  may  perhaps  b«  able  to  answer  the  Objec- 
tions of  such  of  the  Committee  and  others  who  may  not  be  conversant 
with  Drawings,  or  have  not  a  Taste  in  Things  of  this  Nature.  I  am, 
Sir, 

Your  most  Humble  Servant, 

Peter  Harrison. 

The  Plan.  —  The  Elevation  of  the  West  Front.  —  The  Elevation  of 
the  South  Front.  —  The  Section.  —  Breadthways.  —  The  Plans  of  the 
Steeple.  —  The  Plan  of  the   Pews. 

To  the  Rnfi  Af  Henry  Caner. 

The  Comittee  were  well  pleased  with  Mr.  Harrison's  Plan,  and  desired 
Mr  Caner  to  write    him  a    Letter  of 

Thanks  to  acquaint  him  therewith,  and  /yje^/^ 

that  they  had  determined  to  follow  it  ^    y 

as  nearly  as  possibly  they  could  ;  and      ^-75  y    (7^ 
withal  to  acquaint  him  that  when   it     C'^^^C  a/^^^<>'?-''Ld^C''-^'l^ 
should  be  in  their  Power  they  should 
make  a  further  Acknowledgment  of  his  Favour. 

Besides  endeavouring  to  increase  their  Subscription  at  home,  the 
Comittee  determined  to  try  once  more  what  might  be  done  abroad. 

They  accordingly  asked  Mr.  Caner  to  write  the  following 
letters ;   and  also 

To  procure  a  Copy  of  Sf  Henry  Frankland's  Petition  to  His  Majesty 
when  in  England  in  Behalf  of  the  Chapell,  and  to  draw  another  Petition 
to  His  Majesty  to  be  signed  by  the  Minister,  Wardens,  and  Vestry,  both 
to  be  inclosed  to  His  Excellency  Govf  Shirley  in  a  Letter  from  the  Com- 
mittee, w'^''  he  is  likewise  requested  to  write.  ,  .  . 

Boston,  October  25'.'',  1749. 
M^  Gedney  Clarke  :  1 

Sir,  —  We  the  Subscribers,  being  a  Committee  appointed  for  rebuild- 
ing Kings  Chapel  in  this  Town,  encouraged  thereto  by  the  Nature  of 
the  Work  we  have  in  hand  and  by  former  Experience  of  your  Disposi- 
tion to  such  Acts  of  Piety  and  Munificence,  particularly  in  your  generous 

1  The  ship  foundered  on  which  this  letter  was  sent,  and  another  was  sent  later. 


84  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Donation  to  Christs  Church  in  this  Town,  take  the  Freedom  to  ask  your 
Assistance  in  helping  forward  this  Good  Work.  We  find  ourselves  under 
a  Necessity  of  making  Applications  of  this  Nature  to  several  of  our 
Friends  abroad,  as  the  Work  is  too  expensive  for  a  single  Congregation 
how  generous  soever,  and  especially  as  we  have  been  prevented  from 
laying  in  a  previous  Fund  by  the  constant  Applications  made  to  us 
for  assistance  to  many  Infant  Churches  in  these  Parts.  It  is  now  be- 
come our  own  Turn  to  appear  as  Petitioners,  and  to  ask  the  Assistance 
of  every  well-disposed  Friend,  among  whom  we  take  leave  to  number 
you. 

If  your  Business  or  Inclination  permit  you  also  to  mention  the  Thing 
to  any  of  your  Friends,  we  doubt  not  of  reaping  the  Fruit  of  their 
Bounty  from  your  Interest  and  Influence  with  them. 

We  must  not  omitt  to  mention  that  some  of  us  lately  had  the  Pleasure 
of  drinking  your  Health  at  a  publick  and  generous  Entertainment  made 
here  in  your  name  by  your  Brother,  Mf  John  Clarke.  .  .  . 

Boston,  October  28*,  1749. 
M^  Peter  Kenwood  : 

Sir,  — .  .  .  We  would  let  you  know  that  we  have  not  forgot  your 
Generosity  to  Trinity  Church  ;  but  as  you  have  given  us  that  Assurance 
of  your  Readiness  to  promote  these  Works  of  Piety,  so  we  shall  wait 
with  Pleasure  for  what  farther  Testimony  of  it  you  shall  please  to  give  us 
in  favour  of  the  present  Work,  in  the  mean  time  assuring  you  that  we  are, 
Sir,  V  most  Humble  Sev% 

Boston,  N.  E.,  25""  October,  1749. 

May  it  phase  your  Lordship,  —  We  the  Subscribers,  the  Minister  and 
Committee  appointed  for  rebuilding  Kings  Chapel  in  this  Town,  humbly 
beg  Leave  to  represent  to  your  Lordship  that  this  Church  which  was  the 
first  erected  in  America  for  the  Service  of  the  Church  of  England  is  now 
thro'  time  fallen  into  a  State  of  irreparable  Decay.  For  this  Reason  the 
Congregation  have  generously  Subscribed  towards  rebuilding  of  it ;  but 
as  it  is  a  Work  too  expensive  for  a  single  Congregation,  and  especially 
as  this  Church  has  been  look'd  upon  as  the  Mother  of  the  rest  and  so 
constantly  drained  by  yeilding  Assistance  to  more  infant  Churches,  we 
are  constrained  to  make  Applications  to  those  whom  Divine  Providence 
has  favoured  with  a  Disposition  to  Works  of  this  Nature  and  an  Ability 
to  promote  them.  If  we  presume  to  look  upon  your  Lordship  as  enjoy- 
ing these  Advantages,  We  beg  leave  to  hope  the  Fruit  of  your  Opinion 
in  your  kind  Notice  of  us  and  Benevolence  to  this  Work  of  Piety  we 
have  in  Hand.  'Tis  not  merely  your  Lordship's  Bounty  which  we  hum- 
bly promise  ourselves  from  this  Address,  since  we  are  assured  your 
Example  will  influence  many  others  to  join  their  Assistance  to  a  Work 
which  your  Lordship  shall  think  proper  to  encourage. 

His  Excellency,  our  very  worthy  Gov!,  now  in  England,  who  has  not 


THE    NEW   CHURCH.  85 

only  generously  subscribed  but  many  other  ways  given  his  best  Counte- 
nance and  Support  to  this  Work,  has  encouraged  us  that  he  will  con- 
tinue to  be  mindful  of  us  there  ;  and  as  we  know  it  will  be  much  in  your 
Lordship's  Power,  so  we  beg  Leave  to  hope  your  Lordship  will  facilitate 
his  Applications. 

Our  kind  and  generous  Friend,  S'  H.  Frankland,  informs  us  that  your 
Lordship  Condescended  to  direct  him  when  applying  in  our  favour  to 
preferr  a  Memorial  to  His  Majesty,  and  encouraged  him  with  your  Lord- 
ship's Interest  in  making  a  favourable  Mention  of  it.  That  Gent"  Accord- 
ingly put  a  Memorial  of  that  Nature  into  the  Hands  of  the  Hon!^''  MI 
Pelham,  and  received  his  Promise  of  laying  it  before  His  Majesty ;  but 
as  we  do  not  find  it  is  yet  delivered,  we  have  wrote  to  his  Excellency 
our  Govf  to  revive  the  Thing,  to  which  if  your  Lordship  should  think 
proper  to  add  your  own  Influence,  it  would  doubtless  have  a  proper 
Effect. 

We  humbly  beg  Pardon  for  the  Freedom  of  this  Address,  to  w'^  noth- 
ing but  absolute  Necessity  would  have  emboldened  us,  and  take  Leave 
to  add  that  we  are  with  much  Respect  and  Veneration, 

May  it  please  your  Lordship, 
Your  Lordship's  Most  dutiful  and 
Obedient  Humble  Servants, 

To  the  Rt  Rei/_  H.  Caner, 

The  Lord  Bishop  of  C.  Apthorp, 

London.^  and  the  Com?. 

To  Governor  Shirley,  then  in  London,  they  wrote :  — 

Boston,  31  October,  1749. 

May  it  please  your  ExcelleJicy,  —  Agreeable  to  your  Excellency's 
Direction,  we  now  presume  to  inclose  a  Coppy  of  a  Memorial  delivered 
by  M'  Frederick  and  S'  Henry  Frankland  to  Mf  Pelham  in  favour  of 
the  Chapel,  which  that  Gent"  promised  them  to  lay  before  his  Majesty : 
S'  Harry  assures  us  that  this  Step  was  taken  in  Consequence  of  the 
Advice  of  the  Bishop  of  London,  and  we  think  also  the  Archbishop 
concurr'd  in  it ;  that  the  former  at  least  promised  to  make  a  favourable 
mention  of  it  to  his  Majesty. 

Your  Excellency  knows  where  it  now  sticks,  and  as  we  hope  your  own 
Affairs  have  by  this  Time  received  so  much  Dispatch  as  to  give  Leisure 
for  a  few  Thoughts  in  our  Favour,  we  have  also  inclosed  a  Memorial 
signed  by  the  Wardens  and  Vestry,  referring  it  to  your  Excellency's  Wis- 
dom which  of  them  to  make  Use  of.  We  have  likewise  presum'd  to 
inclose  a  Letter  to  my  L^  of  London  upon  the  same  Subject,  hoping 
that  some  of  these  Things  will  sooner  or  later  operate  in  our  Favour. 
We  wish  your  Excellency  all  desired  Success  in  your  own  Affairs  and  in 

1  Rt.  Rev.  Thomas  Sherlock,  D.D.,  London  as  Bishop  Gibson's  successor, 
had  been  translated  from   Salisbury  to     October,  1748. 


86  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

those  which  relate  to  the  pubhck  Interest  of  this  your  Government,  and 
a  safe  and  speedy  Return,  being  with  all  Duty  and  Submission  Your 

Excellency's 

Most  Obed'  and 

most  humble  Serv" 

H.  C,  C.  A., 
and  the  Com!!. 

"  To  his  Most  gracious  Majesty  George  the  Second,  King  of  Great 
Britain,  France,  and  Ireland,  etc.  The  Petit ioti  or  Memorial  of 
the  Minister,  Wardens,  and  Vestry  of  Kings  Chapel  in  Boston  in 
New  England,  Humbly  Sheweth, 
"That  Whereas  by  the  Injuries  of  Time  and  Accidents  your  Majesty's 
Chapel  in  this  Town  is  fallen  into  a  State  of  irreparable  Decay,  whereby 
not  only  the  Congregation  but  also  your  Majesty's  Governour  and  other 
your  Majesty's  Officers  in  this  Province,  for  whom  decent  Pews  have 
been  provided  in  the  said  Chapel,  are  likely  in  a  short  Time  to  be  deprived 
of  a  convenient  place  for  the  Worship  of  God,  —  The  Parishioners  tak- 
ing the  Premises  into  their  serious  Consideration  from  a  sincere  Regard 
to  the  honour  of  God  and  for  continuing  the  Opportunity  and  Advan- 
tages of  his  Publick  Worship  (and  being  moreover  encouraged  thereto 
by  the  Countenance  and  Liberality  of  your  Majesty's  Governour  of  this 
Province),  have  contributed  toward  rebuilding  the  said  Chapel  with  Stone, 
that  it  may  not  be  liable  to  frequent  and  expensive  Repairs,  and  have 
caused  the  work  to  be  begun ;  but  as  the  Subscription  is  very  short  of 
what  will  be  necessary  to  bring  forward  the  Building  even  to  a  Condition 
of  Usefulness,  The  Minister,  Wardens,  and  Vestry  of  said  Chapel  hum- 
bly presume  to  approach  your  Majesty  with  this  Memorial,  praying  your 
Majesty  to  take  the  Premises  into  your  gracious  Consideration,  and  to 
favour  them  with  your  Royal  Bounty,  or  otherwise  vouchsafe  to  direct 
and  encourage  the  raising  Suitable  Assistance  in  such  Way  or  Method  as 
to  your  Majesty's  Wisdom  shall  seem  meet. 

"  And  your  Majesty's  Petitioners  as  in  Duty  bound  shall  ever  pray,  etc." 

This  petition  for  the  royal  bounty  was  duly  signed  by  the 
loyal  petitioners. 

The  following  is  a  Copy  of  Sr  Henry  Frankland's  Memorial  inclosed 
with  the  foregoing  Letter  and  Memorial  to  His  Excellency  Gov'  Shirley  : 

"  His  Majesty's  Chapel  at  Boston  in  New  England  was  built  in  1688, 
and  in  1710  the  Increase  of  Parishioners  was  so  considerable  as  to 
require  its  being  inlarged ;  since  that  Time  two  other  Churches  have 
proceeded  from  it,  which  have  drawn  off  the  most  wealthy  part  of  the 
Congregation. 

"  As  it  is  built  of  Wood  and  is  more  than  sixty  Years  old,  and  has  been 
greatly  weakned  by  a  late  remarkable  Storm,  it  is  become  dangerous  to 


THE   NEW    CHURCH.  g-/ 

attend  Divine  Service  in  it  when  the  Winds  are  high,  as  by  its  Situation  it 
is  pretty  much  expos'd ;  and  as  it  is  impracticable  to  repair  it  in  its  pres- 
ent decay'd  State,  and  a  new  one  is  absolutely  necessary,  the  Parish- 
ioners have  subscribed  sixteen  hundred  Pounds  towards  it,  and  as  they 
are  incapable  of  compleating  it  themselves,  they  most  humbly  hope  for 
his  Majesty's  Bounty  and  Favour  in  assisting  them. 

"  This  is  the  oldest  Church  in  British  America,  and  was  built,  enlarged, 
and  repaired  by  the  Congregation,  who  also  erected  a  very  fine  Pew  for 
the  Use  of  his  Majesty's  Governour  in  it. 

"  If  his  Majesty  would  be  graciously  pleased  to  signify  his  Royal  Inten- 
tions in  this  Matter,  it  will  have  an  undoubted  Influence  on  many  charita- 
ble and  well  disposed  Persons  to  follow  the  good  Example,  and  furnish 
the  Means  of  finishing  a  Chapell  so  spacious  as  to  admit  of  Numbers 
which  the  present  church  is  too  small  to  contain.  And  by  Building  it 
of  Stone  will  be  rendered  more  durable,  and  the  great  Expense  of 
future  Repairs  that  wooden  Edifices  are  liable  to  may  be  avoided." 

The  Winter  soon  setting  in,  the  Committee  were  obliged  to  suspend 
the  Affair  of  Building,  and  apply'd  themselves  to  the  Buisness  of  enlarg- 
ing their  Subscriptions  and  endeavouring  to  procure  new  ones.  But 
when  the  Spring  advanced,  the  Committee  observing  that  the  ^^'orkmen 
proceeded  very  slowly,  notwithstanding  they  had  all  along  been  fully  and 
punctually  paid,  came  to  the  following  Resolution,  viz  :  — 

"  At  a  meeting  of  the  Committee  for  rebuilding  King's  Chapel,  at  the 
house  of  M' Tho'  Hawding,  8'.''  of  May,  1750.  Present  the  Treasurer 
and  whole  Committee  except  D'  Gardner.  Fo^ed,  unanimously,  that 
George  Cradock,  Esq',  and  D""  John  Gibbins  acquaint  Mess"  Derham 
and  Ray  that  unless  they  go  to  work  immediately  on  the  church  and 
continue  steadily  at  it  they  will  be  discharged." 

The  foregoing  Resolution  stirred  up  the  Workmen  to  a  little  more 
Diligence  and  Application. 

The  Records  note  that 

The  Committee  had  at  this  Time  a  vexatious  Law  Suit  to  manage  against 
Benj^  Faneuil,  Esq",  who  refused  to  pay  a  Subscription  of  ^'200  Sterling, 
formerly  made  towards  rebuilding  King's  Chapel  by  his  Brother,  Peter 
Faneuil,  Esq' ;  and  as  Robert  Auchmuty,  Esq',  who  conducted  the  Suit  as 
Attorney  to  the  s^  Benj*  Faneuil,  was  lately  dead,  they  thought  proper 
to  retain  his  son  Mr.  Robert  Auchmuty,  who  was  possessed  of  his  Father's 
Papers  in  their  Favour,  .  .  .  giving  him  Ten  Pounds  Old  Tenor  as  a 
retaining  Fee  in  the  Case  against  M:  Faneuil,  and  in  any  other  Affairs  of 
the  Church.  Capt.  Phillips  gone  for  England  some  time  since,  having 
offer'd  his  assistance  in  procuring  benefactions,  .  .  .  the  Committee 
wrote  him  a  Letter.  .  .  . 

Wee  the  Wardens  of  Kings  Chapel  waited  on  Mr  Benj"  Fanneuil  w'l 
the  above  Witnesses,  and  made  a  Demand  in  manner  and  form  of  Sixty 


88  AxNNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Six  pounds,  thirteen  shillings  and  fourpence  Sterling,  or  the  Equivalent 
in  Old  Ten'  Currency,  being  the  One  third  part  and  first  payment  of 
Two-hundred  pounds  Sterling  Subscribed  by  his  Bro'  Peter  Fanneuil  des^ 
towards  Rebuilding  y^  Kings  Chapel.  The  demand  being  made  of  him 
as  Administrator  to  his  Said  des^  Brother's  Estate,  he  Answer'd,  he 
would  not  pay  the  Same. 

June  19,  1750.  ...  Mr  Barlow  Trecothick,  hitherto  Clerk  to  the 
Committee,  .  .  .  having  signified  his  Intention  of  going  to  England 
within  a  few  Days,  the  Committee  desired  the  Rev"^  Mf  Caner  to  keep 
the  Minutes  of  their  Proceedings  till  his  Return  .  .  . 

.  .  .  Voted,  That  M'  Caner  be  desired  to  draw  up  two  Letters 
.  .  .  one  to  Df  Wilson  ^  in  London,  who  made  favourable  mention  of 
the  Affair  of  the  Chapel  in  a  late  Letter  to  George  Cradock,  Esq' ;  The 
other  to  Cap'  Thomas  Coram,  who  by  a  Letter  from  James  Gibson,  Esq"", 
to  the  s''  M'  Cradock  appears  ready  to  give  Encouragement  to  the  same 
good  Work.  .  .  . 

Boston,  in  N.  England,  June  20'!",  1750. 

S"^,  —  Tho'  we  wrote  you  some  time  since  upon  the  Affair  of  rebuild- 
ing Kings  Chapel  in  this  Town,  and  begg'd  your  kind  Assistance  in 
promoting  this  good  work,  yet  knowing  your  constant  application  to 
Works  of  publick  Charity,  we  imagine  you  have  been  too  deeply  engaged 
in  something  of  this  kind  to  be  able  to  give  Attention  to  our  Request, 
not  doubting  but  at  a  convenient  time  you  will  permit  this  Affair  to  have 
place  among  the  many  Interests  which  fall  under  your  prudent  and 
effectual  Management.  This  Church  has  had  many  violent  Struggles 
with  the  Dissenters,  and  perhaps  none  sharper  than  since  we  have  enter'd 
upon  the  present  Work.  And  should  the  Countenance  of  our  Friends  at 
home  be  deny'd  us  in  such  a  Conjuncture  as  this,  it  may  justly  be  ex- 
pected that  they  will  have  too  easy  an  Opportunity  of  triumphing  in  our 
Misfortunes.  The  Bearer,  who  is  one  of  us,  will  give  you  a  particular 
Account  of  our  proceeding,  together  with  an  Estimate  of  the  Expense. 
And  if  you  shall  think  proper  to  support  him  with  your  Influence,  we 
doubt  not  of  receiving  such  suitable  Assistance  and  Encouragement  as 
may  enable  us  to  proceed  with  Vigour  and  Chearfulness.  .  .  . 

To  Cap'  Thomas  Corajn, 
in  London. 

The  letter  to  Dr.  Thos.  Wilson  "in  Dean's  Yard,  West- 
minster," said  "  the  Plan  of  it  is  now  in  the  Hands  of  the  En- 
graver," and  enclosed  "  two  Elevations  of  the  South  Front." 

June  26,  1750. 
Voted  also,  that  M'  Treasurer  Doc*"-  Gardner  and  M'  Hawding  be 
desired  to  go  to  morrow  Morning  to  Mr  Atkins  and  inquire  the  Reason 
1  A  prebendary  of  Westminster,  installed  Dec.  i,  1743. 


THE    NEW    CHURCH.  89 

why  he  delays  proceeding  with  his  Work  at  the  Chapel.  To  make  a 
contract  with  him  for  finishing  the  Foundation  not  contracted  for  with 
Mess"  Ray  and  Derham,  and  obliging  him  to  proceed  immediately  upon 
the  Work,  and  to  continue  at  it  till  he  has  finisht  his  Contract,  or  else  to 
dismiss  him.  .  .  . 

July  10,  1750.  Mem.  It  is  agreed  by  the  Committee  to  offer  Messrs. 
Hunt  and  Howard  [or  Hayward]  ^75  for  a  Boat  Load  of  Stones,  sup- 
posed to  contain  Twenty  five  Ton  and  Twelve  or  Thirteen  Hundred,  On 
Condition  they  are  obliged  to  pay  forty  Shillings  p"'  Boat  Load  Tax  to 
the  Town  of  Braintree.  .  .  . 

July  1 7.  The  Committee  agreed  with  Mr.  Hunt  to  find  what  North 
Common  Stones  shall  be  wanted  to  finish  the  foundation  of  King's 
Chapel  at  the  above-named  price.  The  Stones  to  be  to  the  Accept- 
ance of  the  Workmen,  a  proportionable  Number  of  large  ones  to  work 
up  the  small,  and  that  the  Committee  be  not  obliged  to  receive  or  pay 
for  any  Stones  that  the  Masons  refuse  as  unsuitable  to  the  Work. 

Also  agreed  with  Mess'''  Hunt  and  Hayward  to  find  and  Land  upon 
such  convenient  Wharf  in  Boston  as  the  Committee  shall  appoint,  as 
many  North  Common  Stones  as  may  be  wanted  for  finishing  the  whole 
of  King's  Chapel  within  a  reasonable  Time  after  Notice  given  them  at 
the  above  Rate.  .  .  . 

Whereas  by  a  former  Contract  with  Mess"  Bell  and  Ray  the  Com- 
mittee agreed  to  pay  their  Masons  Five  Pound  for  every  Perch  of  Wall 
of  four  foot  thick  and  one  foot  in  heigth,  and  to  make  such  further 
Allowance  as  to  the  Committee  should  seem  reasonable  : 

It  is  now  agreed  that  Mess?  Atkins  and  Derham,  the  present  Masons 
employed  by  the  Committee,  be  allow'd  for  every  Perch  of  Wall  four 
foot  thick  and  one  foot  high  under  Ground  five  Pound  Old  Tenor  :  and 
for  every  Perch  of  Wall  four  foot  thick  and  one  foot  high  above  Ground, 
Eight  Pounds  Old  Tenor,  and  in  like  Proportion  for  any  other  Thickness. 
To  which  the  said  Atkins  and  Derham  agreed,  and  likewise  that  they  be 
obliged  to  finish  the  foundation  of  the  Chapel  as  high  as  the  present 
Floor  by  the  last  Day  of  October  next.  .  .  . 

July  24,  1750.  Upon  complaint  made  to  this  Committee  by  Mess" 
Atkins  and  Derham,  their  Masons,  that  having  measur'd  and  computed 
the  Cost  of  the  Wall  they  have  built,  they  find  that  they  shall  fall  short 
of  Days  Wages  if  they  proceed  in  the  Work  at  the  Price  agreed  on  in 
the  last  Meeting  of  this  Committee,  and  thereupon  praying  that  the  Com- 
mittee will  make  them  a  further  allowance  of  Wages.  The  Committee 
taking  the  Representation  of  their  s!'  Masons  into  Consideration,  unani- 
mously agreed  to  allow  them  Six  Pounds  Old  Tenor  for  every  Perch  of 
Wall  four  foot  thick  and  one  foot  high  under  Ground,  and  Ten  Pounds 
for  every  Perch  of  wall  four  foot  thick  and  one  foot  high  above  Ground. 
To  which  Allowance  the  s^  Derham  and  Atkins  agreed,  and  thereupon 
promised  to  finish  the  Foundation  of  the  New  Chapel  at  the  above  Price, 
and  moreover  to  compleat  the  Work  as  high  as  the  present  Building  will 


90 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


allow  by  the  first  Day  of  November  next,  and  to  have  as  many  Stones 
ready  hew'd  for  the  Outside  of  the  Wall  as  will  compleat  the  whole 
Foundation  by  the  first  Day  of  March  next  ensuing.^ 

The  Committee  were  encouraged  this  Evening  by  a  Report  from  Chaf 
Apthorp,  Esq',  that  His  Excellency  Gov"^  Shirley,  Esq^  had  wrote  M!" 
Hutchinson  that  "  he  should  make  a  Point  of  it  to  procure  the  King's 
Bounty  to  the  rebuilding  the  Chapel." 

August  14,  1750.  Voted,  that  the  Tower  of  the  Chapel  be  directed  to 
be  built  Twenty  six  foot  square  from  out  to  out. 

In  the  Lawsuit  which  this  Committee  caused  to  be  commenced  against 
Benj.  Faneuil,  Esq',  for  Recovery  of  ^200  Ster.,  the  Subscription  of  his 
Brother,  Peter  Faneuil,  Esqf  —  The  Committee  obtained  a  Verdict  of  the 
Jury  to  this  Effect,  viz. :  "  The  Jury  find  the  Money  sued  for  to  be  justly 
due ;  but  whether  the  Church  Wardens  (in  whose  name  the  action  was 
brought)  are  legally  entitled  to  recover  and  receive  the  same,  being  a 
Point  of  Law,  is  referr'd  to  the  Judgment  of  the  Bench." 

Before  this  special  Verdict  was  pleaded  to.  The  chief  Judge,  Paul 
Dudley,  Esq',  died,  and  the  case  being  afterwards  brot  on  before  the 
four  remaining  Judges,  it  was  pleaded,  but  no  Judgment  given,  because, 
being  equally  divided,  there  wanted  a  chief  Judge  to  decide.  Thus  the 
Case  now  continues  suspended  till  the  Appointment  of  another  Judge. 

M'  Tho'  Gunter  acquainted  the  Committee  that  Mr  Ralph  Allen,  a 
Gentleman  in  England  not  far  from  Bristol,  was  accounted  a  Person  of 
a  charitable  and  generous  mind,  and  that  a  Letter  to  him  might  probably 
have  a  good  Effect  in  favour  of  the  Chapel ;  the  Committee  desired  M' 
Caner  to  draw  up  the  Form  of  a  Letter  to  the  s"!  Gentleman,  which  was 
done  and  sign'd,  and  of  which  the  following  is  a  Copy,  viz. : 

Boston,  Nov.  22?,  1750. 
S"^,  —  The  Report  of  your  generous  disposition  to  acts  of  Piety,  which 
has  reached  even  this  distant  part  of  the  World,  has  encouraged  us,  the 
Minister,  Treasurer,  and  Committee  for  rebuilding  King's  Chapel  in  this 
Town,  to  the  present  Application.  This  Church,  first  built  of  Wood  in 
the  Year  1688,  is  now  reduced  to  a  State  of  irreparable  Decay.  It  was 
the  first  Church  of  England  built  in  English  America,  from  which  has 
sprung  two  others  in  this  Town,  which  with  the  frequent  Assistance  given 
to  other  distant  Churches  in  this  Country  has  prevented  our  laying  by 
any  Stock  or  Fund.  And  it  is  now  become  our  own  Turn  to  ask  that 
Assistance  which  we  have  been  used  to  grant  to  others.  The  Congre- 
gation have  lately  entered  upon  a  Design  of  rebuilding  this  Church  with 
Stone  ;  but  as  there  is  no  such  thing  as  free  Stone  in  these  Parts,  they 
have  begun  to  make  Use  of  such  as  the  Country  affords,  which  is  of  so 
hard  and  course  a  Nature  that  it  is  incapable  of  being  wrot  into  any 
thing  Ornamental,  such  as  the  Jammes  of  Doors  and  Windows,  Pedi- 
ments, Capitals,  and  the  like,  nor  if  such  Stone  could  be  found  is  there 

1  The  contract  is  recorded  in  full,  but  is  omitted  here. 


THE   NEW   CHURCH. 


91 


any  Workman  capable  to  do  it.  As  we  are  informed,  you  are  the  Pro- 
prietor of  a  large  Quarry  of  fine  Free  stone ;  It  is,  Sir,  we  apprehend,  in 
your  Power,  and  We  have  no  doubt  of  your  Readiness,  to  lend  us  some 
assistance.  The  manner  of  doing  it  we  shall  not  presume  to  prescribe, 
but  have  inclosed  a  Draught  or  Design  of  the  intended  building,  by 
which  you  will  best  perceive  what  Assistance  we  need.  Undertakings  of 
this  Nature  must  be  allowed  to  be  too  expensive  for  a  single  Congrega- 
tion, especially  in  an  infant  Country ;  for  tho'  we  have  a  Subscription  of 
about  ;^25oo  Sterling,  which  we  imagine  will  be  esteem'd  generous  for 
the  Congregation,  yet  it  is  computed  the  Work  will  cost  us  much  more 
to  compleat  it,  for  which  we  have  litUe  other  Dependance  besides  such 
Applications  as  these.  One  Act  of  Generosity  points  out  the  Donor  as 
a  proper  Resort  to  such  as  are  in  need  ;  And  we  flatter  our  Selves,  since 
the  noble  Design  you  have  lately  executed  in  building  and  endowing  a 
Chapel  at  your  own  Expense,  you  will  not  be  displeas'd  that  We  beg  the 
second  Instance  of  your  Bounty  may  be  exerted  in  our  Favour,  in  such 
Way  and  Measure  as  to  you  shall  seem  meet.  We  have  thro'  the  favour 
of  a  Friend  desired  Mr  Morgan  Thomas,  of  Bristol,  a  Merchant,  to  wait 
upon  you  with  this,  hoping  to  find  favour  at  your  bountiful  hands.  That 
it  may  please  God  to  reward  your  generous  Endeavours  to  advance  his 
Honour  is  the  hearty  Desire  of 

Sir,  your  most  humble  Servants,  etc. 

To  Af.  Ralph  Allen,  at  Prior  Park, 
near  Bath,  in  Great  Brittain. 

By  Cap!  Jones,  who  arrived  the  Beginning  of  May,  1751,  Mf  Caner 
received  a  Letter  directed  to  him  and  the  Cointee  from  Mr.  Trecothick. 

London,  March,  1750/51. 

Sirs,  —  Since  I  had  the  pleasure  of  writing  you  last,  I  have  (agreeable 
to  the  Method  I  therein  advis'd  you  I  should  take)  put  on  Foot  a  Sub- 
scription in  favour  of  the  Church,  which  my  Friend,  M'  [John]  Thom- 
linson,  most  generously  began  with  Fifty  Pounds.  I  have  paid  him  my 
best  Thanks  for  it  in  your  Behalf,  and  doubt  not  you  will  put  it  in  my 
Power  to  deliver  him  a  Letter  with  your  own  before  I  leave  England. 

I  am  now  going  on  in  procuring  what  further  Benefactions  I  can ; 
which  at  present  amount  to  ^40,  —  that  is  ^90  in  the  whole,  —  and  I 
hope  still  to  continue  increasing,  tho'  at  present  am  obliged  to  be  as 
secret  as  the  Nature  of  the  Case  will  admit,  to  avoid  the  Interruption 
of  Persons  who  treat  our  Design  as  little  better  than  chimerical  and 
extravagant. 

It  will  be  necessary  to  give  Directions  for  the  purchase  of  such  Ma- 
terials as  you  may  want  from  hence,  w""  I  flatter  my  Self  may  now  be 
done  on  as  good  or  better  Terms  than  hereafter,  but  submit  it  to  your 
better  Judgment,  and  shall  (in  case  I  receive  no  Orders  from  You) 


92 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


invest  whatever  I  collect  in  such  Goods  as  will  soonest  turn  into  Cash, 
for  Account  of  the  Church,  making  Insurance  thereon. 

I  have  several  times  waited  on  the  Rev^  D'  Wilson,  who  professes  great 
good  Will  to  our  Undertaking,  but  insists  that  a  petition  must  be  preferr'd 
to  his  Majesty  for  his  Bounty  first,  which  the  D'  thinks  cannot  fail  of  pro- 
curing something  handsome,  and  will  occasion  a  general  Subscription. 
To  forward  this,  I  have  inquired  the  fate  of  the  two  petitions  already  for- 
warded, and  can  learn  nothing  of  that  presented  by  Sf  H.  F.,  w"  I  pre- 
sume is  overlookt  and  lost.  That  forwarded  to  his  Exc'"^  I  find  was 
lodg'd  in  the  Hands  of  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  with  a  Promise  from  his 
Grace  to  present  it  at  a  proper  Season,  but  I  suppose  that  is  at  present 
forgot  also ;  for  which  Reason  I  have  wrote  to  the  Govf,  laying  before  him 
a  State  of  the  Case,  and  hinting  that  without  some  speedy  Encourage- 
ment the  Work  must  stop,  and  begging  his  ExcelP''  Assistance  in  getting 
through  the  petition,  which  once  done  I  doubt  not  every  thing  we  wish 
would  be  effected  by  good  Application.  .  .  . 

I  had  almost  forgot  to  give  you  an  Account  of  my  Embassy  to  Cap' 
Coram.  I  waited  on  him  and  was  very  graciously  received ;  but  when 
I  open'd  the  Occasion  of  my  Visit  he  broke  out  into  the  most  passionate 
Reproaches  against  the  Vestry  of  King's  Chapel  for  slighting  the  present 
he  made  them  of  a  Piece  of  Land.  I  found  it  would  not  do  to  insist 
that  they  were  not  qualified  to  sue  for  it,  and  therefore  represented  that 
his  present  Petitioners  were  to  a  Man  another  sett  of  people,  and  not 
chargeable  with  the  misconduct  of  their  Predecessors,  with  whatever  else 
I  could  think  of  to  cool  the  Old  Gentleman,  but  all  in  vain.  After  sev- 
eral attempts  to  soothe  him,  he  flatly  told  me  that  Ae  knew  it  was  in  his 
Power  to  serve  the  Church  very  much,  but  that  by  G — d  if  the  twelve 
Apostles  were  to  apply  to  him  in  behalf  of  it  he  would  persist  in  refusing 
to  do  it.  This  I  thot  a  definitive  Answer,  and  so  took  my  leave.  I  have 
since  paid  him  another  visit,  and  been  very  courteously  treated,  but  on 
mentioning  the  Church  he  has  directly  relaps'd  into  his  Passion,  so  that 
you  may  lay  aside  all  hope  from  that  Quarter. 

By  request  of  the  Committee,  Mr.  Caner  replied  to  Mr.  Tre- 
cothick,  "  inclosing  a  Letter  of  Thanks  to  M:'  Thomlinson  for 
his  generous  Benefaction."  The  good  rector's  letter  also  con- 
tained an  allusion  to  the  venerable  philanthropist  who  had  so 
profanely  disappointed  their  hopes :  — 

"  As  to  Coram,  let  him  go.  He  might  have  served  us,  but  in  this 
Work  't  is  best  to  be  without  Assistance  from  the  D — 1." 

Mr.  Caner  was  also  directed  to  write,  May  6,  175 1,  to  Chris- 
topher Kilby,  Esq.,  of  London.^ 

1  Christopher  Killjy,  born  in  Boston,  (Simpkins)  Kilby,  who  was  one  of  the 
May  25,   1705,   of    John  and    Rebecca     founders  of  Brattle  Street  Church,  and 


THE    NEW   CHURCH. 


93 


Sir,  —  'T  is  possible  you  may  have  heard  that  King's  Chapel  in  this 
Town  is  rebuilding,  and  may  have  wonder'd  that  no  Ai)plication  has 
been  made  to  you  upon  that  Subject.  The  truth  is,  the  Congregation 
were  willing  to  try  their  own  Strength  before  they  troubled  their  Friends. 
This  they  have  now  done  by  raising  about  ^2500  Sterling.  It  is  com- 
puted the  Building  will  cost  near  as  much  more  ;  part  of  which  we  beg 
leave  to  hope  we  shall  obtain  from  you  and  other  kind  Friends.  We 
assure  our  Selves  you  will  be  ready  to  do  something  to  promote  a  Work 
of  this  kind  from  general  Principles,  something  to  encourage  the  orna- 
menting your  native  Town,  something  to  oblige  your  Friends  ;  of  which 
there  are  a  good  Number  belonging  to  this  Church.  'T  is  indifferent  to 
us  upon  which  of  these  Motives  you  proceed  in  dispensing  your  Bounty 
to  us.  We  .  .  .  have  desired  M'  Barlow  Trecothick,  now  in  London, 
to  wait  upon  you  with  the  plan  and  Subscription,  and,  having  seen  the 
one,  beg  leave  to  promise  our  Selves  your  Liberality  and  Influence  in 
promoting  the  other.  .  .  . 

The  Committee  also  wrote  to  M'.  Jon?  Barnard,  Merchant  in 
London :    .   .   . 

"  Your  affection  to  the  Church  of  England  and  Relation  to  New  Eng- 
land, and  particularly  your  former  Relation  to  this  very  Ch'?,  give  us 
Reason  to  believe  that  you  wish  its  Prosperity,  and  will  be  ready  to 
preserve  it  from  Contempt  by  encouraging  the  good  Work  we  have  in 
hand.  .  .  ." 

To  his  Excellency  the  Governor  the  Committee  wrote  in  the 
respectful  phrases  of  the  time,  as  loyal  subjects  and  fellow- 
worshippers  :  — 

died  in   1722.     He  married  August  18,  quet.    He  was  a  freeman  in  New  York  in 

1726,  Sarah,  oldest    daughter  of    Hon.  1758.    After  the  great  fire  of  March,  1760, 

William  Clarke,  whose  partner  he  was.  he  sent  ;i^200  for  the  sufferers  ;  in  con- 

His   wife   died    1739,  in  which  year  he  sequence  of  which,  "  Mackerill    Lane," 

was  chosen  representative  from  Boston  when  widened  and  rebuilt,  was  named 

to    the   General   Court.      In  December,  for  him.   He  remained  in  America  till  the 

1739,  he  was   sent   by  the   province    as  peace  of  1763 ;  returning  to  England  he 

a  special  agent  to  Great  Britain,  and  in  purchased  a  large  estate,  and  left  a  great 

1741   was  chosen  standing  agent  of  the  property  to  his  seven  grandchildren.     A 

province  in  England,  holding  the  posi-  great-granddaughter  was  the  first  wife  of 

tion  till  November,  1748.    He  was  largely  the  seventh  Duke  of  Argyll.    He  died  in 

instrumental   in  Governor  Belcher's  re-  England,  October,  177 1.     His  estate  was 

moval    and    Shirley's   appointment.     In  at  Tranquil-dale,  Betchworth,  Co.   Sur- 

1755,  Boston,  "having  some  grievances  rev.  His  will,  Oct.  5,  1771,  mentions 
of  its  own,"  appointed  him  the  standing  widow  Martha  and  grandchildren,  but 
agent  of  the  town  at  Court.     In  May,  leaves   his   only   daughter,   Mrs.    Sarah 

1756,  he  came  over  with  the  Earl  of  McAdams,  "the  sum  of  one  shilling,  and 
Loudoun  as  "  agent-victualler  of  the  no  more."  See  N.  E.  Hist,  and  Geneal. 
army,"  and,  visiting  Boston  in  January,  Reg  ,  xxvi.  43-4S,  and  "  Heraldic  Jour- 

1757,  received  the  honor  of  a  public  ban-  nal,"  ii.  48. 


94  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Boston,  May  6'!",  1751. 

May  if  please  your  Excellency,  —  Having  some  hopes  that  this  may 
find  you  a  little  at  Leisure  from  the  weighty  Affairs  in  which  you  have 
been  so  long  engaged,  We  presume  to  offer  our  Duty,  and  to  remind 
your  Excellency  that  we  still  need  your  Influence  and  Encouragement  in 
the  Affair  of  the  Chapel.  The  Dispute  with  W.  Faneuil  concerning  his 
Brother's  Subscription  of  ;^20o  Sterling  produced  a  special  Verdict,  a 
Copy  of  which  we  have  now  inclos'd.  Before  this  special  Verdict  was 
pleaded  to,  W.  Dudley  died,  and  the  remaining  four  Judges,  we  are  told, 
were  divided  in  their  Opinion,  so  have  given  in  no  Judgment.  In  this 
manner,  we  are  inform'd,  the  Case  will  probably  remain  suspended  till 
your  Excellency  shall  please  appoint  another  Judge.  Our  Petition  to  his 
Majesty,  we  hear,  still  lies  where  your  Excellency  left  it,  and  as  the  Suc- 
cess of  our  whole  Business  very  much  depends  upon  its  being  laid  before 
his  Majesty,  we  humbly  intreat  your  Excellency  to  labour  the  forwarding 
of  that  Matter. 

We  are  still  going  forward  with  the  Building,  tho'  slowly,  and,  could  we 
meet  with  a  little  Encouragement  from  home,  imagine  we  should  accom- 
plish it  in  due  Season.  .  .  .  That  God  would  give  Success  to  the  affairs 
in  which  your  Excellency  is  engaged,  and  that  you  may  have  a  speedy 
and  safe  Return  to  this  your  Government,  is  the  earnest  Desire  of 
Your  Excellency's  most  dutiful, 

most  obedient,  and 

most  humble  servants. 

A  Copy  of  the  Verdict  referr'd  to  and  inclos'd  in  the  foregoing  Letter 
to  his  Excellency  is  as  follows,  viz. :  — 

"  Suffolk,  ss. 

"At  his  Majesty's  Superior  Court  of  Judicature  began  and  held  at 
Boston,  within  and  for  the  County  of  Suffolk,  on  the  fourth  Wednesday 
of  August,  1750,  by  adjournment  from  the  third  Tuesday  of  s?  Month. 

"James  Gordon  et  al,  pits.  v.  Benj?  Faneuil,  Admf,  Deft.  The  Jury 
find,  Specially,  viz' :  That  Peter  Faneuil,  Esq'  made  the  Promise  as  de- 
clared of  in  the  Writ,  and  that  the  same  is  good  and  binding ;  that  the 
said  Benj"  Faneuil  is  Adm'  of  the  s5^  Peter's  Estate ;  that  untill  the  year 
1738  The  Practice  of  s''  Church  hath  been  to  elect  CW  Wardens  by  a 
Major  vote  of  all  those  that  usually  assembled  in  s?  Church ;  that  in  s? 
Year  1738  They  voted  that  only  those  who  paid  52/  yearly  Rates  should 
be  Voters,  and  that  since  the  Ch^  Wardens  have  been  elected  only  by 
those  who  paid  such  Rates,  and  that  by  such  the  s?  James  Gordon  et  al 
were  chosen  for  the  year  in  which  this  Action  was  brot,  but  never  sworn  ; 
and  if  upon  the  whole  the  s?  Gordon  et  al  can  by  Law  maintain  this 
Action,  then  we  find  for  them  Sixty  Six  Pounds  13/4  Sterling  Money 
Damage  and  Costs.     Otherwise  we  find  for  the  Defendant  Costs. 

"  Copy  as  on  File  Examined  p'  Sam'.'  Winthrop,  Cler." 


THE    NEW   CHURCH. 


95 


By  Cap!  Partridge,  from  Bristol,  M'  Tho'  Gunter  received  ...  an 
Answer  to  tlie  Com'"'^  Letter  to  M'  Ralph  Allen.  .  .  . 

Gentlemen,  —  I  have  received  the  Letter  which  you  were  pleased  to 
send  me  the  22^  of  Novem'  last,  and  have  seen  the  Draught  of  the  new 
Church  which  you  intend  to  build  at  Boston. 

I  much  approve  of  your  laudable  design,  and,  since  't  is  the  first  At- 
tempt of  this  kind  in  the  Plantations,  To  shew  how  sincerely  I  interest 
my  self  in  countenancing  of  it,  I  shall  be  willing  to  make  you  a  present 
of  all  the  freestone  that  will  be  wanting  for  the  Ornaments  of  your  Build- 
ing, and  deliver  it  into  Barges  at  my  Wharf  adjoining  to  this  place  with- 
out any  Expence  to  you.  But  finding  by  your  Letter  that  you  have  no 
Workmen  in  New  England  capable  of  working  this  Stone,  and  being  at 
the  same  time  sensible  that  the  sending  of  it  work'd  from  hence  must 
render  it  quite  useless  by  the  Damage  which  will  unavoidably  attend  it 
in  the  Voyage,  I  have  enquired  whether  it  was  practicable  to  cause 
proper  Workmen  to  go  from  hence  to  execute  this  part  of  your  Building, 
and  if  they  should  be  inclinable  to  go,  then  to  know  their  Terms. 

In  consequence  of  this  Enquiry  I  find  that  the  Person  who  lately  built 
the  Exchange  at  Bristol  with  six  Workmen  under  him  shews  a  Disposition 
to  go  to  Boston  to  execute  your  Design  for  the  Prices  which  they  had 
for  executing  the  Ornaments  of  that  Building  in  Bristol.  To  be  paid  in 
Sterling  Money  at  Boston,  with  proper  Allowance  for  their  loss  of  Time 
and  Expence  on  board  the  Ships  in  going  from  hence  to  Boston,  and  in 
returning  home.  And  since  it  will  be  necessary  for  them  to  remain  at 
least  one  Winter,  if  no  more,  in  Boston,  to  be  imploy'd  in  other  Work  at 
certain  Prices  during  such  parts  of  the  Winter  as  by  the  severity  of  the 
Weather  it  may  be  impracticable  for  them  to  work  the  free  Stone. 

What  the  Prices  paid  at  Bristol  for  all  Sorts  of  Freestone  Work  was, 
I  have  caused  to  be  inserted  in  the  inclos'd  Paper,  which  is  a  rough  Es- 
timate of  what  the  Free  Stone  Work  in  your  Plan  may  (exclusive  of  the 
Incidents  taken  Notice  of)  be  executed  at  Boston  for,  to  enable  you 
to  form  a  more  accurate  Calculation  of  the  whole  Expence  of  your 
Building. 

No  one  can  more  zealously  wish  Prosperity  to  our  Colonys  than, 

Gentlemen, 

Your  most  humble  Servant, 

Ralph  Allen. 
Prior  Park,  near  Bath, 
March  6''',  1750/51. 

The  following  is  a  Copy  of  the  Estimate  inclos'd  with  the  above  Let- 
ter, viz. :  — 

"An  Estimate  of  the  Free  Stone  Work  of  King's  Chapel  at  Boston  in  New  Eng- 
land, but  supposing  it  to  be  done  at  Bristol  in  Old  England. 

To  working,  setting,  carving,  and  Toorning  12  lonick  Col-    £   s.    d.  £    s.    d. 

umns  25  feet  high,  at  p  Column 7.  14.  00  88.  iS.  00 


96  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

To  working,  setting,  carving,  and  Toorning  4  lonick  Pil-    £    s.    d.  £    s.    d. 

lasters  25  feet  high,  at  p  Pillaster 4.  00.  00  16.  00.  00 

To  working,  setting,  and  Toorning  130  foot  of  entablature 

on  D°  5  feet  6  in.  high,  at  p  foot  running 9.  00  5S.  10.  00 

To  worldng,  setting,  and  Toorning  362  feet  of  lonick  Cor- 
nice 2  feet  6  in.  high,  at  p  foot  running 7.  00         126.  14.  00 

To  working,  setting,  and  Toorning  3S0  foot  of  Ballustrade 

4  feet  2  in.  high,  at  p  foot  running 4.  06  S5.  10.  00 

To  extra  Labour  in  making  Joggle  Joynts  and  setting  the 

Portico ID.  00.  00 

To  working,  setting,  carving,  and  toorning  20  lonick  Col- 
umns i  q  feet  high  in  the  Spire,  at  pr  Column  .     .     .     .     5.00.00         100.00.00 
To  working,  setting,  and  toorning  96  feet  of  entablature 

over  D°  3  feet  high,  at  pr  foot  running 6.  00  28.  16.  00 

To  working,  setting,  carving,  and  toorning  12  Corinthian 

Collumns  12  feet  high,  at  p  Column 4.  oS.  00  52.16.00 

To  working,  setting,  and  toorning  64  feet  of  entablature 

over  D°  2  feet  6  in.  high,  at  p  foot  running      ....  4-09 

To  working,  setting,  and  toorning  superficial  plain  Work 

at  p  foot  in  the  Tower  or  Spire 6 

To  200  feet  of  circular  plain  Work  in  D°  at  p"^  foot  ...  8 

To  432  feet  of  superficial  moulding  in  D°  at  p''  foot ...  8 

To  148  feet  of  circular  moulding  in  D°  at  p'  foot  ....  i.  00 

To  working,  setting,  carving,  and  toorning  32  Urns  or  Vases 

at  p I.  10  00 

To  carving  4  Windows  in  the  Spire 6.  00.  00 

To  working,  setting,  carving,  and  toorning  12  Corinthian 

Collumns  in  the  Inside  of  the  Chapel,  16  feet  high,  at 

p  Collumn 5.06.00  63.  12.  00 

To  working,  setting,  carving,  and  toorning   160   feet   of 

double  entablature  over  D°  3  feet  3  in.  high,  at  p''  foot 

running 12.  00  96.  00.  00 

To  working,  setting,  and  toorning  5  feet  of  Corinthian  Cor- 
nice one  foot  6  In.  high  in  the  inside  of  the  Chapel,  at 

p  foot  running 4.  00  10.  00.  00 

To  working,  setting,  carving,  and  toorning  20  Corinthian 

Pillasters  in  D°  16  feet  high,  at  p  Pillaster 3.  00.  00  60.  00.  00 

To  working,  setting,  and  toorning  160  feet  of  entablature 

over  D°  3  feet  3  In.  high,  at  p  foot  running      ....  6.  00  48.  00.  00 

The  freight  and  Duty  for  passing  several  Locks  from  M' 

Allen's  Wharf  at  Bath  to  Bristol  on  904  Tuns  of  Free 

Stone  at  p""  Tun 5.  06        256.  17.  00 


15- 

04. 

00 

6. 

13- 

00 

1.3- 

00. 

00 

7- 

oS. 

00 

4S. 

00. 

00 

1 197.  18.  00 


"These  Prices  are  for  Workmanship,  making  Mortar,  and  setting  up  the  Work, 
as  well  as  for  Tools  and  Tackles  necessary  to  Work,  raise,  and  set  the  same.  It 
also  includes  the  Labour  in  making  Scaffolds  and  taking  them  down  again.  But  it 
is  exclusive  of  Materials  for  Mortar  as  well  as  for  Scaffolding,  and  it  is  likewise 
exclusive  of  making  Scaffolds  where  it  is  rough  Walls  or  Brick  Work. 

"  N.  B.  In  the  executing  the  above  Work  there  may  be  some  necessary  extra 
Workmanship  which  can't  be  now  tho't  of,  but  will  be  done  at  the  above  Rate. 

"  Whereas,  the  above  Work  is  to  be  done  at  Boston  in  New  England,  and  as 
these  Prices  is  supposing  it  were  to  be  done  at  Bristol  in  Old  England,  The  Gen- 
tlemen of  Boston  is  to  make  every  Man's  time,  from  the  Time  he  sets  out  of  Old 
England  untill  he  returns  back  to  it  again  as  good  to  him  as  it  would  have  been  if 


THE   NEW   CHURCH.  97 

the  Work  had  been  done  at  Bristol  aforesaid,  and  to  bear  their  Expences  on  the 
Sea  both  going  and  coming,  and  something  by  way  of  Encouragement  for  venturing 
their  Lives  so  far  by  Sea,  etc." 

This  generous  gift,  entailing  impossible  outlays,  must  needs 
be  declined.  Before  doing  so,  however,  it  was  thought  proper 
to  acquaint  Governor  Shirley  therewith.     They  wrote :  — 

"  The  value  of  Mr.  Allen's  gift,  it  is  suppos'd,  is  near  a  thousand 
Pound  Sterling.  .  .  .  What  encouraged  us  to  this  Application  was  a  Re- 
port that  this  Gentleman  was  Owner  of  a  Quarry  of  Free  Stone,  and  that 
he  had  at  his  own  Expense  built  and  endowed  a  Chapel  at  or  near  Bath. 
We  have  inclos'd  a  Copy  of  our  Letter  to  him,  and  of  his  Answer,  with 
a  Copy  also  of  the  Estimate,  to  let  your  Excellency  see  what  a  noble 
Offer  we  have,  provided  we  had  but  Stock  sufficient  to  take  the  Benefit 
of  it,  which,  unless  your  Excellency  succeed  in  enlarging,  we  must 
despair  of."  .  .  . 

The  Record  proceeds :  — 

On  Thursday,  the  30'.''  of  May,  1751.  The  Judges  of  the  Superior 
Court  gave  Judgment  in  Favour  of  Kings  Chapel,  in  their  Case  with 
Benj"  Faneuil,  Esq.,  and  therein  established  the  Right  of  the  Chi'  War- 
dens to  sue  for  the  Church's  Dues,  notwithstanding  they  had  not  been 
sworn  into  that  Office,  which  was  the  Exception  alledged  by  Mr  Faneuil's 
Council.  Three  of  the  Judges,  viz.,  Saltonstall,  Lines,  and  Cushing,  gave 
for  the  Chapel ;  Mr  Sewal  only  dissented.^ 

A  letter  of  thanks  to  Mr,  Allen  was  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Caner, 
June  7,  175 1. 

"...  We  do  very  heartily  return  you  Thanks  for  the  generous  Offer. 
...  It  is  a  great  mortification  to  us  and  to  the  whole  Congregation  that 
we  find  our  Circumstances  too  much  straitned  to  be  able  to  take  the 

1  This  vexatious  contest  was  finally     £     s.     d. 
closed  in  May,  1751,  having  been  "con-     66.  13.  04.  Sterling  Damage, 
tinued  for   Advisement    at    the    Deft's       2.  01.  02.  Interest    from    Nov""    24'h   to 
motion,  he  agreeing  to  pay  the  plaint's  May  30*,  1751. 

Interest  on  whatever  sum  they  shall  6S.  14.  06.  Sterling  and  ;^  13.  11.  9.  law- 
recover  in  this  Action.  full   mony    to    be   paid   by 

"  Judgment  for  the  plaint's,  Sixty  Six  Mr  Faneuil. 

pounds,     thirteen     shillings,    and    four 

pence     Sterling     mony.     Damage     and     i'^-  '3- "Witness^   A"t     f"''^  ' 

Costs,  taxed  zX.  £\-^.  \\.  <^  lawfull  mony 
of  this  province. 

"  A    True    Copy  from    the    Minute 
Book,  Atf: 

"  Nathaniel  Hatch,  Cler. 

[See  ante,  p.  72  ;  and  Suffolk  P'iles,  v. 
398,  7to.  63.919;    V.  403,  no.   64.976;    V. 
409,  no.  65.954;  V.  411,  no.  66.175;  and 
V.  416,  no.  67.067.  —  Editor.] 
VOL.  II. —  7 


3.  —  Witn 
ted. 

ess 

attend 
.  13-  L' 

ance 

M" 

Ster. 
Costs 

68. 
10. 

s. 

14. 

03- 

d. 
6. 
9f- 

78. 

iS. 

7k- 

La  Mo 

n''  . 

105. 

"04: 

5- 

Old  Te 

789- 

o3' 

4-" 

gS  ANNALS   OF    KING'S   CHAPEL. 

benefit  of  your  valuable  offer.  Our  Church,  to  be  sure,  would  make  a 
noble  Figure  if  it  could  be  executed  in  the  manner  you  describe,  much 
beyond  anything  yet  done  in  English  America.  But  an  Infant  People 
must  be  content  to  creep  till  they  can  go.  And  we  can  pretend  with  our 
small  Stock  to  nothing  better  than  executing  many  of  the  Ornamental 
Parts  of  the  building,  especially  about  the  Spire,  with  Wood.  You  may 
remember  that  we  acquainted  you  in  our  former  Letter  that  our  Subscrip- 
tion amounted  to  no  more  than  ;^25oo  Sterling,  and  the  Body  of  the 
Building,  which  is  doing  with  rough  Stone,  we  suppose  will  take  up  that 
Sum.  And  as  we  have  no  other  Dependance  but  what  may  arise  from 
foreign  Applications,  We  cannot  so  much  as  flatter  our  Selves  at  present 
with  bemg  able  to  receive  the  Benefit  of  your  generous  Donation.  If 
we  should  be  favour'd  with  any  tolerable  Success  in  such  Applications, 
permit  us.  Sir,  to  expect  such  a  part  of  your  Bounty  as  our  future  Cir- 
cumstances may  enable  us  to  make  use  of.  If  nothing  of  this  nature 
should  occurr,  we  must  be  content  to  go  on  in  a  plainer  manner,  and  to 
do  that  in  time,  and  by  leizurely  Steps,  which  our  Necessity  makes  us 
wish  could  be  suddenly  effected.  Could  we  indeed  be  sure  that  the 
Workmen  you  mention  understood  working  and  laying  our  rough  Stone, 
which  is  exceeding  hard  to  hammer.  We  should,  notwithstanding,  en- 
courage their  coming  over,  and  put  the  whole  Work  into  their  Hands  at 
the  Price  we  now  give,  which,  for  plain  Wall,  is  20/  Sterling  the  Perch,  — 
that  is,  1 6)^  foot  long,  one  foot  high,  and  four  foot  thick,  —  and  so  pro- 
portionable, the  front  or  outside  only  brot  to  square  Joynts.  In  that  case 
the  Workmen  would  be  sure  of  a  good  Jobb  at  least,  and  if  any  future 
helps  enabled  us  to  import  the  Free  Stone  and  pay  for  its  being  wrought 
they  would  be  ready  upon  the  Spot  to  execute  it.  In  the  mean  time 
accept  once  more  of  our  hearty  thanks  for  the  kind  Notice  you  have 
been  pleased  to  take  of  us,  and  be  assured  that  we  are,  with  a  due  Sense 
of  your  Generosity,  your  most  obliged 

"  and  most  humble  Servants." 

The  Church  Wardens,  at  the  Desire  of  the  Com'*^",  waited  on  M^  Fan- 
euil  on  Thursday,  the  is'l"  of  June,  to  know  whether  he  was  willing  to 
pay  the  remainder  of  his  Brother's  Subscription,  without  further  Dispute 
in  the  Law.  Upon  which  he  desired  time  till  Monday  following  to  con- 
sult his  Lawyers  and  the  Parties  concern'd  with  him  in  this  Affair.  And 
on  Monday  M'  Boutineau,  in  behalf  of  M'  Faneuil  and  others,  Avaited 
on  Charles  Apthorp,  Esq-",  Treasurer  to  the  Committee,  and  agreed  and 
engaged  to  pay  the  whole  Money  demanded  without  further  dispute. 

The  same  Day  the  Committee  had  a  Meeting  with  their  Masons,  and 
expostulated  with  them  for  their  Backwardness  in  carrying  on  the  Work, 
who  promised  to  proceed  with  all  Expedition  in  finishing  their  Contract. 

By  a  Ship  from  London  .  .  .  the  Committee  received  an  Account  of 
the  success  of  M^  Barlow  Trecothick  in  forwarding  a  Subscription  in 
Favour  of  the  Chapel,  and  likewise  of  his  Design  to  settle  in  London. 


THE    NEW    CHURCH.  99 

On  the  departure  of  Mr.  John  Powell  for  England,  a  subscription 
paper  was  entrusted  to  his  care,  July  31,  1 75 1,  asking  for  "  Money,  Glass, 
Nails,  Lead,  or  other  Materials  requisite  in  such  a  Building."  Capt. 
Jeremiah  Fones,  commander  of  the  Britannia,  likewise  offered  his  Ser- 
vices, and  was  asked  to  obtain  "  Donations  in  the  way  of  their  several 
Trades  or  Buisness  "  from  persons  "  who  could  not  perhaps  with  Con- 
venience spare  so  much  Money.  And  as  their  several  Commodities  will 
be  vendible  here,  they  will  very  well  answer  the  End  of  carrying  forward 
the  Work." 

.  .  .  Coll.  Richard  Wiltshire,  now  bound  for  Barbadoes,  kindly  offer'd 
his  Service  in  applying  to  the  Governor  and  other  principal  Gentlemen 
of  that  Island,  [and  took  charge  of  an  Application,  Aug.  5,  1751,  which 
said  :]  .  .  .  It  is  a  singular  Pleasure  to  us  that  we  have  the  Opportunity 
of  making  our  present  Application  thro'  your  hands,  whose  Interest  and 
Influence  we  are  very  sensible  of,  and  whose  knowledge  of  us  and  of  our 
Circumstances  will  give  you  all  the  Advantages  proper  to  recommend  the 
Case.  .  .  . 

With  this  fresh  attempt  to  get  the  aid  desired  from  the  West 
Indies  closes  the  old  record  of  the  rebuilding,  leaving  the 
church  still  far  from  completed.  Whether  Mr.  Caner's  assidu- 
ous pen  wearied  of  the  task,  or  whether  the  continuation  of  the 
record  was  lost  at  the  Revolution,  is  uncertain.  It  is  possible 
that  the  Register  of  Burials  explains  the  sudden  cessation,  when 
it  notes  the  funeral,  on  March  18,  1752,  of  Ann,  "the  Pious  and 
Virtuous  Consort  of  Rev.  Henry  Caner,  aged  46  years." 

Among  the  papers  preserved,  however,  are  evidences  that 
efforts  were  still  continued  to  enlist  the  aid  of  other  parts  of 
His  Majesty's  realm  in  the  pious  work  which,  it  was  fondly 
hoped,  would  knit  closer  the  bonds  between  the  Mother 
Country  and  the  Province. 

The  draught  of  a  letter  written  by  Thos.  Hancock  to  Governor 
Hopson,  of  Nova  Scotia,  is  preserved :  — 

Sir,  —  I  beg  Leave  to  Inform  your  Ex?'  that  the  King's  Chappel  in 
Boston  is  going  to  be  Rebuilt,  that  the  Society  is  poor,  and  money  Greatly 
wanted  to  Carry  on  the  work ;  and  as  there  are  several  vessells  belonging 
here  in  the  Coal  service,  if  your  Excellr  would  be  so  Good  as  to  Let  any 
of  'em  Load  with  Coal  on  there  Return  to  help  Carry  on  the  same,  it 
would  be  of  Great  Service  and  thankfully  accepted  by  y"  Society.  Please 
to  Excuse  this. 

The  Duke  of  N  Castle  has  been  wrote  to  by  Gov.  Shirley  and  are  in 
hopes  something  will  be  Given  by  y''  King. 

Mr.  Peter  Kenwood  wrote  to  Mr.  Trecothick :  — 


lOO  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

ToPSHAM,  Nove'  y''  5'!',  1751. 
...  In  talking  with  Mf  Walker,  a  clergyman  of  my  Aquaintance,  about 
King's  Chappie,  ...  he  tould  me  he  thought  with  proper  application  a 
Breife  might  be  obtained.  I  tould  him  I  thought  the  expence  of  geting 
it  might  be  fifty  pound  or  more,  and  that  I  should  not  chuse  for  to  ad- 
vance that  on  an  uncertainty.  He  said  if  proper  Certificates  ware  Sent 
from  Boston  of  the  necessitey  of  the  thing,  the  few  Churches  that  ware 
thare,  and  the  number  of  mittings  and  the  expence  the  few  Church  men 
that  are  thare  had  been  at  in  building  two  other  Churches,  and  their 
paying  of  minister  and  —  everything  Sot  forth  in  a  proper  mannour,  that 
a  Breife  might  be  obtained  and  men  in  London  would  advance  money 
for  it  direcdy.  ...  I  send  you  the  Coppey  of  the  letter  my  Freind  re- 
ceived from  London.  .  .  .  You  See  he  Saith  .  .  .  must  have  a  Certifi- 
cate from  the  Sessions.  I  cannot  tell  if  that  may  be  obtained,  but  if  a 
good  reason  is  given  that  the  government  are  Descenters,  it  may  doe 
without  if  [you]  get  proper  men  to  Certifye  the  expence  it  will  be  to 
finish  the  Church,  and  let  the  Governour,  Ministers,  Wardens,  and  other 
Church  men  Sighne  it.  .  .  .  M'  Walker  thinks  it  would  be  proper  that 
the  principal  Persons  of  Church  men  should  also  Petition  his  Majesty  in 
a  proper  mannour.  .  .  .  The  little  I  got  for  the  Church  I  sent  from 
hence  by  Capt.  Michell  in  Cod  lines.  .  .  . 

In  this  letter  was  enclosed  that  "  To  the  Rev^  M'  Rob'  Walker 
in  Exeter." 

Dear  Sir,  —  By  the  Direction  of  a  Gendeman  belonging  to  Lord 
Chancellor  I  have  advised  with  M'  Withy  about  the  Brief.  He  tells  me 
the  whole  Expence  will  amount  to  between  Sixty  and  Seventy  Pounds, 
and  that  there  must  be  a  proper  Certificate  had  from  the  Sessions  at 
Boston.  When  that  is  obtained  and  sent  up  here,  he  will  solicite  the 
Privy  Council  in  order  to  get  their  seal,  and  lay  down  the  money  for  it, 
and  will  likewise  advance  about  two  hundred  Pounds  at  four  p  Cent.  I 
find  by  him  that  Lord  Chancellor's  Seal  extends  no  farther  than  Great 
Britain.  I  shall  be  always  ready  to  do  any  farther  Service  in  the  Affair, 
and  am,  with  all  Respect,  D'  S", 

¥"■  most  obed!  humble  Serv', 

Js.  Wills. 
Manchester  Court,  Oct:  22,  1751. 

Whether  this  suggestion  was  carried  out,  however,  the  record 
is  silent ;  but  the  age  of  Sir  Robert  Walpole  was  not  likely  to 
respond  with  enthusiasm  to  the  request  for  gifts  to  build  a 
church  at  the  end  of  the  earth. 

Meantime,  the  business  of  the  Church  proceeded  as  usual 
through  these  years  of  absorbing  interest  in  the  rebuilding. 
The  financial  embarrassment  from  the  departure  of  so  many 
pew-holders  continued. 


THE    NEW   CHURCH.  lOl 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Ch  :  \Vurdens  and  Vestry  of  Kings  Chapel  in 
Boston  at  M'  Hallyburtens  in  Kings  Street,  On  Thursday,  Mar.  31,  1748, 
The  Church  Wardens  haveing  laid  the  ace'  of  the  State  of  the  Church 
before  the  Vestry,  whereby  it  appears  that,  when  each  of  the  Propietors 
have  paid  up  the  Arrears  of  y''  present  Assesment  of  each  of  their  Pews, 
the  whole  Sum  or  Amount  of  said  Assesment  together  with  the  Transient 
Money  will  fall  short  of  Defraying  the  Charge  of  the  Chapel  to  Easter 
next  about  Two  hundred  and  fifty  four  pounds  Old  Tenr,  Computed  to 
be  Seven  Shillings  p  Pound  on  the  present  Assesment  w"^.''  each  and  every 
Propietor  ought  to  pay  before  Easter  Sunday  next,  that  y*"  Wardens  may 
be  enabled  to  pay  of  the  Salleries  and  discharge  the  Debts  of  the  Chapel. 

Tuesday  in  Easter  Week,  Aprill  12,  1748,  being  the  day  appointed  for 
the  Propietors  of  the  Pews  in  King's  Chapel  to  Choose  their  Church 
Wardens,  Vestry  Men,  and  Officers,  —  the  said  Propietors  being  Mett  at 
y^  Chapel,  —  present  only  fifteen  Voters.  .  .  . 

Voted,  That  the  Number  of  Vestry  Men  for  this  Year  be  fiveteen,  and 
any  five  of  them  be  a  Quorum. 

At  the  Meeting  of  the  proprietors  Afors?  at  the  Chapel  on  Wednesday, 
Aprile  20,  1 748,  by  Adjournment,  —  It  was  proposed  to  pay  the  Rev?  Mf 
Henry  Caner  his  Last  Years  Salery  of  One  hundred  and  Ten  pounds 
Sterl',  at  y*"  rate  of  Nine  hundred  p  C'  in  New  Engl''  Currency  Old  Tenf, 
or  Ten  for  One  ;  w"!"  Proposall  was  Accepted  and  Agreed  to  by  the  Rev^ 
Mr  Henry  Caner,  our  Minister. 

Voted,  that  all  and  each  propietor  of  a  Pew  or  Pews  in  this  Church 
Shall  pay  Seven  Shillings  On  y''  Pound  on  all  Such  Sum  or  Sums  as  their 
Pew  or  Pews  Are  Assesd  or  Rated  by  last  Assesment. 

Easter  Monday,  March  26,  1749.  .  .  .  Voted,  That  all  and  each  Pro- 
pietor or  Propietors  of  the  Pews  in  y*^  Chapel  shall  pay  Seven  Shillings 
On  the  Pound,  more  and  over  above  what  the  Several  Pews  were  Rated 
by  the  first  Assesment,  for  this  year,  to  the  Church  Wardens  to  make  up 
for  the  depreciation  of  the  bills  of  publick  Creditt.  .  .  . 

A  Vestry  was  called  to  consider  of  the  State  of  the  Church  in  regards 
to  the  Arrears  due  from  Severall  of  the  Propietors,  and  to  find  Some 
method  to  get  in  those  debts  in  Order  to  pay  of  the  Sallerys  and  other 
Contingent  Charges  of  the  last  Year ;  and  being  Met  at  the  Dwelling 
house  of  the  Rever'.'  M'  Henry  Caner,  on  Thursday,  Apr.  6,  1749,  the 
Church  Wardens  laid  the  State  of  the  Church  and  the  Amount  of  Arrear- 
ages before  them,  whereby  it  Appeared  there  was  a  deficiency  of  About 
;^656,  to  be  Collected  for  defraying  the  Charges  of  the  Chapel  for  the 
Years  1747  and  1748,  when  it  was  proposed  that  the  Church  Wardens 
should  draw  Out  the  particular  Acc'^  of  the  Delinquents,  and  that  Severall 
of  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Vestry  would  Assist  them  in  Collecting  the 
same.  .  ,  . 

June  21,  1749.  The  Churchwardens  are  desired  to  make  enquiry 
who  Usualy  Sits  in  the  forfeited  or  deserted  Pews  or  half  Pews,  and  tliose 


I02  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

belonging  to  the  Chapel ;  and  desire  those  Persons  that  usually  Sitt  in 
them  without  Authority  or  liberty  to  meet  the  Vestry  at  y*"  Royall  Ex- 
change Tavern^  nex  Wednesday  Evening.    .  .  . 

June  28,  1749.  The  Gentlemen  of  the  Vestry  having  Used  all  the 
Means  in  their  Power,  w''  the  Assistance  of  the  Wardens,  to  collect  and 
get  in  the  Arrearage  of  Contribution  due  to  the  Chapel,  Yet  by  means  of 
the  low  Circumstances  of  Severall  of  the  Propietors,  the  Depreciation  of 
the  present  Currency,  and  other  Accidental  Arrearages,  their  is  Still  a  de- 
ficiency of  about  One  hundred  and  fifty  Pounds,  Old  Ten',  to  Ballance 
the  Ace'?  of  the  Chapel  for  the  years  1 747  and  1 748,  to  raise  w"!"  Sum 
they  have  agreed  upon  a  Voluntary  Subscription. 

Fifty-five  persons  subscribed  ^163.  igs.  6d. 

July  5,  1749.  l-^ofei/,  That  each  Pew  in  the  Chapel  be  and  is  Assesed 
fifty  p  Cent,  or  Ten  Shillings  in  the  Pound,  more  and  Over  and  above  the 
last  Assesment. 

Here  follows  a  list  of  "  Pews  belonging  to  y"  Chapel  Apro- 
priated,"  including,^  — 

49.   A  Small  Seat  under  the  Pulpit.       64.    Sea  Officers. 

55.   The  Wardens.  94.   Appropriate  for  Old  Men. 

62.   The  Ministers.  99.   Old  Women. 

The  old  ledger  notes :  — 

1747/8.  Mar.  12.    Paid  for  a  New  Contribution  Paper  Book 

and  2  quire  of  best  Paper  and  Sealing  Wax  for     ^    s.    d. 
Letters  and  Duplicates  and  Subscription  Papers       10.  09,  10 

1748.  Apr.  I.    P'' Tho^  Fleet  for  printing  Notifications  to 

call  y"  Proprietors  to  Vote  the  Pulling  down  and 
Rebuilding  the  Chapel i.  10.  00 

II.    P"^  Steph"  Deblois,  Orgainist,  in  full  of  his  year's 

Sallery  now  due 35.  00.  00 

P*^  for  Labourers  taking  Off  y^  Snow  etc.,  and  Boards, 
Shingles,  Nails,  etc.,  for  repairing  the  Roof  of  y*" 
Church,  part  thereof  being  blown  of  by  a  Storm, 
w'!'  Indicott  and  Russell  Carpenters  bills  for  y'^ 
Work,  Am°  to 78.  08.  02 

1 749.  March  4.    P'^  Jn°  Bracket  Mason  for  pointing  the 

Windows  and  Stuff,  etc.,  in  nov""  last      .     .     .     .     10.  09.  00 

1750.  Aprill  16.   To  Mr  James  Cunningham,  Glazier,  for 

Glass  and  Mending  the  Windows,  p  Bill     .     .     .     21.  14.  00 
Dec'  25.    Spruce  to  Bush  the  Church 5.  00.  00 

1  It  stood  on  the  southwesterly  corner         ^  gee  the  Lists  of  Proprietors  appended 
of  State  and  Exchange  streets,  the  pres-     to  this  volume,  p.  5S5  et  scq. 
ent  site  of  the  Merchants  Bank  Building. 


THE   NEW   CHURCH.  IO3 

175 1.      May  19.    To  Cash  for  Black  br"^  Cloth,  etc.,  for  hang- 
ing y^  Pulpit  and  Desk  in  Morning  On  Ace'  y""     £    s.    d. 
Death  of  Pr  :  Fredrick,  p  Vote  of  y"-'  Vestry  .     .     86.  06.  00 

Mar.  29.  To  D°  paid  for  printing  150  Copies  of  the 
Rev''  M'  H  :  Caner's  Sermons  Occasiond  by  the 
Death  of  y"  Prince  AVales 45.  00.  00 

June  23.   To  D°  p^'  for  4  pew  Locks  and  Kej's  p 

Order 5.  00.  00 

To  D°  p''  Roberts,  Carpenter,  for  hanging  y"'  Ch : 

Doors  and  mending 2.  05.  00 

July  14.  To  D°  p"^  Campbell  Smith  for  15  Iron 
Stays,  hooks,  and  Staples  for  the  Ch  :  Windows  and 

mending 8.  15.  00 

1754.      Nov'  I.    To  d"  p?  Law  Charges  on   M':  Coram's 

Land  at  Taunton 9.  11.  03 

Dece'  14.   To  ditto  p''.  Thof  Johnston  for  Singing 

13  Weeks 13.  05.  00 

The  Register  of  Marriages  for  this  period  records :  — 

1749.  Sept.  13.  Rev'' Jeremiah  Learning  and  Ann  Thompson.  He 
of  Newport.     She  of  Boston. 

And  that  of  Burials :  — 

1748.     Jan.  4.     Ruth,  widow  of  the  Revd  Mr.  Woodbridge.     37. 
1752.     March  18.     Ann  Caner,  Wife  of  the  Rev"  Henry  Caner.     46. 
1753-     Sept.  13.     Luke  Vardy.  formerly  Innholder.     67  years.     His 
widow  was  buried  on  Sept.  26. 

March  2,  1748.  ...  It  was  proposd  that  a  Letter  of  Adress  Should 
be  Sent  To  Our  Diocesian  Doctor,  Tho?  Sherlock,  Lord  Bishop  of  Lon- 
don, upon  his  Translation  to  the  See  of  London ;  and  upon  a  Draught 
of  a  letter  being  presented,  it  was  read  and  Agreed  to,  to  be  Signd  by  the 
Minister,  Church  Wardens,  and  Vestry  :  ^  —  ' 

Boston,  February  27,  1748. 
May  it  pleas  your  Lordship,  — 

To  receive  the  Address  and  Congratulation  of  the  Minister,  Wardens, 
and  Vestry  of  Kings  Chapel,  in  Boston,  upon  your  D' ships  Translation  to 
the  See  of  London. 

Wee  sincerely  bless  that  good  Providence  of  God  w"''  disposd  his  Maj- 
esty to  appoint,  and  Your  Lordship  to  accept,  a  Station  of  so  great 
consequence  to  the  intrest  of  the  Church ;  the  Importance  of  w''"'  may 
reasonably  employ  Your  Lordships  great  Abbilitys. 

Remote  as  wee  are  from  the  Episcopal  Throne,  wee  have  yet  the 

1  It  was  also  signed  by  "  Will :  Shirley  the  Gov^" 


I04  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

honour  of  being  esteemed  a  Part  of  Your  Lordships  Diocess,  in  con- 
sequence of  w"''  we  doubt  not  of  shareing  your  paternal  care  and 
Benediction. 

King's  Chapel  is  the  first  Church  erected  in  New  Engl*^ ;  it  has  la- 
boured under  a  Series  of  opposition,  tho'  now  pretty  well  and  firmly 
establishd ;  all  the  Churches  in  New  Eng''  have  taken  their  Rise  from 
its  countenance  and  Support,  and  particularly  two  other  large  Churches 
in  this  Town  of  Boston. 

Its  priority  in  point  of  Time,  and  the  difficultys  w''''  have  attended  it 
from  that  circumstance,  have  entitled  it  to  singular  honours  and  privi- 
ledges.  An  Assistant  was  procured  for  it  by  Bishop  Compton,  now  paid 
out  of  y^  Civil  List,  and  a  Small  Liberary,  by  the  same  Intrest. 

The  Rector  of  it  had  y*"  honour  to  be  appointed  Commissary  by  our 
Late  Worthy  Diocesian,  and  enjoyd  other  marks  of  his  Favour. 

And  as  wee  hope  by  our  dutifuU  Behaviour  to  merrit  Your  Lordships 
Notice  in  like  manner,  so  wee  begg  leave  in  all  humility  to  expect  it,  and 
in  particular  Your  Lordships  Episcopal  Benediction  most  highly  valued  by 
Your  Lordships  most  dutifuU  and  obedient  Serv''. 

To  the  Right  Hev^  Father  in  God, 

Tho^  Lord  Bishop  of  London. 

A  Letter  w'^.''  came  by  Cap.  Craigie  from  his  Grace  the  Lord  Bishop  of 
London  (in  Answer  to  Ours  of  y'^  27  Febr :  last  past),  being  Comuni- 
cated  and  Orderd  to  be  Recorded  as  follows  :  — 

Superscription 

London,  Septf  13,  1749. 
To  the  Rev'^  Af  Caner,  and  to  the  Church  Wardens  and  Gcntletnen  of 
the  Vestry  of  Kings  Chapel,  at  Boston,  in  New  England :  — 

Rev°  Sir  and  Gentlemen,  —  I  return  you  my  sincere  thanks  and  Ac- 
knowledgment for  your  kind  Congratulation.  The  best  prospect  I  have 
of  doing  any  Service  among  you  to  Religion  and  the  Church  of  England 
depend  upon  the  Assistance  I  promise  my  self  from  your  good  dispo- 
sition and  Inclination  towards  both.  How  able  I  may  be,  or  what  Oppor- 
tunitys  I  may  have  to  Serve  you,  depends  not  on  me,  but  on  the  Great 
Master  whom  both  you  and  I  serve ;  one  thing  I  trust  I  may  promise, 
that  I  shall  never  want  the  Will  to  promote,  as  far  as  in  me  lies,  your 
present  and  future  Happiness. 

I  heartily  recommend  you  to  y^  Care  and  Protection  of  God,  and  of 
our  Blessed  Lord  and  Redeemer,  Christ  Jesus. 

I  am, 

Gentlemen, 
Your  Affectionate  and  Obedient  Serv*  in  Christ, 


<^^ :        o/oyi^^^_ 


THE    NEW   CHURCH. 


105 


Monday,  Aprill  23,  1750.  .  .  .  The  Sen'  Warden  laid  a  State  of  the 
Chapel  as  to  the  Charge  of  the  Church  for  the  Year,  from  Easter,  Mar. 
25,  1749,  to  Easter,  Aprill  15,  1750,  computing  the  whole  Charge  to 
Am'  to  About  y"  Same  as  y""  Year  1748,  viz.,  Old  Ten',  ^1490.  And 
that  they  had  Received  in  Contribution  on  Sundays  in  that  time,  viz. : 

of  the  Propietors  and  others  regularly  Seated 

in  Pews ^^846.  11.  10 

of  Transient  Persons 320.  15.  11 

^1167.  7-  9 

and  that  there  was  a  Dificiency,  to  be  collected  from  and  amongst  the 
Propietors  and  others  Seated  in  y^  Pews,  to  discharge  y*"  Debts  of  y*" 
Chapel  for  Said  Year  =  ^322.  12.  3. 

And  likewise  laid  before  the  Vestry  an  Estimate  of  the  Arrearage  due 
from  the  Propietors  and  others  Seated  in  y*"  Pews  of  Said  Chapel  for  y*" 
Said  Year  to  make  up  the  last  Assesment  on  Said  Pews  at  Easter  Sunday 
past  of  ;;^444.  10/  —  O  Ten'. 

Easter  Monday,  April  8,  1751.  .  .  .  Voted.  James  Hewit  Serve  as 
Sexton  (upon  Probation)  for  Six  Moneths  to  come,  ending  the  8  of 
October  next. 

Voted  by  a  hand  Vote,  That  the  Manadgment  of  the  Pews  and  other 
Prudentials  of  the  Church,  for  the  Year  ensueing,  be  left  to  the  Church 
Wardens  and  Vestry.  .  .  . 

Copy  of  James  Gordon,  Church  Warden,  his  letter  to  Mark  Went- 
worth,-^  of  Portsm?  in  New  Hampshire,  Esqr :  — 

Boston,  Apr.  22:  1751. 

S"*,  —  Inclosd  is  Thirty  two  pounds.  Old  Ten!  Bills  of  Your  Province, 
etc.,  belonging  to  y*"  King's  Chapel,  of  the  Church's  money.  The  Gen- 
tlemen of  the  Vestry  having  a  high  esteem  of  Your  Afection  and  Regard 
for  y°  intrest  of  the  Church,  desire  me  to  remitt  this  money  to  you,  and 
begg  You  '11  be  so  good  as  to  Exchange  it  at  the  easiest  discount  for 
Your  own  bill  on  M'  Apthorp  in  my  fav"  as  Warden.  .  .  . 

In  Answer  to  Said  Letter,  Charles  Apthorp,  Esq',  deliverd  me  Twenty 
Eight  pounds.  Old  Ten""  Bills  of  this  Province,  Aprill  29,  1751,  in  Exch*" 
for  the  ^32  N.Hampshire  Bills  remitted  to  M' Wentworth,  —  the  ^4 
discount  is  to  be  Chargd  to  the  Church. 

At  a  meeting  of  y*"  Vestry  at  y"  House  of  the  Rev?  M'  Henry  Caner, 
on  Thursday,  May  16,  1751,  on  Ace'  of  y®  Sorrowfull  News  of  y^  Death 
of  his  Royal  highness  Fredrick  Prince  of  Wales. 

Voted,  That  the  Pulpit  and  Desk  of  Kings  Chapel  be  put  in  Mourning 
at  y^  Charge  of  the  Church,  and  that  y*"  Wardens  cause  y°  Same  to  be 
done  by  Wednesday  Morning  next. 

Voted,  That  the  Church  Wardens  Wait  on  the  Rev?  Mr  Henry  Caner, 

^  Mark  Hunking  Wentworth,  son  of  of  Sir  John  Wentworth,  the  hist  Royal 
Lieut.-Gov.  John  Wentworth,  and  father     Governor  of  New  Hampshire. 


I06  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

and  desire  him  to  preach  a  Sermon  at  y"  Chapel  on  Wednesday  Next, 
Suitable  to  that  Solemnity. 

Voted,  That  y"  Wardens  wait  upon  his  hon'  the  Lieut.  Govern':  of  this 
Province/  and  acquaint  him  w'  the  Substance  of  the  Above  written  Votes. 

Voted,  That  y"  following  Advertisement  be  printed  in  y'^  Newspapers 
that  come  out  on  Monday  and  Tuesday  next,  and  that  the  Wardens 
cause  the  Same  to  be  done  :  — 

Advertizement.  —  Upon  the  Melancholy  News  of  the  Death  of  his 
Royal  Highness  the  late  Prince  of  Wales,  The  Wardens  and  Vestry  of 
Kings  Chapel  mett  and  Voted  that  y^  same  be  Solemnised  at  Kings 
Chapel  on  Wednesday  y"  22?  Instant.  Upon  which  Ocasion  the  pulpit 
will  be  hung  in  Black,  and  a  Sermon  preached  by  the  Rev?  Mr  Caner 
Suitable  to  that  Solemnity.     Divine  Servis  will  begin  at  1 1  °Clock. 

Voted,  An  adjournment  of  the  Vestry  to  meet  again  On  friday  Sen- 
night, 24*  Curr[,  at  y°  Same  Place,  at  6  O'Clock  in  y*"  Evening. 

Conform  to  y'  foregoing  Votes,  The  pulpit  and  Reading  Desk  and 
Clerks  Desk  were  Coverd  w!  Black  Broad  Cloth.  The  Wardens  waited 
on  his  Hon":  the  L'  Gov!',  and  Acquainted  him  that  a  Sermon  was  to  be 
preached  at  the  Chapel  on  Wednesday  y"  22  Curr',  by  the  Rev''  M' 
Caner,  Suitable  to  the  Mournfull  Occassion,  etc. 

The  Charge  of  hanging  the  Pulpit,  etc.,  as  follows,  Viz  :  — 

7^  yds  fine  Black  Broad  Cloth  at  £^\.       Old  TenT  p  y'i  ^79.  i  q.  o 

y&  yds  Middlin  D;' 9.  .     .     .     p  y^ 

17  yds  of  Silk  ferrit 2/ 

Yj,  Oz.  of  Sewing  Silk   ....  30/ 

4  h  :  of  flax 

The  character  of  the  weak  and  fickle  prince  could  hardly 
have  been  unknown,  even  as  seen  through  the  softening  haze 
of  distance  by  American  churchmen ;  but  if  known,  it  was  for- 
gotten in  the  natural  pathos  of  his  death  in  the  flower  of  his 
age.  The  next  heir  to  the  throne  was  now  his  son  George, 
a  boy  of  twelve,  whose  accession  nine  years  later  the  same 
preacher  would  hail  with  an  outburst  of  loyalty.  Yet  it  was 
soon  to  be  shown  that  the  chief  reason  for  desiring  Frederick  to 
live  was  to  save  the  realm  from  disruption  by  his  successor. 

Mr.  Caner's  sermon  was  printed.^  He  began  with  allusions 
to  those  favorite  adversaries  of  the  preacher,  the  Deists :  — 

"  While  the  small  philosopher  is  thus  loosing  himself  in  his  own  web, 
.  .  .  the  religious  man  soars  aloft." 

1  Spencer  Phips,  nephew  of  Sir  Wil-  Trust:  Being  a  Discourse  upon  Psalm 
liam  Phips,  Lieut.-Governor  of  Massa-  cxviii.  8,  9.  Preached  at  King's  Chapel 
chusetts,  1732-1757.  In  Governor  Shir-  in  Boston,  May  22d,  1751,  Upon  Occa- 
ley's  absence  from  the  country,  he  was  sion  of  the  much  lamented  Death  of  His 
the  chief  executive  officer.  late  Royal  Highness  Frederick  Prince  of 

2  "  God,  the  only  unfailing  Object  of  Wales,"  etc. 


5- 

17- 

6 

I. 

14- 

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0. 

10. 

0 

0. 

9- 

6 

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M°. 

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6. 

ois 

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53/s 

THE    NEW   CHURCH.  IO7 

The  preacher  then  enlarged  upon  the  Prince's  virtues :  — 

"  Placed  so  near  a  throne,  his  conduct  in  that  preparatory  station  was 
a  noble  prognostick  of  future  glory,  and  gave  sufficient  indications  that 
he  knew  the  best  use  of  power.  .  .  .  Our  constitution  has  been  not 
unfitly  compared  to  some  fine  and  curious  machine,  beautifully  regular 
in  its  motions  when  all  its  parts  are  rightly  adjusted,  but  thro'  the  mul- 
tiplicity of  its  movements,  or  the  exquisite  fineness  of  its  texture,  too 
easily  disordered.  It  requires  a  gentle  and  steady  hand,  as  well  as  a 
wise  head  and  an  upright  heart,  to  guide  a  people  nicely  jealous  and 
tenacious  of  their  liberties.  ...  A  rough  tho'  an  honest  temper  is  liable 
to  beget  distaste ;  and  too  slack  a  hand  gives  liberty  room  to  wanton 
and  luxuriate  to  licentiousness.  The  happy  mean  between  these  ex- 
tremes is  what  bids  fairest  for  a  lasting  and  satisfactory  management.  .  .  . 
And  might  we  not  have  promised  our  selves  much  of  this  happy  conduct 
from  the  acceptable  and  engaging  manner,  the  easiness  of  address,  the 
well  attemper'd  majesty  and  familiarity  which  are  said  to  have  adorn'd 
this  prince's  character,  when  joyned  with  his  Integrity,  virtue,  justice, 
compassion,  and  prevailing  love  to  his  country?" 

June  26,  1 75 1.  Agreed,  That  each  of  the  gentlemen  of  y^  Vestry  pay 
into  the  Church  Wardens  hands.  Three  pounds,  Old  Tenr.,  to  Pay  the 
Printer  for  Printing  the  Rev?  Mf  Caner's  Sermon,  Preached  at  y"  Chapel, 
22".''  Ult°,  Upon  the  Melancholly  News  of  the  Death  of  his  Royal  Hig- 
ness  the  late  Prince  of  Wales,  till  Such  time  As  Some  other  Method  is 
concerted  to  raise  the  Money. 

Easter  Monday,  March  29,  1752.  Voted,  There  be  Thirteen  Vestry 
Men  Chosen,  —  five  of  them  to  be  a  Quorum. 

The  Register  of  Marriages  has  a  note :  — 

1752.  Henceforward,  by  Act  of  Parliament,  the  Year  is  appointed 
to  begin  the  first  Day  of  January. 

The  terror  of  the  scourge  most  dreaded  by  our  forefathers 
casts  a  baleful  shadow  over  those  pages,  which  record  the  most 
festive  moments  as  the  same  Register  notes  that  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Brockwell  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  McGilchrist  married  ten  couples 
"  in  the  Time  of  the  Small  Pox,"  Feb.  13-July  30,  1752. 

At  a  Meeting  of  the  Vestry,  at  y*"  house  of  the  Rev.''  W.  Henry  Caner, 
on  Wednesday,  Aprill  iS,  1752, — 

The  Rever'.'  M!'  Caner  Acquainted  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Vestry  of 
his  purpose  and  the  Necessity  of  his  goeing  Out  of  Town  to  Avoid  the 
Danger  of  his  haveing  y"  Small  Pox,  if  the  Church  Agreed  to  his  Pro- 
posall,  and  told  them  that  if  it  was  Agreeable  to  them  he  had  engaged 
the  Rev'.'  M:  M'.Gilchrist,  of  Salem,  to  Exchange  w".'  him  to  Officiate  in 


I08  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

his  Cure  and  room  dureing  his  Absence  ;  but  that  Since  he  had  obtained 
M^  jVr.Gilchrist's  Consent,  the  Rev^  Mf  Brockwell  had  Signified  his  desire 
and  Consent  to  Perform  the  whole  duty  of  the  Chapel  (except  Visiting 
the  Sick  of  y"  Small  Pox)  dureing  Mr  Caner's  Absence. 

The  Rev?  Mr  Canner  therefore  desired  the  Opinion  and  Consent  of 
the  Vestry  in  these  Matters,  — 

first.  Whether  they  were  willing  he  should  goe  as  he  proposed. 
They  all  declared  they  were  Willing. 

2''ly.  Whether  they  were  willing  to  Accept  of  the  Revi'  Mr  Brockwell 
his  offer  of  doeing  the  whole  Duty  of  the  Chapel  dureing  his  Absence,  or 
whether  he  must  get  the  Rev?  Mf  M'^Gilchrist  to  officiate  in  his  room  and 
stead. 

They  all  Unanimoulsly  declared  it  their  Oppinion  that  the  Rev?  M' 
M'^Gilchrist  Should  Officiate  for  and  in  the  room  of  the  Rever^  M'  Caner 
dureing  his  Absence,  As  being  more  for  y^  Safety  and  good  of  the  Church, 
as  the  Rev?  M'  Brockwell  has  not  had  the  Small  Pox,  to  his  knowledge, 
nor  will  Visit  V  Sick  of  that  distemper.^ 

At  a  Meeting  of  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Vestry  of  Kings  Chapel,  at  the 
house  of  the  Rev?  Ml  Henry  Caner,  November  lo,  1752,  the  Church- 
Wardens  laid  before  them  an  Ace!  of  the  Charges  of  Said  Chapel,  for 
Year  1751,  to  Easter,  March  29,  1752  ;  and  upon  Summing  up,  it  Ap- 
pears there  is  a  Defficiency  in  the  Contribution  for  that  Year  of  About 
Two  hundry  and  fifty  Pounds,  After  the  Arrears  for  s"^  Year  are  paid. 
Therefore,  in  Order  to  make  up  the  Said  Deficiency,  the  following  Gen- 
tlemen Subscribed  and  promised  to  pay  to  the  Church  Wardens  the 
Several  and  Respective  Sums  Opposite  to  their  Names,  as  follows. 

Twenty-three  persons  subscribed  ^94.  10,  old  Tenor, 

At  a  Meeting  of  the  Congregation  of  Kings  Chapel  On  Sunday,  March 
the  18*,  being  warned  to  Stay  at  S'!  Chapel  after  Divine  Servis  in  the 
Afternoon,  to  know  their  mind  Concerning  the  fixing  On  a  Place  for  per- 
forming Divine  Servis,  after  y^  Old  Chappel  is  pulled  down  and  whilst  it 
is  Rebuilding.  It  was  proposed  by  a  great  majority  to  Ask  liberty  of  the 
propietors  of  Trinity  Church  for  the  Use  of  Said  Church,  and  if  Wee 
Cannot  be  Accomodated  w"'  that  Church,  It  was  Unannously 

Fofed,  That  it  be  left  with  the  Church  Wardens  and  Vestry  to  choose 
and  Procure  Any  other  Commodius  place  for  the  Congregation  to  Meet 

1  Mr.  Miller  wrote  to  the  Secretary  "  Topsham,   August   I8'^   1751.  .  .  . 

of  the  Venerable  Society,  from  "  Brain-  That  bad  Distemper  at  Boston  must  be 

tree  in  N.  Engl"?  ApU.  7,  1752  :  M--  Caner  a  very  distress'd  thing  to  the  People,  and 

having    never   had    this  distemper,  has  I  think  they  must  be  Convinced  it  was 

made   an   Exchange   with   M":   Gilchrist  not  prudent  to  keep  it  out  of  that  large 

till    it    has    gone    thro'   the   Town." —  place   so   long;    much   better    that   the 

Church  Docs.  Mass.,  p.  443.  Children  have  it  when   young,  if   they 

Mr.  Peter  Kenwood  expressed  a  mer-  then  should  be  tacken  of,  the  Damage 

cantile  view  of  the  malady  in  writing  to  might  not  be  so  great  as  when  Fathers 

Rev.  H.  Caner:—  or  Mothers  of  Family.  .  .  ." 


THE   NEW    CHURCH.  lOg 

in  for  the  Performance  of  Divine  Worship  as  Usual,  Untill  the  Chapel  is 
Rebuilt  and  fitt  for  the  Congregation  to  meet  there. 

The  Congregation  likewise  agreed  to  pay  up  the  whole  of 
the  assessment  of  their  several  and  respective  pews,  with  the 
arrearages  due,  at  and  until  Easter  next,  and  to  pay  to  the 
wardens  or  put  the  same  into  the  contribution  boxes  on  Sun- 
day next,  ill  order  to  enable  the  wardens  to  pay  the  debts  of 
the  Chapel,  and  to  make  such  further  contribution  as  will  make 
up  the  deficiencies  of  this  and  the  preceding  year. 

At  this  critical  moment  in  the  new  enterprise,  a  subscription 
was  set  on  foot,  in  which  forty-six  persons  subscribed  £i6g.  19 
on  the  following  paper :  — 

We,  the  Subscribers,  Proprietors,  and  others  of  the  Congregation  of 
said  Church,  in  order  to  provide  the  means  of  Publick  Worship  dureing 
the  time  that  the  said  Chapel  may  be  Rebuilding,  for  ourselves  and  others 
who  have  been  used  to  Assemble  in  the  said  Church,  Do  hereby  Sever- 
ally promise  and  obledge  our  Selves  to  pay  unto  James  Gordon  and  John 
Box,  Wardens  of  the  said  Chapell,  or  to  the  Warden  thereof  for  the  time 
being,  the  Severall  yearly  Sums  hereinafter  Annexed  to  our  Respective 
Names,  in  Weekly,  Monthly,  or  Quarterly  payments,  for  and  untill  the 
time  that  the  said  Chapel  shall  be  Rebuilt  or  made  fitt  to  Assemble  in 
for  the  purposes  of  Divine  Worship  ;  Provided  only  that  this  Obligation 
be  not  construed  to  Extend  above  two  years,  Commenceing  from  Easter 
next  Ensueing  the  date  hereof. 

Don  at  Boston,  this  19'''  day  of  March,  1753. 

To  the  Reif^  Ml  W"'  Hooper,  and 

To  Mess"  Joseph  Dowse  and  Rnfiis  Green,  Wardens,  and 

To  the  Gentkinen  of  the  Vestry  of  Trinity  Church  ifi  Boston  : 

Gentlemen,  —  As  the  Propietors  of  Kings  Chapel  have  come  to  a 
Resolution  to  take  down  the  Sf  Chapel  within  a  few  days,  in  order  to 
rebuild  the  same.  They  have  directed  us  to  apply  to  you,  and  to  beg 
the  Liberty  for  our  Congregation  to  Assemble  in  your  Church  while  ours 
is  rebuilding.  We  apprehend  that  if  one  of  the  Congregations  (at  your 
Election)  should  begin  the  Service  precisely  at  half  an  Hour  after  Nine 
in  the  Morning  and  at  two  in  the  Afternoon,  the  other  will  have  sufficient 
Time  for  performing  divine  Worship,  without  incommoding  each  other, 
and  especially  if  the  Post-Communion  Service  were  Omitted  by  both  ; 
And  for  the  four  Winter  Moneths  (when  the  Days  are  short)  We  shall 
be  Content  w"^  one  Service  a  Day.  An  Answer  to  this  Request  as  Speed- 
ily as  Convenience  will  allow,  will  Oblige,  Gendemen, 
Your  most  humble  Servants, 

H.  Caner,  \ 
J.  Gordon,  >-  etc. 
Boston,  March  19'^  1753.  J.  Box,        ) 


no  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

The  reply  was  addressed 

To  the  Heverend  J/r  Henry  Caner,  and 

To  Messrs.  James  Gordon  and  Jo/m  Box,  Wardens,  and 

To  the  Gentletnen  of  the  Vestry  of  the  King's  Chappel  in  Boston : 

Gentlemen,  —  In  the  Name  and  at  the  Desire  of  the  Proprietors  of 
Trinity  Church,  we  acknowledge  the  Honour  of  the  Receipt  of  yours  of 
the  19  Instant,  and  acquaint  you  that  they  have  Unanimously  granted 
you  Liberty  to  assemble  in  Said  Church  when  the  Chappel  shall  be  taken 
down. 

In  order  to  accommodate  you,  they  have  resolved  to  alter  their  usual 
Time  of  Assembling,  and  to  begin  the  Service  on  Sundays  for  this  en- 
sueing  Summer  Season  till  the  first  of  October,  precisely  at  Eleven 
"Clock  in  the  Morning,  and  at  Four  in  the  Evening ;  and  for  the  other 
part  of  the  Year,  from  the  Beginning  of  October  to  the  Beginning  of 
April,  they  have  resolved  to  assemble  at  ten  in  the  Morning  and  Three 
in  the  Evening. 

As  for  the  Precise  Time  of  the  assembling  of  your  Congregation,  they 
leave  that  to  your  Selves,  provided  you  Order  it  So  as  there  may  be  at 
least  one  Half  Hour  from  the  Ending  of  your  Service  to  the  Time  they 
have  fixed  for  the  Beginning  of  Ours,  that  all  Confusion  may  be  avoided 
in  Going  to  and  Coming  from  Church. 

We  are  all  glaid  to  hear  that  the  Building  of  the  New  Chappel  is  so  far 
advanced,  and  heartilly  Wish  you  Success,  and  that  the  Work  may  soon 
be  brought  to  an  happy  Conclusion. 

We  are.  Gentlemen, 

Your  most  Obedf  humble  Servants, 

Wi!  Hooper, 
Joseph  Dowse, 
Boston,  March  26,  1753.  RuTFUS  Greene. 

At  the  Anniversary  Meeting  of  the  Propietors  of  Kings  Chapel  in 
Boston,  at  Trinity  Church,  at  four  O'Clock,  p.  m  ,  on  Easter  Monday, 
Aprile  23,  1753,  there  being  fourteen  Propietors  Present.  —  N.  B.   The 
Kings  Chappel  being  then  taken  down  in  Order  to  be  rebuilt.^ 
Voted,  by  Written  Votes,  .  .  .  That  the  Number  of  Vestry  Men  for  the 

Ensueing  Year  be  Eighteen  :  Seven  of  whom  to  be  a  Quorum.^ 
Voted,  That  Jn°  Hooker  be  Sexton,  and  to  be  Allowed  Twenty  Shillings 
Old  Tenor  p  Week;  but  if  prayers  is  Said  on  Wednesdays  and 
Fridays  at  Trinity  Church,  and  Festival  Days,  by  Our  Minister,  and 
he  gives  his  Attendence  as  Sexton  on  these  days,  he  is  to  be  allowed 
and  paid  Thirty  Shillings  Old  Tenor,  or  four  Shillings  Lawfull  Money 
p  Week  for  y"  Ensueing  Year. 

1  Walcott's    manuscript    states    that  2  xhe  Vestry  was  headed,  "  Sir  Henry 

"the   old  building   began   to   be   taken     Frankland,    Barronett ;     his    Excelency 
down  2d  April,  1753."  Gov':'  Shirley." 


THE    NEW    CHURCH.  Ill 

Voted,  That  the  Thanks  of  this  Congregation  be  given  to  M'-  James 
Gordon  for  his  great  pains,  and  faithfully  dischargeing  his  office  of  a 
Church  Warden  for  these  Seven  Years  last  past. 

One  more  application  to  the  town  was  necessary.^ 

"May  15,  1753.  The  Petition  of  the  Committee  of  Kings  Chappel, 
praying  that  Liberty  may  be  granted  them  to  Erect  three  Pillars  of  Stone 
on  the  Towns  Land  at  the  Easterly  End  of  said  Chappel,  was  Read,  and 
thereupon.  It  was  Voted,  That  Thomas  Hubbard,  Esqr-,  Henry  Atkins, 
Esq',  A'P-  James  Pitts,  M'-  Stephen  Greenleaf,  and  M'-  Jacob  Parker,  be 
a  Committee  to  View  the  place  where  it  is  propos'd  said  Pillars  shall  be 
Erected,  and  whether  said  Pillars  will  incommode  or  Obstruct  a  con- 
venient Entrance  into  any  of  the  Tombs  near  there,  and  make  Report 
at  the  Adjournment  of  this  Meeting." 

The  Committee  reported  on  May  28,  "that  they  had  Attended  that 
Service,  and  find  that  the  three  Pillars  Petitioned  for  may  be  so  placed 
as  not  to  Incommode  any  Person,  and  that  the  Proprietors  of  the  Tombs, 
and  the  Relatives  of  those  buryed  thereabouts,  are  consenting  to  the 
same ;  also  Report,  as  their  Opinion,  that  the  Prayer  of  said  Petition  be 
granted,  and  that  the  Petitioners  have  Liberty  to  Erect  said  three  Pillars, 
provided  they  set  them  in  the  places  propos'd  by  the  Committee,  the 
Southermost  of  Which  to  be  at  least  Six  feet  from  the  first  step  leading 
down  into  M'-  Fairfield's  Tomb,  and  the  whole  three  not  exceeding  Ten 
feet  from  the  Body  of  the  Church  ;  and  that  when  they  proceed  to  build 
them,  that  they  notify  the  Proprietors  of  the  Tombs,  and  the  Persons 
who  have  their  Relations  buryed  thereabouts  to  be  present,  which  the 
Committee  apprehend  will  be  a  proper  Expedient  to  maintain  Peace  and 
give  Satisfaction  ;  provided  also  that  if,  in  breaking  up  the  Ground,  they 
find  the  Bones  of  any  Deceased  Persons,  they  put  them  into  a  Distinct 
Box,  and  bury  them  in  some  other  place  ;  provided  also  that  the  Land 
included  between  the  Church  and  the  three  proposed  Pillars  shall  not 
be  Inclosed.  Which  Report  being  Read,  after  some  Debate  thereon, 
Voted,  That  said  Report  be  and  hereby  is  Accepted,  and  that  the  Pe- 
titioners have  Liberty  to  Erect  said  three  Pillars,  in  the  manner  and 
on  such  Terms  as  are  mentioned  in  said  Report." 

31^'  October,  1753.  Voted,  That  a  Guinea  Each  be  given  to  Jeremiah 
Gridley  and  James  Otis,  Esq"-,  as  a  Retaining  fee  for  Defence  of  the 
Church^  Right  to  the  Lands  at  Taunton,  left  to  the  Chappel  by  M'- 
Thom""-  Coram,  in  Case  a  Suit  Should  Commence  on  s''  Acco'- ;  And  that 
Eliakim  Hutchinson  take  the  Conduct  of  said  Affair  in  behalfe  and  for  the 
Benefite  of  the  Church. 

Voted,  Unanimously,  That  for  Want  of  a  proper  place  to  Assemble  in, 
The  Occasionall  days.  Viz.,  Thanksgiveing,  The  fifth  of  November,  and 
Thirtieth  of  January,  be  Omitted  untill  the  Chappel  be  Rebuilt. 

1  Bo  ton  To-wn  Records,  1742-1757  ;  pp.  237,  242. 


112  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Voted,  That  Docf  John  Gibbins  and  Doctr  Silvester  Gardiner  make 
Enquirey  whether  Docf  Sewalls  Meeting  house  can  be  Obtaine''  for  the 
Chappel  Congregation  to  Assemble  in  on  Christmass  Day ;  and  if  to  be 
don,  the  Church  Wardens  to  make  Proper  Application  for  Liberty  of  the 
Same. 

Voted,  Unanimously,  That  the  Vote  of  the  Vestry  the  31!!  October,. 
Relateing  to  Meeting  at  D'-  SevvalP  on  Christmass  day,  be  Continued,  and 
that  the  Church  Ward"'  write  to  the  Gentlemen  proprietors  of  said  Meet- 
ing house  for  Liberty  of  the  same,  which  was  don  Accoringly,  and  the 
letf  deliv''  to  Thomas  Hubbard,  Esq^. 

5'"  December,  1753. 

To  the  HonU.  Ezekiel  Lewis,  Esq''.,  and  the  Geritlemen  Seaters  of  the 
South  Brick  Church  in  Boston  : 

Sirs,  —  By  a  Vote  of  the  Vestry  of  Kings  Chappel,  we  are  desired 

to  Ask  the  favour  of  the  use  of  your  Church  for  our  Congregation  to 

Assemble  in  for  Divine  Service,  on  Tuseday,  the   25'!'  of  this  Instant 

December,  being  Christmass  Day. 

Your    Compliance  with   which    Request   will    greatly  Obledge    the 

Membe"  of  s?  Coiiiunity,  as  also 

Gentlemen, 

Yo:  Mo'  humb  Serv'I, 

John  Box,         )  ^^^     , 
T  XT  \  Wardens. 

Jambes  Forbes,  ) 

Boston,  Decemb":  6'^  1753. 

To  the  above  letter  We  Receiv^  on  the  14""  a  Verbal  Answr,  that  our 
Request  was  Granted,  and  their  Church  was  at  our  Service  for  the  time 
desired ;  only  they  Expected  that  wee  would  not  decorate  it  with 
Spruce,  etc. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Vestry  of  Kings  Chappel,  at  y-  Rev!^  W.  Caners, 
on  Saturday,  March  31,  1753, 

Voted,  That  y^.  Rev^  M"'  Caner,  w"'  the  Church  Wardens,  Write  a  Let- 
ter to  Mr  Crosswel,  desireing  the  libberty  of  that  Meeting  house  for  Our 
Congregation  on  festival  and  prayer  Days  and  other  Occassions  for  per- 
forming Divine  Servis. 

Coppy  of  a  letter  from  the  Rever:'  Mr  Andrew  Croswell,  in  Answr  to  one 
\vrote  him  the  3o'^  March,  1753,  by  the  Minister  and  Church  Wardens 
of  Kings  Chapel,  desireing  the  Liberty  of  his  Meeting  on  prayer  days,  etc., 
Omitted  to  be  Recorded  in  its  proper  place  :  — 

Boston,  March  30!^,  1753. 
Revei^  Sir,  —  I  am  desired  by  the  Proprietors  of  our  Meeting  house 
to  lett  you  know.  That  We  Grant  your  Request  of  Liberty  to  Assemble 
in  it  on  Wednesdays,  Fridays,  and  other  Week  days,  for  publick  prayers. 


THE   NEW   CHURCH.  II3 

This  wee  looke  on  to  be  only  doeing  as  wee  would  be  don  by,  —  a 
thing  highly  agreeable  to  Christianity  and  Humnnity. 

And  therefore,  for  my  Selfe  and  them,  I  bid  you  heartily  Wclconi 
to  it.  I  am.  Sir, 

Your  and  the  other  Gent'""^  hum^  Serv!, 

Andrew  Crosswell. 

For  The  Revi  Henry  Caner,  Q.D.C. 

The  use,  even  under  such  circumstances,  of  "  a  Dissenting 
meeting-house "  did  not  meet  with  favor  from  the  "  King's 
Lecturer." 

Mr.  Brockwell  wrote  to  the  Bishop  of  London :  ^  — 

Boston,  May  •^1,  1753. 
My  Lord,  —  Last  Monday  the  old  Chapel  was  begun  to  be  taken 
down  ;  and  until  it  is  rebuilt  the  Church  have  requested  leave  of  Trinity 
Church  to  assemble  there,  only  exchanging  the  accustomed  hours,  —  we 
to  begin  at  9  and  end  at  1 1,  then  they  to  begin.  So  in  the  afternoon  we 
are  to  begin  at  2  and  end  at  4,  and  then  their  Service  commences.  They 
have  prayers  on  the  festivals  only  in  the  Morning,  on  Wednesdays  and 
Fridays  in  Lent  in  the  afternoon.  We  read  prayers  on  the  Festivals  and 
on  Wednesdays  and  Fridays  throughout  tlie  year,  so  that  our  Service 
interferes  not  with  theirs,  unless  upon  the  Festivals ;  and  God  knows, 
when  both  congregations  meet  on  those  occasions  the  church  is  far 
from  being  crowded,  notwithstanding  that  some  Ladoicean  wrongheads, 
unknown  to  the  principal  gentlemen  of  the  Vestry,  requested  of  one 
Croswell,  an  enthusiastic  independent,  house  to  assemble  in  for  the  per- 
formance of  the  week-day  service.  On  Sundays  it  could  not  contain  us. 
Any  more  than  these  principal  gentlemen,  tho'  I  was  to  share  in  the 
duty,  neither  was  I  consulted  ;  but  the  Sunday  following,  notice  was 
given  in  the  old  Church  that,  for  the  future,  Service  was  to  be  performed 
on  Sundays  at  Trinity  Church,  and  on  the  week  days  at  the  French 
Church  (so  termed  because  it  had  been  so  until  sold  to  the  New  Light 
Congregation),  I  the  next  day  declared  my  dissent  to  so  strange  a  pro- 
ceeding, and  assured  them  that  as  long  as  I  could  worship  at  Jerusalem 
I  would  not  go  to  Mount  Gerizim,  nor,  tho'  importuned  and  threat- 
ened, have  I,  nor  will  I  comply  so  long  as  this  and  Trinity  Church 
doors  are  open.  About  passion  week,  the  other  Minister,  Mf  Caner 
(who  complaisantly  told  them  he  would  go  where  they  pleased),  sick- 
ened, so  that  the  whole  duty  has  ever  since  devolved  upon  me ;  and,  as 
I  would  not  read  the  Service  in  the  New  Light  Meeting  house,  those  who 
attend  the  festival  and  weekly  Service  have  assembled  at  Trinity  Church  ; 
and  I  believe  on  my  resolute  behaviour  the  vote  for  the  meeting  will  be 
cancelled,  and,  churchmenlike,  we  shall,  for  the  future,  assemble  at  Trin- 
ity Church,— Tho',  at  the  same  time,  I  am  traduced  behind  my  back  as 

1  Church  Docs.  Mass.,  p.  447. 
VOL.  ir.  —  8 


114 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


a  cross  old  fellow  that  wont  do  my  duty,  before  my  face  as  an  odd  one, 
and  threatened  to  be  complained  against.  My  Lord,  I  can  appeal  to 
your  Lordship  that  my  behaviour  in  College  in  regard  to  the  Church  was 
ever  steady  and  uniform.  I  never  in  myself  was  in  a  Meeting  house ; 
my  conscience  tells  me  that  to  perform  any  part  of  Divine  Service  there, 
when  here  are  two  Episcopal  Churches  in  the  Town  (to  which  we  are 
welcomd),  is  sin,  and  whether  it  be  really  so  or  not,  yet,  if  I  think  it 
so,  St.  Paul  says,  tis  so  in  me.  .  .  . 

However  sincere  Mr.  BrockweU's  conscience  was,  it  was  cer- 
tainly an  ungracious  return  for  the  hospitable  good-will  of  the 
neighboring  congregations;  and  although  not  shared  by  Mr. 
Caner  and  the  bulk  of  his  congregation,  it  made  an  unfortunate 
impression  on  the  community. 

The  Rev,  Thomas  Prince  wrote  to  Dr.  Avery:  ^  — 

"Boston,  N.  E.,  31  DecT.,  1753.  When,  two  or  three  years  ago,  the 
people  of  their  Chappel  again  wanted  to  rebuild  and  enlarge  their  s? 
Chappel  in  a  grand  manner,  all  of  hewn  stone,  at  their  desire,  our 
people,  at  a  Publick  Town  Meeting  warn'd  on  purpose,  gave  them  even 
sev!.  Graves  of  their  sleeping  friends  to  make  room  for  the  sf  enlarge- 
ment. .  .  . 

"  And  no  longer  than  last  Tuesday,  Dec":  25*,  while  their  s'l  Chappel  is 
a  building,  and  tho'  they  now  have  two  other  Commodious  Churches  in  the 
Town,  yet  desiring  the  use  of  our  own  large  South  Brick  Church,  of  near 
a  one  hundred  feet  long  and  near  twenty  feet  broad,  on  that  day  to  keep 
their  Christmas,  as  being  more  spacious  and  commodious,  our  Congre- 
gation almost  universally  and  freely  let  them  use  it.  And  one  of  our 
Churches  nearest  the  Chappel  has  been  all  last  Summer  and  Fall  and 
this  winter  freely  open  on  every  Wed'y  and  Friday  for  their  reading 
Prayers  :  Tho:  M'  Brockwell,  one  of  their  Clergymen,  will  not  put  his 
head  into  it,  tho'  with  his  own  People  and  Colleague,  because  uncon- 
secrated." 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  a  letter  to  the  Minister  and  War- 
dens of  Trinity  Church,  thanking  them  and  the  congregation 
for  their  favors  :  — 

Boston,  August  I6'^,  1754. 

Sirs,  —  Haveing  agreed  to  open  Kings  Chapel  on  Wednesday  next, 

and  thenceforward  to  have  Divine  Service  Continued  there.  We  have 

thought  proper  to  give  you  this  Early  nottice  of  our  design  ;  and  Espe- 

cialy  wee  are  desireous  of  Expressing  our  thanks  for  Indulgeing  us  the 

1  Church  Docs.  Mass.,  p.  449.  Mr.  Library,"  was  the  leading  antiquary  and 
Prince,  the  pastor  of  the  "  Old  South  one  of  the  most  respected  ministers  of 
Church  "  and  collector  of  the  "  Prince     New  England. 


THE   NEW   CHURCH.  II5 

use  of  your  Church  whilest  ours  has  been  Rebuilding,  and  to  Assure  you 
that  We  shall  be  Ready  to  testifie  our  gratitude  for  this  favour  by  any 
Services  in  our  power,  if  the  Circumstances  of  your  Church  should  call 
for  our  Assistance. 

You  will  be  pleased  to  give  Order  that  our  Workmen  be  allow'd  to 
take  down  the  Clock  and  Bell,  which  wee  Shall  have  Occasion  for  at  the 
Chapel. 

We  are,  with  proper  Respect, 

Gentlemen, 
Your  most  obed'  and  mo'  hbl  Serv'.', 

Henry  Caner, 
James  Forbes, 

To  The  Rev^  MK  William  Hooper,  Minist,  JOHN  BoX. 

Joseph  Dozose,  Esq';,  and  MK  Ritfus 
Greene,  Wardens  of  Trinity  Church. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  a  letter  of  thanks  to  Mr.  Cross- 
well  and  his  congregation  :  — 

Rever^,  Sir,  —  As  the  Comitee  for  Rebuilding  our  Church  have  made 
Report  that  the  Congregation  may  henceforward  meet  in  it  for  Divine 
Worship,  We  Could  not  Resign  the  Liberty  allow?  us  by  the  proprietors 
of  your  Meeting  without  giveing  you  and  them  this  Testimony  of  our 
gratitude  and  thanks  for  your  favours,  which  we  pray  You  to  accept ; 
and  believe  that  we  are  for  our  Selves  and  in  behalfe  of  the  Vestry  of  our 
Church,  Rever'^  Sir, 

Yours  and  the  Proprietors 

Oblidg'l  and  mo'  huml.  Serv", 

Henry  Caner, 
James  Forbes, 

To  The  Rev^.  Ml  Andrew  Croswell.  JOHN  Box. 

Boston,  Aiigt.  16'/',  1754. 

At  last  the  new  home  was  ready  to  shelter  the  worshipping 
congregation.  They  entered  it,  though  with  chastened  hopes, 
on  Aug.  21,  1754. 

"Boston,  Aug.  26.  Wednesday  last,  King's  Chapel  in  this  Town, 
which  for  some  Time  past  has  been  rebuilding,  was  open'd  for  Divine 
Service,  when  a  Sermon,  very  suitable  to  the  Occasion,  was  preached  by 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Caner,  to  a  numerous  Auditory,  from  those  Words  in  Lev. 
xix.  30  :  Ye  shall  keep  my  Sabbaths,  and  reverence  my  Sanctuary. 
.  .  .  After  which,  their  was  a  Collection  towards  finishing  the  remaining 
Work  of  the  said  Chapel."  ^ 

1  "  The  Halifax  Gazette,"  Sept.  28,  as  far  as  the  gallery  windows.  A  piece 
1754.  A  sad  accident  had  happened  of  stone,  while  he  was  at  work  in  the 
during  the  work.    "William  Bell  built     Chapel,  struck  him  in  the  eye  ;  inflamma- 


ii6 


ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


On  Wednesday,  the  21'^^  August,  1754,  Opened  the  New  Chapel  with 
prayers  and  a  Sermon,  after  which  ^342  —  Old  Tenor  was  Collected  to- 
wards finishing  said  Chapel,  and  paid  by  the  Church  Wardens  to  Charles 
Apthorp,  Esq',  Treasurer  to  the  Comittee. 

21  August,  1754.  Voted,  That  hereafter  the  Charge  of  Bread  and 
Wine  at  the  Sacrament  be  deducted  out  of  the  Offeratory  Mony,  and  to 
begin  next  Sacram'  day. 

Voted,  That  no  Negro's  be  admitted  to  Sitt  or  Stand  in  any  of  the  Isles 
dureing  the  time  of  Divine  Service,  but  that  the  Sexton  be  directed  to 
order  them  up  into  the  Gallery. 

But  though  the  church  was  in  a  fit  state  for  the  services  of 
the  sanctuary,  it  was  yet  far  from  being  completed.  As  the 
Society  obtained  means,  they  went  on  with  the  work  of  finish- 
ing and  beautifying  it;  and  up  to  the  month  of  June,  1758,  it 
had  cost  ^^"7,405  sterling.^  ^^1028  35".  3c/.  were  obtained  by  the 
sale  of  eighty  pews,  at  prices  varying  from  ^16  to  ;^8. 

The  Records  proceed : 


tion  set  in,  and  three  days  afterward  he 
died.  He  was  buried  under  the  Chapel. 
After  the  tomb  was  built  they  pronounced 
it  fit  for  use ;  but  while  they  were  remov- 
ing his  remains  to  the  tomb,  the  roof  fell 
in,  the  men  narrowly  escaping  with  their 
lives.  His  body  was  then  placed  in  a 
grave  until  the  tomb  could  be  rebuilt." 
—  Bridgman,    King's    Chapel  Epitaphs, 

P-  273- 

1  The  impress  of  this  period,  which 
King's  Chapel  has  preserved  unchanged, 
is  also  retained  by  Trinity  Church,  New- 
port, which  has  the  reading  desk  and 
clerk's  desk,  the  crown  on  vane,  the 
crown  and  mitres  on  its  organ  (the  gift 
of  Bishop  Berkeley).  The  staves  at  war- 
dens' pews  are  still  continued  there  as 
an  official  badge. 

It  may  be  noted  here  that  "  The  Di- 
mensions of  King's  Chapel  are  : 
"  Width  of  Tower    ...     25  feet. 
Depth       do.  .     .     .     22.  6 

end  from  Tower  to  Side  20.  6 
length  of  S°  Side  .  .  .  90.  4 
from  D°  to  Chancel  .  .  18.  o 
Chancel  round  ....  42.  6 
projection  of  Chancel     .       9  ft.  6  in." 

"The  early  architecture  of  Boston 
was  of  two  types,  and  it  is  illustrated  by 
two  buildings,  —  King's  Chapel  and  the 
Old  South.     The  former  is  of  the  school 


that  adhered  to  the  Greek  temple,  adapt- 
ing it  to  every  possible  use  ;  the  latter 
is  known  as  the  New  England  meeting- 
house style,  which  means  the  absence  of 
architectural  rules,  proportions,  and  de- 
tails that,  in  the  eyes  of  the  Puritans, 
■^ere  associated  with  the  house  of  Baal, 
The  two  schools  were  formerly  pretty 
evenly  divided;  but  the  advocates  of  a 
more  ornate  style  than  that  of  the  meet- 
ing-house ingrafted  no  new  ideas  on  the 
old  stock,  nor  did  they  do  anything  to 
advance  architecture.  With  them,  it 
mattered  not  to  what  use  a  building  was 
to  be  put,  classic  it  must  be,  either 
Doric  or  Ionic ;  for  they  seldom  re- 
sorted to  the  floriated  Corinthian.  They 
did  not  appear  to  have  a  thought  or  an 
idea  that  men  could  depart  from  this 
school ;  and  so  late  as  fifty  years  ago, 
the  sum  and  substance  of  an  architect's 
training  was  to  master  the  five  orders 
and  adapt  them  to  modern  wants.  Bos- 
ton was  wedded  to  this  'notion,'  and  one 
of  the  leading  architects  of  the  past 
generation.  Captain  Parris,  has  left  evi- 
dence of  his  devotion  to  it  in  all  parts 
of  the  citv."  —  Americatt  Architect  and 
Building  News,  June  16,  1877,  p.  188. 

To  Captain  Parris  Boston  owes  St. 
Paul's  Church,  the  Massachusetts  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  the  Court  House,  Quincy 
Market,  and  many  private  houses. 


^ttkmS  fliall  come.  Know  ye.  That  Ch.rh,  ^pthrp,  Cecrg.  CraJcck, 
Eliakim  HKtchmltn,  Elqrs.  Dodor  'John  Gtihixs,  Do(3or  Silvefier  GardiMS°,  and  Mr. 
Ihimas  fJaaJen,  a  Committee  chofen  by  the  late  Proprictois  of  the  Pews  of  fc?'j 
Chapel  Chuich,  foi  Rebuilding  laid  Church,  for  and  in  Confidtranon  of  the  Sam  of 
^/■x^^Uy^^ja:^.-    ~      ^       -  -  .  .       <o  us  in  Hand  paid 

Dy^4r-.^^^      -         -         -        -     the  Receipt  whereof 

we  do  ^rcby^cki|9^vledge,  HAVE  adigncd,  and  by  thefc  Prefents  do  aflign  to  the 
faid^W^-^y  -  -  .  -  -  ■  a  Pew  in  laid  Church,  No.  <0  _  to  have, 
hold  attd,<rnjoy^e&mc,  toh^^i^^nd  his  Heits,  upon  the  Conditions  fofiowing,  vii. 
That  he  the  laid  (Yp^n^  J^^^,J ^  -  ;  ■  -  -  and  his  Heirs  fhal)  weU  and  truly 
pay,  or  caufe  to  be  pjid,  fo  j^g  as  he  or  they  ftall  poffefs  the  faid  Pew,  the  Sum 
rilS/u^//u//^/;/^  ^  -  _  ^  -  on  every  Sunday,  and  whatever  elfe  ftall 
be  further  a^defjed  on  liid  Pew,  for  the  Support  of  the  faid  Church  yearly,  by  the 
Majority  of  the  Proprietors  of  the  Pew^diac  (haU  bi^rcicnt  at  any  Eafler  Meeting 
of  the  faid  Proprietors:  But  if  the  faid  l-i'o'Tirrz/ -J/'^y Jl ^  ^  .  -  -  or  his  Heirs 
MgJ^a  to  pay  to  the  Church-Warderjs  fo^:  tUe  Titn/being,  the  (aid  Sum  of  S^fL^J 
^/^Z^/  on  every  Sunday.and  whatever  further  Sums  that  (haU  be  alTcfTcd  as  aforefaitJ, 
%  tbfee  Months  after  any  Eafler  Siinn'ny  fthe  fame  being  demanded  by  one  or  both  of 
the  Church-Wardens  for  the  Time  being)  then  it  fiiail  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  "aid 
Church. Wardens,  together  with  the  Veftry  of  thft  faid  Church  for  the  Time  being  to 
feD  the  faid  Pew  to  any  one  Perfon  upon  the  Conditions  fpecified  in  this  Inflrurnenr 
an^  deduaojjroT  the -Money  atifing  from  luch  Sale,  whatever  Arrearages  the  laid 
^^^^'^p^'fff'---f/-     -      »/  -fiis^eirs  fliall  be  in  to  faid  Church,  paying  the 

R^maJ^dert/thefa,d^^2^-^y. or  his  Heirs,  if  demanded  , 

and  alfo,  thtt  ,f  the  [f'd>«^-f^f^   -        -        —  or  his  Heirs  fhould  leave 

faid  Church,  he  Ihall  firft  o'Sti  i^%AA  Pew  to  tJre\Church-Watdens  for  the  Time 

being,  for  the  aforelaid  Sum  olU/:a:/£&nJ/^/nfyrjiy^'-  .^     ^ 

which  if  they  for  the  Space  of  Thirty  Day/refufe  to  pay,  aftM  d"eduaiiiE-ali  A'rrears 

that  fliall  then  be  due,  ,t  Ihall  then  be  lawful  for  the  faid )^^ ^/y J^,°y 

or  his  Heirs,  to  feU  the  faid  Few  to  any  one  Perfon  only,  .upoa^TfS^  Conditions 

Bs^&'cojitained  in  this  Innrument,  and  upon  no  other.     BiiUf  the  (aid  0^yr~,ii^ 

'^'^f^lr    7  ■  „'"'  ^'^  """'  "P°"  '''*  °'  '^''=''  '='^''"g  '^=  fa'd  Church,  fhouklnee- 

lea*1o  offer  faid  Pew  as  aforefaid,  then  he  or  they  iliall  forfeit  the  fama  to  the  Church- 

gardens  and  Vettry  for  the  Time   being,   for  the   Ufe  of  the  Proprietors  of  faid 

Churc^  In  Witness   whereof  wc   have  hereunto  fee  our  Hands   and   Seals,  this 

-;  /%<:>7<^^.?V$©  Day  of  J+fe^^^^y/-     in  the  Year  of  our  Lord,  i7sv\     ~" 

Qyh0z^y/'.?'z<^^y^/j^  /  '^V     ^  //  //  y  L 


jThe  above-named    'yfe^.TZ/ 


/ 


^Mi£t^ 


V 

he  or  h,3  Heirs  negled. performing  all  orfny  of  them,  that  upon  luch  Neg!e<a,  it  (hall 

^keThe  fS  p  1  ^''"7'-r;''"^='".''  ^l"'y  '^f  *■»'''  CHurch  for  the  Time  b  ing,  o 
!^LJ  f  T  K  P«^='5='f°'f="*'  |"d  r«=n  the  fame  as  above-mentioned.  I„  WifneO 
Whereof  I  have  hereunto  fee  my  Hand,  the  Day  and  Year  above-mentioned. 

Witntfs 


/• 


-*«* 


■—II  -.l^fc■ 


DEED   OF   PEW   NO.   3  TO   HENRY   LLOYD.     1754. 


THE    NEW   CHURCH.  II7 

At  the  Aniversary  Meeting  of  the  proprietors  of  Kings  Chapel,  Held 
there  on  Easter  Monday,  the  30'!'  March,  1755,  at  Eleven  aClock  in  the 
forenoon,  there  being  Thirteen  proprietors  present,  — 

Voted,  by  Written  Votes,  .  .  .  That  the  Number  of  Vestrymen  for  the 
Ensueing  Year  be  Eighteen,  —  Seven  of  whom  to  be  a  Quorum. 

Voted,  That  Ichabod  Willaston  be  continued  Sexton,  with  4/  p  Weeke 
Sallary,  or  ^10.  8.  Lawfull  Mony  p  Ann. 

Voted,  That  John  Johnston  be  Continued  to  Sing,  and  be  paid  20/  Old 
Tenor  p  Week,  as  long  as  the  Minister  and  Church  Wardens  find  it 
Necessary. 

Voted,  That  The  Thanks  of  the  Congregation  be  given  to  M'  John 
Box,  for  his  Long  and  good  Service  as  Warden  of  this  Church. 

May  27,  1754.  At  a  Vestry.  Eliakim  Hutchinson,  Esq.,  reported, 
that  agreeable  to  a  Vote  of  the  Vestry  the  31st  October,  1753,  he  had 
settled  the  Affair  of  the  Land  at  Taunton  left  to  the  Chapel  by  Mr  Thomas 
Coram,  with  Mr  Stephen  Burt,  the  present  Possessor,  and  the  said  Burt 
would  pay  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Vestry  one  hundred  Pounds  Lawfull 
Money  within  twelve  Months  from  the  25th  of  this  instant,  upon  their 
suffering  a  Recovery  against  them  at  the  next  Inferior  Court  at  Taunton, 
in  the  County  of  Bristol,  and  giving  a  Quitt  Claim  to  said  Land.  —  Voted, 
that  Eliakim  Hutchinson  be  impowered  to  proceed  in  the  above  Affair 
according  to  the  Agreement  made  with  Mr  Burt,  and  that  the  hundred 
Pounds  Lawful  money  when  received  shall  be  applyed  towards  the  build- 
ing of  the  new  Chapel. 

The  property  which  had  been  secured  at  the  cost  of  so  much 
anxiety  the  Church  took  special  pains  to  guard.  The  deed  of 
every  pew  contained  careful  provisions,  as  that  of  No.  3,  sold 
to  Henry  Lloyd,  Aug.  15,  1754,  for  £,\6,  on  the  following  con- 
ditions,—  that  he  and  his  heirs  should  pay  every  Sunday  \s., 
and  any  further  assessments  laid  at  the  Easter  Meeting  on  the 
pew,  for  the  support  of  the  Church. 

But  if  the  said  Henry  Lloyd  or  his  Heirs  neglect  to  pay  to  the 
Church- Wardens,  for  the  Time  being,  the  said  Sum  of  \s  on  every  Sun- 
day, and  whatever  further  Sums  that  shall  be  assessed  as  aforesaid,  for 
three  Months  after  any  Easter  Sunday  (the  same  being  demanded  by  one 
or  both  of  the  Church- Wardens  for  the  Time  being),  then  it  shall  and 
may  be  lawful  for  the  said  Church-Wardens,  together  with  the  Vestry  of 
the  said  Church  for  the  Time  being,  to  sell  the  said  Pew  to  any  one  Per- 
son upon  the  Conditions  specified  in  this  Instrument,  and  deduct  out  of 
the  Money  arising  from  such  Sale,  whatever  Arrearages  the  said  Henry 
Lloyd  or  his  Heirs  shall  be  in  to  said  Church,  paying  the  Remainder  to 
the  said  Henry  Lloyd  or  his  Heirs,  if  demanded  ;  and  also,  that  if  the 
said  Henry  Lloyd  or  his  Heirs  should  leave  said  Church,  he  shall  first 
offer  the  said  Pew  to  the  Church-Wardens  for  the  Time  being,  for  the 


Il8  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

aforesaid  Sum  of  ;^i6,  which,  if  they  for  the  Space  of  Thirty  Days  refuse 
to  pay,  after  deducting  all  arrears  that  shall  then  be  due,  it  shall  then  be 
lawful  for  the  said  Henry  Lloyd  or  his  Heirs  to  sell  the  said  Pew  to  any 
one  Person  only,  upon  the  same  Conditions  as  are  contained  in  this  In- 
strument, and  upon  no  other.  But  if  the  said  Henry  Lloyd  or  his  Heirs, 
upon  his  or  their  leaving  the  said  Church,  should  neglect  to  offer  said 
Pew  as  aforesaid,  then  he  or  they  shall  forfeit  the  same  to  the  Church 
Wardens  and  Vestry  for  the  Time  being,  for  the  Use  of  the  Proprietors 
of  said  Church. 

The  names  should  be  recorded  here  of  those  persons  to 
whose  love  of  their  Church  and  public  spirit  was  due  the  erec- 
tion of  what  was  then  probably  the  noblest  house  of  worship 
on  this  continent,  a  church  which  remains  a  model  and  mas- 
terpiece of  architectural  simplicity,  harmony,  and  beauty,  ac- 
cording to  the  best  examples  of  the  Georgian  period.  The 
subscription,  begun  Sept.  30,  1747,  is  as  follows:  — 

I.   List  of  Subscribers  for  Rebuilding  Kiftg's  Chapel} 

W  Shidey  ^  .     .     .     . ;^200  Sterling. 

Jos  :  Whipple 500  O.  Tenor. 

Tho?  Lechmere  ^ 30  Sterling. 

H  :  Frankland  •* 150  Ster?. 

James  Smith  ^ 30  Sterling. 

Eliakim  Hutchinson  ^ 40  Sterling. 

Cha.  Apthorp  ^ 1000  Old  Tenor. 

James  Gordon  ^ 200  Old  Tenour. 

Silv.  Gardiner  ^ 30  Sterling. 

John  Box  2 200  Old  Tenr, 

James  Forbes  ^ 200  old  Tenn 

Francis  Brinley  ^ 50  Sterl. 

W"  Lambert .'    .     .     .  100  old  Tenor. 

Thomas  Hawding  ^ 400  old  Tenor. 

John  Gibbins  ^"^ 300  old  Tenor. 

Jona  Pue 100  old  Tenor. 

Edw?Tyng2 250  old  Tenor. 

Jn°  Cutler " 200  old  Tenor. 

Joanna  Brooker  - 100  Old  Tenor. 

Sam  Wentworth '^ 250  Old  Tenor. 

ChasPaxton^ 50  Sterling. 

Chas  Knowles  ^^ 100  Sterling. 

William  Vassall  ^^ 40  Sterling. 

Half  to  be  p?  when  begun. 

Mary  Jackson 100  Old  Tenor. 

Barlow  Trecothick  " 300  Old  Ten^. 


THE   NEW   CHURCH.  II9 

John  Salmon ;^  100  Old  Tenor. 

Thomas  Inches^" 100  Old  Tenour. 

George  Cradock  ^®     , 200  Old  tennor. 

Powers  Mariott " 200  old  Tenor. 

John  Greaton^® 100  Old  tenner. 

John  Leddel 150  old  Tennor. 

Estes  Hatch  ^ 100  old  Tennor. 

Henry  Liddel 100  old  Tenor. 

Tho''  Pearson  ^^ 50 

Jonas  Lenard 50  old  Tenr. 

Martin  Brimmer  ^° 50  old  Tenor. 

James  Jarvis 50  old  Tenour. 

Henrietta  Maria  Caine 70  old  Tenour. 

Henry  Vassall  ^^ 40  Sterl?. 

One  half  to  be  paid  when  begun. 

Joseph  Royall 10  Sterhng. 

Ambrose  Vincent '^^ 50  Old  Tenor. 

Henry  Lloyd  " 200  old  Tenr. 

Shrimpton  Hutchinson  '^ 200 

John  Wheatley 100  ould  Ten'. 

2-  Feb?',  1747.    I  promise  to  pay  ^200  old  Ten::  on 
Dem\',  for  rebuilding  y"  King's  Chappie. 

Rob'  Auchmuty.^ 

Silvester  Gardiner,  for  a  friend,  p.  order     ....  200  Old  Tenour. 

Sarah  Trecothick -* 50  old  Tennor. 

William  Hall 40  old  tenor. 

Peter  Roe 50  old  tenor. 

Gilbert  Deblois  ^ 100 

Lewis  Deblois- 100 

Tho^  Hase 50  old  Tenour, 

Tho'  Bennett 50  Old  Tenour. 

Alice  Quick  2 100  Old  Tenor. 

Tim°  Winship 30  Old  Tenor. 

Gilbert  Warner 100  Old  Tenor. 

Anth°  Davis 150  old  Tenr. 

James  Hill 50  old  Tenour. 

Jane  Wendell 40  old  tenour. 

Geo  :  Arthur 70  old  Tenor. 

Henry  Barnes  ^^ 100  old  tenour. 

William  Tailer  2^ 100  old  tenour. 

Tho?  Langford 20  Old  Tenor. 

Cha.  Apthorp,  for  a  Friend,  p  Order 500  Old  Tenor. 

Thomas  Cole 50 

Wl!l  Speakman  2^ 150  old  Tenour. 

John  Deacon 50  ol''  Ten'. 

W"  Bonen 50  old  tennor. 


I20  ANNALS   OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

George  Featherstone ;^25  old  tenor. 

Samuel  Wethered -* loo  old  Tenor. 

Isaac  Royair-^ 150  old  Tenor. 

Isaac  Royall 50  more  old  Tenor. 

Sarah  McNeal  ^^ 50  ould  tenor. 

Andrew  Johonnot  ^° 50  old  Tenor. 

Edward  Ellis  ^^ 15  Sterling. 

Henry  Johnson 10  Sterling. 

Abigail  Hally burton 100  old  Tenor. 

Thomas  Keighley 50  old  Tenor. 

John  Williams  ^- 50  old  Tenor. 

William  Read  ■■^ 100  old  tenor. 

Isaac  Doubt 50  old  Tenor. 

Thomas  White '^^ 25 

Joseph  Halsey 50  old  Tenour. 

Henry  Caner,  for  a  Friend 100  old  Tenor. 

Albert  Dennie 100  old  Tenor, 

or  ;^io  Sterling,  in  part  of  a  Pew  below  Stares. 

Sam'  Butler 50  old  Tenor. 

Samuel  Leavens 100  old  Tenor. 

John  Mascarene,^*  for  his  father,  to  be  paid  out  of 
his  Bill  of  Exchange  for  ^300,  forwarded  to  Lon- 
don Sometime  since ^o  Sterling. 

John  Mascarene 10  Sterling. 

Silvester  Gardiner,  for  a  friend 100  old  Tenour. 

William  Price  '^^ 200  old  tenor. 

Jonathan  Prescott  =*" 100  Old  Tenour. 

Mr  Harvey 40  Old  Tenor. 

W"  Eppes 50  old  Tenour. 

Alex'  Stevenson 50  old  Tennor. 

Edw?  Winslow  ^^ 100  old  Tenour. 

John  Barren 100  Old  Ten^ 

Isaac  Freeman  ^^ 100 

John  Gould  3^ 50  ould  tenor. 

John  Baker 100  old  Tennor. 

Cord  Cordis 50  old  Tanuar. 

John  Rae 50  Old  Tenor. 

R.  Hesilrige  ^° 100  ster. 

Robert  Hewes 10  Sterling. 

FloVassall^^ 10  Guineas. 

James  Young 20  Guineas. 

Jn?  Carter  Allen 5  Guineas. 

Fran?  Upton 5  Guineas. 

Geo  :  Ruggles 200  Old  tennor. 

W™  French 15  Sterl?. 


THE    NEW   CHURCH. 


121 


^  See  p.  45,  ante.  In  these  notes 
(R.  B.)  precedes  extracts  from  the  Kuig's 
Chapel  Register  of  Burials. 

2  See  Chap.  XV. 

3  See  Vol.  I.  p.  350.  (R.  B.),  1765, 
June  3,  Thomas  Lechmere.  Late  Sur- 
veyor-General of  the  Customs,  82  years. 

*  See  Vol.  I.  p.  516,  and  p.  156,  post, 
5  (R.   B.),    1769,    August   7,    James 

Smith.     Sugar-Boiler,  81  years. 

'°  Warden,  1739-40,  1746-52.    (R.  B.), 

1763,  December  23,  Elizabeth  Gordon. 

Wife  of  James  Gordon,  63  years.     1770, 

May  24,  James  Gordon.     Merchant,  77 

years. 

7  Warden,  1753-55.  (I^-  B),  1766, 
August  13,  Sarah  Forbes.  Wife  of  Capt. 
James  Forbes,  54  Years.  1769,  Au- 
gust 8,  James  Forbes.  Shopkeeper,  70 
Years. 

8  Warden,  1723.      See  Vol.  I.  p.  24S. 

9  Warden,  1755.  (R.B.),  1756,  March 
27,  Thomas  Hawding.  Merchant,  58 
years.  The  "  Newsletter  "  of  March  25, 
1756,  notices  his  death  "  after  a  short  ill- 
ness," and  calls  him  "  ropemaker." 

10  (R.  B.),  1760,  June  26,  John  Gib- 
bins.     Apothecary,  72  years. 

11  See  Vol.  I.  p.  396.  (R.  B.),  1758, 
May  2,  Joanna.  Wife  of  Dr.  John  Cut- 
ler, 73  Years.  1761,  June  26,  John  Cut- 
ler.    Physician,  85  Years. 

1^  See  p.  39. 

13  Of  Cambridge.  See  p.  46.  (R.  B.), 
1760,  January  28,  Ann  Vassal.  Wife  of 
William  Vassal,  40  Years. 

1*  See  p.  69. 

1^  From  Dunkeld,  Scotland  ;  born 
May  31,  1726 ;  father  of  Henderson 
Inches. 

16  See  Vol.  I.  p.  249. 

"  (R.  B.),  1768,  October  8,  Powers 
Marriot.     Shopkeeper,  63  Years. 

•*^  Probably  father  of  the  clergyman  of 
Christ  Church  recorded  in  our  Register 
of  Marriages.  1761,  October  i,  the  Revd. 
James  Greaton  and  Mary  Wheelwright, 
both  of  Boston. 

19  (R.  B.),  1763,  February  22,  Thomas 
Pearson.     Baker,  63  Years. 

2^  Son  of  Herman  and  Anna  Elizabeth 
(Von  Spreckilson)  Brimmer  ;  born  in 
1697  at  Osten,  not  far  from  Hamburg, 
Germany;  married,  Oct.  24,  1726,  by 
Rev,  Andrew  Le  Mercier,  to  Susanna 
Sigourney.  He  had  a  son  Martin,  and 
daughters  Susanna  (married  Edward 
Sohier,  who  was  born  in  the  island  of 


Jersey)  and  Elizabeth  (married,  Dec.  26, 
1771,  Henderson  Inches,  who  was  born 
in  Scotland),  —  all  having  descendants. 
(R.  B.),  1760,  June  3,  Martin  Brimmer. 
Staymaker,  63  Years. 

21  Of  Cambridge.     See  p.  47. 

2^  Born  in  England.  (R.  B.),  1800, 
March  20,  Ambrose  Vincent,  87  yrs. 

2^  Warden,  1783-92.  (R.  B.),  1760, 
January  17,  Elizabeth,  Wife  of  Shrimp- 
ton  Hutchinson,  33  Years.  —  Died  at 
Brooklyn,  Conn.,  on  Saturday,  i6th  Nov., 
iSii,  Shrimpton  Hutchinson,  Esq.,  in 
the  ninety-third  year  of  his  age. 

21  Of  Lord  Mayor  Trecothick's  family. 

25  Probably  the  merchant  and  magis- 
trate of  Marlborough,  Mass.,  of  whom 
Sabine  gives  an  account ;  a  loyalist,  who 
took  refuge  in  Boston  in  1755,  went  to 
England,  was  proscribed  and  banished. 
He  died  in  London  in  1808,  aged  eighty- 
four. 

26  Of  Dorchester,  and  after  of  Boston, 
merchant.  His  wife's  name  was  Mary. 
An  agent  was  appointed  for  him,  an 
absentee,  Dec.  22,  1777.  His  estate  was 
administered  upon,  March  30,  17S1. 

2^  Warden,  1729-30.  Mr.  Spcakman 
was  a  baker.  He  was  the  first  warden 
of  Trinity  Church.     See  Vol.  I.  p.  483. 

2**  (R.  B.),  1758,  September  2,  Samuel 
Wethered.     Innkeeper,  58  Years. 

29  Perhaps  wife  of  Archibald  McNeil, 
addresser  of  Hutchinson  and  Gage,  pro- 
scribed and  banished  in  1778,  murdered 
by  Indians  on  his  way  to  join  his  family 
at  Quebec. 

'^^  Son  of  Daniel  and  Susan  Johonnot, 
born  June  21,  1705,  died  June  i,  1760. 
His  father  was  one  of  the  first  party  of 
Huguenots  that  arrived  in  Boston  in 
1686.  The  son  succeeded  him  as  a  dis- 
tiller in  Long  Lane  in  1748. 

31  A  letter  is  on  file  from  the  commit- 
tee to  Major  Ed.  Ellis,  in  London,  draw- 
ing on  him  for  his  subscription  of  ;i^io 
sterling.  "  You  will  excuse  the  Method 
we  have  pitch'd  upon  since  we  were  un- 
willing to  lose  so  good  an  Opportunity 
of  laying  in  Glass,  Nails,  and  the  like  at 
the  cheapest  Rate." 

32  Probably  the  "  Inspector  General  of 
Customs,  residing  near  the  Common, 
whose  windows  were  broken  by  the  mob 
when  Hancock's  sloop  was  seized  in 
1768,  and  of  whom  John  Adams  said, 
that  he  was  as  sly,  secret,  and  cunning  a 
fellow  as  need  be."  —  Sabine. 


122  ANNALS    OF   KING'S   CHAPEL. 


II.    Subscription  for  Finishing  the  Chuxh. 

octr  I3*=^  1752. 

Whereas,  the  Subscriptions  for  rebuilding  Kings  Chapel  in  Boston 
have  not  hitherto  been  sufficient  for  that  purpose,  And  we,  the  Sub- 
scribers to  this  Instrument,  being  informed  that  the  Sum  of  Two  Thou- 
sand one  Hundred  and  Thirty  three  Pounds  Six  shillings  and  Eight 
Pence,  lawful  money,  more  than  what  is  already  raised  or  subscribed,  is 
necessary  to  be  procured  for  said  use,  And  expecting  that  the  same  will 
hereafter,  by  new  Subscriptions  or  otherways,  be  raised.  And,  in  the 
mean  time,  Charles  Apthorpe,  and  George  Cradock,  and  Eliakim  Hutch- 
inson, Esq=,  Doctr  John  Gibbins,  Doct=  Silvester  Gardiner,  and  ML 
Thomas  Hawding  are,  at  our  request,  willing  to  borrow  said  sum,  and  to 
give  their  own  proper  security  for  the  same.  In  consideration  thereof, 
and  in  order  to  indemnity  the  said  Charles  Apthorpe,  George  Cradock, 
Eliakim  Hutchinson,  Thomas  Hawding,  John  Gibbins,  Silvester  Gardiner, 
Thomas  Hawding,  their  heirs  and  Administrators,  in  borrowing  the  sum 
aforesaid,  or  to  refund  them  any  loss  or  damage  they  may  thereby  be 
exposed  to.  We,  the  Subscribers,  hereto  do  severally  promise  that  we 
will  (in  case  of  any  such  loss  or  damage)  each  of  us  contribute  and  pay 
to  the  said  Charles  Apthorpe,  George  Cradock,  Eliakim  Hutchinson, 
Thomas  Hawding,  John  Gibbins,  Silvester  Gardiner,  and  Thomas  Hawd- 
ing, such  part  and  proportion  of  such  their  loss  and  damage  as  the 
several  respective  sums  by  us  severally  subscribed,  and  with  our  Names 
do  bear  to  the  general  Sums  which  they  shall  so  borrow  as  aforesaid. 

^  (R.  M.),  1750,  October  19,  Thomas  'Bethel,'  during  the  war  between  Eng- 

White  and  Mary  Jones.    Both  of  Boston,  land  and  France  and  Spain,  captured  a 

(R.  B.),   1762,  May  12,  Thomas  White,  hundred  and  sixty-one  chests  of  silver, 

Tallow-Chandler,  50  Years.  two  chests  of  gold,  etc." 

3*  Son  of  Gen.  Paul  Mascarene.     See  39  (]^_   y,.),    1772,    January   13,   John 

Vol.  I.  p.  232  ;  Vol.  II.  p.  51.  Gould.     Merchant,  72  Years.     "  Yestcr- 

35  Founder  of  the  "  Price  Lectures."  day   Morjiing,   at   King's   Chappel,   Mr. 

See  Chap.  xxiii.,/^j-A  p.  417.  JOHN  GOULD,  jun.,   of  this    Town, 

3"  Dr.  Jonathan  Prescott,  born   May  Merchant,  was  married  to  Miss  ELIZA- 

24,  1725,  married  (i)  Mary,  daughter  of  BETH   WENTWORTH,  an  agreeable 

Hon.    William   Vassall,  of   Cambridge,  young  Lady."  —  Boston  Gazette  and  Cozm- 

She  died  in  1757,  and  he  married,  Oct.  try  Journal,  April  10,  175S.     He  went  to 

II,  1759,   (2)  Ann  Blackden.     He  stud-  England,  and  was  a  loyalist  addresser  of 

ied    medicine,    and    was    surgeon    and  the  King  in  1779. 

captain   of    engineers   at    the    siege   of  *>  sji-  Robert  Haselrige,  who  was  in 

Louisburg,  after  which   he  retired  from  this   country   for   a   time,   and   married 

the   army  and  settled  in   Nova  Scotia,  Sarah,  daughter  of   Nathaniel   Waller, 

where  large  tracts  of  land  were  granted  of  Boston.     He  later  succeeded  to  the 

him.  baronetcy,  being  great-great-grandson  of 

37  Brother  of  Gen.  John  Winslow,  of  Sir  Arthur,  the  parliamentary  colonel 
Acadian  fame.  of  "The  Lobsters"  (cuirassiers),  gov- 

38  Probably  son  of  Isaac.  He  mar-  ernor  of  Newcastle,  and  friend  of 
ried  Ann  Smethurst,  and  is   "  undoubt-  Cromwell. 

edly  the  person  who,  in  1748,  in  the  ship         *i  Of  London.     See  p.  47. 


THE    NEW   CHURCH. 


123 


Always  provided,  and  it  is  hereby  intended,  and  meant,  that  this  Sub- 
scription shall  not  be  binding  upon  either  of  us,  untill  and  unless  the 
Sum  total  of  this  Subscription  amount  to  Two  thousand  Pounds  at 
the  least ;  And  that  then,  or  in  any  other  Case  whatever,  no  Subscriber 
shall  be  held  to  pay  more  than  the  sum  by  him  subscribed  with  his 
Name. 

In  \\'itness  of  our  several  Premises  aforesaid,  and  to  bind  ourselves 
severally,  as  afores'l,  we  have  hereto  subscribed  our  Names,  and  to  our 
Names  affixed  the  several  Sums  in  which  we  bind  ourselves  as  aforesaid  : 


£ 

s. 

d. 

£ 

s. 

d. 

Charles  Apthorpe 

270. 

00. 

00 

Francis  Brinley .     . 

150. 

00. 

00 

Ehakim  Hutchinsc 

)n  .     100. 

00. 

00 

James  Gordon  .     . 

50- 

00. 

00 

John  Gibbins  . 

.     100. 

00. 

00 

William  Price     .     . 

40. 

00. 

00 

Silv''  Gardiner  . 

•     150- 

00. 

00 

Henry  Caner     .     .     . 

100. 

00. 

00 

George  Cradock 

•       50- 

00. 

00 

Henry  Liddel     .     . 

50. 

00, 

00 

Thos  Hawding 

.     .     100. 

GO. 

00 

Joanna  Brooker 

50. 

00. 

00 

Thos  Gunter  . 

100. 

00. 

00 

Powers  Marriot  .     . 

50- 

00. 

00 

Charles  Paxton 

.     100. 

00. 

00 

Shrimpton  Hutchinsor 

1  100. 

00. 

00 

John  Powell     . 

.     100. 

00. 

00 

Henry  Lloyd      .     . 

100, 

00. 

00 

James  Forbes  . 

•       50- 

00. 

00 

Sam!  Wentworth     . 

•   50. 

00. 

00 

John  Box    .     . 

100. 

00. 

00 

Gilbert  Deblois  .     . 

73- 

06. 

08 

Robert  Auchmuty 

•       50- 

00. 

00 

Lewis  Deblois    .     . 

.     50. 

00. 

00 

in.  A  Supplc7ncnta7-y  List  of  Subscribers^  etc. 

£     s.    d. 

Rev.  !Mr.  Caner  for  a  widow's  subscription o.  08.  00 

Charles  Sherman  for  Mr.  Caswell 40.  00.  00 

Thos.  Hancock  for  Combrune's  subs" 2.  13.  04 

Mr.  Randell i.  09.  04 

A  private  donation       66.  13.  04 

Capt.  Phillips 2.  16.  00 

Jon?  Henry  Bastede's  donation 6.  13.  04 

Benj'' Faneuil's  donation  ^ 186.  13.04 

Mr.  Steward's  donation 2.  16.  00 

Sir  Peter  Warren's  donation  ■^ 29.06.08 

C.  Apthorp's  dra' of  Mr.  Trecothick  ^       133.06.08 

The  Charitable  Society,^  reed  of  Mr.  Eustice  in  part  of  his 

bond  to  s^  So?' 14.  14.  05 

reed  of  Mr.  Eben  Miller  for  his  bond  due  to  sd  Soy, 

160  oz.  15  dw.  silver*'^,  2  y?  Interest 60.  00.  04 

reed  of  Wl"  Hall  in  p^  his  bond  due  to  sd  soc^,  408 

doll''  and  37/4 122.  13.  00 

reed  from  Mr.  Dowse  ^  for  two  bonds  due  from  Trinity 

Church,  being  355  oz.  3  dw.  12  g.  silver    .     .     .     .  iiS.  07.  10 


124 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


propagating  the  Gospel 


Interest  from  i"  Decf,  1751  to  ye  12  Nov',  1753     .     . 
reed  of  Mr.  Indicott  in  full  of  his  bond  of  70  oz.  silver 

and  Interest 

Rufus  Green 

M.  H?  Wentworth  for  his  donation 
Sir  W?  Pepperell's  donation '' 
Cap!  Loring's  donation.     .     . 
Mr.  Caner's  Bill  on  the  Society  for 

in  foreign  parts 

My  do  on  ditto,  being  their  don?  ^ 
Dr.  Gardiner  and  Mr.  Gunter  for 

tion^ 

Cha.  Apthorp's  present  of  the  Glass 

Contribution  at  opening  y*"  Chapel 

Mr,  [Robert]  Skinner's  donation 

Dr.  Gardiner,  ball?  of  Contribu"  money  p  acco! 

Sundry  donations,  viz*^ 


£    s.    d. 
21.  06.  00 


Thomas  Green's 


dona 


Mess'^  Crowleys 
Mess'.'  Pludyers 
John  Thomlinson  ^° 
Ric^  Chapman    .     . 
Mess"  Bakers     .     . 
Kilby  and  Barnard  " 
Sam'  Turner       .     . 
Thomas  Lane     .     . 
Mess''  Home,  «Sz:  Co 
Sam".  Stork     .     .     . 
Doct'  Bruce  .     .     . 
for  Drawback  on  Glass 


£s.   d. 

21.  00.  00 

10.  10.  00 

50.  00.  00 

5.  05.  00 

00.  00 

00.  00 

10.  00 

00.  00 

10.  00 

00.  00 

I.  01.  00 

2.  09.  CO 


21 
21 
10 
21 
10 
21 


27.   16.   00 

7.  GO.  00 

13.  06.  08 

5.  oS.  00 

13.  06.  08 


26. 


04 


133.  06,  08 
13.  06.  08 

86.  15.  10 

45.  19.  02 

6.  13.  08 

102.  03.  04 


195.  19.  00 

Exch.  @  ^T,  p.  ch 65.  01.  08 

260.  06.  08 

John  Shirley  ^^ 10.  10.  00 

John  Apthorp  ^' 10.  10.  00 

Mr.  Burryean's^*  sub",  and  what  he  had  Collected  June  15, 

1756 60.  00.  00 

ColP  George  Williamson 4.  00.  00 

From  a  person  unknown 12.00.00 

1754.  July  16.    Mr.  Windship  p  R^  M'  Caner  for  Subscrip- 
tion       4.  00.  00 

Aug.  29.    Dr.  Gardiner  for  Stover's  bal^      .     .     .     .  i.  16.  08 

Sept.  23.    Cash  of  Rev'' M' Caner  for  houselot      .     .  80.00.00 


THE   NEW   CHURCH. 


125 


1756.   Xber.    Mr.  Jarvis  subscription 

Aug.    17.  Rev.  Mr.  Caner's   donation    towards  the 

Capitalls 

1756.  Jan.  26.    Chas.  Ward  Apthorp^°  for  his  donation  to- 
wards the  Capitalls .     . 

Mr.  Nat.  Wheelwright,  for  his  donation  to- 
wards the  Capitalls 

Capt.  Smith,  5  dollars  (a;  61/ 

Cash  of  Stephen  Burt  ^^ 


£    s.    d. 
6.  13.  04 

13.  06.  oS 

13.  06.  oS 

13.  06.  08 

I.  00.  00 

36.  06.  06 


1  Mr.  B.  Faneuil's  enforced  payment 
of  his  brother  Peter's  subscription  can 
hardly  be  termed  a  "  donation."  See 
pp.  87,  88,  ante. 

^  See  p.  50,  ante. 

3  This  subscription  of  the  Society  for 
Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign 
Parts,  appears  to  be  twice  enumerated. 

*  The  Episcopal  Charitable  Society, 
founded  April  6,  1724,  incorporated  in 
1784.  See  Historical  Memoir  of  the 
Society  (with  the  Constitution,  Act  of 
Incorporation,  etc.) ;  Boston  :  1S71. 

^  Joseph  Dowse,  one  of  the  first  war- 
dens of  Trinity  Church. 

3  Mark  Hunking  Wentworth,  of  Ports- 
mouth, N.  H.,  brother  of  Samuel  Went- 
worth, warden  in  1741-42.  See  p.  159, 
post. 

"^  William  Pepperell,  a  prominent  mer- 
chant of  Kittery,  and  a  militia  officer, 
was  the  senior  member  of  the  Governor's 
Council  when  the  expedition  against 
Louisburg  was  undertaken,  and  as  the 
leader  in  that  surprising  and  glorious 
enterprise,  was  loaded  with  honors,  being 
ceated  baronet,  "an  honor  never  before 
conferred  on  a  native  of  these  North 
American  provinces."  He  died  at  his 
seat  in  Kittery,  July  6,  1759,  aged  63. 
His  wife  was  Mary,  daughter  of  Grove 
Hirst,  and  granddaughter  of  Judge  Sew- 
all.  He  was  brother-in-law  of  Rev. 
Charles  Chauncy  of  the  First  Church, 
and  of  Rev.  Addington  Davenport.  His 
sister  Mary  married  Rev.  Benjamin  Col- 
man.  See  "  Memorial  History  of  Bos- 
ton," ii.  115,  where  is  given  his  portrait. 

The  committee  of  King's  Chapel 
wrote  to  Sir  William  Pepperell,  Bart.,  in 
England,  Nov.  13,  1749,  reminding  him 
of  his  "kind  promise  of  contributing  to 
this  good  work,"  and  asking  him  to  pay 
"  What  Money  you  shall  think  proper 


to  advance  in  our  favor  "  to  "  our  good 
friend  Mr.  Barlow  Trecothick,  who  is 
desired  to  purchase  Glass,  Nails,  and 
such  like  Materials  in  England  for  carry- 
ing on  the  building  of  King's  Chapel." 

8  Mr.  Greene's  gift  is  a  pleasant  sign 
that  the  friction  consequent  on  his  with- 
drawal from  the  Church  in  1740  had 
passed  away.  See  i.  496.  His  generous 
purpose  for  Trinity  Church,  which  has 
borne  so  large  fruit,  was  thus  described 
by  his  clergyman,  the  Rev.  William 
Hooper,  in  his  sermon  at  his  funeral, 
Aug.  5,  1763,  from  Eccles.  vii.  i.  His 
heirs,  to  carry  out  their  father's  plan, 
which  his  death  had  prevented,  gave 
;^500  "  in  trust  to  the  Minister,  Wardens, 
and  Vestry  of  Trinity  Church,  ...  as  a 
fluid  for  maintaining  a  Clergyman,  that 
may  be  a  constant  assistant  to  the  minis- 
ter of  said  Church;  except  when  they 
shall  think  fit,  to  send  said  assistant  to 
supply  any  one  of  the  churches  in  and 
about  Bostoft,  that  may  be  vacant  by  the 
death,  sickness,  or  otherwise  necessary 
absence  of  the  settled  minister." 

^  These  donations  are  explained  in  a 
letter  from  Mr.  Trecothick  :  — 

London,  loth  April,  1752.  .  .  .  Most 
of  the  Subscriptions  are  collected  as  p. 
the  annex":'  acco'.  ,  amounting  to  ^^170 
I5J-.  M":  Storke  will  pay  his  upon  be- 
ing again  called  on.  M"!  Bourryan's 
own  Subscription  and  the  money  he  has 
been  so  kind  to  collect  from  his  Friends, 
will  doubtless  be  paid  when  I  call  for  it, 
w';''  shall  be  as  soon  as  I  decently  can. 
You  have  in  his  Death  met  with  a  real 
Loss,  for  w<;'i  I  am  sincerely  concerned. 
He  had  several  times  offered  me  the 
money  he  had  collected,  and  to  return 
the  Subscription  Paper,  w'^.''  I  as  often 
declined.  .  .  .    On  running  my  Eye  over 


126 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL, 


it  as  he  had  in  his  Hand,  I  judged  there 
was  near  ;^40.  on  it;  but  as  he  sickned 
in  a  day  or  two  after,  I  fear  no  Addition 
has  been  since  made.  .  .  .  The  Me- 
morial to  his  Majesty  I  shall  keep  by  me, 
and  hope  to  make  use  of  it  next  Winter. 
Nothing  could  be  done  in  it  the  last  Ses- 
sion as  every  Body  was  very  busy  when 
it  came  to  Hand. 

At  present  the  Society  for  propagat- 
ing the  Gospell  are  begging  throughout 
the  Kingdom,  and  I  believe  will  collect 
a  very  large  Sum  of  money,  as  they  have 
a  zealous  Recomendation  of  their  case 
from  every  Pulpit.  This,  however,  is 
some  little  Disadvantage  to  me,  as  many 
who  would  do  one  charitable  Act  are 
neither  able  nor  willing  to  do  more. 

13  Senior  member  of  the  Firm  of 
Thomlinson,  Trecothick,  &  Co. 

11  The  Firm  in  which  Mr.  Christopher 
Kilby  and  Mr.  Jonathan  Barnard  were 
partners.     See  pp.  92,  93,  ante. 

12  The  Governor's  oldest  son,  a  cap- 
tain in  the  British  army.  He  died  of 
fever  at  Oswego  in  1755. 

13  Second  son  of  Mr.  Charles  Apthorp, 
residing  in  England,  and  a  partner  in 
the  house  of  Thomlinson,  Trecothick, 
&  Co. 

1*  Mr.  Zachary  Bourryan,  mentioned 
in  Mr.  Trecothick 's  letter. 

1^  Oldest  son  of  Mr.  Charles  Apthorp, 
residing  in  New  York. 

!*>  This  was  the  scanty  result  of  Cap- 
tain Coram's  gift  of  a  farm  in  Taunton 
to  the  Church,  half  a  century  before. 
See  p.  117. 

Other  subscriptions,  or  endeavors  to 
obtain  them,  are  referred  to  in  the  fol- 
lowing letters  from  our  files :  — 

Boston,  March  9,  1749. 
Mr.  Francis  yohonnot. 

.  .  .  Committee  appointed  for  build- 
ing King's  Chapel  in  this  Town,  under- 
standing that  you  are  shortly  bound  for 
Anapolis,  beg  leave  to  trouble  you  with 
the  Form  of  a  Subscription,  which  we 
pray  you  to  recommend  to  such  Gentle- 
men of  the  Garrison,  whom  you  may  es- 
teem generously  and  charitably  dispos'd. 

[Form  of  a  Subscription].  .  .  .  Our 
persuasion  of  your  Generosity  and  Hon- 
our, and  of  your  Readiness  to  promote 
the  Interest  of  the  Established  Ch^  of 
England,  has  given  us  the  Confidence  to 


make  this  Application  to  you  whom  we 
esteem  as  our  Brethren,  and  to  whom  we 
shall  at  all  times  be  ready  to  do  all  good 
Offices  in  our  Power.  .  .  . 


Sirs 


London,  25th  of  Septembre,  1750. 


I  called  on  Capt.  Kenwood  at  Tops- 
ham,  who  had  then  only  one  guinea  sub- 
scribed. I  have  since  seen  him  in  Lon- 
don ;  he  tells  me  the  Dean  and  Chap^  of 
St.  Peter's,  Exeter,  have  added  two  gui- 
neas more.  He  has  it  certified  from  a- 
Member  of  the  Society  that  no  Applica- 
tion has  been  made  by  the  Church  to 
them,  wc'i  will  take  off  the  Bishop's  Ob- 
jection to  Subscribing.  He  hopes  to  get 
something  handsome  from  him,  w"^}'  will 
give  him  an  Opening  to  apply  to  the  in- 
feriour  Clergy  of  the  Diocess.  The 
Church  is  certainly  very  much  obliged  to 
his  hearty,  honest  Endeavours,  whether 
successful  or  not. 

Barlow  Trecothick. 

Gentlemen. 

Some  Time  since  Mr.  Trecothick  de- 
livered me  the  Letter  you  did  me  the 
Honour  to  write  me,  relating  to  a  Sub- 
scription for  the  King's  Chappel  at  Bos- 
ton. If  such  a  Letter  had  been  sent  me 
while  the  late  Prince  of  Wales  was  alive, 
when  D":  Ayscough,  who  married  a  Re- 
lation of  mine,  had  the  Tuition  of  the 
present  Prince,  and  his  Brother,  and  had 
great  Influence,  I  imagine  it  would  have 
been  much  more  in  my  Power  to  have 
served  you  than  at  present.  However, 
Gentlemen,  as  by  Principle  and  Judg- 
ment, I  am  of  the  Establish't  Episcopal 
Church,  and  as  I  think  myself  in  an  es- 
pecial Manner,  as  it  were,  related  to  you 
in  particular,  you  may  assure  yourselves 
I  shall  do  all  in  my  Power  to  serve  that 
individual  Church  in  which  I  received 
my  first  Christian  Institutions,  and  of 
which  I  hope  soon  to  be  a  Member  for 
the  remainder  of  my  life.  Most  of  my 
acquaintance  are  now  out  of  town;  I 
am  going  soon,  but  as  Opportunity  offers 
you  may  Depend  on  all  my  Interest  to 
serve  you.  I  am.  Gentlemen,  with  much 
respect, 

Your  Most  Obedient, 
Humble  Servant, 
Paschal  Nelson. 

London,  July  2d,  1752. 


THE   NEW   CHURCH. 


127 


It  may  be  added  here  that  Mr.  Ralph 
Allen,  of  Prior  Park,  whose  munificent 
offer  of  stone  for  the  Church,  though 
necessarily  declined,  entitles  him  to  be 
accounted  one  of  its  largest  benefactors, 
was  "  the  Moecenas  of  Bath."  His  niece 
married  Bishop  Warburton.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  letter  from  the  mayor  and 
other  officers  of  that  city  congratulating 
the  King  on  the  conclusion  of  the  war 


with  Spain  "  for  an  adequate  and  ad- 
vantageous peace."  As  Mr.  Pitt  had 
opposed  the  arrangement,  the  word  led 
to  his  refusal  to  present  the  address, 
and  to  the  severance  of  his  long  parlia- 
mentary connection  with  Bath.  Mr. 
Allen  made  amends  by  leaving  him 
;i^iooo  in  his  will.  See  R.  E.  Peach's 
"  Historic  Houses  in  Bath  and  their 
Associations." 


FAC-SIMILE  FROM  THE  COVER  OF  CHURCH  PRAYER-BOOK. 


AV^ 


CHAPTER    XV. 


CHURCH   WORTHIES.  — THE   NEW   ORGAN.— 
THE   LAST   KING'S   LECTURER. 


MONG  the  worthy  company  of  persons  and  dignities 
gathered  in  the  new  church  on  those  August  Sun- 
days, His  Excellency  the  Governor  claims  prece- 
dence, not  only  by  official  rank,  but  as  its  most 
generous  benefactor  and  the  inspirer  of  its  erection.  The  sum- 
mer of  1754  was  largely  spent  by  him  at  Falmouth,  with  a  quo- 
rum of  his  Council  and  other  high  personages,  in  making  a  treaty 
with  the  Norridgewock  Indians,  erecting  forts  on  the  Kennebec, 
and  perfecting  his  scheme  of  warfare  against  the  French  settle- 
ments on  the  Chaudiere.  In  his  train  went  the  King's  Lecturer, 
and  with  him  the  services  of  the  Church.  The  pastor  of  the 
First  Congregational  Society  of  Falmouth  wrote:  ^  — 

"June  26,  1754.     The  Governor  got  in  this  morning. 

"June  30  (Sunday).  Parson  Brockwell  preached  here,  A.  M.,  and 
carried  on  in  the  Church  form. 

"July  14.  Mr.  Brockwell  preached.  He  gave  great  offence  as  to  his 
doctrine." 

1  Rev.  Thomas  Smith's  Journal,  ary,"  p.  282  ;  Batchelder's  "  The  Church 
quoted  in  Bartlet's  "  Frontier  Mission-     in  Maine,"  p.  45. 


CHURCH   WORTHIES. 


129 


But  Lecturer  and  Governor  were  at  home  again,  when  their 
fellow-worshippers  entered  the  Lord's  house  with  joy  and 
singing. 

William  Shirley,  born  in  England  in  1693,  and  descended 
from  the  family  ennobled  under  the  title  of  Ferrers,^  had 
come  to  this  country  about  1734,  and  was  practising  law  in 
Boston  when,  as  before  related,  in  1741,  the  removal  of  Belcher 
and  the  death  of  John  Jekyll  left  vacant  the  two  offices  of  Gov- 
ernor and  Collector  of  the  Port,  and  Sir  Henry  Frankland 
receiving  the  more  lucrative  position  from  the  Duke  of  New- 
castle, the  office  of  Governor  fell  to  Shirley.  For  fifteen  years, 
in  difficult  and  glorious  times,  he  filled  the  chair  with  distinc- 
tion, and  to  him  were  largely  due  the  measures  which  led  to 
British  supremacy  in  America.  The  French  and  Indian  wars 
fill  his  administration  with  the  sound  of  martial  music,  and  give 
it  light  and  color  brighter  than  any  other  chapter  in  our  history, 
culminating  in  that  splendid  achievement  of  the  Provincial  arms, 
the  reduction  of  Louisburg.  The  financial  troubles  consequent 
on  the  collapse  of  the  currency  and  his  controversies  with  the 
Bank  party  did  not  affect  the  Governor's  hold  on  the  regard 
of  the  sturdy  yeomanry  which  even  his  advocacy  of  the  Royal 
prerogative  and  his  stanch,  perhaps  aggressive,  devotion  to  his 
Church  did  not  destroy,  while  his  literary  accomplishments  gave 
refinement  and  grace  to  his  public  career. 

1  "Burke  (Extinct  Baronetcies)  calls  on  whose  monument  show  that  she  was 
him  son  of  '  William,  who  died  in  1701,  probably  of  the  Yorkshire  family  of  that 
by  Elizabeth,  his  wife,  daughter  of  John  name.  By  her  he  had  (i)  William,  sec- 
Goodman,  deriving  his  descent  from  retary  to  General  Braddock,  and  killed 
the  Shirleys  of  Wisterton ; '  but  Drake  with  him  in  1755;  (2)  John,  a  captain 
(N.  E.  Hist,  and  Geneal.  Reg.,  x.  47)  in  the  army,  died  at  Oswego ;  (3)  Ralph, 
states  that  he  was  son  of  Thomas  of  died  young;  (4)  Thomas;  (5)  Judith, 
Preston,  Co.  Sussex,  and  grandson  of  died  young;  (6)  Elizabeth,  married  Eli- 
Sir  Thomas  S.  of  Wiston,  in  the  same  akim  Hutchinson;  (7)  Frances,  married 
county.  This  seems  his  most  probable  William  Bollan ;  (8)  Harriet,  married 
descent.  Brydges's  Collins's  Peerage  Robert  Temple  ;  (9)  Maria,  married  John 
derives   the   family  from    Sewallus    de  Erving. 

Etingdon,  who  died  about  10S5.  After  "Governor  Shirley  died  March  22, 
several  generations,  we  come  to  Sir  1771,  aged  seventy-seven.  His  only  sur- 
Ralph  Shirley,  a  noted  warrior  under  vivingson,Thomas,  Governor  of  the  Lee- 
King  Henry  V.,  who  died  in  1443.  His  ward  Islands,  Major-General,  etc.,  was 
second  son  Ralph,  Esquire  of  the  Body  created  a  Baronet  in  1786,  and  married 
to  King  Henry  VH.,  inherited  Wiston.  Anne,  daughter  of  Thomas  Western,  by 
Ralph's  great-grandson,  Sir  Thomas,  was  Margaret,  daughter  and  co-heir  of  Sir 
father  of  Sir  Thomas  Shirley,  M.  D.,  Richard  Shirley,  Bart.,  of  Preston.  Sir 
who  suffered  much  for  his  loyalty,  and  Thomas  died  in  iSoo,  and  his  only  son, 
had  Wiston  taken  from  him,  and  who  Sir  William  W'arden  Shirley,  died  sine 
was  grandfather  of  our  Governor.  p-ole  in   18 15,  when   the  baronetcy  be- 

"  The  Governor  married  (i)  Frances,  came    extinct." — Heraldic  Journal,   ii. 

daughter  of   Francis  Barker,  the  arms  116-118. 
VOL.   II.  —  9 


130  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Secretary  Willard  wrote  in  his  praise  to  Dr.  Benjamin 
Avery :  ^  — 

''Dec.  31,  1743.  ...  I  am  very  glad  of  the  Correspondence  entered 
into  between  Govern^  Shirley  and  you,  and  believe  it  will  every  way  pro- 
mote the  publick  Good  of  the  Province.  I  must  do  him  the  Justice  to 
say  I  think  him  a  good  Governf  And  altho  his  not  being  of  the  same 
Profession  in  Religion  with  the  Body  of  this  People  may  [be]  attended 
with  Inconvenience,  yet  I  am  not  apprehensive  that  he  will  ever  use  his 
Power  to  oppress  us  on  that  or  any  other  Account.  I  must  say  this 
(as  to  mildness  and  prudence  of  his  Governm!  and  the  visible  Effects 
thereof  among  us),  that  altho  we  have  had  none  but  good  Govern?  for 
the  six  and  twenty  years  that  I  have  been  concerned  in  the  publick 
Business  here,  and  we  might  have  lived  happily  with  any  of  them  had 
it  not  been  our  own  fault,  yet  in  no  part  of  that  time  has  there  been  a 
greater  Harmony  and  Agreem!  between  the  several  parts  of  the  Legisla- 
ture than  since  the  beginning  of  his  Administ?,  nor  have  any  of  our 
Govern?  had  more  of  the  Affection  of  the  People  than  he,  if  I  can  judge 
truly,  altho  the  perplexed  and  entangled  State  of  the  publick  Affairs  has 
rendered  his  Administration  as  difficult  as  that  of  any  of  his  Predecessors. 
However,  I  can't  pretend  that  he  is  without  Enemies  among  us  :  there  is 
evermore  a  Party  that  are  uneasy  under  all  Administrations  where  they 
have  no  Share  themselves ;  And  whatever  discontents  there  may  be  now, 
I  believe  that  is  at  the  Bottom  of  them. 

"  You  have  justly  observed  that  the  different  Apprehensions  we  have 
among  us  as  to  the  true  Interests  of  the  Province  brings  a  great  diffi- 
culty upon  our  Friends  in  England  what  measures  to  take  for  our  benefit. 
Upon  this  Occasion  I  cannot  but  give  you  my  Opinion  That  none 
of  your  Correspondents  here  (that  I  am  acquainted  with)  will  give 
you  more  intelligent  and  disinterested  Advices  of  these  Matters  than 
My  Thomas  Hutchinson,  who  is  justly  had  in  great  Esteem  by  the  best 
men. 

"  I  take  this  Opportunity  to  recommend  to  your  Acquaintance  and 
Favour  my  Brother  in  Law,  Mr.  Joseph  Brandon.  .  .  .  Tho  he  is  not  a 
Native  of  this  Countrey,  yet  he  is  a  true  New  England  Man  in  his  Heart, 
and  (I  think)  a  solid,  judicious  Man." 

A  great  bereavement  early  took  from  the  Governor  her  to 
whom  he  owed  his  position. 

"  Boston,  Sept.  4,  1 746.  Last  Lord's  Day  Evening  died,  after  a  few 
Days  Illness,  the  Honourable  Mrs.  Shirley,  Consort  of  His  Excellency 
our  Governour :  The  Funeral  will  be  this  Afternoon,  and  the  Corps  will 
move  between  three  and  four  o'Clock."  ^ 

1  Mass.  Archives,  liii.  167. 

2  The  Boston  Weekly  Newsletter,  Sept.  4,  1746. 


CHURCH    WORTHIES.  I3I 

The  great  public  events  in  which  his  administration  was  in- 
volved overshadowed  the  Governor  even  at  the  moment  of  his 
lady's  death.  This  took  place  in  September,  1746,  when  an 
attack  from  the  French  fleet  under  D'Anville  was  imminent; 
and  the  only  mention  of  the  forces  which  the  Governor  had 
gathered  to  resist  the  invasion  (and  on  which  the  public  prints 
were  enjoined  to  silence)  is  in  connection  with  their  attendance 
at  her  stately  funeral,  in  the  same  churchyard  where  Lady 
Andros  had  been  interred. 

The  death  of  his  beautiful  and  accomplished  lady  had  left  the 
Province  House  desolate  before  the  subscription  for  the  new 
church  was  begun,  and  his  interest  in  it  may  well  have  led  him 
to  regard  it  almost  as  a  memorial  for  her,  especially  when, 
from  his  seat  in  the  "  Governor's  pew,"  he  read  the  tablet 
which  blended  her  virtues  and  those  of  her  daughter  in  one 
inscription.^ 

M.  S. 

FRANCISCO   SHIRLEY, 

Quam  Virginem 

Omnium  Admirationi  commendavit 

Eximius  Formae  Niter, 

Familiarium  vero  etiam  Amori 

Gratior  veniens  in  pulchro  Corpore  virtus : 

1  See  heliotype  of  the  Shirley  monu-  tionary,"  which  gives  a  list  of  his  politi- 

ment,  surmounted  by  her  bust,  in  Vol.  I.  cal  writings. 

p.   12.     The  monument  associates  with  The  association  of  this  rare  ladv  with 

Mrs.   Shirley  in   enduring  memory  the  the  present  church,  like   that  of   Lady 

name  of  her  second  daughter  Frances  Andros  with   its   predecessor,  deserves 

and  her  husband  William  Bollan.    Born  note.     Dr.  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  in 

in  England,  he  had  come  to  Boston  with  his  poem,  "King's  Chapel,"^  voices  the 

Mr.  Shirley,  had  studied  law  under  Mr.  sentiment   awakened   by   these    ancient 

Auchmuty,  succeeding  Shirley  as  Advo-  monuments:  — 
cate-General  of  the  Admiralty  Court  in 

1741.      The   death   of    his    lovely    young  "Lightly  we  glance  the  fresh-cut  marbles  o'er; 
...                          ,    ,                   ,      ,.             ,  Those  two  of  earlier  date  our  eyes  enthrall : 

Wife,  m  1743,  must   have   made   hnn  wel-         ^he  proud  old  Briton's  by  the  western  door, 
come  the  position  of  Agent  of  the  PrOV-         And  hers,  the  Lady  of  Colonial  days, 
ince  in  London  in  1745.     He  had  already         Whose  virtues  live  in  long-drawn  classic  phrase, 
been  sent,  in  1740,  to  secure  the  reim-  The  fair  Francisca  of  the  southern  wall. 

bursement  of  the   Cape  Breton  e.xpedi-  ,.  ,    ,    ,                    ,,          ..     t>        u   j 

'                              '  "Ay!  those  were  goodly  men  that  Reynolds  drew, 

tion.      As  a  friend  of  Shirley  S  party,  he  ^nd  stately  dames  our  Copley's  canvas  holds, 

was  finally  displaced  from  the  agencv  in  To  their  old  Church,  their  Royal  Master,  true, 

1762,   but   continued   to   be   employed  by  Proud  of  the  claim  their  valiant  sires  had  earned, 

the  Council,  and  rendered  great  se'rvices.  That  "gentle  blood,"  not  lightly  to  be  spurned, 

,.,.-,              ,,-1         ,.,      TT               ■•  Save  by  the  churl  ungenerous  Nature  moulds. 
'  Mr.  Hancock  declared  in  the  House  of 

Representatives  that  there  was  no  man     "All  vanished!    It  were  idle  to  complain 

to    whom    the    Colonies    were    more    in-  That  ere  the  fruits  shall  come  the  flowers  must 

debted,  and  whose  friendship  had  been  f^"  ■ 

.  )>      TT  J  i-    »  Yet  somewhat  we  have  lost  amidst  our  gam, — 

more  sincere.       He  urged   conciliatory  „  •,    ,   .•  .      . 

°  ^  Some  rare  ideals  time  mav  not  restore, 

measures   up   to  the   eve   of  the  Revoln-  The  charm  of  courtly  breeding,  seen  no  more, 
tion.       See    Eliot's    "Biographical    Die-  And  reverence,  dearest  ornament  of  all." 


2  The  Poem  is  printed  at  length  on  pp.  626,  627,  post. 


132  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Quam  Nuptam 

Fides  intemerata,  Amor  sincerus, 

Rerum  Domesticarum  prudens  Administratio, 

Indoles  suavissima, 

In  tantum  Marito  devinxerunt, 

Ut  Cor  ejus  in  ilia  tutissime  confident : 

Quam  Matrem 

Nulla  prius  habuit  Cura 

Quam  ut  Liberorum  Animos  prcestantissimis  moribus  imbueret, 

Quod  et  strenue  laboravit  et  feliciter : 

Quam  Demum, 

In  omni  Vitce  statu  et  Conditione, 

Summa  Ingenii  Elegantia 

Quicquid  Decorum  atque  Honestum  diligenter  excolentis 

Quicquid  Vanum  contra  et  Leve  serio  aversantis 

Morum  Simplicitas  Candida 

Pietas  infucata 

In  Egenos  Liberalitas,  in  omnes  Benevolentia, 

Dolorum  Tolerantia,  Voluptatum  Temperantia, 

Omnis  denique  et  omnimoda  Virtus 

Ut  amabilem  fecerunt  omnibus 

Ita  Amorem  ipsum  et  Delicias  hujus  Provincise  Vivam, 

Desiderium  triste  et  insolabile  reddiderunt  mortuam. 

Maritum  habuit  Gulielmum  Shirley  hujus  Provinciae 

Praefectum, 

Quem  Filiis  quatuor,  Filiabus  quinque  beavit. 

E  Stirpe  Generosa  Nata  est  Londini  mdcxcii, 

Denata  DorcestriK  Massachusettensium  prid  :  Kal.  Sept. 

MDCCXLVI, 

In  communi  hujus  Oppidi  Caemeterio  conditse  ipsius  Exuvias 
Felicem  ad  meliorem  vitam  Reditu m  expectant. 

JuxTA  banc  Prcestantissimam  Matrem  positum  est 
Quicquid  Mortale  fuit  Filiae  Natu  secund^  Francisc^e 

BOLLAN, 

GuLiELMi  BoLLAN  Armigcri 

In  Curia  Vice  Admiralitatis  apud  Massachusettenses 

Regii  Advocati, 

Nuper  Uxoris, 

Quam  Virtus  et  Forma  excellens, 

Prudentia  et  Ingenium  excultum, 

Pietas  et  Mores  suavissimi, 

Dilectissimam  omnibus,  dum  in  vivis  fuit  finxerunt. 


CHURCH   WORTHIES.  I  33 

Spatiolo  Vitse,  (heu  brevi)  percurso, 
Annum  quippe  vix  quartum  supra  vicessimum  attigit, 
Primo  in  Partu  diem  obiit  supremum  xii  Kal.  Martias 

MDCCXLIV 

Marito,  Parentibus,  Amicis, 
Ingens  sui  Desiderium  relinquens. 

Several  years  of  his  term  of  service  were  spent  in  England  and 
France  as  commissioner  on  the  boundaries  between  the  Amer- 
ican possessions  of  the  two  countries,  returning  here  Aug.  6, 
1753.  "  He  made  an  ill-judged  step  while  in  France,  which  he 
had  reason  to  repent  of  as  long  as  he  lived.  At  the  age  of 
threescore  he  was  captivated  with  the  charms  of  a  young  girl, 
his  landlord's  daughter,  in  Paris,  and  married  her  privately."  ^ 
This  union  with  a  French  Catholic  did  not  affect  his  public 
service.  His  counsels  in  regard  to  the  siege  of  Louisburg  had 
led  the  King  to  give  him  a  regiment  in  1746,  although  he  was 
a  civilian ;  and  the  angry  threatenings  of  a  renewal  of  the  war 
brought  fresh  opportunities  to  his  military  ambition. 

As  described  by  an  able  contemporary  witness,^  — 

"  Of  all  our  plantation  governors,  Mr.  Shirley  is  most  distinguished  for 
his  singular  abilities.  .  .  .  He  is  a  gentleman  of  great  political  sagacity, 
deep  penetration,  and  indefatigable  industry.  With  respect  to  the  wis- 
dom and  equity  of  his  administration,  he  can  boast  the  universal  suffrage 
of  a  wise,  free,  jealous,  and  moral  people.  Though  not  bred  to  arms,  he 
is  eminently  possessed  of  these  important  military  virtues  :  an  extent  of 
capacity  to  form  and  execute  great  designs  ;  profound  secrecy ;  love 
of  regularity  and  discipline  ;  a  frugal  and  laborious  manner  of  living ; 
with  the  art  of  conciliating  the  affections,  a  talent  which  Hannibal 
admired  in  Pyrrhus  above  all  the  rest  of  his  martial  accomplishments." 

Shirley  impressed  himself  deeply  upon  the  rude,  blunt  soldier 
who  first  had  charge  of  the  military  operations.'^  Major-General 
Braddock  wrote  to  Right  Hon.  Sir  Thomas  Robinson :  — 

"Alexandria,  April  19,  1755.  .  .  .  On  the  13""  of  this  Month  Gov' 
Shirley  .  .  .  acquainted  me  with  a  Plan  for  attacking  some  of  the  French 
Forts  in  Nova  Scotia.  ...  As  I  greatly  approv'd  of  it,  I  immediately 
sent  Orders  by  Express  to  Col.  Monctton  to  proceed  with  the  Command 
of  it  without  delay. 

1  Hutchinson's  History,  iii.  115.  ^  I  zm  indebted  to  Mr.  Francis  Park- 

2  Livingston's  "Review  of  the  Mili-  man  for  permission  to  quote  from  his 
tary  Operations  in  North  America  from  Transcripts  from  the  English  Tublic 
1753  to  1756,"  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.,  ist  Record  Office. 

series,  vii.  69. 


124  ANNALS    OF   KING'S   CHAPEL. 

"  I  also  settled  with  him  a  Plan  for  the  Reduction  of  Crown  Point, 
which  is  to  be  undertaken  by  Provincial  Troops  alone,  rais'd  in  the 
Northern  Colonies  to  the  Number  of  about  4400,  to  be  commanded  by 
Col.  Johnson,  a  person  particularly  qualify'd  for  it  by  his  great  Influence 
over  the  Six  Nations  of  Indians,  and  the  Character  he  bears  in  all  the 
Northern  Colonies. 

"  Of  the  .  .  .  Attempt  against  the  Forts  of  Niagara  I  propos'd  to  Mr. 
Shirley  to  undertake  the  Execution  himself;  and,  as  he  express'd  the 
greatest  Readiness  to  engage  in  it,  I  have  accordingly  given  him  Orders 
to  take  under  his  Command  his  own  Regiment,  which  is  by  this  time 
compleat,  and  such  part  of  Sir  William  Pepperell's  as  shall  be  rais'd,  and 
to  proceed  upon  it  with  the  utmost  Expedition ;  Having  first  given  my 
Orders  for  reinforcing  the  Garrison  at  Oswego  with  two  Companies  of 
Sir  William  Pepperell's,  and  the  two  Independent  Companies  at  New 
York,  as  a  necessary  Step  for  putting  the  Works  into  such  a  State  as  to 
preserve  its  Garrison  and  secure  the  Retreat  of  the  Forces. 

"  As  Mr.  Shirley  is  the  next  Officer  in  Command  to  myself,  and  I 
have  the  greatest  Opinion  of  his  Integrity  and  Zeal  for  His  Majesty's 
Service,  I  have  directed  him  to  draw  upon  the  Deputy  Paymaster  to  the 
Northward  for  the  Expence  attending  the  Service  under  his  Direction." 

Governor  Shirley  wrote  to  Sir  Thomas  Robinson:  — 

"Boston:  N.  E.,  June  20,  1755.  .  .  .  According  to  this  Plan  [of 
General  Braddock],  the  French  will  be  attack'd  almost  at  the  same  time 
in  all  their  Incroachments  in  North  America ;  and  if  it  should  be  suc- 
cessfully executed  in  every  part,  it  seems  highly  probable  that  all  Points 
in  dispute  there  with  them  may  be  adjusted  this  year,  and  in  case  of  a 
sudden  Rupture  between  the  two  Crowns,  the  Way  pav'd  for  the  Re- 
duction of  Canada,  whenever  it  shall  be  His  Majesty's  pleasure  to 
order  it." 

The  state  of  actual,  though  not  formal,  war  was  already  bur- 
densome to  Massachusetts,  "above  one  Eighth  part  of  our 
Inhabitants  being  already  employed  in  the  several  Expedi- 
tions." ^ 

But  soon  came  the  news  of  Braddock's  defeat,  and  with  it  the 
tidings  of  the  death  of  the  Governor's  oldest  son.  Robert 
Orme,  Esq.,  wrote  to  Governor  Dinwiddie :  ^  — 

"Poor  Shirley  was  Shot  thro*^  his  Head.  .  .  .  M'  Washington  had 
two  Horses  shot  under  him,  and  his  Cloth  shot  thro  in  several  Places, 
behaving  the  whole  time  with  the  greatest  Courage  and  Resolution.  .  .  . 

1  Answer  of  the  Great  and  General  2  i  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Francis  Park- 

Court  to  Governor  Shirley's   Message,     man  for  this  transcript  from  his  valuable 
May  28,  1755.  manuscript  collections. 


CHURCH    WORTHIES.  I  35 

"Of  our  whole  Number  of  Officers  not  above  16  came  off  the  Field 
unhurt ;  we  imagine  that  there  are  kill'd  and  Wounded  About  600  Men. 
...  As  our  Number  of  Horses  were  so  much  reduced,  and  those  so 
Extremely  weak,  and  many  Carriages  being  wanted  for  the  wounded 
men.  Occasioned  our  Destroying  the  Amunition  and  Superfluous  Part 
of  the  Provision  left  in  Col°  Dunbar's  Convoy,  to  prevent  its  falling  into 
the  Hands  of  the  Enemy.  As  the  whole  of  the  Artillery  is  lost,  and  the 
Terror  of  the  Indians  remaining  so  Strongly  in  the  men's  minds,  as  also 
the  Troops  being  Extremely  weaken'd  by  Deaths,  Wounds,  and  Sick- 
ness, it  was  Judged  impossible  to  make  any  further  Attempts,  therefore 
Col°  Dunbar  is  returning  to  Fort  Cumberland  with  every  thing  he  is  able 
to  Bring  along  with  him." 

The  Governor's  personal  grief  at  this  loss,  soon  followed  by 
the  death  of  a  second  son  in  the  army,  was  subdued  by  public 
duty.^     He  wrote :  — 

"  It  is  with  great  Concern  that  I  transmit  you  the  inclos'd  Acco'.^  of 
the  Defeat  of  the  Southern  Forces  under  the  immediate  Command  of 
the  late  Major  General  Braddock  [received  within  six  days ;  the  battle 
was  July  9'!'] . 

"  This  Blow  must  Operate  very  much  to  the  Prejudice  of  the  English 
Interest  among  the  Indians,  and  disadvantage  of  the  other  two  Expedi- 
tions now  carrying  on  ag^'  Niagara  and  Crown  Point,  if  not  immediately 
retriev'd  by  a  second  Attempt  ag^'  Fort  du  Quesne. 

"...  As  I  conceive,  the  Chief  Command  of  his  Majesty's  Forces 
upon  this  Continent  is,  by  the  Death  of  Major  General  Braddock, 
devolv'd  upon  myself." 

General  Shirley  still  expected  to  carry  out  his  expedition 
against  Niagara,  but  it  was  thwarted  by  storm  and  flood,  and 
he  matured  a  careful  plan  of  operations  to  be  undertaken,  in 
the  spring,  against  the  French  at  all  points.  Meantime,  royal 
favors  encouraged  him.  He  wrote  to  Sir  Thomas  Robinson, 
Nov.  5,  1755,  on  receiving  the  order  of  the  Lords  Justices  "to 
take  Command  in  Chief  of  all  his  Majesty's  Forces  in  North 
America  for  the  present,  and  until  his  Majesty's  Pleasure  shall 
be  further  known :  "  — 

"You  had  before.  Sir,  in  your  Letter  of  the  31''  of  July,  acquainted 
me  ...  of  the  high  Honour  his  Majesty  had  been  pleased  to  do  me  in 
Expressing  his  approbation  of  my  Conduct  and  Behaviour  in  his  Ser- 

1  '■^  Maj-Gen{  Shirley  to  Sir  Thomas  Oneida,  near  the  Head  of  the  Mohawks 
Robinson,  A\.\g.  11"^,  1755.  River."  —  From   Mr.  Parkmrni's   Tran- 

"  Camp   at   the    Carrying    Place    of     scripts. 


136  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

vice,  which  Mark  of  his  Royal  Favour  I  have  the  deepest  Sense  of,  and 
shall  Exert  my  best  Endeavours  for  promoting  his  Service  upon  this 
Continent,  in  Execution  of  the  great  Trust  which  I  have  the  Honour  to 
have  reposed  in  me." 

The  Governor  and  Commander-in-Chief,  now  at  the  height 
of  his  dignity,  was  received  with  pomp  and  pageant  on  his  re- 
turn to  Boston  after  long  absence  on  these  military  services. 
Nor  was  the  church  lacking  in  expressions  of  respect  and 
sympathy :  — 

"  Friday  last,  about  Noon,  arrived  at  the  Seat  of  his  Government  here, 
His  Excellency  General  Shirley,  where  he  was  received  with  all  possible 
Demonstrations  of  Joy.  Thursday,  a  Number  of  Gentlemen,  upon  Infor- 
mation of  His  Excellencys  being  upon  the  Road,  went  out  of  Town  and 
met  him  at  Watertown,  where  they  dined,  and  from  thence  they  attended 
him  to  the  Seat  of  Francis  Brinley,  Esq.,  within  four  Miles  of  this  Town, 
where  His  Excellency  lodged  that  Night.  .  .  .  The  next  Day  he  was 
escorted  to  Town  by  his  Troop  of  Guards,  with  a  very  great  Procession 
of  the  principal  Gentlemen  of  the  Town  (in  their  Coaches  and  Chariots), 
who  had  waited  upon  him  at  Mr.  Brinley''s  to  pay  their  Compliments 
of  Congratulation.  Upon  his  Excellency's  Entrance  into  Town,  At  the 
Province  House,  his  Excellency  was  received  by  the  Regiment  of  Militia 
and  his  Company  of  Cadets,  imder  Arms,  and  the  General  Court  being 
then  Sitting,  Notice  was  immediately  given  them  of  his  Excellency's 
Arrival  at  the  Province-House,  and  thereupon  (pursuant  to  a  vote  of 
both  Houses)  his  Honour  the  Lieut.  Governor,  and  the  Members  of  his 
Majesty's  Council,  waited  on  his  Excellency  there,  and  his  Honour 
having  paid  his  Compliments  to  him,  Major-General  Pepperrell,  Baronet, 
President  of  the  Council,  in  their  Name,  congratulated  his  Excellency 
on  his  safe  Return  to  his  Government,  and  soon  after  the  Hon.  Thovias 
Hubbard,  Esq.,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  (who  were  all 
present) ,  did  the  same ;  and  then  his  Excellency,  being  attended  by  the 
Lieutenant-Governor,  the  Members  of  both  Houses,  and  all  the  principal 
Gentlemen  of  the  Town,  went  up  in  Procession  to  the  Court  House, 
preceded  by  the  Company  of  Cadets  (the  Regiment  of  Militia  being_ 
under  Arms,  and  extending  from  the  Province- House  to  the  Court- 
House),  in  the  Council  Chamber  received  the  Compliments  of  the 
Clergy,  and  a  great  number  of  Gentlemen  who  had  not  an  Opportunity 
of  paying  them  before.  After  which  the  Troop  of  Guards,  Militia,  and 
Company  of  Cadets  being  drawn  up  in  King- Street,  fired  three  Vollies, 
and  were  dismiss'd,  the  Streets,  Houses,  Windows,  and  Balconies  being 
crowded  with  vast  Numbers  of  Spectators  to  see  his  Excellency  on  this 
happy  Occasion,  hi  the  Evening  (there  being  Provision  made  by  Order 
of  the  General  Court)  his  Excellency,  and  both  Houses,  and  a  great 
Number  of  Officers  and  other  Gentlemen,  met  at  the  Council-Chamber, 


CHURCH   WORTHIES.  1 37 

where  the  Healths  of  his  Majesty,  the  Royal  family,  and  other  loyal 
Healths,  were  drank,  and  the  Court- House  and  other  Places  being  finely 
illuminated,  and  many  Bonfires  in  the  Town.  The  whole  concluded 
with  the  greatest  Demonstrations  of  Joy,  which  plainly  appeared  in 
every  Face. 

"  Several  Officers  belonging  to  his  Majesty's  Regular  Troops  came  to 
Town  with  his  Excellency  from  New- York."  ^ 

The  Records  note  that  — 

On  Thursday,  February  5%  1756,  The  Reverb  M'  Henry  Caner,  with 
the  Church  Wardens  and  Vestry  of  Kings  Chapel,  Waited  on  His  Ex- 
celency  Govr  Sliirly  at  the  Province  House  at  9  A.  M.,  with  their  Con- 
gratulatory Compliments  for  His  Ex'^P  Safe  Returne  to  his  Goverment, 
and  was  wel  Received. 

"Boston,  February  12,  1756.  Thursday  last,  the  Minister,  Wardens, 
and  Vestry  of  King's  Chapel  in  this  Town  waited  on  His  Excellency 
Major-General  Shirley  with  the  following  Address,  viz. :  — 

"  Alay  if  please  your  Excellency,  —  ^Ve,  the  Minister,  Wardens,  and 
Vestry  of  King's  Chapel,  humbly  beg  Leave  to  congratulate  your  Excel- 
lency's safe  and  happy  Return  to  this  your  Government. 

"  It  is  with  the  utmost  Satisfaction  that  we  reflect  upon  the  great  Ad- 
vantages we  enjoy  under  your  wise  and  prudent  Administration,  and  the 
extensive  Benefits  that  arise  from  your  watchful  Care  and  active  Zeal  for 
the  Safety,  Honour,  and  Prosperity  of  His  Majesty's  American  Domin- 
ions. Nor  can  we  without  Ingratitude  omit  to  mention  your  Excel- 
lency's particular  Favours  and  Bounty  to  the  Church  which  we  have  the 
Honour  to  represent. 

"  It  is  the  greatest  Pleasure  to  us,  to  see  your  Excellency  enjoy  the 
Smiles  of  our  gracious  Sovereign  in  an  Advancement  which  gives  Room 
for  the  Exercise  of  your  extensive  Genius,  and  which  will  more  effectu- 
ally enable  you  to  defeat  the  Attempts  of  our  Enemies,  and  promote 
the  Honour,  and  secure  the  Interest  of  these  Provinces. 

"  But  while  we  entertain  our  selves  with  this  pleasing  Prospect,  we  can- 
not but  be  deeply  affected  at  the  repeated  heavy  Affliction  which  the 
Providence  of  God  hath  permitted  to  befall  you.  The  Publick,  Sir,  as 
well  as  we,  sincerely  mourn  the  Loss  of  your  Sons  as  their  own  proper 
Misfortune,  of  whose  future  Services  they  had  conceived  the  most  prom- 
ising Hopes. 

"  May  the  God  of  all  Comfort  support  your  Excellency  under  this  sore 
Affliction,  —  Preserve  to  you  the  Remainder  of  your  much-respected  and 
most  amiable  Children,  —  Give  Success  to  your  Enterprizes  against  the 
Enemy,  —  Crown  you  with  every  Blessing  of  this  Life,  —  And  in  his  own 
good  Time  reward  you  with  a  better." 

1  Newsletter,  Feb.  5,  1756. 


138  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

His  Excellency s  Answer. 

"  Gentlemen,  —  I  am  much  obliged  to  you  for  your  affectionate  Ad- 
dress. It  will  be  a  great  Satisfaction  to  me  to  contribute  to  the  Pros- 
perity of  the  Church  which  you  represent,  and  shall  be  the  Study  of  my 
Life  to  spend  it  in  such  Services  as  may  be  beneficial  to  the  Publick. 

W.  Shirley."  ^ 

The  lustre  of  these  military  glories  gilded  the  new  church 
with  its  beams,  as  the  Governor's  pew  saw  a  succession  of 
guests  group  their  scarlet  uniforms  beneath  its  crimson  dra- 
peries, —  among  them  a  Provincial  whom  King's  Chapel  would 
twice  welcome,  in  later  years,  when  he  should  become  the  fore- 
most man  of  his  time. 

"  Friday  last  came  to  Town,  from  Virginia,  the  Hon.  Col.  Wash- 
ington." ^ 

The  brave  young  Virginian  came  in  part  on  a  sad  errand,  to 
tell  the  particulars  of  the  death  of  his  companion  in  arms  to 
the  bereaved  Governor,  now  also  Commander-in-Chief  of  His 
Majesty's  forces  in  North  America.  A  little  longer  was  Shirley 
to  stay  at  that  giddy  height,  before  intrigue  and  the  fatal  reflu- 
ent wave  of  disappointment  at  Braddock's  defeat  should  drag 
him  down.  It  is  pathetic  to  read  his  despatches.  Abruptly, 
amidst  the  preparations  for  a  new  campaign,  came  Governor 
Shirley's  summons  home. 

Major-General  Shirley  wrote  to  Right  Hon.  Henry  Fox :  — 

"Albany,  June  13"",  1756.  I  shall,  in  Obedience  to  his  Majesty's 
Commands,  .  .  .  repair  to  England  with  all  possible  Expedition.  ...  I 
am  oblig'd  to  you,  Sir,  for  the  high  Pleasure  you  have  given  me  in  ac- 
quainting me  with  his  Majesty's  gracious  Acceptance  of  my  Services, 
and  that  he  intends  to  give  me  a  New  Mark  of  his  Royal  Favour." 

"  New  York,  July  4*,  1756.  ...  As  I  find  all  final  Determinations 
are  to  wait  for  the  Arrival  of  Lord  Loudoun,  and  both  General  Aber- 
crombie  and  Colonel  Webb,  with  whom  I  have  had  a  very  free  Commu- 
nication, have  press'd  me  more  than  once  in  the  Strongest  Terms  to  stay 
at  New  York  'till  My  Lord  Loudoun  arrives  there,  as  they  are  persuaded 
that  my  acquainting  his  Lordship  in  a  personal  Conference  with  my  Sen- 
timents of  what  may  be  the  most  adviseable  Plan  of  Operations  for  his 
Majesty's  Service  this  Year,  in  the  most  explicit  manner,  would  be  a 
great  Satisfaction  to  his  Lordship,  and  may  promote  the  Service ;  I  shall 
stay  here  a  very  few  Days  for  that  Purpose." 

1  Newsletter,  Feb.  12,  1756.  ^  Newsletter,  March  4,  1756. 


CHURCH    WORTHIES.  I  39 

That  vain  and  incompetent  commander  met  his  predecessor 
with  a  rudeness  which  foreshadowed  Shirley's  later  mortifica- 
tions, being  prejudiced  by  the  report  that  Shirley  had  said  that 
he  "would  find  everything  prepared,  and  had  nothing  to  do  but 
to  pull  Laurells."  Shirley's  despatches  to  England  vindicated 
himself  from  blame  for  the  disasters  which  occurred  after  his 
commission  expired,  and  in  consequence  of  alteration  in  the 
plans  after  his  being  relieved  from  command.^  But  Lord  Lou- 
doun had  been  before  him  with  aspersions  which  won  only  too 
ready  credence.  Of  this,  however,  Massachusetts  as  yet  knew 
nothing. 

"Boston,  August  5.  Yesterday,  about  One  o'Clock,  His  Majesty's 
Declaration  of  War  against  the  French  King  was  proclaimed  here 
from  the  Balcony  of  the  Court-House  :  On  this  Occasion  the  Regiment 
of  Militia  in  this  Town,  and  the  Company  of  Cadets,  were  under  Arms 
in  King  Street,  and  many  Thousands  of  People  of  all  Ranks  attended 
the  Solemnity,  who,  after  the  said  Declaration  was  read  and  proclaimed, 
expressed  their  Satisfaction  by  loud  Acclamation,  followed  with  three 
Vollies  from  the  Militia,  and  the  Discharge  of  the  Guns  at  His  Majesty's 
Castle  William,  the  Batteries  in  this  Town  and  at  Charlestown."^ 

"Boston,  August  12.  On  Monday,  about  One  o'clock,  His  Excel- 
lency General  Shirley  arrived  at  his  Seat  of  Government  here  from  the 
Province  of  New  York,  being  received  with  all  possible  Demonstrations 
of  Joy.  —  His  Excellency,  on  the  Saturday  before,  arrived  at  the  Seat  of 
Col.  Vassal  at  Cambridge,  where  he  lodg'd  that  Night,  and  the  next  at 
Col.  Brindley's  in  Roxbury,  at  both  which  Places  he  was  waited  upon  by 
a  Number  of  Gentlemen,  from  whom  he  received  the  Compliments  of 
Congratulation.  —  The  next  Day  His  Excellency,  with  the  Gentlemen 
that  attended  him,  was  escorted  to  Town  by  his  Troop  of  Guards.  — 
Upon  his  Excellency's  Entrance  into  Town,  he  was  saluted  by  the  Dis- 
charge of  the  Cannon  from  Castle  William  and  the  Forts  of  the  Town. 
—  His  Excellency's  Company  of  Cadets  march'd  to  receive  him  :  And 
the  Regiment  of  Militia  in  this  Town,  being  muster'd  on  this  Occasion, 
were  drawn  up,  form'd  a  Line  from  the  Province- House  in  the  main 
Street  to  the  Southward,  thro  which  his  Excellency  was  to  pass.  —  His 
Excellency,  soon  after  he  enter'd  the  Street,  alighted  from  his  Chariot, 
and  walked  in  Procession,  preceded  by  the  Company  of  Cadets,  being 
attended  by  his  Honour  the  Lieutenant-Govemour,  a  Number  of  the 
Gentlemen  of  his  Majesty's  Council,  members  of  the  Honourable  House 
of  Representatives,  Justices  of  the  Peace,  Select  Men,  and  a  great  Num- 
ber of  the  principal  Gentlemen  of  the  Town,  followed  by  the  Troop  of 

1  Shirley  to  "  Right  Hon.  Henry  Fox,  Esq.,  One  of  His  Majesty's  Principal 
Secretaries  of  State,  Sept.  16,  1756."  —  From  Mr.  Parkmaii's  Transcripts. 

2  Newsletter,  Aug.  5,  1756. 


140 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


Guard.  —  As  his  Excellency  pass'd  by  the  Regiment  he  received  the 
Standing-Salute  from  the  Officers  of  the  Militia.  —  Upon  his  Excellency's 
Arrival  at  the  Province-House,  he  was  congratulated  by  such  of  the  Gen- 
tlemen as  had  not  Opportunity  of  doing  it  before.  —  After  which  the 
Troop  of  Guards,  the  Militia,  and  Company  of  Cadets  fired  three  Vol- 
lies,  and  were  dismiss'd.  —  The  Streets,  Windows,  and  Houses  being 
crowded  with  Spectators  who  had  met  together  to  see  his  Excellency 
upon  his  safe  Return  to  this  his  Government,"  ^ 

The  Pennsylvania  Assembly  instructed  "  Benjamin  Franklin, 
Esq.,  a  member  of  this  House,"  to  present  Major-General  Shir- 
ley an  Address,  in  which  they  said :  "  His  several  judicious 
Plans  and  Undertakings  to  reduce  the  French  Power^  and  the 
Zeal  which  he  has  demonstrated  for  His  Majesty's  Service,  by 
exposing  his  Person  at  a  Time  of  Life  which  might  otherwise 
naturally  and  reasonably  induce  him  to  seek  Repose,  will, 
among  his  other  distinguished  Merits,  highly  recommend  him 
to  the  Royal  Favour." 

In  Boston  the  Council  and  House  addressed  him,  earnestly 
deprecating  his  departure:  ^  — 

"  The  Notice  your  Excellency  has  given  us  of  your  intended  Departure 
for  England,  agreeable  to  His  Majesty's  Order,  on  Matters  of  very  great 
Moment,  gives  us  much  Concern,  inasmuch  as  hereby  we  shall  be  de- 
prived of  your  wise  and  prudent  Conduct  at  a  Time  when,  if  ever,  we 
needed  it ;  but  as  it  is  His  Majesty's  Pleasure,  and  notwithstanding  the 
Experience  we  have  had  of  your  benevolent  Temper  and  Disposition  to 
serve  this  People,  it  becomes  us  to  deny  ourselves  for  the  sake  of  the 
Publick  Good,  and  to  submit. 

"  Your  Excellency's  assiduous  and  unwearied  Application  to  the  pub- 
lick  Business  throughout  the  whole  of  your  Administration,  both  in  Time 
of  Peace  and  War,  especially  in  the  successful  Expedition  against  Louis- 
bourg,  the  strongest  Fortress  the  Fre?ich  had  in  North-America ;  the 
great  Vigilance  your  Excellency  had  over  Nova  Scotia,  which,  under 
God,  and  by  the  Help  of  some  Troops  from  this  Province,  you  pre- 
served once  and  again  from  falling  into  the  Hands  of  the  French  and 
Indians  when  in  imminent  Danger  :  But  above  all,  your  watchful  Ob- 
servations of  the  perfidious  Designs  of  the  French  in  North- America, 
and  unwearied  Pains  to  possess  Us  here,  as  well  as  the  Ministry  at 
Home,  of  the  great  Danger  these  Provinces  were  in  of  falling  a  Sacrifice 
to  their  inveterate  Malice  and  Revenge,  are  Matters  which  can't  but 
endear  your  Memory  to  Us,  and  recommend  you  to  the  Royal  Favour. 

^  Newsletter,  Aug.  12,  1756. 

2  The  "Newsletter"  of  Aug.  19,  1756,  contains  the  three  addresses  and  the 
Governor's  answers. 


CHURCH    WORTHIES.  I4I 

"  That  Almighty  God  would  be  pleased  to  take  you  under  his  Pro- 
tection in  your  intended  Voyage,  and  prosper  you  in  all  your  Attempts 
for  the  publick  Welfare,  and  still  grant  you  Favour  in  the  Eyes  of  our 
most  gracious  Sovereign,  the  King,  is  the  unfeigned  Wish  and  Prayer  of 
this  House." 

Lord  Loudoun  was  not  pleased  with  these  manifestations  of 
loyalty  to  the  setting  sun,  being  offended  by  the  implication  in 
the  Governor's  reply  to  the  Assembly,  that  it  was  "  not  certain 
that  his  Political  Connections  with  them  would  end."  ^ 

"...  His  Majesty's  Ship,  the  Mermaid,  appointed  to  carry  you  home, 
arrived  at  Boston  the  13"'  of  August;  and  as  you  have  so  far  misunder- 
stood those  Orders,  as  to  Delay  obeying  them  to  this  Day,  the  6*  of 
September,  and  are  still  further  delaying,  I  must  by  this  acquaint  you, 
as  I  am  directed,  that  you  are  order'd  to  depart  for  England  directly, 
without  delay." 

Shirley  replied  with  much  dignity:  — 

"The  Inference  your  Lordship  would  make  from  that  part  of  my 
Speech,  is,  that  I  am  endeavouring  by  it  to  support  and  draw  after  me 
Parties;  what  Parties,  my  Lord?  surely  your  Lordship  can't  mean  Par- 
ties to  obstruct  His  Majesty's  Service,  either  under  your  Lordship's 
Command,  or  in  the  Civil  Department  within  this  Government,  in  the 
hands  of  my  Successor ;  A  long  Series  of  faithful  Services  to  His  Maj- 
esty, and  my  establish'd  Character  founded  on  them,  will  protect  me,  I 
doubt  not,  from  so  injurious  a  Charge,  let  it  come  from  what  Quarter 
it  will.  .  .  . 

"  I  beg  leave  to  say,  that  your  Lordship  seems  to  me  to  have  given 
yourself  a  very  needless  Trouble  in  sending  me  a  Letter  to  let  me  know 
that  I  am  ordered  directly  to  depart  for  England  by  three  Letters  from 
His  Majesty's  Secretary  of  State,  all  which  your  Lordship  observes  I 
have  received ;  and,  as  they  carry  the  highest  Authority  in  themselves, 
can't  be  suppos'd  to  receive  any  additional  Force  from  your  Lordship's 
Letters,  which  I  can't  but  think  concerns  Matters  which  are  intirely  out 
of  your  Lordship's  Department." 

"  On  Saturday  last  His  Excellency  embarked  on  board  His  Majesty's 
Ship  Mermaid,  Washington  Shirley,  Esq.,  Commander.  About  12 
O'clock  his  Excellency,  escorted  by  the  Company  of  Cadets,  and  at- 
tended by  such  of  his  Majesty's  Council  and  House  of  Representatives 
as  were  in  Town,  the  civil  and  military  Officers  of  this  and  the  neighbor- 
ing Towns,  and  a  great  Number  of  Merchants  and  other  Gentlemen, 
walked  from  the  Council-Chamber  to  the   End  of  the   Long  ^Mlarf. 

1  Earl  of  Loudoun  to  Major-General  Shirley,  Sept.  6,  1756.  From  Mr.  Park- 
man's  Transcripts. 


142  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

After  mutual  Compliment,  his  Excellency  went  in  the  Castle  Barge, 
which  lay  ready  to  receive  him,  as  also  several  other  Gentlemen  Officers, 
who  had  taken  Passage  in  the  Mermaid ;  upon  the  Barge's  putting  off 
his  Excellency  was  saluted  by  three  VoUies  of  the  Company  of  Cadets, 
the  Discharge  of  the  Cannon  at  the  Batteries  of  this  Town  and  that  of 
Charlestown  :  On  his  passing  by  Castle  William  was  saluted  by  a  Dis- 
charge of  Cannon  from  that  Fortress,  as  he  again  was  by  the  Cannon  of 
the  Mermaid  on  his  going  on  board.  And  About  four  O'Clock  in  the 
Afternoon  on  Monday  last,  the  Mermaid  (as  also  the  Schooner  em- 
ployed as  a  Tender)  got  under  sail,  when  she  saluted  Castle-William, 
which  was  returned  by  the  Discharge  of  the  Cannon  there,  and  then 
proceeded  on  her  Voyage  with  a  fair  Wind,  which  has  continued  ever 
since."  ^ 

From  such  resounding  farewells,  the  Governor  passed  to  re- 
buffs and  disappointments.  His  successor  had  been  named 
before  his  voyage  was  over.  He  found  that  his  summons  to 
England,  "  to  consult  upon  measures  for  carrying  on  the  war," 
was  only  a  way  of  "  letting  him  down  tenderly."  Only  after  long 
seeking  he  received  the  small  appointment  of  Governor  of  the 
Bahamas,  whence  retiring  to  Massachusetts,  he  died,  a  poor  man, 
at  his  former  house  in  Roxbury,  then  the  property  of  his  son-in- 
law,  Judge  Eliakim  Hutchinson,  on  the  eve  of  the  Revolution. 
The  memory  of  his  great  services  was  obscured  by  the  fresher 
glories  of  the  Revolution ;  his  name  is  still  preserved  by  the 
point  in  Boston  Harbor,  which  took  it  instead  of  "  Pulling 
Point,"  and  by  the  town  of  Shirley.^  Wherever  else  forgotten, 
it  should  be  preserved  from  oblivion  by  the  old  church  beneath 
whose  corner-stone  it  is  inscribed. 

Noteworthy  persons  return  to  people  these  ancient  pews. 
Among  them  a  leading  place  belongs  to  Charles  Apthorp, 
Warden  in  1731-32,  1743-44,  treasurer  of  the  Building  Com- 
mittee, and  a  generous  subscriber  to  the  new  church,  born 
in  England  in  1698,  and  descended  from  an  ancient  family  in 
Wales,  —  the  son  of  East  and  Susan  ^  Apthorp.  Coming  to 
New  England  after  his  father's  death,  our  Register  of  Marriages 
records,  "  1726,  Jan.  13,  Charles  Apthorp  and  Grizel  East- 
wicke."  ^     This  happy  and  fruitful   union   knit  him  closely  to 

1  Newsletter,  Sept.  30,  1756.  which  is  embodied  in  the  above  account, 

2  Separated  from  Groton  and  incor-  to  have  been  "of  the  family  of  Lord 
porated,  Jan.  5,  1753.  Ward  of  Bixley,  now  Bexley,  England. 

3  She  is  stated,  in  the  notice  of  Mr.  Her  portrait,  painted  by  Sir  Peter  Lely, 
Apthorp  by  his  great-grandson,  the  late  and  showing  her  to  have  been  remarka- 
Joseph    Coolidge,   in    Bridgman's   "  In-  bly  beautiful,  remains  in  the  family." 
scriptions  on  the  Sepulchral  Monuments  *  John  Eastwicke   had   married   Gri- 
in  the  King's  Chapel   Burial    Ground,"  selda,  daughter  of   Sir  John   Lloyd,  of 


CHURCH    WORTHIES. 


143 


King's  Chapel,  of  which,  as  his  fortune  increased  and  his  chil- 
dren multiphed,  he  became  a  leading  member.  He  prospered 
greatly  in  business  in  times  of  peace,  and  still  more  in  those  of 
war.  During  the  final  struggle  with  France  for  the  conquest 
of  Canada,  Messrs.  Hanbury  and  Thomlinson  were  the  original 
contractors  with  the  Crown  for  supplying  the  army  here  with 
money.  This  firm  having  been  dissolved  by  Mr.  Hanbury's 
death,  a  new  firm  succeeded  to  the  business,  consisting  of  Tre- 
cothick,  Thomlinson,  and  John  Apthorp.  Mr.  Charles  Apthorp 
was  American  agent 
for  the  original  con- 
tractors, the  profits  of 
the  contract  being  un- 
questionably  very 
great,  in  addition  to  the 
prestige  in  other  busi- 
ness which  the  position  gave ;  and  thus,  being  paymaster  and 
commissary  of  the  British  land  and  naval  forces  in  America,  he 
was  intimately  connected  with  the  administration  of  the  great 
public  affairs  of  that  eventful  period. 

It  must  have  been  a  goodly  spectacle  to  see  him  and  his 
excellent  wife,  with  most  of  their  eighteen  children,  fifteen  of 
whom  survived  him,  filling  the  double  pew  in  King's  Chapel, 
Nos.  5  and  22,  running  through  from  aisle  to  aisle. ^     The  large 


Somersetshire,  who  assisted  in  convey- 
ing King  Charles  II.  to  France  after  the 
battle  of  Worcester.  Of  this  family  was 
James  Lloyd,  who  came  to  this  country 
about  1670,  ancestor  of  Senator  James 
Lloyd,  and  whose  son  Henry  married  a 
daughter  of  John  Nelson.  See  Vol.  I. 
pp.  179-182. 

1  Of  this  numerous  family  eleven 
married,  leaving  many  descendants  in 
this  country  and  in  England :  — 

(i)  Charles  Ward  married,  in  New 
York,  Mary  McEvers,  and  had  three 
sons  and  three  daughters,  of  whom  only 
Charlotte  Augusta  had  issue,  having 
married  John  Cornelius  Van  den  Heuvel, 
a  Dutch  gentleman  of  fortune,  who  had 
been  Governor  of  Demerara,  and  had 
settled  in  New  York.  Their  eldest 
daughter  married  John  C,  son  of  Alex- 
ander Hamilton. 

(2)  Grizzell  married  Barlow  Treco- 
thick. 

(3)  Susan  married,  Oct.  8,  1754,  Dr. 
Thomas    Buifinch,    warden    of     King's 


Chapel   after   the   Revolution.     See   p. 
368,  post. 

(4)  John,  who  went  to  England,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  house  of  Thomlin- 
son and  Trecothick.  He  married  (i) 
Alicia  Mann,  of  Windsor,  sister  of  Sir 
Horace  Mann,  British  Minister  at  Flor- 
ence, by  whom  he  had  two  daughters, 
and  after  whose  death,  returning  to  Bos- 
ton, he  married  (2)  Hannah,  daughter 
of  Stephen  Greenleaf,  high  sheriff  of 
Suffolk.  They  were  lost  at  sea  on  a 
voyage  to  Charleston,  S.  C,  leaving  two 
daughters,  and  a  son.  Colonel  John  T. 
Apthorp,  who  had  a  numerous  family, 
having  been  twice  married,  to  Grace 
Foster  and  her  twin  sister  Mary. 

(5)  James,  born  Nov.  17,  1731,  mar- 
ried Sarah  Wentworth,  of  the  family  of 
Wentworth  Manor,  Yorkshire,  to  which 
belonged  the  Earl  of  Strafford. 

(6)  Rev.  East  Apthorp.  See  pp  177, 
241  et  seq.,  post. 

(7)  Ann,  born  Jan.  18,  1735-6,  mar- 
ried  Nathaniel  Wheelwright.     Of  their 


144 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


portraits,  by  Blackburn/  represent  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Apthorp,  in 
1758,  in  habit  as  they  Hved,  —  an  "  elderly  gentleman,  dressed  in 
red  broadcloth,  with  black  silk  stockings,  sitting  in  his  garden 
in  Quincy,  looking  toward  his  house,  and  in  the  background 
a  view  of  the  old  Adams  mansion,"  and  "  a  lady,  dressed  in  a 
changeable  salmon  and  green  silk  robe,  cut  square  in  the  neck, 
the  sleeves  trimmed  with  lace."  But  in  that  same  year  came 
the  summons  to  leave  the  possessions  of  which  he  had  been  a 
faithful  steward. 

"Between  11  and  12  o'Clock  the  same  Night ^  died  here,  aged  60 
years,  the  greatest  and  most  noted  Merchant  on  this  Continent,  Charles 
Apthorp,  Esq.,  of  this  Town,  His  Death  was  very  sudden,  only  com- 
plaining of  being  cold  just  as  he  was  going  to  Bed,  instantly  dropp'd  on 
the  Floor." 

Boston,  November  24.^  "  On  Tuesday  last  were  interred  the  Remains 
of  Charles  Apthorp,  Esq.,  whose  sudden  Death  we  gave  an  Account  of 
in  our  last  Paper.  The  Funeral  was  attended  by  very  many  Gentlemen 
of  Distinction  and  principal  Inhabitants  of  the  Town. 


children,  Catharine  married  the  Rev. 
Professor  Keane  of  the  E.  I.  College, 
Haileybury  ;  Harriette  married  the  Rev. 
Professor  Chevalier  of  Durham  Uni- 
versity; the  Rev.  Charles  married  a 
daughter  of  John  and  Alicia  (Mann) 
Apthorp,  and  was  a  Prebendary  of 
Lincoln. 

(8)  Henry,  born  March  19,  1736,  died 
1762. 

(9)  Stephen,  born  March  10,  1737-S. 

(10)  Joseph,  born  April  22,  1739, 
died  March,  1749-50. 

{11 )  Elizabeth,  born  May  28,  1740, 
married  (i)  James  McEvers,  (2)  Robert 
Bayard,  both  of  New  York. 

(12)  Thomas,  born  Oct.  19,  1741, 
succeeded  his  father  as  paymaster  of 
the  British  forces  in  North  America, 
1758-1776,  when  he  went  to  England, 
and  married  on  a  visit  for  health  to  Lis- 
bon. He  died  in  Ludlow,  Wales,  leav- 
ing one  son. 

(13)  Catherine,  born  Nov.  21,  1742. 

(14)  George,  born  Feb.  2,  1744. 

{15)  Robert,  born  March  2,  1745. 
(These  three  died  young.) 

(16)  Rebecca,  born  June  20,  1746, 
married  Robert  Bayard  of  New  York. 

(17)  William,  born  Feb.  26,  1748, 
married  Mary  Thompson. 

(iS)  Catherine,  born  May  10,  1750, 
died  the  same  day. 


Several  members  of  the  family  are 
commemorated  by  a  son  and  brother  in 
his  sermon  :  "  The  Character  and  Exam- 
ple of  A  Christian  Woman.  A  Discourse 
at  Christ-Chnrch,  Cambridge,  on  the  death 
of  Rlrs.  Annie  Wheelwright.  By  East 
Apthorp,  M.  A.,  Missionary  at  Cam- 
bridge. Placide  quiescas ;  nosque,  do- 
mum  tuam,  ab  infirmo  desiderio  et  mulie- 
bribus  lamentis,  ad  contemplationem  vir- 
tutum  tuarum  voces  ;  quas  neque  lugeri 
neque  plangi  fas  est ;  ...  is  verus  honos, 
ea  conjunctissimi  cujusque  pietas.  Tacit 
vit.  Agric.  Boston,  MDCCLXIV. 

"  Charles  Apthorp,  Esq.,  died  at  Bos- 
ton, II  Nov.  MDCCLVII,  aged  LX 
years.  Air.  Henry  Apthorp,  died  at 
Bristol  in  Eng.  12  Aug.  MDCCLXII, 
aged  XXV.  Mrs.  Alicia  Apthorp,  wife 
of  John  Apthorp,  Esq.,  died  at  Gibral- 
ter  20  Oct.  MDCCLXIII,  aged  about 
XXIV. 

''Mrs.  Wheehuright  died  18  April, 
MDCCLXIV,  at  the  age  of  XXVIII 
years  and  HI  months." 

1  Now  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  W. 
B.  Swett,  a  great-great-grandson,  by 
whose  permission  the  heliotype  is  given 
here.  See  remarks  of  Mr.  A.  T.  Per- 
kins  in   Mass.    Hist.   Soc.   Proc,    1878, 

P-  385- 

2  Newsletter,  Nov.  16  and  Nov.  24, 

I7S8- 


CHURCH    WORTHIES.  I45 

"  The  Streets  and  Windows  of  the  Houses,  as  the  Solemnity  passed 
along,  were  throng'd  with  Spectators,  whom  his  Beneficence  and  exten- 
sive Employ,  his  punctual  and  honourable  Methods  of  Dealing,  and  his 
civil  Deportment  to  all,  had  interested  and  drawn  together  as  Partners 
in  the  Loss,  and  Friends  to  his  Memory.  The  Corps  was  carried  into 
King's  Chappel,  under  which  it  was  to  be  deposited,  and  the  Rebuilding 
of  which  his  steady  Counsels,  his  Credit,  his  Influence  and  Bounty 
greatly  facilitated. 

"  After  the  proper  Service  the  Reverend  Mr.  Caner  preach'd  a  suit- 
able Sermon  to  a  crowded  Audience,  and  concluded  with  a  handsome 
Character  of  the  Deceased  ;  —  The  Justness  of  which  was  obvious  to  all, 
for  it  must  be  confessed  that,  as  a  truly  valuable  Member  of  Society, 
Mr.  Apthorp  has  left  few  Equals  among  us,  none  superiour." 

The  words  which  his  minister  spoke  concerning  him  were 
just  and  fit:  ^  — 

"  He  was  a  member  of  the  Society  established  in  England  by  royal 
charter  for  propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  foreign  parts ;  A  member  and 
treasurer  of  the  charitable  Society  in  this  Town  :  A  member  of  the  soci- 
ety for  encouraging  industry  and  employing  the  poor;  —  And  upon  all 
occasions  discovered  a  chearful  readiness  to  contribute  to  any  charitable, 
or  any  publick  useful  design  that  was  recommended  to  him. 

"  While  he  continued  with  us,  he  was  a  lively  example  of  many  excel- 
lent virtues,  and  a  great  encourager  of  them  in  others.  He  studied,  as 
the  Apostle  advises,  to  be  quiet,  and  to  mind  his  own  business^  and  left 
others  to  the  management  of  theirs  ;  which  gave  him  the  felicity  of  com- 
plying with  another  branch  of  apostolick  advice, —  '  as  much  as  possible  to 
live  peaceably  with  all  men. ^  His  'candour,  simplicity  in  his  oeconomy,' 
as  a  good  husband  and  father,  are  praised.  In  the  conduct  of  his  domes- 
tick  affairs,  wise,  hospitable,  and  prudent.  He  was  sincere  and  plain- 
hearted  in  his  discourse  and  professions,  making  it  a  rule  never  to  promise 
any  thing  but  what  he  intended  exacdy  to  perform.  .  .  .  In  his  honour  he 
was  unspotted,  just  and  upright  in  his  dealings,  and  faithful  to  his  trusts. 

"  But  his  religion  was  the  most  open  of  all  his  professions.  To  this 
he  was  a  sincere  friend  ;  and  as  his  fortune  and  interest  in  the  world 
enabled  him  to  give  great  countenance  and  support  to  it,  so  his  liberal 
donations  this  way  are  a  testimony  how  much  his  heart  was  in  it.  .  .  . 

"  His  religion  was  not  suited  to  the  times,  that  he  might  make  a  gain 
of  godliness ;  but,  as  it  was  said  of  M?iason  in  the  Acts,  he  was  an  old, 

1  "  The  Nature  and  Necessity  of  an  -  "  Of  Charles  Apthorp  it  is  written, 

Habitual    Preparation  for   Death   and  that  he  studied  to  mind  his  own  busi- 

JuDGMENT.     Nemo  diu  tutus  est,  peri-  ness,  —  a  circumstance  so  rare  as  to  well- 

culo  proximus,  etc.     Matt.  xxiv.  44, —  nigh   deserve    canonization."  —  Drake's 

Be  ye  also  ready."     Sermon  on  the  death  Historic  Fields  of  Middlesex,  p.  273. 
of   Charles  Apthorp,  Boston,  Nov.   21, 
1758. 

VOL.    II. —  10 


146  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

try'd,  steadfast  disciple  and  son  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  he  took 
great  pains  and  used  his  best  endeavours  to  educate  his  children  and 
family  in  a  strict  adherence  to  it,  as  that  which  he  himself  was  firmly 
persuaded  of,  and  found  much  comfort  in.  .  .  .  His  religion  was  void 
of  ostentation,  and  especially  his  charity.  .  .  . 

"  But  tho'  he  was  immovable  in  his  profession,  yet  he  was  far  from 
bitterness  or  uncharitable  censures  towards  others,  and  agreeably  he 
lived  upon  a  very  friendly  foot  with  people  from  whom  he  differed  widely 
in  religious  sentiments.  In  short,  he  was  a  publick  good,  and  is  uni- 
versally acknowledged  and  lamented  as  a  publick  loss." 

This  tribute  was  echoed  from  a  pulpit  which  seldom  sounded 
a  note  in  accord  with  that  of  the  King's  Chapel.  Rev.  Jona- 
than Mayhew  ^  spoke  of  the  death  of 

"  Charles  Apthorp,  Esq.,  a  merchant  of  the  first  rank  on  the  con- 
tinent. ...  It  may  be  justly  apprehended  that  many  people  have  been 
taken  out  of  the  world  as  suddenly,  tho'  far  less  prepared,  than  the 
person  alluded  to  above,  who  was  generally  esteemed  an  upright  man, 
and  a  sincere  friend  to  religion." 

A  beautiful  monument,^  by  Henry  Cheere,  of  London,  on 
which  a  marble  cherub  weeps  over  a  funeral  urn,  commemo- 
rates his  virtues :  — 

M.  S. 

Caroli  Apthorp, 

Qui 

Paterfamilias  prudens  et  liberalis, 

Mercator  integerrimus, 

Insigni  probitate  civis. 

Inter  hujus  sedis  instauratores 

Precipue  munificus, 

Sincera  fide  et  larga  caritate 

Christianus, 

Obiit  sexagenarius 

XI  Novembr,  MDCCLVIII, 

Repentina 

Et  suis  immatura 

Morte  pra^reptus. 

Ne 

Tantarum  virtutum 

Memoria  et  exemplum 

Obsoleret, 

Vidua  et  XV  Liberi 

Superstites 

Hoc  marmor 

Amoris  et  pietatis  monumentum 

PP. 

1  Discourse  II.  on  the  Duty  of  His  Majesty's  Arms  and  those  of  the 
Religious  Thankfuhiess,  Nov.  23,  1758,     King  of  Prussia. 

on  Public  Thanksgiving  for  Success  of  2  ^  heliotype  will  be  found  opposite 

p.  /\.66,^ost. 


¥■ 


CHURCH    WORTHIES.  I47 

His  honored  lady  long  survived  him,  departing  at  last  at  a 
great  old  age,  in  1796,  followed  by  like  praises  and  blessings, 
which  testified  to  the  virtues  which  her  Church  had  nourished 
from  youth  to  age.     A  contemporary  notice  records :  — 

"  Died  on  Wednesday  morning,  at  the  house  of  her  son,  James  Ap- 
thorp,  Esq.,  at  Quincy,  Madam  Grizzel  Apthorp,  in  the  88"'  year  of  her 
age,  widow  of  the  late  Charles  Apthorp,  Esq.,  a  very  eminent  merchant 
of  this  town.  In  surveying  the  draught  of  this  virtuous  and  amiable 
character,  piety  appears  without  its  kindred  shade,  austerity ;  charity, 
unalloyed  by  ostentation  ;  and  the  devotion  of  the  cloister,  blended  with 
the  grace  and  manners  of  the  world.  So  unexceptionable  was  her  deport- 
ment in  every  relation  of  life,  though  she  remained  near  a  century  upon 
its  theatre,  and  passed  through  the  successive  empires  of  beauty  and 
fortune,  envy  never  dared  to  utter  a  lisp,  or  slander  to  forge  a  dart 
against  her  fame.  As  a  daughter  of  Virtue,  she  received  from  Heaven 
its  promised  blessing,  of  length  of  days ;  from  the  Earth,  the  blessing  of 
her  who  was  ready  to  perish,  with  none  to  help  her,  came  upon  her.  Her 
funeral  will  be  from  the  house  of  Dr.  Bulfinch,  Bowdoin  Square." 

A  conspicuous  figure  is  that  of  Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner,^ 
Warden  1756-59,  1762-75.  His  family  is  one  of  those  which 
have  a  prescriptive  right  to  coat-armor.  Joseph  Gardiner,  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  Narragansett,  was  the  American  ancestor 
of  the  family.  His  son  was  Benoni  Gardiner,  whose  son  Wil- 
liam, born  1 67 1,  married  Abigail  Remington.  He  was  a  man 
of  handsome  property  and  good  position.  At  his  death  (1732) 
he  left  four  sons  and  three  daughters.^     The  fourth  son,    Sil- 

1  For  permission  to  use  the  engrav-  1737  ;    James,   baptized   Sept.   9,    1739, 

ing   from    Copley's    fine    portrait,   first  died   young  ;    Annie,    baptized   May   3, 

published   in  Bartlett's   "  Frontier  Mis-  1741,  married  Colonel  the   Right  Hon. 

sionary,"    I   am   indebted  to   the  cour-  Arthur  Browne,  second  son  of  the  Earl 

tesy  of  the  late  R.  H.  Gardiner,  Esq.,  of  Altamont ;  Hannah,  baptized  July  27, 

and,  for  much  documentary  material  con-  1743,   married    Robert    Hollovvell,    and 

cerning  Dr.  Gardiner  and  his  family,  to  had,  among  other  children,  a  son  who 

Mrs.  Margaret  A.  Elton,  also  a  descen-  took  the  name  of  Robert  Hollowell  Gar- 

dant.      See    also    notices    in    Updike's  diner,  who  married  Emma  Jane  Tudor, 

"Narragansett    Church,"    pp.  120-122;  from  whom  descended  the  Gardiners  of 

"Heraldic   Journal,"   iv.    97-102;    and  Gardiner,  Me. ;  Rebecca,  baptized  April 

a  sketch   of    his   early  life,   by   Esther  17,  1745,  married,  Dec.  15,  1762,  Philip 

B.   Carpenter,  in  "  Old  and  New,"  Sep-  Dumaresq,  grandson  of  Elias  Dumaresq, 

tember,   1S74.  Seigneur  des  Ajigres  in  the  Island  of  Jer- 

He   was    thrice    married,  —  first,    to  sey;  Thomas,  baptized  April   10,  1747, 

Anna  Gibbons,  by  whom  he  had  eight  died  young;  Abigail,  baptized  Aug.   I, 

children  ;    second,   to   Abigail    Epps,   of  1750,  married  Oliver  Whipple. 
Virginia;  his  third  wife  was  Catherine  '^  John,  William,  Thomas,  Sylvester. 

Goldthwaite,  who  survived  him,  and  after-  Abigail  married,   first,    Caleb    Hazard; 

wards  married   Mr.  Powell,  of  Boston,  second,  Gov.  William  Robinson.     Han- 

His    children    were    William,   baptized  nah   married    Rev.   James    McSparran, 

June   27,1736;  John,  baptized  Dec.  11,  D.D.     Lydia  married  Josiah  Arnold. 


148  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

vester,  born  in  the  family  mansion  in  South  Kingston  in  1707, 
is  said  by  tradition  to  have  been  unapt  for  the  life  of  a  landed 
proprietor  which  he  would  have  inherited.  The  discerning  eye 
of  his  brother-in-law,  Rev,  Dr.  McSparran/  read  the  promise 
in  his  seeming  dulness,  and  the  good  clergyman  persuaded  his 
father  to  give  him  a  liberal  education,  deducting  the  expenses 
from  his  share  of  the  paternal  estate.  He  passed  eight  years 
in  London  and  Paris  in  the  study  of  medicine.  His  religious 
principles  carried  him  safely  through  the  licentiousness  of 
French  society  in  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Louis  XV. 
The  open  profligacy  which  he  witnessed  gave  him  such  a  dis- 
like of  the  nation  that,  in  after  life,  he  would  not  consent  that 
his  children  should  learn  the  French  language,  lest  their  minds 
should  be  corrupted  by  the  literature  of  that  country.  He  be- 
gan the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Boston,  "  where  he  also 
lectured  on  anatomy,  which  he  illustrated  by  preparations 
brought  from  Europe.  His  enterprise  led  him  to  establish  an 
apothecary's  shop,  in  which  he  carried  on  an  extensive  whole- 
sale and  retail  trade.  His  career  as  a  physician  and  surgeon 
was  attended  with  remarkable  success,  and  he  soon  acquired 
from  his  profession  both  fame  and  fortune.  .  .  .  About  this 
time  there  were  in  Europe  two  schools  of  medical  practice, 
,  .  .  the  Galenists  prescribing  vegetable  substances  alone.  .  .  . 
The  other  school  adopted  the  doctrines  of  Paracelsus,  and  gave 
'  chemical '  medicines,  which  included  mineral  substances  and 
a  few  of  the  most  active  vegetable  compounds."  ^ 

The  "  Boston  Gazette"  of  June  19,  1744,  announces:  — 

"  To  be  Sold  by  Mr.  Sylvester  Gardiner,  At  the  Sign  of  the  Unicorn 
ajid  Mortar  in  Marlborough-Street,  All  Sorts  of  Drugs  and  Medicines, 
both  Chymical  and  Galenical,"  etc.,  etc. 

^  Of  Dr.   McSparran,  much   can  be  James  McSparran,  D.  D.,  arrived  as  a 

read  in  Updike.     His   name    is   associ-  missionary    at     Narragansett    in    1720, 

ated  in  New  England  ecclesiastical  his-  and  commenced  his  work  at  St.  Paul's 

tory  with  the  famous  case  of  the  church  Church,  Kingston.     In  1722  he  married 

lands    in    the    Petaquamscut    Purchase  Hannah,  daughter  of  William  Gardiner, 

(South   Kingston),  from   which    he   en-  Esq.     Dr.  McSparran  was  a  voluminous 

deavored   to   oust  Rev.  Mr.  Torrey  by  and  powerful  writer,  and,  as  a  preacher, 

legal   proceedings   lasting   nearly  thirty  exceedingly    eloquent    and    persuasive, 

years.    See  Vol.  I.  p.  466.     "  Mrs.  James  He  received  the  degree  of  '  D.  D.'  from 

McSparran    is   represented    as    a    very  the   University   of   Glasgow.     His   por- 

handsome  woman.     Her  hair,  which  is  trait   represents   him   as   a   fine-looking 

dark  brown,  is  dressed  without  powder,  man   of  about   forty-five   years   of   age. 

with  a  long  curl  falling  upon  her  shoul-  He    wears   a  black    silk    gown,    white 

der.      Her   eyes,   which   are   dark,   are  bands,  and  a  white  wig."  —  Mass.  Hist. 

particularly  fine.    She  is  dressed  in  blue.  Soc.  Proc ,  1S78,  p.  397. 

Mrs.  McSparran  was  always  remarkable  ^  y>x.  S.  A.  Green's  "Centennial  Ad- 

for  her  beauty,  and  was  known  by  the  dress  before  the  Massachusetts  Medical 

sobriquet  of  '  handsome  Hannah.'    Rev.  Society." 


CHURCH    WORTHIES. 


149 


Dr.  Gardiner  "  put  up  a  hospital  during  the  French  war  for 
sick  and  wounded  sailors."  Besides  this  he  engaged  largely  in 
mercantile  ventures,  and  acquired,  for  those  times,  what  was 
called  an  immense  estate. 

The  opportunities  for  large  investments  of  capital  in  that  day- 
were  limited  to  mercantile  ventures  and  Eastern  lands,  which 
filled  the  place  now  held  by  Western  railroads  and  mortgages. 
Dr.  Gardiner  became  one  of  the  largest  operators,  having  joined 
the  "  Plymouth  Proprietors,"  and  was  deeply  engaged  in  the 
enterprise  in  these  years,  so  that  it  may  have  been  hard  to 
banish  from  his  mind  the  visions  of  a  more  than  baronial  estate, 
even  as  he  sat  in  the  new  church.  The  original  grant  of  these 
lands,  from  the  Council  of  Plymouth  in  the  county  of  Devon, 
had  been  to  William  Bradford  and  others,  of  New  Plymouth, 
January,  1628,  embracing  a  large  tract  of  fifteen  hundred  thou- 
sand acres  on  the  Kennebec.  The  patent  was  sold,  Oct.  27, 
1661,  to  Antipas  Boyes  and  others,  for  four  hundred  pounds 
sterling.  The  title  remained  dormant.  There  were  many 
squatters  on  the  land,  but  it  was  not  till  1749,  during  the  short 
interval  of  peace,  that  the  proprietors  organized  measures  for 
their  settlement.  They  were  incorporated  in  June,  1753.  Dr. 
Gardiner  was  made  perpetual  moderator  of  their  meetings. 
North  ^  claims  that  he  was  not  the  leading  spirit  in  the  man- 
agement of  the  company,  but  that  Bowdoin,  Temple,  and  the 
Hancocks  were  its  most  influential  members ;  but  certainly  no 
one  has  left  so  deep  a  mark  on  what  is  now  the  State  of  Maine 
as  he.  Mr.  Bailey,  preaching  there  in  1763  as  an  Episcopalian 
missionary,  found  some  of  the  people  "  the  greatest  bigots  in 
the  land  against  the  Church  of  England."  Having  built,  with 
Dr.  Gardiner's  assistance,  a  church  and  parsonage  at  Pownal- 
borough,  the  very  title  to  the  land  was  questioned.  Our  War- 
den, "  at  his  own  personal  expense,  built  houses  and  cleared 
farms,  which  he  well  stocked,  at  the  Chops  of  Merrymeeting 
Bay  and  Lynd's  Island,  Pittston,  W^inslow,  and  Pownalboro', 
at  the  latter  of  which  places  he  built  mills.  The  tract  of  land 
near  the  Cobbosee  Contee  River  was  obtained  by  him  of  his 
associates  in  December,  1754,  but  the  war  postponed  the  settle- 
ment till  1760.  He  built  houses,  dams,  and  mills  at  this  place, 
now  Gardiner,  and  advanced  to  the  settlers  a  large  sum,  most 
of  which  was  never  repaid  to  him."  ^ 

1  History  of  Augusta,  p.  290.  "  Dr.    Sylvester    Gardiner     erected, 

2  Bartlett's  Frontier  Missionary,  pp.  at  his  own  expense,  a  church  and  par- 
290,  291  (App.).  sonage    in    Gardinerston  in    1772.     The 


150  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

The  Revolution  caused  the  confiscation  of  lands  of  several  of 
the  proprietors.  After  a  long  contest  in  the  courts,  the  squat- 
ters were  finally  confirmed  in  possession.  By  all  this  no  one 
would  suffer  more  than  Dr.  Gardiner,  as  none  had  more  to 
lose.  His  real  estate  confiscated,  in  Maine  alone,  amounted  to 
more  than  one  hundred  thousand  acres  of  land.  The  story  of 
the  ruin  wrought  by  that  tremendous  cataclysm  in  the  fortunes 
of  many  of  his  fellow-worshippers  belongs  to  a  later  period  in 
our  annals ;  it  was  undreamed  of  in  those  days  of  the  "  Old 
French  War,"  which  were  filled  for  him  with  great  affairs, 
among  which  the  interests  of  his  Church  had  a  leading  place. 
Few  persons  in  that  pre-Revolutionary  epoch  are  more  clearly 
visible  to  us  than  this  able,  energetic  man,  who  combined 
professional  and  business  success.  All  this  is  written  in  his 
portrait,  which  also  shows  a  man  of  gentle  breeding,  hand- 
some, more  used  to  command  than  to  obey.  He  was  a  lover, 
as  well  as  a  pillar,  of  his  Church.  One  who  knew  Dr.  Gar- 
diner well  says :  "  Believing  the  observances  enjoined  by  the 
Church  to  be  eminently  calculated  to  afford  spiritual  sus- 
tenance to  the  soul,  and  to  keep  alive  the  spirit  of  piety, 
he  strictly  observed  all  its  ordinances,  its  festivals  and  fasts, 
and  on  the  greater  fasts  spent  the  whole  day,  excepting  what 
was  occupied  by  family  and  public  worship,  in  the  retirement 
of  his  closet."  ^ 

Among  the  sacred  privacies  which  have  survived,  to 
disclose  the  religious  habits  of  that  elder  generation,  is 
the  "covenant"  of  Dr.  Gardiner's  daughter,  Mrs.  Abigail 
Whipple :  — 

"The  Lord  hath  appeard  unto  me,  saying,  I  have  loved  thee  with 
an  everlasting  Love.  Therefore  with  loving  Kindness  have  I  drawn 
thee.  And  now  what  shall  hinder  but  that  at  length  with  the  deepest 
humility  and  self  abasement  I  should,  in  the  presence  of  God  the  Father, 
the  Son,  and  the  Spirit,  and  in  the  presence  of  all  the  Elect  angels, 
pursue  the  ends  of  that  Covenant,  to  which  I  am  this  day  called  and 
sweetly  invited,  etc.     Oct.  i,  1802." 

church  had  a  spire,  but  was  unfinished  the  church  edifice.  In  1803  that  part  of 
at  the  time  of  the  Revolution.  In  1793  Pittston  lying  on  the  west  side  of  the 
a  Parish  was  incorporated  by  the  name  Kennebec  River  was  incorporated  into  a 
of  the  Episcopal  Society  in  Pittston,  new  town  by  the  name  of  Gardiner.  .  .  . 
that  name  having  been  previously  given  About  181 7  an  act  was  obtained  chan- 
to  the  town,  which  had  been  incorpo-  ging  the  name  of  the  Parish  to  Christ 
rated,  embracing  lands  on  both  sides  of  Church,  Gardiner."  —  Ibid.,  p.  284. 
the  Kennebec  River.  As  soon  as  the  1  Quoted  in  Bartlett's  Frontier  Mis- 
Parish  was  incorporated,  the  executors  sionary,  p.  292  (App.). 
of  Dr.  Gardiner  proceeded  to  complete 


CHURCH    WORTHIES.  I5I 

This  was  renewed  every  year,  with  a  seal.  She  was  raised 
up  in  bed,  at  her  request,  a  few  days  previous  to  her  death, 
that  she  might  sign  and  add  her  seal,  and  wrote : 

"  Through  Divine  Grace  have  been  enabled  to  renew  my  Covenant 
with  my  God  this  9th  day  of  July,  1827." 

Such  was  the  religion  nurtured  in  the  kindly  shelter  of  King's 
Chapel  in  the  olden  time. 

The  Hon.  John  Read  ^  was  an  eminent  lawyer  from  1722  to 
1749.     Born  in  Connecticut  in   1680,  he  graduated  from  Har- 
vard College  in    1697,  entered  the  min- 
istry of  the  established   Congregational      /#II^_X7 
Church,  and  in  1703  was  settled  in  Strat-      §//li/\£.^Cu4i^__^ 
ford,  Conn. ;  but  in  1706  the  Rev.  George   /  J^ 

Muirson,    the    Episcopal    clergyman    of 

Rye,  N.  Y.,  on  a  missionary  journej^  "  though  threatened  with 
prison  and  hard  usage,"  found  in  him  a  receptive  spirit.  "  The 
Congregational  society  in  Stratford  was  rocked  to  its  centre,  .  .  . 
for  Mr.  Read  .  .  .  was  so  far  from  being  horrified  by  Episcopacy 
that  he  early  manifested  a  friendship  for  its  doctrines  and  wor- 
ship, and  expressed  willingness  to  receive  holy  orders  if  pro- 
vision could  be  made  for  himself  and  his  family."  ^ 

Colonel  Heathcote  also  wrote  of  him  to  the  Society  for  the 
Propagation  of  the  Gospel  as  "a  very  ingenious  gentleman  .  .  . 
who  is  very  inclinable  to  come  over  to  our  church ;  and  if  the 
charge  can  be  dispensed  with,  he  is  well  worth  the  gaining, 
being  by  much  the  most  ingenious  man  they  have  amongst 
them,  and  would  be  very  capable  to  serve  the  church."  He 
never  went  to  England  for  orders,  but  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law,  then  new  in  New  England.  "  '  My  knowledge  of  the 
law  cost  me  seven  years'  hard  study  in  that  great  chair,'  said 
John  Read,  who  had  as  great  a  genius  and  became  as  eminent 
as  any  man,"  are  the  words  of  the  elder  President  Adams.  He 
married  Ruth,  daughter  of  Lieut. -Col.  John  Talcott,  of  Hart- 
ford, Conn,^  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1708,  was  appointed 
Queen's  Attorney  for  Connecticut  in  1712,  a  commissioner  for 
that  Colony  on  the  boundary  between  it  and  New  York  in  17 19, 

1  See  "  Sketch  of  the  Life  of  the  Hon.  ^  They  had  two  sons  and  four  daugh- 

John  Read  of  Boston,    1 722-1749,"   by  ters.      The   eldest   son,    Colonel    John, 

GeorgeB.  Read, Boston, 1879;  Washburn,  lived  at  Reading,  Conn.,  a  town  named 

"Judicial  History  of  Mass.,"  pp.  207-209;  for  his  father,  was  "a  leading  man  in 

Eliot's  "  Biographical  Dictionary."  that  colony,  noted  for  his  public  spirit, 

-  Beardsley,   History  of  the  Episco-  patriotism,  and  piety." 
pal  Church  in  Connecticut,  i.  21. 


152  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

and  in  1720  one  of  the  commissioners  who  met  at  Boston  to  con- 
sider the  means  of  recovering  the  credit  of  the  paper  money. 
This  was  soon  followed  by  his  removal  here  in  1722,  and  his 
election  by  the  Legislature  as  Attorney-General  of  Massachu- 
setts. His  practice  was  large  and  lucrative.  He  was  eminent 
in  the  science  of  special  pleading.  A  part  of  his  large  estate 
was  in  lands  and  townships.  He  was  "  the  first  lawyer  ever 
chosen  a  member  of  the  General  Court,"  to  which  he  was  elected 
in  1738,  and  a  member  of  the  Governor's  Council  in  1 741— 1742. 
"  While  he  sat  at  that  board  he  was  their  oracle,  and  was  emi- 
nently useful  to  the  country.  .  .  .  As  a  legislator  he  was  con- 
spicuous, .  .  .  too  independent  and  enlightened  for  a  lover  of 
prerogative,  and  too  honest  for  a  leader  of  faction."  A  de- 
scendant has  gathered  up  the  tributes  to  him  of  Hutchinson, 
"  as  a  very  eminent  lawyer,  and,  what  is  more,  a  person  of  great 
integrity  and  firmness  of  mind ;  "  of  John  Adams,  who  calls 
him  "that  great  Gamaliel;  "  and  of  James  Otis,  who  said  "he 
was  the  greatest  common  lawyer  this  country  ever  saw." 

His  home  in  Boston  was,  first,  on  the  site  of  the  present 
American  House  in  Hanover  Street,  which,  with  other  prop- 
erty, he  conveyed,  in  1738,  to  his  "loving  son  William,  gentle- 
man, in  consideration  of  my  natural  love  and  aff"ection,  and  for 
his  advancement  in  the  world,"  and  afterward  in  Queen,  now 
Court  Street,  on  the  site  of  the  present  Minot  Building. 

Such  a  man  was  fitly  held  in  honor  in  his  church,  of  which 
he  was  a  warden  in  173 5-1 736.  His  character — the  weight 
and  dignity  of  which  were  only  partially  expressed  by  his 
modest  motto,  "  Sobrius  esto  "  —  gave  it  lustre,  and  his  legal 
skill  was  freely  called  to  its  service. 

"  He  was  the  pride  of  the  bar,  the  light  of  the  law,  and  chief  among 
the  wise,  the  witty,  and  the  eloquent.  .  .  .  He  reduced  the  quaint,  re- 
dundant, and  obscure  phraseology  of  the  English  deeds  of  conveyance 
to  their  present  short,  clear,  and  simple  forms.  .  .  .  His  method  of 
managing  causes,  his  terse  arguments,  his  cutting  irony,  his  witticisms, 
and  his  good  nature  were  well  known  to  that  generation  of  lawyers,  to 
whom  Gridley,  Trowbridge,  and  Pynchon  belonged.  .  .  .  Everything 
said  of  him  went  to  show  his  genius,  his  learning,  sagacity,  eccentricity, 
integrity,  and  benevolence."  ^ 

Death  had  removed  him,  Feb.  7,  1749,  before  the  corner- 
stone of  the  new  church  was  laid,  but  he  was  succeeded  in  it 

1  Knapp,  "  Biographical  Sketches  of  of  Letters,"  quoted  in  Mr.  George  B. 
Eminent  Lawyers,  Statesmen,  and  Men     Read's  "  Sketch,"  etc. 


CHURCH    WORTHIES.  I  53 

by  his  second  son,  William,  who,  born  in  1710,  had  come  to 
Boston  with  him  in  1722,  and,  studying  law,  had  entered  the 
same  profession,  in  which  he  also  rose  to  distinction,  and  be- 
came a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Admiralty  in  1766,  of  the  Superior 
Court  in  1770,  and  was  one  of  the  five  judges  appointed  by  the 
Council  in  1775.      He  never  married,  and  died  in  1780. 

Mr.  Read's  rival  and  fellow-parishioner  had  preceded  him. 
This  was  John  Overing,  "  allied  to  the  noble  family  of  Lord  St. 
John  Bolingbroke,  who  came  to  Boston  in  1720  and  lived  in 
School  Street.  He  married  Henrietta,  daughter  of  Judge  Robert 
Auchmuty,  by  whom  he  had  an  only  daughter,  Elizabeth,  who 
married  Dr.  John  Wilson,  of  Hopkinton,  in  1750.  He  was  a 
remarkably  fluent  and  agreeable  speaker,  and  was  attorney- 
general  at  intervals  from  1733  to  the  time  of  his  death  in 
1748." 

There  was  a  controversy  between  the  Governor  and  the  House 
as  to  the  power  of  choosing  this  officer,  in  which  he  and  Mr. 
Read  were  the  respective  candidates.^ 

A  tinge  of  poetry,  and  memories  of  family  adventures  stranger 
than  fiction,  in  the  flight  from  France,  for  the  faith's  sake,  after 
the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  were  mingled  with  those 
of  this  prosperous  congregation  of  English  blood  by  such 
names  as  General  Paul  Mascarene  and  his  son  John,  Francis 
and  Andrew  Johonnot,  and  Lewis  and  Gilbert  Deblois.  The 
emigrant  ancestors  of  these  families  had  clung  together  at  first. 
A  colony  of  them  settled  the  town  of  Oxford,  and  those  who 
remained  in  Boston  had  a  church  of  their  own  in  School  Street, 
the  nearest  neighbor  to  King's  Chapel,  for  more  than  two  gen- 
erations;  but  it  was '*  sold  in  1748,  having  had  no  services  for 
years.  It  became  a  question  with  these  Huguenot  descendants, 
as  the  Faneuils,  Boutineaus,  Johonnots,  Oliviers,  where  to  wor- 
ship God.  Several  went  to  the  Episcopal  Church.  Thus  they 
clung  to  the  common  element,  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  and 
escaped,  like  Saurin  at  the  Hague,  from  the  super-sulphuret- 
ted vapors  of  primitive  Calvinism."  ^     Among  them  was  Peter 

1  Washburn's    Judicial     History    of  It   passed   later   to   the    Catholics,   and 

Massachusetts,     p.    206,    and     Nason's  Mass  was  performed   in  it  for  the  first 

Franklaiid,  p.  25.  time  Nov.  2,  178S,  b}'  a  Romish  priest." 

-  Dealings  with  the  Dead,  i.  546.   The  Mr.    C.   C.    Smith's   chapter   on    "  The 

French    Huguenot  church  was  sold   in  French  Protestants  in  Boston,"  in  "Me- 

1748  to  the  "New  Light"  congregation  morial  History  of  Boston,"  ii.  254.    Later 

of  Rev.  Mr.  Croswell,  "for  the  sole  use  it  was  the  site  of  the  First  Universalist 

of  a  Protestant  Church  forever,  the  num-  Church    until    that   society   removed   to 

ber  of  male  communicants  and  subscrib-  Columbus  Avenue, 
ers  having  been  reduced  to  about  seven. 


154 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


Chardon,^  a  prominent  merchant  of  the  Huguenot  stock,  whose 
son  of  the  same  name  seemed  to  John  Adams  "  on  the  direct- 
est  road  to  superiority  "  of  the  young  men  in  Boston.  Thus 
the  element  of  French  descent  in  the  congregation  comprised 
soldier,  distiller,  and  merchants.  Still  another  nationality  was 
represented  here  by  Martin  Brimmer,  "  Staymaker,"  of  German 
descent,  having  been  born  near  Hamburg. 

Here,  too,  was  John  Powell,  whose  wife  Anne  was  sister  of 
Jeremiah  Dummer,  agent  of  the  colony  in  England,  and  of 
Lieut.-Gov,  William  Dummer,  who  left  no  children,  and  be- 
queathed most  of  his  estate  to  her  children,  besides  endowing 
Dummer  Academy ;  and  Isaac  Greenwood,  son  of  the  professor 
of  mathematics  of  the  same  name  in  Harvard  College,  and 
grandfather  of  the  revered  Dr.  Francis  William  Pitt  Greenwood, 
later  minister  of  the  Church ;  and  Matthew  Nazro,  son  of  the 
father  of  the  same  name,  who  was  buried  Feb.  28,  1739-40. 

An  excellent  member  of  the  parish  was  Major  John  Box, 
Warden  from  1746  to  1754.  He  married  Lydia,  daughter  of 
Elisha  Story ,2  about  1735.  A  notice  of  him^  is  copied  in  the 
Register  of  Burials  :  — 


1  The  Register  of  Marriages  records  : 
1750,  September  2,  Peter  Chardon  and 
Mary  Alleyne.     Both  of  Boston. 

-  I  am  indebted  to  the  late  Mrs. 
George  W.  Pratt,  a  descendant,  for  the 
following  facts :  — 

Mrs.  Lydia  (Story)  Box  was  a  de- 
scendant of  John  Eddie,  or  Eddye,  who 
was  son  of  Rev.  William  Eddie,  of 
Crambrook,  Kent  Co.,  England.  John 
Eddie,  born  in  1595,  arrived  at  Plymouth 
in  the  "  Handmaid,"  Captain  Grant, 
Oct.  29,  1630,  and  settled  in  Watertown, 
Mass.,  admitted  freeman  in  1634,  was 
selectman  1635,  1636,  and  1639,  died 
Oct.  12,  1684,  aged  ninety  years.  His 
first  wife,  Amy,  was  the  mother  of  his 
children;  his  second  wife,  Joanna,  had 
no  children.  Li  his  will,  proved  in  1684, 
he  mentions  two  sons  and  four  daugh- 
ters. The  second  daughter,  Sara,  mar- 
ried John  Marion  ;  she  was  born  in 
England,  and  was  brought  to  America 
at  five  years  of  age.  Her  sisters  were 
Mary,  Pilgrim,  and  Ruth  ;  she  had  rea- 
son to  be  proud  of  all  her  family  con- 
nections,—  Marions,  Storys,  and  many 
others  of  note. 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Box  were  buried  in  his 
tomb  in  King's  Chapel  burying  ground. 
Their  children  were  John,  born  Oct.  5, 
1737;  Lydia,  born  March  4,  1738  or 
1739;  Elisha,  born  April  11,  1740;  Ann, 
born  March  4,  1741 ;  Lydia,  born  April 
24,  1745;  Sarah,  born  Oct.  25,  1747; 
Ann,  born  Nov.  22,  1749.  These  were 
all  christened  at  King's  Chapel  ;  but 
only   Sarah    and    Lydia   survived    him. 

Sarah    married   Davis,   and    died 

without  issue.  Lydia  married  William 
Hoskins,  "  a  much  respected  and  wealthy 
merchant,"  June  12,  1764,  and  her  chil- 
dren were  John  Box  Hoskins,  baptized 
April  17,  1765,  died  May,  1765;  William 
Hoskins,  baptized  July  23,  1766;  Rich- 
ard, baptized  April  6, 1770 ;  Henry  Quin- 
cy,  baptized  August,  1773  ;  Susanna,  bap- 
tized Nov.  25,  1776;  Charles  Chauncey, 
baptized  1778.  Rev.  Dr.  Chauncey  was 
a  relative,  as  was  also  Rev.  Dr.  Cooper. 
Mary  Box  was  married,  by  Rev.  Henry 
Caner,  to  Richard  Killings,  March,  1764 ; 
Sarah  Box  was  married,  by  Rev.  Mr. 
Montague,  to  Richard  Killings,  October, 
1788. 

On  the  record  of  the  death  of  Mr. 


3  From  Edes  and  Gill's  "Boston  Gazette,"  No.  1021. 


CHURCH   WORTHIES.  I  55 

"Oct.  31,  1774.  Died  of  a  consumptive  disorder,  and  on  Thursday 
was  decently  interred,  M'  John  Box,  aged  75  years,  who  for  upwards  of 
40  years  was  an  eminent  Ropemaker  in  this  town.  He  was  a  Man  of  a 
fair  unblemished  character,  strictly  just  in  his  dealings,  a  constant  at- 
tender  of  Divine  worship.  Several  years  (in  turn)  a  Warden  of  King's 
Chapel  and  one  of  the  Vestry,  its  assistant  and  promoter  in  rebuilding 
that  Church.  He  was  no  medler  in  politicks,  yet  a  well-wisher  to  the 
publick  welfare ;  he  loved  Order,  and  condemned  too  great  a  stretch  of 
power ;  much  esteemed  by  his  worthy  Acquaintance,  and  by  the  publick 
in  general.     He  was  a  tender,  affectionate  Husband  and  Parent. 

"  The  Ancient  and  Hon.  Society  of  Free  Masons  conducted  his  Body 
to  the  Burial  place  in  token  of  a  tender  regard  to  their  worthy  deceased 
Brother.  He  has  left  a  Widow,  and  several  Children  of  adult  age,  to 
mourn  the  loss  of  a  Husband  and  Parent." 

Henry  Lloyd,  Warden  in  1756-57,  was  son  of  James  Lloyd,  a 
Boston  merchant  in  1653,  who  married  (i)  Griselda,  daughter 
of  Nathaniel  Sylvester;  (2)  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Gov.  John 
Leverett.i  Henry  was  father  of  James  Lloyd,  the  distinguished 
physician  of  Boston,  born  in  1728,  died  March,  1810.  Dr. 
Lloyd  is  thus  described:^  — 

"  Dr.  James  Lloyd  was  easily  discovered  by  his  large  bay  horse,  — 
take  him  for  all  in  all,  the  finest  harness  gelding  of  his  day  in  Boston. 
With  the  eyes  of  a  Swedenborgian,  I  see  the  good  old  doctor  now,  and  I 
hear  the  tramp  of  those  highly  polished  white-topped  boots ;  ...  he 
was  an  able  physician,  and  a  gentleman.  His  remarkable  courtliness  of 
manner  arose,  doubtless,  in  some  degree  from  his  relation  to  the  no- 
bility. During  the  siege.  General  Howe  and  Lord  Percy  were  his  inti- 
mate friends  ;  the  latter  was  his  tenant  in  1775,  occupying  the  Vassal 
estate,  for  which  Dr.  Lloyd  was  the  agent,  and  which  afterwards  became 
the  residence  of  the  late  Gardiner  Greene." 

Dr.  Lloyd  was  father  of  Senator  James  Lloyd,  who  graduated 
at  Harvard  College  in  1787,  and  died  in  1831. 

The  history  of  one  of  the  largest  givers  to  the  new  church,  Sir 
Charles  Henry  Frankland,  who  had  been  made  Collector  of  the 
Port  at  the  time  of  Governor  Shirley's  appointment,  in   1741, 

John  Box  in  the   Church   Books  he  is  in  Buckingham's  book  of  "The  Lives 

called  ropemaker.     This  is   a   mistake,  of  Printers."     The  name  of  Box  in  this 

He  owned  much  real  estate,  and  belong-  direct  line  has  become  extinct. 

ing  to  it  was  a  ropewalk.     His  niece  was  ^  Savage    does     not     state    whether 

highly  indignant  at  this  statement  of  the  Henry  was  child  of  the  first  or  second 

record  ;  said  he  never  spun  a  rope  in  his  wife. 

life,  but  had  a  foreman  who  carried  on  ^  By  a  "  Sexton  of  the  Old  School," 

the  business.     Her  account  is  confirmed  in  "  Dealings  with  the  Dead,"  ii.  448. 


156 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


has  already  been  told.^  Our  Records,  in  noting  his  annual 
election  as  a  vestryman  (1743-44,  1746-54),  entitle  him  "Henry 
Frankland,  Esq'"  until  his  accession  to  the  baronetcy  in  1747, 
in  1749  "Sir  Harry,"  and  afterward  "Sir  Henry,"  His  aid  to 
the  church  while  in  England  has  been  noted  by  Dr.  Caner's 
hand.^  Yet  even  this  and  his  high  position  could  not  reconcile 
the  parish  to  what  came  to  their  knowledge.  In  1751  he  re- 
ceived ten  votes,  while  the  other  vestrymen  had  from  twelve  to 
fifteen ;  and  after  a  time  he  probably  remained  almost  wholly  at 
his  beautiful  estate  in  Hopkinton  until  his  memorable  journey 
to  Lisbon.^  His  portrait  represents  the  young  Collector,  at 
the  age  of  twenty-four,  "  as  having  a  refined  and  noble  cast  of 
features,  with  a  peculiarly  pensive  and  melancholy  expression. 
The  countenance  and  dress  indicate  a  certain  indefinable  sweet- 
ness of  temper  and  delicacy  of  taste,  such  as  often  characterize 
those  born  of  English  parents  in  the  East.  They  reveal  a 
mental  constitution  better  adapted  to  the  genial  pursuits  of 
literature  and  art,  than  to  the  sharp,  angular  turns  of  politics 
or  trade." 

Robert  Auchmuty,'^  of  an  ancient  Scotch  family  who  held  a 


1  See  Vol  I.  pp.  515,  516. 

2  See  Chapter  XIV.  A  "  Letter  from 
Sir  Harry  Frankland  to  his  Uncle  about 
the  State  of  Religion  at  Boston,"  says : 

"London,  Dec^  13*^,  1748.  ...  As 
the  Chapel  is  the  oldest,  it  seems  to  de- 
serve our  peculiar  care ;  and  as  the 
other  churches  are  more  commodious, 
such  numbers  of  the  richest  sort  have  left 
it,  that  the  parishioners  are  not  able  to 
expend  a  sum  adequate  to  the  charge; 
for  altho'  they  are  crowded,  yet  their 
circumstances  are  such  as  will  admit  of 
no  expence  like  this,  without  some  ex- 
ternal aid.  The  building  is  now  near 
Soo  feet  square,  and  has  a  deep  gallery 
on  three  sides ;  Yet  the  Isles  are  fre- 
quently full  of  people,  which  plainly 
shews  that  were  it  more  extensive  greater 
numbers  would  join  it. 

"...  As  I  was  brought  up  in  the 
Church  of  England,  and  have  the  high- 
est veneration  for  it  as  the  best  regulated 
and  most  Rational  Constitution  and  way 
of  worship,  I  think  it  my  duty  to  Pro- 
mote its  Interests  in  that  Country."  — 
Chta-ch  Docs.  Mass.,  p.  424, 

3  It  is  described  by  Rev.  Elias  Nason, 
in  his  interesting  "Life  and  Times  of 
Sir  Charles  Henry  Frankland,"  p.  39: 


"  He  accordingly  made  a  purchase  of 
4S2  acres  of  land,  in  1751  and  1752,  in 
the  easterly  part  of  this  newly  settled 
town,  for  a  plantation.  The  tract  was 
purchased  from  several  individuals,  and 
lies  along  the  southern  and  western  slope 
of  a  noble  eminence,  called  in  the  Nip- 
muck  tongue  Jlfagiinco,  or  the  place  of 
great  trees,  where  the  celebrated  John 
Eliot  had,  in  earlier  times,  an  Indian 
church.  The  summit  of  the  hill,  now 
covered  with  a  fine  growth  of  thrifty 
chestnut,  commands  a  view  of  the  peaks 
of  the  Wachusett  and  Monadnock  moun- 
tains on  the  northwest,  of  the  beautiful 
village  of  Hopkinton  and  Hayden  Row 
on  the  southwest,  of  a  rich  and  varied 
landscape  on  the  south,  and  of  the 
charming  village  of  Ashland,  in  the  val- 
ley where  the  Concord  River  and  the 
Cold  Springs  blend  their  waters  in  the 
east.  The  hillside  to  the  south  and  west 
abounds  in  cool  and  gushing  springlets, 
which,  leaving  lines  of  freshest  verdure 
in  their  course,  unite." 

*  See  Eliot's  Biographical  Diction- 
ary ;  Washburn,  Judicial  History  of 
Massachusetts;  N.  E.  Hist,  and  Geneal. 
Reg.,  xii.  69;  Updike,  p.  148. 


CHURCH    WORTHIES. 


157 


barony  in  the  North,  had  come  to  Boston  early  in  the  century, 
and  attained  eminence  at  the  bar.  He  was  a  director  of  the 
Land  Bank,  and  in  1741  went  to  England  as  joint  agent  for  the 
Province  with  Mr.  Kilby  in  settling  the  disputed  boundary  line 
between  Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island,  at  which  time  he  is 
said  to  have  suggested  to  the  Ministry  the  plan  of  an  expedi- 
tion to  Cape  Breton.  He  was  Judge  of  Admiralty.  In  his  will, 
that  he  might  not  "  sin  in  his  grave,"  he  wrote:  "  And  now,  in 
the  first  place,  I  direct  my  Executrix  to  pay  all  my  just  debts." 
His  eldest  son  Samuel  (H.  C.  1742,  S.  T.  D.  Oxon.)  was  the 
eminent  clergyman  of  Trinity  Church,  New  York.  Mr.  Auch- 
muty's  legal  services  to  the  church  have  been  noted.  He  did 
not  live  to  see  the  new  building,  but  his  son  and  namesake  took 
his  place  in  it. 

The  younger  Auchmuty  enjoyed  the  prestige  of  his  father's 
name  in  also  gaining  a  distinguished  position  at  the  bar.  "  He 
was  a  most  agreeable  speaker;  his  tongue  was  mellifluous,  and 
his  manner  very  interesting  to  the  jury,"  though  "  in  legal 
knowledge  inferior  to  several  of  his  contemporaries."  His  most 
famous  case  was  that  of  the  successful  defence  of  Captain  Pres- 
ton for  the  King  Street  massacre,  in  which  John  Adams  was 
associated  with  him.^ 

Another  lawyer  was  Benjamin  Pratt,  —  who  had  married  a 
daughter  of  the  elder  Auchmuty,  his  master  in  the  profession, — 
a  strong  character,  who  had  fought  his  way  up  from  obscurity. 
"  Descended  from  poor  parents  and  bred  to  a  mechanical  em- 
ployment, the  misfortune  of  losing  a  limb  and  a  long  confine- 
ment by  sickness  led  him  to  study."  His  original  social  rank 
is  indicated  by  his  place  in  the  College  Catalogue  at  the  foot 
of  the  class  of  1737;^  but  he  soon  rose  to  eminence  at  the 
bar,  and  to  political  prominence  as  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  where  he  opposed  Governor  Shirley,  and 
was  in  favor  with  his  successor,  who  after  his  return  to 
England  obtained  for  him  the  office  of  Chief  Justice  of  New 
York. 

Here  was  Stephen  Greenleaf,  later  High  Sheriff  of  Suffolk 
County,  whose  marriage  to  Meriah  Mason,  March  13,  1764,  is 
recorded  in  our  Registers. 

1  "  Robert  Auchmuty,  Jr.,  on  July  6,  ^  gee  Mr.  W.  G.  Brooks's  paper  on 

1767,  was  duly  commissioned  Judge  of  "The  change  of  the   Rule  determining 

Admiralty  for   all    New  England,  at   a  the  Order  of  Names 'n  the  College  Cata- 

salary  of  ;^300  a  year.     His  commission  logue,"  in  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proc,  1S66- 

was  renewed  in  March,  1769,  when  his  67,  pp.  252-254. 
salary  was  increased  to  ;^6oo." 


158  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


(^itayfL4ta~^ntj  iii^ 


Here,  too,  were  pious  women,  like  Mrs.  Joanna  Brooker, 
widow,  whose  burial  is  noted  June  26,  1759,  at  the  age  of  fifty- 
eight  years,  and  whose 
bequest  to  the  Church 
is  elsewhere  described '} 
and  "Alice  Quick, 
widow  and  shopkeeper,"  whose  burial  is  noted  Nov.  11,  1761, 
at  the  age  of  seventy-four,  who  also  left  a  legacy  to  the  Church. 
In  her  will  the  good  woman  said :  — 

.  First  and  principally  I  commend  my  immortal  Soul  into  the 
hands  of  my  Creator,  relying  upon  the  Merits  of  Jesus  Christ  to  obtain 
the  remission  of  all  my  Sins  and  Eternal  Life,  and  my  Body  I  Commit 
to  the  Earth,  to  be  buried  in  a  handsome,  Credible  manner.  ...  To  the 
Poor  of  the  Town  of  Boston,  to  be  paid  to  the  Overseers  of  the  Poor, 
the  sum  of  Twenty-six  pounds  thirteen  Shillings  and  fourpence,  lawful 
Money  of  this  Province ;  ...  to  Ann  Vergoose,  .  .  .  Alice  Stone  (to 
whom  I  stood  Godmother) ....  Item :  I  Give  the  Poor  in  Burton 
Avery,  in  England,  Thirteen  pounds  Six  Shillings  and  eightpence,  like 
lawful  Money.  Item  :  I  Give  to  Alice  Stone  one  half  of  my  pew  in  the 
Kings  Chappie,  and  the  other  half  I  Give  to  my  Nephew  Thomas 
Knight.  Item  :  I  give  unto  the  Church  Wardens  of  Kings  Chappie 
the  sum  of  Sixty-Six  pounds  thirteen  Shillings  and  fourpence,  like 
lawfull  Money,  to  be  disposed  of  by  said  Wardens  to  the  only  use  of 
said  Chappie,  in  such  Manner  as  said  Church  shall  think  proper.  .  .  . 

A  sturdy  figure  was  Commodore  Edward  Tyng,  a  gallant 
officer,  senior  commander  of  the  Colonial  fleet  sent  against 
Louisburg  in  1745.  He  had  distinguished  himself  by  the 
prompt  relief  of  the  small  garrison  at  Annapolis  at  the  out- 
break of  the  war,  and  in  1744,  in  command  of  the  snow  "Prince 
of  Orange,"  had  captured  a  French  privateer.  "  Sir  Peter 
Warren,  who  commanded  the  ships  of  the  Crown  in  the  same 
expedition,  offered  him  the  rank  of  post-captain,  which  he 
declined,  on  account  of  his  declining  years.  He  died  in  Boston 
in  1755,  aged  seventy-two." ^  And  another,  of  whom  the  News- 
letter of  Feb.  8,  1759,  said:  — 

"  Last  Tuesday  morning  dyed  in  the  70th  Year  his  Age,  after  a  long 
Illness,  Brigadier  General  Hatch ;  a  Gentleman  who  during  his  Life 
sustain'd  with  Honor  divers  civil  and  military  Posts  within  this  Province. 
His  Funeral  is  to  be  attended  at  his  House  in  Dorchester  next  Monday, 
in  the  Afternoon,  if  the  Weather  permit." 

1  See  p.  419.  ^  Sabine,  ii.  369. 


CHURCH    WORTHIES. 


159 


A  noteworthy  pew  was  that  occupied  by  the  family  of  Samuel 
Wentworth,  of  the  distinguished  New  Hampshire  family,  son  of 
Lieutenant-Governor  John  and  Sarah  (Hunking)  Wentworth, 
and  Warden,  1741-42.  Born  Jan.  15,  1708,  and  graduated 
from  Harvard  College  in  1728,  he  married,  Oct.  17,  1732, 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  (Packer)  Deering. 
He  was  one  of  "  fifty  principal  merchants  in  Boston  "  who  peti- 
tioned the  General  Court  in  1750.  Of  their  nine  children, 
the  beautiful  daughter  Frances,  known  as  "  Lady  Wentworth," 
riveted  attention,  and  seemed  predestined  to  a  remarkable 
career.  Born  Sept.  30,  1745,  and  baptized  in  King's  Chapel, 
she  was  to  marry  her  cousin  Theodore  Atkinson,  Jr.,  who  died 
of  consumption,  Oct.  28,  1769.  A  fortnight  later,  Nov.  11, 
1769,  she  stood  again  at  the  altar,  where  she  had  just  listened 
to  his  funeral  rites,  for  the  marriage  service  which  united  her 
to  another  cousin,  Governor  John  Wentworth,  the  son  of  her 
father's  brother,  Mark  Hunking  Wentworth.  The  towns  of 
Francestown  and  Deering  perpetuate  her  own  and  her  mother's 
names. 

Here,  too,  were  not  a  few  of  the  first  gentlemen  of  the  Prov- 
ince, now  at  the  meridian  of  success  and  distinction,  who  in 
twenty  years  were  to  be  swept  away  in  the  vortex  of  the  Revo- 
lution. "  A  majority  of  the  best  educated  and  most  respected 
persons  of  their  time,  at  least  in  New  England,  were  found  at 
first  on  the  loyal  side ;  "  ^  and  of  these  many  of  the  chief  were 
of  this  congregation.  The  wealth  of  Churchmen  in  Boston  at 
the  time  is  given  by  Dr.  Caner,  writing  to  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  Dec.  27,  1762:  "We  have  three  large  Churches  in 
this  town,  and  by  the  public  list  of  Taxes  it  appears  that  we 
pay  one  third  of  the  whole."  ^  The  story  of  the  stormy  for- 
tunes of  poor  Jolly  Allen,  and  of  Isaac  Royall,  the  Vassall  fam- 
ily, the  Ervings,  Charles  Paxton,  Robert  Hallowell,  and  others 
of  "the  gentry"  who  remained  faithful  to  the  Crown,  belongs 
to  a  later  page  in  our  annals ;  but  no  picture  of  the  bright 
days  of  the  stately  new  church  can  lack  their  presence.  A 
social  glimpse  of  one  of  them  is  given  by  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey, 
whose  scanty  missionary  fare  at  Pownalborough  was  varied  by 
breaking  bread  with  him  when  visiting  Boston. 

Jan.  6,  1760.  "After  church  went  into  Mr.  Caner's  and  tarried  till 
dinner ;  but  having  received  an  invitation  from  Mr.  Paxon,  I  waited 

^  Sabine's  History  of  American  Loy-  -  Cliurch  Documents,  Mass.,  pp.  4S9, 

alists.  490- 


l6o  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

upon  him,  was  politely  received,  introduced  into  a  fine  parlor  among 
several  agreeable  gentlemen.  I  found  here  the  famous  Kit  Minot,  Mr. 
McKensie,  and  one  Mr.  Stuart,  a  pretty  young  gentleman.  I  observed 
that  our  company,  though  chiefly  upon  the  gay  order,  distinguished  the 
day  by  a  kind  of  reverent  decorum.  Our  conversation  was  modest,  and 
perfectly  innocent." 

This  was  Charles  Paxton,  Warden  in  1 760-1 768.  He  lived, 
in  1 77 1,  in  the  only  house  in  Pearl  Street,  Boston,  "  an  elegant 
three  story  brick."  Paxton  was  one  of  the  revenue  commis- 
sioners, and  was  mobbed,  but  he  made  his  escape  with  his  valu- 
ables ;  he  was  also  a  mandamus  councillor,  and  was  proscribed 
by  the  Provincial  Congress. 

No  shadow  of  the  future,  however,  darkens  the  thoughts  of 
any  in  the  congregation,  —  least  of  all,  of  any  in  the  family 
group  that  sits  in  the  lofty  pew  hung  with  crimson  curtains, 
where  the  Governor's  handsome  face  clearly  appears.  There  is 
his  daughter,  Maria  Catharina,  —  the  wife  of  Mr.  John  Erving, 
whom  she  married  in  1754,  —  and  her  husband  (H.  C.  1747). 
Blackburn's  portraits  still  present  to  us  the  lady  of  twenty-five, 
"  seated  in  a  garden,  holding  in  her  hand  a  bunch  of  roses. 
Her  dress  is  white  satin,  trimmed  with  point  lace.  The  gen- 
tleman, of  about  twenty-eight  years  in  age,  is  dressed  in  a  gray 
coat,  a  rose-colored  satin  waistcoat,  embroidered  with  silver, 
and  black  velvet  knee-breeches."  They  will  share  the  same 
fate  as  loyalists  in  exile,  and  will  die  at  Bath,  England,  in  a 
good  old  age,  in   18 16. 

And  there  is  Eliakim  Hutchinson,  Esq.,  son  of  William  and 
grandson  of  Eliakim  Hutchinson,  of  Boston,  merchant,  —  who 
married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Henry  Shrimpton,  —  and  great- 
grandson  of  Richard  Hutchinson,  citizen  and  ironmonger  of 
London,  and  his  wife  Mary.^  He  was  Warden  of  King's  Chapel 
in  1743.  He  married  Governor  Shirley's  daughter  Elizabeth, 
was  appointed  Judge  of  Probate,  succeeded  to  the  ownership  of 
"  Shirley  Place  "  on  the  Governor's  departure  for  England,  and 
himself  fled  from  it,  a  banished  man,  twenty  years  later.  He 
owned  an  estate  in  Walpole,  which  was  confiscated.  His  estate 
in  Dock  Square  was  sold  in  1782  by  the  commissioners,  under 
the  Act  of  March  2,  1781,  "  to  provide  for  the  Payment  of  Debts 
due  from  the  Conspirators  and  Absentees  for  the  Recovery  of 
Debts  due  to  them."     In  the  papers  on  file  in  relation  to  his 

^  See  Mr.  J.  T.  Hassam's  article  on  The  King's  Arms  Tavern  in  Boston,  in 
N.  E.  Hist,  and  Geneal.  Reg.  xxxiv.  44. 


CHURCH    WORTHIES.  l6l 

estate  in  April,  1779,  he  is  styled  the  "  Hon'^'^  EHakim  Hutch- 
inson, late  a  Resident  of  Boston,  Absentee  deceased,"  and  "  a 
Conspirator  deceased."  As  in  many  other  cases  under  the 
harsh  proscriptive  laws  which  blot  the  fair  fame  of  Massachu- 
setts at  the  Revolutionary  period,  his  estate  was  sacrificed,  real 
property  appraised  at  ^3,700  being  sold  for  ^^1,070. 

Here  also  are  the  brothers  Gilbert  and  Lewis  Deblois,  mer- 
chants, loyalists,  later  to  be  proscribed  and  banished,  the  elder 
being  a  Warden  in  1 769-1 775. 

Another  notable  figure  is  Isaac  Royall.  He  was  descended 
from  William  Ryall,  who  settled  in  Salem  in  1629,  whose  son 
William,  carpenter,  of  Casco  Bay  and  Dorchester,  born  1640, 
died  Nov.  7,  1724.  His  son  Isaac,  born  1672,  died  in  Medford 
June  7,  1739,  had  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Asaph  Eliot, 
July,  1697.  He  resided  in  Antigua,  frequently  visiting  Boston. 
"Dec.  26,  1732,  he  purchased  of  the  heirs  of  Lieutenant- 
Governor  Usher  the  estate  in  Charlestown  (Medford),  contain- 
ing about  five  hundred  acres,  the  consideration  being  ^10,350. 
The  house,  still  standing  upon  the  estate  and  widely  known  as 
the  Royall  mansion,  was  built  by  Usher.  It  was  one  of  the 
most  pretentious  and  elegant  residences  of  the  time  within  the 
suburbs  of  Boston.  The  garden  and  grounds  immediately 
about  the  house  were  laid  out  and  maintained  with  much  skill 
and  at  large  expense.  In  the  rear,  or  rather  at  the  west  of  the 
mansion,  w^ere  the  servants'  quarters,  while  the  octagonal 
summer-house,  capped  by  a  figure  of  Mercury,  formed  a  con- 
spicuous feature  of  the  landscape."  In  December,  1737,  he 
petitioned  the  General  Court,  then  being  of  Charlestown  but 
"  late  of  Antigua,"  that  as  the  "  parcel  of  negroes  that  he  had 
brought  with  him  from  that  place  were  designed  for  his  own 
use,  and  not  any  of  them  for  merchandise,"  they  might  be  ad- 
mitted free  of  impost.  From  this  sumptuous  estate  his  chariot 
brought  the  younger  Isaac  Royall  to  church.  He  was  born  in 
the  island  of  Antigua  in  17 19,  and  married  Elizabeth  Mcintosh 
March  27,  1738.  She  died  in  Medford,  July  14,  1770;  he  died 
in  England,  October,  1781.  He  was  one  of  the  most  generous 
and  hospitable  of  that  elder  race,  in  whom  not  even  proscrip- 
tion and  banishment  could  quench  his  love  of  country.  He 
had  been  a  representative  in  the  General  Court,  and  was  to  be 
for  twenty-three  years  a  member  of  the  Council.  He  was  made 
Brigadier-General  in  1761,  "the  first  of  that  title  among  Ameri- 
cans." Our  Registers  record  his  marriage,  as  well  as  that  of 
his  daughter  Elizabeth  to  Sir  William  Pepperell  (Sparhawk), 

VOL.    II.  —  It 


l62  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

through  whom  he  had  a  numerous  posterity.  "  Those  that  de- 
scended from  the  single  loyahst  Sir  William  Pepperell,  who  was 
driven  from  America  at  the  commencement  of  the  Revolution, 
comprise  probably  a  hundred,  holding  the  highest  social  posi- 
tion, including  dignitaries  in  Church  and  State,  baronets,  presi- 
dents of  colleges,  D.D.'s,  and  bishops,  and  others  of  exalted 
rank,  perhaps  more  numerous  than  can  be  found  in  any  one 
family  in  the  British  realms."  ^ 

The  life  of  most  of  these  prosperous  people  ^  had  little  in  com- 
mon with  the  mass  of  New  England  homes.  Even  in  the  towns 
the  austere  simplicity  of  the  earlier  Puritan  time  lingered,  and  in 
the  country  it  was  unchanged.  The  hard  life  of  endless  labor 
from  dawn  to  dark  on  six  days,  in  which  each  member  of  the 
family  bore  an  equal  share,  the  monotony  broken  only  by  a 
rare  "quilting"  or  "husking,"  the  plain  fare,  and  homespun 
clothes  as  plain,  were  such  as  would  have  marked  the  peasant 
class  in  the  Old  World.  It  was  not  strange  that  the  aristocratic 
type  of  English  society  which  made  its  nest  hard  by  the  altar 
of  God  in  the  King's  Chapel  could  not  understand  the  sturdy 
independence  and  rugged  manhood  that  in  a  generation  more 
were  to  give  birth  to  the  Revolution,  which  resulted  largely  from 
the  want  of  mutual  sympathy  and  understanding. 

The  homes  from  which  these  stately  persons  came  to  church 
accorded  in  dignity  with  the  home  of  their  devotion.  The 
architectural  revival  of  our  day  has  brought  again  to  honor  that 
style  so  characteristic  of  New  England. 

"  We  think  with  interest  of  the  parish  glebes  of  Cambridge  and  Ports- 
mouth, of  the  old  Tories'  Row  in  Cambridge  ;  .  •  .  the  old  wainscoted 
rooms ;  .  .  .  the  staircases  with  boxed  steps,  with  a  rich  scroll  under 
each  box,  and  with  the  varied  balusters  carved  into  a  twist  by  hand  ;  the 
great  brick  chimney-corners,  with  Dutch  tile  borders,  and  crane  pot- 
hooks and  trammels,  and  hanging  kettles,  and  the  yawning  flues  resting 
on  oak  mantel  bars,  and  opening  a  clear  road  to  the  stars  above.  With 
all  this  in  the  old  houses,  a  classical  detail  is  universally  used,  the  com- 
mon language  of  every  carpenter,  and  treated  freely  with  regard  only  to 
comfort,  cosiness,  or  stateliness.     In  studying  this  colonial  work,  we  find 

1  See  article  on  The  New  England  dore  Dehone,  Thomas  Clement,  Joseph 
Royalls,  by  E.  D.  Harris,  in  N.  E.  Hist.  Richardson,  Capt.  James Dalton, Thomas 
and  Geneal.  Reg.  xxxix.  348-368.  Kirk,  John  Moody,  Joshua  Loring,  Chris- 

2  Besides  the  members  of  the  Parish  topher  Lahr,  S.  Brackett,  James  I  vers, 
during  Dr.  Caner's  ministry  whom  we  S.  G.  Jarvis,  Samuel  Fitch,  N.  Wheat- 
notice  particularly,  or  whose  names  are  ley,  H.  Brimmer,  Peace  Cazneau,  A. 
on  the  subscription  paper  for  building  Savage,  Jr.,  James  Gardner,  John  Win- 
the  church,  may  be  named  Capt.  Rob-  throp,  Esq.,  Thomas  Knights. 

ert    Parker,  R.   Hallowell,  Esq.,   Theo- 


CHURCH   WORTHIES.  '  163 

all  the  delicacy,  grace,  and  picturesqueness  that  any  model  can  suggest 
to  us  ;  and  combined  with  it  a  familiar  aspect,  and  a  fitness  to  harmonize 
with  all  those  heirlooms  and  old  possessions,  that  might  be  put  to  shame 
by  other  fashions.^  ... 

"  Nearly  all  the  early  work  in  this  neighborhood  is  roofed  with  steep- 
pitched  gable  roofs.  Rare  instances  occur,  like  the  stone  Cradock  house 
at  Medford,  where  the  gambrel  roof  appears  earlier;  but  from  1686,  the 
date  of  the  Sudbury  inn,  to  1737,  the  date  of  the  Hancock  house,  the 
gambrel  roof  is  common.  Later  it  became  frequent  to  pitch  the  roof  in 
from  all  sides  to  a  ridge,  or  to  a  second  pitch  surrounded  by  a  balustrade  ; 
and  it  is  under  such  roofs  that  the  richest  interiors  of  our  neighborhood 
still  are  found."  ^ 

The  relentless  growth  which  has  changed  a  small  town  to  a 
large  city  has  swept  away  these  picturesque  landmarks  of  the 
old  Boston,  and  we  are  left  to  reconstruct  them  from  descrip- 
tion. Two  of  the  noblest  mansions  were  occupied  by  the  two 
chief  dignitaries  of  the  Parish,  —  the  Governor  and  the  Col- 
lector. The  Province  House  was  Governor  Shirley's  official 
residence,  but  his  home  was  "Shirley  Place"  in  Roxbury,  still 
surviving  for  degraded  uses,  —  "a  large,  square,  two-story,  high- 
roofed  structure,  with  a  stone  basement,  having  a  piazza  at  the 
end,  and  surmounted  by  an  observatory  enclosed  with  a  railing. 
Its  oaken  frame  and  the  brick,  of  three  different  sizes,  had  been 
brought  from  England.  It  had  a  double  front,  each  approached 
by  a  flight  of  stone  steps.  Entering  the  northeastern  or  proper 
front  is  found  a  spacious  hall  of  grand  proportions,  with  a 
broad  staircase  to  the  right,  leading  to  a  balcony,  where  two 
doors  open  into  the  guest-chamber,  which  had  received  many 
celebrated  inmates.  From  this  balcony  the  musicians  enter- 
tained the  company  at  the  table  in  the  hall.  The  carved  balus- 
ters were  of  three  different  patterns,  with  an  inlaid  rail.  The 
ceiling  of  the  main  hall  was  richly  stuccoed,  and  its  floor 
painted  like  a  carpet,  while  doors  on  both  sides  led  to  the 
reception-rooms  and  parlors.  On  great  occasions  the  folding- 
doors  were  opened  to  throw  the  two  halls  into  one."  ^    Closets 

1  "  The  richest  and  finest  models  we  land,"  in  the  American  Architect,  Oct. 
have  date  from  between  1727  and  1760,  20,  1S77,  p.  338.  See  also  "Early  New 
when  George  II.  reigned  :  Pepperell  England  Interiors :  Sketches  in  Salem, 
house  in  Kittery,  1730  ;  Hancock  house,  Marblehead,  Portsmouth,  and  Kittery." 
1737;    Royall    house,    Medford,    before  By  Arthur  Little. 

1732;  Holden  Chapel,  Cambridge,  1745;  ^  A    communication,    by   Mr.   J.    H. 

Wells  mansion,  Cambridge,  1745;  Went-  Stark  in  the  "Weekly  Transcript"  of 

worth  house,  Little  Harbor,  1750;  Long-  June  i,  1886,  from  which  this  descrip- 

fellow    (Vassall)    house,     1759;     Ladd  tion   is   taken,   states   that    the    Shirley 

house,  Portsmouth,  1760."  estate,  on  Dudley  Street,  "was  bought 

2  "  Georgian    Houses  in   New   Eng-  four  years  ago  by  a  speculator,  and  cat 


164  "  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

and  pantries  abounded,  with  their  hospitable  provision.  On 
the  Governor's  departure  in  1756  the  estate  was  bought  by  his 
son-in-law,  Judge  Eliakim  Hutchinson,  but  was  the  refuge  of 
his  closing  days.  The  Revolution  saw  it  confiscated  from  its 
loyal  owner.^ 

But  all  other  houses  were  outshone  by  the  Collector's  sump- 
tuous dwelling :  — 

"  The  Clark  house  was  erected  by  the  Hon.  Wm.  Clark,  Esq.,  —  like 
his  neighbor,  a  wealthy  merchant  and  a  Councillor,  —  to  outshine  the 
house  built  by  Colonel  Hutchinson.  It  was  a  well-proportioned  house, 
built  of  brick,  of  three  stories  in  height,  looking  down  upon  its  two- 
storied  neighbor,  —  an  intentional  oversight,  —  with  a  gambrel  roof 
crowned  by  a  balustrade.  The  front  was  relieved  by  a  row  of  dormer 
windows,  by  a  modillioned  cornice,  by  string  courses  between  each 
story,  and  by  the  richly  carved  pediment  and  pilasters  of  the  doorway. 

"  Passing  through  the  door,  you  entered  a  hall  of  hospitable  width, 
running  from  front  to  rear,  spanned  by  an  arch  midway.  The  front  hall, 
lighted  by  windows  on  either  side  of  the  door,  gave  access  to  the  front 
parlors ;  the  rear  hall,  leading  to  the  sitting-room  and  kitchen,  was 
lighted  by  a  tall  arched  window  over  the  stairs,  up  and  down  whose 
gentle  grades  his  pony  scrambled  with  the  gouty  Sir  Harry  Frankland. 

"The  hall  with  its  balustraded  staircase,  the  parlors  and  chambers 
with  their  panelled  walls,  their  deep  window-seats,  their  chimney-pieces 
flanked  by  arched  and  pilastered  alcoves,  —  all  were  in  the  just  propor- 
tion and  with  the  classic  details  handed  down  from  the  days  of  good 
Queen  Anne  or  Dutch  William.  So  far  the  house,  within  and  without, 
was  only  a  fine  specimen  of  the  mansions  of  wealthy  citizens  of  the  pro- 
vincial period  in  and  around  Boston.  The  feature  which  distinguished 
it  from  its  neighbor  was  the  rich,  elaborate,  and  peculiar  decoration  of 
the  North-parlor  on  the  right  of  the  entrance  hall.  Opposite  the  door 
was  the  ample  fireplace  with  its  classic  mantelpiece,  a  basket  of  flowers 
and  scroll-work  in  relief  upon  its  frieze.  On  the  right  of  the  chimney- 
piece  was  an  arched  alcove  lighted  by  a  narrow  window ;  on  the  left,  an 
arched  buffet  with  a  vaulted  ceiling. 

"The  other  three  walls  were  divided  into  compartments  by  fluted 
pilasters  of  the  Corinthian  order,  which  supported  the  entablature  with 
its  dentilled  cornice. 

"  The  flutings  and  capitals  of  the  pilasters,  the  dentils  of  the  cornice, 
the  vault  and  shelves  of  the  buffet,  were  all  heavily  gilded ;  so  far,  as  I 
have  said  before,  it  was  only  a  rich  example  of  the  prevalent  style. 

up  into   house  lots  ;    a  street  was  run  a  dozen  or  more  tenants,  in  good  preser- 

through   it,  which   was   named    Shirley  vation," 

Street;  the  mansion  was  then  removed  i  It  took  the  name,  by  which  it  has 

from   the    spot    now    occupied    by   the  since  been  known,  of  "  the  Eustis  Place," 

new   school-house,   and  was   placed   on  from  Gov.  William  Eustis,  who  bought 

Shirley  Street,  and  is  now  occunied  by  it  in  1819,  and  died  there  in  182  q. 


SIR   HENRY  FRANKLANO'S  HOUSE. 


;arilrn  ''nujl  ami  I'l-uicp  Sf; 


CHURCH    WORTHIES.  165 

"  The  peculiar  decoration  consisted  of  a  series  of  raised  panels  filling 
these  compartments,  reaching  from  the  surbase  to  the  frieze,  eleven  in 
all,  each  embellished  with  a  romantic  landscape  painted  in  oil  colors, 
the  four  panels  opposite  the  windows  being  further  enriched  by  the 
emblazoned  escutcheons  of  the  Clarks,  the  Saltonstalls,  and  other  allied 
farnilies. 

"  Beneath  the  surbase,  the  panels,  as  also  those  of  the  door,  were 
covered  with  arabesques.  The  twelfth  painting  was  a  view  of  the  house 
upon  a  horizontal  panel  over  the  mantel ;  and  beneath  this  panel,  in- 
scribed in  an  oval,  was  the  monogram  of  the  builder,  W.  C.  At  the  base 
of  the  gilded  and  fluted  vault  of  the  buffet  was  a  painted  dove. 

"  The  floor  was  inlaid  with  divers  woods  in  multiform  patterns  ;  in  the 
centre,  surrounded  by  a  border,  emblazoned  in  proper  colors,  was  the 
escutcheon  of  the  Clarks,  with  its  three  white  swans. 

"  The  mere  enumeration  of  the  details  fails  to  give  an  idea  of  the  im- 
pression made  by  this  painted  and  gilded  parlor,  not  an  inch  of  whose 
surface  but  had  been  elaborated  by  painter,  gilder,  carver,  or  artist,  to 
which  the  blazoner  had  added  heraldic  emblems."  ^ 

Nor  were  the  country  estates  of  the  gentry  inferior  to  their 
city  mansions.  Frankland's  manor  at  Hopkinton  is  thus  de- 
scribed :  '-^  — 

"  On  an  eligible  and  commanding  site  upon  the  southwestern  inclina- 
tion of  this  Indian  hill  the  baronet  erected  a  commodious  manor  house  in 
1 75 1  ;  reduced  about  one  hundred  and  thirty  acres  of  his  land  to  tillage, 
planting  an  extensive  orchard ;  built  a  costly  barn,  one  hundred  feet  in 
length  and  surmounted  by  a  cupola ;  a  granary,  which  was  set  upon  elab- 
orately wrought  freestone  pillars ;  and  houses  for  his  servants  equal  to 
those  of  many  of  the  farmers  in  the  neighborhood.  Having  a  taste  for 
horticulture,  he  introduced  a  great  variety  of  the  choicest  fruit,  such  as 
apples,  pears,  plums,  peaches,  cherries  of  excellent  qualities,  apricots, 
and  quinces,  from  England ;  and  having  an  eye  for  beauty,  he  set  out 
elms  and  other  ornamental  trees  upon  his  grounds,  and  embellished  his 
walks  and  garden  with  the  box,  the  lilac,  hawthorn,  and  the  rose ;  some 
portion  of  this  shrubbery  still  blooms  as  beautifully  as  when  King  George 
the  Second  sat  upon  the  throne. 

"  The  mansion  was  large,  and  strongly  built.  It  stood  at  some  dis- 
tance from  the  main  road,  and  was  approached  by  a  noble  avenue  cut 
through  the  chestnut  forest,  and  by  a  flower-garden  tastefully  arranged 
in  front.  The  spacious  hall,  sustained  by  fluted  columns,  was  hung  with 
tapestry,  richly  ornamented  with  dark  figures  on  a  ground  of  deepest 
green,  according  to  the  fashion  of  the  times.  The  chimney-pieces  were 
of  Italian  marble,  and  cornices  of  stucco-work  and  other  costly  finish- 
ing embellished  the  parlor,  anterooms,  and  chambers.     The  grounds 

1  Mr.  Henry  Lee,  in  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proc,  1S80-S1,  pp.  347,  34S. 
•  Nason's  Frankland,  p.  41. 


1 66  ANNALS   OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

immediately  around  the  house  were  formed  into  terraces  by  the  hands 
of  slaves,  and  the  waters  from  the  Uving  springs  above  clothed  them  in 
livehest  verdure." 

The  church  which  these  people  had  built  for  themselves  to 
worship  in  had  much  in  harmony  with  the  character  of  their 
homes.  Its  noble  gravity  and  rich  ornamentation  added  a  cer- 
tain grandeur  to  the  costliness  of  their  private  dwellings ;  yet 
the  chief  characteristic  of  these,  in  spacious  comfort  for  family 
life,  was  preserved  in  the  great  square  pews,  where  each  group 
of  worshippers  could  stand  in  praise  and  kneel  in  prayer  apart 
from  others,  —  little  separate  homes  within  the  great  shrine. 
It  was  a  typical  English  church  of  the  Georgian  age ;  a  type 
of  religion  equally  unlike  that  of  the  cathedrals  where  all  kneel 
side  by  side,  and  that  of  the  undevout  gregariousness  of  the 
modern  "  lecture-room,"  ■ —  a  nursery  of  that  family  religion 
which  is  the  strength  of  the  State. 

The  completion  of  the  church  went  on.  An  item  of  expense 
connected  with  the  work  is  noted :  — 

1752.  Jan.  23.  To  2  gallons  rum,  del'd  Wm.' Bacon     .     .  £6  ly.  04^/. 

Old  bills  are  on  file  which  show  that  May  3,  1753,  Joseph 
Russell  and  William  More  were  paid  for  laying  the  floor  at  8/  p 
square  ;  the  window  frames  at  13/4^.  the  lower,  and  18/  8d.  the 
upper. 

James  Ridgeway,  of  Boston,  bricklayer,  had  contracted, 
March,  1753,  "to  hew  or  hammer  as  many  Stones  as  will  be 
needful  to  rebuild  the  West  End  of  King's  Chapel,  and  a  Part 
of  the  Steeple  proportionable  thereto ;  and  ...  to  rebuild  the 
wall  of  the  said  West  End  from  the  Water  Table  inclusive,  till 
it  meet  with  the  Roof;  .  .  .  the  Wall  on  each  Side  the  Steeple 
to  be  3  foot  thick  ;  ...  the  Wall  of  the  Steeple  to  be  every- 
where 4  foot  thick." 

William  Bacon  agreed  to  furnish  "  all  the  Oak  Timber  @ 
26/  Sd.  lawful  money  p  ton,  and  all  the  Joyce  @  £3  4/  p.  thou- 
sand," March  3,  1753  ;  and  John  Orr  "  all  the  white  Pine  Timber 
for  the  Church,"  July  20,  1753. 

April  10,  1753,  it  was  agreed  to  pay  Temple  Decoster,  house- 
wright,  "  for  his  Services  as  an  Overseer  or  Director,  and  as  a 
Draftsman  for  the  Workmen,  for  £13  6s.  8d.  lawful  money, 
.  .  .  and  for  whatever  Work  he  shall  be  Employed  in  as  a 
Housewright,  .  .  .  the  same  Price  (allowing  for  the  Difference 
of  Money),  That  the  Housewrights  were  paid  who  Built  the 
South  Brick  Meeting  House,  in  the  year  1729  and  1730." 


CHURCH   WORTHIES.  167 

Onesipherous  Tilestone,  housewright,  was  "  to  frame  the  Roof 
with  its  Floor,  .  .  .  the  Gallary  Floors,  etc,"  Aug.  14,  1753. 

Scott  and  McLane  slated  the  seventy-two  squares  in  King's 
Chapel  roof,  making  fifty-four  and  one  quarter  loads  of  slate, 
for  ^195  14s.  8d.,  for  which  payments  were  made  in  1753,  1754, 
and  1755;  while  Temple  Decoster  agreed  "to  work  or  make 
and  put  up  the  great  lonick  Cornish  under  the  Eves  of  the  said 
Chapel  ...  for  3/  p  Foot,  running  measure."  The  glazier's 
work  cost  ;^i5i  18s.  lod. 

Peter  Roberts,  housewright,  contracted  to  "  build  and  finish, 
ready  to  be  put  up,  forty  Pews  in  the  south  part  of  King's  Chap- 
pell  now  rebuilding,  in  a  good  and  workmanlike  manner,  .  .  . 
to  consist  of  three  rows,  —  one  to  Extend  along  the  wall  of  s-' 
South  Side,  which  is  to  be  lin'd  with  wainscoat  as  high  as  the 
Pew,  ,  .  .  the  other  Pews  to  Consist  of  six  Pannells  of  a  side  ; 
The  Square  Pews  in  proportion.  All  the  part  of  the  pews  that 
fronts  the  Isles  to  be  Quarter-rounded,  and  the  other  part  to  be 
Square  work,  and  Each  pew  to  be  finish  with  a  proper  floor, 
rabited  seats,  and  breast-board,  .  .  .  for  £2  2s.  8d.,  lawfull 
money,  p  pew." 

William  More  contracted,  Dec.  ii,  1753,  "to  Hew,  Scarf, 
frame  in  a  Plate,  put  up  and  fix  in  their  proper  Places,  .  .  . 
Twenty  large  Pillars  for  £ii,  lawful  money,"  and  other  interior 
carpenter  work;  and  also  to  build  forty  pews  in  the  north  part 
of  King's  Chapel. 

Ebenezer  Messenger  agreed  "  to  turn  in  a  neat  and  handsome 
Manner  all  the  Palasters  that  shall  be  wanted  to  go  round  the 
Communion  Table,"  Jan.  21,  1754;  and  also  "to  turn,  etc.,  all 
the  Balasters  that  shall  be  wanted  to  go  round  the  Top  of 
King's  Chapel  Church,  agreeable  to  a  Plan  drawn  by  M-  Peter 
Harrison." 

Although  the  interior  lacked  the  solemn  and  substantial  dig- 
nity which  it  would  have  received  if  it  could  have  used  Mr. 
Allen's  generous  gift  of  freestone  for  the  pillars  and  cornices,  it 
had  been  beautified  by  an  artist  in  wood,  whom  indeed  this  loyal 
folk  would  have  left  unemployed  could  they  have  foreseen  that 
twenty  years  later  he  would  be  preparing  the  artillery  which 
would  drive  the  British  troops  from  Boston,  and  the  hapless 
"  King's  friends "  with  them.  The  capitals  of  the  Corinthian 
pillars  were  carved  by  William  Burbeck,^  and  cost  each  ^30 

1  Mr.  Burbeck  was  a  remarkable  in-  there  July  22,  1785.  His  son.  Gen. 
stance  of  New  England  capacity.  He  Henry  Burbeck,  who  died  in  New  Lon- 
was  born  in   Boston  in   1715,  and  died     don  Oct.  2,  1848,  aged  ninety-four  years, 


1 68 


ANNALS   OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


old  tenor,  while  the  twenty  Corinthian  pillars  were  furnished 
by  Ebenezer  Messenger  at  forty  shillings  each. 

Peter  Roberts  contracted  January,  1757,  "  to  make  and  put 
up  the  entablatures  for  nine  large  Pillars  of  the  Corinthian  Or- 
der on  the  south  side  of  King's  Chapel ;  to  make  the  noseing  to 
s^  Pillars  where  they  shall  be  wanting  ;  to  put  up  the  Capitals 
as  they  shall  be  finish'd  by  the  Carver,  and  to  finish  each  Pillar 
compleatly  agreeable  to  a  Plan  drawn  by  Mr.  Peter  Harrison,  of 
New  Port,  the  carving  work  only  excepted,  for  £6 ;  to  make  and 
put  up  all  the  Pillasters  with  their  Entablatures  on  the  South 
side  of  s?  Chapell ;  to  put  up  the  Capitals  of  the  same  .  .  . 
for  ;^8 ;  to  make  and  put  up  the  double  Pillasters  at  the  South- 
west End  .  .  .  for  ^5." 

William  More  contracted  to  do  the  same  on  the  north  side  of 
the  church,  January,  1757.^ 


wrote :  "  My  father  .  .  .  was  from  the 
humble  walks  of  life;  by  trade  a  carver. 
...  At  the  King's  Chapel  .  .  .  the  Co- 
rinthian capitals  of  the  pillars,  etc.,  were 
all  done  under  his  direction.  There  was 
a  vacancy  at  'Old  Castle  William'  of 
the  second  officer,  or  gunner  (then  so 
called),  about  1760,  which  he  applied 
for  and  obtained.  ...  By  close  applica- 
tion he  made  himself  a  proficient  in 
mathematics  and  teacher  in  gunnery. 
He  next  applied  himself  to  artillery  and 
its  different  branches,  and  .  .  .  made 
great  proficiency ;  .  .  .  also  in  pyrotech- 
nics, in  which  he  was  very  competent  in 
his  day.  He  prepared  the  fireworks  for 
the  celebration  of  the  Stamp  Act.  .  .  . 

"  He  made  an  agreement  with  his 
friend,  Dr.  Warren,  in  1774,  who  was 
'  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Safety,' 
that  in  case  hostilities  commenced  with 
Great  Britain  he  should  join  the  Ameri- 
can standard  ;  and  it  was  further  stipu- 
lated that  he  should  receive  for  life  the 
same  pay  and  emoluments  he  then  re- 
ceived, provided  we  obtained  and  estab- 
lished our  Independence.  The  contract 
was  always  fulfilled  by  the  State,  and  he 
received  the  pay  to  his  death.  .  .  .  My 
father  was  to  superintend  the  laboratory 
and  artillery,  and  see  that  everything 
was  prepared  for  service.  I  can  say, 
without  fear  of  contradiction,  that  then 
there  was  no  man  more  capable  in  this 
country.  My  father  came  from  Castle 
William  in  his  own  canoe  to  receive  his 
quarterly  payment  ...  on  the  day  of  the 


battle  of  Lexington  ;  he  did  not  return. 
He  was  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  Artil- 
lery in  the  winter  of  1775-76,  subse- 
quently returning  to  his  post  at  the 
Castle  under  the  new  Government."  — 
N.  E.  Hist,  and  Geneal.  Reg.  xii.  351, 
352.     Drake's  Cincinnati. 

1  Acco'.  of  the  Costs  of  Capitals  and 
Pilasters  for  King's  Chappell,  and  of  the 
Subscribers  towards  them  :  — 

£  s.  d. 

13.  06.  oS 
13.  06.  08 
13.  06.  08 
13.  06.  08 

4.  04.  00 

5.  12.00 

4.  04.  GO 

8.  13.  08 


Rev'?  Mr.  Caner  .  .  . 
Cha  Ward  Apthorp  .  . 
Nathl  Wheelwright  .  . 
W™  Vassall,  Esq.  .  .  . 
Mr.  Gilb*  Deblois,  63/stg. 
Mrs.  Quick,  4  guineas  .  . 
Mr.  Tho.  Oliver,  3  guineas 
Mr.  Goold  ) 

Gilbert  Deblois  S     '     '     ' 
Mr.  Shrimpton  Hutchinson,  5 

guineas    

Henry  Lloyd,  Esq.,  5  guineas 
Mr.  J.  A.  Smith,  ten  guineas 
Mr.  Ed.  Brinley,  14  dollars, 

equall  to  3  guineas  .  .  . 
Powers  Mariot,  10  dollars  of 

Mr.  Vassall 

Mr.  W"  Vassall,  for  Sir  Hv 

Frankland  subscrip  .  .  . 
Col.  Geo  Williamson  .  .  . 
Cash  p.  the  hands  of  the  Rev"? 

Mr.  Caner  from  a  person 

unknown      


7.  GO.  GO 

7.  00.  00 

14.  GG.  GO 

4.  04.  GO 

3.  GO.  00 

13.  06.  08 

4.  00.  GO 


;^i40.  13.  00 


THE   NEW   ORGAN.  1 69 

In  1756  a  balustrade  was  built  round  the  church,  greatly- 
relieving  the  severe  bareness  of  the  exterior.  This  ornament, 
which  still  appears  in  the  engraving  of  the  church  prefixed  to 
Greenwood's  History  in  1833,  in  time  fell  into  decay,  and 
being  removed  has,  unfortunately,  never  been  replaced.  In 
1762  work  was  done  on  the  chancel,  and  the  church-tower 
was  shingled.  In  1766  a  foundation  was  dug  for  a  vestry- 
room,  and  a  small  wooden  building  erected  for  that  purpose. 
There  is  on  file  a  memorandum,  April  26,   1768, — 

That  I,  Ebenezer  Miller,  of  Braintree,  ...  do  promise  and  oblige 
my  Self  to  Sylvester  Gardiner,  Esq'',  Treasurer  to  the  Committee  for  re- 
building the  Church  called  Kings  Chapel  in  Boston,  to  procure,  or  cause 
to  be  procured,  whatever  quantity  of  the  South  Common  Braintree 
stones  the  Committee  shall  have  ocasion  for  in  Rebuilding  the  Tower 
of  said  Church,  the  stones  to  be  to  the  likeing  and  satisfaction  of  the 
Masons  employed  in  building  the  Same,  for  ^4  p"  boat  load,  each  boat 
load  to  weigh  twenty-four  Tons,  and  to  be  delivered  at  such  Whaarf  in 
the  town  of  Boston  as  the  said  Sylvester  Gardiner  shall  appoint.  And 
the  said  Ebenezer  Miller  doth  further  promise  and  engage  to  Cart,  or 
Cause  to  be  carted,  the  Said  stones,  as  well  as  the  North  Common 
Stones  he  shall  provide  for  said  Tower,  from  the  Whaarf  where  they  Shall 
be  landed  in  Boston  aforesaid,  to  the  Kings  Chapel,  without  damage  or 
breakage,  for  the  Sum  of  Sixteein  Shillings  p'  boat  load  of  24  Tons. 

But  the  records  of  the  Building  Committee  have  disappeared, 
and  our  other  Records  are  silent  as  to  the  details  of  the  slow 
completion  of  the  building;  nor  can  we  now  tell  whether  this 
paper  relates  to  the  completion  of  the  tower  in  its  present  form, 
or  whether  it  looked  to  the  carrying  out  of  the  architect's  origi- 
nal plan  of  a  spire,  which  was  prevented  by  the  long  depression 
before  and  during  the  Revolutionary  war.^ 

In  1756,  also,  the  noble  organ  which  stood  in  the  west  gal- 
lery, and  was  so  long  the  pride  of  the  church,  was  procured 
from  England,  and  paid  for  by  the  subscription  of  individuals 
belonging  to  the  church.  Its  original  cost  in  London  was 
;^500  sterling;  and  when  all  charges  were  added,  its  whole 
expense  amounted  to  £6^  (the  freight  being  ^55).  As  it 
was  obtained  by  private  subscription,  no  mention  is  made  of  it 
in  the  Records.  But  our  files  contain  a  letter  from  Thomlin- 
son,  Trecothick,  and  Co. :  — 

1  An  estimate  of  the  cost  of  building  3  Sides  ;  675  Ton  of  Stone  makes  the  up- 

the  steeple  calculates  —  "  1715^  Ton  and  per  30  foot  of  the   Steeple  four   Sides; 

2  foot   Stone   makes   the    Body   of   the  2870^  Ton  of  Stone  for  the  Whole,  @ 

Chapel  and  Chancel,  and  one  Side  of  ye  ^1^3  a  Ton  =  ;[^8,6ii  los."    The  estimate 

Tower ;   480   Ton   of  Stone   makes  the  of   amount  and  cost  of  stone  to  rebuild 

first  30  foot  of  the  Steeple,  real  measure  the  church  had  been  ;i^22,92i  \s.  %d. 


170 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


London,  15th  June,  1756. 

Gents,  —  We  have  at  length  the  Pleasure  of  inclosing  your  Invoice  Bill 
of  Lading  for  your  Organ,  w".''  is  ship'd  on  board  the  "  Bearer,"  Cap!  Farr, 

and  cost  £sT^  ^^i".  2^. it  has  been  very  thoroughly  tried  by  Mr. 

Stanley  and  several  other  of  the  most  noted  Organists,  who  agree  in  pro- 
nouncing it  a  fine  toned,  compleat  Instrument. we  have  no  other 

Fear  about  it  than  that  of  its  meeting  an  Accident  on  its  way  to  you. 

Inclosed  are  some  Directions  from  Mr.   Bridges ;  also  a  Certificate 

from  some  of  the  Gent?  who  have  tried  it. the  Alteration  made 

was  judged  quite  necessary,  and  indeed  Mr.  Stanley  is  of  Opinion  that 
it  would  have  been  as  compleat,  altho'  some  other  parts  of  the  Direction 
had  been  disregarded. 

Mr.  Bridges  has  found  it  a  very  hard  Bargain ;  and  to  enable  him  to 
carry  it  thro,  we  have  been  obhged  to  advance  him  part  of  the  money 
some  time  ago,  and  to  pay  him  the  whole  remainder  on  delivery.^ 

^  The  subscription  list  is  also  preserved:  — 

T/ie  Organ  belotiging  to  ICing's  Chappell. 


Mrs.  Quick     .     . 
Mr.  Harris  on  Ac'=* 
P.  Marriott     . 
Dr.  Johonnot 
H3f  T.  Lloyd 
Gov^   Shirley 
C.  Wd  Apthorp 
Jn?  Apthorp 
Rob^  Stone     . 
G.  Deblois .     . 

C.  Paxton 
W.  Alexander 
Capt.  S^  Loe  . 
Maj.  Halkett 
Capt.  Cotnam 
A. Johonnot  . 
Mr.  Campbell 
W.  Vassall  . 
R.  Lechmere  . 
T.  Hayes    .     . 

Capt.  Patten  . 
Tim.  Fitch      . 
Gent"}  Unknown 
Doctor  Tailer 
Isaac  Royall 
Jas.  Smith 
My  Jackson 
S.  Deblois  . 
Jas.  Ivers  . 
S.  Hutchinson 
E.  Hutchinson 


£   s.   d. 
.   10.  10.  00         Mr.  Hase 

of  the  Old  Organ 

5.  GO.  00         Doct^  Gardiner 


5.  05.  00 
5.  05.  00 

31.  10.  GO 
IG.  10  00 
IG.  10.  00 
3.  03.  00 
10.  IG.  GO 

IG.  10.  00 
5.  05.  00 
5.  05.  GO 
5.  05.  GO 

3.  03.  00 

4.  04.  GO 

5.  g8.  go 

10.  IG  GO 

5.  gS.  go 
I.  or.  GO 


I.  16.  GO 

I.  01.  GO 

10.  ID  GO 

1.  GO.  GO 
I  5.  GO.  GO 
10.  10.  GO 

2.  02.  CO 

1.  16.  00 

2.  G2.  00 
5.  05.  00 
5.  05.  GO 


N.  Wheelwright 
William  Price 
Jn°.  Shirley 
J.  Apthorp 
Tho!  Hawding 
Ed.  Brinley    . 
L.  Deblois 

Capt.  Kineer 
Mr.  Hervey    . 
A.  Mortier      . 
Cpt.  Goold     . 
Mr.  Royall     . 
J.  Erving,  Jr. 
A  Gent"}  Unknown 
Ja=    Forbes    . 
Joh?  Brooker 
Mrs.  MacNeil 


Jos.  Rhodes  . 

A.  Quick  .  . 
Capt.  Dewar . 
S^  Hy  Frankl-? 
P.  Mascarene 
jno  Wheatley 
David  Fick 

B.  Pratt  . 
Collected  . 
D':  Kast  . 
B'.  Gibbins 


Carried  forward 


£  s. 
1. 01. 

10.  00. 

10.  IG. 

5.  GO. 

10.  10. 

10.   10. 
30.  GO. 

5  05. 

IG.  IG. 


GO 

£  s.  d. 

42. 19.  04 

S-05- 


185.  09.00 


5- OS- 
S'OS- 
S'05- 
2.05. 

IG.  10. 


3- 06. 

3-03- 
1. 16. 

o.  iS. 


GO 
00 
GO 
GO 
00 
GO 
GO 
GO 
GO 
GO 


5- 06. 

5-oS- 

I.  02. 

10.  10. 


98.  17.  00 


140.  05.  00 
467.  03.  04 


THE    NEW   ORGAN.  171 

The  bill  of  lading,  still  preserved  among  our  papers,  is  in- 
teresting from  its  pious  formula :  — 

Shipped  by  the  Grace  of  God  in   good  Order  and  well  conditioned, 

by  Thomlinson,  Trecothick,  &  Company,  in  and  upon  tlie 

K.  C.  good  Ship  called  the  "  Pultney,"  whereof  is  Master  under 

No.  I  to  44.    God  for   this   present   Voyage  Thomas   Farr,   and   now 

riding  at  Anchor  in  the  River  Thames,  and  by  God's 

Grace  bound  for  Boston,  New  England. 

to  say 
Forty  four  Cases  and  Parcells  containing  an  Organ, 
...  to  be  delivered  in  the  like  good  Order  and  well 
conditioned  .  .  .  (the  Danger  of  the  Seas  only  excepted) 
unto  Charles  Apthorp,  Esqf,  or  to  his  Assigns,  he  or  they 
paying  Freight  .  .  . 
with  Primage  and  Average  accustomed.  .  .  . 

.  .  .  And  so  God  send  the  good  Ship  to  her  desired 
Port  in  safety.     Amen. 

A  prayer  which  many  lovers  of  the  church  must  have  breathed. 
The  "  Boston  Gazette  and  Country  Journal  "  of  Aug.  30,  1756, 
announced  to  its  readers, — 

"  We  hear  that  the  organ,  wh.  lately  arrived  from  London,  by  Capt. 
Farr,  for  King's  Chapel  in  this  Town,  will  be  opened  on  Thursday  next 
in  the  Afternoon  ;  and  that  said  organ  (wh.  contains  a  variety  of  curi- 
ous stops  never  yet  heard  in  these  parts)   is  esteemed  by  the  most 


Brt.  Over. 
By  Cash  of  Sundry 
Dr.  Gardner        .     . 
C.  Apthorp     .     .     . 
Mrs.  Wharton     .     . 
Robt.  Heeres      .     . 

Persons      .     , 

ToCr. 

£  s.  d. 
467.  03.  04 

46.  09.  06 

.     5.  05.  00 
.     5.  05.  00 
.    0.  09  00 
.     1 .  00.  00 

G.  Deblois     .     . 
M.  Brimmer  .     . 
Jon?  Lernard 
Glass  I  took  .     . 

•    3-  03-  00 

.     I.  01.  00 

.     .    0.  09. 00 

.     .  29.  17.  06 

M^  Bourryan's  heirs 

513. 12. 10 
60.  00.  00 

.     5.  05.  00 
.     3.  03.  00 
.    7.07.00 

John  Box       .     . 
James  Dalton     . 
M'J'=  Jackson 

S.  Wentworth     . 
Coll  Bradstreet  . 

•  3-  03-  00 

•  3-  03-  00 
.     .    0.  00. 00 

Hugh  Hall,  esq. 
S   Greenleaf  .     .     . 
J.Powell     .     .     .     . 

573. 12.  00 
24. 19.  00 

.     2.  02.  00 
.     I.  16.  00 

9.  00.  00  } 
6.  12.  00  ) 

An.  Oliver,  Jun"' 
Cazneau     .     .     .     . 

59S.  II.  10 
19. 10. 00 

M''   Th"  Rainey    . 

618.  01.   ID 
t,.  01;.  00 

^^623.  06.  10 

172  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

eminent  masters  in  England  to  be  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  any  of  the 
same  size  in  Europe.  —  There  will  be  a  sermon  suitable  to  the  Occa- 
sion;^ Prayers  to  begin  at  4  o'clock." 

The  next  festival  season  of  the  church  saw  the  first  of  these 
"  musical  notices "  in  the  public  prints  which  have  become 
prevalent  in  recent  years. 

"  We  hear,  That  on  Christmas-Day  Morning  Service  will  begin  at  Ten 
o'clock  at  King's  Chapel ;  and  that  there  will  be  an  Anthem  on  the 
Occasion."  ^ 

"  There  is  a  current  tradition  respecting  this  organ  that  it  was 
selected  by  Handel  himself.  Taking  into  consideration  the 
above  reference  to  '  the  most  eminent  masters  in  England,'  we 
receive  this  tradition  as  founded  in  truth.  And,  moreover,  as 
the  organ  was  designed  for  the  King's  Chapel  in  New  England, 
we  may  readily  suppose  that  his  Majesty's  favorite  musician 
would  at  least  be  desired  to  give  his  opinion  of  its  merits ;  and 
that  this  opinion,  being  favorable,  might  be  called  a  '  selection,' 
even  if  the  '  mighty  master '  gave  himself  no  further  trouble 
with  its  purchase.  Handel  died  in  1758,  and  was  blind  eight 
years  before  his  death.  But  sight  was  not  at  all  necessary  in 
the  office  supposed  to  be  consigned  to  him;  and  though  his 
eyes  never  could  have  measured  the  external  proportions  of 
this  organ,  his  ears  most  probably  have  judged  of  its  tones  and 
powers,  and  his  own  hands  rested  on  its  keys."  ^ 

The  organ  retained  much  of  its  personality  during  one  hun- 
dred and  thirty  years.     It  was  repaired  again  and  again  at  great 

1  No  record  of  the  "  suitable  ser-  to  organs.  The  Christ  Church  Vestry 
mon"  is  preserved,  but  a  similar  dis-  Book  records  a  vote,  Aug.  11,  1752, — 
course,  by  a  son  of  King's  Chapel,  was  "That  Mr.  Tho^  Johnson  Make  for  this 
printed  a  few  years  later :  "  Of  Sacred  Church,  Called  Christ  Church,  a  New 
Poetry  aitd  Music.  A  Discourse  at  Organ,  with  the  Echo  Equall  to  that  of 
Christ- C/^//r^/^,  Cambridge,  At  the  Opeii-  TrinityChurch  of  this  Town."  "Thomas 
ing  of  the  Organ,  on  Tuesday,  XXI  Johnson  (father  of  John  Johnston,  born 
Aug.,  MUCCLXIV,  by  East  Apthorp,  in  1753)  was  known  as  an  escutcheon 
M.  A.,  Missionary  at  Cambridge.  Quis  maker,  and  built  the  first  organ  of 
ignorat,  musicen  tantum  jam  illis  an-  American  manufacttire  used  in  Boston, 
tiquis  temporibus  non  studii  modo,  ve-  Some  of  the  pipes  from  this  ancient  in- 
rum  etiam  venerationis  habuisse  ;  ut  strument  are  now  in  the  possession  of 
iidem,  musici  et  vates  et  sapientes  ju-  his  grandson,  John  J.  Soren.  He  died 
dicarentur  ?  —  Musicen  cum  divinarum  in  1765,  and  was  interred  in  King's 
rerum  cognitione  esse  conjunctam.  —  Chapel  Burying  Ground."  —  Drake's 
Quinctilian,  Lib.  I.  c.  X.  Boston,  Memorials  of  Massachusetts  Society  of 
MDCCLXIV."  the  Cincinnati,  p.  365. 

There  seems  to  have  been  a  rivalry  2  Newsletter,  Dec.  23,  1756. 

between  the  Boston  churches  in  regard  3  Greenwood,  pp.  130,  131. 


THE   NEW   ORGAN.  I  73 

cost;  in  i860  it  was  much  enlarged,  and  at  that  time  the  old 
key-board  was  taken  away.  According  to  the  custom  of  the 
period,  the  keys  which  now  are  white  were  originally  of  ebony, 
while  the  keys  which  now  are  black  were  made  of  ivory.  The 
outside  case,  and  many  of  the  pipes  and  some  of  the  sweetest 
stops  in  the  instrument,  remained  unchanged  until  1884.^ 
The  Records  proceed  :  — 

Voted,  May  lo*!",  1761,  That  whereas  Mr  Thomas  Dipper,  Organist  of 
King's  Chapel,  has  notify'd  the  Church  that  he  purposes  to  Comply 
w!l'  an  invitation  he  has  receivd  to  remove  to  Jamaica,  The  Two 
Church  Wardens,  with  George  Craddock,  Saml  Wentworth,  and  Syl- 
vester Gardiner,  Esq?,  be  a  Committee  to  write  to  Barlow  Trecothick, 
Esqr,  in  London,  to  procure  an  Organist  to  succeed  Mr.  Dipper  at 
King's  Chapell. 

Voted,  That  the  s'd  Committee  do  give  instructions  to  Mf  Trecothl"  to 
allow  a  Sum  to  the  Organist  he  shall  provide,  not  Exceeding  ^50  Stg. 
■^  Ann. 

Voted,  That  if  it  be  found  necessary  the  Committee  do  allow  ^10  Stg. 
toward  the  passage  of  an  Organist  from  England  hither. 

Voted,  That  the  Committee  do  instruct  their  Agent  to  oblige  the  Organ- 
ist he  shall  chuse  to  give  the  Church  twelve  Months  notice  whenever 
he  determines  to  Leave  it. 

Voted,  That  the  Committee  do  proceed  in  the  several  matters  before 
mentiond  with  all  possible  Expedition. 

Even  so  late  as  this  period  no  one.  it  seems,  on  this  side  of  the 
water  could  be  found  competent  to  play  on  our  noble  organ.^ 

1  For  an  account  of  the  subsequent  a  custom  for  organ  builders,  in  making 

changes  in   the  organ,  see  post,  p.  560.  repairs,  sixty  and  seventy  years  ago,  to 

The   instrument    is    thus   described   by  make   exchanges   in   this   manner ;   and 

Mr.  George  Hedrick  : —  many  of  the  excellent  old  organs  were 

"  When  a  boy  I  was  acquainted  with  robbed  of  their  pipes,  and  inferior  ones 

the  organist,  Mr.  Stratford,  a  printer  by  put  in  their  place,  the  owners  being  igno- 

trade.     A  wealthy  merchant  of  the  So-  rant  of  the  pilfering,  perhaps  only  won- 

ciety,  Mr.  Eckley,  an  amateur  organist,  dering  why  a  certain  stop  or  set  of  pipes 

frequently  played  here;    also  Dr.  Jack-  did   not    hold    their    tone   as   formerly, 

son,  who  declared  the  organ  the  best  he  Some  years   since   the   interior  of   this 

had  ever  touched  in  America.     This  in-  organ  was  remodelled  by  Simmons  &  Co., 

strument  had  no  pedal  notes.     Sub-bass  parts  renewed,   new   keys    and   various 

pipes  were  not  known  in  any  organ  at  improvements   made,   and   it   is   now  a 

that  time.     In  1825  Mr.  Goodrich  added  magnificent    toned    instrument." —  Old 

a  sub-bass  to  it  and  a  double  bellows.  Churches  and  Old  Organs,  m  Lowell  Vox 

the  old  one  being  like  the  smith's  bel-  Populi,  April  i,  1876. 
lows.     It  is  said   that  he  took  a  good  ^  other  churches  also  had  difficulties 

many  of  the  pipes  out  of  the  organ  and  in  the  organ  loft :  "  Whereas,  M''   Buck 

substituted  his  own  instead;  but  the  fact  has  Given  Offence  to  y^  Church  by  his 

is  not  within  my  knowledge.     I  remem-  Obstinate  and  irreverent  Behaviour  in  y^ 

ber,  however,  that  it  was  believed  to  be  house  of  God,  and  suffering  others  So 


174  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Copy  of  part  of  the  Letter  wrote  on  the  foregoing  Occasion. 

The  Qualifications  of  the  Man,  and  the  Conditions  we  shall  Expect 
from  him,  are  such  as  these  :  That  he  understand  Musick  well,  and  par- 
ticularly the  Organ ;  That  he  be  a  man  of  a  good  Moral  Life  and  Con- 
versation ;  That  he  Contract  to  tarry  with  us  at  Least  7  Years ;  That  he 
be  oblig'd  to  give  the  Church  at  Least  a  Twelve  months'  Notice  when- 
ever he  intends  to  Leave  it. 

These  Last  Articles  are  what  we  are  desirous  he  should  Comply  with. 
Nevertheless,  we  Leave  it  to  you  to  abate  or  omit  any  of  them  according 
to  your  discretion,  except  the  Article  of  Salary,  which  we  can  by  no 
means  think  of  Enlarging. 

Copy  of  part  of  a  Letter  to  Mr.  Dipper. 

Aug.  13^  1762. 
Sir,  —  The  Committee  appointed  to  provide  an  Organist  for  King's 
Chapel,  hearing  that  you  have  not  succeeded  to  your  Mind  at  Jamaica, 
have  wrote  to  their  Agent  in  London  not  to  Engage  an  Organist  to 
come  from  thence  till  further  Orders,  determining  to  give  you  an  invita- 
tion to  return  to  Boston  ...  at  your  former  Salary. 

April  20,  1767,  Voted,  That  George  H.  Hartley  be  Continued  Organist 
for  the  Year  ensuing,  with  a  Salary  of  ;^53..6..8,  on  Conditions  y'  he 
Constantly  Attend  his  duty  at  Church  on  all  fasts  and  Festivals,  and 
that  he  keeps  the  Organ  Constantly  in  Tune. 

Whereas  it  is  represented  to  this  Church  that  the  Organ  is  so  foul 
and  Dirty  that  it  Cannot  be  well  tun'd. 

Voted,  that  the  Church  Warden  give  Mr  Hartley  such  Assistance  as 
will  be  Necessary  towards  taking  down  the  pipes  and  cleaning  the 
same. 

Another  ornament  was  received  with  more  hesitation. 

We,  the  Subscribers,  sensible  of  the  great  Expense  which  attends  the 
rebuilding  of  King's  Chapel,  and  willing  to  promote  and  encourage  the 
good  Work  to  the  best  of  our  Power,  have  agreed,  and  do  hereby  prom- 
ise, to  contribute  the  several  Sums  annexed  to  our  respective  Names 
towards  finishing  the  Chancel,  but  particularly  the  Altar-piece  of  said 
Church :  Withal  desiring,  and  hereby  appointing,  the  Rev=  ML  Caner  to 
take  the  Trust  and  Management  of  our  said  Subscriptions,  and  with  the 

to  Doo,  and  likewise  his  not  performing  Christ  Church  seems  to  have  had  to 

to  y^  Sattisfaction  of  y"^  Church  As  an  discipline  others  besides  its  organist.    Its 

Organist,  Vestry   book   records  :    "  June   4,    1728, 

"  Therefore  its  Voted,  that  the  Church  that  each  Church  Warden  that  doth  not 

has  no  more  service  for  him  as  an  Or-  appear   at   the   place   appointed   within 

ganist,   he   being   not    Worthy   of    that  two  hours  after    the    time   limitted  for 

Station." — Christ  CIncrch  Records  {Ves-  meeting.   Shall   pay  thirty   shillings   for 

try  Book),  Mar.  6,  1749-50.  each  Default." 


THE    NEW   ORGAN.  I  75 

same  to  procure  the  said  Altar-Piece,  to  be  finished  according  to  the 
Plan  agreed  on  by  the  Committee. 

Grizzell  Apthorpe  .     .     .  Ten  Guineas. 

Grizzell  Trecothick     .     .  Ten  Guineas. 
Mary  Apthorpe      .     .     . 

Ann  Gardiner    ....  Five  Guineas. 

Eliz'z  Gould      ....  Five  Guineas. 

Susan  Bullfinch.     .     .     .  ^^5.  8.  6. 

Sarah  Apthorpe  ....  Five  Guineas. 

Boston,  April  7^^,  1755.                   Anna  Wheelwright .     .     .  Five  Guineas. 

The  fate  of  this  picture,  which  is  said  to  have  been  a  copy,  by 
Benjamin  West,  of  an  Italian  painting,  is  related  in  a  later  entry 
in  our  Records :  — 

Mr  Edward  Davis's  account  of  the  picture  of  the  Last  Supper,  now  in 
the  Mansion  house  of  the  late  Governour  Hancock,  belonging  to  the 
proprietors  of  the  Stone  Chapel,  related  to  Eben"^,  Oliver,  and  Joseph 
May,  Church  Wardens.    June  y'l'  1803. 

This  valuable  painting  was  presented  by  some  Gentleman  in  London 
(Mr.  Davis  believes  Mr.  Trecothick),  to  the  King's  Chapel  in  Boston, 
for  an  altar  piece.  The  Wardens  and  Vestry,  being  desirous  to  avoid 
everything  which  might  hurt  the  feelings  of  the  most  scrupulous,  thought 
it  prudent  to  suspend,  for  a  time  at  least,  the  introduction  of  this  picture 
into  the  Church,  and  deposited  it  with  their  then  Minister,  the  Rev""-  Henry 
Caner,  D.D.  When  the  British  troops  who  garrisoned  this  metropolis 
in  1775,  etc.,  were  about  to  abandon  it,  many  of  the  inhabitants  went 
with  them,  —  Dr.  Caner  among  others.  The  Dr.  embarked  so  precipi- 
tately that  he  left  his  house  with  his  library,  furniture,  and  family  stores 
undisposed  of  The  British  soldiers  soon  began  to  plunder  the  stores  in 
the  Cellar,  particularly  the  liquors.  This  being  known  to  Colonel  Agneau, 
he,  with  Mr.  Davis  and  a  guard,  went  into  the  house  and  fastened  up 
and  secured  the  breaches  which  the  soldiers  had  made.  On  entering  the 
library,  Colonel  Agneau,  struck  with  the  sight  of  the  picture  of  the  Last 
Supper,  requested  Mr.  D.  to  receive  that  valuable  painting  into  his  house, 
that  it  might  not  be  desecrated  by  the  soldiery.  Mr  D.  consenting,  it  was 
taken  by  the  guard,  by  Colonel  Agneau's  order,  and  placed  in  the  great 
entry  of  Mr.  D's  house,  being  the  same  now  owned  and  occupied  by 
Wl"  Phillips,  Jun.,  Esq.  And  on  the  first  influx  of  the  American  soldiers, 
after  the  British  troops  had  evacuated  the  garrison,  the  town  soon  be- 
came very  tumultuous,  and  the  Inhabitants  fear'd  being  abandoned  to 
plunder.  Mr.  Davis  received  a  visit  from  the  Hon''.'"  Mr.  Hancock, 
whose  benevolence  had  prompted  him  to  Call  on  Mr.  D.,  to  tender  him 
his  friendship  and  protection.  Mr.  Davis  requested  Mr.  Hancock  to 
allow  the  picture  of  the  Last  Supper,  belonging  to  the  proprietors  of  the 


176  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

King's  Chapel,  to  be  lodg'd  for  safe  keeping  at  his  (Mr.  Hancock's)  man- 
sion house,  which  request  M'  Hancock  granted,  and  the  picture  was  ac- 
cordingly lodged  there  for  safe  keeping  by  Mr  Davis. 

Jos.  May. 
Cost  of  Altar-piece  :  — 

£.    s.    d. 

Peter  Roberts's  work 25.  17.  04 

Mr.  Trecothick's  expenses  in  send?  a  picture  to  King's  Chap- 
pell    13.  06.  08 

Peter  Roberts,  for  work  and  stuff 12.  13.  02 

Peter  Roberts,  for  stuff 3.  01.  06 

^54.  18.  08 

The  following  notification  was  read  in  King's  Chapel  on  Easter 
Sunday,  March  26,  1758,  immediately  after  afternoon  service:  — 

The  prop"'"  of  this  Church  are  desired  to  attend  publick  prayers  to- 
morrow at  II  o'clock,  and  afterwards  to  proceed  to  the  Choice  of 
Church  officers  for  the  present  year,  and  to  attend  what  other  Business 
of  the  Church  as  shall  then  be  laid  before  them. 

This  custom  of  having  prayers  before  the  Easter  meeting 
was  continued  until  the  Revolution.  In  1874,  however,  the 
Daily  Vesper  Service  was  held  on  Easter  Monday,  —  the  first 
time  since  1775  that  any  religious  service  has  been  held  here 
on  that  day. 

While  the  church  was  thus  becoming  beautified,  there  are 
traces  of  the  interest  and  influence  which  its  ministers  had  in 
the  extension  of  the  cause  of  the  Church  of  England.  Rev. 
Mr.  Peters  wrote  to  the  Secretary:  ^  — 

"  Mary  Corsett,  of  Boston,  in  her  will,  Oct.  29,  1744,  gave  '^^300  old 
tenor  towards  finishing  the  Church  of  England  building  at  Hebron,' 
Conn.  Her  executors  [dissenters]  '  never  could  find  out  that  any 
Churcli  was  at  Hebron  until  the  Rev.  Mr.  Caner  (by  desire)  asked  for 
the  payment. 


)  )» 


And  Rev.  Mr.  Davis  wrote  :  ^  — 

"Dec.  28,  1762.  By  advice  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Caner,  of  Boston,  a  few 
families  in  Barrington,  the  westernmost  settlement  of  that  Colony,  sent 
their  earnest  desire  that  I  would  come  and  visit  them.  Accordingly,  in 
September  last  I  went  (it  is  sixty  miles)  and  preached  to  a  large  con- 
course of  people,  and  baptized  some  children,  and  instructed  them  in 
the  meaning,  use,  and  propriety  of  the  Common  Prayer  Book.     They 

1  Connecticut  Church  Documents,  ii.  75.  2  Hjij  p  ^3. 


THE   LAST   KING'S    LECTURER.  1 77 

informed  me  that  many  of  them  had  long  been  dissatisfied  with  their 
dissenting  instructions,  being  constantly  taught  rigid  Calvinism,  and  that 
sin  was  of  infinite  advantage  and  adx-anced  happiness  gi-eatly  in  the 
world ;  that  if  the  Church  was  introduced  there  they  must  pay  tithes ; 
that  the  Church  was  just  like  the  papists ;  that  the  Service-book  was 
taken  from  the  JMass-book,  etc." 

Nov.  4,  1763,  steps  were  taken  to  organize  an  Episcopal 
church  in  Falmouth,  afterwards  "  St.  Paul's  Church,  Portland," 
where  the  Rev.  Mr.  Brockwell  had  first  sowed  the  seed  nine 
years  before;  and  the  Rector  of  King's  Chapel  was,  of  course, 
in  friendly  relations  with  the  missionary  enterprises  in  Maine, 
fostered  by  his  parishioner  Dr.  Gardiner.  But  the  church 
which  must  have  been  in  the  closest  social  and  personal  affilia- 
tions with  King's  Chapel  was  Christ  Church,  Cambridge,  whose 
minister  was  a  son  of  one  of  the  leading  parishioners  in  King's 
Chapel.  The  origin  of  this  church  is  thus  described  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Holmes,  in  his  "History  of  Cambridge:  "  — 

"In  I  761  five  or  six  gentlemen,  each  of  whose  income  was  judged  to 
be  adequate  to  the  maintenance  of  a  domestic  chaplain,  were  desirous 
to  have  an  episcopal  church  built,  and  a  missionary  fixed,  at  Cambridge. 
This  year,  accordingly,  a  church  was  erected,  and  the  Revernd  East  Ap- 
thorp  took  charge  of  it,  as  missionary  from  the  Society  for  the  Propaga- 
tion of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts."  ^ 

This  gentleman  was  the  fourth  son  of  Charles  Apthorp,  Esq. 
He  had  been  educated  at  Jesus  College,  Cambridge,  England, 
of  which  he  was  afterwards  a  Fellow,  and  where  he  had  pro- 
ceeded A,  B.  in  1755.  This  educated,  refined  gentleman,  who 
fondly  hoped  to  introduce  something  of  the  ecclesiastical  order 
of  his  English  university  in  our  Puritan  Cambridge,  found  him- 
self plunged  into  a  controversy  of  the  first  magnitude,  of  which 
he  was  largely  the  cause,  as  a  later  chapter  will  relate.  The 
architect  of  the  new  church  was  Mr.  Peter  Harrison,  of  New- 
port, who  produced  a  masterpiece  of  simplicity  and  beauty, 
equalling  in  wood  his  work  for  King's  Chapel  in  a  more 
enduring  material.^ 

The  chief  concern,  however,  of  the  Rector  and  the  King's 

1  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.  vii.  34.  sal,  Ralph  Inman,  Thomas  Oliver,  David 

2  "The  original  subscription  for  build-  Phips,  Robert  Temple,  James  Apthorp." 
ing  Christ  Church,  Cambridge,  is  dated  —  Hoppin's  Sermon  on  the  Re-opening  of 
at  Boston,  April  25,  1759.  The  petition  Christ  Church,  1859,  p.  21.  Half  of 
to  the  [Venerable]  Society  was  signed  these  signers  were  members  of  King's 
by  Henry  Vassal,  Joseph  Lee,  John  Vas-  Chapel. 

VOL.  II.  — 12 


178  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Lecturer  was  with  the  affairs  of  Christ  Church,  Boston,  whose 
aged  minister,  long  disabled  by  paralysis,  was  totally  disabled 
for  years  from  his  sacred  functions.  A  vagrant  clergyman 
named  McClenaghan  gave  Dr.  Caner  much  uneasiness  by  his 
schemes  to  capture  that  pulpit.  His  career  is  pithily  sketched 
in  a  letter  from  the  Rev.  Dr.  Smith  to  Archbishop  Seeker:  ^  — 

"  Last  April  one  Mr  M^Clennaghan,  who  had  been  many  years  a 
dissenting  Preacher  in  New  England,  having,  on  some  misunderstanding 
with  his  brethren,  lately  become  a  Convert  to  the  Church  of  England, 
was  employed  by  the  Ven*!!!  Society  in  an  itinerant  Mission  on  the 
Frontiers  of  that  Colony.  This  Station,  however,  was  not  very  agreeable 
to  his  vagrant  temper ;  for,  by  the  best  accounts  I  can  obtain  (of  which 
the  Society  may  more  certainly  inform  themselves) ,  he  was  not  very  Con- 
stant in  his  attendance  on  his  Mission,  but  was  much  on  the  ramble  for 
better  preferment.  He  spent  much  of  his  time  in  and  about  Boston, 
affecting  the  Methodist  manner  and  doctrines  to  captivate  the  Multitude, 
and  had  his  Eye  chiefly  on  Dr  Cutler's  Congregation,  where,  by  reason 
of  the  J)"!  age  and  infirmities,  he  had  most  frequent  opportunities  of 
preaching.  But  his  manner  becoming  at  length  extremely  exceptionable, 
and  his  designs  being  discovered  by  an  application  of  many  of  the  people 
to  have  him  settled,  even  during  the  D'j  life,  as  his  coadjutor  and  suc- 
cessor, —  which  was  like  to  be  attended  with  much  Confusion  to  that  as 
well  as  the  other  Episcopal  Congregations  there,  —  the  Doctor,  with  much 
spirit,  upon  the  advice  of  his  brethren,  not  only  rejected  the  proposal, 
but  refused  him  any  further  use  of  his  pulpit ;  which  example  was  fol- 
lowed by  all  the  other  Clergy,  which  left  him  no  opportunity  of  doing 
further  hurt  there." 

He  then  went  to  Virginia,  and  returning  to  Philadelphia 
turned  Dr.  Jenney's  congregation  upside  down  :  — 

" .  .  .  M""  M^Clennaghan  proceeded  soon  after  to  New  England  to 
bring  his  family  and  Certificates ;  but  he  brought  none  of  any  moment, 
but  a  letter  from  Mess?  Caner  and  T7'outbec,  the  purport  of  which  was 
merely  negative,  viz.,  '  that  they  did  not  know  enough  of  M'  M^Clenna- 
ghan  to  give  any  character  of  him,  but  hoped  the  people  of  Philadelphia 
who  had  employed  him  would  find  no  exception  to  his  moral  behaviour.' 
This  is  the  substance  of  all  they  said,  which  he  procured  from  them 
under  pretence  that  his  settlement  at  Philadelphia  was  already  fixed, 

1  Philadelphia,  Nov.  28,  1759.  New  he  left  them,  "and  was  received,  con- 
York  Colonial  Manuscripts,  vii.  409.  firmed,  and  partook  of  the  Lord's  Sup- 
Rev.  William  McClenaghan  was  in-  per  under  the  establishment  of  the 
stalled  as  colleague  pastor  at  Rumney  Church  of  England,  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Marsh,  with  considerable  disaffection.  Timothy  Cutler,"  and  soon  went  to  Eng- 
On  Dec.  25,  1754,  although  the  church  land. —  Memorial  History  of  Boston,  ii. 
voted  unanimously  not  to  dismiss  him,  379. 


THE   LAST    KING'S    LECTURER.  179 

and  that  it  would  be  hard  and  unkind  to  disappoint  him  by  refusing  him 
a  few  lines  from  at  least  some  of  his  brethren.  Such  a  letter,  however, 
seemed  strange  from  men  living  in  Boston,  who,  whatever  they  might 
pretend,  could  not  be  strangers  to  the  man  who  had  made  so  much 
disturbance  in  several  of  their  Congregations ;  and,  indeed,  it  did  Mf 
M'^Clennaghan  no  service  here,  more  especially  when  it  was  found  that 
Governor  Pownall  was  so  far  from  consenting  to  join  in  a  character  of 
him  that  with  his  own  hand  he  tore  off  the  Province-Seal  from  one  for- 
merly drawn  up.  Nor  can  Mr  Caner  be  excused  for  not  writing  all  he 
knew  about  him,  except  by  considering  that  he  was  told  everything  at 
Philadelphia  was  concluded  upon,  and  that  it  would  be  only  making 
more  disturbance  to  write  the  whole  matter.  Added  to  this,  perhaps, 
they  were  not  ill-pleased  to  get  fairly  rid  of  him  at  Boston,  for  it  is 
now  known  that  neither  they  nor  any  of  the  other  Clergy  there  had  for 
some  time  past  allowed  him  any  use  of  their  pulpits.  .  .  .  With  a  huge 
stature,  and  voice  more  than  Stentorian,  up  he  started  before  his  Ser- 
mon ;  and  instead  of  modestly  using  any  of  the  excellent  forms  pro- 
vided in  our  Liturgy,  or  a  form  in  the  nature  and  substance  of  that 
enjoined  by  the  55'^  Canon,  he  addressed  the  Majesty  of  heaven  with  a 
long  Catalogue  of  epithets,  such  as  '  Sin-pardoning,  all-seeing,  heart- 
searching,  rein-trying  God.'  '  Wc  thank  thee  that  we  are  all  here  to- 
day, and  not  in  hell.''  Such  an  unusual  manner  in  our  Church  suffi- 
ciently fixed  my  attention,  which  was  exercised  by  a  strange  extempore 
rhapsody  of  more  than  20  minutes,  and  afterwards  a  Sermon  of  about 
68  Minutes  more,  which  I  think  could  hardly  be  religion,  for  I  am  sure 
it  was  not  Common  Sense.  I  have  heard  him  again  and  again,  and  still 
we  have  the  same  wild,  incoherent  rhapsodies,  of  which  I  can  give  no 
account,  other  than  that  they  consist  of  a  continual  ringing  the  Changes 
upon  the  words  Regeneration,  instantaneous  Conversion,  imputed  Right- 
eousness, the  new  Birth,  etc.  But  I  find  no  practical  use  made  of  these 
terms,  nor  does  he  offer  anything  to  explain  them,  or  to  tell  us  what  he 
would  be  at.  In  short,  My  Lord,  it  would  make  the  Ears  of  a  sober 
Christian  tingle  to  sit  and  hear  such  Preachments."  ^ 

1  "  His  powers  of  oratory  were  un-  which  he  was  appointed  in  the  begin- 
commonly  great ;  and  it  was  said  of  him,  ning  of  .  .  .  1755,  from  which  time  his 
that  when  in  the  pulpit  he  ought  never  salary  commenced.  While  in  London 
to  have  come  out  of  it,  and  when  out  of,  he  made  an  acquaintance  with  D":  Ward, 
he  ought  never  to  have  gone  into  it."  and  got  a  quantity  of  his  Quack  Medi- 

Dr.  Smith  wrote  again  to  the  Arch-  cines,  with  which  he  embarked,  purpos- 

bishop,  July  I,  1760  (Church  Documents,  ing  to  settle  wherever  he  could  in  the 

Penn.,  p.  320)  :  —  double  capacity  of  Quack  Doctor  and 

"  Mr.  Macclenaghan  .  .  .  had  various  Quack  Preacher.     In  his  way  he  stop'd 

Removesamong  the  Presbyterians,  owing  at    Halifax,  and  endeavoured   to   settle 

to  his  own  imprudent  and  restless  Tern-  himself  as  a   Physician  there,  as  I  am 

per,  till  about  four  years  ago  he  offered  informed.     But  matters  not  answering, 

himself  to  the  Church,  recommended  by  he  left  that  and  got  to  Boston  the  Sep- 

M':  Shirley  to  the  Kennebecque  Mission  tember  following,   near  7  months  after 

on  account  of  his  robust  constitution,  to  his  appointment  to  his  Mission.     When 


i8o 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


The  Records  of  Christ  Church  bear  abundant  testimony  to 
Dr.  Caner's  services  in  their  time  of  need.  Among  them  is  a 
paper  recording  a  vote  inviting  the  Rev.  Marmaduke  Brown: 

"  At  a  Meeting  of  the  Proprietors  of  Christ  Church  on  Sunday  after 
Evening  Service,  Jan^  8''',  1758,  Warn'd  from  the  Pulpitt  by  the  Revf 
Mr  Caner,  at  the  Desire  of  the  Minister  and  Wardens  of  Said  Church. 


he  came  to  Kennebeque,  M"^-  Caner 
writes  that  he  took  a  House  on  Lease 
for  three  years,  and  began  to  practise  as 
a  Physician,  pretending  to  perform  ex- 
traordinary Cures  by  means  of  certain 
Nostra.  At  the  same  time,  D"';  Cutler 
being  indisposed,  he  made  a  party  to 
force  himself  in  the  D':'^  Congregation. 
MK  Caner  seeing  this,  remonstrated  to 
M''  Macclenaghan  that  he  would  write 
to  the  Society  if  he  did  not  proceed  to 
his  Mission  (for  which  he  was  receiving 
his  Salary)  and  forbear  disturbing  other 
Congregations.  At  length,  viz' :  the  May 
following,  18  months  after  his  appoint- 
ment, he  went  to  Kennebeque  for  the 
first  time.  As  soon  as  he  was  gone, 
M''-  Caner  learned  that  he  was  deeply  in 
Debt,  which  soon  brought  him  back  to 
Boston  with  a  view  to  take  the  Benefit 
of  the  Act  of  Insolvency.  M''-  Caner, 
thinking  that  this  would  bring  a  reflexion 
on  the  Church,  writes  me  that  he  once 
more  sought  M''  Macclenaghan  out  (who 
appeared  now  only  on  Sundays),  and 
assured  him  that  if  he  proceeded  in  that 
manner  he  would  be  obliged  to  write  to 
the  Society  and  procure  his  dismission. 
He  asked  what  he  could  do,  seeing  his 
creditors  prevented  his  going  abroad  to 
discharge  the  duties  of  his  mission,  and 
his  Family  were  in  a  suffering  condi- 
tion. M''-  Caner  advised  him  to  en- 
deavour to  get  a  Living  in  the  back  parts 
of  Maryland  or  Virginia,  where,  by  good 
Economy,  he  might  maintain  his  Family 
and  save  something  to  pay  his  Debts 
justly.  He  took  the  hint,  went  to  Vir- 
ginia, made  an  agreement  for  a  Cure,  as 
he  says,  of  ;i^i50  ster :  p''  ann'",  obtained 
half  a  year's  Salary  in  advance,  and  was 
on  the  way  to  bring  his  Family  when, 
unluckily,  he  hit  upon  this  Town  [Phila- 
delphia]." 

Petitions  from  Mr.  McClenaghan 
while  a  Presbyterian  minister  at  Fal- 
mouth, Maine,  are  on  file  in  the  Massa- 
chusetts  Archives,   xii.    162,    166.     For 


references  to  his  career,  see  also  note  in 
Hist.  Coll.  Colon.  Ch.  Penn.,  p.  568. 
The  full  story  of  his  "riotous"  course 
in  Philadelphia  is  told  in  the  "  Life  and 
Correspondence  of  Rev.  William  Smith, 
D.D.,"  Vol.  L  Chap.  XVI. 

Anderson  (iii.  273)  says  that  he  "was 
elected  to  Assistant-minister's  place  in 
Philadelphia.  B'p  Sherlock  refused  to 
license  him,  and  the  Society  declared 
him  to  be  a  man  in  whom  they  could  no 
longer  repose  any  confidence." 

Christ  Church  had  other  associations 
with  the  life  of  the  time.  Its  Vestry 
Book  records:  "June  16,  1746.  Where- 
as. .  .  Oners  of  the  2  Privetrs  Queen  of 
Hungary  hath  made  a  present  to  Christ 
Church  in  Boston,  Of  4  Cherubims  and 
2  Glass  Branches  Taken  by  y"^  Said 
Vessell, 

"  Voted,  That  the  Branches  be  hung  in 
ye  body  of  the  Church,  And  y*^  Cheru- 
bims placed  on  y"^  Top  of  the  Organ." 

Still  more  remarkable  is  the  follow- 
ing:— 

"  Tuesday  in  the  Afternoon,  John 
Childs,  who  had  given  public  Notice  of 
his  Intention  to  fly  from  the  Steeple  of 
Dr.  Cutler's  Church,  perform'd  it  to  the 
Satisfaction  of  a  great  Number  of  Spec- 
tators ;  and  yesterday  in  the  Afternoon 
he  again  perform'd  it  twice.  The  last 
Time  he  set  off  with  two  Pistols  loaded, 
one  of  which  he  discharged  in  his  De- 
scent ;  the  other  missing  fire,  he  cock'd 
and  snap'd  again  before  he  reached  the 
Place  prepared  to  receive  him.  It  is 
suppos'd  from  the  Steeple  to  the  Place 
where  the  Rope  was  fix'd  was  about 
700  Feet  upon  a  Slope,  and  that  he  was 
about  16  or  18  Seconds  performing  it 
each  Time.  As  these  Performances  led 
many  People  from  their  Business,  he  is 
forbid  flying  any  more  in  the  Town.  The 
said  Child  says  he  has  flown  from  the 
highest  Steeples  in  England,  and  off  the 
Monument,  by  the  Duke  of  Cumberland's 
Desire."  —  Newsletter,  Sept.  8-15,  1757. 


THE    LAST   KINGS    LECTURER.  i8l 

"  It  was  propos'd  by  Mr  Caner,  considering  the  Age  and  Infirmity  of  the 
Rev^  Df  Cutler,  and  the  uncertain  Supply  of  this  Churcli  with  an  officiat- 
ing Minister,  wether  the  Proprietors  will  agree  to  desire  some  sutiable 
Person  to  undertake  the  Care  of  the  Church  as  Assistant  to  the  Said 
Dr  Cutler." 

A  letter  from  wardens  and  others  of  Christ  Church  to  Rev. 
Dr.  Bearcroft,  Secretary  to  the  Venerable  Society,  says :  — 

"Boston,  New  England,  May  lo*,  1758.  .  .  .  The  present  Con- 
dition of  Christ  Church  in  this  Town  is  very  unhappy.  D'-  Cutler  has 
been  incapable  of  publick  Duty  above  two  Years,  and  there  is  not  the 
least  Probability  that  he  will  ever  be  able  to  officiate  again.  .  .  .  Our 
chief  Dependance  has  been  upon  M'  Caner  and  M'  Troutbeck,  who, 
besides  supplying  the  Church  occasionally,  have  now  performed  the 
whole  Duty  of  the  Parish  for  a  full  Year,  —  a  Burden  which  they  have 
submitted  to  from  mere  Motives  of  Charity,  and  which  we  cannot  expect 
they  will  much  longer  continue.  .  .  ." 

The  Vestry  Book  of  Christ  Church  records:  — 

"Oct.  3,  1759.  Committee  to  wait  on  the  Rev"*  Mess?  Canner  and 
Troutbeck  next  Monday,  to  return  them  thanks  for  their  Good  Services 
to  the  Church,  and  to  know  of  them  whether  they  are  willing  to  continue 
their  Good  Offices  for  sometime  longer,  until  we  can  fix  on  some  person 
to  be  an  assistant  to  Doctor  Cutler,  and  can  have  him  obtain  Orders  and 
return  to  us,  and  also  to  inform  those  Gentlemen  that  measures  are  pur- 
suing to  Get  an  assistant,  and  to  advize  with  them  thereon. 

"  Voted,  That  the  Wardens  are  desired  to  wait  on  M'-  John  Baker,  to 
tell  him  that  sometime  next  Week,  if  agreeable,  the  Vestry  would  be  glad 
to  go  with  him  to  Point  Shirley,  to  Give  Oppertunity  to  M'-  James  Grea- 
ton  to  Read  prayers,  and  Give  a  Sermon  to  them  (if  sutable),  on  order 
that  a  judgment  may  be  made  whether  he  will  be  a  sutable  person  for 
Docf  Cutler's  assistant. 

"  Voted,  That  the  Wardens  are  desired  to  wait  on  M'-  James  Greaton, 
and  tell  him  that  the  Wardens  and  Vestry  would  be  glad  of  his  Com- 
pany next  week  to  Point  Shirley  to  Read  prayers  to  them,  and  Give 
them  a  Sermon  (if  suitable)." 

"June  II,  1760.  Voted,  that  the  Wardens  and  Vestry  wait  on 
Mess.  Canner  and  Troutbeck  with  their  thanks  for  their  Service  to  the 
Church  in  Supplying  the  Pulpit  during  the  time  of  the  Rev''-  D'-  Cutler's 
Indisposition." 

"Aug.  26,  1765.  Voted,  That  a  mourning  Ring  be  presented  to  the 
Rever'!  M'  Henry  Canner,  who  Preach'd  the  Funeral  Sermon  at  the 
Funeral  of  the  Rever'!  D^  Cuttler." 

"Oct.   7,  1766.      Voted,  that  a  Committee  be  appointed  to  wait  on 


l82  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

the   Rever"^  Dl  Canner,  to  know  what  he  has  to   Communicate  from 
the  Society  to  this  Church. 

"Voted,  That  Thomas  Ivers,  Hugh  McDaniel,  Alex'-  Chamberlain, 
Robert  Jenkins,  W"  Shippard,  and  Daniel  Malcom,  be  the  Committee 
to  wait  on  the  Rev'^  Dr.  Canner  tomorrow  at  three  o'clock,  p.  m." 

The  Christ  Church  Burial  Record  notes :  — 

"1765,  Aug!  20.  The  Rev'^  Doctor  Timothy  Cutler  was  Buried, 
Ag^  82." 

When  Dr.  Cutler  was  at  last  released,  his  younger  brother 
and  friend,  who  had  followed  him  from  Yale  College  to  Boston, 
and  from  youth  to  age,  fitly  preached  his  funeral  sermon.^  Dr, 
Caner  said :  — 

"  He  was  inflexible  indeed  in  his  principles  ;  these  he  accounted  sacred. 
And  as  he  had  deliberately  entertained  a  high  opinion  of  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  Church  of  England,  so  he  was  ever  zealous  in  its  defence. 
At  the  same  time,  he  took  particular  care  not  to  vary  from  its  rules,  but 
endeavoured  to  support  its  interests  and  preserve  its  authority  with  great 
integrity.  His  firmness  and  zeal,  his  attachment  and  perseverance  in 
the  true  faith  and  principles  of  the  Christian  religion,  deserve  the  greatest 
notice,  at  a  time  when  so  many  sit  loose  to  the  fundamental  articles  of 
it,  think  lightly  of  the  great  mysteries  of  our  redemption  by  Christ,  and, 
if  they  stop  short  of  barefaced  infidelity,  plunge  into  the  gulph  or  dead 
sea  of  latitudinarianism,  under  the  specious  name  of  morality." 

The  Christ  Church  Vestry  Records  proceed :  — 

'•'Oct.  9,  1766.  The  Committee  Appointed  to  wait  on  the  Rever'? 
Df  Canner,  to  know  what  he  had  to  Communicate  Relateing  this  Church, 
Report  — 

"  That  Df  Canner  has  in  his  letters  to  the  Society,  and  also  to  the 
Bishop  of  London,  Given  a  true  and  Just  account  of  the  State  of  this 
Church  ;  and  in  their  Letters  to  him  they  Intimate  that  they  are  of  Op- 
pinion  that  we  are  able  to  Suport  ourselves  without  their  Assistance,  and 
ask  his  Oppinion  ;  and  say  farther,  that  till  we  can  be  unanimous  among 
ourselves  the  Society  will  Give  us  none  of  their  Assistance." 

1  The  firm  Belief  of  a  future  Reward  a  the  Request  of  the  Wardens  and  Vestry 

powerful  Motive  to  Obedience  and  a  good  of  Christ  Church.     Boston:  Printed  by 

■^y^-  Thomas    and    John   Fleet   in   Cornhill. 

A  Sermon  Preached  At  Christ  MDCCLXV. 
Church  In  Boston,  August  20,  1765,  The  inner  title  reads  :  The  Future 
At  the  Funeral  of  the  Rev.  Timothy  Reward  A  Suitable  Motive  Of  Re- 
Cutler,  D.D.,  Late  Rector  Of  Said  ligion.  Hebrews  xi.  26,  — For  he 
Church.  By  Henry  Caner,  A.M.,  Min-  had  respect  unto  the  recompettce  of  the 
ister   of  King's   Chapel.      Publish'd  at  reward. 


THE   LAST   KING'S    LECTURER.  183 

"July  9,  1767.  [At  a  Vestry  meeting  at  the  Rev.  D'  Caner's  house], 
The  Rever'.'  Dl:  Caner  Informed  thern  that  he  had  Receiv'd  a  letter 
from  the  Rev'.'  D'-  Daniel  Burton,  Secretary  to  the  Society  for  Propagat- 
ing the  Gospel  in  foreign  parts  [relating  to  the  question  of  assistance, 
and  promising  it  for  Mr.  Greaton's  salary].  The  Wardens  and  Vestry 
haveing  Thanked  the  Rev'.'  D'-  Caner  for  his  Kindnesses,  and  Express'd 
a  Grateful  Sense  of  the  Society's  Generosity  to  them,  agreed  to  Adjourn 
their  meeting.  .  .  ." 

Nor  did  Dr.  Caner's  good  offices  cease  with  the  appointment 
of  Dr.  Cutler's  successor.     The  same  Vestry  Book  contains  — 

"  May  7,  1 771.  Articles  for  a  Reconciliation  and  agreement  between" 
Dr.  Mather  Byles  "  and  the  Proprietors  of  this  Church,"  signed  by  him 
and  witnessed  by  the  Wardens  on  the  book. 

"Aug.  20,  1772.  (A  committee  having  been  previously  appointed  to 
'  draw  up  a  state  of  the  case  between '  Dr.  Byles  and  the  Church,) 

"  Voted,  Unanimously,  that  a  Committee  be  Appoin*?  to  wait  on  the 
Rev"?  DocY  Caner,  and  lay  before  him  the  Report  the  above  Committee 
has  made,  first  Notifying  the  Rev''  Doc'f  Byles,  and  desire  him  to  be 
present." 

"Sept.  23,  1772.  The  Committee  that  was  chosen  to  wait  on  the 
Rev"?  Dy  Caner  Reported  that  the  D'  had  given  them  a  sett  of  Querys, 
which  they  offered  to  the  Vestry. 

["  These,  with  their  answer,  and  '  the  State  of  the  Case,'  were  sent  to 
the  Society,  etc.,  in  April,  1773."] 

"Dec.  2,  1773.  Dr.  Byles  wrote  a  letter  assenting  to  their  proposal 
'  that  D'''  Caner  and  M''  Troutbeck  should  examine  your  Accompts  '  to 
ascertain  whether  they  are  really  unable  to  pay  more  than  ^80." 

The  finances  of  the  Church  during  these  years  show  the  strain 
of  the  building  enterprise  on  the  resources  of  King's  Chapel. 
Thus  the  Old  Ledger  notes :  — 

Boston,  April  4,  1755.  There  is  due  to  the  Rever!'  M'  Henry 
Caner,  to  Compleat  his  Sallary  for  s''.  Year  1754  to  Easter  last  past,  Two 
hundred  and  Seventy-Six  pounds  Six  shillings,  old  Tenor. 

A  part  of  the  principal  of  this  debt  to  the  minister  was  paid 
in  1765.  The  church  money  which  had  been  loaned  was  called 
in,  and  other  sums  were  borrowed. 

1753-  £    ^-    ^• 

May    15.      By  Cash  of  Mr.  Eustice,  in  p!  of  his  bond  due 

to  the  Society 14.  14.  05 

By  cash  of  M'?  Joanna  Brooker,  for  w"*"  have 

given  bonds  pay^  15  May,  1755  ....     133.  06.  oS 


184  ANNALS   OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

May     16,     By  cash  of  Rever^  Mf  Eben  Miller  for  his  bond  £    s.    d. 

due  to  Charit.  Society 401.  17.  06 

2  years  Interest  at  6  p.  c' 48.  04.  06 

18.     By  cash  of  Wm.  Hall,  in  p'  of  his  bond  due 

to  Charit  Society,  408  dollars      .     .     .     .  122.  13.  00 
Aug!  II.       By  cash  of  W'"  Maccarty  in  p!  of  his  bond, 

50  dollars,  at  6/ 15.  00.  00 

14.  Do.  in  full  of  his  bond  and  interest  to  this  day  5.  12.  10 

15.  By  cash  of  the  Rev?  M'  Henry  Caner,  on  bond  133.  06.  08 
Nov.  1 2.      By  cash  of  M^  Dowse  for  two  bonds  due  from 

Trinity  Ch 139.  13.  10 

Xber.  19.      By  cash  of  M'  Indicot,  in  full  of  his  bond  .     .       27.  16.  00 

1754- 

Jan''  3.  Cash  of  Rev?  Mr  Caner,  w''.''  he  lent,  and  for 

which  he  has  our  Oblig!' 66.  13.  04 

Feb.  21.       By  cash  of  James  Forbes,  being  church  money       53.  06.  08 
22.       By  cash  of  Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner,  which  he 

lent  the  Church  on  bond 133.  18.  o\\ 

Apr!  16.      By  cash  of  Charit  Society,  Voted  this  day  to 

be  lent  us 100.  00.  00 

May  10.       By  ballance  due  to  D!'  Gardiner,  for  w'.''  he  is 

to  have  bond  as  p  his  Ace!  setled    .     .     .       12.  00  00 
1755- 

June  1 7.  By  cash  of  M!  Ja.  Gordon,  in  p!  of  his  and  W. 
Prescot's  bond  due  to  the  Charit.  Episco- 
pall  Society  in  Boston,  for  w'^l'  Our  Comit- 
tee  is  to  give  the  Society  their  bond  on 
Interest 66.  13.  04 

The  "  Acco!  of  Mony  Receiv?  and  Distributed  to  the  poore 
of  King's  Chapel.  1753,"  also  shows  the  same  state  of  things. 
Thus,  from  Easter,  1756,  to  Easter,  1757,  there  were  fourteen 
collections  at  the  Altar,  and  on  Christmas  and  Easter,  amount- 
ing to^589  %s.  Z%d.,  from  which  "  Paid  Sundry  poor  people," 
and  bread  and  wine  (amounting  to  £t,  ^s.  to  £^  gs.  on  each 
occasion).  The  total  expended  was  ^^465  i^s.  The  balance 
on  hand  was  paid  to  committee  for  rebuilding,  as  below.  The 
"King's  Chappel  Poor's  Book,  being  an  Account  of  all  the 
Money  Receiv'd  and  IDisbursted  in  Charities  to  the  poor  of 
said  Parish"  (April,  1758-1773),  shows  the  collections  at  the 
Altar  in  1758  to  have  varied  from  £1  lis.  ^d.  to  £4.  8j.  3j^^. 
That  at  Christmas,  1759,  was  ^51  12s.  6d.  The  cost  of  the 
bread  and  wine  was  about  los.  each  time.^ 

^  Greenwood  preserves  an  interesting  vester  Gardner  Sixteen  Pounds  Two 
autograph  :  —  Shills,  in  full,  for  Wine  for  the  Chappie 

April   3,    1740.      Reed,   of    Mr   Syl-     for  the  year  past.  Jno.  Hancock. 


THE    LAST   KING'S    LECTURER.  185 

The  Old  Ledger  furnishes  other  facts :  — 

1755  £   s.    d. 

Septr  22.     To   ditto  paid  William   Peck  mending  the 

old  Chapel  Wind".^ 16.  10.  07 

To  ditto  p:'  Saml  Down  for  Cushions  for  the 

Altar 24,  02.  06 

I  756       To  Cash  paid  at  the  stamp  oflice  for  stamr  6 

deeds 00.  15.  00 

1757 

JanJ  6.        To  Cash  p^  W?  Peck  for  Clean?  and  mend- 
ing the  Windows 11.  02.  06 

Mar.  28.      To  pi'  Tho?  Dipper  as  Organist  in  full  for  i 

Year  and  11  Weeks  Saf  to  Easter    .     .     .      484.  12.  06 

April.  To  Cash  p^  Charles  Apthorp,  Esq',  Treasr  to 

the  Com'f  for  rebuilding  King's  Chapell, 
agre^  to  the  Vote  of  the  Congregat"  on 
Easter  Monday,  April   11,    1757,  ^224. 

7-  9  stg 2477.  04.  06 

1758 

April  II.     Do 81.  03.  071^ 

1759 
April.  By  Ballance  of  the  Account  in  the  Poors 

Book 16.  16.  02)^ 

This  balance  from  the  charity  funds  is  recorded  every  year 
after  this  date  as  appropriated  to  the  general  expenses  of  the 
church:  — 

1759  £  s.   d. 

Aug*  30.  To  ditto  p.^  Jn°  Pain  for  a  Copy  of  Mr  T. 

Richards  and  Mrs.  Joanna  Brooker  Will    .      00.  06.  00 
To  ditto  pi'  P  :  Roberts  for  Survey?  the  Lands 

left  the  Church  by  M?  Joan.  Brooker   .     .      00.  08.  00 
Septem.  12.     To  ditto  paid  the  heirs  of  M"  Joanna  Brooker 

in  full  of  your  Bond  w'.'' Interest       .     .     .     144,00.00 
1760 
March  25.        To  Cash  paid  Dr  Silvr  Gardiner  6  Years  Int! 

of  his  bond  of  ^^133.  6.  8,  due  July  next    .      48.  00.  00 
Mar.  18.  By  Cash  rec'.'  for  the  interring  the  Governor's 

Butler  under  the  Church 3.  00.  00 

Mar.  9.  By  Cash  reef  for  the  Interest  of  Prov  :  Notes 

belong?  to  yf  Church 7.  14.  02 

1761 
Aug!  22.           To   Cash   p:'   Willeston   his   Am'   mov?   the 
bones  under  the   Church,  and  moving  a 
Corps,  etc 2.  08.  00 


1 86  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

March  25.        To  Cash  p:'  Shrimpton  Hutchinson,  Esqf,  his        £    s.    d. 
Ace!  for  Oyl  and  Colours  for  Chapel     .     .        9.  10.  06 
To  Cash  pi'  the  Rev?  M'-  Caner  i  year  Inter- 
est of  his  Bond  for  £\2)Z  6/8      ...     .         8.  00.  00 
To  Cash  p"!  d°  i  years  Interest  of  his  Bond 

of  ^106  13/4 6.  08.  00 

1762 
Jan?'  I.              By  Cash  reced  of  Mess?  Goldthwait  Winslow 
and   Knights,  —  M''-    Quick's    Legacy  to 
King's  Chappell 66.  13.  04 

At  the  Aniversary  Meeting  of  the  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel  held 
there  on  Easter  Monday,  April  19,  1756,  at  11  in  the  Forenoon, 
there  being  Seven  Proprietors  present,  — 

Voted,  That  the  Number  of  Vestry  men  be  Seventeen,  five  of  whom  to 

be  a  Quorum. 
Voted,  That  M'  Thomas  Johnston  be  Continued  to  Sing,  and  be  paid 

Two  Shillings  and  Eight  pence  p  Week  LawfuU  Mony  Sallary  as  long 

as  the  Minister  and  Wardens  find  it  Necessary. 

April  II*  1757. 
Voted,  That  Mr.  Thomas  Dipper  be  Organist  to  King's  Chapell,  with  a 

Salary  of  Fifty-three  pounds  six  shilb'  and  8'/  t^  Ann. 

The  name  of  "  His  Excell^  Thomas  Pownall,  Esq'  "  headed 
the  list  of  Vestrymen. 

Voted,  Whereas  the  prop?  of  King's  Chapell  by  their  Vote  bearing 
date  22?  of  April,  1748,  did  appoint  and  Authorize  Charles  Apthorp, 
George  Cradock,  Eliakim  Hutchinson,  Esq''.^,  Doct.  John  Gibbins, 
Doct.  Silvester  Gardiner,  and  Mr  Thomas  Hawding  to  be  a  Com- 
mitte  to  rebuild  the  said  Chapell ;  and  Whereas  the  said  Committee 
in  executing  their  s''  Trust  have  been  obliged  to  borrow  certain  Sums 
of  Money,  for  which  they  have  given  there  own  proper  security ; 
and,  moreover.  Whereas  it  is  thought  unreasonble  that  the  si'  Com":" 
should  stand  any  longer  engaged  for  the  whole  publick  Debt  of  this 
Church,  —  it  is  Voted,  That  a  number  of  other  able  Prop?  of  King's 
Chapell  be  desired  to  share  the  said  Burden  with  the  Com'!''  by  giv- 
ing each  one  his  own  personal  Bond  for  such  part  or  proportion  of  the 
publick  debt  as  may  be  thought  reasonable  And  for  their  encourage- 
ment to  do  so.  It  is  further  Voted,  That  all  and  every  person  who 
shall  give  their  own  security  for  any  part  of  the  publick  debt  as  afores? 
shall,  together  w!!'  their  Heirs,  Excrs,  and  Adminis',  be  indemnify'd  by 
this  Church  as  to  any  loss  or  Damage  they  may  sustain  by  becoming 
so  bound,  untill  the  Church  shall  have  gradually  paid  off  the  Several 
Sums  for  which  they  shall  so  engage. 

Easter  Monday,  April  16,  1759. 
Voted,  That  the  number  of  Vestry  men  for  the  Ensuing  Year  be  Eighteen, 
Seven  of  whom  to  be  a  Quorum. 


THE   LAST   KING'S    LECTURER.  187 

An  important  vote  was  also  adopted  at  this  time  providing 
for  the  creation  of  a  fund  for  the  better  support  of  the  church, 
which  was  printed  and  will  be  found  elsewhere.^  The  large 
plans  for  such  endowment  were  hindered  and  marred  by  the 
troubles  of  the  Revolution,  which  soon  ensued,  yet  were  not 
wholly  barren,  as  is  related  in  the  chapter  on  "  The  Price 
Fund." 

Septem''  4*  1759. 
Voted,  That  the  Church  Wardens  be  desired  to  Rent  the  house  and 
Land  lately  given  to  this  Church  by  M'?  Joanna  Brooker,  Widow,  de- 
ceas'd,  and  on  the  best  terms  they  Can,  for  any  term  of  years  not  ex- 
ceeding Ten. 

April  7*  1760. 
Voted,  That,  whereas  the  Rev^  Mr  Caner's  Salary  is  at  present  but  One 
hundred  and  forty-six  pounds  thirteen  shillings  and  fourpence,  [it]  be 
for  the  future  One  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  p^  Ann. 

20  August,  1762. 
The  Church  Wardens  having  laid  before  the  Vestry  a  State  of  the 
Church,  and  finding  that  the  present  Assessment  is  insufficient  to  defrey 
the  Annual  Expense,  have  agreed  to  encourage  a  general  Contribution 
from  every  person  in  the  Congregation. 

March  23,  1761. 
Voted,  that  M'  Robert  Voeax  be  Sexton  of  this  Church  for  the  Ensu? 
Year,  with  a  Salary  of  4/  "4  Week. 

Nov'  26,  1 761.  Thomas  Lechmere,  Esqr,  made  a  Present  of  a  hand- 
some Folio  Common  Prayer-Book,  to  be  us'd  at  the  Communion  Table 
in  King's  Chapel,  on  Condition  that  the  Church  agree  to  put  the  Old 
Book  us'd  at  the  Altar  into  his  Pew  for  the  use  of  himself  and  his  Fam- 
ily, —  which  proposal  has  been  agreed  to,  and  the  Sexton  has  been  this 
day  directed  to  place  the  said  Book  agreeable  to  this  proposal. 

April  12,  1762. 

Voted,  That  the  Number  of  the  Vestry  for  the  Ensuing  Year  be  Twenty, 

Seven  of  whom  to  be  a  Quorum. 
Voted,  That  Mr  John  Moody  be  Clerk  (in  the  Room  of  M:  Tho?  Hase 

declin'd)  for   the    ensuing   Year,  with   the  Usual   Salary  of  Twelve 

pounds  t*  Ann. 
April  4,  1763.      Voted,  That  for  the  future  each  Pew  on  the  Lower  Floor 

pay  a  Pistereen  weekly,  and  the  Small  Pews  in  Proportion. 

Meantime,  a  succession  in  the  incumbency  of  the  King's 
Lectureship  had  taken  place.  The  vacancy  caused  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Brockwell's  death  in  August,    1755,   already   related,   was 

1  See  p.  417, /^j-/. 


1 88  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

promptly  filled  by  the  appointment  of  the  Rev.  John  Trout- 
beck.  Mr.  Troutbeck  was  born  at  Blencowe,  in  the  parish  of 
Dacre,  in  Cumberland,  where  the  family  has  been  settled  since 
the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  It  may  be  that  they  were  at 
Blencowe  before  her  time,  for  the  family  was  of  some  conse- 
quence in  Cheshire  at  least  a  century  earlier,  and  had  property 
in  Wiltshire  as  well.  Parochial  registers  were  first  kept  in  Eng- 
land quite  early  in  Elizabeth's  reign,  and  this  fact  may  account 
for  the  clearness  of  the  records  of  many  families  from  1558 
onwards,  as  compared  with  their  obscurity  before  that  date. 
John  Troutbeck  was  the  third  son,  and  one  of  twelve  children, 
of  George  Troutbeck  of  Blencowe.  His  father  was,  like  his 
ancestors  and  his  descendants,  a  land-owner.  The  property  has 
been  gradually  added  to,  and  now  consists  of  some  eight  hun- 
dred and  fifty  acres.  In  George  Troutbeck's  time  the  acreage 
was  under  three  hundred.  John  was  educated  at  Queen's 
College,  Oxford,  where  he  took  his  B.  A.  July  10,  1741.^  He 
took  Holy  Orders,  and  held  a  living  in  Bedfordshire,  whence 
he  emigrated  to  America,  having  been  licensed  to  the  Planta- 
tions by  the  Bishop  of  London,  May  7,  1754.  He  was  ap- 
pointed in  1753  to  be  Missionary  of  the  Society  for  Propagating 
the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,  at  Hopkinton,  with  a  salary  of 
;^50,  and  was  at  that  station  when  he  was  appointed  "  Chaplain, 
or  Minister,"  to  succeed  Mr.  Brockwell  in  1755.^  He  had  con- 
sented in  January,  1755,  to  take  charge  of  King's  Church,  now 
St.  John's,  Providence,  as  successor  to  the  Rev.  John  Checkley, 
but  did  not  obtain  the  place,  as  the  Rev.  John  Graves  had  al- 
ready received  the  appointment  from  the  Venerable  Society.^ 

Our  Records  fail  to  give  any  account  of  the  negotiations  which 
resulted  in  his  transfer  from  the  country  mission,  where  he  had 
succeeded  the  Rev.  Roger  Price,  to  the  "  King's  Chaplaincy  "  in 

1  An  earlier  John  Troutbeck  had  vices  rendered  by  him  to  the  Company 
taken  his  B.  A.  at  Queen's  College,  of  Revisers  of  the  English  Version  of 
July  6,  1703,  and  his  M.  A.  at  Edm.  the  New  Testament,  as  secretary  to  that 
Hall,  July  5,  1704.  body.     Like  his  great-great-uncle,  he  is 

2  I  am  indebted  to  the  Rev.  John  in  the  direct  service  of  the  Queen,  being 
Troutbeck,  M.A.  Oxon.  and  S.  T.  D.,  a  Priest  in  Ordinary  at  the  Chapels  Royal 
great-great-nephew  of  the  King's  Lee-  of  St.  James  and  Whitehall,  holding 
turer,  for  these  facts  of  the  family  his-  this  office  with  his  stall  at  Westminster, 
tory.  Dr.  Troutbeck  is  himself  the  The  facts  concerning  the  fortunes  of 
fourth  in  descent  from  George,  elder  Mr.  Troutbeck's  family  after  his  death 
brother  of  the  Lecturer,  and  is  a  minor  were  communicated  to  me  by  the  late 
canon  at  Westminster.  The  degree  of  Mr.  Solomon  Lincoln,  from  a  memoran- 
Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  dum  of  a  conversation  with  Mr.  Caleb 
him  by  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  Bates  in  1842. 

in  May,  1883,  in  recognition  of  the  ser-  3  Updike,  p.  412. 


THE    LAST    KING'S    LECTURER.  189 

Boston.  Here  he  married  Sarah  Gould,^  by  whom  he  had  three 
daughters,  —  Sally,  born  1760,  Margaret,  born  December,  1763, 
died  in  infancy,  and  Hannah,  born  Oct.  i,  1768. 

Poor  Mr.  Troutbeck  also  had  his  troubles,  as  the  faithful 
records  show :  — 

The  Church  Wardens  read  a  Letter  from  the  Rev?  M^  Troutbeck, 
which  they  rec^  from  him  Dec!'  y"  10".',  1767,  Acquainting  them  there 
was  near  ;^20  deduction  in  his  Salary  Annually,  praying  it  may  be  made 
up  to  him  by  this  Church.  The  Congregation  taking  his  letter  and  the 
Circumstances  of  the  Church  into  Consideration,  and  finding  themselves 
unable  to  Comply  with  the  Rev^  M^  Troutbeck's  desire,  therefore, 
Voted,  that  there  be  a  Contribution  for  the  Rev*?  M!  Troutbeck  for  the 
present  Year,  a  notification  being  first  given  from  the  Desk  the  Sunday 
before  the  Contribution  is  to  be  made. 

Memorial  of  the  Revf  John  Troutbeck  to  the  Church  Wardens  and 
Congregation  of  King's  Chapel  Church  in  Boston,  Slieweth,  — 

That  when  he  was  invited  by  the  said  Congregation  to  join  in  a  Sol- 
licitation  to  succeed  the  Rever''  M'  Brockwell  as  Chaplain,  or  Minister,  in 
the  said  Church,  or  Chapel,  he  was  then  informed  that  the  Salary  was 
one  hundred  pounds  Sterling  pr  Annum. 

Accordingly,  he  agreed  to  second  their  Application  to  the  Right  rev? 
Doctf  Sherlock,  then  Lord  Bishop  of  London,  who  was  pleased  to  com- 
ply with  their  Joint  request,  and  appointed  him  to  the  said  Office  of 
Chaplain,  or  Minister,  But  upon  applying  for  the  Salary  he  has  always 
found  an  annual  deduction  of  about  Nineteen  pounds.  He  therefore 
begs  leave  to  recommend  to  the  Consideration  of  said  Congregation  the 
said  deficiency,  hoping  they  will  either  make  it  up  to  him,  or  Convince 
him,  by  their  Speedy  Answer,  That  his  request  is  unreasonable,  and  that 
he  has  no  right  or  Title  to  expect  it. 

Boston,  10  Dec^  1767. 

1  Mrs.    Troutbeck    had   brothers,  —  even  the   most   peaceable   subject   who 

John  and   Thomas  Gould,  —  neither  of  held  to  his  ordination  oath  :  — 
whom    left   any   children.     Her    father, 
from  whom  she  inherited  some  property,  "  If  England's  church  we  leave  in  lurch, 

was  a  distiller,  which  ^ives  the  point  to  ^  ^^^  "°"^  ""f  ^"' '/  ^'".'    ,      . 

.,                     '                            1           ^  So  Canner  s  \sic\  clory,  in  rhyming  story, 

some  scurrilous  verses,  very  popular  at  shall  next  employ  my  skill. 

the  time  of  the  Revolution,  in  a  "  Ballad  No  man  on  Earth  of  Noble  birth 

of  the  Boston  Ministers,"  first  printed  in  Is  prouder  than  this  parson, 

1859  in  the  N.  E.  Hist,  and  Geneal.  Reg.  

xiii.  132 ;  xxvi.  420.      Rev.  Dr.  Pierce's  

manuscript  Diary,  in  the  archives  of  the  „  ^  u       c       n        %     1,^  ^i^oi.  ;„  =,  ;,.-f 

..  '  /I  .  "  John,  of  small  merit,  who  deals  in  spint, 

Massachusetts  Historical    Society,   also  As  next  in  course  I  sing ; 

records  these  verses.     The  doggerel  is  Fain  would  I  treat,  as  is  most  meet, 
significant,  as   showing    the   current   of  This  chaplain  of  the  King, 

coarse  feeling   which    mingled  with    the  His  Sunday  aim  is  to  reclaim 
n       J      -          T?        1      ■                        .      •  Those  that  in  vice  are  sunk  ; 

flood  of  pre-Revolutionary  patriotism,  to  ^y^^,,  ^^^^^y ,,  ,0^^,  he  selleth  rum, 
make  a  resistless  tide  of  enmity  against  And  gets  them  plaguey  drunk." 


190 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


To  this  the  Wardens  returned  reply,  — 

"...  that  when  the  Congregation  joined  with  yon  in  sohciting,  etc., 
it  was  only  to  succeed  him  with  the  usual  and  Comon  Salary,  without  the 
Least  Promise  or  encouragement  of  your  receiving  anything  from  the 
Parish ;  and  upon  examining  in  the  Church  books  we  cannot  find  any 
of  your  predecessors  ever  did  receive  anything  from  the  Church.  The 
Parish  have  been,  and  still  are,  at  a  very  great  expence  in  rebuilding 
their  Church,  and  have  y'by  incurred  a  very  large  debt,  and  the  Church 
not  yet  near  finished  ;  besides,  the  Congregation,  by  the  same  misfortunes 
attending  all  other  Societies,  are  greatly  lessen'd.  Under  these  circum- 
stances your  call  upon  us  makes  us  very  unhappy,  as  our  abilities  are  no 
ways  equal  to  our  inclinations,  not  only  to  make  up  the  deficiency  you 
Complain  of,  but  Likewise  to  augment  the  living  of  our  very  Worthy 
Incumbent,  whose  Salary,  we  are  Sencible,  is  too  small,  —  only  the  poor 
pittance  of  ;^ii2  10  Stg.  per  ann.,  and  his  perquisites  not  ;^io  more, 
wh.  he  very  Dearly  earns.  The  Parish,  to  our  knowledge,  have  been, 
and  still  are,  exerting  themselves,  and  taking  every  Laudible  means  to 
discharge  the  heavy  debt  they  at  present  Labour  under,  wh.,  if  once 
obtain'd,  we  doubt  not  they  would  y"  do  every  thing  that  is  in  their 
power,  not  only  to  make  the  Incumbent's  Salary  a  Little  more  agre- 
able  to  his  Station,  but  to  make  good  any  deficiency  that  may  be  in 
yours.  We  shall  lay  your  Letter  before  the  congregation  at  their  Easter 
meeting,"  etc. 

The  congregation  voted  to  take  up  an  afternoon  collection 
for  Mr.  Troutbeck  "  for  the  present  year." 

the  \i":  of  May  [1769]. 
Whereas,  the  Rev'^.  Doct.  Caner,  the  present  .  .  .  Rector,  or  Incum- 
bent, of  this  Church,  is  advanced  in  Years,  and  liable  to  frequent  Infirmi- 
ties, which  has  often  interrupted  his  attendance  on  the  duties  of  his 
Office,  And  as  the  Rev*^  Jn'?  Troutbeck,  his  Assistant  at  s''  Church,  has 
been  Visited  with  the  Gout,  or  some  Rhumatic  Complaints,  and  is  Liable 
to  further  Attacks  of  the  same  disorder,  by  which  Means  the  publick 
Service  of  the  Church  is  in  danger  (at  times)  of  being  intenaipted,  to  the 
great  determent  and  disadvantage  of  the  Congregation,  —  to  prevent 
which  it  is  hereby  Voted,  that  Df  Caner  be  desired  to  engage  some 
Young  Gentleman  of  Good  Life  and  Conversation  as  his  Curate,  to  Assist 
him  in  the  Parochial  duty  of  this  Church,  or  the  Assistant  for  the  time 
being,  as  occasion  shall  require.  And  to  enable  him  to  support  si 
Curate,  it  is  further  Voted,  that  the  s'!  Yf.  Caner's  Salary  for  the  future  be 
augmented  to  ^200  ~^  Annum,  to  be  paid  in  quarterly  payments,  as 
soon  as  he  shall  provide  himself  with  a  Curate. 

Voted,  That  this  Meeting  be  adjourned  to  Wednesday,  the  14*  of 
June  (After  prayers),  to  recive  the  report  of  the  Vestry  relative  to  what 
ought  to  be  allowed  the  Rev"?  John  Troutbeck  for  his  extraordinary  Ser- 
vices during  the  Rev.'  Doctr  Caner's  Late  Sickness. 


THE   LAST   KING'S    LECTURER.  191 

The  following  is  a  Copy  of  a  letter  recei^'ed  froj/i  the  Rev.  John 
T?vutbcck :  — 

Boston,  22  May,  1769. 

Gentleisien,  —  When  I  complain'd  to  the  proprietors  of  King's  Chapel 
of  the  deficiency  and  smalness  of  my  Salary,  I  thought  it  so  reasonable 
an  Application  that  it  cou'd  not  have  occasion'd  a  Dispute  that  wou'd 
have  lasted  near  two  Years  ;  But  I  find  I  was  mistaken. 

After  having  exhausted  most  of  my  Arguments,  to  very  little  Purpose, 
and  to  avoid  the  disagreeable  Trouble  of  sending  in  a  Bill  for  my  par- 
ticular Services  (which,  indeed,  is  next  to  an  Impossibility,  and  might, 
perhaps,  occasion  another  dispute),  I  am  now  come  to  a  Resolution  of 
putting  an  end  to  all  Controversy  by  desiring,  if  there  be  any  thing  due 
to  me  for  performing  extraordinary  Duty,  it  may  be  apply'd  towards 
defraying  the  Expence  of  an  additional  Assistant. 

Till  some  worthy  Person  can  be  procured,  who  will  be  entirly  agree- 
able to  Dr  Caner  and  the  Congregation  (and  the  soon  the  better,  as  you 
have  made  provision  for  one),  I  shall  use  my  best  Endeavours  to  keep 
the  Church  open  during  D:  Caner's  Confinement,  without  expecting  any 
Gratuity,  Fee,  or  Reward  for  my  Trouble ;  for  I  am.  Gentlemen,  a  sin- 
cere friend  to  y''  Church,  and  your  Most  Obedient  and   most   hum'f 

Servant, 

John  Troutbeck. 

Please  to  Comunicate  this  Letter  to  all  the  proprietors. 

These  coals  of  fire  melted  the  proprietors'  hearts. 

30'''  of  May. 

The  Vestry  taking  into  Consideration  the  Extraordinary  Services  of 
the  Rev^  John  Troutbeck  (our  Assistant)  since  his  arrival  among  us, 
more  especially  his  Services  during  the  late  Indisposition  of  the  Rev? 
Dy  Caner,  Do  Report  that  Twenty  Guineas  be  allowed  and  paid  by  the 
Church  for  those  Services. 

Boston,  June  22".'',  1769. 

Rev?  Str,  —  We  were  favour'd  with  your  letter  of  the  22"'^  May,  which 
gave  us  the  Satisfaction  to  hear  that  there  is  an  end  put  to  the  Contro- 
versy that  has  lately  arisen  in  our  Church.  We  have,  agreeable  to  your 
desire,  taken  care  to  comunicate  the  Contents  of  your  letter  to  the  Ves- 
try and  Proprietors  at  their  respective  meetings,  who  have  voted  you 
Twenty  Guineas  for  your  Extraordinary  Services,  which  we  here  send 
you  ;  Had  the  Circumstances  of  the  Proprietors  been  equal  to  their 
Inclinations,  their  Gratuity  would  have  demonstrated  to  the  World  the 
sincere  Regard  they  have  for  you.     We  are,  in  behalf  of  the  Church, 

Sincerely 

Your  most  Obedient  and  very  hum!   Serv*', 

SiLV^  Gardiner,  I  ^^^^^^^^^^ 
To  •  GiLB^  Debi.ois,    ; 

The  Rev''  John  Troutbeck. 


192  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Mr.  Troutbeck,  however,  declined  to  receive  the  proffered  gift, 
and  the  sense  of  injustice,  or  at  least  of  disappointment,  appears 
never  to  have  been  quite  removed,  for,  some  years  later,  we  are 
told,  "  he  complained  much  of  the  injustice  of  the  people  of 
Boston."  He  was  not  considered  a  man  of  great  talent;  but  in 
this  correspondence  his  self-respect  and  right  feeling  under  what 
he  regarded  as  unfair  treatment  appear  to  high  advantage. 

When  the  storm  of  the  Revolution  came  on,  he  was  among 
those  who  suffered  most  under  the  cruel  change  of  circum- 
stances. Some  time  during  the  siege  of  Boston^  he  removed 
with  his  family  to  Halifax,  leaving  his  house  in  Back  Street  full 
of  furniture.  He  sailed  in  the  man-of-war  "  Somerset,"  the 
youngest  lieutenant  of  which,  Cuthbert  —  afterwards  admiral  — 
Collingwood  (then  at  the  age  of  twenty-five)  proved  to  be  a 
distant  relative ;  and  at  Halifax  he  took  part  of  a  house  of 
which  Captain  Preston  occupied  the  other  part.  After  a  stay 
of  a  few  weeks,  he  went  to  England,  where  he  landed  at  Tor- 
bay,  "  ascending  the  same  steps  which  King  William  ascended 
when  he  came  from  Holland."  We  find  him,  early  in  March, 
1776,  in  London,  "  having  just  arrived  from  Halifax,"  as  the 
guest  of  Rev.  Samuel  A.  Peters  of  Hebron,  Conn.,  of  whom  we 
shall  hear  again  in  another  chapter.  A  year  later,  Benjamin  Hal- 
lowell  wrote  to  his  son  Ward :  "  Poor  Parson  Troutbeck,  going 
round  to  Newcastle  in  a  collier,  is  taken  by  one  of  the  pirates 
that  is  cruising  in  the  North  Sea,"  —  a  victim,  doubtless,  of  one 
of  the  daring  raids  of  that  gallant  privateer,  John  Paul  Jones, 
which  made  the  terror  of  that  coast  from  1776  to  1779.  Again 
we  find  him  in  London,  a  Loyalist  petitioner  to  the  King.'-^ 
Under  date  of  London,  June  9,  1779,  Mr.  Peters  writes  :  "  Poor 
Troutbeck  has  been  very  sick,  &  given  over  by  his  Physicians, 
after  which  Nature  and  Prayers  took  him  out  of  the  power  of 
death,  and  gave  him  a  new  lease  of  life."  ^  He  had  returned  to 
his  native  village  of  Blencowe,  where  he  preached  without  hav- 
ing a  regular  cure ;  and  here,  in  the  course  of  the  same  year, 
he  died  of  consumption  in  the  room  where  he  was  born. 

A  daughter  of  Mr.  Troutbeck,  Hannah,  married  in  England 
William  Bowes,  son  of  a  Loyalist  refugee.  Their  marriage  was 
a  clandestine  one,  on  account  of  the  opposition  of  his  father, 
formerly  a  Boston  merchant,  cousin  and  joint-heir  with  John 
Hancock.  Having  separated  from  her  husband,  she  came  to 
this  country,  where  she  was  known  only  as  Miss  Troutbeck. 

1  According  to  Dr.  Greenwood's  state-  2  Sabine,  American  Loyalists,  ii.  362. 

ment,  in  November,  1775.  »  Bartlet's  Frontier  Missionary,  p.  322. 


THE    LAST    KING'S    LECTURER.  I93 

Her  mother,  after  visiting  different  parts  of  England  among  her 
connections  by  marriage,  returned  to  Boston  when  the  war  was 
over,  and  recovered  her  property.  She  had  owned  the  Gore 
place  in  Waltham,  which  she  used  to  intimate  was  Governor 
Gore's  fee  for  obtaining  the  rest  of  her  estate  for  her.  She 
owned  three  houses  in  Back  Street,  and  also  the  place  at  Jamaica 
Plain,  afterwards  occupied  by  Mr.  Charles  VV.  Greene.  The  net 
proceeds  of  her  entire  estate  were  small;  but  she  had,  besides, 
a  stipend  from  England,  obtained  for  her  by  Lord  Townshend. 
She  lived  for  some  years  in  Boston,  boarding  with  her  daughter 
in  various  families.  About  1803  or  1804  they  found  a  home  in 
Hingham,  occupying  the  house  of  General  Lincoln,  then  collec- 
tor of  the  port  of  Boston ;  and  again,  five  years  after,  resided 
there  in  the  Beal  house,  and  later  removed  to  Dr.  Thaxter's, 
where  they  lived  till  the  mother's  death  in  18 13,  at  the  age  of 
seventy-seven.  Some  time  during  this  interval  they  had  made 
a  visit  in  England  and  on  the  Continent,  where,  at  Leipsic,  they 
were  within  sound  of  the  cannon  of  Jena  (1806).  After  her 
mother's  death  Miss  Troutbeck  went  to  England,  where  she 
had  previously  rejoined  her  husband  after  his  father's  death, 
residing  for  a  time  with  his  mother,  Mrs.  Bowes,  at  Otterton.^ 
Her  life  for  a  number  of  years  seems  to  have  been  rather  a 
wandering  one,  with  various  checkered  fortunes.  But  we  find  a 
letter  from  her  sister,  Sarah  Troutbeck,  written  to  a  Miss  Barker 
from  Exeter,  of  date  January  31,  1829,  in  which  she  says  :  — 

"  I  feel  assured  that  it  will  give  you  satisfaction  to  hear  that  we  have 
found  friends  to  smooth  our  paths.  About  four  months  back,  by  the 
death  of  a  clergyman  who  had  a  large  fortune  and  took  an  interest  in 
us,  I  came  into  possession  of  a  comfortable  house,  ready  furnished,  for 
life;  and  at  my  death  it  is  to  go  to  my  Sister,  and  then  revert  to  the 
family  from  which  we  receive  it.  I  cam.e  here  the  beginning  of  October, 
and  four  days  after  I  was  joined  by  my  Sister,  after  a  separation  of  four 
and  a  half  years.  During  our  separation  we  have  each  met  many 
vicissitudes  ;  I  hope  it  will  please  the  All-Wise  disposer  of  events  that 
we  shall  part  no  more  till  our  last  final  change.  ...  It  would  be  a  great 
gratification  to  have  my  Sister's  family  round,  or  even  near  us ;  but  I  fear 
that  is  too  much  for  me  to  wish  for." 

These  scanty  reminiscences,  verging  close  on  personal  gossip 
and  leaving  still  a  few  traces  in  living  memory,  carry  us  far  be- 

1  "William  Bowes,  born  at  Boston,  offspring:    Emily    Bowes,    born    1806; 

Oct.  15,  1771,  died,  near  London,  June  Edmund  Elford  Bowes,  M.  A.,    Trinity 

10,  1S50;    Hannah  Troutbeck,  born   at  College,  Cambridge,  born  1808 ;   Arthur 

Boston,  Oct.  I,  1768,  died  in  England,  Bowes,  born  1813."  —  A''.  E.  Hist,  and 

Jan.  14,  1S51.     The  following  were  their  Geneal.  Reg.,  x.  82. 
VOL.  II.  — 13 


194 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


low  the  date  which  our  proper  narrative  has  reached.  Here  we 
are,  as  yet,  only  nearing  those  stirring  and  decisive  events  which 
secured  the  British  dominion  on  this  continent  in  the  conquest 
of  Canada  and  the  pacification  of  the  frontier.  Our  next  chap- 
ter win  begin  with  the  administration  of  Governor  Pownall,  in 
1757.  Hitherto  there  is  no  breach  in  the  loyal  affection  and 
pride  which,  in  general,  bound  the  Colonies  to  the  mother 
country.  That  tie  had  been  even  strengthened  by  the  hard- 
ships and  perils  of  the  last  great  conflict  in  which  they  now 
stood  together.  The  change  in  these  kindly  relations  already 
impending  has  left  deep  traces  on  the  series  of  events  we  have 
now  to  follow.  An  ecclesiastical  controversy,  whose  remoter 
causes  date  back  to  the  very  founding  of  the  colony,  has  its 
effect  in  making  more  obstinate  and  bitter  the  approaching 
conflict  in  arms ;  while  this  conflict  is  yet  delayed  by  the  cau- 
tious policy  of  three  royal  governors,  who  could  still  contend,  not 
without  hope,  for  the  perpetuation  of  that  fast  relaxing  bond. 
These  two  topics  will  be  taken  up  in  the  next  succeeding 
chapters. 


THOMAS    POWNALL. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

GOVERNOR  POWNALL.  — GOVERNOR  BERNARD. —  GOVERNOR 
HUTCHINSON.  — THE  GATHERING  STORM. 


,,  GOVERNOR  SHIRLEY'S  successor  repre- 
sented a  different  public  policy,  and  was 
received  by  Shirley's  friends  with  coolness,  but 
by  his  enemies  with  enthusiasm ;  while  the 
course  of  events  soon  made  him  a  favorite  of 
the  popular  party.  In  the 
church,  however,  he  took 
his  place  in  the  Governor's 
pew,  and  sat  as  the  representative  of 
*'  His  Most  Gracious  Majesty  George 
the  Second,  by  the  Grace  of  God 
Defender  of  the  Faith." 

Thomas  Pownall,  born  in  Lincoln, 
in  1720,  was  grandson  of  Thomas  of 
Barnton.^  His  elder  brother  was  sec- 
retary to  the  Lords  of  Trade  and 
Plantations,  which  opened  for  him 
the  way  into  political  life. 

Boston,  August  ^  [i75  7]- — Tuesday  last,  in  the  Afternoon,  arrived 
in  Nantasket-Road,  from  Halifax,  his  Majesty's  Ship  Nightingale,  Capt. 
Campbell ;  in  which  Ship  came  his  Excellency,  Thomas  Pownall,  Esq., 
with  his  Majesty's  Royal  Commission  to  be  Captain-General,  Governor, 
and  Commander-in-Chief  in  and  over  this  his  Majesty's  Province  of  the 
Massachusetts- Bay  ;  as  also  a  Commission  from  the  Right  Honourable 
the  Lords  of  the  Admiralty  to  be  Vice- Admiral  of  the  same,  etc.  His 
Excellency  is  also  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  Province  of  New  Jersey, 

1  Born  in  1650;  married  Mary,  daugh-  1720    (father   of    Sir    George    Pownall, 

ter  and  heir  of  Richard  Browne  of  Salt-  Secretary   of    Lower   Canada,  died    un- 

fleetby,  Co.  Lincoln.     His  son  William,  married  1834),  and  of  the  Governor. — 

who  died  1731,  was  father  of  John,  born  Heraldic  Journal,  iii.  56. 


196  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

and  Agent  for  His  Majesty's  General  Affair  under  the  command  of  Lord 

Loudon. 

Soon  after  the  Ship  came  to  Anchor,  his  Excellency  proceeded  to 
Castle  William  in  a  Barge,  being  saluted  by  a  Discharge  of  the  Cannon 
from  the  Ship  at  his  putting  off,  by  the  Province  Snow  Prince  of  Wales 
as  he  passed  from  the  Ship  to  the  Castle,  and  at  the  Castle  upon  his 
landing  there,  where  his  Excellency  received  the  Compliments  of  a 
Number  of  Gentlemen  who  had  repaired  thither  on  this  Occasion.  .  .  . 

His  Excellency  lodged  there  that  Night;  and  Yesterday,  about  Noon, 
came  up  to  Town  in  the  Castle  Barge,  being  saluted  by  the  Guns  of  that 
Fortress  when  the  Barge  put  off,  and  by  those  of  the  Batteries,  and  Ves- 
sels in  the  Harbour,  upon  his  passing  up  and  landing  at  the  Long-Wharf, 
where  he  was  receiv'd  and  welcom'd  by  the  Members  of  His  Majesty's 
Council,  and  a  Number  of  other  Gentlemen  ;  from  thence  walk'd  in  Pro- 
cession up  to  the  Court-House,  being  escorted  thither  by  the  Company 
of  Cadets. 

The  Regiment  of  Militia  in  this  Town  and  the  Troop  of  Guards  being 
under  Arms,  and  drawn  up  in  Kingstreet,  his  Excellency  receiv'd  the 
Compliments  of  the  Officers,  by  their  paying  the  standing  Salute  as  he 
pass'd  by  ;  and  the  Streets  and  Windows  of  the  Houses,  etc.,  were 
crowded  with  Spectators  on  the  Occasion.  His  Majesty's  Commission 
to  his  Excellency,  as  also  that  from  the  Lords  of  the  Admiralty  aforemen- 
tioned, were  open'd  and  publickly  read  in  the  Council-Chamber ;  and 
the  usual  Oaths  were  administred  by  Mr.  Secretary  Oliver  :  After  which 
he  was  congratulated  by  the  Council  and  a  great  Number  of  other 
Gentlemen  there  present. 

A  Proclamation  was  then  issued  by  His  Excellency,  and  published 
from  the  Balcony,  "  impowering  and  requiring  all  Officers  to  continue  in 
the  Exercise  of  the  Trusts  reposed  in  them  by  their  respective  Commis- 
sions until  further  Order,"  Which  was  followed  by  three  Huzzas  and  the 
Discharge  of  three  Volleys  from  the  Militia,  etc.  His  Excellency,  with 
the  Gentlemen  of  the  Council,  a  Number  of  Officers  and  other  Gentle- 
men, were  entertain'd  with  a  handsome  Dinner,  provided  at  the  British 
Coffee  House  in  King-Street ;  and  he  was  afterwards  attended  to  the 
Seat  prepared  for  his  Reception :  And  in  the  Evening  the  Court-House 
was  beautifully  illuminated. 

The  following  Congratulatory  Address  was  made  to  His  Excellency 
Yesterday  by  a  Committee  appointed  by  the  General  Court,  %'iz. :  — 

May  it  please  your  Excellency,  —  The  Council  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives having  appointed  us  a  Committee  to  pay  your  Excellency  the 
Compliments  of  this  Government  upon  your  safe  Arrival ;  We  therefore 
beg  Leave  with  the  greatest  Sincerity  to  congratulate  your  Excellency 
thereupon  :  And  assure  your  Excellency,  we  are  heartily  glad  to  see  you 
Safe  and  in  good  Health  among  us  after  the  Fatigues  of  your  Voyage. 

To  which  his  Excellency  was  pleas'd  to  return  the  following 
Answer  :  — 


THE    GATHERING   STORM.  I97 

Gentlemen  of  the  Committee,  —  /  i-eturii  you  my  Thanks  for  your 
kind  Congratulation. 

This  early  Attention  in  the  Council  and  House  to  the  Honour  of  His 
Majesty's  Commission,  is  a  Mark  of  that  true  Loyalty  which  did  ever 
distinguish  this  Province} 

Thursday  last  the  Ministers  and  Wardens  of  the  Episcopal  Churches 
in  this  Town  presented  the  following  Address  to  His  Excellency  :  — 

May  it  please  your  Excellency,  —  We,  the  Ministers  and  Wardens  of 
the  Episcopal  Churches  in  this  Town,  beg  Leave  to  congratulate  your 
Excellency  upon  your  safe  Arrival  at  this  your  Government.  With  Hearts 
full  of  Gratitude  and  Loyalty  we  acknowledge  his  Majesty's  paternal 
Care  in  your  Excellency's  Appointment,  from  whose  Administration  we 
promise  ourselves  a  Continuance  of  the  Happiness  we  enjoy'd  under  our 
late  excellent  Governor.  The  Report  of  your  Excellency's  great  Abilities 
and  your  late  indefatigable  Application  to  inform  yourself  of  the  State 
and  Interest  of  these  Provinces  leave  us  no  Room  to  doubt  of  your  wise 
and  happy  Conduct  of  the  publick  Affairs  of  this  Government. 

Among  other  Things  which  will  fall  under  your  Excellency's  Care  we 
beg  Leave  to  recommend  the  Interest  of  Religion,  and  the  several 
Churches  within  this  Province.  It  is  our  Duty,  Sir,  and  we  shall  like- 
wise make  it  our  constant  Endeavour,  to  cultivate  a  Spirit  of  Peace  and 
Submission,  so  strongly  recommended  in  the  Gospel,  and  highly  calcu- 
lated for  the  Preservation  and  Support  of  Government.  From  a  deep 
Sense  of  that  Duty,  we  humbly  beseech  almighty  God  to  bless  all  your 
Excellency's  Designs  and  Endeavours  for  the  Advancement  of  his  Glory 
and  the  Good  of  this  Province. 

To  which  His  Excellency  was  pleased  to  return  the  following 
Answer  :  — 

Gentlemen, 

Your  Cojigratulations  are  extreamly  obliging,  and  I  thank  you. 

It  shall  be  my  Endeavour  that  the  Hopes  which  you  express  from  the 
kind  Sentiments  you  are  pleased  to  entertain  of  me  may  not  be  frustrated. 
My  Attention  to  Religion  will  be  alway  that  which  my  private  Duty  as  a 
Christian,  and  my  Public  as  Supream  Magistrate,  demands  of  me;  — 
and  I  shall  alway  hope  for  that  Essential  Support  which  the  State 
receives  frotn  the  Church. 

On  Friday  last  the  Associated  Ministers  of  the  Congregational  Churches 
in  this  Town  waited  on  His  Excellency  the  Governor,  and  presented  the 
following  Address,  viz. :  — 

May  it  please  your  Excellency, — 

We,  the  Associated  Pastors  of  the  Congregational  Churches  in  Boston 
wait  upon  your  Excellency  to  express  our  Loyalty  to  the  King,  and  all 
due  Respect  to  your  Excellency,  as  constituted  by  Him  the  Governor 
of  this  Province. 

1  Poston  "  Weekly  Newsletter,"  Aug.  4,  1757. 


198  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

We  congratulate  your  safe  Arrival ;  and  take  Leave  upon  this  Occasion 
to  commend  our  civil  and  Religious  Rights,  the  Cause  of  Virtue,  and  the 
Interest  of  Literature,  to  your  Excellency's  Care  and  Patronage. 

The  Common  Duties  of  your  High  Station  are  weighty  and  important ; 
and  the  present  State  of  our  Public  Affairs  is  critical  and  alarming  :  Per- 
mit us,  then,  to  assure  your  Excellency  of  our  constant  Prayers  to  the 
Supreme  Ruler,  that  your  whole  Administration,  animated  by  His  Influ- 
ence, and  succeeded  by  His  Blessing,  may  prove  happy  to  Yourself,  and 
auspicious  to  this  Community. 

And  may  your  Excellency  never  fail  to  receive  every  becoming  Tes- 
timony of  Duty,  and  Esteem,  from  an  obliged  and  grateful  People. 

To  which  his  Excellency  was  pleas' d  to  return  the  following  Answer, 
viz. :  — 

Gentlemen,  — 

Your  Address  is,  as  it  ought  to  be,  particularly  agreeable  to  me,  as  it 
ultimately  refers  all  Honour  to  His  Majesty,  where  alone  it  truly  resides. 
I  thank  you  for  your  Congratulations. 

Where  the  Spirit  of  Virtue  and  Knowledge  is,  there  is  Civil  and  Reli^ 
gious  Liberty ;  I  shall  therefore  alway  support  the  one,  as  I  mean  con- 
sciefitiously  to  maintain  the  other. 

I  thank  you  for  the  Tender  of  your  Services. —  Governfnc?it  can  never 
fail  of  all  due  Honour,  and  a  Conscientious  Obedience,  from  a  People 
animated  by  true  Religion,  under  the  leading  of  a  pious  and  godly 
Ministry.^ 

He  was  familiar  with  American  affairs,  having  come  to  this 
country  in  1753  as  secretary  to  Sir  Danvers  Osborne,  Governor 
of  New  York,  on  whose  unfortunate  death,  instead  of  returning 
to  England,  Mr.  Pownall  remained  in  America.  In  February, 
1755,  he  was  appointed  Lieutenant-Governor  of  New  Jersey, 
where  his  chief,  Mr.  Belcher,  was  "  old  and  infirm."  Ambitious 
and  able,  he  rose  quickly  to  influence.  "  Shirley  took  him  into 
his  confidence  and  communicated  his  plans  to  him ;  and  he  was 
accused  of  betraying  this  trust,  by  anticipating  all  the  important 
information  in  his  own  communications  to  the  Ministry."  In 
1755  he  returned  to  England,  coming  back  with  Lord  Loudoun 
in  1756,  but  soon  going  home  again  to  receive  the  appointment 
to  succeed  Shirley.  "  His  politics  were  those  of  Chatham  ;  and 
he  came  to  his  government  full  of  zeal  and  animation  to  promote 
the  grand  designs  of  that  Minister  for  putting  an  end  to  the  con- 
tests with  France  in  America,  by  depriving  that  power  of  all  its 
North  American  possessions."  ^ 

1  Boston  "  Weekly  Newsletter,"  Aug.     that  Pitt  did  not  receive  the  title  "  Earl 
II,  1757.  of  Chatham"  till  1766. 

2  Tudor's  Life  of  Otis,  p.  43.     Note 


THE    GATHERING   STORM.  199 

To  tliis  end  he  directed  his  efforts ;  and  his  administration, 
though  brief,  pulled  some  of  the  glorious  laurels  which  Shirley 
had  missed.  In  1757  Lord  Loudoun  visited  Boston,  the  bells  of 
the  churches  being  rung  to  welcome  him,  and  added  his  name 
to  the  long  roll  of  distinguished  guests  of  the  "  Governor's  pew." 
But  the  British  commander-in-chief  presently  engaged  in  a  con- 
troversy with  the  Council  and  House  of  Representatives  "  in 
regard  to  quartering  and  billeting  his  troops  upon  the  people  of 
Boston,  which  by  no  means  faintly  foreshadowed  the  great  dis- 
putes which  were  to  follow.  In  this  controversy,  the  authority 
of  an  Act  of  Parhament  in  the  colony  was  boldly,  and  it  is  be- 
lieved for  the  first  time  in  our  history,  denied  ;  and  an  earnest 
protestation  was  made  that  the  colonists  were  entitled  to  all  the 
rights  and  privileges  of  Englishmen."  '-  To  Pownall's  tact,  as 
well  as  to  his  popular  sympathies  and  to  his  determined  purpose 
to  allow  no  division  to  hinder  the  vigorous  prosecution  of  the 
war,  was  due  the  avoidance  of  a  breach  between  himself  and  the 
other  branches  of  the  government. 

The  splendid  achievements  of  Wolfe  and  Amherst  gild  his 
administration  with  lustre.  As  messengers  came  and  went, 
and  as  high  officials  took  Boston  in  their  way  during  that  cul- 
minating period  of  the  "  French  War,"  there  were  few  of  them 
who  did  not  join  in  public  worship  with  the  Governor  and  the 
chief  officers  of  the  Crown  in  the  King's  Chapel.  Mr.  Pownall 
did  not,  however,  adorn  the  church  as  his  predecessor  had  done, 
as  "  in  a  community  distinguished  by  a  very  severe  tone  of 
manners,  the  light  and  free  conduct  of  a  man  of  wit  and  pleasure 
appeared  wholly  unsuited  to  the  formal  dignity  and  cautious 
propriety  which  was  expected  in  their  Chief  Magistrate."  ^  Pu- 
ritanic Samuel  Adams  called  him  a  "  fribble,"  and  on  the  other 
hand  his  liberal  tone  in  politics  alienated  from  him  those  who 
claimed  to  be  the  "  King's  friends  ;  "  so  that  it  is  not  strange  that 
he  sought  release.  In  November,  1759,  he  was  appointed  Gov- 
ernor of  South  Carolina,  "  to  let  him  down  easily"  on  his  removal 
from  Massachusetts ;  but  hoping  to  find  a  wider  field  he  sailed 
for  England,  June  3,  1760. 

Pownall  evidently  saw  the  opportunity  for  a  great  career  which 
lay  before  an  Englishman  who  should  make  himself  an  author- 
ity on  questions  relating  to  America.     Cultivated,  capable,  and 

1  Hon.  Robert  C.  Winthrop's  Ad-  Diary  and  Letters  of  Thomas  Hutchin- 
dress  before  the  Maine  Historical  Sod-  son,  p.  57.  In  this  diary  the  rancor  of 
ety  at  Bowdoin  College,  1849,  p.  18.  Pownall's  enemies  survives  in  undiluted 

2  Tudor's    Life    of    Otis,   quoted    in  asperity. 


200  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

accomplished,  he  studied  the  country  thoroughly,  and  laid  the 
foundations  of  a  knowledge  which  entitled  him  to  shape  the 
policy  of  England  toward  the  Colonies.  In  his  work  on  the  Ad- 
ministration of  the  Colonies  (London,  1764),  he  urged  "the 
necessity  of  a  revision  of  the  political  principles  uniting  the 
colonies  to  England,  preserving  to  the  colonies  their  separate 
legislatures  and  decentralized  administration.  A  common  king- 
ship was  to  be  the  executive  of  his  union,  with  'a  great  federal 
parliament  in  which  every  State  was  represented,  meeting  in  the 
territorial  centre ;  and  if  need  be  the  seat  of  government  of  the 
Union  was  to  be  ultimately  removed  to  America." 

Boston,  June  5'!",  1760.  —  Last  Tuesday,  about  Noon,  his  Excellency 
Governor  Pownall,  attended  by  His  Honor  the  Lieutenant-Governor, 
the  Honorable  Gentlemen  of  His  Majesty's  Council  and  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, and  a  great  Number  of  Civil  and  Military  Officers,  and  other 
Gentlemen,  set  out  from  the  Court-House  in  this  Town,  and  being  escorted 
by  the  Company  of  Cadets,  under  Arms,  walk'd  in  Procession,  thro'  King 
Street,  down  the  Long-Wharf,  where  the  Castle-Barge  lay  ready  for  the 
Reception  of  His  Excellency :  And  after  receiving  the  most  respectful 
Salutations  upon  his  Departure  from  us,  His  Excellency  was  received 
into  the  Barge  ;  The  Barge  of  the  Province  Ship  King  George  also  at- 
tending, a  Number  of  Gentlemen  accompanied  His  Excellency  :  Upon 
the  Barge's  putting  off  the  Wharf,  in  order  to  proceed  to  Nantasket, 
His  Excellency  was  saluted  by  the  Discharge  of  the  Guns  of  the  Bat- 
teries of  this  Town ;  as  also  by  those  of  the  Castle  upon  passing  that 
Fortress  ;  —  Upon  arriving  in  Nantasket-Road,  His  Excellency  went  first 
on  board  the  Province  Ship  King  George,  Capt.  Hallowell,  the  Guns  of 
said  Ship  being  discharg'd  upon  His  Excellency's  coming  aboard ;  and 
after  a  very  elegant  Entertainment  at  Dinner,  His  Excellency  put  off  in 
the  Barge,  (the  Guns  of  the  Ship  being  again  discharged,)  and  embarked 
on  board  the  Ship  Benjamin  and  Samuel,  Capt.  Patten,  lying  also  in 
Nantasket  Road,  and  about  8  o'Clock  came  under  Sail,  and  proceeded 
on  his  Voyage  to  England.-^ 

Deciding  not  to  return  to  the  dreary  routine  of  colonial  ad- 
ministration, Mr.  Pownall  was  appointed  director-general  or 
comptroller,  with  the  rank  of  colonel  in  the  army  in  Germany 
in  1762,  but  soon  resigned. 

As  a  member  of  Parliament  for  twenty  years  he  was  reckoned 
among  the  best  friends  of  America,  making  many  speeches  in 
defence  of  the  right  of  the  colonists  to  refuse  taxation  without 
representation.    He  was  the  author  of  the  saying  that  "  England 

1  Boston  "Weekly  Newsletter,"  June  5,  1760. 


THE    GATHERING    STORM.  201 

had  turned  us  out  as  wild  colts,  and  then  found  it  hard  to  put  us 
to  use  as  horses."  As  war  became  imminent,  however,  and  when 
in  1774  he  lost  his  election,  he  made  advances  to  Lord  North, 
and  in  January,  1775,  was  elected  as  a  supporter  of  the  Ministry, 
whose  coercive  measures  he  favored,  while  opposing  Burke's 
Conciliatory  Bill.  Hutchinson  says  of  him:  "  Pownall  was 
frightened  at  having  sown  the  wind  which  reaped  such  a  whirl- 
wind." Doubtless  the  failure  of  his  hope  for  a  "  Greater  Britain  " 
cut  him  to  the  heart,  and  when  the  Americans  took  up  arms,  as 
an  Englishman  he  went  with  his  country.  "  Like  our  war  Dem- 
ocrats, he  was  for  the  war,  and  against  most  of  its  principles."  ^ 
Governor  Pownall  had  said  truly,  that  "  it  was  essential  to  the 
preservation  of  the  empire  to  keep  the  Colonies  disconnected 
and  independent  of  each  other,  that  they  must  cohere  in  one 
centre  (the  mother  country),  and  that  they  must  be  guarded 
against  having  or  forming  any  principle  of  coherence  with  each 
other  above  that  whereby  they  cohere  in  their  centre.^  As 
now  a  member  of  the  Tory  party,  his  speeches  were  more 
effective  for  America  than  if  he  had  been  in  the  Opposition.  In 
December,  1777,  he  said  "  he  knew  he  should  displease  gentlemen 
on  both  sides  of  the  House,  but  that  England's  sovereignty  over 
America  was  abolished  and  gone  forever."  In  1778  he  urged  on 
the  ministers  a  plan  of  peace  on  the  basis  of  independence,  and 
in  1 78 1  he  brought  forward  a  bill  to  "empower  his  Majesty  to 
make  peace  or  truce  with  America."  This  being  opposed  by  his 
own  party  and  supported  by  the  Whigs,  he  retired  from  Parlia- 
ment, and  accepted  the  fact  that  his  political  career  was  closed. 
Pownall  remained,  however,  a  lover  of  this  country,  writing  to 
his  friend  James  Bowdoin,  so  early  as  April,  1778,  that  he  had 
continually  cherished  the  wish  to  return  to  America;  that  his 
marriage  had  fixed  him  in  England,  but  that  the  death  of  his 
wife,^  which  took  place  March,  1777,  had  broken  the  last  tie  that 
bound  him  to  that  country,  and  announced  his  purpose  of  giving 
his  Pownalborough  lands  to  Harvard  College  and  of  bequeathing 
his  books  to  its  library.  The  lands  were  given,  but  with  little 
pecuniary  advantage  to  the  College,  while  it  never  received  the 

1  See   article   on  Governor   Thomas  Administration  of  the  Colonies"  (Third 
Pownall  by  Robert   Ludlow   Fowler,  in  Edition,  London,  1766),  p.  36. 
"Magazine  of  American  History,"  No-  ^  jjg  married,  Aug.  3,  1763,  Harriet, 
vember,  1886,  p.   409,    to    which    I    am  daughter  of  Lieutenant-General  Church- 
much  indebted.  ill,  and  widow  of  Sir  Everard  Faulkner. 

2  "  Archaeologia  Americana,"  vol.  v.  She  died  Feb.  6,  1777,  aged  51,  and  he 
pp.  Ivii.-lviii.     See  also  Pownall's  "  The  married  again,  in    1784,  Mrs.  Astell  of 

Everton  House,  Bedfordshire. 


202  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

books;    and    his    return   here  was  doubtless  prevented  by  his 
second  marriage.     He  wrote  again  to  Rev.  Dr.  Cooper:  — 

Richmond.  Surrey,  Feb.  28,  'S3. 
"  Dear  Sir,  —  Since  the  restoration  of  peace  and  the  establishment  of 
the  sovereignty  of  America  permits  me,  without  the  imputation  of  a  crime 
against  the  government  under  whose  protection  and  in  whose  allegiance 
I  am,  to  correspond  with  my  old  friends,  I  seize  the  first  opportunity,  my 
friend,  of  congratulating  you  on  the  establishment  of  the  State  [of]  Mas- 
sachusetts Bay  in  political  freedom  ;  sit  pcrpctua  I  I,  who  was  nearly 
related  to  it  when  it  was  a  Province,  who  never  wished  to  have  any  other 
command  over  it  but  to  command  its  love,  in  which  I  was  not  disap- 
pointed, who  was  invariably  its  friend  while  it  was  permitted  to  me,  and 
now  it  is  again  permitted  am  so  with  redoubled  ardor,  do  avowedly 
rejoice  in  this  acknowledged  revolution.  I  view  it  as  an  event  arising  by 
the  invisible  hand  of  God,  interposing  beyond  the  ordinary  course  of 
human  affairs.  I  view  it  not  only  as  a  blessing  to  the  citizens  of  America, 
but  as  one  prepared  for  them  of  all  countries  who  are  worthy  of  freedom 
and  willing  to  seek  and  partake  of  it.  I  look  upon  it  as  a  dispensation 
of  Providence,  under  which  the  world  for  [the]  future  shall,  in  its  polity, 
be  established  on  and  governed  by  a  Jicw  system,  according  to  the  laws 
of  nature  and  the  rights  of  man."  ^ 

The  arrival  of  Governor  Bernard,  in  1760,  is  thus  chronicled: 

Boston,  August  7,  1760.  —  Saturday  last  about  Two  o'Clock  came 
to  Town  by  Land  from  Providence  His  Excellency  Francis  Bernard, 
Esq.,  with  His  Majesty's  Royal  Commission  to  be  Captain-General  and 
Governor-in-Chief  in  and  over  this  His  Majesty's  Province  of  the  Massa- 
Chusetts-Bay  ;  as  also  a  Commission  from  the  Right  Honorable  the 
Lords  of  the  Admiralty  to  be  Vice-Admiral  of  the  same. 

His  Excellency  embarked  with  his  family  on  board  the  Massachusetts 
armed  Sloop,  and  sailed  from  his  late  Government  of  New  Jersey  on 
Monday  the  28th  of  July,  and  arrived  at  Newport  in  Rhode-Island  on 
Wednesday  Evening  following.  His  Excellency  and  Lady  lodged  that 
Night  at  Mr.  Collector  Wanton's,  and  the  next  Morning  proceeded  from 
Newport  to  Providence,  in  a  Passage  Boat  provided  for  that  Purpose, 
accompanied  by  Mr.  Secretary  Oliver,  who  waited  at  Rhode  Island  to 
attend  His  Excellency.  The  Governor  was  saluted  as  He  passed  along 
by  a  Discharge  of  five  Guns  from  the  Massachusetts  Sloop,  and  of  eleven 
from  the  Fort. 

His  Excellency  arrived  at  Providence  that  Afternoon ;  and  the  next 
Day  He  and  his  Lady  set  out  in  his  Chariot  and  lodged  at  Wrentham  that 
Night ;  from  whence  he  sat  out  early  the  next  Morning,  attended  by  Mr. 
Sheriff  Greenleaf,  who  arrived  there  the  Evening  before,  and  by  Major 

1  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings,  1878,  xvi.  177. 


THE   GATHERING    STORM.  203 

Price  and  a  Party  of  the  Governor's  Troop  of  Horse  Guards  detached 
thither  for  that  Purpose  ;  and  was  met  at  Dedham  by  His  Honor  the 
Lieutenant-Governor  and  sundry  Gentlemen  of  the  Council,  attended  by 
Brigadier-General  Royall  with  the  rest  of  the  Troop  of  Guards  under 
his  Command,  and  on  the  Road  from  thence  by  a  great  Number  of 
Gentlemen  from  Town  in  their  Coaches  and  Chariots,  and  proceeded  to 
the  Province  House,  where  the  Company  of  Cadets,  under  the  Com- 
mand of  Colonel  Jarvis,  was  drawn  up.  His  Excellency  received  the 
Congratulations  of  a  Number  of  Gentlemen,  who  had  repaired  thither  on 
the  Occasion  ;  from  thence  His  Excellency  walked  in  Procession  to  the 
Court-House,  being  escorted  by  the  Company  of  Cadets  :  The  Regiment 
of  Militia  in  this  Town,  commanded  by  Colonel  Phillips,  being  also  under 
Arms,  and  drawn  up  in  the  Main-Street,  the  respective  Ofificers  payed 
the  standing  Salute  as  His  Excellency  passed  by  :  The  Streets  and  Win- 
dows of  the  Houses,  etc.,  were  crouded  with  Spectators  on  this  Occasion. 
His  Excellency  being  come  to  the  Council  Chamber  received  the  Con- 
gratulations of  a  Committee  of  the  Great  and  General  Court,  appointed 
for  that  Purpose  ;  after  which  His  Majesty's  Royal  Commission  to  His 
Excellency,  as  also  that  from  the  Lords  of  the  Admiralty,  were  opened 
and  publickly  read,  and  the  usual  Oaths  administered  by  His  Honor  the 
Lieutenant-Governor ;  after  which  he  was  congratulated  by  the  Honor- 
able His  Majesty's  Council  and  a  great  Number  of  Gentlemen  then 
present ;  which  was  followed  by  three  Vollies  from  the  Troop  of  Guards, 
Colonel  Phillip's  Regiment  of  Militia,  and  the  Company  of  Cadets,  and 
three  Huzzas  from  the  Populace,  as  also  a  Discharge  from  the  Guns  at 
Castle  William,  the  Batteries  in  this  Town  and  Charlestown,  and  from 
the  Province  Ship  King  George,  Capt.  Hallowell,  and  the  other  Ships  in 
the  Harbour.  After  which  His  Excellency,  with  the  Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor and  Council,  a  Number  of  Officers  civil  and  military,  and  of  the 
Clergy,  and  other  Gentlemen,  were  entertained  with  an  elegant  Dinner, 
provided  at  Faneuil  Hall  for  that  purpose."  ^ 

The  church  also  took  an  honorable  place  in  this  stately  wel- 
come to  the  Governor  whose  administration  was  to  have  such 
momentous  consequences  for  America. 

The  Selectmen  of  the  town  waited  on  Governor  Bernard  on 
Tuesday,  expressing  their  "  sincere  joy  on  this  occasion,"  at  "  the 
Appointment  of  a  Gentleman  of  your  acknowledged  Accom- 
plishments to  this  important  Trust."     In  his  reply  he  said: 

^^  I  can  assure  you,  that  viy  highest  Atnlntion  is  to  anstver  the  Expec- 
tations you  have  conceived  of  me. 

"  The  known  and  experienced  Loyalty  of  the  Town  of  Boston,  leaves  me 
no  room  to  doubt,  but  that  you  rvill  support  His  Majesty's  Government 

1  Boston  "  Weekly  Newsletter,"  Aug.  7,  1760. 


204  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

under  7ny  Administration,  while  I  use  the  Power ^  with  which  I  am  in- 
trusted, for  the  Good  of  the  People,  over  zvho7n  I  am  placed.'' 

His  Excellency  Francis  Bernard  made  his  publick  Entrance  into 
Boston  Augf  2,  1760.  And  on  Monday  Morning  the  Rev?  Mr.  Caner, 
having  Convened  the  Clergy  and  Wardens  of  the  three  Churches  in  this 
Town,  waited  on  his  Excellency  with  the  following  address,  vizt.  :  — 

May  it  please  your  Excellency  : 

We,  the  Ministers  and  Wardens  of  the  episcopal  Churches  in  this 
Town,  beg  Leave  to  Congratulate  your  Excellency  on  your  safe  Arrival 
in  this  your  Government.  —  We  likewise  acknowledge  with  all  Thankful- 
ness, the  paternal  Care  of  our  most  gracious  Sovereign  in  appointing  a 
Person  of  y'  ExcelK'  approv'd  Abilities,  Integrity,  and  public  Spirit  to 
direct  the  important  Affairs  of  this  Province. 

We  persuade  ourselves,  that  a  dutiful  People  will  be  happy  under  your 
prudent  and  gentle  Administration ;  and  your  Regards  for  Religion,  and 
especially  for  that  Establishment  wherein  you  have  been  educated,  leave 
us  no  room  to  doubt  of  your  Protection  and  Encouragement  of  the 
Church  of  England. 

As  it  is  our  duty  so  we  shall  always  be  assiduous  to  honour  your  Ex- 
cellency's Person,  and  to  reverence  and  obey  your  Government.  We 
shall  make  it  our  hearty  Prayer  that  God  may  bless  you  and  your  Family, 
and  succeed  your  Administration  to  the  Advancement  of  his  Glory  and 
the  Welfare  of  this  Province. 

To  which  His  Excellency  was  pleas'd  to  Return  the  following 
Answer :  — 

Gentlemen,  —  /  am  very  much  obliged  to  you  for  this  kind  Address, 
and  especially  for  your  Hopes  of  and  Wishes  for  the  good  Success  of 
my  Administration  in  this  Province.  The  Advancement  of  Religion  I 
esteem  to  be  one  of  my  first  Duties  ;  and  I  can  say  that  it  is  most  suit- 
able to  my  own  Disposition.  You  may  therefore  be  assured  that  I  shall 
use  my  best  Endeavours  to  render  that  Conun union,  in  tvhich  I  imbibed 
the  first  Principles  of  Religion,  most  Conducive  to  the  Ends  of  it} 

And  so  we  can  picture  to  ourselves  the  representatives  of  the 
Royal  Church  taking  their  leave  with  old-fashioned  courtesy  of 
the  representative  of  the  Royal  State,  and  passing  out  from  the 
quaint  and  stately  Province  House,  among  liveried  footmen,  and 
down  the  broad  paved  court-yard  opposite  the  South  Church, 
then  up  School  Street  to  the  Church,  where  they  part  with 
mutual  felicitations  on  the  churchmanship  of  their  new  Gover- 
nor and  the  happy  days  beginning  for  episcopacy  and  loyalty 
under  his  administration.     Little  could  they  or  he  foresee  the 

1  Both  Addresses  and  the  Replies  are  printed  in  the  "Newsletter,"  Aug.  7,  1760. 


THE    GATHERING    STORM.  20$ 

darkening  chapter  of  history  which  would  cuhninate  in  his  head- 
ing the  Hst  of  "  Notorious  Conspirators  against  the  Government 
and  Liberties  of  the  late  Province,  now  State,  of  Massachusetts 
Bay  "  in  the  Act  of  Confiscation. 

There  is  a  significant  difference  of  tone  in  another  address  and 
reply:  — 

"And  Yesterday  the  associated  Ministers  of  the  congregational 
Churches  in  this  Town  waited  on  his  Excellency,  and  presented  the 
following  Address,  viz. :  — 

May  it  please  your  Excellency  : 

We,  the  associated  Pastors  of  the  Congregational  Churches  in  this 
Town,  beg  Leave  with  great  Respect  to  address  your  Excellency,  ap- 
pointed to  the  Command  of  this  Province  by  our  gracious  King,  the 
Wisdom  and  Blessings  of  whose  Government  are  known  and  felt  to  the 
Extremities  of  His  Dominion. 

We  congratulate  your  Excellency  upon  this  Appointment  and  upon 
your  safe  Arrival  at  the  Capital  of  the  Province. 

Civil  Government  can  never  want  the  Reverence  and  Submission 
which  it  justly  claims,  where  Christian  Virtue  prevails  :  It  is  our  Duty 
to  teach  and  recommend  what  is  so  essential  to  the  good  Order  and 
Happiness  of  a  Community ;  and  while  we  discharge  this  Duty,  your 
Excellency  will  allow  us  to  depend  upon  your  Favor  and  Patronage. 

We  devoutly  implore  the  Blessing  of  Heaven  upon  your  Administra- 
tion. May  every  Branch  of  the  Public  Interest  flourish  under  its  happy 
Influence !  and  may  it  create  warm  and  lasting  Sentiments  of  Gratitude 
and  Respect  in  all  who  enjoy  it ! 

To  which  His  Excellency  was  pleased  to  return  the  following 
Answer  :  — 

Gendemen  : 
I  Am  very  sensible  hoiv  much  the  good  Order  atid  Happiness  of  a 
Coininiifiity  depend  upon  the  Prevalence  of  Christian  Virtue ;  and 
tJierefore  I  shall  always  endeavour  to  assist  the  Labours  of  that  Order 
of  Men,  who  are  peculiarly  assigned  to  the  explaining  and  enforcing  the 
Duties  of  the  Christian  Religion.  You,  Gentlemen,  who  have  distin- 
guished yourselves  by  your  Ministry  in  this  To7vn,  will  be  particularly 
intitled  to  and  may  ahvays  depend  upon  my  Favor  and  Patronage} 

The  new  Governor,  whose  term  of  office,  so  auspiciously 
begun,  was  to  close  amid  all  the  unpopularity  which  could 
be  visited  by  a  high-spirited  people  on  the  verge  of  revolu- 
tion upon  the  faithful  servant  of  the  obnoxious  policy  of  Great 
Britain,  came  from  an  ancient  family  in  Nettleham,  Lincolnshire, 

1  Boston  "Weekly  Newsletter,"  Aug.  7,  1760. 


206  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


be( 


being  thirteenth  in  descent  from  Godfrey  Bernard  of  Wansford, 
Yorkshire  East  Riding,  in  the  reign   of  Henry  III.     He  had 

been  Governor 
New  Jersey, 
from  which  po- 
sition    he     was 

transferred  to  his  new  post.  A  graduate  of  Oxford,  and  a  man 
of  fine  hterary  gifts  and  cultivation,  he  was  a  friend  to  Harvard 
College,  furnishing  the  architectural  plan  of  the  new  Harvard 
Hall  after  the  older  hall  had  been  destroyed  by  hre,  and  giving 
it  many  books. ^ 

He  had  married  in  1741  Amelia,  daughter  of  Stephen  Offlay, 
Esq.,  of  Norton  Hall,  Derbyshire,  and  their  family  of  ten  chil- 
dren adorned  the  spacious  limits  of  the  State  pew.^ 

The  Governor  was  a  regular  attendant  upon  public  worship, 
"  attached  to  the  Church  of  England,  but,"  as  Eliot  says,  "  no 
bigot.  When  at  his  country-seat  in  Roxbury^  he  seldom  rode 
to  Boston  upon  the  Sabbath,  but  commonly  attended  service  at 
the  nearest  Congregational  Church,  which  was  in  Brookline. 
He  gave  also,  as  a  reason  for  this  preference,  that  the  preacher 
in  Brookline  was  shorter  in  his  services  than  most  Puritanical 
divines,  particularly  the  Roxbury  minister."  * 

"  From  his  accession  in  1760,  down  to  the  very  day  on  which 
the  last  British  Governor  was  finally  driven  from  our  shores, 
there  was  one  continued  conflict  between  the  legislative  and 
executive  authorities.  Governor  Bernard,  in  his  very  first 
speech  to  the  Assembly,  gave  a  clew  to  his  whole  political  char- 
acter and  course  by  alluding  to  the  blessings  which  the  Colonies 
derived  *  from  their  subjection  to  Great  Britain  ; '  and  the  Coun- 
cil, in  their  reply  to  this  speech,  furnished  a  no  less  distinct 
indication  of  the  spirit  with  which  they  were  animated,  by  ac- 


1  Several  Greek  and  Latin  composi-  ^  Governor  Bernard's  estate  was  situ- 
tions  by  him  are  contained  in  the  famous  ated  on  the  westerly  side  of  Jamaica 
volume  "  Pietas  et  Gratulatio,"  which  Pond,  having  a  considerable  extent  of 
embalm  the  somewhat  jierfunctory  loy-  shore  and  a  liberal  share  of  front  on 
alty  of  the  College  on  the  death  of  Pond  Street.  The  house  was  taken  down 
George  IL  and  the  accession  of  his  in  1809,  a  part  of  it  having  stood  one 
grandson,  hundred  and   forty-one  years.     Soldiers 

2  The   oldest    son,    Francis,  died    in  of  the  rebel  army  were  quartered  there  in 
1770;  and  the  second,  John,  succeeded  the  summer  of  1775.  —  New-England  His- 
to  the  baronetcy,  which  was    conferred  ton'cal  and  Genealogical  Register,  x.  it,. 
on  Governor  Bernard  as  a  reward  for  his  *  Eliot's     Biographical     Dictionary, 
services.      William,   the    seventh   child,  p.  72. 


was  a  lieutenant  in  the  army,  and  died 
in  Canada  in  1776. 


'<aW^^^ 


Govefiioi   ot' iviassaciiusects  iVeOto  1769. 

From  (He  Painting  toy  Copley  in  possesaionof 

Christ  Churcli  College  Oxford. 


208  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

inent  members  of  this  congregation.  The  name  of  another  is  for- 
ever associated  with  one  of  those  half-grotesque,  half-terrible  dis- 
plays of  popular  wrath  at  the  famous  "  Liberty  Tree,"  the  great 
elm  at  the  corner  of  what  is  now  Washington  and  Essex  Streets, 
where  unacceptable  persons  were  wont  to  be  hung  in  effigy. 

Those  were  the  last  years  of  the  old-fashioned  stately  courtli- 
ness which  had  been  so  closely  associated  with  the  Chapel 
where  the  Viceroy  and  his  little  court  worshipped.  And  now, 
ever  since  the  passing  of  the  Tea  Act  in  1767,  many  a  scarlet 
uniform   was   seen   here    too ;     for  the    Common  was  whitened 

with  the  tents  of  British 

/      \  troops    sent    over   to   en- 

//  I    /    )  force  that  law  at  the  sug- 

Y^   V^  lyv        v'„x/_^^    gestion  of  Charles  Paxton. 

Uy/Tyu^     v/  ^^-7^^(TyZy  We  are  left  only  to  imagi- 
^  nation  for  our  picture  of 

the  varied  moods  of  the  congregation  which  gathered  here  while 
that  passionate  popular  "sea  wrought  and  was  tempestuous;  " 
for  while  some  were  royal  officials,  and  not  a  few  were  loyal  sub- 
jects of  Great  Britain,  the  major  part  of  the  congregation  was 
native  born,  and  must  have  been  largely  in  sympathy  with  the 
wild  beating  of  the  popular  pulse.  Doubtless  hearts  as  true  as 
ever  loved  their  country  were  stricken  when  on  that  Sunday 
night  in  March,  1770,  the  sharp  volley  of  the  "Boston  Massacre" 
rang  out  in  King  Street.  And  if  these  men  counselled  modera- 
tion when  the  South  Church  hard  by  was  thronged  with  the 
people  whom  Faneuil  Hall  could  not  contain  after  that  fatal 
act,  —  or  if  they  dared  not  even  offer  counsel  when,  nearly  four 
years  later,  that  church  overflowed  with  the  great  assembly  from 
which  the  band  went  forth,  disguised,  to  throw  the  tea  into  Bos- 
ton Harbor,  —  it  was  not  because  they  did  not  care  for  their 
country's  freedom.  It  was  madness,  they  thought,  for  this  little 
town,  by  seeming  to  approve  such  deeds  of  lawlessness  and  vio- 
lence, to  challenge  the  resistless  power  of  the  British  Empire. 
Their  judgment  was  deceived ;  they  paid  the  bitter  price  of 
exile  and  ruin.  Surely  this  later  generation  can  do  them  the 
poor  justice  now  of  remembering  their  loyalty  and  constancy  to 
their  own  conscience  ;  and,  in  not  a  few,  a  love  of  the  land  that 
had  cast  them  out,  which  outlived  the  griefs  of  exile,  and  was 
unembittered  by  poverty  and  wrong. 

The  air  was  still  surcharged  with  loyalty  when  the  news  ar- 
rived of  the  death  of  King  George  H.  and  the  accession  of  his 
grandson.      King  George  HI.  was  proclaimed   Dec.  30,   1760. 


THE    GATHERING   STORM.  209 

On  Jan.  i,  1761,  the  Governor,  Council,  and  public  authorities 
went  into  mourning.  "All  the  bells  in  the  town  began  tolling 
in  the  morning,  and  continued  most  part  of  the  day,  minute 
guns  to  the  number  of  seventy-seven  —  the  years  of  his  Majesty's 
age  —  being  discharged  at  the  Castle."  ^  The  religious  solemni- 
ties on  this  occasion  were  divided,  for  the  first  time,  between 
King's  Chapel  and  the  established  Congregationalism.  Rev. 
Samuel  Cooper  had  been  appointed  to  preach  in  the  Brattle 
Square  Meeting-house  in  the  morning,  "  when  the  whole  General 
Assembly  attended.  The  Governor  proposed  to  the  rector  of 
King's  Chapel  to  preach  there  in  the  afternoon,  and  the  Council 
and  Assembly  attended  with  him.  This  is  the  only  instance  of 
a  sermon  preached  before  the  General  Assembly  in  an  Episco- 
pal Church."^     The  Records  note:  — 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Vestry  of  King's  Chapel,  Legally  warn'd  and  as- 
sembled at  the  house  of  the  Rev'.'  M'  Caner,  Dec.  29,  1760,  upon  occa- 
sion of  the  News  of  the  death  of  his  Majesty  King  George  the  2^  and 
the  accession  of  King  George  the  third,  — 

Voted,  that  whereas  his  Excellency  the  Governour,  Council,  and  house 
of  Rep"  have  appointed  Thursday,  the  first  day  of  January  next,  to  be 
a  day  for  Solemnizing  the  death  of  his  Late  Majesty  King  George  the 
Second,  the  same  be  accordingly  Solemniz'd  on  said  day  at  King's 
Chapel,  and  that  the  Rev''  W.  Caner  be  desir'd  to  preach  a  Sermon 
suitable  to  the  occasion  ;  AND 

Whereas  it  is  represented  to  the  Vestry   that  his  Excell7  the  Gover- 
nour is  desirous  of  attending  the   Service   of  the  Church  on  the    day 
above   mentioned,    if  it  be  appointed  at  an  hour  compatible  with  his 
attendance,  it  is  therefore 
Voted,  That  W.  Church  Warden  be  desir'd  to  wait  on  his  Excellency  and 

consult  him  upon  that  subject. 
Voted,   That   divine   Service   upon  Thursday  next  on  Account  of  the 

Solemnity  as  above,  do  begin  at  3  o'Clock  P.  M. 

1  Snow's  History  of  Boston,  p.  246.  Voted  that  the  Pulpit  be  covered  with 

2  Hutchinson'ii  Hist.,  iii.  89.  After  black  cloath  and  the  Escutcheon  be  pro- 
the  lapse  of  more  than  a  century,  the  vided  at  the  Province  Charge  and  dis- 
General    Court  came  to  King's  Chapel  posed  of  in  the  usual  manner. 

on  several  occasions  to  hear  the  "  Elec-  Sent  up  for  concurrence. 

tion    Sermon,"   until   that  good  custom  James  Otis,  Speaker. 

was  abolished.  In  Council,  Dec.  31,  1760. 

"In   the    House   of   Rep-I^,   Dec.    31,  Read  and  Concurred. 

1760,  The  House  being  informed  by  M""  A.  Oliver, 

Secretary   that   his  Excellency  had  ap-     Consented  to,  Sec. 

pointed  a   Sermon   to   be   preach 'd    on  Fra.  Bernard." 

Thus'day  next  on  the  death  of  his  late 
Majesty  King  George  the  Second,  by  the 
Rev.  M''  Saml  Cooper, 
VOL.  II.—  14 


2IO  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Voted,  That  the  Church  Wardens  do  cause  the  pulpit,  Desk,  and  Clerk's 

desk  in  the  Chapell  to  be  cover'd  with  black  Cloth. 
Voted,  That  an  advertisement  be  order'd  by  the  Church  Wardens  to  be 

put  into  the  Thursday's  Newspaper,  in  addition  to  an   Advertisem' 

already  inserted,  to  the  following  Purport,  viz! :  "  And  there  will  be  a 

Sermon  also  at  King's  Chapel  on  the  same  day,  the  Service  to  begin 

at  3  o'clock  P.  M." 
Voted,  That  the  Church  Wardens  be  desir'd  to  notify  his  Excellency  the 

Governour  and  his  honour  the  L'  Governour  of  the  time  the  Vestry 

have  appointed  the  Service  to  begin. 

Agreeable  to  the  foregoing  appointment  and  desire  of  the  Vestry, 
The  Revi  Mr  Caner  preached  a  Sermon  suitable  to  the  occasion  on 
the  first  of  January  above  mention'd  at  King's  Chapel,  at  which  his  Ex- 
cellency the  Governour,  the  Council,  and  house  of  Representatives,  with 
a  numerous  audience,  were  present. 

And  the  next  day  the  following  Vote  passed  both  houses  :  — 

In  the  house  of  Representatives,  Jan^  2^,  1761. 
Voted,  That  the  Members  of  the  town  of  Boston,  with  such  as  the  hon^'.^ 

Board  shall  join,  be  a  Committee  to  give  the  thanks  of  the  Court  to  the 

Rev""  M":  Caner  for  his  Sermon  preach'd  before  them  Yesterday,  upon 

the  decease  of  our  Late  most  gracious  Sovereign  George  the  second, 

and  desire  a  Copy  thereof  for  the  press. 

Sent  up  for  Concurrence. 

Attest :  Roland  Cotton,  Cler.  Dom.  Rep. 

In  Council  Jany  2,  1761. 
Read  and  Concurr'd,  and  Jacob  Wendell,  John  Erving,  and  William 
Brattle,  Esq?  are  join'd  in  the  Affair. 

A.  Oliver,  Secr^ 
Consented  to  :  Francis  Barnard. 
Copy  attest :  A.  Oliver,  Secr^ 

This  was  a  fit  recognition  not  only  of  the  official  character  of 
the  church,  but  of  the  qualities  of  the  preacher  and  his  brethren. 
Rev.  Mr.  Johnson  had  written  to  Archbishop  Seeker,  July  25, 

1759:  — 

"  Rev.  M'  Caner  excels  there  as  a  preacher,  and  they  have  in  general 
a  faithful  clergy  in  all  those  parts."  ^ 

On  this  conspicuous  occasion  the  preacher  was  equal  to  his 
opportunity.  His  text  was  from  Ecclesiastes,  vii.  14,  and  his 
subject,  "  Joyfulness  and  Consideration  ;  or.  The  Duties  of  Pros- 
perity and  Adversity."  ^ 

1  N.  Y.  Colonial  MSS.,  vii.  397.  Francis  Bernard,  Esq.;  Captain-Gen- 

2  "  A  Sermon  Preached  at  King's-  eral  and  Governor  in  Chief,  The  Hon- 
Chapel,  in  .5^j^(7«,  before  His  Excellency     curable    His    Majesty's    Council    and 


THE   GATHERING    STORM.  211 

The  preacher  blended  with  a  decent  sorrow  for  the  dead  old 
King  fervid  expressions  of  loyal  confidence  in  the  auspices  of 
the  new  reign. 

"  We  have  lately  been  celebrating,  with  loyal  Hearts  (I  trust)  as  well 
as  joyful  Acclamations,  the  Accession  of  his  present  Majesty,  King  George 
the  Third,  to  the  Throne  of  these  Kingdoms.  May  these  Ceremonies 
be  a  Prelude  to  the  Felicities  and  Glories  of  his  Reign  !  which  God 
grant  may  be  long  and  prosperous  over  a  free,  a  willing,  and  obedient 
People ! 

"  Doubtless  we  have  the  fairest  Prospect  of  Happiness  that  any  People 
can  reasonably  desire.  We  have  a  Prince  who  is  a  native  of  our  Coun- 
try, born  and  educated  among  us,  with  a  high  Sense  of  the  Excellence 
of  the  English  Constitution ;  to  whom  therefore  we  may  reasonably  con- 
fide that  the  Interest,  the  Honour,  and  Privileges  of  it  will  be  very  dear ; 
and  from  the  Sweetness  of  whose  Temper  and  Disposition,  the  Bright- 
ness of  his  Capacity,  and  the  Goodness  of  his  Heart,  we  may  hope  to  find 
every  Instance  of  Favour  and  Indulgence  that  the  Happiness  of  his 
People  shall  at  any  Time  demand.  .  .  . 

"  It  is  now  Time  to  recall  our  Reflections  to  a  Subject  more  severely 
solemn,  —  to  drop  a  Tear  to  the  Memory  of  our  late  gracious  Sovereign, 
King  George  the  Second  ;  to  recall  the  Glories  of  his  Reign,  the  Wisdom 
of  his  Counsels,  the  Success  of  his  Arms,  his  inflexible  Attachment  to  the 
true  Interest  of  his  People,  and  his  unwearied  Endeavours  to  promote 
their  Happiness." 

A  deserved  tribute  was  paid  to  the  elder  Pitt :  — 

"  Hitherto,  indeed,  the  Administration  has  been  conducted  by  a 
Patriot  of  as  much  Wisdom  and  Integrity,  and  of  as  great  Abilities,  as 
ever  blest  the  Nation  or  adorn'd  the  Court. 

"  Where  is  now  the  benevolent  Prince,  the  tender  Father  of  his  People, 
the  Desire  of  his  Subjects,  whose  Happiness  he  delighted  to  promote?" 

Mr.  Caner  spoke  of  King  Josiah  :  — 

"  I  do  not  intend  to  draw  a  Parallel  between  that  Prince  and  ours  ;  I 
am  sensible  that  there  is  a  wide  Difference  in  many  Respects  ;  but  in  the 
Love  and  Gratitude  of  their  People  perhaps  they  were  not  unlike."  ^ 

House    of    Representatives,   of    the  mon  delivered    at    Nassau    Hall    (now 

Province  of  the   Massachusetts  Bay,  in  Princeton  College),  Jan.  14,  1761,  on  the 

Nezv  England,  January   i,  1761.     Upon  death  of  King  George  XL,  by  President 

Occasion  of  the  Death  of  our  late  most  Davies,  which  begins:  — 
gracious   Sovereign    King   George   the  "  George  is  no  More  !     George,  the 

Second.     By  Henry  Caner,  A.M.  Min-  Mighty,  the   Just,  the    Gentle,    and  the 

ister  of  said  Chapel.     Printed  by  Order  Wise ;    George,  the  Father  of  Britain 

of  His  Excellency  the  Governor,  and  and  her  Colonies,  the  Guardian  of  Laws 

both  Houses  of  Assembly."  and   Liberty,  the    Protector   of  the   op- 

1  The  grave  and  moderate  tone  of  this  pressed,  the  Arbiter  of  Europe,  the  Ter- 

discourse  may  be  compared  with  a  Ser-  ror  of  Tyrants  and  France ;  George,  the 


212  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

There  were  other  pubHc  events  in  which  King's  Chapel  took 
part.  Its  bell  had  "  rung  merrily,"  with  those  of  the  other  Bos- 
ton churches,  on  the  receipt  of  the  news  of  the  capture  of 
Louisburg,  July  3,  1745,  and  now  (1758)  again  it  hailed  the 
same  tidings. 

"  On  Occasion  of  receiving  the  good  News  of  the  Reduction  and  Sur- 
render of  Louisbourg  to  His  Majesty's  Arms,  Friday  last  was  celebrated 
as  a  Day  of  Publick  Rejoicing  in  this  and  the  neighbouring  Towns  :  — 

"  All  the  Bells  in  the  Town  continued  ringing  for  the  greatest  Part  of 
the  Day:  —  At  Noon  31  Pieces  of  Cannon  were  discharged  at  His 
Majesty's  Castle  William  ;  which  were  followed  by  the  firing  off  the  Guns 
at  the  several  Batteries  and  Vessels  in  the  Harbour,  with  their  Colours  all 
displayed:  —  in  the  afternoon  His  Excellency's  Company  of  Cadets, 
commanded  by  Col.  Jarvis,  made  a  handsome  Appearance  under 
Arms  ;  as  did  also  the  new-rais'd  independent  Company,  commanded  by 
Capt.  ThofJias  Walker,  performing  their  Excercises  and  Firings  with 
great  Exactness  and  Regularity  :  —  In  the  Evening,  the  Court-House, 
Province-House,  Faneuil-Hall,  and  almost  all  the  Houses  throughout 
this  Town,  and  at  Charlstown,  Roxbury,  etc.,  were  beautifully  illuminated, 
and  made  a  bright  and  splendid  Appearance. — The  Weather  being  fair, 
and  the  Air  serene  and  pleasant,  the  Streets  were  fill'd  with  numberless 
Spectators,  continually  passing  and  repassing  along.  —  A  stately  Bonfire, 
like  a  Pyramid,  was  erected  and  kindled  on  the  Top  of  Fort-Hill,  which 
made  a  lofty  and  prodigious  Blaze,  and  a  Variety  of  Fire-Works  were  con- 
tinually playing  off  —  A  chearful  Countenance  appear'd  in  all  Ranks  of 
People  ;  and  such  Demonstrations  of  Joy  among  his  Majesty's  loyal 
Subjects  were  scarcely  ever  exceeded."  ^ 

"  On  Wednesday  last  Week  died  here  Lieutenant  Patrick  Dunbar,  of 
General  Amherst's  Regiment,  in  the  28'^  Year  of  his  Age ;  and  on 
Friday  Afternoon  was  buried  with  great  Solemnity  :  The  Corpse  was 
preceeded  by  a  Party  of  the  Royal  Regiment  of  Artillery,  under  Arms, 
in  military  Mourning,  and  followed  by  the  Remainder  of  the  Train  which 
are  quartered  here,  and  a  Number  of  Olificers  of  his  Majesty's  Army  and 
several  Gentlemen  of  the  Town,  in  their  proper  Order,  to  King's 
Chapel,  where,  after  the  Service  suited  to  the  Occasion,  the  Corpse  was 
brought  out,  and  three  distinct  Vollies  fired  by  the  Party  under  Arms, 
and  then  was  deposited  in  a  Vault  under  said  Church.^ 

"  Yesterday  was  observed  as  a  Day  of  Publick  Thanksgiving,  when  the 
several  Churches  and  Congregations  united  in  their  Praises  to  Almighty 
God  for  the  late  Successes  of  His  Majesty's  Arms,   more  especially 

Friend  of  Man,  the  Benefactor  of  Mil-         ^  "  Newsletter,"  Aug.  24,  1758. 
lions,  Is  No  More  !  .  .  .  Millions  trem-         -  Ibid.,  Dec  28,  1758. 
ble  at  the  Alarm.    Britain  expresses  her 
Sorrow  in  National  Groans." 


THE    GATHERING   STORM.  213 

against  Quebec,  the  Capital  of  Canada,  agreable  to  his  Excellency's 
Proclamation  issued  on  the  13'^  Instant. 

"  At  the  Illuminations  last  Week,  in  one  of  the  Windows  near  the 
Court-House  was  represented  A  Monument,  with  this  Inscription,  'm.  s. 
iNViCTissiMi  viRi  jACOBi  woLFii  xiii.  SEPTEMBRis,  MDCCLIX.'  And  on 
the  Top  Victory  resting  on  a  Spear,  and  holding  out  a  Wreath  of  Laurel 
in  the  Right  Hand.  In  another  Window  was  represented  the  City  of 
Quebec,  with  the  English  Flag  flying  and  the  French  Flag  lying  on 
the  Ground,  with  the  Staff  broke  ;  and  over  all  Fatue  sounding  her 
Trumpet."  ^ 

The  Records  note  on  this  great  event:  — 

Oct.  13,  1759.  Whereas  the  Governor,  Council,  and  house  of  Repre- 
sentatives appointed  Tuesday,  the  i6th  Instant,  to  be  observed  at  Doct. 
Sewall's  meeting  house  as  a  Public  Thanksgiving  to  Almighty  God  for 
the  great  Victory  his  Majesty's  Arms  has  obtained  over  the  French  at 
Quebeck  and  for  reducing  that  City  to  Obedience  of  the  Crown  of  Great 
Britain, 
Voted,  that  the  same  be  observed  at  the  same  time  by  this  Church,  and 

that  the  Rev.  M^  Caner  be  desired  to  preach  on  that  Occasion. 

Our  Register  of  Burials  records :  — 

1 76 1,  Dec.  16.  —  Edward  Whit- 
more,  Esq^ 
Major  Generall  & 
Governor  of  Louisburg, 
71- 
"  Yesterday  arrived  here  Capt.  Church,  in  13  Days  from  Louisburg, 
and  informs,  that  his  Excellency  Brigadier  General  Whitmore,  Governor 
of  that  Place  and  Colonel  of  the  22*^  Regiment  of  Foot,  embark'd  on 
board  his  Vessel  in  order  to  proceed  hither,  but  that  by  contrary  Winds 
they  were  obliged  to  put  into  Plymouth  last  Friday,  when  between  1 1 
and  1 2  o'clock  at  Night  his  Excellency  occasionally  going  out  upon  Deck, 
he  by  some  Accident  fell  overboard  and  was  unfortunately  drowned,  no 
Body  being  upon  Deck  to  give  him  any  Assistance;  His  Body  was  taken 
up  the  next  Morning  near  the  Gurnet,  and  is  bro't  up  by  Capt.  Church 
in  order  for  a  decent  Interment :  The  Jury  of  Inquest  who  sat  upon  his 
Excellency's  Body  Yesterday  bro't  in  their  Verdict,  Accidental  Death." 

"  On  Wednesday  last  the  corps  of  Major-General  Whitjmore  was  in- 
terred in  the  King's  Chapel  with  all  the  Honours  which  this  Town  could 
give.  The  procession  went  from  the  Town-House  to  the  King's  Chapel 
in  the  following  Manner :  — 

A  Party  of  the  Troop  of  Horse-Guards 
The  Company  of  Cadets 

1  "Newsletter,"  Oct.  26,  1759. 


214  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

The  Officers  of  the  Regiment  of  Militia 

The  officiating  Ministers 

The  Corps 

(the  Pall,  supported  by  six  regular  Officers) 

The  Chief  Mourners 

The  Governor  and  Lieutenant  Governor 

The  Council 

The  Judges 

Justices 

Ministers 

The  principal  Gentlemen  of  the  Town 

A  great  Number  of  Coaches  and  Chariots  closed  the  Procession. 

"  During  the  whole  Procession  Minute  Guns  were  fired,  to  the  amount 

of  70,  being  the  Number  of  Years  of  the  General's  Age.     The  Corps 

was  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  King's  Chapel,  whilst  Part  of  the  Funeral 

Service  was  performed,  and  was  from  thence   carried   into  the  Vaults 

below  and  there  interred.  —  Whilst  the  last  Service  was  performing  the 

Cadets  fired  three  Vollies."  ^ 

One  more  great  event  was  to  give  occasion  for  the  rector  of 
King's  Chapel  to  utter  patriotic  warnings  against  instability,  and 
to  speak  as  a  loyal  subject  who  saw  even  in  the  hour  of  proudest 
rejoicing  the  cloud  rising  on  the  horizon. 

The  signing  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  by  which  France  gave  up 
her  possessions  on  this  continent,  and  New  England  was  for- 
ever delivered  from  her  immemorial  enemy,  was  celebrated  by  a 
General  Thanksgiving,  Aug.  11,  1763,  when  Mr.  Caner  preached 
on  "  The  Great  Blessing  of  Stable  Times,  together  with  the 
means  of  procuring  it."  This  was  printed,  prefaced  by  "  A 
Short  Prayer  before  Sermon,"  in  two  pages  quarto. 

"  Continue,"  it  said,  "  we  beseech  thee,  thy  favour  to  our  Sovereign 
lord  King  George  and  all  that  are  employed  under  him,  whether  in 
Church  or  State.  Let  no  unhappy  divisions  disquiet  his  reign  or  inter- 
rupt the  internal  harmony  of  his  government." 

The  text  was  from  Isaiah,  xxxiii.  6,  —  "  Wisdom  and  knowl- 
edge shall  be  the  stability  of  thy  times." 
The  preacher  gravely  said  :  — 

"  For  should  a  spirit  of  unquietness  and  disturbance  at  home  defeat 
the  great  ends  and  blessing  of  peace,  and  render  the  times  unstable,  it 

1  Boston    "  Evening   Post,"  Dec.  14,  churches,   see  "  London   Quarterly   Re- 

21,  1761.     General  Whitmore  had  been  view,"  Ixxiii.  446,  and  "Dealings  with 

gazetted    Major-General    at    the    same  the   Dead,"  by   a   Sexton   of    the    Old 

time  with   General   Mascarene   of    this  School,  i.  220. 
parish,  January,   1758.      On  burials  in 


THE   GATHERING   STORxM.  215 

will  be  in  vain  for  us  to  look  for  stability  in  this  land,  how  distant  soever 
it  be  from  the  root  or  source  of  such  evils. 

"If,  therefore,  you  are  desirous  of -rendering  this  great  blessing  stable 
and  lasting,  be  persuaded  each  of  you  according  to  your  several  stations 
and  opportunities  to  endeavor  to  make  it  so ;  First  of  all  by  cultivating 
the  firmest  allegiance  to  our  gracious  Sovereign,  and  a  becoming  concern 
for,  and  dutiful  submission  to,  our  excellent  established  government  in 
Church  and  State,  which  the  divine  goodness  has  still  continued  to  us 
notwithstanding  the  perpetual  restless  attempts  of  our  enemies  to  deprive 
us  of  it,  and  notwithstanding  our  own  great  unworthiness  of  this  distin- 
guishing mercy.  And  let  us  be  particularly  cautious  not  to  foment 
divisions  or  give  countenance  to  murmuring  and  discontent,  to  a  tur- 
bulent and  unruly  temper,  nor  entertain  groundless  apprehensions  as  to 
administration  of  affairs,  whether  national  or  provincial.  But  above  all 
things  let  us  take  care  to  cultivate  that  religious  wisdom  and  knowledge 
which  was  mentioned  before,  and  which  is  expressly  recommended  in 
the  text."  ^ 

This  sermon  was  dedicated  "  To  his  EXCELLENCY  FRANCIS 
Bernard,  Esq  ,  Captain-General  and  Governor  in  Chief  of  his 
Majesty's  Province  of  the  Massachusetts-Bay  in  New  Eng.,  &c." 

The  preacher  significantly  said :  — 

"  Sir,  —  When  I  received  your  commands  to  publish  the  following 
plain  discourse,  I  could  not  flatter  myself  that  your  Excellency  had  any 
other  motive  than  that  of  giving  a  sanction  to  my  honest  endeavours  to 
excite  in  those  that  heard  me  a  spirit  of  Gratitude  to  God  for  his  distin- 
guishing favours  to  this  nation  and  land,  and  to  promote  that  loyalty  and 
obedience  to  government  on  which  the  stability  of  our  present  happiness 
doth  so  much  depend.  ...  I  suppose  it  will  be  allowed  me  that  things 
might  have  been  worse,  and  God  grant  that  they  may  not  prove  so  yet. 
If  a  spirit  of  murmuring  and  discontent  should  get  the  better  of  our 
gratitude,  I  see  not  but  that  internal  discord  may  accomplish  that  which 
external  violence  was  not  able  to  effect,  —  rob  us  (I  mean)  of  those 
blessings  which  we  do  confessedly  enjoy.  If  anything  in  the  following 
discourse  has  a  tendency  to  prevent  so  unfortunate  a  consequence,  I 
shall  not  repent  me  of  the  present  publication." 

The  history  of  King's  Chapel  becomes  at  this  point  still  more 
intimately  connected  than  before  with  the  course  of  events  upon 

1  "Tlie    Great    Blessing    of     Stable  et  humanarum  sclentiam,  cognitionemq; 

times,  together  with  the  means  of  pro-  quae   cujusq ;  rei  causa  sit ;  ex  quo  effi- 

curing  it,  A  Sermon  preached  at  King's  citur,  ut  divina  imitetur,  luimana  omnia 

Chapel  in  Boston,  Aug.  11,  1763,  Be-  inferiora  virtute  ducat.     Cic.   Tusc.   Q?i. 

ING  A  DAY  OF  THANKSGIVING  appointed  Lib.    4.     Quid  est,  per  deos,  optabilius 

by  public  Authority  on  occasion  of  the  sapientia.?  quid  praestantius?  quid  hom- 

General    Peace,   by   Henry   Caner,  ini  melius?  quid  homine  dignius  ?   Cic.  de 

M.A.,  minister  of  said  chapel.  Offic.  Lib.  2.    Boston,  MDCCLXUL" 

"  Sapientiam   esse   rerum  divinarum. 


2l6  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

the  public  stage.  The  foregoing  pages  have  shown  how,  on  one 
hand,  this  was  (so  to  speak)  the  official  church  of  those  repre- 
senting the  royal  authority  in  the  colony ;  the  name  "  Royal 
Chapel "  is,  in  fact,  sometimes  given  to  it  in  contemporary 
annals ;  ^  and  how,  on  the  other  hand,  a  certain  foreign  air  seemed 
to  invest  it,  so  that  it  came  to  be  in  a  measure  separated  from 
the  sympathies  of  the  local  public.  The  next  chapter  will  show 
what  extreme  jealousy,  even  alarm,  was  felt  towards  its  ritual 
forms  by  the  upholders  of  the  old  ecclesiastical  order,  amount- 
ing to  an  angry  dread,  with  some,  lest  episcopacy  should  put 
forth  claims,  backed  by  official  authority,  to  be  made  an  estab- 
lished religion  in  these  colonies.  This  feeling  was  naturally 
strongest  in  the  Congregational  body,  which  saw  in  Episcopacy 
a  rival  claimant  to  its  own  position  as  a  legal  and  recognized 
establishment;  and  it  had  its  share  in  the  obstinacy  and  bitter- 
ness of  the  political  conflict  which  ensued.  Some  of  the  smaller 
religious  bodies  are  represented  as  being  either  neutral  in  that 
conflict,  or  even  friendly  to  the  administration  of  the  day; 
while,  in  Virginia  and  other  colonies  where  Episcopacy  had  been 
legally  established  from  the  first,  no  such  ecclesiastical  lines 
were  drawn  among  those  who  entered  with  equal  ardor  into  the 
impending  struggle  for  national  independence. 

For  our  purpose  it  is  therefore  fortunate  that  Thomas  Hutch- 
inson—  governor  of  the  colony  from  Bernard's  recall  in  1769 
till  the  time  when  military  force  was  substituted  for  the  civil 
power,  and   our  best  authority  for  the  political  events  of  this 

1  Dec.  25,  1765.  Wednesday.  Went  "  Men  of  note  sat  and  worshipped  in 
to  church  at  King's  Chapel,  where  was  a  that  first  Royal  Chapel  —  Governors  be- 
very  gay  and  brilliant  assembly.  Several  neath  the  silken  canopy,  and  officers  of 
intervals,  in  reading  service,  made  for  the  royal  navy  and  army,  with  true  Epis- 
singing  anthems,  which  were  performed  copalians  from  birth  and  conviction  ;  and 
extremely  well.  Service  was  read  by  others  whose  motives  in  attending  there 
Parson  Caner,  and  a  sermon  preached,  or  it  is  not  for  us  to  scan.  The  pulpit, 
rather  a  harangue  pronounced  by  Par-  which  stood  against  the  wall  on  the  north 
son  Troutbeck.  After  the  sermon  a  col-  side,  contained  an  elaborate  brass  stand, 
lection  was  made  for  the  poor.  Then  the  Suspended  from  the  pillars  were  the  es- 
sacrament  was  administered  (which  I  did  cutcheons  of  Sir  Edmund  Andros  and 
not  tarry  to  see).  Dined  at  Mr.  Wil-  Governors  Dudley,  Burnet,  Belcher,  and 
Hams'.  A  very  handsome  dinner.  In  Shirley.  The  altar-piece,  with  the  gilded 
the  afternoon  service  was  read,  and  an-  Gloria,  the  Commandments,  the  Creed, 
thems  sung,  but  no  sermon.  This  church  the  Lord's  prayer,  etc.,  the  organ,  the 
is  built  of  stone,  is  very  beautifully  surpliced  priest,  and  above  all  the  green 
adorned  with  carved  pillars,  several  im-  boughs  of  Christmas,  composed  alto- 
ages,  etc.  Here  is  a  very  good  set  of  gether  a  sight  which  many  Puritan  eyes 
organs,  but  no  bells,  as  the  steeple  is  not  equally  longed  and  were  shocked  to 
erected.  This  is  the  most  grand  church  see."  —  Address  by  Dr.  George  E.  Ellis. 
in  town,  where  His  Excellency  is  obliged 
to  attend.  —  Life  of  Manas seh  Cutler,  i.  9. 


THE   GATHERING   STORM. 


217 


period  —  was,  as  the  preceding  pages  have  shown,  connected  in 
the  friendliest  relations  with  the  parish  history  of  King's  Chapel. 
He  was  now  (1763)  at  the  age  of  fifty-two;  he  had  held  for 
more  than  twenty  years  conspicuous  offices  of  trust  in  the  pro- 
vincial government  —  ten  years  as  Representative,  three  as 
Speaker  of  the  House,  and  fourteen  as  member  of  the  Council ; 
in  1760,  he  had  been,  at  once,  "judge  of  probate,  councillor, 
chief-justice,  and  lieutenant-governor;"  he  was  both  a  direct 
descendant  and  a  diligent  student  of  the  early  colonial  life,  of 
which  he  composed  a  copious  and  standard  history.^     We  find 


1  The  following  points  are  taken  from 
the  "  Dictionary  of  National  Biography," 
vol.xxviii.  Thomas  Hutchinson  (1711- 
1780),  son  of  a  Boston  merchant,  and  a 
descendant  of  Mrs.  Ann  Hutchinson,  was 
a  graduate  of  Harvard,  1727 ;  married, 
in  1734,  to  Margaret  Sanford ;  1737, 
chosen  selectman,  and  afterwards  mem- 
ber of  the  legislature  ;  1740,  was  bearer 
of  a  petition  to  England  relative  to  the 
title  of  lands  in  New  Hampshire;  from 
1746  to  I748,speaker  of  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, but  later  lost  his  election  by 
his  zeal  in  promoting  a  return  to  specie 
payments,  which  later  earned  him  the 
public  gratitude  ;  1752,  appointed  judge 
of  probate  ;  1754,  made  commissioner  to 
the  Congress  at  Albany,  where  he  aided 
in  drafting  the  plan  of  a  union  of  the 
Colonies ;  1758,  appointed  lieutenant- 
governor,  and  1760,  chief-justice,  with 
the  low  salary  of  ;i^i6o,  which  justified 
the  holding  of  this  with  his  other  offices  ; 
1763,  opposed  the  Stamp  Act,  which  he 
however  strictly  enforced,  and  so  incurred 
the  unpopularity  which  vented  itself  in 
the  riot  of  Aug.  26,  1765 ;  failed  of  elec- 
tion to  the  Council,  but  was  recognized 
as  an  ex  officio  member  by  Governor 
Bernard;  1769,  wasleft  acting  governor  at 
Bernard's  departure,  receiving  the  royal 
appointment  in  177 1 ;  was  compelled  by 
the  outburst  of  resentment  following  the 
"  Boston  massacre  "  in  1770  to  v/ithdraw 
the  British  troops  to  Castle  William,  and 
had  continual  difficulties  with  the  legisla- 
ture from  removing  its  sessions  to  Cam- 
bridge ;  1773,  did  the  colony  good  service 
by  settling  a  dispute  of  boundary  between 
Massachusetts  and  New  York;  again  in- 
curred popular  odium  from  the  circulation 
of  his  private  correspondence,  in  which  he 
urged  the  strengthening  of  military  force 
(the  letters  had  been  secretly  obtained 


by  Franklin,  who  was  attacked  in  Par- 
liament by  Wedderburn  as  ho?no  trium 
literarum — i.e.  fur)  ;  1774,  a  petition 
having  been  sent  for  his  removal,  he 
prorogued  the  legislature  at  the  end  of 
March,  and  sailed  June  i  for  England; 
1775,  was  elected  to  Parliament,  where  he 
opposed  the  bill  closing  the  port  of  Bos- 
ton and  that  suspending  the  Massachu- 
setts constitution  :  meanwhile  his  house 
at  Milton  was  made  a  barrack,  and 
"  Washington,  it  was  said,"  he  reports, 
"  rode  in  my  coach  at  Cambridge  ;  "  in 
177S  he  was  proscribed,  and  his  Boston 
estate  was  advertised  for  sale.  The  first 
volume  of  his  "  History  "  was  published 
in  1764  ;  the  second  in  1767,  from  sheets 
damaged  and  partly  destroyed  in  the  riot 
of  1765  [having  been  scattered  in  the 
street  and  soaked  with  rain]  ;  the  third 
was  not  published  till  1828,  edited  by  his 
grandson.  Other  writings  are  a  "  Col- 
lection of  Original  Papers  "  (1769),  made 
an  appendix  to  the  "  History,"  and  pub- 
lished as  "Hutchinson  Papers"  by 
the  Prince  Society  in  1865  !  "  Diary  and 
Letters,"  edited  by  a  great-grandson 
in  1883.  A  bibliographical  essay,  by 
Charles  Deane,  was  privately  printed  in 
1857. —  He  "was  descended  from  John, 
Mayor  of  Lincoln  in  1556,  whose  grand- 
son was  William,  who,  with  his  wife 
Ann,  came  to  New  England  and  died 
about  1642.  His  son  Edward  left  one 
son,  Elisha,  b.  Nov.  16,  1641 ;  m.  first, 
Anna  Hawkins,  second,  Elizabeth  Clark. 
He  died  17 17.  His  elder  son,  Thomas, 
m.  1703,  Sarah  Foster.  His  son  Thomas, 
the  Governor,  b.  Sept.  9,  171 1 ;  d.  17S0 ; 
m.  Margaret  Sanford,  and  had  sons 
Thomas  and  Elisha.  He  has  many  de- 
scendants in  England."  —  Heraldic  Jour- 
nal, iii.  104. 


2l8  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

in  his  pages,  accordingly,  a  most  valuable  side  light  upon  the 
events  of  the  period,  as  they  appeared  from  the  more  conserva- 
tive point  of  view,  which  was  doubtless  represented  here. 

It  will  have  been  noticed  that  the  sermon  of  Dr.  Caner  just 
quoted  gives  expression  to  some  anxiety  as  to  the  "  turbulent 
and  unruly  temper"  which  already  seemed  to  threaten  the  pub- 
lic peace.  This  anxiety  must  have  been  of  very  recent  growth. 
The  general  mind  was  still  in  the  fresh  glow  of  gratitude  and 
pride  at  the  great  triumph  of  the  allied  British  and  colonial 
arms.  The  capture  of  Louisburg,  the  surrender  of  Quebec, 
the  pacification  of  the  western  frontier,  were  not  merely  histori- 
cal events  ;  they  were  a  relief  from  a  long-continued,  immediate, 
and  pressing  terror.  Further,  in  the  acquisition  of  Canada, 
Great  Britain,  it  was  said,  had  shown  a  singular  partiality  for 
these  colonies,  by  declining  to  take  as  her  prize  of  victory  the 
French  islands  of  the  West  Indies,  choosing  instead  that  bleak 
and  comparatively  valueless  region,  because  it  gave  security  to 
the  North  American  and  especially  to  the  New  England  settle- 
ments. This  security  was  welcomed  with  a  certain  effusion  of 
gratitude  as  well  as  triumph.  England  had  been  conspicuously 
the  protector  of  the  colonies  through  the  struggle,  at  a  cost  (it 
was  said)  which  would  have  swallowed  up  more  than  their  entire 
wealth.  It  is  very  clear,  not  only  from  the  semi-official  state- 
ments of  Hutchinson,  but  from  occasional  discourses  of  preach- 
ers like  Mayhew,  most  in  sympathy  with  the  revolutionary  spirit, 
that  the  general  temper,  almost  up  to  this  very  moment,  was 
ardently  loyal  to  the  mother  country.  The  most  restlessly 
ambitious  (if  there  were  any  such)  were  just  then  well-inclined 
to  ascribe  their  new  security  and  the  great  general  prosperity  to 
the  powerful  protection  of  British  arms,  and  in  particular  of  the 
British  navy.  The  treaty  that  assured  this  vast  acquisition  was 
signed  in  May,  1763;  and  Hutchinson,  in  recording  the  event, 
recites  the  terms  in  which  James  Otis,  addressing  the  citizens  of 
Boston  in  town  meeting,  hails  the  prospect  of  peace  with  honor 
now  open  before  the  colonies.  The  address  closes  with  these 
words :  — 

The  British  dominion  and  power  may  now  be  said,  literally,  to  extend 
from  sea  to  sea,  and  from  the  great  river  to  the  ends  of  the  earth.  And 
we  may  safely  conclude,  from  his  Majesty's  wise  administration  hitherto, 
that  liberty  and  knowledge,  civil  and  religious,  will  be  co-extended,  im- 
proved, and  preserved  to  the  latest  posterity.  No  other  constitution  of 
civil  government  has  yet  appeared  in  the  world,  so  admirably  adapted  to 
these  great  purposes  as  that  of  Great   Britain.     Every  British  subject  in 


THE   GATHERING   STORM.  219 

America  is  of  common  right,  by  acts  of  Parliament  and  by  the  laws  of 
God  and  nature,  entitled  to  all  the  privileges  of  Britons.  By  particular 
charters  there  are  peculiar  privileges  granted,  as  in  justice  they  might  and 
ought,  in  consideration  of  the  arduous  undertaking  to  begin  so  glorious 
an  empire  as  British  America  is  rising  to.  Those  jealousies  that  some 
weak  and  wicked  minds  have  endeavoured  to  infuse  with  regard  to  the 
colonies,  had  their  birth  in  the  blackness  of  darkness,  and  it  is  great 
pity  they  had  not  remained  there  for  ever.  The  true  interests  of  Great 
Britain  and  her  plantations  are  mutual ;  and  what  God  in  his  providence 
has  united,  let  no  man  dare  attempt  to  pull  asunder. •"■ 

This  remarkable  testimony  shows  how  very  sudden  was  the 
change  in  the  popular  temper  which,  within  twelve  years,  made 
the  thought  of  armed  revolution  familiar,  and  led  to  such  events 
as  those  of  Lexington  and  Concord.^  In  the  year  before,  we 
find  the  first  hint  of  a  growing  taste  for  military  life  fostered  by 
four  or  five  active  campaigns,  and  of  the  jealousy  (expressed  by 
Otis)  lest  the  colonists  should  lose  "  their  most  darling  privi- 
lege, the  right  of  originating  all  taxes,"  on  occasion  of  a  bounty 
to  seamen  offered  by  the  Governor  and  Council.  This  very 
year  (1763)  the  arrest  of  Wilkes  for  libel  on  the  king  called  out 
a  lively  response  of  party  feeling  in  New  England,  and  the  terms 
"whig"  and  "  tory"  began  to  be  bandied  as  nicknames  of  local 
faction.  In  1764  we  find  the  first  "separate  act"  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  in  a  protest  against  the  new  sugar  duties, 
drafted  by  Mr.  Otis,  closing  with  the  ominous  words,  "  If  we  are 
not  represented,  we  are  slaves."  In  1765,  a  series  of  riotous 
demonstrations  against  the  Stamp  Act  ends,  on  the  26th  of 
August,  in  the  assault  of  an  angry  mob  on  Hutchinson's  house, 
which  was  stripped  of  everything  of  value,  including  documents 
that  could  not  be  replaced;^  while  a  little  later  (Oct.  19),  the 
House  of  Representatives,  in  a  series  of  fourteen  resolutions, 
drafted  what  we  may  call  the  complete  code  of  political  rights 
which  formed  the  revolutionary  gospel  of  the  century  yet  to  come. 
Such  changes  made  it  impracticable  to  handle  the  machine  of 
government,  and  compelled  Governor  Bernard's  recall  in  1769. 

1  Hutchinson,  iii.  pp.  loi,  102.  which  trouble  you."     But  "the  preacher, 

2  As  late  as  March  5,  1775,  Joseph  in  a  letter  to  the  lieutenant-governor 
Warren,  in  his  "  Oration,"  said,  "  An  in-  [Hutchinson]  a  few  days  after, expressed 
dependence  of  Great  Britain  is  not  our  his  great  concern,  nothing  being  further 
aim;"  but  see  Dr.  Andrew  Eliot's  let-  from  his  thoughts  than  such  an  effect; 
ters,  post,  p.  294.  and  declared  that,  if  the  loss  of  his  whole 

8  This  assault  was  said  to  have  been  estate  could  recall  the  sermon,  he  would 

stimulated,  in  part,  by  a  sermon  of  Dr.  willingly   part   with    it."  —  Hutchinson, 

Mayhew,  preached  the  day  before,  on  the  iii.  123. 
text,  "  I  would  they  were  even  cut  off 


220  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Leaving  now  the  broader  field,  we  resume  the  task  of  exhibit- 
ing what  concerns  the  peculiar  service  of  this  Chapel.  The  part 
which  it  took  in  public  charities  appears  in  the  faithful  Records. 

Sunday,  March  30,  1760.  A  Brief  was  read  in  the  Church  for  a  col- 
lection to  be  made  the  3d  of  April  towards  the  relief  of  the  sufferers  in 
the  great  Fire  which  happened  in  this  Town  on  the  20th  March,  1760. 

Agreeable  thereto  there  was  collected  on  said  3d  of  April,  being 
the  annual  Fast  day  appointed  by  the  Government  Nine  hundred  and 
twenty  five  pounds  six  shillings  old  Tenor  towards  the  relief  of  said  suf- 
ferers ;  which  sum  was  paid  into  the  hands  of  John  Phillips  Esq.  Treas- 
urer to  the  Committee  appointed  by  the  Government  to  distribute  the 
same.  (A  collection  had  been  made  Nov.  25,  1759,  for  the  sufferers  by 
another  fire,  at  which  were  collected  ^529  12J.  Old  Tenor.) 

The  Rev?   Doc'.  Caner  Laid  before  the  Vestry  the  follow^  Letter  and 
Vote  of  the  Town. 
Rev?  Sirs. 

The  town  in  whose  Service  we  are,  being  inform'd  that  the  Relief 
which  a  Number  of  our  fellow  Towns-Men  Sufferers  in  the  Late  Fire,  had 
been  some  time  Looking  for,  was  no  Longer  to  be  Expected,  &  being 
moved  by  a  representation  of  the  poverty,  want  &  distress  to  w":''  they 
are  reduced,  Came  into  a  Vote  at  their  Late  Meeting  directing  us  to  de- 
sire y^  Ministers  of  the  Religious  Societies  in  y*^  Town,  that  they  would 
propose  to  their  several  Congregations  a  Charitable  Contribution  for 
them. 

We  therefore,  in  Compliance  therewith,  address  you  Sirs  ;  and  the 
Society  under  your  pastoral  Care,  requesting  a  Contribution  may  be 
appointed  for  that  purpose  in  Your  Congregation  which  will  give  an  Op- 
portunity to  all  whom  God  of  his  bounty  has  enabled  and  of  his  grace 
may  incline  to  contribute  to  this  truly  Necessary  Charity. 

May  an  infinitely  good  God  in  the  midst  of  Judgment  remember  mercy 
&  by  his  divine  influences  render  so  effectual  those  Motives  to  Charity 
w'^''  humanity  dictates,  &  with  w'^.^  our  holy  religion  abounds,  that  their 
Christian  brethen  &  Neighbours  being  excited  to  afford  the  Sufferers  that 
relief  their  unhappy  case  calls  for,  many  thanksgivings  may  be  going  up 
to  the  God  of  all  grace  from  whom  comes  down  all  the  good  any  do  or 
Can  enjoy. 

We  are  with  great  respect  &  Esteem 

Your  humble  Servants 
Joseph  Jackson 
Samuel  Sewall 
John  Ruddock 
John  Hancock     \       of 
Wf  Phillips 
TiM^  Newhall 
John  Rowe. 


Selectmen 


Boston. 


THE    GATHERING   STORM.  221 

N.  B.    The  Selectmen  are  desired  to  receive  the  sum  that  may  be  Col- 
lected, &  distribute  the  Same,  as  by  a  Vote  of  the  town  inclosed. 
Boston,  Apr:  2"'^  1767. 
To  the  Rev^  Doc^  Caner  &  W,  Troutbeck. 

The  following  letter  of  Dr.  Caner  is  an  interesting  evidence 
that  political  differences,  appearing  later,  did  not  exclude  the 
neighborly  good-will  and  help  due  from  a  Christian  congrega- 
tion to  the  community  whose  life  it  shares.  It  is  addressed  to  a 
committee  of  the  Town  of  Boston  in  answer  to  an  appeal  for  aid 
to  "  the  sufferers  in  the  late  fire  "  (1767)  :  — 

Gentlemen 

I  had  the  honor  of  your  Letter  of  the  2".'^  of  April  &  Communicated 
the  Contents  to  the  Warden  &  Vestry  of  Kings  Chapel,  who  appeared 
well  disposed  to  forward  a  Charitable  collection  for  the  distressed  Suf- 
ferers by  the  late  Fire,  Yet  were  of  opinion  that  a  List  of  the  Sufferers 
should  have  been  published  with  a  Computation  of  each  Mans  lofs  op- 
posite to  his  Name ;  &  afterwards,  an  Ace'  of  the  Total  Sum  Collected, 
&  how  much  was  distributed  to  each  Sufferer.  Something  of  this  kind, 
it  is  imagined,  would  be  Satisfactory  to  the  publick,  &  remove  y'-'  Chief  ob- 
jections which  have  been  usually  made  to  Collections  of  this  Sort  —  For 
the  present,  however,  a  Collection  hath  been  Voted  &  Complyed  with, 
amounting  to  ;^40„6„  —  which  I  have  the  pleasure  to  send  you  with 
this  ;  but  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Vestry  have  come  to  a  Resolution  to 
appoint  a  Committee  among  themselves  for  the  future,  to  distribute  y^  own 
Charities,  unless  Something  of  the  Nature  of  What  is  mention'd  above 
should  be  Adopted. 

I  am  Gentlemen 

Very  respectfully 

Your  Obed'.  Serv' 

H.  Caner. 

P.  S.    be  pleased  to  send  a  receipt  for  the  money  by  the  Bearer. 

To  Joseph  Jackson  Esq  :  &  the  Rest  of  the  Gentlemen  Selectmen  of 
the  Town  of  Boston. 

To  which  the  following  may  be  added :  — 

July  31st  1768. 

D-  Caner  Communicated  to  the  Vestry  a  Breif  ifsued  by  his  Excell?' 
the  Governor  with  the  advice  of  the  Late  General  Court  for  Collecting 
the  Charity  of  the  several  Congregations  of  this  province  towards  releiv- 
ing  the  late  unhappy  Sufferers  by  fire  at  Montreal ;  and  the  Vestry  came 
to  the  following  resolution,  nem  ;  Contradicente,  Viz  : 

That  the  Said  Brief  be  read  to  the  Congregation  of  King's  Chapel  on 
Sunday  Aug'.'  f^  After  Morning  Prayers,  and  that  the  s""  Congregation  be 
desired  to  prepare  themselves  for  a  Collection  to  be  made  for  the  pur- 


222  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

pose   above-mention'd   on   Sunday   the    14'.''  Day  of  Aug'5  176S  After 
Ev'ning  Prayers  &  Sermon. 

The  contdbution  amounted  to  ;^33  iSs.  lod. 

The  accompanying  documents  appear  to  show  financial  and 
other  difficulties  of  King's  Chapel  which  may  have  been  due, 
wholly  or  in  part,  to  the  disordered  condition  of  public  affairs  :  — 

April  ^^^  1768. 

Whereas  the  Expence  of  rebuilding  Kings  Chapel  has  so  far  exceeded 
all  the  Generous  subscriptions  that  has  been  made  towards  it,  &  that  there 
still  Remains  a  heavy  Debt  unpaid  of  7  or  8oo;i^  which  is  on  Interest  & 
that  the  same  may  be  gradually  Lessen'd  &  paid  of,  — 

Voted  —  that  each  pew  for  the  future  pay  1 6d.  on  the  Ground  floor  '^ 
week  either  weekly  Monthly  or  Quarterly  except  the  pews  N°-  26,  58,  71, 
and  72,  which  shall  pay  for  the  future  only  12^.  and  it  is  Likewise  Voted 
that  all  the  pews  in  the  Gallery  pay  for  the  future  1 2d.  '^  week. 

The  following  votes  were  printed  on  a  broadside  at  this  time, 
for  distribution  in  the  pews:  — 

At  the  Anniversary  Meeting  of  the  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel,  on 
Easter  Monday  April  4.  1 768.  at  XI  o'Clock  in  the  Forenoon. 

Whereas  there  are  sundry  Persons  who  have  left  the  Church  and  in 
their  Pews  have  placed  others,  contrary  to  the  Tenor  of  their  Deeds,  to 
the  great  Detriment  of  the  Church  :     Therefore, 

VOTED,  That  whatever  Proprietor  that  hath  or  shall  so  leave  the 
Church,  and  shall  not  pay  his  or  her  Contribution  according  to  the  true 
Intent  of  his  or  her  Deed,  over  and  above  what  such  Occupier  shall  pay ; 
which  is  further  Voted  to  be  16^.  a  Week,  to  be  paid  Weekly,  Monthly 
or  Quarterly  by  such  Occupier,  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  default 
of  Payment  as  aforesaid,  either  in  the  Proprietor  of  such  Pew  or  Occu- 
pier thereof,  for  the  Church  Wardens  for  the  time  being  to  sell  or  dis- 
pose of  such  delinquent  Proprietor's  Pew,  after  giving  him  or  her  due 
Notice  thereof,  and  deduct  out  of  the  Money  arising  from  such  Sale 
whatever  Arrearages  shall  be  due  to  said  Church  for  the  Taxes  aforesaid, 
and  pay  the  Remainder  to  such  Proprietor,  if  any  there  be. 

At  a  Meeting  of  the  Vestry  of  King's  Chapel,  at  the  House  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Caner,  March  22.  1768. 

Whereas  it  appears  on  an  Inspection  of  the  Affairs  of  King's  Chapel, 
that  there  are  sundry  Gentlemen  deficient  in  paying  their  respective 
Taxes  duly  laid  on  their  Pews,  for  the  want  of  which  said  Church  is  much 
distressed,  and  rendered  entirely  incapable  of  paying  off  the  Rector  and 
Officers  of  said  Church,  and  other  necessary  Charges. 

VOTED, 

By  the  Vestry  of  said  Church  duly  chosen  and  assembled.  That  the 
Church  Wardens  for  the  time  being  be  requested  to  give  all  such  delin- 
quent Proprietors  Notice,  that  unless  they  pay  what  they  are  indebted 


THE    GATHERING   STORM.  223 

for  their  respective  Taxes  on  their  Pews,  within  three  Months  after 
Easter  Sunday  next,  that  their  respective  Pews  will  be  sold  according  to 
the  Tenor  of  their  Deeds  without  further  Notice  ;  and  said  Wardens  are 
hereby  desired  to  demand  all  Arrears  due  for  Taxes  of  Pews  as  directed 
by  the  Deeds  given  the  several  Proprietors,  and  in  case  of  any  Person  or 
Persons  neglecting  for  the  Space  of  three  Months  after  said  Demand  to 
pay  the  same,  then  to  proceed  to  the  Sale  of  such  Delinquent  or  Delin- 
quents Pews. 

The  Church  had  not  a  few  difificulties  in  these  years.  It  had, 
as  appears  above,  adopted  the  bad  fashion  of  startinc^  in  life 
with  a  heavy  burden  of  debt,  a  new  fashion  which  is  therefore 
more  than  a  hundred  years  old.  This  it  might  have  carried  if 
the  times  had  been  prosperous ;  but  Boston  was  poor  in  those 
unquiet  times.  The  records  show  that  the  burden  was  hard  to 
stagger  under.  In  1767,  the  old  committee  was  increased,  to 
raise  means  to  pay  the  debts,  of  ^700  or  ^800,  and  finish  the 
Church. 

The  seventeen  letters  written  by  the  wardens  to  the  delin- 
quent pew  owners  have  an  interesting  variety  of  style,  probably 
according  to  the  station  of  the  person  addressed. 

"We  inclose  you  the  Vote  respecting  the  .  .  .  Pews,  the  sale  of 
wh.  we  hope  you  will  speedily  prevent  by  discharging  the  Arrears  due  on 
Pew  No. "  — 

"  We  here  inclose  you  the  Vote  .  .  .  respecting  the  pew  you  set  in, 
wh.  they  expect  you  to  comply  with." 

"  We  here  inclose,  etc.,  etc  — 

"  We  hope  you  will  pay  the  arrears  due  on  your  pew  &  thereby  pre- 
vent us  the  disagreeable  Task  of  puting  s*^  Vote  in  execution." 

"  Sir,  The  circumstances  of  the  Church  Obliges  us  to  call  on  you  for 
the  Ballance  of  y'  Note  wh.  we  beg  you  will  discharge  as  soon  as  may 
be  to  Enable  us  to  discharge  the  Debts  of  the  Church." 

Boston,  24  Oc'  1770. 
Sir 

The  pew  N^  28.  which  you  sit  in  is  now  become  the  property  of  the 
Church,  both  from  the  Tenor  of  y'  Deed  &  the  Laws  of  the  province  And 
as  you  have  not  taken  Notice  of  the  several  Notifications  we  have  sent 
you  to  pay  up  the  Arrears  due  on  s'!  pew  ~  We  now  tell  you  tho'  it  is  with 
reluctance  that  if  you  do  not  pay  up  the  Arrears  due  thereon  within  one 
Mo.  from  the  date  hereof  We  must  and  shall  obey  the  Votes  of  the 
Church  by  selling  s""  Pew  to  the  first  purchaser  that  presents  without 
giving  you  Any  further  Notice. 

To  We  are  respectfully 

M'  Your  very  Hum^  Serv'.' 

Shrimpton  Hutchinson.  Silvester  Gardiner  \  Church 

Did.  Volax  19.  Nov'  1770.  Gilbert  Deblois       )  Wdns. 


224  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

The  accompanying  items  show,  in  details  which  may  prove 
interesting  even  at  this  late  day,  how  the  difficulties  above  indi- 
cated were  met :  — 

Boyle's  Ep.  Char.  Soc. 

p.  lo.  "At  a  monthly  meeting,  July  4,  1770,  it  was  voted  that  the 
money  in  the  treasurer's  hands  be  let  to  Dr.  Gardiner  for  the  use  of  the 
King's  Chapel,  provided  they  will  give  lawful  interest  for  the  same,  other- 
wise, that  Mr.  Gregory  Tounsend  may  have  it." 

p.  II.     April  II,  1784.     Incorporated  by  the  Legislature.  ; 

King's  Chapel  Bonds  paid. 

Isaac  Winslow  Esq.  of  Roxbury  ;^400.  Lawfull  money  of  the  Prov^ 
October  20.     1768. 

;^200.  and  Interest  paid  in  full  Aug.  2.     1771. 

Thomas  Hase  of  Boston  Cordwainer  £6G.  13.  4.  Oct.  11.  1753.  Last 
payment  noted  Oct  15.  1762. 

Thomas  Greene  merchant  of  Boston  ^600  lawfull  money  April  18. 
1754.     Last  payment  of  interest  noted  March  28.  1769. 

Stephen  Deblois  Gentleman  of  Boston  ;^200.  lawfull  money  July  26. 
1758.     paid  July  26.  1 77 1. 

Rev.  H.  Caner;^io6.  13.  4.  Jan.  3.  1755.     paid  in  full  July  6.  1765. 

Rev.  Henry  Caner  ;^i33.  6.  8.  Aug.   15.  1753.     paid  in  full,  Jan.  7. 

1765- 
4th  April  1763.     Voted  That  the  N°.  of  Vestry  men  for  the  ensumg 

Year  be  Nineteen,  Seven  of  whom  to  be  a  Quorum. 

Voted.  That  Geo.  Harland  Hartley  be  Organist  of  this  Church  for  y^. 
Year  ensuing  with  a  Salary  of  Sixty  Six  pounds  1*3,  i  p.  Annum. 

Whereas  there  was  but  so  few  Pro[)rietors  at  Easter  Meeting  this  year, 
y^  Six  of  them  made  a  majority  ;  which  Six  persons  Voted  to  give  me  the 
Subscriber  as  Organist  fifty  pounds  sterling  p.  Annum,  &  as  I  understand 
afterwards  yf  Church  is  unable  to  pay  y*  Sum,  have  agreed  with  the  Pres- 
ent Wardens  to  Accept  of  Thirty  pounds  p  Annum  as  Organist  instead 
of  the  Fifty  pounds  Voted  me  by  the  Six  persons  Aforenam'd.  April 
8th.  1765.  Voted.  That  the  Number  of  the  Vestry  Men  for  the  Ensuing 
Year  be  fifteen,  five  of  whom  to  be  a  Quorum. 

July  II*!'  1766.  Whereas  Florentius  VassalP  Esq',  of  London  has  sent 
over  a  Marble  Monument  of  his  Family  to  Silvf  Gardiner  Esqf  desiring 

that  it  may  be    Erected   in 

Kings   Chapel,  &  the    Said 

Silv :    Gardiner    having    ap- 

ply'd  to  this  Vestry  Agreable 

^^  to  M:  Vassall's  desire.  Voted. 

y^  That   Liberty   be   given    to 

^^  Erect   the   said    Monument 

on  the  North  Side  of  the  West  Door  in  said  Chapel,  provided  the  said 

1  On  Florentius  Vassall,  see  note  on  page  47  of  this  volume. 


THE   GATHERING   STORM.  225 

Silvester  Gardiner  pay  what  the  pew  shall  be  Valued  at,  which  Must  be 
taken  away  to  make  Room  for  it. 

Knowing  as  we  do  the  passions  that  were  seething  under  the 
surface  of  society  in  old  Boston,  and  ever  and  anon  boiling  up 
in  volcanic  fury,  it  is  strangely  fascinating  to  peruse  the  time- 
stained  pages  of  our  old  records,  that  take  little  note  of  these 
tremendous  events,  recording,  all  through  those  eventful  years, 
the  parish  matters  which  still  went  on  their  quiet  course.  The 
old  ledger  notes :  — 

1 760.     Mar.  6.     By  Moses  Tyler  for  rent  of  the  Church's  house,  &c.,  at 

Nf  End.     ^27.  12. 
[1762.     Tower  shingled  &  work  done  on  Chancel.] 

Decf  20.     To  ditto  paid  G.  Flagg's  Account  of  Glazing.     7.  6.  - 
1763.     To  Cash  p']  Gershom  Flagg  in  full  of  his  acco'\     i.  2.  6. 

1765.  Jan^  16.     By  Doct  Tho^  Bulfinch  in  ful  for  Pew  N'.'  77.     16.  -  - 

1766.  March.     To   Cash   paid   John    Cutler    for  Stove   for  y"  Organ 
loft.     I.  8.  - 

1766.  Aug!  30.     To  Cash  p'!  Rob'  Volax  for  diging  the  foundation  for 
the  Vestry.     -.  12.  - 

Novf  10.     By  Flo.  Vassal  Esq'  in  full  for  pew  N".  43,  taken  to  erect  the 
Monument.     33.  6.  8. 
Dec'  16.     To  Cash  p''  Rob'  Volax  for  4  Bush''  Sea  Coal.     .  4.  9. 

1767.  Ap'  7.     To  3000  Shingles  for  Vestry,     i.  16.  - 

1770.  June  16.     To  Cash  p'  Henry  Alline  for  draw*^  a  Bond  given  to 
Mr  Price  by  the  Cliurch  Wardens  for;^6oo.     3. 

Aug.    27.     To    Cash  p'^  Tho.  Brewer   for  Glass,    New   puttying   & 
Clean^  Windows  p.  Ace'.     16.  14.  5. 

1 77 1.  Mar.  To  Cash  p"!  D'.  Caner  for  himself  &  Curate  in  full  to  Easter, 
^77^-    ^^75-     [.^^  ^^'^^^  of  the  three  succeeding  years,  ;,^2oo.] 

June  21.     To  Cash  paid  James  Flagg  being  the  Amt  of  Gershom  Flagg's 
Dec'!  Account  for  Slate.     17.  13.  9. 

1773.  Mar.  17.     To  Cash  p''  Tho  &  Jn?  Fleet  for  printing  Christmas 
Hymns  &  Vestry  Notifis"'     -  ^7-  - 

1774.  July  12.     By  Admiral  Montague's  Bill  Value  Sterling.  ;,^30.  40.  -  - 

1775.  Feb^  7""  To  Cash  p''  Henry  Knox  for  a  New  Ledger.     -  16.  -. 

The  lapse  of  eight  angry  years  had  put  further  in  the  back- 
ground the  achievements  u'hich  were  the  foundations  of  Amer- 
ican independence,  when  the  Records  show  that  the  Church 
honored  itself  by  honoring  the  memory  of  an  eminent  public 
servant : — 

Apr.  I,  1 7 71.     Whereas  the  Hon^'°  Lieutenant  General  Shirley,  for- 
merly Governor  of  this  Province,  lately  deceased,  did  for  several  Years 
VOL.  II. — 15 


226  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

attend  the  public  worship  at  King's  Chapel,  to  which  he  was  a  warm 
friend  &  a  very  generous  benefactor  —  For  his  more  Honorable  Inter- 
ment &  to  testify  their  gratitude  for  his  many  useful  &  excellent 
Services,  the  Proprietors  of  said  Chapel  have  this  day  Voted,  that  John 
Erving  Junf  Esq.  have  hberty  to  deposit  the  Corps  of  the  s'^  Lieu'  Gen'. 
Shirley,  and  any  other  of  his  Family,  or  descendants,  in  the  tomb  N°.  i8 
under  s'^  Chapel. 

A  memento  of  the  condition  of  the  public  mind  just  referred 
to  may  be  found  in  this  scoffing  account  from  the  newspaper 
press  of  Gov.  Bernard's  departure :  — 

Boston,  August  7,  [1769.]  Tuesday  last  embarked  on  board  his  Majes- 
ty's Ship  the  Rippon^  sir  Francis  Bernard  of  Nettleham,  Bart.,  who  for  nine 
Years  past  has  been  a  Scourge  to  this  Province,  a  Curse  to  North  Amer- 
ica, and  a  Plague  to  the  whole  Empire,  He  having  sagely  fixed  on  the 
First  of  August,  the  Day  of  the  Elevation  of  the  House  of  Hanover 
to  the  British  Throne,  for  the  Time  of  his  Departure,  there  were  four 
Causes  of  public  Rejoicing :  i.  The  Accession  of  the  present  Ro3'al 
Family.  2.  That  the  King  had  been  graciously  pleased  to  recall  a  very 
bad  Governor.  3.  The  sure  and  certain  Hopes  that  a  very. good  one 
will  be  sent  out,  and  placed  in  his  Stead.     4.  That  a  worse  cannot  be 

found  on  this  Side ,  if  there. On  Monday  Evening  the  Baronet, 

being  unwilling  to  give  himself  and  Friends,  if  he  has  any,  the  Trouble 
of  a  formal  Leave,  or  the  People  an  opportunity  to  hiss  him  off  the  stage, 
sneaked  down  to  CasUe  William,  where  he  lay  that  Night.  The  next 
Morning  he  was  toated  on  board  the  Rippon,  in  a  Canoe,  a  Tom-Cod 
Catcher  or  some  other  small  Boat.  The  ship  was  soon  under  sail,  but 
had  not  proceeded  a  League,  before  the  Wind  shifting,  she  came  to 
Anchor,  and  lay  Wind-bound  till  Friday  Noon,  when  she  sailed  again 
with  a  fair  Wind  after  her ;  The  Captain,  Thomson,  and  the  ship,  both 
worthy  a  better  Cargo.  Should  the  Johns,  on  the  rising  of  the  first 
Storm,  sign  a  round  Robbin  to  the  Captain  to  throw  the  Baronet  over- 
board for  fair  Weather,  and  he  find  his  way  into  a  Whale's  Belly,  it  is 

hoped  he  will  not  be  called  out,  dead  or  alive,  within  Soundings. 

So  soon  as  the  Rippon  was  under  Sail  on  Tuesday,  the  Cannon  at  the 
Castle  were  fired  with  Joy — The  Union  Flagg  was  displayed  from  Liberty 
Tree,  where  it  was  kept  flying  'till  Friday.  —  Colours  were  also  flung  from 
most  of  the  Vessels  in  the  Harbour  And  from  the  Tops  of  the  Houses 
in  Town. The  Bells  were  rang,  and  Cannon  fired  incessantly  'till  Sun- 
sett. In  the  Evening  there  was  a  Bonfire  on  Fort-Hill,  and  another  on 

the  Heights  of  Charlestown.  The  general  Joy  of  this  City  was  soon 
diffused  through  the  neighbouring  Towns,  who  gave  Similar  Demonstra- 
tions of  it.  There  was  not  the  least  Disorder  committed,  and  the  Night 
was  the  most  quiet  the  Town  has  enjoyed  since  August,  1760,  the  Time  of 

the  Baronet's  arrival  here. The  authorative  Mr.  Richard  Draper,  the 

licensed  Publisher  of  many  of  the  Baronefs  abusive  Scribbles  against  this 


THE    GATHERING    STORM.  22/ 

People,  is  hereby  informed,  that  this  Account  is  drawn  up  by  one  who  was 
concerned,  in  promoting  to  his  utmost,  the  Rejoicings  on  that  Day ;  And 
had  he  been,  twenty-four  Hours  sooner,  aware  of  the  Endeavours  of  the 
Cabal,  or  the  more  dangerous  Machinations  of  a  few  timid  or  trimming 
Whigs,  to  suppress  every  outward  Token  of  Joy,  he  would  have  taken 
effectual  Care  that  there  should  have  been  Bonfires  on  every  Hill  round 
Massachusetts  Bay.'"  ^ 

Governor  Hutchinson's  administration,  of  rather  less  than  five 
years  (i 769-1 774),  exhibits  little  else  than  a  series  of  ineffect- 
ual and  half-hearted  efforts  to  stay  the  rising  tide  of  revolution. 
To  quote  his  own  words :  "  All  legislative  as  well  as  executive 
power  was  gone,  and  the  danger  of  revolt  was  daily  increas- 
ing. The  governor  retained  the  title  of  governor-general,  but 
he  had  the  title  only.  The  inhabitants,  in  many  parts  of  the 
province,  were  learning  the  use  of  fire-arms,  but  not  under  the 
officers  of  the  regiment  to  which  they  belonged.  They  were 
forming  themselves  into  companies  for  military  exercise,  under 
officers  of  their  own  choosing;  hinting  the  occasion  there  might 
soon  be  for  employing  their  arms  in  defence  of  their  liberties. 
The  people  had  been  persuaded  that  their  religion,  as  well  as 
their  liberties,  was  in  danger.  It  was  immaterial  whether  they 
had  been  deceived  or  not,  —  the  persuasion  was  the  same,  —  and 
this  was  what  would  cause  them  to  go  all  lengths,  and  to  sur- 
mount the  greatest  difficulties."^  The  "massacre"  of  March, 
1770,  might  seem  to  many  (as  no  doubt  it  did)  a  paltry  riot, 
beginning  with  an  assault  on  a  squad  of  eight  armed  soldiers 
on  guard,  and  resulting  in  the  death  of  five  mob-leaders;  but 
the  passion  it  roused  gave  it  the  dignity  of  a  first  act  of  civil 
war :  of  which  no  stronger  proof  could  be  given  than  the  appeal 
of  Dr.  Chauncy,  "  senior  minister  "  of  the  town,  in  a  sermon 
preached  some  months  after,  when  it  seemed  possible  that  a 
sentence  for  murder,  passed  on  the  officer  charged  with  giving  the 
command  to  fire,  might  be  stayed  to  wait  the  King's  confir- 
mation :  — 

Some  have  whispered  a  suspicion,  that  a  reprieve  from  death  would  be 
granted,  should  the  guilt  of  blood  be  fastened  upon  some  who  are  sup- 
posed to  have  been  actors  in  this  horrid  wickedness.  But  it  is  a  high 
indignity  offered  to  him  who  had  the  power  of  giving  a  reprieve,  so  much 
as  to  suspect  that  he  would  do  it,  in  the  case  of  blood-guiltiness  clearly 
proved  upon  any  in  consequence  of  a  fair  &  impartial  trial.     Surely  he 

^  Boston  Gazette,  Aug.  7,  1769.  to  the  year   1774,  when  it  was  believed 

2  Hutchinson,  Hist.  iii.  455.  These  that  a  resort  to  arms  was  unavoidable  to 
words,  it  may  be  well  to  remember,  refer     resist  unconstitutioiiat  acts  of  tyranny. 


228  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

would  not  counteract  the  operation  of  the  law,  both  of  God  &  of  man  ! 
Surely  he  would  not  suffer  the  town  &  land  to  lie  under  the  defilement  of 
blood  !  Surely  he  would  not  make  himself  a  partaker  in  the  guilt  of 
murder,  by  putting  a  stop  to  the  shedding  of  their  blood,  who  have  mur- 
derously spilt  the  blood  of  others  !  All  such  suspicions  should  be  sup- 
pressed. They  are  virtually  a  scandalous  reproach  upon  him,  of  whose 
integrity  and  regard  to  publick  justice  we  should  entertain  a  more  honour- 
able opinion.-^ 

Happily  for  the  event,  and  greatly  to  the  credit  of  the  popu- 
lar sense  of  justice,  the  officer  was  acquitted.  The  struggle  was 
still  kept  within  the  field  of  politics,  until  that  daring  act  of 
defiance,  the  destruction  of  three  cargoes  of  tea,  in  December, 
1773,  led  to  the  closing  of  the  port  of  Boston,  the  retirement  of 
Hutchinson,  and  the  occupation  of  the  town  by  troops  under  a 
military  governor.  General  Gage;  soon  to  be  followed  by  the 
events  of  Concord,  Lexington,  and  Bunker  Hill. 

Of  the  retirement  of  Governor  Hutchinson,  Col.  Henry  Lee 
writes  as  follows  :  — 

"This  courtly  representative  of  an  ancient  and  honorable  family,  this 
sincere  lover  of  his  country,  this  patriotic  student  of  her  history,  this  skil- 
ful man  of  affairs,  this  persuasive  speaker,  tliis  upright  and  merciful  judge, 
once  so  beloved,  —  unable  to  discern  or  unwilhng  to  adopt  the  course  of 
a  wise  patriotism,  hindered  perhaps  by  his  great  possessions,  fled  from  his 
native  land,  and  died  a  broken-hearted  exile,  moralizing  possibly,  hke 
Wolsey,  upon  the  consequences  of  ambition,  and  looking  back  fondly  to 
his  birthplace  in  sunny  Garden  Court  Square."  ^ 

These  events,  however,  do  not  make  our  present  topic,  which  is 
to  trace  the  course  of  ecclesiastical  proceedings  down  to  the  pe- 
riod we  have  now  reached,  in  view  of  the  influence  they  may  have 
had  upon  the  condition  of  mind  here  described.  "  The  people," 
says  Hutchinson  in  the  passage  just  quoted,  "  had  been  per- 
suaded that  their  religion  as  well  as  their  liberties  was  in  dan- 
ger; "  and  this  persuasion,  he  adds,  was  what  gave  its  peculiar 
obstinacy  to  the  struggle.  It  belongs  to  the  next  chapter  to 
recount  the  details  of  the  controversy  brought  on  by  the  alleged 
design  of  episcopacy  to  supplant  or  overthrow  the  religious  in- 
stitutions coeval  with  the  birth  of  the  colonies.  In  order  to 
make  clear  the  motives  and  incidents  of  that  controversy,  it  is 
necessary  here  to  go  back,  and  see  what  were  the  actual  steps 
taken  by  those  interested  in  maintaining  the  English  Church  on 
this  continent,  which  made  such  a  persuasion  possible. 

1  Hutchinson,  History,  iii.  329,  330. 

2  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings  for  February,  iSSi,  xviii.  367. 


THE   GATHERING    STORM.  229 

The  earliest  notice  we  find  of  *a  step  calculated  to  give  epis- 
copacy the  dignity  of  an  establishment  in  America  is  the  fol- 
lowing, given  in  the  words  of  a  memorandum  by  Dr.  Hawks: 

The  first  proposal  of  an  American  Episcopate,  of  which  we  have  any 
authentic  record,  was  in  1672  or  the  year  following.  [He  thinks  the 
statement  in  Hutchinson's  Hist.  i.  225,  ^t*/^,  a  misprint,  1662  for  1672.] 
In  one  of  these  years  a  resolution  was  taken  by  Charles  2,  in  council,  to 
send  a  bishop  to  Virginia ;  &  Dr.  Alexander  Afurray,  who  had  been  the 
companion  of  the  king  in  his  travels,  was  the  person  nominated  to  be  the 
first  bishop  in  America ;  &  a  draught  of  letters  patent  was  prepared. -"^ 

The  draft  of  a  charter  for  the  creation  of  a  "  bishopric  of 
Virginia  "  shows  both  the  main  design  and  the  conditions  by 
which  it  is  carefully  guarded.  For  convenience  it  is  here  given 
(slightly  abridged)  in  English :  the  original  draft  will  be  found 
in  the  note  below  :  ^  — 

Further,  desiring  to  establish  and  confirm  under  one  and  the  same 
order  and  rule,  and  under  one  doctrine,  discipline,  authority,  &  jurisdic- 
tion all  our  remaining  regions  and  plantations  in  America,  we  ordain  that 
they  all,  with  their  churches  now  and  hereafter,  be  joined  and  united  with 
the  aforesaid  church  and  diocese  of  Virginia  :  to  wit,  our  several  districts 
or  plantations  [extending]  from  Virginia  towards  the  north,  whether  New 
England  or  New  York,  or  any  other  regions  intervening,  both  on  the 
mainland  and  on  the  adjacent  islands,  etc.  ...  It  is  our  pleasure,  how- 
ever, and  by  these  presents  we  declare,  that  the  said and  his  suc- 
cessors, bishops  of  Virginia,  shall  in  no  manner  enforce  their  episcopal 
jurisdiction  and  authority  [over]   New  England  ;  but  we  desire  that  our 

1  Prot.  Episcopal  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.  i.  Singulas  Ditiones  seu  plantationes  nos- 
136-157  ("efforts  "&c.),  New  York,  1851.  tras,   versus    Borean    a   Virginia:    sive 

2  Found  among  papers  of  Sir  Leo-  Nova  Anglia  sive  Novum  Eboracum, 
line  Jenkins,  LL.D.  [Eor  notices  of  his  aut  aliqua  Alia  intermedia  loca,  sive 
life,  see  Anderson's  Hist,  of  the  Colonial  super  terra  firma  et  Continenti  sive  super 
Church,  i.  281,282,  359-363.  His  letters  Insulis  adjacentibus,  etc.  etc.  .  .  .  Vol. 
and  papers,  with  sketch  of  life,  are  printed  umus  tamen  et  per  pra;sentes  Declara- 

in  2  vols,  folio,  1724,  by  Wm.  Wynne,  and  ramus   quod  dictus et   successores 

fully  attest  his  zeal  and  piety.]     The  char-  sui      Episcopi     Virginije     Episcopalem 

ter  was  probably  drawn  by  Sir  Orlando  Jurisdictionem    et    Authoritatem    suam 

Bridgman.     It    reads    (p.    541):    "  Prae-  Novam  Angliam  nullo  modo  exerceant, 

terea    Volentes    Reliquas    omnes    alias  sed  subditos  nostros   infra  Novam   An- 

nostras  Regiones  et  plantationes  Ameri-  gliam  inhabitantes  ab   omni    Episcopali 

canas,  sub  uno  eademq.  ordine  ac  Regi-  Regimine  et  Authoritate  Immunes  libe- 

mine,  et  sub  eadem  doctrina   et   disci-  ros  et  totaliter  exemptos  esse  Volumus, 

plina  Authoritate  et  Jurisdictione  Con-  donee  aliter  a  nobis  ordinalum  fuerit." 

stituere   et   stabilire  :    Decrevimus,   eas  This  draft  was  found  in  a  manuscript  of 

omnes  cum  ipsarum  Ecclesiis  praesenti-  All    Souls'    Coll.    Oxford,    and    a   copy 

bus  et  futuris,  adjungere  et  Unire  pras-  brought   home  by  a  Bishop  of  Tennes- 

dictae   Ecdesia:  et  Dixcesi  Virg :  Sicuti  see  in  1S67.  —  Perry's   Virginia  Church 

per  praesentes,  eas  omnes  et  singulas  Viz.  Papers,  p.  536,  et  seq. 


230  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

subjects  dwelling  below  in  New  England  shall  be  void,  free,  and  wholly 
exempt  from  all  episcopal  rule  and  authority,  until  by  us  it  shall  be  other- 
wise ordained. 

A  passage  from  Governor  Hutchinson's  journal/  reporting 
a  conversation  with  his  Majesty  George  III.,  serves  to  make 
clear  the  situation,  as  it  then  existed  in  the  Province  of  the 
Massachusetts  Bay :  — 

Hutchhison.  The  body  of  the  people  are  dissenters  from  the 
Church  of  England  —  what  are  called  Congregationalists.  If  the 
Council  shall  have  been  generally  selected  from  the  Episcopalians,  it 
will  make  the  change  more  disagreeable. 

King.     Why,  are  they  not  Presbyterians? 

Hut.  There  are  a  very  few  churches  which  call  themselves  Pres- 
byterians, and  form  themselves  voluntarily  into  a  Presbytery,  without 
any  aid  from  the  civil  government,  which  the  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Scotland  enjoys. 

Lord  Dartmouth.  The  dissenters  in  England  at  this  day  are 
scarce  any  of  them  Presbyterians,  but,  like  those  in  New  P^ngland,  Con- 
gregationalists, or  Independents. 

King.     Pray  what  were  your  ancestors,  Mr  Hutchinson  ? 

Hut.     In  general.  Sir,  dissenters. 

King.     Where  do  you  attend? 

Hut.  With  both,  sir.  Sometimes  at  your  Majesty  chapel ;  but  more 
generally  at  a  Congregational  church,  which  has  a  very  worthy  minister, 
a  friend  to  government,  who  constantly  prays  for  your  Majesty  and  all 
in  authority  under  you. 

Ki?ig.     What  is  his  name  ? 

Hut.     Dr.  Pemberton. 

Kifig.  I  have  heard  of  Dr.  Pemberton,  that  he  is  a  very  good  man. 
Who  is  minister  at  the  chapel  ? 

Hut.  The  Rector  is  Dr.  Caner,  a  very  worthy  man,  also,  who  fre- 
quently inculcates  upon  his  hearers  due  subjection  to  government,  and 
condems  the  violent,  riotous  opposition  to  it,  and,  besides  the  prayers  in 
the  Liturgy,  generally  in  a  short  prayer  before  sermon  expressly  prays  for 
your  Majesty,  and  for  the  chief  Ruler  in  the  Province. 

King.     Why  do  not  the  Episcopal  ministers  in  general  do  the  same  ? 

Hut.  In  general,  sir,  they  use  no  other  prayer  before  sermon  than  a 
short  collect  out  of  the  Liturgy. 

Kifig.  No.  (Turning  to  L.  Dartmouth.)  It  is  not  so  here,  my 
Lord? 

L.  Dartmouth.  I  believe  it  is,  sir.  In  your  majesty's  chapel  they 
always  use  such  a  prayer.     It  is  a  form  adapted. 

1  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings  for  October,  1877,  xv.  330. 


THE    GATHERING    STORM.  231 

The  Episcopal  Church  had  been  legally  established  and  main- 
tained in  Virginia  from  the  first  founding  of  the  Colony.  In 
1692  it  was  also  established  by  law  in  Maryland,  against  the 
strong  remonstrance  of  Catholics  and  Quakers.  Here  the  most 
important  event  in  its  history  was  the  two  years'  mission  of  Dr. 
Thomas  Bray  (1700,  1701),  "to  settle  church  affairs  in  Mary- 
land." Under  his  influence  the  "  Society  for  Promoting  Chris- 
tian Knowledge"  had  been  founded  in  1699;^  and  two  years 
later  was  chartered  by  King  William  III.  the  "Society  for  the 
Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,"  which  established 
a  wide  system  of  Episcopal  missions,  ordinarily  sustaining  about 
thirty  churches  in  New  England:  the  number  as  reported  in 
1748  amounted  to  thirty-six. 

Finding,  upon  his  return,  in  1700,  on  the  business  of  the  Maryland 
Church,  that  the  work  of  the  Society  had  greatly  increased,  and  that  an 
opportunity  was  supplied  for  entering  into  the  second  department  of 
labour  which  he  had  marked  out  in  his  original  sketch ;  he  lost  no  time 
in  soliciting,  and  obtaining,  from  the  King  a  Charter  for  the  incorporation 
of  a  separate  society,  whose  duty  should  be  to  propagate  the  Gospel  of 
Christ  throughout  the  Colonies  and  foreign  dependencies  of  the  British 
Empire.  The  influence  of  Archbishop  Tenison  and  Bishop  Compton 
was  exerted  heartily  and  promptly  in  support  of  this  application,  and  its 
success  must,  in  great  part,  be  ascribed  to  their  aid ;  but  Bray  is  dis- 
tinctly and  gratefully  recognized,  in  documents  yet  extant,  as  their  most 
valuable  coadjutor.  The  Charter,  thus  granted  to  The  Society  for  the 
Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,  is  dated  June  16,  1701.^ 

The  work  of  this  society,  and  the  opposition  which  it  called 
forth,  will  form  the  principal  topic  of  the  next  succeeding  chap- 
ter. In  New  England,  the  general  hostility  to  Episcopacy,  so 
strongly  marked  from  the  beginning,  had  been  first  held  in 
check  under  the  government  of  the  Restoration  ;  its  earliest  step 
in  advance,  of  much  significance,  was  the  adhesion  in  1722  of 
Rev.  Timothy  Cutler,  then  President  of  Yale  College,  with  sev- 
eral of  his  associates,  who  announced  their  scruples  as  to  the 
validity  of  "  Presbyterian  Ordination,"  and  went  to  England  to 
be  consecrated  anew  by  episcopal  authority.^      The   Episcopal 

1  "  Bray  was  one  of  the  five  members  town,  Mass.,  in  16S3,  graduated  at 
who  met  together,  for  the  first  time.  Harvard  College  in  1701,  was  settled 
March  8,  1698  [O.  S.],  to  commence  that  as  a  Congregational  minister  at  Stam- 
holywork."  Anderson,  Col.  Ch.  ii.  (The  ford,  Conn.,  in  1710,  and  chosen  Presi- 
"  new  style  "  of  calendar  was  adopted  in  dent  of  Yale  College  in  1719.  He  re- 
England  in  1751.)  ceived  the  degree  of  D.D.  both  at 
2  Anderson,  Col.  Ch.  ii.  410.  0.xford  and  Cambridge  (Eng.),  and  in 
^  Timothy  Cutler  was  born  at  Charles-  1723  became  a  missionary  of  the  "  Soci- 


232  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Church  also  obtained  a  footing  at  Newport,  R.  I.,  as  early  as 
1704;  and  an  event  of  special  interest  in  its  history  is  the  visit 
there,  in  1728,  of  Bishop  Berkeley,  whose  humane  and  enlight- 
ened mind  was  strongly  attracted  by  the  field  that  seemed  to 
be  open  for  the  conversion  of  the  savage  tribes  upon  this 
continent.^  We  here  insert,  as  throwing  a  valuable  side-light 
upon  the  controversy,  — 

A  Plan  for  appointing  a  Bishop  to  reside  in  America  for  the  Purpose  of 
Ordination  &  for  the  Support  of  such  Bishop  in  his  Residence  there.^ 

By  an  Act  of  the  26  Hen.  8  Ca  14 

for  the  Nomination  of  Suffragans  & 
Confirmation  of  them,  It  is  enacted  that  every  Bishop  being  disposed 
to  have  any  Suffragan  shall  name  two  discreet  spiritual  Persons  &  present 
them  to  the  King  praying  him  to  give  to  one  of  them  the  Dignity  of  a 
Bishop,  and  the  King  shall  have  Power  to  give  to  one  of  them  the  Title 
of  a  Bishop  of  any  of  the  Suffragan  Sees  within  the  Province  whereof  the 
Bishop  presenting  him  is. 

And  the  King  shall  present  such  Bishop  to  the  Archbishop  of  the 
Province  requiring  him  to  consecrate  him ;  who  shall  consecrate  him 
accordingly. 

Provided  that  no  such  Suffragan  shall  take  or  receive  any  Profits  from 
their  Sees,  nor  use  or  exercise  any  Jurisdiction  or  episcopal  Power  within 
any  Diocese  or  Place  in  this  Realm  or  elsewhere  within  the  King's  Do- 
minions, but  only  such  Profits  Power  &  Authority  as  shall  be  lisensed  & 
limited  to  them  to  take  &  execute  by  any  Bishop  within  their  Diocese  to 
whom  they  shall  be  Suffragans,  by  Commission  under  his  Seal  &  for  such 
time  only  as  shall  be  limited  in  such  Commission.  And  the  Residence 
of  such  Suffragan  shall  serve  for  Residence  upon  any  other  his  Benefice, 
&  such  Suffragan  may  have  two  Benefices  with  Cure, 

Upon  this  Act  this  Proposal  for  appointing  a  Bishop  to  reside  in 
America  is  founded. 

The  Bishop  of  London  is  generally  reputed  to  be  the  Diocesan  of 
America :  and  has  been  usually  confirmed  in  that  Office  by  a  Commis- 
sion from  the  King.  Let  that  Commission,  if  it  does  not  subsist  now,  be 
revived  with  such  additional  Powers,  if  any,  as  may  be  wanted  for  the 
present  Purpose. 

Let  this  Bishop  present  two  Divines  to  the  King  praying  him  to  ap- 
point one  of  them  to  be  his  Suffragan. 

ety  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel,"  are  taken  chiefly  from  an  article  by  Prof, 

and  rector  of  Christ  Church  in  Boston,  J.  A.  Spencer,  of  New  York,  in  McClin- 

where  he  died  in   1765.     See  Sprague's  tock  &  Strong's  "Biblical,  Theological, 

"Annals  of  the  American  Pulpit."     His  and     Ecclesiastical    Cyclopedia,"    New 

name  will  often  meet  us  in  the  course  of  York,  Harper  and  Brothers, 
our  history.  ^  Papers  of  Sir  Francis  Bernard  (MS. 

1  The  statements   in  this  paragraph  in  Harv.  Univ.  Library),  xii.  261-264. 


THE   GATHERING    STORM.  233 

Let  the  Person  so  to  be  appointed  be  previously  engaged  to  reside  in 
America  for  a  certain  time,  and  let  him  be  provided  with  Benefices  in 
England  sufficient  to  support  him  in  America. 

It  would  not  be  amiss  if  some  very  good  Benefice  which  did  not 
necessarily  require  Residence  should  be  appointed  to  this  particular  Ser- 
vice, and,  as  it  were,  amended  to  it. 

By  the  Act  the  Office  of  Suffragan  will  be  a  Dispensation  of  Residence 
upon  his  Benefice. 

Let  the  Bishop  of  London  grant  to  the  Suffragan  a  Commission  em- 
powering him  to  ordain  and  confirm  in  America,  with  such  other  Powers 
as  shall  be  thought  proper,  carefully  avoiding  the  Exercise  of  any  coercive 
Jurisdiction. 

When  the  time  limited  for  this  Service  is  expired,  let  the  Suffragan  be 
rewarded  with  an  English  Bishoprick  :  and  let  this  Service  be  considered 
as  a  step  to  a  Bishoprick. 

Besides  the  Support  which  such  Suffragan  will  derive  from  his  Bene- 
fices in  England,  he  will  receive  some  Assistance  from  the  Benefactions 
already  made  for  the  Support  of  a  Bishop  in  America  ;  &  there  is  no 
Doubt  but  many  other  Benefactions  will  be  added  to  them  when  an  Ap- 
pointment has  once  taken  Place. 

It  is  not  improbable  that  the  Residence  of  the  Bishop  will  be  sollicited 
by  different  Provinces,  &  Provincial  Appointments  will  be  made  to  engage 
such  Residence. 

If  more  than  one  Bishop  shall  be  thought  necessary  to  America  an- 
other may  be  made  in  the  like  Manner ;  and  a  third  also  for  the  West 
India  Islands  if  wanted. 

At  first  it  will  be  best  to  appoint  only  one,  and  let  him  be  settled  with 
as  little  Shew  &  Parade  as  possible. 

The  properest  Place  for  the  first  Setdement  will  be  at  Perth  Amboy 
in  New  Jersey,  where  there  is  a  very  good  House  built  for  the  Governor 
(who  at  present  chuses  to  reside  at  Burlington)  ready  to  receive  him  : 
and  the  Inhabitants  who  are  allmost  wholly  of  the  Church  of  England 
are  well  disposed  to  this  Appointment. 

After  the  Business  is  quieted  the  Bishop  may  be  removed  wherever  it 
may  be  thought  more  proper,  viz.  to  Philadelphia,  if  there  is  to  be  but 
one  for  the  whole  Continent ;  or  to  New  York  or  Williamsburgh,  if  there 
are  to  be  two.     But  this  should  wait  for  an  Invitation. 

By  this  Proceeding  all  the  Difficulties  which  have  hitherto  obstructed 
the  appointing  a  Bishop  in  America  will  be  removed.  The  pretended 
Jealousy  of  the  Dissenters  of  the  Admission  of  a  Bishop  into  America, 
which  is  generally  artificial,  will  be  exposed,  if  they  should  urge  it  against 
an  Appointment  made  according  to  Law  and  granting  to  those  of  the 
Church  of  England  no  greater  Privileges  than  what  the  Dissenters  in 
America  of  all  Denominations  enjoy  themselves,  namely  a  Power  of  con- 
tinuing the  Succession  of  their  Ministry  within  their  own  Country,  &  of 
using  the  religious  rights  which  belong  to  their  Church. 


234  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

The  Difificulty  also  of  providing  for  an  American  Bishop  with  which 
this  Business  has  hitherto  laboured  more  than  it  ought  to  have  done  will 
be  removed  by  making  ...  a  Provision  for  him  out  of  the  Revenues  of 
the  Church  of  England,  which  by  laying  it  upon  some  of  the  Dignities 
may  be  done  without  any  Disservice  to  the  Church.  .  .  . 

As  for  establishing  Church  Discipline  over  the  Ministers  of  the  Church 
of  England  in  America,  otherwise  than  by  a  voluntary  Submission  (in 
which  way  it  is  now  exercised  with  Effect  by  the  Dissenting  Ministers  of 
all  Denominations),  as  it  cannot  be  done  at  all  without  the  Authority  of 
Parliament,  nor  with  Propriety  without  the  Concurrence  &  Good  Will 
of  the  Ministers  of  the  Church  &  their  Congregations,  it  would  be  better 
to  postpone  it  to  a  more  proper  Season,  which  probably  the  Appointment 
before  recommended  will  soon  bring  forward. 

These  advances  were  naturally  met  by  the  active  hostility  of 
the  Congregational  order,  which  then  made  an  ecclesiastical 
establishment  in  New  England,  and  led  to  a  controversy  which 
lasted,  with  increasing  bitterness,  down  to  the  time  of  the  Revo- 
lution. At  this  period,  to  quote  from  the  authority  we  have 
cited  above, — 

The  Church  of  England  in  America  was  peculiarly  unhappy  in  its 
position.  It  had  no  popular  favor  to  fall  back  upon  in  those  days  of 
trial.  It  was  small  in  proportion  to  other  Christian  bodies,  especially  in 
the  north,  and  it  was  hated  and  despised  by  the  ill-informed  multitude, 
who  regarded  it  as  virtually  identical  with  priestcraft  and  tyranny.  A 
considerable  number  of  its  clergy,  particularly  those  who  were  English- 
born,  felt  compelled  by  their  ordination  vows  to  adhere  to  the  cause  of 
the  King.  This  was  sure  to  bring  distress  and  trouble  upon  them  and 
the  Church  likewise  ;  for  when  the  disputes  with  the  mother  country 
reached  that  crisis  which  culminated  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  there 
could  be  no  longer  any  hesitation  as  to  the  side  which  every  man  must 
take  ;  he  must  be  a  patriot,  heart  and  soul,  or  he  must  be  ranked  with  and 
suffer  with  the  odious  Tories.  The  result  was  the  abandonment  of  their 
fields  of  labor  by  most  of  the  clergy  in  the  employ  of  the  Society  for  Propa- 
gating the  Gospel,  who  found  their  only  safety  in  flight  to  England  or  the 
British  provinces  ;  the  closing  of  nearly  all  the  churches  ;  and,  worse  than 
all,  the  disgraceful  ruin  and  defilement  heaped  upon  many  church  edifices. 

The  machinery  by  which  the  scattered  Episcopal  churches  in 
New  England  were  governed  seemed  to  be  constructed  specially 
to  prevent  the  growth  of  their  cause.  Dependent  ecclesiastically 
on  the  Bishop  of  London,  and  (with  the  single  exception  of  King's 
Chapel)  governed  also  by  the  "  Society  for  the  Propagation  of 
the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,"  the  clergy  had  no  organization 
among  themselves;   and,  while  representing  the    only  Church 


THE    GATHERING   STORM.  235 

which  based  its  claims  on  a  divinely  authorized  hierarchy,  they 
had  no  ecclesiastical  authority  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic,  ex- 
cept during  the  short  period  when  Mr.  Price  was  in  commis- 
sion as  the  Bishop  of  London's  Commissary.  Any  questions 
must  be  referred  to  England,  and  must  wait  at  least  twelve 
months  for  the  most  prompt  answer.  The  missionaries  of  the 
Society,  isolated  in  the  midst  of  an  indifferent  or  unfriendly 
population,  felt  the  loneliness  and  hardships  of  their  situation,  and 
early  endeavored  to  meet  together.  "  A  convention,  designed 
to  be  general,  but  for  various  reasons  attended  only  by  six 
clergymen,  was  held  at  Newport,  R.  I.,  July  21,  1725."  Another 
is  recorded,  in  1738;  and  another,  held  at  New  London,  Conn., 
May  4,  1740,  was  attended  by  ten.  An  Annual  Convention  on 
the  Wednesday  after  Trinity  Sunday  is  mentioned  by  Rev.  Mr. 
Brockwell,  of  Salem,  in  1744.^  But  the  first  efficient  organization 
of  this  Convention  resulted  from  the  meeting  of  episcopal  clergy- 
men on  the  occasion  of  the  fimeral  of  Dr.  Cutler,  of  Christ 
Church,  the  patriarch  of  the  episcopal  clergy  in  the  New  England 
provinces,  who  died  Aug.  17,  1765.  By  his  death.  Dr.  Caner  be- 
came the  recognized  head  of  the  body  in  age  and  character,  as 
he  was  already  in  position  and  influence;  and  it  is  not  difificult 
to  perceive  his  organizing  spirit  in  the  steps  which  were  imme- 
diately taken  to  secure  the  advantages  of  a  closer  union.^ 

It  had  been  determined  by  the  clergy,  who  followed  the  remains  of  Dr. 
Cutler  to  the  grave,  in  1765,  to  have  an  annual  convention  at  Boston, 
with  a  view  to  promote  mutual  love  and  harmony  among  themselves,  and 
to  assist  each  other  with  advice  in  difficult  cases.  The  plan  was  ap- 
proved by  the  Bishop  of  London,  and  the  first  meeting  took  place  in 
June,  1766.  The  appearance  of  fourteen  clergymen,  walking  in  their 
gowns  and  cassocks  in  procession  to  church,  was  a  novelty  in  America  at 

1  Mass.  Hist.  Ch.  Papers,  175,  176,  year  is  the  first  Wednesday  in  June,  on 
322,386;  Cii.  Docs.  Conn,  i,  170,  171.  wiiich    day    there    will    be    a     Sermon 

2  Dr.  Caner  seems  to  have  issued  a  preached  before  them  at  King's  Chapel 
circular  call  to  his  brethren  to  attend  in  this  Town ;  at  which  you  are  desired 
the  first  regular  Convention,  as  he  wrote  to  be  present,  and  to  dine  with  me  after 
to  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey  in  the  following  Sermon.  As  you  have  few  opportuni- 
terms  : —  ties  of  meeting  and  conversing  with  your 

Boston,  May  17th,  1766.  Brethren,    I   doubt  not  you  will   cheer- 

I  must  inform  you  that  the  Clergy  of  fully  lay  hold  of  this,  and  take  the  bene- 

this  and  the  neighboring  Towns,  having  fit  of  the  brotherly  correspondence  and 

been  together  some   time   ago,  upon   a  advice  which  such  an  occasion  affords, 
special  occasion,  agreed  upon  a  volun-  I  am,  Dear  Sir, 

tary   annual    Convention   of   the   whole        Your  affec.  Bro.  and  humble  Servant, 
Clergy  of  this   Province,  to  which   the  H.  Caner. 

Bishop  of  London  has  since  given  his  Bartlett's  "  Bailey,"  p.  83. 

Sanction.     The  day  appointed  for  this 


236  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

that  time,  and  was  calculated  to  create  an  impression  of  the  importance 
of  the  body  to  which  they  belonged.  Dr.  Caner,  who  was  appointed  mod- 
erator, preached  the  first  sermon  in  King's  Chapel.^ 

A  report  of  this  meeting,  June  4,  1766,  is  preserved  in  a  con- 
temporary letter:  ^  — 

"  Last  year  the  Clergy  present  at  D'  Cuder's  Funeral  agreed  to  have  an 
annual  convention  in  Boston,  to  promote  mutual  love  &  harmony 
amongst  ourselves,  &  to  assist  each  other  with  advice  in  difficult  cases. 
Accordingly  we  met,  14  in  number,  the  beginning  of  this  month,  & 
made  something  of  an  appearance  for  this  country,  when  we  walked  to- 
gether in  our  Gowns  &  Cassocks.  D'  Caner  acquainted  us  that  our  Con- 
vention was  approved  of  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  &  was  chosen 
Moderator  &  Secretary,  &  gave  us  an  excellent  discourse  in  King's 
Chapel  [from  the  text  "  Follow  me  "J,  &  we  were  honored  with  the 
Governor's  Company  at  Dinner."  ^ 

From  this  time  until  the  Revolution  broke  into  actual  warfare, 
a  Convention  of  the  Clergy  was  held  regularly  every  year  in 
King's  Chapel,  with  all  the  state  which  the  place  and  the  num- 
ber and  character  of  its  members  could  bestow  upon  the 
gathering :  — 

June  17th.  1767.  A  Convention  of  the  Clergy  of  the  three  Provinces 
above  named  was  holden  at  Boston.  By  this  body  Mr.  William  W. 
Wheeler  was  recommended  to  the  Bishop  of  London  for  Holy  Orders, 
and  appointed  by  the  Society  to  the  Mission  at  Georgetown  in  Maine.* 

1  Hawkins's  "  Missions  of  the  Church  From  this  kind  interest  in  the  new 
of  England,"  p.  234.  settlement,   and   the   zealous   efforts   to 

2  Rev";'  M"^  Will.  M":  Gilchrist  to  the  which  it  gave  birth,  seems  naturally  to 
Secretary,  Salem,  June.  27".' 1776.  Church  have  grown  up  the  connection  of  the 
Docs.  Mass.  p.  524.  Colonial    Church   with   the    Diocese  of 

"  The  earliest  traces  of  the  superin-  London.     At   the  close  of  this  century, 

tendence  of  the  Bishop  of  London  over  the  Governor  and   Assembly  of  Mary- 

the  Colonial  Church  we  have  been  able  land  petitioned  the  King  and  Queen  for 

to  find,  is  the  application  of  the  Virginia  the  transfer  of  the   "Judicial   Office   of 

Council,  early  in  the  seventeenth  cent-  Commissary "   from    the   Governors    of 

ury,  to  Bishop  King,  whose  interest  in  Colonies,  in  whom  it  had   at  first  been 

the  work  of  colonizing  and  Christianiz-  vested,  to  the  Bishop  of  London ;  and 

ing  America  was  already  well  known,  for  from  this   time   the  Bishop  either  took 

assistance  in  providing  "pious,  learned,  out  a  commission  from  the  King  for  this 

and  powerful   Ministers  "  for  that   Col-  purpose,  and  delegated  the  commissarial 

ony.     The  choice  of  the  good  Bishop  as  authority  to  a  suitable  clergyman  in  the 

a  member  of  the  Council  followed  ;  and,  Colonies,  or,  as  was  the  case  with  Bishop 

as  Anderson,  in  his  "Colonial  Church,"  Sherlock,  declined  to  take  this  course, 

(i.  261),  expresses  it,  "so  far,  one  chan-  from  the  conviction  that  he  could  not  do 

nel   of  direct   authoritative  communica-  justice  to  the  American  Church,  and  con- 

tion  was  established  between  himself  and  sequently  ought   not   to   undertake    the 

the  clergymen  whom  he  nominated,  and  nominal  oversight  of  it. 

over  whom  he  was  to  exercise  as  far  as  *  6  Anniv.  Serm.  (1767-68),  48,  49. 
it   was   practicable   Episcopal   control." 


THE   GATHERING   STORM.  2^ 

The  political  aspects  of  this  closer  organization  of  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  English  Church  did  not  escape  the  watchful 
notice  of  the  Puritan  leaders  of  Massachusetts  feeling;  but  the 
ominous  distrust  with  which  they  regarded  it  was  hardly  justi- 
fied by  any  public  utterance  of  the  Convention.  It  has  been 
reserved  for  this  generation  to  bring  to  light  its  confidential 
communication  to  the  authorities  in  England. 

The  Clergy  in  Convention  to  the  Secretary. 

Boston  in  New  England,  Sep'.  21^^  1768. 

.  .  .  The  general  state  of  the  Churches  in  this  part  of  America  are 
indeed  in  as  good  a  condition  as  can  reasonably  be  expected  under  the 
present  troublesome  state  of  the  Colonies.  All  that  we  are  able  to  do  in 
these  times  is  only  to  cultivate  among  the  people  committed  to  our  care 
a  spirit  of  peace  &  patience  under  the  various  insults  to  which  they 
are  exposed  for  refusing  to  join  in  the  popular  clamours  that  now  pre- 
vail. We  are  neither  allowed  to  speak  nor  scarcely  to  be  silent  unless  we 
join  with  those  whom  we  believe  to  be  laboring  the  destruction  of  our  con- 
stitution, civil  &  religious.  The  civil  government  is  too  weak  to  afford  us 
protection ;  &  ecclesiastical  superior  we  have  none  on  this  side  the  At- 
lantic, from  whom  we  may  receive  timely  advice  or  direction  under  our 
present  trials.  We  can  only  look  up  to  God  &  cast  ourselves  upon  the 
divine  Providence  for  protection  &  for  a  happy  issue  to  our  distress.-^ 

The  only  communications  of  the  Convention  with  which  the 
public  had  to  do,  were  the  Sermons  with  which  it  was  opened 
each  year.  These  were  preached  in  King's  Chapel  in  succes- 
sive years  as  follows  :  — 

Sept.  22d.  1768.  Yesterday,  (21st)  a  Convention  of  the  Episcopal 
Clergy  was  held  in  this  town,  when  the  Rev.  Arthur  Browne,  of  Ports- 
mouth, N.  H.,  preached  the  Sermon  on  the  occasion  at  King's  Chapel.^ 

Sept.  2ist,  1769.  Yesterday  (20".')  was  held  in  this  Town  the  An- 
nual Convention  of  the  Episcopal  Clergy  of  this  and  the  neighbouring 
Provinces.  A  Sermon  was  preached  at  King's  Chapel,  by  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Thompson  of  Scituate.^ 

Sept.  19th.  1770.  Wednesday  a  Convention  of  the  Episcopal  Clergy 
was  held  in  this  Town,  when  a  Sermon  was  preached  in  King's  Chapel 
on  the  Occasion  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Troutbeck,  King's  Chaplain,  from  the 
text  "What  is  Truth?'"* 

Sept.  i8'^  1 77 1.  On  Wednesday  the  i8th  inst.,  a  Convention  of  the 
Episcopal  Clergy  was  held  in  this  Town,  when  a  Sermon  was  preached 
at  King's  Chapel,  on  the  occasion,  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bass,  of  Newbury. ^ 

Sept.   14^1'   1772.     Wednesday  being  the  Annual  Convention  of  the 

^  Church  Docs.  Mass.,  p.  541.  *  Boston  Post  Boy,  Sept.  24,  1770. 

2  Boston  Post  Boy,  Sept.  26,  1768.  ^  Ibid.,  Sept.  30,  1771. 

8  Mass.  Gazette,  Sept.  21,  1769. 


238  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Episcopal  Clergy  of  this  and  the  neighbouring  Provinces,  a  Sermon  was 
preached  on  the  occasion  by  the  Rev.  D":  Byles,  Rector  of  Christ  Church 
in  this  town,  from  these  words  in  Psalm  cxxii.  3  :  "  Jerusalem  is  builded 
as  a  City  that  is  compact  together,"  ^ 

Sept.  6,  1773.  Sermon  by  the  Rev.  Edward  Winslow  of  Braintree, 
from  Gal.  iv.  8,  "  But  it  is  good  to  be  zealously  affected  always  in  a  good 
thing." 

Sept.  14*  1774.  The  Convention  Sermon  was  preached  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Serjeant  of  Cambridge,  from  these  words,  —  "  If  ye  know  these 
things,  happy  are  ye  if  ye  do  them  "  (John  xiii :  17).  General  Gage  was 
present,  and  dined  with  the  Clergy  at  D-  Caner's  house.  Convention 
sat  again,  and  unanimously  made  choice  of  the  Rev.  Mr  Fayerweather 
to  be  their  preacher  on  the  second  Wednesday  of  the  next  Sept. 
1775 — the  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey  to  read  the  prayers  on  that  annual  and 
much  to  be  esteemed  occasion.^ 

The  peaceable  voice  of  "  that  much  to  be  esteemed  occasion," 
however,  was  silenced  by  the  siege  which  closely  beleagured 
Boston  before  the  anniversary  returned ;  and  though  several  of 
the  clergy  were  imprisoned  within  the  sheltering  town,  there  is 
no  record  of  their  holding  any  special  meeting. 

The  Rev.  Samuel  Fayerweather,  who  wrote  the  foregoing 
record,  has  preserved  for  us  a  few  glimpses  into  King's  Chapel 
in  its  common  Sunday  worship.  He  preached  there  Dec.  2,  1761, 
"  His  Excellency  Gov.  Bernard  present;  "^  and  again, — 

June  4,  1766.  Mr.  Fayerweather  attended  the  Convention  of  the 
Episcopal  Clergy  at  Boston,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Caner  preached  in  King's 
Chapel  from  these  words,  —  Follow  Me.  Sunday  after,  I  preached  for 
the  Doctor  and  baptized  a  child,  which  was  registered  in  their  church 
books ;  and  again  June  28,  1772,  "  for  the  Rev.  Dr.  Caner." 

1  Boston  Post  Boy,  Sept.  14,  1772.  the  prayers  prohibited  by  Congress  led 
Mather  Byles,  Rector  of  Christ  Church,  to  the  closing  of  his  Church.  ...  He 
was  a  son  of  the  more  noted  wit,  humor-  continued  also  to  officiate  occasionally  in 
ist,  and  Tory,  Mather  Byles,  minister  of  the  private  houses  of  his  friends,  until 
Hollis  Street  Church.  his  death,  in  1781  ;  and  the  records  of  the 

2  Updike,  356,  quoted  from  Rev.  Mr.  Society  show  that  the  payment  of  his 
Fayerweather's  parish  records.  The  stipend  was  still  continued."  He  was  a 
Rev.  Samuel  Fayerweather,  here  men-  humorist,  who  brought  into  the  pulpit 
tioned,  son  of  Thomas,  of  Boston,  H.  C.  methods  usually  considered  more  modern 
1740,  became  minister  of  the  Second  than  his  time.  On  one  occasion,  repri- 
Congregational  Church  in  Newport,  R.  nianding  his  parishioners  for  not  attend- 
I.,  in  1754,  being  predecessor  of  Rev.  Dr.  ing  church,  he  said  :  "  You  have  a  thou- 
Stiles.  He  was  ordained  presbyter  in  sand  frivolous  excuses,"  naming  several, 
the  Church  of  England  and  received  the  "but  there  is  none  more  common  with 
degree  of  M.  A.  at  Oxford  in  1756.  Before  you  than  the  plea  oi  foul  weather  ;  but 
succeeding  the  Rev.  Dr.  McSparran  at  come  here  and  you  will  always  find 
Narragansett,  he  had  been  missionary  of  Fayerweather." —  Updike,  p.  270.  An- 
the  Venerable  Society  at  Wineyard,  S.C.  derson,  Col.  Church,  iii.  458. 

"  At  the  end  of  1774,  his  refusal  to  omit  ^  Updike,  p.  290. 


THE   GATHERING    STORM. 


239 


As  a  memorial  of  some  old  Boston  families,  we  here  copy 
from  a  partial  list  of  burials  from  King's  Chapel  during  the 
period  under  review:  — 


1759- 
1760. 


1761. 

1762. 
^763- 

1765- 
1766. 

1767. 
176S. 

1769. 
1770. 

1771. 

1772. 
1773- 


Feb.  12.     Estes  Hatch  Esq""  Brigadier  General  . 
Jan.  17.     Elizabeth  Wife  of  Shrimpton  Hutchinson 
January  28.     Ann  Vassal  Wife  of  William  Vassal 
January  29.     Paul  Mascarine  Major  Gen'^^'^ 
June  3.     Martin  Brimmer.     Staymaker    . 
June  5.     Andrew  Johonnot.     Distiller 
June  26.     John  Gibbins     Apothecary 
September  28.     John  Cutler     Physician  . 
November  11.     Alice  Quick.     Widow  &  Shopkeeper 
December  16.    Edward  Whitmore  Esqf  Major  Generall 

&  Governor  of  Louisburg 

May  12.  Thomas  White.  Tallow  Chandler  .  . 
July  7.  Ann  Deblois  Wife  of  Stephen  Deblois  . 
February  22.  Thomas  Pearson  Baker  .... 
Oct.  26.  Mary  Widow  of  Co"  Estes  Hatch  .  . 
December  23.  Elizabeth  Wife  of  James  Gordon  . 
June  3.     Thomas  Lechmere    Late  Survey'  Gen''  of 

Customs 

November 
April  1 1 . 
August  13. 
Sepf  12. 
March  26. 
August  21. 
January  14 
August  22. 
August  24. 
October  8. 
August  7. 
August  8. 


30.     Co"  Francis  Brinley    .... 
James  Freeman.     Sea  Captain 

Sarah  Forbes  Wife  of  Cap'  James  Forbes 
Samuel  Wentworth  Esq'  JNferchant . 
Paise  Cazneau  Victualler  . 
Robert  Voaex  Sexton  of  Kings  Chapel 
John  Wharton  Stationer  &  Bookseller 
Richard  Jennys  Notary  public 
David  Watts  Bookkeeper  .  .  . 
Powers  Marriot  Shopkeeper  .  . 
James  Smith  Sugar  Boiler  . 
James  Forbes  Shopkeeper  .  .  . 
February  17.  William  Rulleau,  formerly  Sexton 
May  24.  James  Gordon  Merchant  .... 
August  15.  Nathaniel  Rogers  Merchant  .  . 
April  i^'  William  Shirley  Esq'  Lieut.  General 
May  22.  William  Price  Printseller  .... 
July  I.  George  Cradock  Merchant  .  .  . 
July  31.  Thomas  Bunch  one  of  his  Majes*'  Counc' 
November  i .  Martin  Saizi  Duverge  A  transient  Person 
January  13.  John  Gould  Merchant  .  .  . 
August  4.  John  Hudson  Clerk  of  the  Revenue 
Oct.  I.  Thomas  Cockrain  Leather  Breeches  Maker 
March  9.  John  Burchell,  Midshipman  of  the  Fowey 
March  23.  Charles  Hay  Esq'  Cap'  of  his  Majesty's 
Ship  Tamar 


the 


YEARS. 

70 

33 
40 

74 
63 

56 

72 

85 
74 

71 
50 
75 
63 
65 
63 

82 
76 
23 
54 
58 
60 
46 
34 
53 
5^ 
63 
81 
70 
99 
77 
33 
77 

87 
87 
40 

34 

72 

31 

45 
16 

65 


240 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


We  shall  not  attempt  to  tell  the  story  of  the  great  events  of 
which  Boston  was  the  scene  and  centre,  in  those  momentous 
years  from  the  time  when  it  heard  its  last  king  proclaimed  by 
trumpet  from  the  Old  Town  House  balcony,  and  rejoiced  over 
in  King's  Chapel,  to  the  day  when  these  walls  echoed  to  the 
retreating  drums  of  the  British  troops  and  saw  the  Continental 
army  enter  the  town  in  triumph.  Three  representatives  of  royal 
authority  in  this  stormy  time  attended  worship  in  this  Church, 
and  sat  in  the  Governor's  pew,  —  Sir  Francis  Bernard,  General 
Gao-e,  and  Sir  William  Howe.  Governor  Hutchinson  was  a 
member  of  the  Brick  Church  at  the  North  End,  —  but  he  was 
friendly  to  this  church;  and  it  is  recorded  in  our  records,  Dec. 
I,  1772,  that  he  received  its  thanks  "for  procuring  the  King's 
Donation  for  a  Service  of  plate  and  pulpit  Furniture  for  the 
King's  Chapel." 

The  last  service  in  this  Chapel  before  the  Revolution,  of  which 
any  special  record  is  preserved,  took  place  on  the  i8th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1774.  General  Gage,  who  came  in  May  of  that  year,  as 
Captain  General  and  Governor  of  Massachusetts,  had  been  a 
good  church-goer,  and  doubtless  his  successor  was  the  same. 
Gage  heard  here  one  sermon  the  text  of  which  at  least,  well- 
pondered,  would  have  saved  seven  years  of  war  and  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  lives ;  for,  on  the  date  above  given.  Rev.  Mr. 
Fayerweather,  of  Narragansett,  records  in  his  diary  that  he 
preached  in  King's  Chapel,  Boston,  "  before  General  Gage  & 
his  officers  &  a  very  numerous  &  polite  assembly,  from  the  text 
•  Be  kindly  affectioned  one  toward  another  in  brotherly  love.'  " 
The  commentary  was  written  at  Lexington  and  Bunker  Hill. 


OLD  TOWN   HOUSE. 


/tUt^ 


8!"   I720_DI[D  JULY  19^"  [766 


CHAPTER    XVII. 


EPISCOPACY   AND   THE   MAYHEW    CONTROVERSY. 


T' 


WEST   CHURCH. 


version  of  Heathens." 


*HE  question  at  issue  in  the  so- 
called  "Mayhew  Controversy  " 
is  thus  stated  in  the  pamphlet  which 
led  the  way  in  that  discussion :  ^ 
"Whether  the  Soc\Q\.y  for  the  propa- 
gation of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  parts 
b.  conform  to  the  design  of  their  incor- 
poration, by  maintaining  episcopal 
churches  in  the  settled  Towns  and 
Villages  of  NortJi  America:  or 
whether  they  have  not  misapplied 
a  fund  originally  limited  to  the  con- 
Thus  defined,  the  entire  controversy  is 
contained  in  four  pamphlets  of  the  year  1763,  followed  the  next 
year  by  Archbishop  Seeker's  "Answer"  and  Mayhew's  "Re- 
marks," and  closed  in  1765  with  a  general  "Review"  of  the 
discussion  by  Mr.  Apthorp,  writer  of  the  original  pamphlet. 

In  reality,  however,  this  controversy  was  only  one  episode  in 
a  movement  which  deeply  agitated  the  religious  mind  of  New 
England  for  nearly  or  quite  a  century,  and  was  brought  to  an 
end  only  by  the  Revolution  that  made  the  American  colonies 
independent  of  the  mother  country.  The  question  taken  in  this 
broader  way  was  no  less  than  whether  the  New-England  Con- 
gregational Order  should  be  suppressed,  or  at  least  be  deprived 
of  its  political  advantage,  and  Episcopacy  made  an  "  established 
religion  "  in  America,  as  in  England,  by  force  of  royal  authority. 
It  is  necessary,  then,  to  keep  this  larger  question  in  view,  in 
order  to  understand  the  temper  of  extreme  jealousy  and  acrimony 
that  went  into  the  discussion,  especially  on  the  Congregationalist, 
or  what  we  may  here  call  the  Colonial,  side.^ 


1  Considerations  on  the  Institution 
and  Conduct  of  the  Society  for  the  Propa- 
gation of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts, 
by  East  Apthorp,  M.  A.,  missionary 
at  Cambridge.  Boston,  New  England : 
Printed  by  Green  &  Russell  in  Queen 
Street,  and  Thomas  &  John  Fleet,  in 
Cornhill.     mdcclxiii.  pp.  24. 

2  Mr.  Foote  had  prepared,  as  his  man- 
ner was,  extremely  copious  notes   and 

VOL.  II.  — 10 


memoranda,  filling  more  than  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  manuscript  pages,  cover- 
ing the  entire  subject,  and  laying  out 
material  sufficient  for  a  considerable  vol- 
ume. These  have  been  freely  used  in 
the  preparation  of  this  chapter,  while, 
it  is  hardly  necessary  to  say,  the  exact 
task  he  had  proposed  is  one  that  cannot 
be  adequately  clone  by  another  hand.  — 
Editor. 


242  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

The  Restoration  of  Charles  II.,  it  will  be  remembered,  had  had 
an  immediate  effect  on  the  ecclesiastical  system  of  New  England, 
particularly  in  defining  anew  the  legal  rights  of  Episcopalians  and 
Quakers;  and  a  series  of  unfriendly  acts  of  the  royal  govern- 
ment culminated  when,  "  in  June,  1684,  the  Court  of  Chancery  at 
London  declared  [the  old  colonial  charter]  void,  and  swept  away 
at  one  blow  the  legal  basis  of  all  Massachusetts  institutions.  The 
next  year  saw  the  accession  of  James  II.  to  the  English  throne, 
and  then  followed  speedily  the  tyrannous  rule  of  the  younger 
Dudley  and  of  Andros  in  Massachusetts,  with  its  violation  of  long- 
cherished  personal  and  property  rights,  and,  what  was  almost 
equally  offensive  to  the  New-England  Puritan,  the  introduction 
of  Episcopal  worship  into  Boston."  ^  Under  these  circumstances, 
Increase  Mather,  whose  father,  Richard  Mather,  had  drafted  the 
"Cambridge  Platform"  in  1646,  "slipped  out  of  New  England 
early  in  April,  1688,"  evading  the  vigilance  of  Andros,  and  for 
three  years  remained  in  London,  where  it  was  his  work,  says  the 
authority  just  quoted,  "to  rescue  for  Massachusetts  the  larger 
part  of  her  civil  liberties,  and  to  put  her  churches  and  her  schools 
beyond  the  danger  of  forcible  conversion  to  Episcopal  uses  by 
the  agents  of  the  English  government." 

But  the  High  Church  party  in  England  —  which  had  already 
(1668)  rejected  Sir  Matthew  Hale's  proposal  of  a  friendly 
"  comprehension  or  union  "  with  Nonconformists  —  persisted 
in  refusing  to  see  any  merit  in  the  efforts  of  the  colonists  to 
propagate  true  religion  in  America,  or  any  legality  in  the  insti- 
tutions they  founded  to  protect  it.  To  that  party  there  was  only 
one  "  established  religion  "  in  all  the  dominions  under  the  English 
crown,  —  the  Church  of  England.  In  particular,  it  was  claimed 
that  the  Act  of  Union  with  Scotland  in  1707,  and  the  form  of 
Coronation  Oath  then  appointed,  bound  the  Sovereign  to  main- 
tain the  Church  of  England  supreme  in  his  colonial  dominions.^ 
Massachusetts  was  accordingly  asserted,  in  1725,  to  be  included 
in  the  diocese  of  the  Bishop  of  London.  The  Congregational 
system  here  by  law  established  only  added  the  guilt  of  open 
schism  to  the  sin  of  heresy.  In  theory,  it  might  even  be  disputed 
whether  salvation  could  be  had  outside  the  sacerdotal  limits. 
In  the  ignorance,  not  unnatural,  with  which  an  old  and  settled 

^  Williston  Walker,  Ph.D.,  of  the  Hart-  ^  The  answer  to  this  claim  was  that 

ford  Theological   Seminary,  in  "Papers  the  other  "territories"  there  spoken  of 

of  the  American  Society  of  Church  His-  include,  properly,  only  the  quasi-indepen 

tory  for  1893,"  PP-  73>  74-     The  passage  dency  adjacent  to  pjerwick-upon-Tweed. 

cited    expresses    the     current    colonial  Compare  p.  26^,, post. 
opinion. 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.     243 

community  looks  on  one  that  is  foreign  and  remote,  whatever 
disorders  were  reported  of  any  portion  of  this  wild  continent 
were  charged,  with  little  discrimination  or  scruple,  to  the  most 
steady  and  prosperous  of  its  colonies.  The  Bishop  of  Hereford, 
in  a  sermon  before  the  "  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the 
Gospel  in  foreign  parts,"  uses  these  words  :  — 

"  And  then  as  to  our  own  Colonies,  when  we  consider  the  gross  Igno- 
rance that  prevails  among  our  People  here  at  home,  notwithstanding  all 
the  regular  Care  that  is  taken  for  their  Instruction  ;  it  will  give  a  very 
melancholy  Idea  of  the  State  of  Religion  in  those  widely  extended  Plan- 
tations ;  where  thro'  the  whole  Country  there  are  fewer  Churches  in  all, 
than  are  in  the  least  Diocese  of  this  Kingdom  :  the  number  there,  when 
we  first  took  this  Care  upon  us,  being  about  one  hundred  in  the  whole  ; 
whereas,  in  this  country,  which  is  ten  times  less,  there  are  near  ten 
thousand." 

The  "  one  hundred  "  here  spoken  of  must  of  course  have  been 
Episcopal  churches.  Dr.  Charles  Chauncy,  in  a  letter  written  in 
1767,  estimates  not  less  than  "  at  the  lowest  estimate  five  hundred 
and  fifty"  Congregational  and  Presbyterian  churches  in  Massa- 
chusetts, New  Hampshire,  and  Connecticut  alone  ;  ^  and  we  may 
easily  conceive  their  resentment  at  finding  not  even  their  exist- 
ence recognized  as  a  factor  in  the  religious  life  of  the  country. 
In  a  sermon  by  the  Bishop  of  LlandafT,  to  which  this  letter  is 
a  reply,  mention  is  made  of  the  colonists,  — 

"  who  with  their  native  soil  abandoned  their  native  manners  and  religion, 
and  ere  long  were  found  in  many  parts  living  without  remembrance  or 
knowledge  of  God,  without  any  divine  worship,  in  dissolute  wickedness 
and  the  most  brutal  profligacy  of  manners.  Instead  of  civilizing  or  con- 
verting barbarian  infidels,  as  tliey  undertook  to  do,  they  became  them- 
selves infidels  and  barbarians."  ^ 

"Others,"  as  we  learn  from  a  sermon  by  Rev.  Thomas  Foxcroft, 
"finding  this  reformed'climate  disagreeable  to  their  vitiated  in- 
clinations, took  their  speedy  flight  away."  The  Rev.  Mr.  Cut- 
ler, of  Christ  Church,  Boston,  is  quoted  as  saying  that  there  is 
"  ordinarily  no  salvation  out  of  the  communion  of  the  Episcopal 
church ;  "  ^  and  Mayhew  testifies,  "  I  have  myself  heard  some 
of  the  Episcopalians  amongst  us  speak  with  much  regret,  and 
even  indignation,  of  the  act  of  toleration  by  which  that  of  uni- 
formity was  in  part  repealed.     Nay,  it  is  credibly  reported,  that 

1  Dr.  Stiles  states  the  number  of  Con-         -  Chauncy's  Letter,  pp.  8-10. 
gregational   churches  of  New  England,         ^  Bradford's  Life  of  Mayhew,  p.  3S2. 
in   1760,  as   530,  of  which  306  were  in 
Massachusetts. 


244  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

some  of  the  warm  Episcopalians  here  have  said,  tJicy  hoped  for 
the  time  when  they  might  shoot  dissenters  as  freely  as  they  migJit 
shoot  pigeons."  ^ 

That  New  England  should  be  regarded  as  an  unchristianized 
and  barbarous  community,  and  as  missionary  ground  for  Epis- 
copalianism,  was  already  offence  enough.  But  deeper  alarm 
was  felt  at  the  effort  persistently  made  to  introduce  bishops 
into  the  colonies.  In  this  project  Seeker ^  had  taken  an  active 
interest.  We  hear  of  his  attempt  to  obtain  from  Walpole  the 
establishment  of  bishops  in  America  as  an  aid  to  arbitrary 
poiver?  We  are  further  told  that  the  Bishop  of  London,  in 
1745,  "  offered  to  the  King  and  Council,  on  condition  that  an 
American  bishop  might  be  sent  over  in  his  time,  that  he  would 
give  to  his  support _;^  10,000."  Apparently  the  plan,  at  least  as 
first  proposed  by  Bishop  Burnet,  did  not  contemplate  that  "  they 
were  to  be  clothed  with  political  power,  or  to  have  a  higher 
authority  than  the  Congregational  and  Presbyterian  clergy."  * 
But  there  was  a  dangerous  assumption  in  the  title,  which  was 
scrupulously  refused  to  the  Congregational  clergy  who  claimed 
a  Scriptural  right  to  it.^  Prelacy,  in  ever  so  mild  a  form,  was 
dreaded  as  an  entering  wedge  to  a  political  as  well  as  ecclesias- 
tical revolution. 

Nor  was  the  dread  lessened  by  the  persistent  efforts  made  to 
urge  the  scheme  upon  the  English  government.  Mention  has 
already  been  made  of  a  "  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the 
Gospel,"  founded  under  a  royal  charter  in  1701.  The  title,  the 
declared  purpose,  and  the  terms  of  incorporation,  were  alike 
non-sectarian,  as  will  presently  be  seen  in  detail ;  but  from 
a  very  early  date  the  Society  was  made,  insistently,  —  it  was 
charged,  covertly.  —  the  agent  of  a  purely  Episcopalian  propa- 
ganda. In  particular,  it  seems  to  have  made  the  establishment 
of  bishops  a  cardinal  point  of  policy.  "  The  applications  of  the 
Society,"  we  are  told,  "  were  importunately  urged.  At  length, 
a  committee  prepared  'the  case  of  suffragan  bishops  for  foreign 
parts  briefly  proposed,'  which  was  submitted  to  the  Queen's 
Attorney-General   for  his  opinion.    .    .    .    In    17 10  we  find   the 

1  "  Observations,"  etc.,  pp.  95,  96.  ^  The  "  Independent  Chronicle  "  (Bos- 

2  Thomas  Seeker,  educated  as  a  dis-  ton)  of  1787  and  178S  gives  several 
senter  and  a  physician,  took  orders  in  the  examples  of  the  ordination  of  "  bishops  " 
English  church  in  1722,  at  the  age  of  29.  over  Congregational  churches,  showing 
He  was  bishop  of  Bristol,  1733,  of  Ox-  that  the  term  was  sometimes  systemati- 
ford,  1737,  and  archbishop  of  Canter-  cally  and  seriously  applied  to  Congre- 
bury,  175S-176S.  gational     pastors.      (Communicated    by 

3  Bradford's  Life  of  Mayhew,  p.  369.        Hamilton  Andrews  Hill,  LL.D.) 
*  Ibid.,  p.  336. 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.     245 

Society  .  .  .  stating  that  the  subject  is  yet  under  their  consid- 
eration. Not  long  after  they  purchased  a  mansion-house  and 
lands  for  a  bishop's  use  in  Burhngton,  N.  J.  .  .  .  Addresses 
were  made  to  the  throne  upon  this  subject  in  1712  and  171 4. 
In  the  abstract  of  proceedings  for  1715  it  is  stated  that  'her 
majesty  [Queen  Anne]  was  pleased  to  give  a  most  gracious  an- 
swer, highly  satisfactory  to  the  Society,  and  a  draught  of  a  bill 
was  ordered,  proper  to  be  offered  to  the  Parliament  for  estab- 
lishing bishops  and  bishoprics  in  America. '  " 

We  hear  nothing  more  of  these  efforts  throughout  the  reign 
of  George  I.,  who,  German  at  heart,  was  not  easily  drawn  into 
schemes  of  English  sectarian  ambition.^  That  reign  was  occu- 
pied by  political  intrigues  and  the  Stuart  difficulties,  and  the 
subject  slumbered  till  the  thirteenth  year  of  his  successor.  A 
sermon  of  Bishop  Berkeley  before  the  Society  in  173 1  had 
called  fresh  attention  to  the  religious  condition  of  the  colonies, 
especially  the  needs  of  the  native  tribes  and  of  the  plantation 
negroes.  Seeker  (then  bishop  of  Oxford),  following  him  ten 
years  later,  urged  that  the  right  course  was  to  *'  begin  with  the 
English,"  and  was  known  to  be  strongly  committed  to  the  policy 
of  urging  episcopacy  upon  America.  Whitefield,  who  had  seen 
the  working  of  Congregationalism  upon  the  spot,  and  who  knew 
something  of  the  local  differences  among  the  various  colonies 
north  and  south,  addressed  to  him  these  generous  words  of 
remonstrance :  — 

"  If  the  people  of  New  England  impose  taxes  on  the  ^Members  of  the 
Church  of  England,  whilst  others  are  exempt,  it  is  certainly  wrong.  But 
as  the  first  settlers  went  over  there  to  worship  God  in  their  own  way, 
Independency,  I  think,  may  well  be  reckoned  the  Established  Worship 
there  as  well  as  Presbytery  the  Established  Worship  in  Scotland  :  and 
surely  it  would  more  answer  the  design  of  the  Institution  of  the  Honor- 
able Society  to  send  Missionaries  to  North  Carolina,  where  there  are 
inhabitants  enough  and  nobody  to  teach  them,  than  to  New  F^ngland, 
where  they  have  a  minister  of  their  own  every  five  or  ten  miles.  Your 
Lordship,  I  am  persuaded,  is  more  noble  than  to  be  offended  with  this 
plainness  of  speech.  The  Searcher  of  Hearts  knows  from  what  principle 
I  write."  ^ 

1  When  the  draft  of  the  Irish  Act  of  they  shall  have  their  toleration  without 

Toleration  (about  1719),  demanding  pul>  suljscription.'     And    in    this    form    the 

scription  from  Nonconformists  to  the  doc-  Act  was  passed." —  Letter  of  Dr.  James 

trinal  articles  of  the  Churcli  of  England,  Martineau  in  "  An  historical  sketch   of 

was  laid  before  him,  "  the  king,  on  com-  the  Unitarian  movement  since  the   Re- 

ing  to  the  clause  requiring  this  subscrip-  formation,"  by  J.  H.  Allen  (New  York 

tion,  ran  his  pen  through  it,  and  said,  Christian  Literature  Co ),  p.  24S. 
'  You  do  not  know  what  you  would  be  at ;  ^Protestant     Episcopal     Historical 


246  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Meanwhile  the  Society  had  not  been  idle  in  New  England, 
which  it  claimed  for  missionary  ground  as  early  as  1704.  •  The. 
number  of  its  ministers  here,  which  was  only  three  in  1718,  had 
in  the  course  of  forty  years  increased  to  thirty,  as  many  as  in  all 
the  colonies  together  south  of  New  York.  The  following  is 
taken  from  Batchelder's  "  History  of  the  Eastern  Diocese"  :  — 

"  By  Accounts  from  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  the  Mission- 
aries of  the  Society  continue  to  be  very  usefully  employed  in  the  Prop- 
agation of  the  Gospel,  and  in  the  Reconciliation  of  Men's  Minds  to  the 
Liturgy  of  the  Church  oi  England ;  towards  which  the  great  and  frantick 
Disorders  among  the  Sectaries,  and  more  especially  among  the  Nezv 
Lights,  have  not  a  little  contributed ;  even  the  ignorant  Negroes  and 
Indians  have  set  up  praying  and  preaching  by  the  Spirit,  and  they  have 
their  Meetings,  in  which  such  of  them  as  can  neither  read  nor  write  hold 
forth  by  Turns.  This  has  brought  many  serious  thinking  Dissenters  to 
consider  more  attentively  the  Decency  and  Order  in  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, and  to  join  theniselves  to  it ;  insomuch  that  some  new  Churches  are 
built,  more  are  building,  to  receive  the  new  Members  of  our  Church." 

And  Bishop  Sherlock  writes  to  Rev.  Samuel  Johnson,  of  Con- 
necticut, in  1750 :  — 

"  I  have  been  soliciting  the  establishment  of  one  or  two  Bishops  to 
reside  in  proper  parts  of  the  Plantations,  and  to  have  the  conduct  and 
direction  of  the  whole.  I  am  sensible  for  myself  that  I  am  capable  of 
doing  but  very  little  service  to  those  distant  Churches,  and  I  am  persuaded 
that  no  Bishop  residing  in  England  ought  to  have,  or  willingly  to  under- 
take, this  province." 

In  the  answer  returned  by  Johnson  to  the  above  letter,  March 
26,  175 1,  he  encloses  a  paper  signed  by  five  of  the  Boston 
Clergy,  among  whom  were  Cutler  and  Caner,  which  fully  states 
and  answers  objections  that  had  been  urged  in  New  England 
against  the  appointment  of  Bishops  in  America.  "  The  mass 
of  inert  resistance,  presented  [to  Seeker]  in  the  office  of  Secre- 
tary of  State  responsible  for  the  Colonies,"  he  says,  "  was  too 
great  to  be  overcome.  The  utmost  vi^hich  the  repeated  exer- 
tions of  all  these  men  could  obtain  was  promise  after  promise 
that  ministers  would  '  consider  and  confer  about  the  matter,' 
'which  promises  (adds  Seeker)  have  never  been  fulfilled.' "  ^ 

Society  Coll.    i,  p.    132,      Letter  from  first  Secretary  of  State,  and  afterwards 

Whitefield  to  Bishop  of  Oxford  [Seeker],  Prime    Minister.      Seeker   was   contem- 

July  28,  1741.  porary  with  both  ;  having  been  Bishop  of 

1  Bradford's  Life  of  Mayhew,  p.  240.  Bristol  in   1733;  whence    he  was  trans- 

2  The  period  during  which  Gibson  lated  to  Oxford  in  1737,  and  to  Canter- 
and  Sherlock  occupied  the  See  of  Lon-  bury  in  1758.  — Anderson,  Col.  Ch.  iii., 
don  was  from  1723  to  1761,  comprising  pp.  431,  452. 

exactly  the  years  in  which  Newcastle  was 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.     247 

For  some  reason,  possibly  from  its  training  in  the  methods 
of  "  consociation,"  Connecticut  seems  to  have  offered  a  soil 
especially  favorable  to  this  missionary  work ;  for  we  hear  that 
in  1722  a  rector  and  tutor  of  Yale  College,  with  four  of  its 
trustees,  joined  the  episcopal  party,  three  of  them  going  to 
England  for  confirmation  or  ordination.  It  is  in  Connecticut, 
too,  that  the  anxiety  or  alarm  before  spoken  of  first  takes  the 
form  of  public  controversy,  in  a  sermon  delivered  at  Stamford  in 
1747,  by  the  Rev.  Noah  Hobart,^  of  Fairfield.  His  subject  is 
"  Ministers  of  the  Gospel  considered  as  Fellow-Labourers," 
inasmuch  as  they  have  the  same  end,  the  same  means  and  equal 
authority,  and  in  so  far  as  they  encourage  each  other.  Under 
the  third  head,  he  denounces  the  itinerant  superintendency  of 
the  revivalists,  but  gives  his  main  strength  to  showing  that  — 

"  a  fixed  Prelacy  in  the  Church  is  repugnant  to  .  .  .  that  equality  by 
giving  a  few  ministers  too  much,  and  many  too  little  authority  to  dis- 
charge their  commission  from  Christ."  "  It  is  not  much  to  be  wondered 
at,  if  Persons,  who  by  their  immoral  Lives,  expose  themselves  to  ecclesi- 
astical Censures,  chuse  the  Communion  of  that  Church,  which  (at  least 
in  its  present  State  in  this  Country)  can  exercise  no  Discipline  upon 
them.  But  that  Persons  of  Sobriety  and  Religion  .  .  .  should  forsake 
us  and  go  over  to  such  a  Communion,  is  to  me  really  unaccountable. 
.  .  .  Are  these  things  so  very  desirable  in  your  Eyes,  that  for  the  obtain- 
ing them  you  will  run  the  Venture  of  contracting  the  awful  Guilt  of 
Schism,  by  forsaking  the  Communion  of  regularly  instituted  and  well- 
governed  Churches  of  Christ,  in  which  you  were  baptized  and  educated  ; 
by  running  into  Parties  and  promoting  Separations,  by  dividing  and  dis- 
turbing the  peace  of  the  Churches,  and  by  renting,  not  the  Coat,  but  the 
Body  of  Christ?  ...  Is  it,  viy  Brethren,  a  Matter  of  Indifference  with 
you,  whether  your  Children  prove  like  the  former  children  in  IVew-Eng- 
land,  who  were  so  remarkable  for  serious  Religion  and  practical  Godli- 
ness ;  or  run  into  that  Carelessness  and  Looseness,  that  open  Irreligion 
and  undisguised  Prophaneness  which  are  so  dreadfully  visible  where  the 

1  Sermon  at  the  Ordination  of  Noah  tion  for  his  wisdom  and  virtue."      The 

Welles  at  Sanford  [Stamford]   [Conn],  present  controversy,  which  turned  mainly 

etc.,  Boston :  1747.    Mr.  Foote's  notes  of  on  "the  validity  of  presbyterian  ordina- 

this  controversy  are  copied  above  in  full,  tion,"  was  the  chief  event  of  his  profes- 

Noah  Hobart  (i 706-1 773)  wa.s  born  in  sional  career.     It  may  be  noted  that  one 

Hingham,  Mass.,  and  was  settled  in  Fair-  of  the  points  most  strongly  urged  in  his 

field,  Conn.,  in  1733.   He  was  grandson  of  sermon  is  the  defective  discipline  of  the 

Rev.  Peter  Hobart,  and  father  of  Judge  episcopal  church,  owing  to  the  depend- 

John  S.  Hobart,  of  New  York.     Accord-  ence  of  the  ordinary   priesthood  on  its 

ing  to  Dr.  Dwight,  "he  had  a  mind  of  higher  dignitaries. 

great  acuteness   and  discernment ;  was  See  ante,  vol.  i.  chapters  vii.  and  ix., 

a    laborious    student;    was    extensively  and  particularly  pp.  263  and  470 ;  ii.  chap, 

learned,  especially  in  history  and   the-  xiii.     Mr.  Hobart  graduated  at  Harvard 

ology;  and  was  holden  in  high  venera-  in  1724,  and  died  Dec.  6,  1773. 


248  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Church  of  England  has  the  ascendant,  and  especially  where  people  are 
so  unhappy  as  to  have  no  other  religious  Profession?" 

A  "  Vindication  "  by  James  Wetmore,  who  asserts  the  King's 
Supremacy  and  the  authority  of  Parliament  in  matters  of  religion 
over  "  the  Church  of  England  which  is  the  nation  of  England 
Christian,"  including  New  England,  as  against  "  the  right  of  all 
Societies  to  provide  for  their  most  important  interests,"  is  fol- 
lowed, in  1748,  by  a  "Serious  Address"  from  Mr.  Hobart  to 
the  members  of  the  "  Episcopal  Separation  in  New  England," 
printed  at  Boston,  from  which  we  take  the  following  points :  — 

I.  Whether  the  Inhabitants  of  the  British  Plantaiiofis  in  America, 
those  of  New  England  in  particular,  are  obliged,  i7i  Point  of  Duty,  by 
the  Laws  of  God  or  Man,  to  conform  to  the  Prelatit  Church,  by  Law 
established  in  the  South  Part  of  Great-Britain.  IL  Whether  it  be 
Proper  ///  Point  of  Prudence  for  those  who  are  already  settled  in  such 
Churches  as  have  so  long  subsisted  in  New-England,  to  forsake  them,  and 
go  over  to  that  Communion.  IIL  Whether  it  be  Lawful  for  particular 
Members  of  New-English  Churches  to  separate  from  them,  and  join  in 
Communion  with  the  Episcopal  Assefnblies  in  the  Country. 

We  copy  the  following  passages  from  the  Address:  — 

"  My  Brethren,  As  I  am  obliged  to  you  all  by  the  Laws  of  Humanity 
and  the  Christian  Religion.,  so  I  look  upon  myself  as  standing  in  a 
Pastoral  Relation  to  some  of  you  ;  such  of  you,  I  mean,  as  have  sepa- 
rated from  the  particular  Church  of  which  the  Holy  Ghost  hath  made  me 
Overseer :  For  I  cannot  think  your  forsaking  our  Communion  without 
ever  giving  me  an  Opportunity  to  answer  and  remove  those  Doubts  and 
Difficulties  you  laboured  under,  can  dissolve  the  sacred  Relation  which 
before  subsisted  between  us." 

I.  "  There  are  two  National  Churches  [English  and  Scotch]  in  Great 
Britain.  The  Acts  of  Uniformity  do  not  extend  to  America.  No  Divine 
Law  requires  conformity.  The  Puritans  were  not  Schismatics."  "  Had 
[Mr.  Wetmore's]  Forefathers  deserved  this  character  [of  Renegado],  yet 
it  was  not  decent  for  him  to  give  it.  If  Truth  had  been  on  his  s\dt,flial 
Piety  should  have  check'd  his  Pen." 

II.  "  The  Communion  of  our  Churches  is  most  safe,  because  established 
by  prescription." 

"  A  stranger  to  this  Colony  might  [from  Mr.  W.'s  words]  think,  that 
our  episcopal  Missionaries,  tho'  they  were  Men  of  the  most  unwearied 
Application  to  the  Duties  of  their  office,  were  starving  for  want  of  Sup- 
port ;  or  suffered  Persecution  from  the  Government  they  live  under,  and 
were  remarkable  for  the  Meekness  and  Patience  with  which  they  encountred 
their  distinguishing  Difficidties.  .  .  .  This  Government  .  .  .  gives  them 
more  Indulgence  and  treats  them  with  greater  Respect,  than  I  suppose  was 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.       249 

ever  shewn  to  any  Sect  of  Dissetiiers,  who  bare  so  inconsiderable  a  Pro- 
portion to  the  Body  of  the  People  among  whom  they  dwell." 

III.  "  The  state  of  ecclesiastical  discipline  in  the  episcopal  Churches  in 
America  renders  it  inexpedient"  (p.  45). 

"  Hardly  a  shadow  ...  in  the  Church  of  England  at  Home,  and  still 
less  (if  less  can  be)  in  the  episcopal  Congregations  in  America  (p.  61). 
...  It  may  not  be  improper  on  this  Occasion,  to  put  you  in  Mind  of  the 
known  Story  of  the  Clergyman  in  England,  who  accepted  a  Mission  on 
one  of  the  Plantations.  And  being  advised  by  the  Bishop  to  provide 
himself  well  with  Cloathing,  since  he  was  going  into  a  Country  where  it 
was  dear,  and  particularly  to  carry  two  or  three  Dozen  Shirts  ;  reply'd  Two 
or  three  Dozen  Shirts  /  Alas,  my  Lord,  had  I  known  how  to  procure 
half  a  Dozen,  I  should  never  have  thought  of  going  as  a  Missionary  into 
America  "  (p.  63). 

IV.  "  Conforming  to  the  Church  of  England  tends  to  bring  the  Plan- 
tations into  an  unnecessary  and  hurtful  State  of  Dependence.  These  Plan- 
tations are,  and  of  Right  ought  to  be,  dependent  on  the  Kingdom  of  Great- 
Britain  in  all  their  civil  Concerns.  And  whatever  the  Enemies  of  the 
Plantations  may  report  at  Home,  of  the  Danger  of  their  casting  off  their 
Dependence,  I  believe  it  may  with  Truth  be  affirmed,  that  there  is  not  a 
Man  of  Sense  in  them  all,  but  what  is  willing,  nay,  would  chuse  to  con- 
tinue in  this  State.  .  .  .  But  an  ecclesiastical  Dependence  is  unnecessary. 
\  is  what  I  have  already  shewn,  neither  God  nor  Man  requires  of  us." 

V.  Ill  effects  of  Conformity,  etc.,  upon  practical  religion.  "  Mr.  Wet- 
more  .  .  .  [in  reply  to  the  Sermon  has  taken  up  this  point]  .  .  .  and 
has  not  forgotten  to  intersperse  .  .  .  harsh  and  injurious  Reflections  on 
me.  I  look  upon  these  as  sure  Indications  that  the  Argument  pinched 
him  pretty  hard,  for  Men,  tho'  something  unhappy  in  their  Tempers, 
don't  use  to  be  so  angry  when  they  are  not  hurt.  This  is  all  the  Answer 
he  is  to  expect  to  those  Things,  so  far  as  tliey  are  personal^  but  so  far 
as  they  have  any  appearance  of  Argument,  I  shall  endeavour  to  give 
them  their  due  consideration  (p.  67).  .  .  .  Our  conforming  to  it  will,  in 
all  human  Probability,  issue  in  the  Destruction  of  practical  Religion,  and 
the  Introduction  of  Irreligion  and  Profaneness  of  every  Kind  "  (p.  78). 

I.  State  of  the  ministerial  office.  ''Sinful  subjection  of  the  Episcopal 
Ministers  in  America  to  the  English  Prelates  renders  it  unlawful." 

[He  discusses  the  question]  ''  whether  X*  or  the  Apostles  instituted  a 
standing  Prelacy  or  different  orders  in  the  Ministry  "  [and  decides  in  the 
negative], 

II.  It  is  unlawful  to  forsake  our  Churches  for  the  Church  of  England 
on  account  of  its  lack  of  Discipline. 

III.  It  is  Schismatical. 

'•  By  Members  of  the  New-English  Churches,  I  mean,  not  only  actual 
Communicants,  but  all  that  have  been  born  and  bred,  baptized  and 
educated  in  them.  These  all  are  in  some  Sense,  tho'  not  in  the  highest 
Sense,  Members  of  these  Churches  (p.  79).  .  .  .  How  common  is  it  with 


250  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

you  to  declare  that  our  Ordinations  and  Administrations  are  invalid,  and 
that,  tho'  you  yourselves  have  no  Baptism  but  what  you  received  among 
us.  .  .  .  How  many  are  there  of  you,  who  refuse  to  hold  occasional  Com- 
munion with  or  in  the  Word  of  God  and  Prayer,  who,  when  you  have  not 
Opportunity  to  attend  the  Church  Service,  chuse  rather  wholly  to  omit 
the  publick  Worship  of  God,  than  to  join  with  us  in  it?  If  such  Persons 
are  not  guilty  of  Schism,  I  am  utterly  at  a  Loss  how  Men  can  possibly  con- 
tract that  Guilt  "  (p.  125). 

IV.  Persons  separating  from  the  New  England  Communion,  is  the  great 
Occasion  of  misapplying  the  funds  of  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of 
the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts. 

"  I  believe  it  ...  a  moderate  Computation  to  suppose,  that  they  have 
laid  out  ^100,000  stg.,  under  the  Notion  of  propagating  the  Gospel  in 
America.  .  .  .  They  have  expended  in  this  currency,  in  Stratford,  better 
than  ^20,000"  without  improvement  in  the  town  of  Stratford  (p.  129). 
.  .  .  Probably  there  are  many  immortal  Souls  now  in  Hell,  who  (had 
you  contentedly  remained  in  our  Communion)  might  have  spent  an  happy 
Eternity  in  Heaven!"  (p.  137). 

From  Wetmore's  "  Vindication  "  Mr.  Hobart  cites  the  following 
passages  in  the  "  Serious  Address  "  (pp.  27  et  seg.~)  :  — 

"  Congregations  "  (for  he  will  not  call  them  Churches)  "  founded  in 
Schism  (p.  39  of  Wetmore)."  "The  awful  Guilt  of  Schism  .  .  .  was 
contracted  by  those  who  began  the  Separation  in  England,  renounced 
the  Authority  of  their  Governors,  and  invited  discontented  People  to  join 
their  Disobedience  ;  .  .  .  what  Influence  could  crossing  the  Waters  have 
to  purge  such  Crimes?  (p.  19  of  same.)  "  Renegado  Presbyters,  who  threw 
off  their  Subjection  to  their  Bishops,  and  invaded  the  Sacred  Office,  con- 
trary to  their  Ordination  Vow  and  Promise."  He  names  (in  Postscript) 
Winthrop,  Saltonstall,  &c.  (p.  40  of  same).  "They  that  propagate  the 
Church  of  England  in  Connecticut  would  not  put  themselves  to  so  many 
Difficulties,  and  take  so  much  Pains,  if  they  did  not  believe  the  Glory  of 
God  and  the  Welfare  of  many  Souls,  were  to  be  promoted  thereby " 
(p.  34  of  same). 

The  "  Serious  Address  "  of  Mr.  Hobart  called  forth  a  series 
of  replies,  that  of  most  note  being  "  A  calm  and  Dispassionate 
Vindication  of  the  professors  of  the  Church  of  England  against 
the  abusive  misrepresentations  and  fallacious  argumentations  of 
Mr.  N.  Hobart,"  by  John  Beach,  A.  M.,  "  Minister  of  the  First 
Church  of  Christ  in  Reading."^    This  is  continued,  in  175 1,  in 

1  "  The    Hurry    to    have    my    Piece  found    that    this    did    not    satisfy   you, 

answered  was  so  very  great,  that   Mr.  another   Piece   is  published   under    the 

Wetmore,  like    a    wise    Man,    published  title  of «  calm  and  dispassionate  VlNDl- 

what  he  called   2i  Rejoiitder  to   it  before  CK\:\0^  of  the  Professors  of  the  Church  of 

he  had  ever  seen  it.     And  when  it  was  England,  written   by  Mr.   Beach.     Dr. 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.       25  I 

answer  to  a"  Second  Address  "  of  Mr.  Hobart;  and  so  the  con- 
troversy, which  by  this  time  had  come  to  be  extremely  personal, 
appears  to  have  subsided.  The  more  sober  sentiment  of  the 
community  is  expressed  in  the  following  paragraph  of  a  letter 
addressed  by  Secretary  Willard  to  the  Governor  ^  under  date  of 
Dec.  12,  1750:  — 

"  As  to  the  Project  of  sending  Bishops  into  America  (the  principal 
Subject  of  your  Letter),  I  need  say  but  little  in  that  Matter  considering 
how  fully  &  freely  I  express'd  myself  in  a  Letter  I  wrote  to  your  Excy. 
in  June  last,  which  lest  it  should  have  miscarried,  I  now  send  you  a  Copy 
of.  I  can  only  add  that  the  universal  dissatisfaction  to  that  Scheme 
among  Persons  of  our  Communion  is  nothing  lessened  from  the  Propo- 
sals your  Excy  was  pleased  to  send  me  with  your  Letter  before  mentioned, 
of  the  Restrictions  therein  contained  as  to  the  Exercise  of  the  Episcopal 
Function  here,  those  Persons  expecting  that  if  once  Bishops  should  be 
settled  in  America,  it  would  be  judged  for  some  Reasons  or  other  neces- 
sary to  extend  their  Jurisdiction  equally  to  what  that  Order  of  Men  are 
possessed  of  in  Great  Britain  :  However,  It  is  supposed  our  Sentiments  in 
these  Matters  will  have  but  litde  Influence  w""  those  GenUemen  in  Eng- 
land who  have  the  Management  of  this  Affair." 

The  "  Episcopal  controversy  "  (as  it  has  been  termed)  was 
taken  up  as  keenly  in  Boston  and  its  neighborhood  as  in  the 
locality  where  it  was  first  started.  It  brought  to  the  front,  on 
one  side,  all  the  usual  arguments  so  effectively  urged  for  the  use 
of  a  liturgy  and  the  authority  of  the  Church;  and,  on  the  other 
side,  the  temper  of  suspicion  and  jealousy  natural  to  the  defend- 
ers of  the  Congregational  order.  That  suspicion  and  jealousy 
were  more  and  more  sharply  directed  against  the  "  Society  for 
the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts  "  (established,  it 
will  be  remembered,  in  1701,  during  the  tolerant  reign  of  Wil- 
liam and  Mary),  which  seemed  to  have  been  turned  from  the  true 
objects  of  missionary  work  into  a  means  for  undermining  and 
ultimately  destroying  the  systein  of  Independency  itself.  Thus 
Dr.  Lardner,  in  a  letter  of  July  1 8,  1 763,  written  to  Jonathan  May- 
hew,  says,  "  The  present  Archbishop  of  York,  then  bishop  of 
St.  Asaph's,  at  Bow  Street  church,  in  his  sermon  to  the  Society, 
.  .  .  told  his  congregation  without  reserve,  that  the  business  of 
that  society  was  not  so  much  to  increase  the  number  of  Chris- 
tians by  conversion  of  the  Indians,  as  to  unite  the  subjects  of 
Great  Britain  in  one  commtiniony  ^ 

Johnson  has  thought  proper  to  write  a  ^  Phips  in  the  absence  of  Shirley  in 

Preface,    and    Mr.     Wetmore     and    Mr.  England  (1749-1753). 

Caner  each  of  them  an  Appendix  to  it."  2  Bradford's  Life  of  Mayhew,  p.  271. 
—  Hobart's  "  Second  Address." 


252  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Now  the  New  England  churches  were  not  only  extremely- 
jealous  of  any  invasion  upon  their  independence,  but  had  very 
much  at  heart  the  conversion  of  the  native  tribes  as  part  of  that 
extension  of  Christ's  kingdom  which  they  conceived  themselves 
especially  commissioned  to  carry  out  upon  this  continent.  Their 
toleration  of  episcopacy,  under  the  new  political  conditions,  may 
have  been  compulsory,  but  it  appears  to  have  been  sincere  so 
long  as  it  was  not  made  the  cover  of  unfriendly  interference. 
Surely,  there  was  work  enough  for  both.  As  early  as  1650, 
there  was  established  a  New  England  "  Society  for  the  Conversion 
of  the  Indians,"  of  which  one  of  the  fruits  was  the  Indian  church 
established  at  Natick,  by  the  Apostle  Eliot,  ten  years  later.  An 
equally  striking  example  of  devotion  and  success  in  this  Chris- 
tianizing work  had  been  in  evidence  for  more  than  a  century  at 
the  period  where  we  are  now  arrived  ;  and  of  this  a  brief  sketch 
may  serve  to  introduce  the  new  phase  of  the  controversy  that 
was  presently  to  follow. 

In  1635  there  settled  as  a  retired  merchant  atWatertown,  Mass., 
one  Thomas  Mayhew,  newly  come  from  England,  a  man  some- 
thing over  forty  years  of  age,^  of  singular  activity  and  courage. 
Six  years  after,  Nantucket,  and  a  little  later  Martha's  Vineyard 
(Capawock),  with  some  of  the  adjacent  islands,  were  granted  by 
the  English  commissioner  at  Albany  to  Thomas  Mayhew  and 
his  son  Thomas,  a  young  preacher,  full  of  missionary  zeal.^ 
The  territories  thus  conveyed  were  inhabited  by  from  three 
to  five  thousand  native  Indians,  more  or  less  under  the  control 
of  the  Wampanoags,  the  tribe  of  Massasoit  and  Philip.  To  their 
instruction  the  son  devoted  himself  for  about  fifteen  years, 
assiduously  learning  their  tongue,  gathering  them  as  he  could 
into  schools  and  churches,  till,  in  1657,  he  was  lost  at  sea  while 
on  his  way  to  England  to  seek  interest  and  help  in  his  labors.^ 

1  The  dates  of  Thomas  Mayhew's  life  steward  of  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges.  Nan- 
are  variously  given.  The  most  precise  tucket,  too  remote  and  scanty  of  re- 
account  says  that  he  died,  in  1682,  ninety  sources,  was  conveyed  in  1659  to  "  the 
years  of  age,  lacking  only  six  days.  Far-  ten  purchasers,"  for  thirty  pounds  ster- 
mer  puts  his  death  in  1681,  at  the  age  of  ling,  "and  also  two  Beaver  Hatts,  one 
92;  Chauncy  (Letter  of  1765)  says  he  for  myselfe  and  one  for  my  Wife," 
was  aged  93  ;  Thomas  Prince  (minister  reserving  one-twentieth  to  the  original 
of  the  Old  South  Church),  in  his  appen-  proprietor.  See  Papers  relating  to  the 
dix  to  Experience  Mayhew's  "Indian  Island  of  Nantucket,  etc  :  Franklin  B. 
Converts,"  says  his  death  was  in  16S1,  in  Hough,  Albany,  1856;  and  2  Mass.  Hist, 
his  93d  year.  Coll.,  iii.  33,  34,  85. 

2  Deeds  of  grant  were  signed  by  James  ^  "  Lying  by  the  side  of  the  highway, 
Forrett  (the  commissioner  sent  by  Lord  some  five  miles  from  Edgartown,  west- 
Sterling),  Oct.  13  and  23,  1641,  the  latter  erly,  is  a  heap  of  many  small  stones  — 
being  confirmed  by  R.  Vines,  of  Saco,  say  of  the  size  of  a  child's  head,  larger 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.       253 

The  father,  who  meanwhile  had  served  his  people  as  a  wise 
and  upright  magistrate/  now  devoted  himself  to  continue  the 
work  his  son  had  begun,  and  at  the  age  of  near  seventy,  having 
learned  familiarly  the  native  dialect,  undertook  the  toilsome  task 
of  teacher  and  preacher  among  the  Indians,  which  he  followed 
for  about  twenty  years,  sometimes  walking  twenty  miles  in  a 
day  through  those  tangled  woods,  —  so  effectively,  that  he  lived 
unarmed  and  peaceful  through  the  great  terror  of  King  Philip's 
war,  the  few  who  listened  to  Philip's  agents  being  easily  held  in 
restraint  by  their  own  people.^  The  work  he  had  thus  nobly 
carried  on  he  left  to  his  grandson  John,  who,  in  1689,  was  min- 
ister to  a  church  containing  one  hundred  native  communicants; 
and  he,  dying  at  an  early  age,  left  it  to  his  son  Experience, 
who  recorded  the  successes  of  the  mission  in  the  biographies  of 
more  than  a  hundred  Indian  converts,  men  and  women,  besides 
preachers  and  children.^  The  work  was  continued  in  the  fifth 
generation  by  his  son  Zachary  (elder  brother  of  the  more  cele- 
brated Jonathan),  who  lived  among  the  dwindling  population 
of  his  charge^  till  his  death  in  1806,  at  the  age  of  eighty-eight. 
Thus  the  mission  established  by  the  Mayhews  continued  in 
their  hands  through  five  generations,  for  a  period  of  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty-four  years.  These  heroic  family  antecedents 
should  be  held  in  view  when  we  come  to  deal  with  the  character 
and  acts  of  the  bold  preacher  at  the  West  Church  in  Boston. 

One  of  the  effects  of  the  discussion  on  the  alleged  encroach- 
ments of  episcopacy,  and  the  perversion  of  trust  funds  from 
their  original  intention,  would  appear  to  be  a  revival  of  zeal  for 
the  conversion  of  the  Indians.  The  war  which  resulted  in  the 
conquest  of  Canada  in  1759,  also,  while  it  greatly  quickened  the 
loyalty  and  English  pride  of  the  New  Englanders,  —  as  we  see 

and  smaller  —  which,  tradition  says,  was  2  g,qq  2  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  iii.  66-87. 

placed  to  mark  the  spot  where  Thomas  ^  Indian  Converts;  or  Some  Account 

Mayhew,  the  apostle  to  the  Indians  on  of   the    lives    and   dying   speeches  of  a 

Martha's   Vineyard,    preached    his   last  considerable   number    of    Christianized 

discourse  to  the   Indians  and  took  his  Indians  of  Martha's  Vineyard,  in  New 

leave  of  them,  to  see  them,  as  it  proved,  England,  by  Experience  Mayhew.     Lon- 

no  more.  .  .  .  The  Indians  for  a  long  don,  1728. 

time,  as  they  passed  the  spot,  would  add  ■*  Now  reduced  to  two  or  three  hun- 
a  stone  to  the  pile  that  marked  the  spot  dred,  mostly  half-breeds,  living  near 
where  last  they  heard  the  sound  of  their  Gay  Head.  See  statistics  of  the  dimin- 
teacher's  voice."  Letter  of  R.  L.  Pease  ishing  numbers  —  they  seem  always  to 
in  Note  to  C.  A.  Bartol's  "Discourse  have  been  a  feeble  folk  —  in  Rev.  S.  A. 
on  Dr.  Mayhew,"  p.  12S.  ("The  West  Devens's  "Sketches  of  Martha's  Vine- 
Church  and  its  Ministers,"  1856  )  yard,"  etc. 

1  He  was  Governor  of  the  Vineyard 
for  nearly  forty  years  (1642-1681.) 


254  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

in  Jonathan  Mayhevv's  political  discourses,  — had  brought  home 
to  them,  as  it  had  not  been  felt  for  many  years  before,  the 
peculiar  horrors  of  Indian  savagery,  and  the  perils  that  always 
lay  in  wait  from  a  barbarian  and  unconverted  foe.  To  both 
these  motives  we  may  ascribe  the  efforts  now  put  forth.  We 
find  in  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Collections^  the  following: 

"  The  origin  of  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  among 
the  Indians  and  others  in  North  America  may  be  traced  back  to  the  year 
1762,  when  a  number  of  gentlemen  associated  for  the  purpose  of  estab- 
lishing a  Society  for  the  promotion  of  Christian  knowledge.  In  prosecu- 
tion of  this  benevolent  and  pious  design,  they  collected  a  considerable 
fund,  and  obtained  from  the  colonial  government  an  act  of  incorpora- 
tion. When  this  act  was  sent  to  England  for  allowance,  the  archbishop 
of  Canterbury  obtaining  a  negative  from  the  King,  it  fell,  of  course,  and 
nothing  more  was  heard  concerning  it  until  after  the  war,  which  estab- 
lished American  independence.  In  1787  a  number  of  gentlemen  in 
Boston  and  the  vicinity  received  a  commission  from  the  Society  in  Scot- 
land for  promoting  Christian  knowledge,  to  superintend  the  funds  of  the 
Society,  which  were  devoted  to  the  purpose  of  Christianizing  the  Indians 
of  America.  The  Board  of  Commissioners,  excited  by  the  exemplary 
zeal  of  their  European  brethren,  revived  the  plan,  which  had  before 
proved  abortive,"  and  were  incorporated  in  November,  1787.^ 

Under  these  circumstances,  it  is  no  wonder  that  the  conduct 
of  the  Society,  or  of  its  officials,  should  be  narrowly  watched, 
and  judged  as  if  its  only  and  proper  business  had  been  missionary 
work  among  the  savages,  or  at  least  in  the  remoter  and  less 
civilized  portions  of  the  continent.  Instead  of  this,  its  most 
conspicuous  "  missionary  "  stations  were  found  to  be  in  Boston, 
Cambridge,  Salem,  Marblehead,  Newbury,  Portsmouth,  Scituate, 
Braintree,  — places,  surely,  not  especially  unprovided  with  Chris- 
tian privileges.  That  episcopalian  societies  should  exist  in  these 
places,  even  if  unwelcome,  could  not  be  complained  of,  if  wor- 
shippers of  that  faith  would  and  could  provide  them  ;  but  that 
they  should  be  subsidized  from  a  fund  that  appealed  to  the  charity 
of  all  Christians  regardless  of  ecclesiastical  lines  of  division,  was 
freely  denounced  as  an  outrage  and  an  abuse  of  trust.  What- 
ever of  accusation  or  defence  was  directed  upon  this  point,  the 
first  thing  to  be  considered,  doubtless,  was  the  precise  commis- 
sion under  which  the  Society  acted.  Antecedently,  it  was  not 
likely  that  a  prince  like  William  of  Orange,  "  bred  up,"  as  May- 

1  2  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  ii.  45.  the  American  society  to  commemorate 

2  See  tne  volume  issued  in   1SS7  by      its  centennial. 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.       255 

hew  aptly  says,^  "  in  the  Calvinistic  principles  and  discipline, 
quite  opposite  in  some  respects  to  the  episcopal,"  who  had, 
as  we  may  say,  just  re-established,  in  the  concessions  made  to 
Increase  Mather,  the  local  and  ecclesiastical  independence  of 
New  England,  —  aided,  too,  by  the  counsels  of  such  prelates 
as  Burnet  and  Tillotson,  —  should  intend  the  dominance,  or 
exclusive  privilege,  of  a  church  which  was  technically  as  much  a 
dissenting  one  in  Massachusetts  as  the  Independents  were  in 
England.  What,  then,  were  the  actual  terms  of  the  charter 
by  which  the  upholders  of  the  Society  had  to  justify  its  action? 
This  question,  on  which  the  whole  ensuing  controversy  turns,  is 
best  answered  by  copying  at  length  the  Preamble  to  the  act  of 
incorporation.     It  is  as  follows :  — 

"  William  the  Third,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  <S:c. 

"  I.  Whereas  we  are  credibly  informed,  that  in  many  of  our  plantations 
colonies  and  factories  beyond  seas,  belonging  to  our  kingdom  of  England, 
the  provision  for  ministers  is  very  mean  ;  and  many  others  of  our  said 
plantations,  colonies  and  factories,  are  wholly  destitute  and  unprovided 
of  a  maintenance  for  ministers  and  the  public  worship  of  God  ;  and  for 
lack  of  support  and  maintenance  for  such,  many  of  our  loving  subjects  do 
want  the  administration  of  God's  word  and  sacraments,  and  seem  to  be 
abandoned  to  atheism  and  infidelity ;  and  also,  for  want  of  learned  and 
orthodox  ministers  to  instruct  our  said  loving  subjects  in  the  principles  of 
true  Religion,  divers  Romish  priests  and  Jesuits  are  the  more  encouraged 
to  pervert  and  draw  over  our  said  loving  subjects  to  Popish  superstition 
and  idolatry ; 

"  II.  And  whereas  we  think  it  our  duty,  as  much  as  in  us  lies,  to  promote 
the  glory  of  God,  by  the  instruction  of  our  people  in  the  Christian 
Religion  ;  and  that  it  will  be  highly  conducive  for  accomplishing  those 
ends,  that  a  sufficient  maintenance  be  provided  for  an  orthodox  clergy  to 
live  amongst  them,  and  that  such  other  provision  be  made,  as  may  be 
necessary  for  the  propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  those  parts  ; 

"  III.  And  whereas  we  have  been  well  assured,  that  if  we  would  be 
graciously  pleased  to  erect  and  settle  a  corporation  for  the  receiving, 
managing  and  disposing  of  the  charity  of  our  loving  subjects,  divers  per- 
sons would  be  induced  to  extend  charity  to  the  uses  and  purposes  afore- 
said ; 

"  IV.  Know  ye  therefore,  that  we  have,  for  the  considerations  aforesaid, 
and  for  the  better  and  more  orderly  carrying  on  of  the  said  charitable 
purposes,"  etc.^ 

In  looking  at  these  terms  of  the  foundation  with  our  present 
knowledge  of  the  dispute  that  arose  upon  them,  we  notice  on 

1  "Observations,"  8cc.  p.  22.  2  Mayhew's  "Observations,"  pp.  17,  18. 


256  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

one  hand  that  nothing  whatever  is  said,  or  imphed,  of  mis- 
sionary work  among  the  Indians  or  elsewhere,  but  only  of 
strengthening  the  provision  already  existing  for  the  support 
of  religious  institutions.  On  the  other  hand,  special  localities 
appear  to  be  had  in  view,  where  the  danger  of  barbarism  or 
irreligion  was  most  threatening,  —  notably  the  remoter  planta- 
tions towards  the  South,  and  the  Canadian  frontier,  where  the 
Jesuits  had  already  made  an  ominous  alliance  with  some  of  the 
most  ferocious  savage  tribes,  and  even  prompted  some  of  their 
most  horrible  atrocities.^  We  notice,  too,  that  the  appeal  is 
made  wholly  to  private  charity,  not  to  state  support;  and,  in 
particular,  that  no  hint  is  given  of  preference  shown  to  the 
Anglican  establishment  as  such,  or  to  the  special  doctrines  of 
any  recognized  Christian  sect.  Here  we  continue  in  the  lan- 
guage of  Dr.  George  E.  Ellis:  — ^ 

"  From  the  plain  and  simple  wording  of  that  preamble  as  well  as  from 
its  mild  and  gentle  spirit,  apart  from  all  ingenuities  of  construction  or 
strained  application  to  objects  or  uses  that  might  subsequently  present 
themselves,  but  which  were  then  unforeseen,  the  following  seem  to  be 
natural  inferences. 

"  That  the  Society  was  incorporated  in  the  interests  of  a  common  and 
generous  Christian  Charity ;  that  it  had  no  sectarian  design,  no  ends 
of  Proselytism ;  that  it  raised  no  issue  between  Protestants,  but  indeed 
put  them  on  an  united  defence  against  Atheism,  infidelity,  popery,  and 
Jesuitism  ;  that  its  Christian  Charity  in  providing  for  religious  teachers,  for 
public  worship,  and  for  the  administration  of  the  Sacraments  was  to  be 
exercised  either  in  places  wholly  destitute  of,  or  only  meanly  and  inade- 
quately supplied  with  them,  like  fishery  or  trading  stations,  poor  and 
sparse  frontier  settlements,  or  impoverished  plantations  ;  and  finally  that 
no  reference  whatever  was  made  to  any  special  interest  exclusively  of 
the  Church  of  England,  so  that  charitable  persons  among  the  English 
dissenters  might  not  only  have  been  donors  to  the  fund,  as  they  were,  but 
also  managers  of  the  corporation. 

•■'The  deplorable  condition  of  the  Church  and  its  ministers  in  the 
Southern  Colonies,  where  it  was  established  by  law,  and  was  under  the 
regular  administration  and  patronage  of  English  Governors  and  Vestry- 
men, might  well  have  engaged  the  interposition  and  the  zeal  of  the  Society. 
Certainly,  in  all  candor,  the  reader  of  our  colonial  and  provincial  annals 
may  well  say  that  the  ecclesiastical  history  of  Virginia,  as  commented  upon 
by  Episcopalian  writers,  makes  the  saddest  and  most  disgraceful  dis- 
closures of  incompetency,  immorality,  and  utter  profanity  in  holy  things 
that  are  to  be  found  in  the  religious  chronicles  of  the  new  world. 

1  See  examples  in  Parkman's  "  Jesuits  2  From  a  manuscript  lecture  on  "  The 
in  North  America."  Episcopal  Controversy." 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.       257 

"  Everything  at  issue  in  the  sharp  controversy  which  ensued  concerning 
the  action  of  this  Society  depended  upon  the  question  whether  the  infer- 
ences which  I  have  stated  were  fair  ones,  and  so  furnished  principles  by 
which  CongregationaHsts  and  Presbyterians  in  Massachusetts  and  Connecti- 
cut might  argue  when  they  complained  of  grievances  in  the  conduct  of  the 
agents  of  the  Society.  The  reference  in  the  Preamble  to  Romish  priests 
and  Jesuits  takes  its  significance  from  the  experience  which  the  people  of 
the  Provinces  had  had  on  their  frontiers,  and  in  their  wars  with  the 
French.  Candor  requires  here  the  recognition  of  the  fact  that  nothing  is 
intimated  in  the  Preamble  about  missions  to  Indians  and  slaves.  This 
fact  is  important,  because  in  the  subsequent  controversy,  some  assailants 
of  the  course  of  the  Society  implied  that  such  were  among  its  intended 
charter  objects.  Bishop  Butler,  in  preaching  before  the  Society  in  1739, 
had  said,  '  Our  design  is  undoubtedly  good,  as  we  wish  all  pious  men 
of  every  denomination  to  join  with  us.'  If  any  dissenters  yielded  to  this 
appeal,  they  certainly  could  not  have  even  anticipated  the  use  which 
would  be  made  of  some  of  the  funds.  Much  earlier  than  that.  Bishop 
Beveridge,  in  a  sermon  before  the  Society,  said  (i  706), '  We  must  take  care 
that  our  zeal  be  according  to  knowledge  in  our  efforts  to  spread  the  gospel ; 
not  for  any  private  opinions  or  party;  not  for  either  side  of  a  doubtful 
disputation,  or  for  mere  tradition,  wherein  some  are  apt  to  spend  all  their 
zeal  and  labours,  and  have  none  left  for  what  is  truly  the  great  object,  and 
that  is  to  induce  men  to  embrace  and  obey  the  Gospel.' 

"  The  device  on  the  seal  of  the  Society  has  an  important  bearing  on  its 
original  design.  This  seal  represents  a  rising  sun  on  the  upper  side  of  the 
circle.  To  the  right  is  a  ship  under  full  sail,  a  clergyman  standing  on  the 
prow  and  extending  out  his  hand  with  a  Bible  towards  a  company  of 
naked  savages  eagerly  rushing  towards  him  from  the  shore  on  the  left,  — 
the  motto  being  from  St.  Paul :  '  Come  over  and  help  us  '  —  '  Transiens, 
adjuva  nos.^ 

"  Dr.  Seeker,  afterwards  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  when  Bishop  of 
Oxford,  had  preached  before  the  Society  in  1740-1,  a  sermon  in  which 
he  said  that  the  Society  was  established,  '  first  for  the  support  of  Chris- 
tianity in  our  colonies  and  factories  abroad  ;  then,  for  the  propagation  of 
it  amongst  the  heathens  intermixed  with  tliem  and  bordering  upon 
them.'     He  thus  describes  the  field,  — 

"  'The  first  European  inhabitants  —  too  many  of  them,  carried  but  little 
sense  of  Christianity  abroad  with  them.  A  great  part  of  the  rest  suffered  it 
to  wear  out  gradually,  and  their  children  grew  of  course  to  have  yet  less  than 
they,  till  in  some  countries  there  were  scarce  any  footsteps  of  it  left,  beyond 
the  mere  name.  No  teacher  was  known,  no  religious  assembly  was  held  ; 
the  Lord's  day  distinguished  only  by  more  general  dissoluteness ;  the 
sacrament  of  baptism  not  administered  for  near  twenty  years  together,  nor 
that  of  the  Lord's  Supper  for  near  sixty,  amongst  many  thousands  of  people 
who  did  not  deny  the  obligation  of  these  duties,  but  lived  notwithstanding 
in  a  stupid  neglect  of  them.     Such  was  the  state  of  things  in  more  of 

VOL.  II.  — 17 


258  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

our  colonies  than  one  ;  and  where  it  was  a  little  better,  it  was,  however, 
lamentably  bad.' 

"  Yet  in  1 761  that  Society  had  only  five  missionaries  in  all  North  Car- 
olina, and  it  had  thirty  in  the  most  populous  and  well  provided  towns  of 
New  England.  Dr.  Bearcroft,  in  a  sermon  preached  before  the  Missionary 
Society  in  1 744,  spoke  of  its  '  charity  as  designed  to  bring  back  their 
brethren  in  America  to  good  manners  and  a  Christian  life.' 

"The  incident  which  opened  the  public  controversy  on  this  subject 
was  as  follows  ;  In  1763,  February  11,  there  died  in  Braintree  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Miller,  Episcopal  missionary  and  Rector  of  a  very  small  society  in 
that  town.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1722,  and  had  been 
ordained  in  England  in  1727.  An  offensive  article  concerning  the  small- 
ness  of  his  flock  and  uselessness  of  his  mission  appeared  after  his  funeral. 
There  was  then  residing  and  preaching  at  Cambridge,  as  another  mission- 
ary of  the  Society,  the  Rev.  East  Apthorp,  a  son  of  one  of  the  richest 
merchants  in  Boston,  scholar  of  the  Boston  Latin  School,  who  had  com- 
pleted his  education  at  Cambridge  in  England,  at  Jesus  College,  of  which 
he  was  afterwards  a  Fellow,  and  returning  here  had  married  a  sister  of 
Gov.  Hutchinson.  He  was  a  cultivated  and  scholarly  man.  He  built 
the  finest  dwelling-house  in  Cambridge ;  and  when  the  College  Library 
was  burned,  he  most  kindly  obtained  from  the  Missionary  Society  which 
sent  him,  a  gift  of  ^100  for  its  renewal.  He  said  he  had  been  treated 
well  by  the  College  and  the  town.  His  stay  here  was  short,  only  from 
i759-'64.  He  returned  to  England  in  1765,  and  spent  a  long  and 
honoured  life  in  his  profession.  His  pen  was  engaged  to  answer  the 
newspaper  censure  on  Dr.  Miller  of  Braintree,  and  on  the  course  of  the 
Society  in  its  missions." 

"  His  Defence,"  Dr.  Ellis  goes  on  to  say,  "was  well-intended, 
but  was  thought  quite  unsatisfactory."  His  main  contention 
might  easily  enough  be  granted,  that  *'  the  Indian  conversions 
are  only  subordinate  to  their  principal,  most  excellent,  and  com- 
prehensive object,  that  of  giving  a//  the  British  subjects  on  this 
vast  continent  the  means  of  public  Religion."  But  he  immedi- 
ately weakens  his  position  by  the  assertion  that,  as  the  charter 
was  obtained  by  members  of  the  Church  of  England,  the  phrase 
an  orthodox  clergy  "  must  in  all  reasonable  construction  mean  a 
clergy  of  their  own  church  ;  "  so  that  "  this  is  the  primary  and 
main  intention  of  incorporating  that  Society,  namely,  the  main- 
taining Episcopal  Ministers  in  the  colonies,  for  the  support  of 
public  worship  among  the  English  subjects  in  our  Provinces,  in 
the  most  populous  and  settled  parts  of  the  continent,  where  they 
may  be  most  useful  "  (p.  11).  Further,  while  the  style  of  the 
pamphlet  is  in  general  moderate  and  fair,  and  while  its  argument 
(p.  20)  from  the  ill-success  of  missionary  efTorts   among  the 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.       259 

Indians  of  the  frontier  is  really  unanswerable,  it  gave  gratuitous 
offence  — if  unconscious,  so  much  the  worse  for  the  unintended 
insult  —  on  two  extremely  tender  points.  Speaking  of  the 
opportunities  of  Christian  instruction  already  open  to  English 
subjects,  Mr.  Apthorp  says  (p.  14),  "The  means  of  public 
Religion  are  NO  means  to  him  whose  conscience  cannot  use  or 
does  not  approve  them,  no  more  than  Popery  or  Mahometanism 
afford  the  means  of  Religion  to  a  good  Protestant  who  happens 
to  reside  in  Popish  or  Mahometan  countries."  Again,  in  speak- 
ing of  the  asserted  benefits  of  the  episcopal  mission,  he  puts 
forth  this  surprising  claim  (p.  17)  :  "  Religion  no  longer  wears 
among  us  that  savage  and  gloomy  appearance  with  which  Super- 
stition had  terribly  arrayed  her;  its  speculative  doctrines  are 
freed  from  those  senseless  horrors  with  which  Fanaticism  had 
perverted  them;  Hypocrisy  has  worn  off  in  proportion  as  men 
have  seen  the  beauty  of  Holiness  ;  and  above  all,  that  exterminating 
monster  Persecution  is  itself  exterminated  from  the  temper  and 
practice  of  the  age."  And  there  was  an  unfortunate  air  of  de- 
fiance in  his  citing  (p.  13),  for  the  justification  of  the  Society,  the 
text:  "  Is  it  not  lawful  for  me  to  do  what  I  will  with  mine  own?  " 
when  the  question  was  of  fidelity  in  administering  a  public  trust. 
If  Mr.  Apthorp's  language  was  in  general  that  of  a  scholar  and 
a  gentleman,  and  if  in  this  respect  it  contrasts  favorably  with 
much  that  was  said  on  the  other  side,  at  least  that  contrast  is 
largely  accounted  for  by  such  passages  as  those  here  quoted. 

Mr.  Apthorp's  pamphlet  was  followed,  in  the  same  year,  by: 
I.  "Observations  on  the  charter  and  conduct  of  the  Society," 
etc.,  by  Jonathan  Mayhew,  D.  D.  (pp.  176) ;  2.  "  A  Candid  Ex- 
amination of  Dr.  Mayhew's  Observations,"  etc.  (pp.  93  :  anony- 
mous, but  understood  to  have  been  composed  chiefly  by  Rev. 
Henry  Caner) ;  3.  "  A  Defence  of  the  Observations  against 
an  anonymous  Pamphlet  entitled,"  etc.,  by  Jonathan  Mayhew 
(pp.  144).  The  next  year  was  published,  in  London,  "  An 
Answer  to  Dr.  Mayhew's  Observations,"  etc.,  understood  to 
have  been  written  by  Archbishop  Seeker  (pp.  59) ;  and  in  Boston, 
"  Remarks  on  an  Anonymous  Tract,  entitled,  etc.,  being  a 
Second  Defence,  by  Jonathan  Mayhew  "  (pp.  86).  A  "  Review  " 
of  the  controversy,  by  Mr.  Apthorp,  was  published  in  1765. 
These  documents  make,  with  the  "  Considerations,"  the  so- 
called  Mayhew  Controversy. 

The  real  matter  of  concern  was  not  as  to  the  abuse  of  a  par- 
ticular trust  fund,  but  whether  the  alleged  abuse  did  not  cover 
some  deeper  and  more  far-reaching  design.     Was  there  a  plan, 


26o  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

it  was  asked,  to  establish  episcopacy  in  New  England,  with  its 
equipment  of  official  and  political  support?  "  If,"  writes  Dr. 
Ezra  Stiles  of  Newport,  "  they  can  play  off  upon  us  our  artil- 
lery of  charity,  benevolence,  and  peace,  while  they  are  open 
and  bold  in  asserting  their  own  cause,  our  churches  are  truly 
in  great  danger."  ^  He  urges  upon  Mayhew,  then  at  the  age 
of  forty-three,  at  the  height  of  his  fame  as  minister  of  the 
West  Church,  to  carry  out  the  purpose  he  is  understood  to 
have  in  mind,  of  publishing  a  reply  to  Apthorp's  pamphlet; 
or  if  not,  to  let  him  know,  —  as  if  he  had  some  thought  of  doing 
it  himself.  Mayhew's  family  antecedents,  of  which  something 
has  been  already  told,  together  with  his  repute  as  a  ready,  bold, 
and  eloquent  preacher,  of  marked  promptitude  and  daring  to 
seize  the  instant  occasion  for  appeal  to  the  popular  mind  on  any 
topic  of  public  interest,  pointed  him  out  as  the  champion  of 
threatened  Independency.  His  opponents  described  him  as  "  a 
rough,  ludicrous,  and  audacious  man,  equally  disliked  by  most 
of  the  dissenters  and  us,  and  equally  an  enemy  to  the  trinity,  to 
loyalty,  and  to  episcopacy."  Yet,  as  we  are  told,  during  the 
sickness  which  preceded  his  early  death,  "  some  of  the  episcopal 
clergy  in  Boston  composed  affectionate  and  charitable  collects 
on  the  occasion."  ^  Certainly,  there  could  have  been  found  no 
more  ardent  and  loyal  defender  of  that  ecclesiastical  system  of  the 
first  founders  of  New  England,  in  which  he  had  himself  been 
trained.^     To  continue  in  the  words  of  Dr.  Ellis  :  — 

"  Jonathan  Mayhew,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1744,  had  in  1747  been 
ordained  Pastor  of  the  West  Church,  which  then  had  a  membership  of 
many  prominent  men.  Their  Pastor  was  a  man  of  very  marked  genius, 
and  very  bold,  free  and  independent  —  heretical  withal,  so  that  there  was 
a  difficulty  about  his  ordination,  and  he  stood  outside  of  the  ministerial 
association  of  his  brethren,  and  did  not  take  his  turn  in  the  famous  Thurs- 
day Lecture.  He  was  the  first  of  our  ministers  to  win  European  fame, 
and  the  first  to  preach  here  substantially  the  views  afterwards  known  by 
the  tide  of  '  Unitarian.'  The  Patriots  of  the  Revolution  lamented  his 
early  death  [in  1766]  at  the  age  of  46,  just  before  the  opening  struggle, 
as  they  had  learned  to  count  much  upon  his  courageous  advocacy  of 
civil  and  religious  freedom. 

"  Writing  to  Dr.  Avery,  of  London,  Dr.  Mayhew  says,  '  I  have  ventured 
to  send  you  a  discourse,  which  I  published  about  the  time  that  the  Epis- 
copal clergy  here  are  often  seized  with  a  strange  sort  of  frenzy,  which  I 
know  not  how  to  describe,  unless  it  be  by  one  or  two  of  its  most  remark- 

1  Letter  of  1763,  in  Bradford's  Life  of  ^  See,  especially,  Section  V.  of  his 
Mayhew,  p.  246.  "  Observations,"  pp.  38-50. 

2  Ibid.,  p.  431. 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.       261 

able  symptoms.  These  are,  preaching  passive  obedience,  worshipping 
King  Charles  I.,  and  cursing  the  dissenters  and  puritans  for  murdering 
him.'  ^  In  that  sermon  Dr.  Mayhew  says  he  had  been  led  to  reflect  on 
the  subject  before  the  30th  of  January,  because  on  that  day  the  slavish 
doctrine  of  passive  obedience  and  of  non-resistance  was  warmly  asserted, 
and  all  dissenters  from  the  Eiiglish  church  were  represented,  not  only  as 
schismatics,  but  also  as  persons  of  seditious,  traitorous,  and  rebellious 
principles.  He  rejoices,  he  says,  in  giving  '  some  broad  hints  that  he  is 
engaged  on  the  side  of  liberty,  the  Bible  and  common  sense,  in  opposition 
to  tyranny,  priest-craft  and  nonsense,  without  danger  of  the  Bastile  or  the 
inquisition.'  He  seems  to  have  had  an  equally  poor  opinion  of  White- 
field,  of  whom  he  wrote  :  '  When  he  was  lately  in  Boston,  many  persons 
attended  him,  but  chiefly  of  the  more  illiterate  sort,  except  some  who 
went  out  of  curiosity.  I  heard  him  once  ;  and  it  was  as  low,  confused, 
puerile,  conceited,  ill-natured,  enthusiastic  a  performance  as  I  ever 
heard.'  - 

"  Dr.  Mayhew  wrote  three  substantial  pamphlets  relating  to  the  Epis- 
copal controversy  here.  What  he  charged  was  the  gross  perversion  of 
the  funds  and  efforts  of  a  charitable  missionary  Society,  designed  for  the 
neglected  and  the  irreligious,  to  purposes  of  proselytism  and  fomenting 
discord  in  the  parishes  of  Massachusetts.  Never  were  the  tables  more 
effectually  turned  in  a  religious  revolution  than  here  and  then.  Those 
zealous  Bible  Christians,  whose  ancestors,  dissenters,  and  exiles  to  a 
wilderness,  had  set  up  the  Gospel  here,  had  come  to  feel  that  they  had 
an  Established  Church  of  their  own.  Indeed  it  was  stoutly  pleaded  that 
in  many  of  the  Province  laws  about  the  support  of  religion  and  piety, 
which  the  King  had  approved,  the  Massachusetts  churches  were  described 
as  '  Established  Churches.'  The  people  felt  that  they  had  no  more  need 
of  an  English  bishop  than  they  had  of  an  English  Governor,  nor  of  a 
surpliced  priest  than  of  a  red-coated  soldier,  and  that  the  only  use 
of  either  would  be  to  give  prestige  to  royalty,  and  to  demoralize  the 
country. 

"  Of  course,  therefore,  Dr.  Mayhew  moved  a  mighty  lever  when  he 
brought  the  doings  of  the  English  Society,  according  to  his  way  of  rep- 
resenting them,  before  an  excited  and  jealous  people.  He  stoutly  main- 
tained that  the  funds  and  efforts  of  the  Society  were  shamefully  perverted, 
mainly  through  force  of  false  representations  sent  from  here  by  a  few 
persons  as  to  the  need  of  an  Episcopal  minister,  and  the  success  of  their 
labors.  He  argued  from  the  Charter  of  the  Society  and  its  seal,  and  from 
some  of  the  early  sermons  preached  before  it  in  London,  that  the  heathen 

^  Referring  to  a  sermon  preached  Jan-  warmth  of  his  English  loyalty,  maybe 
uary  30,  1750,  the  anniversary  of  the  mentioned  those  on  the  death  of  Fred- 
execution  of  Charles  I.  erick  Prince  of  Wales  (1751),  the  British 

2  Among  other  of  his  discourses,  illus-  conquest  of  Canada  (1760),  and  the  elec- 

trating  at  once  the  freedom  of  his  political  tion  of  Governor   Shirley  (1754);  also 

opinions,  his  popular  temper,   and   the  that  on  the  great  Boston  fire  of  1760. 


262  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

were  the  primary  objects  of  its  care,  and  were  now  wholly  neglected,  while 
the  Society  in  twenty-five  years  had  expended  ^^35,000  on  its  missions. 
He  showed  that  the  articles  of  faith  of  the  Massachusetts  churches  were 
the  same  as  those  of  the  English  Church,  and  that  they  were  faithfully 
taught.  He  quoted  an  anniversary  sermon  before  the  Society  preached 
by  a  Bishop  [of  St.  Asaph's],  in  which  the  Bishop  had  complained  of 
Papists  pursuing  the  same  offensive  course  towards  English  churchmen 
to  the  neglect  of  heathen  and  infidels,  as  the  churchmen  were  pursuing 
towards  Massachusetts.  He  also  quoted  from  Dr.  Bray,  an  early  mis- 
sionary of  the  Society,  sent  over  here  to  explore  the  whole  field,  who 
reported  that  Massachusetts  had  no  need  of  its  missionaries. 

"  Then  Dr.  Mayhew  proceeded  to  show  that  there  was  not  only  no 
need  of  such  missionaries  in  the  orderly  and  well-provided  towns  of  Massa- 
chusetts, where  they  were  planted,  but  also  that  their  presence  here  was 
brought  about  by  false  representations  ;  that  they  sent  home  exaggerated 
accounts  of  their  numbers  and  success  ;  that  they  were  arrogant  and 
assuming,  as  if  they  had  the  realm  and  hierarchy  of  England  to  back 
them  against  poor  dissenters ;  that  they  fomented  discord  in  the  Con- 
gregational parishes,  and  were  availed  of  by  irreligious  and  disaffected 
men,  who  were  in  no  sense  Episcopalians,  to  weaken  and  oppose  the 
general  interests  of  Christian  order  and  piety.  In  the  town  of  Braintree, 
for  instance,  it  appeared  that  there  resided  an  English  family  of  some 
means  and  influence,  employing  several  laborers.  The  head  of  the 
family  had  some  variance  with  the  Congregational  minister  and  a  number 
of  his  parishioners.  An  appeal  was  then  made  from  Braintree  to  the 
'Venerable  Society,'  for  a  resident  church  missionary,  backed  by  state- 
ments that  '  many  famiUes  '  were  craving  such  ministration.  Mr.  Apthorp 
had  written  from  Cambridge  that  Fifty  families  wished  for  a  church. 
But  he  never  gathered  even  Ten.  Also,  Mr.  Commissary  Price  was  proved 
to  have  practised  gross  deception  in  getting  signatures  as  if  from  actual 
residents  of  Hopkinton,  petitioning  for  a  church  there. 

"  As  churches  founded  on  these  exaggerated  reports  of  need  and  prom- 
ised success  were  very  small  and  feeble  and  unwelcome,  of  course  the 
missionary  ministers  and  the  scanty  members  of  them  were  naturally 
prompted  to  use  every  means,  fair  or  unfair,  to  strengthen  themselves 
in  membership.  This  could  be  effected  only  to  the  injury  of  the  Con- 
gregational churches,  by  breeding  disaffection  in  towns  and  villages,  and 
by  opening  superficial  but  inflamed  controversies. 

"  On  the  other  hand,  the  anonymous  answerers  of  Mayhew  argued  : 
that  the  funds  and  efforts  of  the  Society  had  not  been  perverted  ;  that 
the  Indians  and  heathen  were  not  mentioned  in  the  Charter,  and  could 
only  inferentially  be  regarded  as  its  objects ;  that  there  had  always  been 
Episcopalians  here,  who  had  been  taxed  and  oppressed  by  the  Congre- 
gationalists,  though  the  Church  of  England  was  by  law  established  in  the 
Colonies  and  Plantations  as  in  the  Realm  ;  that  there  were  persons  here 
who  would  receive  no  other  than  the  Church  ministrations,  and  were  en- 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.       263 

titled  to  them,  and  that  the  candid  reading  of  church  books  had  won  over 
many  more  to  its  communion ;  that  many  disaffected  and  unsatisfied,  but 
conscientious  and  good  Christian  people,  had  fallen  off  from  or  been 
excluded  from  the  Congregational  societies,  and  were  proper  objects  of 
church  sympathy  and  proselytism  ;  that  the  old  order  had  been  broken 
up  by  dissensions  in  parishes,  and  by  disgusts  created  by  Whitefield  and 
other  itinerants  and  enthusiasts ;  and  that  the  ministers  of  the  Church  of 
England,  in  their  dignified  and  more  reasonable  dispensation  of  the  Gos- 
pel, were  religious  benefactors. 

"  As  to  the  need  of  Bishops  here,  the  Episcopalian  ministers  argued 
that  they  had  to  cross  the  ocean,  antl  go  and  come  six  thousand  miles  to 
obtain  ordination,  and  that  they  desired  two  or  more  bishops  for  resi- 
dence in  this  country,  where  it  might  be  convenient.  These  bishops 
were  to  have  no  concern  with  any  but  their  own  people ;  they  were  not, 
as  in  England,  to  try  matrimonial  nor  testamentary  causes,  nor  to  have  any 
civil  authority,  but  simply  to  ordain  and  confirm  and  look  after  their  own 
clergy.  The  Society  had  sent  Mr.  Keith  as  its  missionary  here  in  1702, 
to  make  a  thorough  inquiry  as  to  the  state  of  things.  After  travelling 
here  two  years,  he  reported  that  he  had  '  found  many  in  divers  parts  of 
New  England  well  affected  to  the  Church,  and  several  Congregational 
ministers  wanting  Episcopal  ordination.' " 

A  few  extracts  from  the  "  Candid  Examination  "  will  give  a 
fair  notion  of  its  style  and  temper:  — 

"  If,"  it  says,  "  Dr.  Mayhew  had  counted  on  the  silence  of  his  opponents 
on  the  ground  that  his  writing  is  '  too  intemperately  managed  to  deserve 
the  notice  of  either  a  Gentleman  or  a  Scholar,  he  had  thought  as  other 
men  do  ;  for  .  .  .  Every  gentleman  who  has  had  a  liberal  and  polite 
education,  thinks  it  beneath  his  character  to  enter  the  lists  with  one  who 
observes  no  measure  of  decency  or  good  manners,  nay,  who  does  not 
scruple  to  sacrifice  the  meek  &  gentle  spirit  of  the  Gospel  to  the  gratifica- 
tion of  a  licentious  &  ungovern'd  temper"  (p.  i). 

It  charges  Mayhew  with  borrowing  a  large  part  of  his  argu- 
ment from  Mr.  Hobart,  saying  that,  excepting  personalities, 
"  there  appears  little  else  throughout  his  observations,  besides 
a  servile  copying  of  that  curious  piece  of  defamation  "  (p.  19) ; 
and  makes  a  sharp  point  by  contrasting  his  controversial  style, 
in  parallel  columns  running  over  six  pages  (pp.  70-76)  with  his 
professions  of  what  he  calls  his  own  "  aversion  to  controversy." 
It  goes  on  to  argue :  — 

"  (i)  That  what  the  Doctor  calls  the  churches  of  New  England  are 
not  established  in  the  colonies ;  and  (2)  that  the  Church  of  England  is, 
and  all  along  has  been  established  here"  (p.  27)  ;  and  argues  from  the 
oath  prescribed  in  5  Queen  Anne,  c.  5,  for  Royal  coronation  :  "  to  main- 


264  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

tain  and  preserve  inviolably  the  said  settlement  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, &c.,  &c.,  as  by  law  established  within  the  kingdoms  of  England  and 
Ireland,  the  dominion  of  Wales  and  town  of  Berwick  upon  Tweed,  and 
the  territories  thereunto  belonging  "  (p.  37). 

It  deals  at  length  (pp.  39-46)  with  the  question  of  the  charter, 
specifying  the  missionary  work  of  the  Society  amongst  the 
Indians ;  and  then  gives  a  brief  sketch  of  the  Brownists  in  Eng- 
land and  the  Independents  at  Plymouth,  asserting  that  — 

"as  to  the  first  settlers  of  the  colony  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay,  under- 
stood as  posterior  to,  and  distinct  from  that  of  Plymouth,  they  plainly 
acted  as  other  men  usually  do  upon  like  occasions,  from  hopes  of  increas- 
ing their  estates,  and  providing  an  ample  inheritance  for  their  children," 

quoting  their  farewell  letter  from  the  "  Arbella,"  in  which  they 
speak  of  themselves  — 

"  as  those  who  esteem  it  our  honour  to  call  the  Church  of  England,  from 
whence  we  rise,  our  dear  mother  .  .  .  blessing  God  for  the  parentage 
and  education,  as  members  of  the  same  body." 

"  A  short  Vindication  of  the  Society,"  appended  in  the  form 
of  a  letter  by  one  of  its  members,  Samuel  Johnson,^  is  of  interest 
from  the  sketch  it  gives  of  the  growth  of  episcopacy  in  New 
England  and  its  true    causes,  — 

"  particularly,  that  monstrous  enthusiasm  that  was  at  first  mightily  en- 
couraged by  themselves  [the  sects]  fifteen  or  twenty  years  ago,  in  conse- 
quence of  Mr.  WhitefiehVs  rambling  over  the  country,  once  and  again, 
followed  by  a  great  many  strolling  teachers,  who  propagated  so  many  wild 
and  horrid  notions  of  God  and  the  gospel,  that  a  multitude  of  people  were 
so  bewildered  that  they  could  find  no  rest  to  the  sole  of  their  foot,  till 
they  took  refuge  in  the  church  as  the  only  ark  of  safety  "  (pp.  84-86). 

The  letter  ridicules  with  effective  sarcasm  the  "  dismal  pannic  " 
expressed  by  Mayhew  at  the  prospect  of  ecclesiastical  tyranny: 

"  In  truth,  sir,  we  do  not  aim  at  anything  but  to  live  with  you  in  quiet  and 
charitable  neighbourhood  ;  we  have  not  the  least  desire  of  an  episcopate 

1  Samuel  Johnson,  "  the  father  of  Epis-  mainder  of  his  professional  life  at  Stam- 

copacy  in  Connecticut,"  was  born  at  Gull-  ford,    where    he    had    been     appointed 

ford,  in  that  province,  in  1696  ;  graduated  missionary  in  1723,  till  his  death  in  1772. 

at  Yale  College  (till  then  at  Saybrook)  ( The     College    Courant,     New     Haven, 

in    17 14;   settled   as   minister   at    West  March   8,    1873)      Dr.    Cutler,    one   of 

Haven  in   1720,  having  then  doubts  of  Johnson's  associates  at  Yale  and  rector 

the  validity  of  presbyterian  ordination  ;  of  Christ  Church,  Boston,  is   supposed 

embraced  episcopacy  with  six  others,  offi-  also  to  have  shared  the  authorship   of 

cers  and  fellows  of  Yale  College,  in  1722,  the  "Candid  Examination"  (Bradford's 

and    sought    reordination    in    England,  Life  of  Mayhew,  pp.  279-280.) 
with  Browne  and  Cutler;  was  president         See  also  a«^^,  vol.i.  chap,  viii.,  particu- 

of  King's  (now  Columbia)  College,  N.  Y.,  larly  p.  321 ;   and  Documents  relathtg  io 

from  June,  1754  to  1763;  spent  the  re-  the  Colonial  History  of  New  York,passim. 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.       265 

that  should  have  anything  to  do  with  you,  or  at  all  interfere  with  any  of 
your  proceedings,  or  make  any  alterations  among  you,  in  church  or  state  " 
(p.  89). 

In  Mayhew's  "  Defence  of  the  Observations,"  published  dur- 
ing the  same  year,^  he  first  complains  that  he  has  been  attacked 
after  the  Indian  method :  — 

"  There  has  been  one  pop  after  another  at  me,  in  succession,  for  three 
or  four  months ;  from  whom  or  whence  I  was  as  much  at  a  loss,  as  the 
troops  near  the  Monongahela  were,  when  so  many  brave  Britons  fell  a 
sacrifice  to  invisible  savages.  But  these  warriors  of  the  church  militant, 
whose  fire  I  have  so  long  sustained,  and  who,  while  they  were  too  modest 
to  shew  their  heads,  have  sufficiently  exposed  the  malevolence  of  their 
hearts,  differ  very  much  from  the  savages  in  one  material  point :  they  are 
far  from  being  equally  good  marksmen  ;  they  have  not  taken  a  right  aim. 
Most  of  them,  indeed,  have  discharged  little  besides  mud  and  dirt  at  me, 
from  which  no  execution  could  be  expected  :  And  accordingly,  I  find 
myself  at  last,  not  wounded,  but  only  bespattered  "  (p.  3). 

As  to  the  complaint  of  members  of  the  Church  of  England 
"that  they  are  unreasonably  taxed  for  the  support  of  divine 
worship  in  the  manner  established  by  the  laws  of  this  Province," 
&c.,  he  shows  that  — 

"  By  a  perpetual  law  of  this  government  they  were  [in  1742]  exempted 
from  taxes  (An.  Geo.  II.,  dec.  sex.  c.  8)  for  support  of  ministers  not  of 
their  own  denomination.  The  governor  received  the  thanks  of  the  then 
Bishop  of  London  for  his  service  therein ;  as  having  contributed  his 
endeavours  to  relieve  the  members  of  the  Church  of  England  from  an 
inconvenience  or  hardship  (not  from  an  illegal  oppression),  which  they  had 
long  labor'd  under"  (pp.  49,  50). 

The  larger  part  of  Mayhew's  "Defence"  consists  of  a  more 
measured  and  studied  repetition  of  the  original  charges,  and 
vindication  of  his  own  freedom  of  speech.  Its  most  labored  and 
valuable  portion  reviews  the  whole  argument  on  the  alleged 
establishment  of  episcopacy  in  New  England,  and  explains  the 
sense  in  which  the  colonial  churches  are  said  to  be  "estab- 
lished ;  "  adding  a  full  vindication  of  "  the  state  of  religion  in 
New  England"  (pp.  37-95).  The  remainder  of  the  pamphlet  is 
mostly  taken  up  with  questions  and  retorts  purely  personal, 
including  a  vigorous  but  too  petulant  rejoinder  to  the  Johnson 
letter,  in  which  one  regrets  to  notice  that  he  twits  the  doctor 
with  senility,  he  being  then  at  the  advanced  age  of  sixty-seven ! 

1  A  Defence  of  the  Observations,  etc.,  against  A  Candid  Examination,  Boston  : 
1763- 


266  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

It  may  not  be  amiss  to  give  here  one  or  two  specimens  of  the 
style  of  abuse  called  out  by  Mayhevv's  exceeding  plainness  of 
speech.  In  "  Remarks  by  a  Son  of  the  Church  of  England"^ 
(Rev.  Arthur  Browne)  we  find  the  following :  — 

"These  and  such  like  were  the  fanatic  ravings  of  his  predecessors  the 
Oliverian  holders-fortli,  whose  spittle  he  hath  licked  up,  and  coughed  it 
out  again,  with  some  addition  of  his  own  filth  and  phlegm"  (p.  24). 

"  Unless  it  be  thought  that  there  is  some  strange  malignant  quality  in 
paper  and  letters,  which  is  offensive  to  the  Deity  (p.  29)  .  .  .  Devout 
prayers,  not  read  to  God  !  All  sensible,  unprejudiced  men  will  allow,  't  is 
infinitely  more  decent,  and  more  conducive  to  devotion,  to  read  them  to 
him  than,  for  want  of  a  ready  utterance  or  conception,  to  hum  and  ha, 
and  stammer  them  out  to  him,  as,  1  am  told,  this  author  does,  to  the 
great  pain  of  his  audience." 

A  single-page  "  Advertisement "  bound  up  in  a  copy  of  the 
volume  of  Mayhew's  "Observations"  in  the  Harvard  College 
Library  is  full  of  venom  against  "  A  certain  Jonatlian  Mayhew, 
an  independent  Holder-forth  in  Boston,"  ..."  a  most  despic- 
able fanatic":  — 

*'  The  Artifice  which  the  contemptible  wretch  uses  to  hide  himself  is 
not  less  infamous  than  his  other  Practices  against  Decency  and  Truth.  " 

"  Are  you  not  a  very  dirty  Fellow,  Jonathan,  for  a  Teacher?  Are  you 
not  ashamed  to  publish  such  ragmannerly  Stuff  on  Monday,  after  holding 
forth  with  solemn  Hiccough  on  Sunday?" 

The  following  rhymed  lampoon  may  be  included  in  the  list^:  — 

"  Whilst  Britain   led  by  Royal  George, 
New  Blessings  doth  dispense  ; 
And  where  her  Sword  and  Treasure  sav'd, 
Spreads  Learning,  Truth  and  Sense, 

Ungrateful  Mayhew's  desperate  Hand, 

Foul  Libels  dares  to  write  ; 
To  prove  her  Charities  are  Crimes, 

Her  Favors  all  a  Bite. 

Thou  who  can'st  hate  for  Bounties  past, 

And  fresh  ones  would'st  controul ; 
Th'  unborn  shall  curse  thy  slan'dring  Pen, 

And  scorn  thy  narrow  Soul."  ^ 

1  Remarks  on  Dr.  M7)'/z^to' J' Incidental  Observations,  etc;  with  Notes,  critical 
Reflections,  Relative  to  the  Church  of  and  explanatory.  By  a  Gentleman  of 
England,  etc.  By  a  Son  of  the  Church  Rhodc-Tsland  Qo\orq.  Providence  :  1763. 
of  England.     "  I  am  for  Peace  :  but  .  .  .  8vo,  pp.  19. 

they  are  for  War."     Portsmouth :  1763.  ^  "  y,vX  alas  for  him  !  the  principal  Part 

2  Verses  on  Doctor  Mayhew's  Book  of     of  his  Aparatus  is  wanting,  Oliver  Crom- 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.       267 

Graver  witnesses  are  not  wanting,  to  testify  to  the  popular 
interest  in  this  debate.     John  Adams  says :  — 

"  If  any  one  supposes  this  controversy  to  have  no  influence  on  the 
great  subsequent  question,  he  is  grossly  ignorant.  It  spread  (the  plan 
of  episcopizing  the  colonies,  especially  New-England)  an  universal 
alarm  against  the  authority  of  parliament.  It  excited  a  general  and  just 
apprehension,  that  bishops  and  dioceses  and  churches  and  priests  and 
tythes,  were  to  be  imposed  on  us  by  parliament.  It  was  known  that 
neither  the  king,  nor  the  ministry,  nor  archbishops,  could  appoint  bishops 
in  America  without  a)i  act  of  parliament ;  and  if  parliament  could  tax 
us,  they  could  establish  the  church  of  England  here,  with  all  its  creeds, 
articles,  tests,  ceremonies,  and  tythes,  and  prohibit  all  other  churches,  as 
conventicles  and  schism-shops."  ^ 

But  here  a  new  phase  of  the  controversy  appears.  A  letter 
from  Rev.  Samuel  Johnson,  written  in  1764  to  Archbishop 
Seeker,  gives  the  following  assurance :  — 

..."  The  number  of  such  bitter  zealots  against  it  [the  scheme  of 
Bishops  in  America]  is  comparatively  few,  and  chiefly  in  these  two  govern- 
ments, either  such  loose  tliinkers  as  Mayhew,  who  can  scarcely  be 
accounted  better  Christians  than  the  Turks,  or  such  furious  bitter  Cal- 
vinistical  enthusiasts  as  are  really  no  more  friends  to  monarchy  than 
Episcopacy ;  and  against  people  of  both  these  sorts  Episcopacy  is  really 
necessary  towards  the  better  securing  our  dependence,  as  well  as  many 
other  good  political  purposes."  ^ 

Two  years  before.  Seeker  had  written  to  caution  Mr.  Caner 
in  reference  to  the  temper  which  should  be  observed  in  the 
discussion:  ^  — 

Lambeth,  Oct.  6th,  1762. 

..."  The  proper  manner,  I  think,  is  that  of  great  seriousness  and  perfect 
mildness  and  fair  confession  of  our  Imperfections  when  we  cannot  vindi- 
cate ourselves,  joined  with  earnest  Intreaties  to  the  Author,  that  he  would 
consider,  as  one  who  must  give  account  of  every  Idle  word,  what  Spirit 
he  hath  shown  himself  to  be  of,  and  to  the  Dissenters,  that  they  would  con- 
sider whether  they  are  perfect  and  whether  ludicrous,  virulent,  exaggerat- 
ing language  is  the  Christian  method  of  treating  religious  subjects,  and  the 
Conduct  of  Brethren  who  differ  from  each  other  in  opinion,  At  the  same 

well  is  not  at  the  Head  of  Forty  Thou-  John  Wingate  Thornton's  Historical  Re- 

sand  Cut-throats,  to  carry  his  Measures  lation  of  New  Eui^land  to  the  English 

into  Execution."  Conwionwealth,  1874. 

1  Bradford's  Life  of  Mayhew,  p.  276.  2  Letter  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canter- 

"The  Story  of  the  Episcopal  machinations  bury,  Sept.  20,   1764  (Bradford's  Life  of 

against  New  England."     See  Hubbard's  ^Layhew,  p.  295) ;  compare  N.  Y.  Hist. 

Hist.  N.  £'.,261-273;  Savage's  Wiiithrop,  Doc,  vii.  371-374- 

2d  ed.  i.  312,  320,  332,  333,  338,  358,  367.  8  Perry,  Ch.  Docs.,  Mass.,  p.  475. 


268  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

time  the  facts  which  he  hath  alleged  or  to  which  he  hath  alluded  should 
be  vindicated  from  any  misrepresentations  which  he  hath  made  of  them 
with  home  expostulations,  but  very  gentle  ones  where  needful.  .  .  .  But 
no  confutation  will  be  effectual  unless  our  Missionaries  and  their  people 
will  conscientiously  amend  whatever  faults  can  be  justly  charged  upon 
them." 

A  letter  from  Mr.  Caner  to  the  Archbishop,  written  during  the 
heat  of  the  Mayhew  controversy,  gives,  on  the  other  hand, 
valuable  evidence  as  to  the  real  point  on  which  that  controversy 
turns :  — 

Boston,  in  N.  England,  Augt.  i6th,  1763. 

In  truth,  my  Lord,  I  think  it  capable  of  the  clearest  proof  that  the 
Church  of  England  is  established  in  these  Colonies,  since  every  act  of 
Parliament  for  establishing  the  Church  of  England,  from  the  time  of 
Edward  the  Sixth,  expressly  mentions  as  well  the  Dominions  as  the 
Realm  of  England;  and  every  subsequent  act  from  thence  to  the  time 
of  Queen  Ann,  refers  back  and  re-establishes  every  former  act  which  had 
been  before  made.  I  confess  this  establishment  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land in  the  Plantations  seems  to  be  only  as  to  Church  Government,  and 
that  only  amongst  the  People  of  the  Church  of  England,  or  perhaps  we 
may  call  it  an  Establishment  de  Jure,  but  not  de  Facto,  since  it  is  certain 
that  the  civil  Government  here  do  yield  all  their  countenance,  support, 
and  encouragement  not  to  the  Church  of  England,  but  to  the  Congrega- 
tional persuasion.  However,  the  Church  of  England  has  undoubtedly 
a  legal  Parliamentary  Establishment  here,  and  all  other  Denominations 
must  be  looked  upon  as  sectaries,  since  they  can  have  no  Ecclesiastical 
Jurisdiction  among  themselves.^ 

To  which  the  Archbishop  replies:  — 

Good  Mr.  Caner,  —  Doubtless  the  Dissenters  treat  us  very  unkindly 
by  publishing  pieces  against  us  now,  when  we  were  never  less  disposed 
to  give  them  any  offence.  But,  as  you  observed,  they  have  their  reasons 
and  are  wise  in  their  Generation.  We  must  study  to  be  so  too,  and  not 
be  provoked  into  saying  anything  which  they  can  turn  into  a  handle 
against  us.  .  .  .  They  must  be  expected  to  say  things  we  do  not  like, 
as  we  should  be  apt  to  say  things,  on  the  same  occasions,  which  they 
would  like  as  little.      They,  I  hope,  are  losing  ground,  and  such  are 

1  Perry,  Ch.  Docs.,  Mass.,  p.  505. 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.       269 

commonly  angry.     We  are  gaining  it,  and  we   shall  gain  it  much  the 
faster  by  preserving  a  good  Temper. 

This  correspondence  exhibits  the  grounds  on  which  the  con- 
troversy is  now  (1764)  taken  up  in  an  anonymous  pamphlet  of 
about  sixty  pages,  published  in  London,  and  understood  to  have 
been  written  by  the  Archbishop  himself.  The  question  at  issue 
had  been  appealed  to  the  higher  court  (as  Mr.  Apthorp  after- 
wards calls  it  in  his  "  Review  ")  of  English  opinion.  Mayhew's 
"  Observations  "  and  "  Defence  "  were  reprinted  in  England,  and 
naturally  called  out  strong  sympathy  among  the  Dissenters,  to 
which  Thomas  Hollis,  in  particular,  gives  ardent  expression.  It 
is  the  English  public  that  Seeker,  it  is  probable,  has  now  chiefly 
in  mind.  He  was  too  good  a  controversialist  to  exhibit  either 
the  passion  or  the  rhetoric  that  had  been  displayed  on  the  other 
side.  His  manner  is  studiously  calm,  — somewhat  disdainfully 
so,  as  where  he  invites  Mayhew's  sharp  retort  by  comforting 
"the  poor  Man's  Fears"  of  ecclesiastical  intolerance  (p.  55). 
He  follows  the  argument  keenly  upon  its  three  lines  of  (i)  hos- 
tility to  the  Church  of  England,  (2)  charges  against  the  Society, 
and  (3)  opposition  to  the  establishment  of  Bishops.  A  few  of 
his  points  are  copied  here.  In  answer  to  Mayhew's  charges 
against  the  arrogance  of  Prelacy,  he  says :  — 

"  What  Intimation  lies  concealed  under  the  Terms  Fishermen  of 
Galilee ;  and  whether  in  the  Doctor's  Opinion,  all  Ministers  of  Christ 
are  to  follow  some  Trade,  he  hath  not  explained,  .  .  .  nor  told 
us  what  his  own  is.  But  certainly  reviling  his  Brethren  is  a  very  bad 
one"  (p.  5). 

Among  some  very  pungent  allusions  to  acts  of  intolerance  in 
New  England :  — 

"  But  surely  the  Doctor  goes  too  far,  when  he  saith,  wherever  we 
learnt  Christian  charity  towards  those  who  differ  from  us,  we  did  ?tot 
learn  it  of  the  Church  of  England.  Where  else  they  learnt  it,  he 
doth  not  say ;  and  they  certainly  might  learn  it  from  her,  unless  they 
disdained  to  learn  any  Thing  from  her.  Where  he  learnt  it  indeed  it 
will  be  very  needless  to  inquire,  till  he  gives  better  Proofs  of  his  having 
learnt  it  at  all"  (p.  30). 

Mr.  Apthorp's  expression,  the  Beauty  of  Holiness,  etc.,  sharply 
resented  by  Mayhew,  is  referred  to :  — 

"  that  is,  in  Proportion  as  the  Face  of  Religion  hath  become  amiable,  and 
its  Doctrines  have  been  rationally  explained  "  (p.  29). 


2/0  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Again :  — 

"  We  confess,  indeed,  that  we  cannot  perceive  why  the  Presbyterians 
and  Congregationalists  in  New  England  might  not  as  safely  breathe  the 
same  Air  with  a  Bishop,  as  their  Brethren  in  Old  Englafid  do.  How- 
ever, we  are  unwilling  to  disquiet  any  of  them,  by  importing  and  settling 
amongst  them  a  Creature,  which  it  seems  that  some  of  them  account 
to  be  so  noxious.  Only  we  hope,  that  his  occasionally  travelling  through 
the  Country  cannot  infect  it  very  dangerously  "  (p.  57). 

The  pamphlet  closes  as  follows :  — 

"  Our  Inclination  is  to  live  in  Friendship  with  all  the  Protestant 
churches.  .  .  .  And  we  shall  gladly  give  Proofs  to  every  Denomina- 
tion of  Christians  in  our  Colonies,  that  we  are  Friends  to  a  Toleration 
even  of  the  most  Intolerant,  as  far  as  it  is  safe  ;  and  willing  that  all 
Mankind  should  possess  all  the  Advantages,  religious  and  civil,  which 
they  can  demand  either  in  Law  or  Reason.  But  with  those  who 
approach  nearer  to  us  in  Purity  of  Faith  and  brotherly  Love,  we  are 
desirous  to  cultivate  a  freer  Communication,  passing  over  all  former 
Disgusts,  as  we  beg  that  they  would.  If  we  give  them  any  seeining 
Cause  of  Complaint,  we  hope  they  will  signify  it  in  the  most  amicable 
Manner.  If  they  publish  it,  we  hope  they  will  preserve  Fairness  and 
Temper.  If  they  fail  in  either,  we  must  bear  it  with  Patience,  but 
be  excused  from  replying.  If  any  Writers  on  our  Side  have  been  less 
cool,  or  less  civil,  than  they  ought  and  designed  to  have  been,  we  are 
sorry  for  it,  and  exhort  them  to  change  their  Stile,  if  they  write  again. 
For  it  is  the  Duty  of  all  Men,  how  much  soever  they  differ  in  Opinion, 
to  agree  in  mutual  good  Will  and  kind  Behaviour"  (pp.  58,  59). 

To  this,  Mayhew's  reply  in  his  "  Second  Defence  "  ^  is  more 
temperate  and  restrained  than  in  some  other  of  his  controversial 
writings.  The  impersonal  character  of  the  "Answer,"  and  the 
rank  of  its  reputed  author,  barred  out  tlie  virulence  of  speech  to 
which  controversy  was  ever  prone ;  which  appears,  indeed,  only 
in  a  single  passage  referring  to  Seeker's  political  and  ecclesias- 
tical antecedents  in  a  style  that  may  remind  us  of  Milton's  retorts, 
in  like  kind,  to  the  attacks  of  his  opponents.  A  few  extracts  will 
show  the  tone  of  this  his  final  part  in  the  present  discussion :  — 

"  The  Author  of  the  Tract  before  me  has  thought  proper  to  conceal 
his  name  and  quality,  in  common  with  others  who  have  written  against 
the  Observations ;  so  that  whatever  may  be  his  real  dignity,  I  cannot 
with  propriety  speak  of  him  under  any  higher  title  than  that  of  gen- 
tleman  "  (p.  i). 

1  Remarks   on  an   anonymous   Tract     fence  of  the  said  Observations.   Boston: 
entitled  An   Answer   to    Dr.  Mayhew's     1764,  pp.  86. 
Observations,  etc.     Being  a  Second  De- 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.        271 

"  These  reproachful  innuendoes  I  take  to  be  the  less  ingenuous  and 
more  injurious,  as  coming  from  him,  because  if  I  have  received  tinfraternal 
treatment  from  d^few  of  my  brethren,  as  indeed  I  have,  this  was  chiefly 
because  I  was  supposed,  whether  truly  or  not,  to  approach  too  near,  in 
some  of  my  religious  opinions,  to  those  of  certain  of  the  most  eminent 
bishops  and  other  divines  of  the  Church  of  England,  who  were  despite- 
fully  treated  as  heretics  by  many  of  their  brethren  ;  and  whose  names  will 
be  remembered  with  veneration,  when  those  of  their  [supposed]  more 
orthodox  revilers  will  either  be  forgotten  through  contempt,  or  remem- 
bered with  execration"  (p.  39). 

"  Though  I  am  a  warm  friend  to  religious  liberty  in  the  largest  sense, 
.  .  .  yet  I  must  own,  I  hope  never  to  see  popish  bishops  thus  going 
about  [as  in  England]  ivithout  offence,  in  New  England  ;  being  persuaded 
from  the  very  nature  of  divers  popish  tenets,  that  roman  catholicks  cannot 
be  safely  tolerated  in  the  free  exercise  of  their  religion,  in  a  protestant 
government"  (p.  71).^ 

"  Upon  the  whole,  by  what  I  can  learn,  it  is  written  with  too  much 
Catholicism,  and  too  little  rancour  against  me,  to  be  generally  acceptable 
to  the  episcopalians  among  us  :  which  are  probably  the  chief  reasons  why 
there  was  so  much  difficulty  in  obtaining  a  subscription  for  reprinting  it 
in  Boston  "  (p.  78). 

Last  of  all  comes  Mayhevv's  somewhat  celebrated  retort:  — 

"  I  am  indeed,  even  literally  a  'poor  man,^  as  this  gentleman  calls  me, 
I  suppose,  in  another  sense.  .  .  .  However,  through  the  goodness  of 
God,  and  the  generosity  of  his  people,  I  have  a  comfortable  subsistence, 
with  contentment :  Which,  if  but  attended  with  integrity  and  godliness,  is 
all  \\\Q  gain  that  my  soul  aspires  after  in  this  world.  Let  me  add,  on  this 
occasion,  that  I  had  much  rather  be  the  poor  son  of  a  good  man,  who 
spent  a  long  life  and  his  patrimony  in  the  humble  and  laborious,  though 
apostolical  employment  of  preaching  '  the  unsearchable  riches  of  Christ ' 
io  poor  Indians ;  and  one,  as  I  suppose,  now  at  rest  from  his  labours 
with  'the  spirits  of  just  men  made  perfect ; '  than  even  the  rich  son  and 
heir  of  One  who  had,  by  temporizing  in  religion,  and  tampering  with 
politics,  by  flattering  the  Great,  and  prostituting  his  conscience,  made  his 
way  to  a  bishoprick,  and  the  worldly  dignity  of  a  peer ;  how  large  a  bag 
soever  he  had  carried  with  him  through  a  life  of  idleness  and  pride,  of 
intrigue  and  luxury,  or  left  behind  him  at  death,  the  blac/i  period  of  all 
his  greatness  and  glory  "  (p.  81). 

1  It  is  an  illustration  of  the  strength  months'  warning  which  the  statute  gave, 

of  this  hostility  to  the  Roman  Church,  remained  here,  or  entered  the  Province, 

that  in   1755,  when    the  Acadian  exiles  and  then  escaped  from  prison,  were  to 

were  in  Boston,  "  the  people  would  upon  suffer  as  felons."     See  Acts  of  1700-1, 

no  terms  have  consented  to  the  publick  chap.  i.  passed  June  17,  published  June 

exercise  of  religious  worship  by  Roman  29,   1700,   printed   in  Prmince   Lazos,  i. 

Catholick  priests."  Such  persons,  Jesuits  423-424. 
and  Popish  priests,  "  who,  after  the  three 


2/2  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

The  next  year,  1765,  Mr.  Apthorp,  now  incumbent  of  the 
vicarage  at  Croydon,  near  London  (in  the  Archbishop's  gift), 
published  a  "  Review"  of  Mayhew's  pamphlet,  in  which  the  con- 
troversy is  already  treated  as  a  thing  of  the  past.^  The  human- 
izing effect  of  episcopacy  on  the  church  should,  he  thinks,  win 
its  own  way.     In  sixty  years,  he  says,  — 

"  one  hundred  churches  have  been  built  in  the  colonies,  and  I  cannot 
but  thmk  that  at  this  time  of  dissension  and  enthusiasm  and  irreligion 
among  the  Dissenters,  the  increase  of  the  Church  of  England,  which  so 
happily  tends  to  union  and  uniformity,  will  be  for  the  advancement  of  true 
order  and  liberty.  For  the  plan  for  bishops  in  America  is  agreeable  to 
the  simple  model  of  ancient  and  modern  Episcopacy." 

"  A  late  controversy,"  he  says,  "  though  a  local  debate  begun  in  Neiv- 
England,  has  been  thought  interesting  enough  to  be  brought  before  a 
higher  tribunal,  the  Public  in  Great-Britain.  To  that  tribunal  it  is 
thought  proper  to  follow"  (p.  2). 

"  He  would  wish,  if  possible,  to  make  the  Doctor  his  Friend,  who  has 
no  reason,  either  public  or  private,  to  be  his  Enemy"  (p.  3). 

*'  Were  no  Papists  permitted  to  inhabit  the  king's  dominions,  it  cannot 
be  said  they  would  have  any  wrong  done  them,  their  principles  being 
so  inconsistent  with  those  of  our  Civil  Government  "  (p.  11). 

"  We  take  the  separation  of  the  Dissenters  to  be  so  wrong  in  itself,  and 
to  have  produced  so  dreadful  consequences,  that  we  can  by  no  means 
counsel  the  members  of  our  Church  to  increase  their  numbers,  though  it 
should  be  only  for  a  time ;  and  much  less  can  we  try  to  compel  them  to 
it  by  refusing  to  assist  them  "  (p.  26). 

We  have,  in  pages  30-34,  a  very  interesting  letter  to  the 
author  from  Rev.  Henry  Barclay,  describing  his  missionary 
work  among  the  Mohawks.     The  pamphlet  continues:  — 

"  And  how  can  there  be  any  hope  of  religious,  or  security  of  political 
Union,  but  by  the  enforced  growth  and  natural  influence  of  the  Church 
of  England  1  For  none  of  the  rest  have  any  chance  of  growing  general ; 
and  if  some  of  them  should,  the  worst  of  consequences  must  follow  (p.  53). 
.  .  .  Persisting  in  a  separation  is  not  justifying  it ",  nor  does  it  lose  its 
guilt,  as  it  grows  more  remote  from  its  origin."  ^ 

1  E.  Apthorp,  A  Review  of  Dr.  May-  thorp,  Esq.,  merchant,  born  in  Boston, 
hew's  Remarks  on  the  Answer  to  his  1733,  ^"^  ^^"'^  from  the  Boston  Latin 
Observations,  &c.  London:  1765.  (pp.  School  to  England  to  finish  his  educa- 
65)  tion ;    B.  A.  at  Jesus  Coll.,  Cambridge, 

2  The  following  sketch  of  the  life  of  in  1755,  and  M.  A.  in  1758;  also  chosen 
the  Rev.  East  Apthorp  is  taken  from  Fellow  of  his  college.  His  father  died 
Rev.  N.  Hoppin's  Sermon  on  the  re-  Nov.  11,  1758,  and  late  in  that  year,  or 
opening  of  Christ  Church,  Cambridge,  early  in  1759,  he  returned  to  Boston. 
Mass.  (Boston,  1855,  pp  29-38) -. —  He  was  appointed  Missionary  in  June, 

"  He  was  fourth  son  of  Charles  Ap-     1759,    and   settled    in    Cambridge    and 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.        2/3 

Dr.  Mayhevv  appears  to  have  been  expected,  and  even  urged, 
to  prepare  an  answer  to  this  Review.  He  was,  however,  sa}'s  his 
biographer,^  weary  of  controversy,  and  reluctant  to  continue  it. 
In  a  letter  of  1766,  he  writes:  — 

"  In  truth,  I  was  sufficiently  weary  of  the  controversy,  as  I  intimated 
at  the  close  of  my  second  defence.  Not  that  I  had  a  bad  cause  to 
manage,  but  because  I  had  written  three  large  pamphlets  upon  the  sub- 
ject. Accordingly,  I  signified  in  the  last  of  them  that  1  should  publish 
no  more  upon  it  unless  something  both  new  and  material  should  appear 
on  the  other  side.  In  the  opinion  of  several  gentlemen  here,  for  whose 
judgment  I  have  much  regard,  as  well  as  in  my  own  meaner  opinion, 
there  was  nothing  in  Mr.  Apthorp's  Review  which  deserved  that  charac- 
ter, or  invited  a  particular  reply.  Neither,  indeed,  could  I  learn  that 
even  the  zealots  of  the  Episcopal  party  here  considered  it  as  of  any  con- 
sequence, unless  it  were  merely  as  the  last  word ;  an  honour  of  which  I 
was  not  ambitious.  I  had  little  or  no  hopes  of  convincing  those  who 
remained  unconvinced  after  reading  my  three  tracts  upon  the  subject  of 
missions.  I  was  not  such  a  salamander  as  to  choose  to  live  long  in  the 
fire  of  controversy.  Besides,  it  was  so  long  before  the  said  Review 
appeared  in  this  country,  that  the  subject  of  it  had  become  almost  stale. 
It  had  ceased  very  deeply  to  engage  the  attention  of  either  party."  ^ 

Even  while  he  wrote,  this  eager  and  somewhat  turbulent  dis- 
putant was  nearer  than  he  could  have  supposed  to  the  end  of 
that  wearing  strife  which  was  his  appointed  portion.  Not  many 
weeks  after  the  writing  of  the  letter  just  cited,  an  illness  brought 
on  by  exposure  from  a  journey  undertaken  in  the  line  of  his 

began  his  public  duties,  in  Oct,   1761,  collated  him  to  the   Rectorship    of   St. 

having  been  previously  married  to  Eliza-  Mary-le-Bow,     London.      In     1790     he 

beth,  daughter  of  Judge  Hutchinson."  was   made   a    Prebendary   of  St.  Paul's 

"No  doubt  his  situation  at  Cambridge  Cathedral,  and  had  the  offer  of  the  Bish- 

was  rendered  uncomfortable  by  this  con-  opric  of  Kildare,  which  he  declined  on 

troversy,  and  he  more  readily  embraced  account  of  the  state  of  his  health.     In 

the  opportunity  of  preferment  which  now  1793  Bishop  Porteus  gave  him  the  very 

opened   to   him    in    England.      In   1765  valuable  Prebend  of  Finsbury,  attached 

Archbishop    Seeker  gave  him  the  vica-  to  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  which  obliged 

rage  of  Croydon,  near  London.  .  .  .  His  him  to  resign  his   other   livings.      The 

sister,  the  wife  of  Alderman  Trecothick,  remainder   of   his  days   were  passed  at 

then  resided  with  her  family  in  the  neigh-  Cambridge,  Eng.  .  .  .  His  sight   began 

boring  village  of  Addington.    For  twenty-  to  fail  him  about  1789.     He  had  lost  his 

eight  years  he  continued  Vicar  of  Croy-  wife  in  17S2,  and  was  married  in  17S7  to 

don,  performing  the  duties  of  a  Parish  Anne,  daughter  of  John  Crich,  Esq.,  of 

Priest  with  exemplary  diligence,  and  to  Thurlow,   in    Suffolk,    Eng.      He   died, 

the  great  satisfaction  of  the  inhabitants,  after  a  sickness  of  six  years,  at  the  age 

who  showed  their  regard  for  him  when  of  84,  April  16,  1S16,  and  was  buried  in 

he  had  lost  his  sight,  by  a  noble  present  the  chapel  of  Jesus  College,  Cambridge." 
of  nearly  ;^2,ooo.  ...  In  1778,  he  pub-  Sqq  Documents  relating  to  (he  Cclo7iial 

lished   'Letters,  etc'  in  answer  to  Gib-  History  of  Ne-cu  York,  vii.  375  and  note. 
bon.     Soon  after,  Archbishop  Cornwallis  l  Bradford's  Life  of  Mayhew,  p.  329. 

conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  D.D.,  and  2  /(j/^.^  p.  357. 

VOL.  II.  — 18 


274  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

professional  duty  caused  his  sudden  and  untimely  death  (July 
9,  1766).  To  the  graver  judgment  of  a  later  generation  it  has 
appeared  that  "whatever  advantages  eventually  accrued  to  civil 
or  religious  liberty  from  this  controversy,  its  immediate  effects 
were  little  calculated  to  advance  the  mild  spirit  of  the  Gospel. 
The  heat  with  which  it  was  carried  on  regenerated  the  ancient 
enmities. 


1 


In  addition  to  the  controversial  writings  before  cited,  the 
following  list  (prepared  from  the  materials  gathered  by  Mr. 
Foote)  will  serve  as  a  guide  to  the  ramifications  of  the  contro- 
versy concerning  episcopacy  in  New  England:  — 

"  Remarks  on  the  Bishop  of  Oxford's  [Seeker]  Sermon  before  the 
Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,"  by  Andrew 
Eliot,  D.D.  Boston,  1740.  Portions  of  this  were  published  in  Eng- 
land by  Archdeacon  Blackburne. 

"  Three  Letters  to  a  Gentleman  [M.  Towgood]  dissenting  from  the 
Church  of  England,"  by  John  White.     London,  1745. 

"  The  Dissenting  Gentleman's  Answer  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  White's  Three 
Letters,  in  which  a  Separation  from  the  Establishment  is  fully  justified." 
Boston,  1748.     Also, 

"A  Dissent  from  the  Church  of  England  fully  justified  and  proved  the 
genuine  and  just  Consequence  of  the  Allegiance  due  to  Christ,  the  only 
Lawgiver  in  the  Church  :  being  the  Dissenting  Gentleman's  Three  Letters 
and  Postscript,  in  answer  to  Mr.  John  White's  on  that  Subject."     1768. 

"  Defence  of  the  Tliree  Letters  to  a  Gentleman  dissenting  from  the 
Church  of  England "  (Towgood) ;  "  A  Second  Defence,  to  which  is 
added  An  Appendix,"  by  John  White,  1748. 

"  A  calm  and  plain  Answer  to  the  Enquiry,  Why  are  you  a  Dissenter 
from  the  Church  of  England?  by  the  Author  of  the  Dissenting  Gentle- 
man's Letters  "  (M.  Towgood).  1773.  (A  reiteration,  in  a  more  popu- 
lar or  declamatory  form,  of  many  of  his  former  arguments.) 

"The  Englishman  directed  in  the  Choice  of  a  Religion,"  by  James 
Wetmore.     London  and  Boston.     1748. 

"  The  sacred  Dignity  of  the  Christian  Priesthood  vindicated."  A  Ser- 
mon by  Dr.  McSparran.  Newport,  1751.  To  this  succeeded  "Lay 
Liberty  asserted,"  a  pamphlet  by  Samuel  Beaven  ;  "The  Liberty  of  the 
Laity  not  infringed,"  containing  "  some  gentle  animadversions  on  a  late 
Rhapsody,  with  a  short  Appendix,"  by  William  Richardson,  a  lawyer  of 
Newport;  "Lay  Liberty  re-asserted  in  a  letter  to  the  late  Orthodox 
Champion  for  the  Dignity  of  the  Christian  Priesthood,"  by  Mr.  Beaven  ; 
"  An  Address  to  the  People  of  New  England,  occasioned  by  the  preach- 
ing and  publishing  of  certain  doctrines  destructive  of  their  rights  both 
religious  and  civil,"  with  the  motto  (from  2  Peter  ii.   16),  But  was  re- 

1  Minot's  History  of  Massachusetts,  ii.  136. 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.       275 

buked for  his  iniquity  :  the  dinnb  ass  ^  speaking  with  man's  voice  ^forbade 
the  madness  of  the  prophet,  by  J.  Aplin,  a  lawyer  of  Providence.  New- 
port, 1753. 

Something  of  the  spirit  of  this  last  maybe  seen  in  the  follow- 
ing extracts:  — 

"  I  had  rather  be  an  inspired  Ass  in  the  Service  of  my  Maker,  than  an 
Apostate  Priest  in  the  Pay  of  his  Adversary  "  (p.  8)  ;  "  As  to  the  Fathers, 
I  shall  take  leave  to  say,  They  were  most  of  them  Reverend  Old  Dotards  ; 
and  that  they  were  Fathers  of  almost  all  the  Heresies  that  were  broach'd 
in  the  Christian  Church  ;  and  at  last  led  the  Way  to  Rome." 

It  will  be  noted  that  these  vivacious  pamphlets  were  written 
and  published  during  the  heat  of  the  Hobart  controversy. 
They  are   fitly  succeeded  by  — 

"The  Real  Advantages  which  Ministers  and  People  may  enjoy  espe- 
cially in  the  Colonies  by  Conforming  to  the  Church  of  England,"  by 
Noah  Welles.     Boston,  i  762. 

This  pamphlet,  said  by  Dr.  E.  H.  Gillett  to  be  "  for  literary 
ability  worthy  the  reputation  of  the  ablest  writers  of  the  day," 
is  in  tone  sarcastic  and  ironical,  setting  forth  at  much  length  the 
popular  scorn  of  "  a  religion  perfectly  agreeable  to  polite  gen- 
tlemen," with  its  assumed  love  of  ease  and  pride  of  power. 
This  elaborated  satire,  with  other  attacks  conveyed  in  occasional 
discourses  of  the  day,  —  among  others  in  Chauncy's  Dudleian 
Lecture  (1762),  on  "The  validity  of  Presbyterian  Ordination," 
—  brought  out  the  following:  — 

"  A  Defence  of  the  Episcopal  Government  of  the  Church,"  by  Jere- 
miah Leaming  (missionary  at  Norwalk,  Conn.),  New  York,  1766,  in 
which  it  is  asserted,  in  an  opening  letter  by  Dr.  S.  Johnson,  that  "our 
opponents  have  of  late,  without  any  provocation,  been  mustering  up 
their  old  sophisms  against  the  ancient  episcopal  government  of  the  Church 
which  have  long  ago  been  abundantly  answered,  over  and  over  "  (p.  3)  ; 
and  that  there  has  been  "  not  one  single  instance,  for  thirty  years  past,  in 
which  our  clergy  have  begun  this  dispute"  (p.  7).  Mr.  Leaming  also 
denies  Chauncy's  claim  of  "  the  liberty  the  Netu  England  churches  enjoy 
of  choosing  their  ministers,"  saying  that  a  few  "  heads  of  families  in  the 
parish  "  are  the  real  rulers  of  its  affairs,  since  they  are  in  sight,  have 
the  suffrage,  and  are  therefore  in  the  same  relation  as  patrons  in  the 
Church  of  England  —  which,  he  argues,  derives  succession  not  from 
Rome,  but  from  the  ancient  British  church. 

This  is  replied  to  in  — 

"A  Vindication  of  the  Validity  and  Divine  Right  of  Presbyterian 
Ordination,"  by  Noah  Welles,  New  Haven,  1767,  pp.  159;  preceded 


2-]6  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

by  an  extract  of  a  letter  from  Dr.  Chauncy,  who  says,  "  I  esteem  my  ser- 
mon as  full  an  answer  to  his  '  Defence '  as  if  wrote  on  purpose  to  refute 
it."  The  most  significant  paragraph  of  the  pamphlet  is  as  follows : 
"  The  grand  secret,  no  doubt,  is  —  The  cause  of  episcopacy  is  to  be 
pushed  in  America  at  all  events.  And,  upon  trial,  this,  it  seems,  has 
been  found  the  best  expedient :  to  unhinge  and  perplex  the  minds  of 
ignorant  people  ;  to  fill  their  heads  with  airy  notions  of  the  absolute  neces- 
sity of  episcopal  ordination  "  (p.  12).  And  this,  he  adds,  "  gives  a  handle 
to  deists  and  infidels,  to  banter  and  ridicule  the  most  important  truths  of 
Christianity,  while  they  thus  behold  them,  and  that  even  by  its  teachers, 
sunk  to  a  level,  in  point  of  evidence,  with  the  most  doubtful  and  disputed 
points"  (p.  75). 

Mr.  Learning  replies  in  a  "  Second  Defence,"  of  eighty-one 
pages,  in  which  he  says  :  — 

"  It  hath  been  found  necessary  for  Disputants  of  the  lowest  Class, 
when  they  could  not  confute  what  their  Opponents  had  really  said,  to 
make  them  say  what  they  had  not  said.  We  should  be  glad  if  Mr. 
Welles  had  given  no  Reason  to  induce  us  to  think,  that  he  stood  in  Need 
of  this  low  Artifice  "  (p.  18). 

Two  dialogues  follow,  by  a  "  By-Stander,"  in  which  Jolm  and 
George  discuss  the  points  of  controversy.      George,  who  repre- 
sents Mr.  Learning's  side,  gains  an  easy  victory,  as  is  the  wont 
in  such  dramatic  encounters. 
In  the  same  year  follows  — 

"  An  Appeal  to  the  Public  in  behalf  of  the  Church  of  England  in 
America,"  by  Thomas  Bradbury  Chandler,  D.D.     New  York,  1767. 

In  this  discussion  Dr.  Chandler  at  first  is  calm,  with  the 
superior  air  of  an  advocate  of  the  fashionable  cause;  but  his 
temper  and  manners  fail  him  somewhat  as  the  argument  pro- 
ceeds, and  he  feels  himself  to  be  "too  light  weight"  for  the 
practised  controversialist  who  is  his  opponent,  who  never  misses 
an  advantage  or  loses  his  temper.  Among  other  points  he 
argues  that  — 

"  should  a  general  Tax  be  laid  upon  the  Country,  and  thereby  a  Sum  be 
raised  sufficient  for  the  purpose  [of  an  endowment]  ;  and  even  supposing 
we  should  have  three  Bishops  on  the  Continent,  which  are  the  most  that 
have  been  mentioned  ;  yet  I  believe  such  a  Tax  would  not  amount  to 
more  than  Four  Pence  in  One  Hundred  Pounds.  .  .  .  But  no  such  Tax 
is  intended,  nor,  I  trust,  will  be  wanted." 

In  reply,  we  have  from  Dr.  Chauncy  — 

"  An  Appeal  to  the  Public  answered  in  Behalf  of  the  Non-Episcopal 
Churches  in  America,  .  .  .  wherein  the  Reasons  for  an  American  Epis- 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.      2jy 

copate  are  shown  to  be  insufficient,  and  the  Objections  against  it  in  full 
Force."     Boston,  1768. 

In  this  thick  pamphlet,  of  above  two  hundred  pages,  we  note  an 
increasing  intensity  of  tone  as  the  ecclesiastical  question  is  com- 
plicated with  the  political  one  then  impending.     Thus:  — 

"  The  view,  indeed,  of  the  Society  has  always  been  to  episcopize  these 
Colonies,  and  this  they  have  made  their  great  business ;  insomuch  that, 
should  it  be  accomplished,  It  Will  Then  Have  Been  Brought  to  the 
Happy  Issue  Intended,  as  we  are  told,  in  plain  words,  by  the  Bishop  of 
Llandaff "  (page  83  ;  see  ante,  page  243). 

And  again :  — 

"  Nay,  if  bishops  were  speedily  sent  to  America,  it  seems  not  wholly 
improbable,  from  what  we  hear  of  the  tinusual  tenor  of  some  late  Parlia- 
mentary Acts  and  Bills,  for  raising  money  on  the  poor  colonies  without 
their  consent,  that  provision  might  be  made  for  the  support  of  these 
bishops,  if  not  of  all  the  church  clergy  also,  in  the  same  way  "(p.  171). 
"  You  see  here,  ye  Colonists  [in  the  argument  above  cited  from  Dr. 
Chandler],  the  opinion  of  the  doctor,  and,  we  reasonably  presume,  of 
the  Episcopal-Clergy  under  whose  direction  he  wrote,  that  the  Country 
might,  in  equity,  be  taxed  for  the  support  of  Bishops.  ...  If  the  Country 
might  be  thus  taxed,  the  tax  might  be  laid  upon  those  Colonists  whose 
forefathers  forsook  their  native  land,  with  all  its  accommodations  and 
comforts,  that  they  might  be  freed  from  the  Episcopal  yoke  of  bond- 
age "  (p.  193). 

Dr.  Chandler  resumes  and  reiterates  his  plea  the  follow- 
ing year  in  "  The  Appeal  Defended,"  in  a  tone  studiously 
deprecatory,  urging  once  more  that  "  the  Church  of  England 
has  constantly  asserted  an  Authority  purely  Ecclesiastical^ 
derived  from  Christ  and  not  from  the  Crown,  and  hence  threat- 
ening no  peril  to  civil  liberties.  But  the  time  had  quite  gone  by 
for  smooth  sayings  to  stay  the  tide  that  set  so  steadily  towards 
political  revolution. 

Passing  over  a  second  "Reply"  of  Chauncy  (1770),  and  a 
further  "  Defence  "  by  Chandler  (1771),  we  copy  from  a  secu- 
lar newspaper  an  indication  of  public  opinion  in  the  following 
passages  written  while  the  event  still  hung  in  a  doubtful  balance  : 

"  To  this  I  impute  all  the  prayers,  entreaties,  conjurations,  sighs,  and 
lamentations  of  a  certain  class  of  priests,  for  the  introduction  of  a  spirit- 
ual Gcfieralissimo  into  this  Country.  I  am  sensible  that  they  disavow  all 
noxious  designs,  and  that,  like  other  sots,  they  palliate  their  inordinate 
thirst  after  the  insalutary  dose,  by  pretences  that  seem  friendly  to  health 
and  consistent  with  sobriety  and  innocence.  But  as  all  attempts  from 
an  order,  who  abjure  the  roughness  of  violence,  will  be  dictated  by  the 


278  ANNALS    OF    KING'S   CHAPEL. 

wisdom  of  the  serpent,  and  cunningly  affect  the  harmlessness  of  the  dove ; 
we  ought,  for  preventing  the  success  of  their  machinations,  to  set  a 
double  guard  upon  our  privileges.  Of  all  thraldom,  spiritual  thraldom  is 
the  worst ;  and  if  ever  any  sect  acquires  a  dominion  in  this  country,  the 
fires  of  persecution  must  burn  with  hotter  vengeance  here  than  in  any 
other  part  of  the  world  ;  because  our  numerous  persuasions  afford  the 
most  plentiful  fuel.  Cowards  are  mahcious,  and  the  fears  of  the  assuming 
denominations  will  never  be  quieted  till  the  throne  they  erect  is  free 
from  all  danger.  Which  of  our  numerous  persuasions  bids  fairest  to  lord 
it  over  the  rest?  I  have  shown  in  some  former  papers  ;  and  for  that  very 
reason  they,  of  all  others,  ought  to  be  content  with  their  lot.  Guarantied 
on  every  side  against  oppression,  what  have  Episcopalians  to  fear?  In 
the  distribution  of  power  they  have  so  immoderate  a  share  that  the  very 
desire  to  have  more  is  not  only  inconsistent  with  all  christian  moder- 
ation, but  gives  just  grounds  for  suspicion  that  they  are  meditating  an 
offensive  war.''''  —  Boston  Gazette,  June  6,  1768. 

A  letter  of  Archbishop  Seeker,  addressed  to  the  Rt.  Hon. 
Horace  Walpole  and  published  after  the  writer's  death,  gives 
the  clearest  evidence  we  have  of  what  was  the  plan  actually  had 
in  view  by  persons  in  authority :  — 

"  Two  or  three  Persons  to  be  ordained  Bishops  and  sent  over  into  our 
Atnerican  Colonies,  to  administer  Confirmation  and  Ordination,  and 
exercise  such  Jurisdiction  over  the  Clergy  of  the  Church  of  England  in 
these  Parts,  as  the  late  Bishop  of  London's  Commissaries  did." 

"The  Presbyterians  or  Independents  of  New  England,  it  is  true, 
may  oppose  the  plan;  "  but  — 

"  they  cannot  be  entitled  to  object  against  placing  Bishops  in  any  other 
Province  but  their  own,  in  which  there  never  was  any  Thought  of  placing 
them.  Whether  they  would  object  against  Bishops  coming  to  ofiiciate 
occasionally  amongst  those  of  the  Episcopal  persuasion  in  that  Province, 
I  know  not.  If  any  should,  and  persist  in  it,  that  may  be  omitted.  But 
it  seems  hardly  possible  that  they  should,  unless  the  gross  Misrepresen- 
tations that  have  been  so  officiously  sent  from  hence,  have  made  them 
deaf  to  all  Reason." 

A  very  pungent  and  sarcastic  review  of  this  letter,  under  the 
title  of  "  a  Critical  Commentary  "  addressed  to  Walpole,  ap- 
peared in  1770,  from  the  pen  of  Archdeacon  Blackburne, 
"  animated  by  personal  bitterness  against  Seeker."  It  notices 
his  willingness  not  to  send  bishops  into  New  England;  and 
speaks  of  — 

"  Dr.  Chandler's  misfortune  in  being  stationed  three  thousand  miles 
from  HIS  Bishop,  by  whose  instructions  the  Appeal  was  written,  and  for 
whose  honour  it  was  to  be  defended.     He  might  otherwise  have  avoided 


EPISCOPACY  AND  THE  MAYHEW  CONTROVERSY.       279 

the  mortification  of  seeing  his  high  pretensions  to  the  rights  and  privileges 
of  the  American  Episcopate,  so  remarkably  contrasted  with  his  Grace's 
humble  concessions  ni  an  hour  of  despondency." 

"  The  keen  and  biting  temper  of  this  letter,"  it  has  been  re- 
marked, "  is  equal  to  Mayhevv,  while  more  polished  in  style." 

A  scholarly  and  fitting  close  was  brought  by  Dr.  Chauncy  to 
the  controversy  upon  this  side  of  the  ocean,  which  has  so  long 
occupied  our  attention,  in  the  publication  of  — 

"  A  Compleat  View  of  Episcopacy  from  the  Fathers  of  the  Christian 
Church  until  the  Close  of  the  Second  Century."  Boston,  17 71.  This 
work,  which  received  warm  general  praise  and  public  thanks,  contains 
"an  impartial  account  of  them  [the  Church  Fathers],  of  their  writings, 
and  of  what  they  say  concerning  Bishops  &  Presbyters,  in  the  Observations 
and  Remarks  tending  to  show  that  they  esteemed  these  One  and  the 
Same  Order  of  Ecclesiastical  Of^cers.  In  Answer  to  those  who  have 
represented  it  as  a  certain  Fact,  universally  handed  down,  even  from  the 
Apostles'  days,  that  Governing  and  Ordaining  Authority  was  exercised 
by  such  Bishops  only,  as  were  of  an  Order  superior  to  Presbyters." 

This  declaration  may  be  deemed  to  give  the  view  held  almost 
universally  in  New  England.  We  have  not  space  here  to  go 
into  the  discussion  as  it  was  carried  on  in  the  important  Prov- 
inces of  New  York  and  Virginia,  where  a  very  different  feeling 
prevailed:  in  Virginia  especially,  where  "out  of  a  Hundred 
clergymen,  Four  [alone]  have  publicly  opposed  an  Application 
for  American  Bishops."  We  close  with  these  conciliatory  words 
spoken  before  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in 
1772  by  the  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph's  and  reprinted  in  Boston  in 
1773,  —  "words,"  says  the  American  re-publisher  of  them, 
"  eminently  worthy  of  the  attention  of  Episcopalians  in  this  part 
of  the  world  :  — 

"  Had  these  settlements  been  left  to  shift  for  themselves,  they  would 
have  perished.  .  .  .  But  Britain  from  the  beginning  has  treated  her  col- 
onies in  a  very  different  manner.  She  has  not  sold  them  her  protection 
at  the  price  of  their  liberty  •  she  has  always  been  ready  to  encourage 
their  industry,  to  relieve  their  wants,  and  to  revenge  their  injuries  ;  and 
has  sought  no  other  advantage  from  so  generous  a  conduct  but  the 
mutual  benefit  arising  to  distant  countries  from  the  supply  of  each  other's 
wants. 

"The  interest  of  Britain,  considered  singly  by  itself,  ought  not  at 
present  to  be  the  sole ;  and  in  a  few  ages  may  not  be  the  most  consider- 
able object  of  attention.  We  have  already  tried  what  advantage  is  to 
be  found  in  governing  by  force,  and  have  no  reason  to  be  proud  of  the 
experiment." 


2  So 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


It  will  be  seen,  in  the  chapters  which  are  to  follow,  how  King's 
Chapel  —  founded  as  the  first  Episcopal  congregation  in  New 
England,  and  rich  in  so  many  memories  of  a  time  when  loyalty 
to  Altar  and  Crown  made  not  only  the  dominant  passion  but 
the  political  ambition  of  the  communion  in  which  it  had  a  part 
—  felt  at  length  the  touch  of  the  revolutionary  temper;  how  its 
constituency  became  altered  under  the  pressure  of  the  same 
series  of  events  that  led  the  way  to  national  independence ;  and 
how,  in  its  later  history,  it  has  shared  more  in  the  social  and 
intellectual  life  that  has  made  our  community  characteristically 
different  than  in  the  ecclesiastical  life  that  once  made  it  spirit- 
ually one  with  the  august  historic  Establishment  whose  traditions 
it  once  sought  to  naturalize  upon  this  Continent. 


FIRST   CHURCH. 


CHAPTER    XVIII. 

GOVERNOR   GAGE.  — SIR   WILLIAM    HOWE.  — THE    REVOLUTION 
SIEGE   OF   BOSTON. 


GOVERNOR  HUTCHINSON,  on  leaving 
the  Province,  June  i,  1774,  "  received  the 
several  addresses  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty  of  the  merchants  and  principal  gen- 
tlemen of  the  town  of  Boston,  of  very  rep- 
/  utable  characters,  of  the  gentlemen  of  the 

[P^  law,  with  three  or  four   exceptions   only,    of 
■  the  Episcopal  clergy,  of  the  magistrates  of  the 
county  of  Middlesex,"  etc.^      We  copy  from  the 
Eve7iing  Post  of  May  30  the  following  "  Address  of 
the  Episcopal    Ministers  and  Wardens,"  presented   to 
im  the  preceding  Monday  at  the  Castle:  — 

IR, 

The  Ministers  of  the  Episcopal  Churches  in  Boston  and  the 
neighbouring  Towns,  with  as  many  of  the  Wardens  as  could  con- 
veniently attend,  hearing  of  your  intention  to  embark  in  a  short 
time  for  England,  beg  leave  to  express  our  unfeigned  gratitude 
for  your  generous  attention  and  unwearied  application  to  the  important 
interests  of  this  Province,  in  which  your  wisdom  and  integrity  have  been 
equally  conspicuous.  If  any  of  our  fellow-citizens  have  viewed  your 
Administration  in  a  less  favourable  light,  we  are  persuaded  it  must  be 
owing  to  some  misapprehension  of  your  Excellency's  intentions. 

But  that  which  falls  more  immediately  within  our  province,  is  the  re- 
gard you  have  always  paid  to  the  interests  of  Religion,  and  the  favour- 
able notice  you  have  taken  of  the  Church  of  England  within  your  Govern- 
ment. Be  pleased,  Sir,  to  accept  this  sincere  testimony  of  our  Respect 
and  Gratitude,  together  with  our  earnest  Prayers,  that  the  Divine  Blessing 
may  attend  you,  through  the  remaining  stages  of  your  life,  and  reward 
you  with  an  eternity  of  happiness  in  the  life  to  come. 

To  which  his  Excellency  was  pleased  to  return  the  following  Answer, 
Gentlemen, 

Whatever  favourable  notice  I  may  have  taken  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, the  grateful  return  you  have  made  in  this  mark  of  respect  is  alone 

1  Hutchinson,  iii.  459.  See  List  of  Ad-  Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings  for  October, 
dressers,  their  occupations,  etc.,  in  Mass.     1870,  xi.  392-395. 


282 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


an  ample  reward,  and  will  be  an  additional  inducement  to  me  in  what- 
ever station  I  may  be  the  remaining  part  of  my  life,  sincerely  to  wish 
your  prosperity,  and  to  contribute  everything  in  my  power  to  the 
advancement  of  the  interest  of  Religion  among  you. 

This  Business  being  finished,  His  Excellency,  His  Majesty's  Council, 
and  the  Honorable-House  of  Representatives,  &c.  went  in  Procession  to 
the  Old  Brick  Meeting-House,  where  a  Sermon  was  preached  before 
them  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Gad  Hitchcock  of  Pembroke,  from  those  Words 
in  Proverbs,  chap.  xxix.  v.  2.  When  the  righteous  are  i?i  authority,  the 
people  rejoice  ;  but  when  the  wicked  beareth  rule,  the  people  mourti. 

General  Thomas  Gage  was  nominated  Governor  by  the 
British    Government    in    Council,  May    2,    1774,   on   Governor 

Hutchinson's  decision  to  go 
to  England,  Lieutenant- 
Governor  Oliver  having 
died  just  before.^ 

As  the  last  illustrations  of 
stately  ceremony  under  the 
Colonial  Government,  the 
following  extracts  from  the 
journals  of  the  day  will  be 
of  interest:  — 

Boston.  May  23.  1774. 
On  Tuesday  last,  at  12  o'clock 
his  Excellency  Thomas  Gage, 
appointed  to  the  Government 
of  this  province,  landed  at  the 
Long- Wharf,  where  a  number 
of  his  Majesty's  Council,  several 
Members  of  the  Commons 
House  of  Assembly,  many 
principal  Gentlemen  of  this 
town,  and  the  Governor's,  or 
Cadet  Company,  under  arms, 
waited  his  arrival.  The  Cadet  company  escorted  his  Excellency  (whose 
commission  was  borne  before  him)  and  the  gentlemen  aforesaid  up  the 


/^ 


*  General  Gage  was  descended  from 
John  Gage,  who  was  made  a  Baronet  by 
James  L  His  father,  Thomas,  8th  Bart., 
was  created  in  the  Irish  peerage,  Vis- 
count Gage  of  Castle-Island  and  Baron 
of  Castle-Bar.  He  had  two  sons,  of 
whom  the  elder,  William  Hall,  succeeded 
him,  December,  1754,  and  was  advanced 


to  the  English  peerage,  1780,  by  the  title 
of  Baron  Gage  of  Thirle.  The  second 
son,  Gen.  Thomas  Gage  [born  1721], 
married,  Dec.  8,  1758,  Margaret,  daugh- 
ter of  Peter  Kemble,  Esq.  [of  New  Jer- 
sey], by  whom  he  had  eleven  children. — 
The  New  Peerage,  London,  1784,  iii. 
249.     "  The  family  can  be  traced  for  sev- 


THE   REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  283 

Long-Wharf,  and  through  King-street,  to  the  Council-chamber.  The 
troop  of  Horse,  under  the  Command  of  Major  Snelling,  the  company 
of  Artillery  commanded  by  Major  Paddock,  the  Company  of  Grenadiers 
commanded  by  Lieut.  Pierce,  and  the  several  companies  of  Militia,  under 
the  command  of  Colonel  Erving,  were  under  Arms  in  King-street ;  the 
respective  officers  saluted  his  Excellency  as  he  passed,  and  he  politely 
returned  their  salutes.  —  After  his  arrival  at  the  Council-chamber,  his 
Commissions  as  Governor  and  Vice-Admiral  of  the  Province  were  read, 
and  after  the  usual  ceremonies  were  past  his  Excellency  was  sworn  in  by 
the  President  of  his  Majesty's  Council.  His  ^Excellency's  Proclamation 
for  continuing  all  officers  ^c.  in  their  places  till  further  orders  was  then 
read  by  the  High  Sheriff  in  the  balcony  of  the  State-House,  which  was 
answered  by  three  huzzas,  a  firing  of  cannon  from  the  batteries,  and 
company  of  Artillery,  and  three  vollies  from  the  respective  companies 
then  ensued.  His  Excellency  received  the  compliments  of  civil  and 
military  officers,  and  other  gentry,  and  after  reviewing  the  Militia,  &c. 
was  escorted  by  the  Cadet  company  to  Faneuil-Hall  (where  an  elegant 
entertainment  was  provided  at  the  expence  of  the  Province),  attended 
by  the  Members  of  his  Majesty's  Council,  several  of  the  honourable 
House  of  Representatives,  a  number  of  the  Clergy,  and  other  respect- 
able Gentlemen.  Many  loyal  toasts  were  drank,  and  the  strictest  har- 
mony and  decorum  observed.  After  dinner  his  Excellency  rode  in  a 
Carriage  to  the  Province-House,  where  we  hear  he  is  to  reside  for  a  few 
days  at  least.  Notwithstanding  the  rain,  and  badness  of  the  day,  there 
was  a  vast  concourse  of  people  assembled  on  the  occasion. — EveJiing 
Post. 

His  Excellency,  the  Commander  m  Chief,  has  been  pleased  to  pro- 
mote the  Right  Hon.  Earl  Percy  and  Col.  Pigott  to  the  Rank  of  Briga- 
dier Generals. 

On  Saturday  arrived  here  three  Transports,  from  Halifax,  having  on 
board  a  Company  of  Artillery,  and  the  59''3  Regiment,  under  the  Com- 
mand of  Lieutenant  Col.  Otho  Hamilton,  who  are  to  encamp  at  Salem. 

Sunday  last  arrived  in  this  harbour,  the  Transports  from  New-York, 
having  on  board  his  Majesty's  Royal  Regiment  of  Welch  Fuzileers,  under 
the  Command  of  Colonel  P)arnard  (one  of  the  six  renowned  British 
Corps,  to  whose  Valor  and  Intrepedity,  the  ever  memorable  Victory  at 
Mendin  was  gloriously  acquired  the  i^'  of  August  1759  ;  where  a  French 
Army  of  80,000  Men  was  worsted  and  put  to  Flight  by  the  Allies  (not 

eral  generations  prior  to  Sir  John  Gage,  as  commander-in-chief.  He  died  April  2, 
K.  G.,  distinguished  in  the  reign  of  1788,  and  his  widow  in  1824.  His  son 
Henry  VIII."  General  Gage  entered  Henry  succeeded  his  uncle  in  1791  as 
the  army  early,  was  a  lieutenant-colonel  third  Viscount  Gage  of  Ireland  and  see- 
in  Braddock's  expedition,  and  was  se-  ond  Baron  Gage  of  England.  He  mar- 
verely  wounded.  After  the  conquest  of  ried  in  1782  Susannah  Maria,  daughter 
Canada  he  was  made  Governor  of  Mon-  of  Col.  William  Skinner  of  New  Jer- 
treal, succeeding  General  Amherst  in  1763  sey.  — Heraldic  JotD-iial,  iii.  148. 


284  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

above  half  their  Number)  where  the  British  Infantry  and  a  few  Hano- 
verian Battalions  alone  were  engaged).  They  are  encamped  on  Fort 
Hill. — Newsletter,  Aug.  11,  1774- 

The  following  extracts  from  a  private  diary  give  a  vivid  idea 
of  the  formidable  preparations  then  making  to  maintain  the 
royal  authority  by  military  force :  — 

1774.  May  13.  H.  M.  ship  "Lively"  from  London,  with  General 
Gage  on  board. 

June  I.  Port  of  Boston  by  the  cruel  edict  of  the  British  Parliament  is 
shut  up.  Tell  it  in  Gath,  publish  it  in  Askelon.  Three  transports,  with 
troops  on  board,  arrived  at  Nantasket  road,  from  England. 

June  14.  The  4'^,  or  King's  own  Regiment,  landed  at  Long  Wharf, 
and  marched  to  the  common,  where  they  encamped. 

June  15"?.  Wednesday,  fair;  pleasant;  P.  M.  rain  and  thunder. 
A.  M.  43?  Regiment  landed  at  the  Long  Wharf,  and  marched  to  the  com- 
mon, and  there  encamped.  Most  of  the  stores  on  the  Long  Wharf  are 
now  shut  up.  Thus  are  we  surrounded  with  fleet  and  army,  the  harbor 
shut,  all  navigation  cease,  and  not  one  topsail  vessel  to  be  seen  but  those 
of  our  enemies.     Oh,  let  not  posterity  forget  our  sufferings. 

July  I.  Friday,  small  showers  in  morning.  Admiral  Greaves  arrived 
with  his  fleet,  from  London.  More  transports  arrived  from  Ireland  with 
S^.l"  and  38"  Regiments. 

July  2""^  Saturday,  fair,  warm,  A.  M.  Artillery  from  Castle  William 
landed,  with  eight  brass  cannon,  and  encamped  in  the  common.  258 
sheep  given  for  the  relief  of  this  town  by  the  town  of  Windham,  in  Con- 
necticut.    (I  cut  my  hair  off.) 

July  4.  Monday,  fair ;  pleasant.  38'^  Regiment  landed  at  Hancock's 
Wharf,  encamped  in  the  common. 

July  s'"?  Tuesday,  fair ;  pleasant.  5'-  Regiment  landed  at  Long 
Wharf,  [and]  encamped  in  common. 

1 4'.'^  Thursday,  fair ;  pi.  A  day  of  prayer  through  the  Province  ;  not 
by  authority. 

Aug.  6"?  Saturday,  raw ;  cold  A.  M.  The  Scarboro.  man-of-war  ar- 
rived, nine  weeks  from  England ;  P.  M.  three  transports  from  Halifax 
with  the  59'.^  Regiment  on  board,  and  company  of  Artillery,  and  brass 
cannon,  eight  days  out.  (The  sq'!'  Regiment  some  time  the  next  week 
landed  at  Salem,  and  encamped.) 

Aug.  f^.  Lord's  Day,  fair.  A.  M.  three  transports  from  New  York 
with  the  Royal  Artillery,  and  a  quantity  of  ordnance  stores  &c. 

Aug.  9.  Tuesday,  fair.  This  morning  the  regiment  Welsh  Fusileers, 
or  23?.  Regiment,  landed  at  Long  Wharf,  and  encamped  on  Fort  Hill. 
Town  meeting. 

Sept.  9"?  1774.  Friday,  raw;  cold.  At  8  O'clock  this  morning. 
Valentine  Dukett  of  the  {d^-  Regiment,  now  at  Halifax)  was  shot,  for 
desertion,  on  our  common,  in  the  rear  of  the  camp.  P.  M.  rain. 


THE   REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  285 

Sept.  13.  Tuesday,  cloudy.  Town  meeting,  pr.  adjournment.  At 
night :  rain.  P.  M.  the  59'-  Regiment  arrived  in  town  from  Salem  and 
are  now  encamped  on  our  Boston  Neck. 

Oct.  10,  1774.  Last  Saturday,  towards  Evening,  a  duel  was  fought 
on  Noddle's  Island,  with  pistols,  between  Capt.  Maltby,  of  the  Glasgow 
man-of-war,  and  Mr.  Finney,  late  lieutenant  of  the  Marines,  on  board  of 
the  same  ship,  when  the  latter  received  a  ball  through  his  neck  (not 
mortal),  — not  fair  play,  as  they  say,  —  by  the  captain. 

Oct.  12.  Wednesday,  fair,  pleasant.  Last  Night  the  Rose  man-of- 
war  arrived  here  from  Newfoundland,  with  three  companies  of  the 
65  -  Regiment 

14"'  Friday.  This  morning  the  three  companies  of  the  65"?  Regiment 
landed,  and  [are]  now  in  barracks  in  King  St.     Rain  in  the  evening. 

Oct.  23''''.  Lord's  Day.  This  day,  four  transports  arrived  here  from 
New  York,  with  a  company  of  royal  artillery,  a  large  quantity  of  ordnance 
stores  for  Castle  WiUiam,  three  companies  of  the  Royal  Regiment  of 
Ireland,  or  the  18'^  Regiment,  and  the  47'.!'  Regiment  on  board. 

Oct.  29.  Arrived  here  several  transports,  with  troops  on  board,  from 
Quebec,  —  lo'l"  and  52  Regiments. 

Dec.  4'" .  Yesterday  arrived  the  Scarborough  man-of-war  which  went 
express  from  hence  to  Eng.  the  beginning  of  September  last. 

Dec.  i7''>  This  Day  the  Boyne  man-of-war  of  64  guns,  and  the  Asia 
of  60  guns,  lately  arrived  below,  came  up  into  this  harbor,  and  are  at 
anchor  within  musket-shot  of  the  town.-^ 

This  sudden  massing  of  troops  in  the  little  town  could  not  be 
without  extreme  inconvenience  and  distress,  of  which  we  find  a 
picture  in  the  letters  of  John  Andrews,  who  was  engaged  in 
business  in  Boston  during  this  time  of  trouble  :  ^  — 

Sunday,  Nov.  13"^  1774  The  soldiers  that  are  in  encampment  are  so 
much  exposed  to  the  weather  that  their  women  and  children  die  off  very 
fast :  which  has  caused  the  General  to  order  the  workmen  that  they 
work  all  this  day  upon  the  Barracks. 

Nov.  1 5  ■'3  This  day  we  have  had  a  general  flurry,  as  all  the  troops 
have  gone  into  barracks  both  from  the  Ships,  and  encampments  —  that 
it  is  hoped  the  Cowes  will  once  more  have  the  privilege  of  grazing  upon 
the  Common.  Have  been  three  times  down  to  the  vessel  and  have  not 
been  able  to  find  any  of  your  gentry  of  the  i8-''  —  and  this  forenoon 
went  to  their  barracks  (being  your  Uncle  Green's  Distil  house)  but  could 
find  no  Officer  there  but  a  Quarter  Master. 

January  4'}}  1775  The  Discontent  of  the  Soldiers  has  become  so 
general  tliat  they  have  doubled  all  the  guards,  and  made  one  or  two 

1  Diary  of  Thomas  Newell,  printed  2  Compiled  by  Winthrop  Sargent  and 

in  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings  for  Oc-     printed  in  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings, 
tober,  1877,  XV.  352-363.  viii.  384-400. 


286  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

regiments  lay  under  arms,  as  well  as  that  they  have  fixed  a  field  piece  in 
the  centre  of  the  Town  to  be  fired  in  case  of  Mutiny,  whereby  all  those 
that  are  not  concerned  in  it  are  to  appear  under  arms. 

Jan.  6"  This  morning  we  had  quite  a  novel  sight.  The  Sailors  be- 
longing to  the  Transports,  consisting  of  about  30  or  40  dressed  in  white 
shirts  ornamented  with  various  colored  ribbons  disposed  crossways  on 
their  bodies  with  knots  and  garlands  paraded  each  side  of  a  long  rope 
dragging  a  plow,  accompanied  with  one  completely  tared  and  feathered, 
representing  a  He  Devil  together  with  a  She  Devil,  and  an  attendant  each 
furnished  with  a  bag  to  collect  money,  stopping  every  person  of  genteel 
appearance  to  request  a  remembrance  of  Old  Eng.,  wishing  'em  a  Merry 
Christmas.  The  former  looked  as  completely  like  the  Devil  as  the  most 
fertile  invention  could  form  an  idea  of  or  picture.  The  General  gave 
them  two  half  Joes,  and  it  is  supposed  that  they  collected  at  least  forty 
guineas.  Tlie  design  of  it  was  to  celebrate  the  twelfth  night,  or  the 
breaking  up  of  Christmas. 

Jan.  9*  For  this  fortnight  past,  scarce  a  day  passes  without  three  or 
four  Soldiers'  funerals  :  a  spot  of  ground  at  the  bottom  of  the  common 
being  allotted  for  them  which  they  have  improved  for  upwards  of  a  hun- 
dred already. 

March  i8-^.  An  express  came  to  the  governor  with  letters  by  the 
packet  on  Wednesday  evening,  but  nothing  transpired  but  to  a  few  of 
his  refugee  concellor's,  who  have  been  observed  ever  since  to  be  much 

crest  fallen.     Old  B he  was  heard  to  exclaim  yesterday  —  "We 

shall  lose  the  day,  Good  God  what  will  become  of  us  ?  "  —  A  certain 
Reverend  Dr.  of  the  Established  Church  in  this  town  has  lately  said  that 
he  would  rather  wade  up  to  his  knees  in  blood  than  that  the  Ministry 
should  give  way.  Thursday  was  observed  here  as  a  general  fast.  An 
Officer  with  men  from  the  4*'-  Regiment  in  Barracks  in  West  Boston 
erected  a  couple  of  tents  just  at  the  back  of  Howard's  meeting  and  con- 
ducted a  parcel  of  fifes  and  drums  there,  which  played  and  beat  Yankee 
Doodle  the  whole  forenoon  service  time,  to  the  great  interruption  of  the 
congregation.  They  intended  to  repeat  the  same  in  the  Afternoon,  but 
were  prevented  by  orders  from  the  General. 

Among  other  evidences  of  the  increasing  estrangement  may 
be  recorded  the  following  action  of  the  Congregational  ministers 
of  Boston  :  ^  — 

The  associated  pastors  being  met  at  the  Lodgings  of  Mr.  Howe,  the 
Rev''  D'-  Chauncey  motioned  that  we  should  agree  to  read  no  proclama- 
tions which  may  in  future  time  be  issued  by  the  governor  and  council  for 
Days  of  Public  Thanksgiving  or  Fasting  and  Prayer.  —  The  motion  being 
considered, 

1  From  the  Records  of  the  Boston     gregational  Clergy  in  1774,"  2  Mass.  Hist. 
Association,  November  28,  1774.     Com-     Collections,  ii.  257. 
pare  "  On  the  Attitude  of  the  Boston  Con- 


THE    REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  287 

Voted  unanimously,  That  in  as  much  as  there  have  been  frequently 
paragraphs  in  the  proclamations  for  Days  of  Thanksgiving  very  displeas- 
ing to  us,  and  many  of  our  people,  we  will  not  for  the  time  to  come  read 
any  proclamations  which  may  be  issued  by  the  Authority  of  the  Province 
for  the  observance  of  such  Days. 

Doctor  Chauncey  then  observed  that  the  pastors  of  these  churches 
had  in  times  past  been  brought  into  difficulties  by  making  Addresses  to 
Governors  at  their  first  arival,  and  moved,  that  we  come  into  an  agre- 
ment  to  drop  the  practice  for  the  time  to  come,  in  as  much  as  it  has  a 
tendency  to  involve  us  in  difficulties,  and  lead  us  to  speak  flattering 
words,  unbecoming  the  character  of  Gospel  ministers,  —  Therefore, 

Voted  unanimously,  That  for  the  time  to  come,  we  will  make  no 
Addresses  to  any  Governour  that  may  be  appointed  over  the  Province. 

The  story  of  the  events  that  followed  in  the  ensuing  spring 
will  here  be  given,  briefly,  in  the  words  of  the  original  testimony. 
The  first  is  copied  from  the  manuscript  diary  of  John  Rovve :  ^ 

^775-  17  March  .  .  .  this  being  S^  Patrick's  the  officers  in  Number 
about  sixty  walked  in  Procession  with  a  Chosen  Band  of  Musick  to 
Kings  Chapell,  where  a  Sermon  was  Preach'd  by  the  Rev*^  M"'  Nicholls. 
They  Returned  in  the  same  manner  and  Dined  at  Colo.  Ingersoll's  in 
King  Street. 

19  Aprill  [1775]  Wednesday.  Last  night  the  Grenadiers  of  Light  Com- 
panies belonging  to  the  Severall  Regiments  in  this  Town  were  ferry'd 
over  Charles  River  &  Landed  on  Phipps  Farm  in  Cambridge  from 
whence  they  proceeded  on  their  Way  to  Concord,  where  they  arriv'd 
early  this  day.  On  their  March  they  had  a  Skirmish  with  Some  Country 
People  at  Lexington. 

The  First  Brigade  commanded  by  Lord  Piercy  with  Two  pieces  of 
Artillery  set  off  from  this  Town  this  morning  ab'  Ten  of  Clock  as  a  Rein- 
forcement, which  with  the  Grenadiers  of  Light  Infantry  made  about  eigh- 
teen hundred  Men.  The  People  in  the  Country  had  Notice  of  this 
movement  early  in  the  Night.  Alarm  Guns  were  fir'd  thro'  the  Country 
&  Expresses  sent  off  to  the  Different  Towns,  so  that  very  early  this 
morning  Large  Numbers  from  all  Parts  of  the  Country  were  Assembled. 

A  Generall  Battle  Ensued  which  from  what  I  can  Learn  was  supported 
with  Great  Spirit  on  both  Sides,  and  continued  untill  the  King's  Troops 
got  back  to  Charlestown  which  was  near  Sunset.  Numbers  are  kill'd 
&  wounded  on  Both  Sides.  Cap'  Linzee  and  Cap^  Collins  in  two  small 
Arm'd  Vessells  were  orderd  up  Charles  River  to  Bring  off  the  Troops 
to  Boston,  but  Lord  Percy  &  Generall  Smith  thought  Proper  to  encamp 
on  Bunker's  Hill  this  Night.  This  Unhappy  Affair  is  a  shocking  Introduc- 
tion to  all  the  Miseries  of  a  Civil  Warr.^ 

1  In  the  possession  of  Mrs.  C.  L.  from  Dr.  J.  G.  Palfrey  :  "  In  the  spring 
Cunningham,  East  Milton.  of  1603,  the   family  of  Stuart  ascended 

2  The  following  reminiscence  is  copied     the  throne  of  England.     At  the  end  of 


288  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

2  0  Aprill,  Thursday.  Cold  Weather,  Wind  N.  W.  .  .  .  Tis  said  many 
thousands  of  Country  People  are  at  Roxbury  &  in  the  Neighborhood. 
The  People  in  Town  are  Alarm'd,  &  the  Entrenchment  on  Boston  Neck 
double  Guarded. 

21.  Aprill  Fryday.  Cold  Weather  Wind  N.  E.  The  Reinforcement 
That  was  sent  to  Charltown  by  the  Gen'  are  Returnd  to,  &  the  64"" 
Regim'  that  was  at  the  CasUe  are  now  in  Boston  Town  House.  All  Bussi- 
ness  at  an  End  and  the  Communication  stop'd  between  the  Town  & 
Country.  No  Fresh  Provision  of  any  kind  brought  to  this  market.  So 
that  Boston  is  in  a  most  Distress'd  Condition.  I  Din'd  at  home  with 
Cap'  Linzee  Mrs.  Rowe  M"  Linzee  AT  Inman  &  Geo  Inman. 

22  Aprill   1775  ...  .  M'  Nicholls  sent  Jack  home  last  night 

&  Broke  up  his  School.-^ 

It  was  remembered  by  the  son  of  Dr.  Andrew  Eliot,  the  faith- 
ful and  honored  minister  of  the  New  North  Church,  who  lived 
at  the  north  part  of  the  town,  where  he  could  see  from  his 
windows  the  ground  beyond  Charlestown,  that  on  the  evening 
of  that  memorable  day,  as  the  noise  and  smoke  of  the  pursuing 
militia  were  seen  and  heard,  answered  ever  and  anon  by  the 
dull  responsive  roar  of  the  British  field-pieces,  the  good  man 
paced  his  study  floor  wringing  his  hands  in  despair,  at  the 
opening  of  the  long  struggle  the  close  of  which  he  did  not 
live  to  see.  We  would  fain  believe  that  Dr.  Caner,  with  all  his 
loyalty  to  King  George,  shared  this  Christian  sorrow.  A  letter 
of  his,  dated  June  2,  expresses  strongly  the  distress  and  anxiety 

eighty-six  years,  Massachusetts  having  National  Capital."  —  History  of  N'ew 
been  betrayed  to  her  enemies  by  her  England,  iii.,  Preface, 
most  eminent  and  trusted  citizen,  Joseph  ^  Mr.  Harrison  Gray  Otis  well  re- 
Dudley,  the  people,  on  the  19th  day  of  membered  the  morning  of  the  19th  of 
April,  1689,  committed  their  prisoner,  April,  1775;  for  on  leaving  his  father's 
the  deputy  of  the  Stuart  king,  to  the  fort  house  to  attend  the  Latin  School  as 
in  Boston  which  he  had  built  to  overawe  usual,  he  found  the  whole  of  what  is  now 
them.  Another  eighty-six  years  passed,  Tremont  Street  lined  by  the  brigade  com- 
and  Massachusetts  had  been  betrayed  to  manded  by  Lord  Percy,  afterwards  the 
her  enemies  by  her  most  eminent  and  Duke  of  Northumberland.  The  troops 
trusted  citizen,  Thomas  Hutchinson,  were  drawn  up  from  Scollay's  Square  to 
when  at  Lexington  and  Concord,  on  the  far  beyond  School  street,  and  he  was  not 
19th  of  April,  1 775,  her  farmers  struck  allowed  to  pass  into  School  Street,  so, 
the  first  blow  in  the  War  of  American  going  round  by  that  square,  he  reached 
Independence.  Another  eighty-six  years  the  school  in  time  to  hear  Master  Lovell 
ensued,  and  a  domination  of  slave-hold-  give  the  order,  "  Deponite  libros."  There 
ers,  more  odious  than  that  of  Stuarts  or  were  no  lessons  on  that  day,  and  Lord 
of  Guelphs,  had  been  fastened  upon  her,  Percy  marched  out  and  covered  the  re- 
when,  on  the  19th  of  April,  1861,  the  treat  of  the  King's  troops  on  the  road 
streets  of  Baltimore  were  stained  by  the  from  Lexington.  —  Memorial  Biographies 
blood  of  her  soldiers  on  their  way  to  up-  of  N.  E.  Historic  Genealogical  Society, 
hold  liberty  and  law  by  the  rescue  of  the  i.  148. 


THE    REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  289 

felt  by  the  Loyalists  when  the  ugly  realities  of  war  began  to 
force  themselves  upon  the  public  mind :  — 

Since  this  action  the  Town  is  surrounded  by  the  Rebels  to  the  number 
of  twelve  or  as  some  say  twenty  thousand.  They  are  entrenching  a  short 
distance  from  the  Camp  &  threaten  to  attempt  both  that  &  the  Town  by 
storm.  They  have  burnt  &  destroyed  most  of  the  houses  «&  barns,  & 
drove  away  all  the  cattle  without  the  Town,  so  that  neither  the  Army  nor 
Inhabitants  can  have  either  provision  for  themselves  or  forage  for  their 
horses  but  what  must  come  from  England  or  Ireland.  ...  In  short  we 
are  all  of  us  in  a  distressful  condition.  In  the  Town  we  are  exposed  to 
famine  ;  in  the  Country  to  the  Sword.  The  town  is  steadily  beseiged,  & 
whether  the  King's  troops  are  not  thought  strong  enough  or  whether  the 
General  has  no  fighting  orders  I  cannot  say  ;  but  this  I  am  certain  of,  that 
unless  something  be  speedily  done  the  Town  will  fall  into  the  hands  of  the 
Rebels  &  we  shall  all  of  us  be  put  to  the  Sword.  The  prospect  of  such  an 
event,  together  with  the  barbarities  committed  by  the  Rebels,  has  so  in- 
timidated many  of  the  King's  loyal  subjects  that  they  have  fled  and  are 
daily  flying  to  Halifax,  to  Quebec,  to  the  West  Indies  &  to  England. 

No  letters  can  come  to  us  but  such  as  are  enclosed  in  the  General's 
Packets  or  sent  by  a  King's  ship  bound  directly  into  this  Port. 

I  am.  Rev.  Sir.  &?  H.  Caner. 

We  have  been  favored  with  some  letters  never  before  pub- 
lished,^ written  by  Dr.  Andrew  Eliot,  which  give  a  more  vivid 
picture  of  the  next  eleven  months'   story  than   anything  with 

which  we  have  elsewhere  met. 

Boston.  April  25.  1775. 
To  Thomas  Brand  Hollis. 

.  .  .  Filled  with  the  troops  of  Britain,  &  surrounded  by  a  Provincial 
Army,  all  communication  with  the  country  is  cut  off,  &  we  wholly  de- 
prived of  the  necessaries  of  Life ;  and  this  Mart,  principal  Mart  of 
America,  is  become  a  poor  garrison  Town.  The  Inhabitants  have  been 
confined  to  the  City  more  than  a  week,  &  no  person  is  suffered  to  enter. 
—  At  length  the  General  hath  consented  that  if  the  Inhabitants  would 
deliver  their  Arms  they  should  be  suffered  to  depart.  This  proposal, 
humiliating  as  it  is,  hath  been  complied  with.  —  In  consequence  of  this 
agreement,  almost  all  are  leaving  their  pleasant  habitations  &  going  they 
know  not  whither  —  The  most  are  obliged  to  leave  their  furniture  & 
effects  of  every  kind,  &  indeed  their  all,  to  the  uncertain  chance  of  War, 
or  rather  to  certain  ruin  &  destruction.  —  The  last  week  I  thought  my- 
self in  comfortable  circumstances,  —  had  a  convenient  dwelling  well 
furnished,  —  a  fine  Library  —  attended  by  a  large,  affectionate,  &  gen- 
erous congregation,  —  happy  in  a  consort,  one  of  the  best  of  Women,  & 
surrounded  by  a  large  number  of  desirable  children  :  —  Now,  I  am  by 

1  After  this  paragraph  was  written  by  printed  in  the  Mass.  Hist.  Society's  Pro- 
Mr.  Foote,  some  of  these  letters  were     ceedings,  xvi.  281  ^Z  j^^.  —  Editor. 

VOL.  II.  — 19 


290  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

a  cruel  necessity  turned  out  of  my  House,  must  leave  my  books  &:  all  I 
possess,  perhaps  to  be  destroyed  by  a  licentious  Soldiery ;  my  beloved 
congregation  dispersed,  my  dear  Wife  retreating  to  a  distant  part  of  tlie 
country,  my  children  wandering,  not  knowing  whither  to  go,  perhaps  left 
to  perish  for  want,  —  myself  soon  to  leave  this  devoted  capital,  happy  if 
I  can  find  some  obscure  corner,  wh.  will  afford  me  a  bare  subsistence.  I 
wish  to  God  the  Authors  of  our  Misery  could  be  witnesses  to  it.  They 
must  have  hearts  harder  than  Adamant  if  they  did  not  relent  &  pity  us.  .  .  . 
Great  Britain  may  ruin  the  Colonies,  but  she  will  never  subjugate 
them.  They  will  hold  out  to  the  last  Gasp.  ...  In  this  confusion  the 
College  is  broken  up  :  nothing  is  talked  of  but  War. 

Boston,  June  19,  1775. 
To  Mr.  Isaac  Smith  Jr.,  London. 

My  dear  Sir,  According  to  your  desire  I  write  to  acquaint  you  with 
the  state  of  things  in  Boston.  You  left  us  shut  up,  &  the  people  remov- 
ing from  the  town  as  fast  as  they  were  permitted.  I  am  told  that  more 
than  nine  thousand  are  removed.  Many  more  are  preparing  to  follow,  — 
but  passes  have  been  stopped  for  some  time.  I  tarried  out  of  regard  to 
the  Inhabitants  who  were  left,  that  they  might  not  be  without  ordinances 
&  worship  in  the  way  which  they  chose.  The  last  Saturday  gave  us  a 
dreadful  specimen  of  the  horrors  of  civil  war.  Early  on  Sat.  Morn?  we 
were  alarmed  by  the  firing  of  Cannon  from  the  Fort  wh.  is  erected  on 
Copp's  Hill,  &  from  the  Ships  which  lye  in  Charles  River.  Upon  enquiry 
it  was  found  that  the  Provincials  had  been  forming  lines  on  a  hill  below 
the  Hill  in  Charlestown,  commonly  called  Bunker's  Hill.  This  Intrench- 
ment  was  calculated  extremely  well  to  annoy  Boston,  &  the  Ships  in  the 
Harbour.  —  About  i  o'clk  a  large  Body  of  British  troops  set  off  from 
Boston  to  attack  these  lines.  About  three  o'clk  the  engagement  began, 
&  lasted  perhaps  an  hour,  —  great  part  of  the  time  the  firing  seemed  in- 
cessant. —  It  seems  the  Troops  stormed  the  lines  &  after  a  warm  oppo- 
sition carried  them.  —  Perhaps  there  has  seldom  been  a  more  desperate 
action.  As  the  Provincials  were  up  to  the  chin  intrenched,  they  made  a 
great  slaughter  of  the  King's  Troops  before  they  retreated.  How  many 
were  killed  on  each  side  it  is  impossible  for  me  to  say.  It  is  generally 
agreed  that  70  or  80  officers  were  killed  or  wounded  on  the  side  of  the 
Regulars.  It  was  a  new  &  awful  spectacle  to  us,  to  have  men  carried 
through  the  Streets  groaning,  bleeding  &  dying.  Some  of  the  best 
officers  are  taken  off,  &  some  hundreds  of  the  privates.  The  attack  was 
commanded  by  Gen.  Howe.  How  the  Provincials  have  suffered  is  not 
yet  known,  nor  indeed  shall  I  pretend  to  give  a  particular  account  of  this 
terrible  scene.  You  must  take  this  from  the  prints.  Dr.  Warren  is 
among  the  slain.  It  is  said  he  had  the  chief  direction  of  the  Defence. 
If  this  is  true,  it  seems  to  me  he  was  out  of  his  line.  Since  this  action  the 
King's  Troops  have  taken  possession  of  Bunker's  Hill,  &  fortified  it 
strongly.     On  the  other  side  the  Provincials  are  intrenching  themselves 


THE   REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  291 

on  the  hill  back  of  the  road  in  Charlestown,  just  beyond  the  two  mile 
stone.  Amidst  the  carnage  of  Saturday  the  Town  of  Charlestown  was 
set  on  fire,  &  I  suppose  every  dwelling  house  &  every  public  building  is 
consumed  till  you  have  passed  the  passage  to  the  Mills,  &  are  come  to 
the  houses  where  Woods  the  Baker  dwelt.  You  may  easily  judge  what 
distress  we  were  in  to  see  &  hear  Englishmen  destroying  one  another,  & 
a  town  with  wh.  we  have  been  so  intimately  connected  all  in  flames.  — 
We  are  left  in  anxious  expectation  of  the  event.  God  grant  the  blood 
already  spilt  may  suffice,  —  but  this  we  cannot  reasonably  expect.  —  May 
we  be  prepared  for  every  event. 

The  Burial  Register  of  our  Church  bears  silent  witness  to  the 
sufferings  and  privations  which  fell  on  Loyalists  and  Patriots 
equally,  during  the  Siege  of  Boston.  We  find  recorded  in  this 
single  parish  record  over  seventy  deaths.  Some  of  them  are 
those  of  officers  and  soldiers  in  the  British  army.  In  the  days 
immediately  following  Bunker  Hill,  Dr.  Caner  has  recorded  the 
deaths  of  Captain  Hudson  and  a  sergeant  of  the  Sixty-fifth 
Regiment  and  a  lieutenant  of  the  Fourteenth  Regiment,  who 
were  doubtless  among  the  wounded  brought  back  groaning 
through  these  quiet  streets,  on  the  night  after  that  battle.  To 
proceed  with  the  letters  of  Dr.  Eliot:  — 

Boston.  July  31  —  1775. 
To  Mr.  Daniel  Parker,  Salem. 

...  I  rec''  the  two  quarters  of  Mutton  &  have  divided  one  between 
D'  Rand  &  M""  Welsh,  who  express  their  acknowledgement  in  the  highest 
terms.  Part  of  the  other  I  shall  send  to  make  broth  for  the  prisoners, 
who  have  really  suffered  for  want  of  fresh  meat.-^  I  shall  this  day  make  a 
quantity  of  broth  for  the  sick  around  me  who  are  very  numerous.  You 
cannot  conceive  the  relief  you  will  give  to  a  number  of  persons  by  this 
kind  office,  [perhaps  your  broth  has  been  dispersed  to  30  or  40  sick 
people.  I  thank  you  for  the  ability  of  helping  them  (inserted  between 
the  lines).  — H.  W.  -^.]  I  have  invited  a  number  of  .  .  .  [to]  partake  of 
the  rest.  It  is  one  of  the  greatest  pleasures  I  have  to  communicate  of 
any  good  thing  which  providence  sends  me.  Oh  !  how  have  we  despised 
former  mercies.  God  is  severely  teaching  us  our  ingratitude.  May  we 
know  the  blessedness  of  those  whom  he  chasteneth  &  teacheth  out  of  his 
law.  After  all,  the  difficulty  of  food  is  the  least  concern  I  have  — •  tho  I 
very  seldom  meet  with  any  thing  fresh.     But  to  live  among  scenes  of 

1  Aug.  4,  1775  •   "About  2000  sheep  been  pretty  quiet;  now  and  then  a  little 

and  100  cattle  have  been  obtained  by  an  firing  from  the  King's  lines  on  the  neck 

expedition  to  the  islands  in  the  Sound,  here   and   on  Charlestown   Neck.     The 

but,  as  they  were  wanted  for  the  sick  and  town    is   completely  invested  by  strong 

wounded  of  the  army,  it  is  doubtful  if  works  from  Dorchester  to  Winter  Hill, 

the  inhabitants  get  any  share.     Since  the  having    encampments     on     every    emi- 

bloody  aff.iir  at  Charlestown,  we  have  nence."  —  From  a7i  itnpiiblished  Diary. 


292  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

blood  &  slaughter,  &  other  trials  which  I  do  not  care  to  mention,  is 
hard  ;  &  yet  on  the  whole  I  cannot  say  1  am  sorry  I  tarried.  I  hope  God 
has  made  me  in  some  measure  useful  in  my  labors  both  in  public  &  pri- 
vate. I  visit  the  sick  in  all  parts  of  the  Town,  but  alas  !  I  do  but  little 
in  comparison  with  what  I  ought  to  do  for  so  good  a  Master.  This  is 
my  greatest  distress.  The  door  is  again  opened  for  the  departure  of  the 
Inhabitants ;  Multitudes  will  embrace  the  opportunity.  The  more  go 
from  us,  the  easier  it  will  be  for  me  to  depart.  In  this  view  I  rejoice  to 
see  my  friends  going  from  me,  &  yet  if  God  calls  me  to  tarry  why  should 
I  repine  ?  'T  is  because  I  have  not  that  temper  of  mind  I  ought  to  have 
that  I  cannot  leave  myself  wholly  to  Providence  &  be  perfectly  easy  in 
the  situation  in  which  God  sees  fit  to  place  me.  I  have  yet  fixed  no 
time  for  my  departure  ;  I  find  the  very  mention  of  it  occasions  uneasy  sen- 
sations in  the  people,  which  give  me  pain  :  May  God  direct  me.  I  just 
rec'^  a  letter  from  my  Son  at  Fairfield,  dated  July  20,  which  informs 
me  of  the  health  &  welfare  of  M'^'  Eliot  &  my  children  there.  Blessed 
be  God.  You  cannot  conceive  what  a  relief  this  affords  me.  .  .  .  My 
Assembly  is  large,  it  hath  decreased,  it  will  soon  be  small.  —  Oh  !  how 
happy  should  I  be  to  see  my  own  people  collected  together  &  to  preach 
once  more  to  them  —  but  the  will  of  the  Lord  be  done.  .  .  . 

Aug.  2. 

M'  Welsh  was  as  communicative  of  his  Mutton-broth  as  I  was  :  in 
short  you  cannot  conceive  how  much  good  you  have  done  —  M""  Austin 
tells  me  he  verily  believes  it  saved  the  lives  of  a  number  of  people.  I 
eat  very  little  of  it  myself  &  yet  never  had  so  much  pleasure  in  any  pro- 
vision in  my  life.     If  I  could  only  get  a  little  at  times  —  I  would  engage 

not  to  taste  it  myself  &  to  give  it  oiily  to  the  sick Provision  for 

myself  is  my  least  concern.     The  L  :  is  my  Sheph"^  I  shall  not  want. 

Dr.  Andrew  Eliot  to  his  Son  Samuel. 

Sept.  6,  1775  — This  day  I  waited  on  the  Town  Major,  who  peremp- 
torily refused  to  give  me  a  Pass.  I  endeavored  to  expostulate  the  matter 
with  him,  but  could  have  no  reason  assigned,  but  that  he  was  to  allow 
them  only  to  women  &  children.  —  I  argued  that  men  had  been  allowed 
to  go  —  he  said  they  had  made  particular  Interest ;  —  but  that  there 
were  some  that  would  not  be  allowed  to  go.  .  .  .  It  is  very  hard  treat- 
ment, —  I  have  no  fewel,  &  very  little  provision.  .  .  . 

.  .  .  P.  S.  I  am  at  length  allowed  again  to  visit  the  prisoners ;  — 
they  were  overjoyed  to  see  me.  .  .  .  There  are  but  eleven  living  out  of 
thirty  —  It  was  a  great  grief  to  me  that  I  could  not  see  Capt.  Walker  & 
others  before  they  died,  —  as  they  were  earnestly  desirous  of  seeing  me, 
—  but  so  it  was  ordered.^  A.  E.  — 

1  See  note  on  page  305,  which  con-  tahty  during  the  Siege,  and  gives  lists 

tains  specific  statements  taken  from  the  of    British    soldiers    mortally   wounded 

register  of  burials  kept  by  Dr.  Caner,  (apparently)    in   various    conflicts    with 

testifying  to  the  great  suffering  and  mor-  the  colonial  troops. 


THE   REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  293 

From  Dr.  Andrew  Eliofs  Diary. 

N°''  30 —  [1775]  Preached  T:  L:  [Thursday  Lecture].  Ccetus  vere 
parvus.  .  .  .  The  attendance  on  this  Lecture  being  exceedg  small,  & 
our  work  greatly  increased  in  other  respects,  D""  Mather  &  I,  who  since 
the  departure  of  our  other  Brethren  had  preached  it  alternately,  tho't 
proper  to  lay  it  down  for  the  present.  I  preached  the  last  Sermon  from 
those  words  in  Rev  :  2,  Remember  how  thou  hast  rec"^  &  heard  &  hold  fast 
&  repent.  —  An  affecting  occasion  the  laying  down  a  Lecture  which  had 
subsisted  more  than  one  hundred  and  forty  years.  The  small  congrega- 
tion was  much  moved  at  the  consid". 

Boston.  April  9.  1776. 
To  Mr  Isaac  Smith,  London  : 

Afy  very  dear  Sir,  —  When  I  wrote  you  last  I  did  not  dare  to  write 
with  any  kind  of  freedom,  lest  what  I  wrote  should  fall  into  the  hands  of 
our  then  Masters,  —  which  would  have  exposed  me  to  their  resentment, 
which  I  greatly  feared,  for  their  wrath  was  cruel.  I  cannot  repent  my 
having  tarried  in  town,  it  seemed  necessary  to  preserve  the  very  face  of 
Religion  :  But  nothing  would  induce  me  again  to  spend  1 1  months  in  a 
garrison  town. 

We  have  been  afraid  to  speak,  to  write,  almost  to  think.  We  are  now 
reheved, — wonderfully  delivered.  The  town  hath  been  evacuated  by 
the  British  Troops,  so  suddenly  that  they  have  left  amazing  stores  behind 
them,  vast  quantities  of  coal  which  the  inhabitants  have  been  cruelly 
denied  through  the  winter,  cannon  &  warlike  stores  in  abundance,  porter, 
horse-beans,  hay,  casks,  bran,  &c.  Great  numbers  of  the  friends  to 
Government,  as  they  are  called,  are  gone  to  Halifax,  crowded  in  vessels 
which  will  scarce  contain  them.  —  What  will  become  of  them  there,  God 
knows,  —  the  place  is  full  already. 

This  inglorious  retreat  hath  raised  the  spirits  of  the  Colonists  to  the 
highest  pitch.  They  look  upon  it  as  a  compleat  victory.  I  dare  now 
to  say  what  I  did  not  dare  to  say  before  this,  —  1  have  long  thought  it,  — 
that  Great  Britain  cannot  subjugate  the  Colonies.  Independence  a  year 
ago  could  not  have  been  publickly  mentioned  with  impunity.  Nothing 
else  is  now  talked  of,  &  I  know  not  what  can  be  done  by  Great  Britain 
to  prevent  it. 

...  I  did  not  care  m  my  last  to  mention  the  contempt  thrown 
upon  our  places  of  worship.  The  Old  North  pulled  down  ;  Dr.  Sewall's 
made  a  riding  school  for  the  Light  Horse,  —  the  house  gutted,  & 
the  inside  totally  destroyed  ;  Dr.  Cooper's,  Mr.  Howard's  &  Dr.  Byle's 
turned  into  barracks  without  any  appearance  of  necessity;  Mr.  Moor- 
head's  filled  with  hay,  Mr.  Stillman's  made  an  Hospital.  —  Such  con- 
duct would  disgrace  barbarians.  1  am  quite  sick  of  armies,  &  am  deter- 
mined, if  possible,  never  to  live  in  the  same  place  with  any  considerable 
body  of  forces. 


294  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

I  attended  last  week  a  meeting  of  the  Overseers  &  Corporation  at 
Watertown,  for  the  first  time  since  our  enlargement.  —  We  voted  Gen. 
Washington  a  degree  of  LL.D.  He  is  a  fine  Gentleman,  &  hath  charmed 
everybody  since  he  hath  had  the  command.  — 

Dr.  Warren's  body  hath  been  brought  from  Bunker's  Hill,  &  was  buried 
yesterday  with  all  Military  honors,  &  those  of  Masonry.  It  was  carried 
from  the  Representatives  Chamber  to  the  King's  Chapel,  Doct.  Cooper 
prayed.^  Mr.  Perez  Morton  delivered  a  spirited  Oration,  wherein  he 
publickly  urged  an  intire  disconnection  with  Great  Britain.  This  is  the 
fashionable  doctrine,  &  I  again  say  that  I  do  not  see  that  Great  Britain 
can  prevent  it.  When  she  rejected  the  last  petition  of  the  Congress  it 
was  all  over  with  her.  Andrew  Eliot. 

The  sufferings  endured  in  consequence  of  the  Siege  made  a 
strong  appeal  to  Christian  charity,  in  administering  which  it  is 
pleasant  to  find  prominent  the  name  and  efforts  of  the  vener- 
able minister  of  King's  Chapel :  — 

Boston  Feby  24'i>  1776 

To  the  Rev^  Doc''  Caner,   Col  Melling,  Maj   Paddock  Capt.  Gore  & 

Capt.  Gay : 
Gentlemen, 

Having  occasion  for  a  large  Commodious  House  for  the  Purpose  of  a 
Hospital  in  which  the  poor-Infirm  and  Aged  can  be  lodged  upon  the 
Charity  in  which  you  are  appointed  Stewards,  and  having  the  Consent  of 
the  Proprietors  in  Town  of  the  House  commonly  called  the  Green  Dragon 
to  apply  that  to  this  Purpose,  you  are  hereby  required  to  take  possession 
of  said  House  and  prepare  it  as  a  Hospital  for  the  Reception  of  such 
Objects  as  shall  require  immediate  Relief,  for  which  this  shall  be  your 
Authority. 

(Signed)  Tho^  Oliver. 

From  a  paper  in  Dr.  Caner's  handwriting,  dated  "  Halifax, 
May,  1776,"  it  appears  that  "£^39-  19.  6  was  collected  &  re- 
ceived by  the  Trustees  of  s'd  Charity  &  £46.  4.  6  expended  by 
vote  of  the  Trustees  for  relieving  the  Poor;  "  that  "Paddock  and 
Gore  are  gone  to  England,  and  Dr.  Caner  is  also  going  within 

1  "The  first  instance  of  prayers  at  a  in  this  place, but,  it  is  wished,  may  prove 

funeral,  as  recorded  in  Sewall's  diary,  was  a  leading  example  to  tlie  general  practice 

at  that  of  Rev.  Wm.  Adams  of  Roxbury,  of  so  Christian  and  decent  a  custom."  — 

in  16S5.     -A-  Boston  newspaper  of  1730  /^e/fs  Salem,  ii.  443. 

says :    '  Before  carrying  out  the  corpse  Dr.    Chauncy's  prayer   at   Dr.   May- 

(of  Mrs.  Sarah  Byfield),  a  funeral  prayer  hew's  funeral,  in  1766,  is  said  to  have 

was  made  by  one  of  the  pastors  of  the  been  the  first  prayer  ever  offered   at  a 

Old  church,  which,  though  a  custom  in  funeral  in  Boston, 
the  country  towns,  is  a  singular  instance 


THE    REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  295 

a  few  Days,  leaving  the  balance  ^93.  15.  o  in  the  Hands  of 
Capt.  Martin  Gay  &  Coll  Snelling."  The  subjoined  document 
gives  details  which  may  still  be  of  interest,  showing  in  what 
spirit  the  appeal  was  met  and  how  the  burden  was  distributed : 

Boston  Feby.  1776 

From  a  Charitable  Disposition  to  relieve  our  fellow  Creatures  from 
those  Distresses  which  are  incident  to  a  Long  Blockade,  wherein  the 
Widow  and  the  Orphan,  the  Aged  and  Infirm,  soonest  and  most  severely 
feel  tiie  Effects  of  Scarcity  :  We  whose  Names  are  hereinafter  written 
agree  to  pay  into  the  Hands  of  the  Reverend  Doctr.  Caner,  Mr  Paddock, 
Mr  Gore,  Mr  Gay  and  Mr  Snelling  the  several  Sums  set  against  our  re- 
spective Names,  to  be  applied  to  the  Rehef  of  the  Necessities  of  such 
poor  Persons  whose  Situation  and  Circumstances,  Age  or  Infirmities 
render  them  unable  to  obtain  support  by  their  Labour  or  Industry. 

Recommending  to  these  Gentlemen  as  Stewards  of  the  Poor  to  seek 
out  such  objects  of  this  our  Charity  as  do  not  receive  from  the  Commit- 
tee of  Donations. 

£      s.      d. 

U  Gov''  [Thomas  Oliver]  50  Dollars 15     00     00 

G  Erving  Ten  guineas 14     00     00 

Hon  Henry  Hatton 4     16     00 

Silv?  Gardner,  three  pounds  Lmy  [lawful  money]  .     .       3     00     00 

Gilbert  Deblois  three  pounds  Lmy 3     00     00 

Lewis  Deblois  three  pounds  Lmy 3     00     00 

Thomas  Bulfinch  two  pounds  8/  Lmy 2     oS     00 

John  Haskins  one  pound  ten  shillings i      10     00 

Henry  Lloyd  four  pounds 4     00     00 

R  Lechmere  three  pounds 3     00     00 

Tho^  Amory  three  pounds 3     00     00 

John  Timmins  three  pounds 3     00     00 

Thomas  Brinley  three  pounds 3     00     00 

Peter  Johonnot  three  pounds 3     00     00 

Phil  Damaresq  three  pounds 3     00     00 

James  Porter  one  pound  ten i     10     00 

Rob!  Hallowell  Two  pounds  Eight 2     08     00 

David  Phips  Two  pounds  Eight 2     08     00 

Edward  Winslow  One  pound  twelve  shillings    ...       i      12     00 

Nath'  Coffin  Three  pounds  ten  shillings 3      10     00 

Gov'  Wentworth  Forty  Dollars 1 2     00     00 

Richard  Green  Six  Dollars i      16     00 

Joshua  Loring,  Jr 3     00     00 

John  Winslow i     04     00 

George  Leonard  Eight  Dollars 2     08     00 

Job  Prince  Eight  Dollars 2     08     00 

I.  S.  William  Bowes  Ten  Dollars       3     00     00 


296  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

£  s.  d. 

Charles  Lowe  Ten  Dollars 3  00  00 

Edward  Foster  Eight  Dollars 2  08  00 

Joseph  Scott  Eight  Dollars 2  oS  00 

I.  S.  Adam  De  Chezean  Eight  Dollars 2  oS  00 

I.  S.  Benj"  Mulb^  Holmes  Eight  Dollars 2  08  00 

Benj"  Phillips  Eight  Dollars 2  08  00 

L  S.  Joseph  Webb  Eight  Dollars 2  08  00 

L  S.  William  Burton  Three  pounds  Lmy 3  00  00 

James  Lithrigg 2  00  00 

I.  S.  Cash  from  a  Gen'-  Two  Doubloons 8  16  00 

Isaac  Winslow  Three  pounds  Twelve  Shillings .     .     .  3  12  00 

John  Joy  Ten  Dollars 3  00  00 

Thomas  Hutchinson  Ten  Dollars 3  00  00 

In  behalf  of  Charles  Paxton  Esq.  20  Dollars     ...  6  00  00 

Benj"  Hallowell  Sixteen  Dollars 4  16  00 

John  Powell  Eight  Dollars 2  08  00 

William  Coffin  Four  Dollars i  04  00 

I.  S.  John  Taylor  Six  Dollars i  16  00 

I.  S.  John  Atkinson  Ten  Dollars 3  00  00 

William  Taylor  6  Dollars i  04  00 

Samuel  Hughes  3  Dollars o  18  00 

Samuel  Wallis  2         "            o  12  00 

John  Bryant  4           "            i  04  00 

John  Jenkin  5            "            i  10  00 

I.  S  Alexander  Brymer  20  Dollars 6  00  00 


Samuel  Greenwood  Eight  Dollars 
Henry  Caner  10  Dollars 

John  Gore  10      " 

Martin  Gay  10      " 

Adino  Paddock     10      " 
Jonathan  Snelling  10      " 


;^I77    06    GO 

2  18  00 


£Z  00  00 

3  00  00 

3  00  GO 

3  00  00 

3  GO  GO 


15   00   GG 

I.  S.  Thomas  Apthorp 91200 

I.  S.  John  Joy  J un'  16  Dollars 4     16     go 

I.  S.  William  Perry i      14     go 

I.  S.  William  Fowles  16  Dollars 4     16     00 

Thomas  Brown     5       "         i      10     go 

G.  Townsend      10       "         3     00     go 

Boston,  as  is  shown  by  Dr.  Caner's  letter  before  quoted,  had 
been  practically  in  a  state  of  siege  since  May,  1775.  In  that 
month  Sir  William  Howe,  who  had  come,  with  Generals  Bur- 
goyne  and  Clinton,  to  view  the  situation,  "  found  army  and  town 


THE    REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  297 

unrecovered  from  the  consternation  into  which  they  had  been 
thrown  by  the  ill  success  of  April  19,  and  from  the  general 
revolt  which  followed."  Governor  Gage  was  charged  with  in- 
competent management  on  that  fatal  day;  and  Howe  (who  had 
served  with  Wolfe  at  the  taking  of  Quebec)  superseded  him  in 
command,  —  very  reluctantly,  he  says,  on  account  of  his  earlier 
kindly  relations  with  the  place.  His  conduct  on  the  17th  of 
June,  the  day  of  Bunker  Hill,  seems  to  have  gained  him  high 
commendation;  and  when,  two  weeks  later  (July  3),  Washing- 
ton took  formal  command  of  the  colonial  forces  at  Cambridge, 
siege-works  were  at  once  begun,  and  the  conditions  of  regular 
warfare  were  recognized  on  both  sides.  It  is  to  this  situation 
of  affairs  that  the  evidences  now  to  be  quoted  will  refer. 

A  striking  evidence  of  the  disturbed  condition  of  things 
during  the  Siege  is  found  in  a  census  of  the  population  taken  in 
February,  1776,  which  gives  as  the  number  of  inhabitants  re- 
maining in  Boston  only  2,719,  and  in  Charlestown  360;  while 
it  estimates  for  Salem  5,337,  Gloucester  4,512,  Ipswich  4,508, 
Springfield  1,974,  Worcester  1,912,  Roxbury  1,433,  Dorchester 
1,513,  Cambridge  1,586,  —  excluding,  no  doubt,  the  military 
population  gathered  at  the  headquarters  of  the  American  army. 
The  following  reminiscence^  of  a  service  held  in  Christ  Church, 
Cambridge,  on  the  last  day  of  the  year  1775,  gives  an  interest- 
ing picture  of  the  change  :  — 

Colonel  William  Palfrey,  at  request  of  Mrs.  Washington,  read  the  ser- 
vice and  made  a  prayer  of  a  form  different  from  that  commonly  used 
for  the  King.  .  .  .  General  and  Mrs.  Washington,  Mrs.  Gates,  Mrs. 
Morgan,  Mrs.  Mifflin,  Mrs.  Custis  and  many  others,  including  ofificers, 
were  present.  The  general  is  loyal  to  his  church  as  to  his  country, 
though  he  has  identified  himself  with  our  parish  during  his  residence 
among  us.  There  was  something  grand  and  yet  incongruous  in  the  ser- 
vice in  this  church,  which  has  so  lately  sheltered  the  rollicking  soldiers. 
Doors  shattered  and  windows  broken  out,  organ  destroyed,  and  the  ele- 
gance and  beauty  of  the  building  greatly  marred.  It  has  been  imper- 
fectly repaired  at  the  request  of  one  whom  its  former  aristocratic 
worshippers  hold  in  supreme  contempt  as  a  rebel  against  His  Majesty's 
most  righteous  rule.  How  very  different  was  the  scene  from  that  in 
the  days  before  the  war.  The  general's  majestic  figure,  bent  reverently 
in  prayer,  as  with  devout  earnestness  he  entered  into  the  service  ;  the 
smallness  of  the  band  of  worshippers,  and  the  strangeness  of  the  circum- 
stances and  the  surroundings.     There  was  nothing  but  the  contrast  to 

1  From  the  diary  of  Miss  Dorothy  nial  Committee  in  "  The  Cambridge  of 
Dudley,  published  by  the  Ladies'  Centen-     1776." 


298  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

recall  the  wealth  and  fashion  which  were  wont  to  congregate  there.  I 
remember  the  families  as  they  used  to  sit  in  church.  First,  in  front  of 
the  chancel,  the  Temples,  who  every  Sabbath  drove  from  Ten  Hills  Farm  ; 
Mr.  Robert  Temple  and  his  accomplished  wife  and  lovely  daughters. 
Their  estate,  which  is  a  very  fine  one,  is  on  the  supposed  site  of  Governor 
Winthrop's  house  as  early  as  1631,  and  where,  it  is  thought,  the  little 
barque,  the  Blessing  of  the  Bay,  the  first  vessel  built  in  American  waters, 
was  launched  for  its  first  voyage  across  the  ocean.  Mr.  Temple  is  a 
stanch  loyalist,  and  at  the  beginning  of  war  took  passage  for  England, 
leaving  his  family  at  the  farm  under  General  Ward's  protection.  The 
vessel,  however,  was  detained,  and  he  obliged  to  take  up  his  residence  in 
our  camp.  Behind  the  Temples  sat  the  Royalls,  relatives  of  Mrs.  Henry 
Vassall,  the  Inmans  and  the  Borlands,  who  owned  and  occupied  the 
Bishop's  Palace,  as  the  magnificent  mansion  built  by  Rev.  Mr.  Apthorp, 
opposite  the  president's  house,  is  called.  The  house  is  grand  in  propor- 
tions and  architecture,  and  is  fitted  in  every  respect  to  bear  the  name 
which  clings  to  it.  It  was  thought  that  Mr.  Apthorp  had  an  eye  to  the 
bishopric  when  he  came  to  take  charge  of  Christ  church,  and  put  up  this 
house  of  stately  elegance.  But  whatever  his  wishes  may  have  been,  they 
were  not  realized,  for  he  abruptly  terminated  his  ministry  in  Cambridge 
after  a  few  years.  Among  his  congregation  were  the  Faneuils,  the  Lech- 
meres,  the  Lees,  the  Olivers,  the  Ruggleses,  the  Phippses  and  the  Vassalls. 
Many  of  these  families  were  connected  by  relationship.  Mrs.  Lee,  Mrs. 
Lechmere,  and  Mrs.  Vassall  the  elder,  are  sisters  of  Colonel  David 
Phipps,  and  daughters  of  Lieutenant-Governor  Spencer  Phipps.  The 
"  pretty  little,  dapper  man,  Colonel  Ohver,"  as  Reverend  Mr.  Serjeant 
used  to  call  in  sport  our  sometime  Heutenant-governor,  married  a  sister 
of  Colonel  John  Vassall  the  younger,  and  Colonel  Vassall  married  his. 
Mrs.  Ruggles  and  Mrs.  Borland  are  aunts  of  Colonel  Vassall's.  These 
families  were  on  intimate  terms  with  one  another,  and  scarcely  a  day 
passed  that  did  not  bring  them  together  for  social  pleasures.  Judge 
Jonathan  Sewall,  who  afterwards  occupied  Judge  Richard  Lechmere's 
house,  married  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Edmund  Quincy,  an  elder  sister  of 
Mrs.  John  Hancock.  I  vvell  remember  the  train  of  carriages  that  rolled 
up  to  the  church  door,  bearing  the  worshippers  to  the  Sabbath  service. 
The  inevitable  red  cloak  of  Judge  Joseph  Lee,  his  badge  of  office  in  the 
King's  service,  hung  in  graceful  folds  around  his  stately  form  ;  the  beauty 
and  elegance  of  the  ladies  were  conspicuous,  as  silks  and  brocades 
rusded  at  every  motion,  and  India  shawls  told  of  wealth  and  luxury. 
The  ties  of  blood  and  friendship  were  strengthened  by  those  of  a  com- 
mon faith,  and  the  treasury  of  the  church  was  filled  by  cheerful  givers 
from  their  abundance.  Now  everything  is  changed  —  all  who  took  such 
deep  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  church,  all  the  original  subscribers  for 
the  building  are  gone,  with  the  exception  of  Judge  Joseph  Lee,  who  is 
unmolested  on  account  of  his  moderate  principles,  and  Mr.  John  Pigeon, 
who  is  a  patriot. 


THE   REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  299 

We  have  before  seen  how  the  Episcopal  churches  in  Boston, 
and  this  Chapel  in  particular,  were  exposed  to  the  hostile  sus- 
picions, and  even  the  partisan  animosity,  of  the  Patriots.  The 
Revolution  struck  a  heavy  blow  to  whatever  pretensions  of 
social  or  political  ascendency  may  have  actuated  them.  Actual 
injustice  against  them  was  certainly  not  intended  by  the  Revo- 
lutionary leaders,  as  we  see  in  an  interesting  letter  from  the 
generous  and  noble-hearted  Warren  who  fell  on  Bunker  Hill.^ 
But  their  position  was  at  best  a  difficult  and  painful  one,  being, 
as  they  were,  the  chief  resort  of  those  known  then  as  Tories, 
and  since  as  Loyalists.  Whatever  offence  they  had  been  guilty 
of  against  the  general  feeling  of  the  community  about  them,  was 
dearly  atoned  for  by  an  exile  which  the  majority  of  them,  it 
may  be  hoped,  accepted  in  no  unworthy  temper.  Their  history 
has  been  well  told,^  and  need  not  be  repeated  here  at  large. 
We  have  to  do  only  with  a  few  personal  aspects  and  incidents 
that  immediately  concern  the  present  topic.  As  to  the  general 
conduct  and  temper  of  the  Episcopal  ministers  themselves,  Dr. 
Caner  writes  (April  18,  1775)  :  — 

Our  Clergy  have  in  the  midst  of  these  confusions  behaved,  I  think, 
with  remarkable  prudence.  None  of  them  have  been  hindered  from 
exercising  the  duties  of  their  office  since  M-  Peters,^  tho'  many  of  them 
have  been  much  threat'ned ;  and  their  people  have  for  the  most  part 
remained  firm  &  steddfast  in  their  loyalty  &  attachment  to  Government. 

Some  illustrations  may  be  given  here  of  the  position  of  embar- 
rassment in  which  the  Episcopal  clergy  found  themselves  placed 

1  Boston,  Sept.  24,  1774.  make  use  of  to  prejudice  our  Episcopal 
As  I  have  been  informed  tiiat  the  Brethren  against  us,  by  representing  us 
Conduct  of  some  few  Persons  of  the  as  disposed  to  disturb  them  in  the  free 
Episcopal  Denomination,  in  maintaining  Exercise  of  their  religious  Privileges,  to 
Principles  inconsistent  with  the  Rights  which  we  know  they  have  the  most  un- 
and  Liberties  of  Mankind,  has  given  doubted  Claim  ;  and  which  from  a  real 
offence  to  some  of  the  Zealous  Friends  Regard  to  the  Honor  and  Interest  of  my 
of  this  Country,  I  think  myself  obliged  Country  and  the  Rights  of  Mankind,  I 
to  publish  the  following  Extract  of  a  hope  they  will  enjoy  unmolested  as  long 
Letter,  dated  September  9.  1774.  which  I  as  the  Name  of  America  is  known  in  the 
received  from  my  worthy  and  patriotick  World.  J.  Warren. 
Friend  Mr  Sn/zntel  At/am  s,  a.  Member  oi  ^  In  Lorenzo  Sabine's  "History  of 
the  Congress  now  sitting  at  Philadel-  the  American  Loyalists." 
phia  ;  by  which  it  appears  that,  however  ^  Samuel  A.  Peters,  the  bitter  and  ec- 
injudicious  some  individuals  may  have  centric  minister  of  Hebron,  Conn.,  author 
been,  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Established  of  the  queer  travesty  of  the  "  Blue  Laws," 
Church  of  England  are  Men  of  the  most  who  took  refuge  in  P>oston  in  1774,  went 
just  and  liberal  Sentiments,  and  are  high  soon  after  to  England,  published  in  1781 
in  the  Esteem  of  the  most  sensible  and  a  history  of  Connecticut  generally  re- 
resolute  Defenders  of  the  Rights  of  the  garded  as  false  and  slanderous,  returned 
People  of  the  Continent.  And  I  earn-  to  America  in  1805,  and  died  at  a  very 
estly  request  my  Countrymen  to  avoid  advanced  age  in  1826.  See  his  letter, 
every   thing   which    our    Enemies    may  p.  2,04, /'osi. 


300  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

during  the  earlier  period  of  the  Revolutionary  struggle,  and  of 
the  temper  in  which  they  accepted  it.  The  first  difficulty  we 
notice  is  that  touching  the  celebration  of  marriages,  which  in 
the  early  colonial  code  had  been  jealously  reserved  as  a  func- 
tion of  the  lay  magistrates,  —  marriage  being  held  to  be  a  civil 
contract,  not  an  ecclesiastical  sacrament.  It  is  treated  in  later 
legislation  as  follows  :  ^  — 

In  Council  January  15.  1773 

For  asmuch  as  Complaint  has  been  made  that  Divers  Clergymen  of 
the  Church  of  England  have  presumed  to  solemnize  Marriage  in  opposi- 
tion to,  and  in  Direct  Violation  of  the  Laws  of  this  province,  not  only  by 
marrying  persons  living  out  of  the  town,  to  which  such  Clergymen  belong 
but  even  those  who  are  Inhabitants  in  Different  Colonies ; 

And  whereas  no  persons  are  by  Law  appointed  to  sue  for  and  Re- 
cover the  penalty  of  Fifty  pounds  forfeited  by  such  Clergymen  for 
breach  of  Law  as  aforesaid,  Save  the  Treasurers  of  the  Counties  in  which 
such  offence  May  be  Committed,  who  have  generally  neglected  their 
duty,  so  that  further  provision  in  that  regard  is  necessary  to  be  made, 
and  whereas  also  it  may  be  Reasonable,  in  order  to  remove  all  Ground 
of  Complaint  on  the  part  of  such  as  are  members  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, That  the  power  of  the  Ministers  of  that  Denomination  should  be 
in  some  respects  enlarged  ; 

Wherefor  ordered  that  James  Bowdoin  and  Samuel  Dexter  Esq''  with 

such  as  the  hon'"'"-"  house  may  Join,  be  a  Committee  to  prepare  and  bring 

in  a  Bill,  in  addition  to  the  Several  laws  Now  in  force,  for  the  purpose 

afore  mentioned. 

Sent  down  for  concurrence 

Tho.  Flucker,  Sec'?' 

In  the  House  of  Representatives  Jan.  15.  1773.  Read  &  Concurred, 
&  Mr  Hobson,  Col.  Thatcher,  &  Mr.  IngersoU  are  joined. 

T.  CUSHING,    Spk^ 

A7ifw.  Regni.  f  \  Regis. 

Georgii  Tertii  \  J  Decimo  tertio. 

An  Act  in  further  addition  to  an  Act  intitled  "An  Act  for  the 

ORDERLY     consummating     OF     MARRIAGES,"     MADE      AND     PASSED      IN 

THE  Fourth  year  of  their  late  Majesties  King  William  and 

Queen  Mary.^ 
Whereas  the  ministers  of  the  Church  of  England,  within  this  province, 
have  no  power  by  law  to  join  persons  in  marriage  who  do  not  belong  to 
the  towns  in  which  such  ministers  themselves  dwell, 

1  Mass.    Archives,   xiv.   667.       Note  ^  This  is  Chapter  31  of  the  Acts  of 

Relative  to  the  power  of  Clergymen  to  1772-73-  ^ee  Province  Laws,  v.  230, 
marry,  Jan.  15.1773.  279. 


THE    REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  3OI 

Be  it  therefore  enacted  by  the  Governor.  Council  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentativeSy 

[Sect,  i.]  That  from  and  after  the  [20th]  [tiventiethl  day  of  March 
[1773]  \_one  thousand  seoen  hufidred  and  seventy- three"],  it  shall  be  law- 
ful for  any  minister  of  the  Church  of  England  to  join  any  person  in 
marriage,  that  may  lawfully  enter  into  such  a  relation,  who  usually  and 
frequently  attend  the  worship  of  God  with  such  minister  on  Lord's  Days, 
the  ministerial  taxes  of  which  persons  he  has  a  right  by  law  to  receive, 
although  such  persons  do  not  belong  to  the  town  in  which  such  min- 
ister himself  dwells  ;  provided,  they  produce  a  certificate  to  such  minister 
of  their  having  been  published  agre[e]able  to  the  laws  of  this  province. 

[  And]  be  it  further  enacted, 

[Sect.  2.]  That  where  any  minister  of  the  Church  of  England  is 
himself  to  be  married,  or  where  such  minister  shall  be  removed  by  death, 
or  otherwise,  so  that  the  religious  society  of  Christians  in  which  he  pre- 
sided shall  be  destitute  of  a  minister,  it  shall  be  lawful  in  such  cases  for  the 
next  minister,  within  the  province,  of  the  same  denomination,  to  join  in 
marriage  the  minister,  or  any  of  the  people  constituting  such  religious 
society,  who  may  lawfully  enter  into  such  a  relation,  when  they  may 
become  destitute,  as  aforesaid  ;  certificates  of  publishment  agre[e]able  to 
the  laws  of  this  province,  being  first  produced,  as  aforesaid. 

A7id  whereas  the  treasurers  of  the  counties,  who,  only,  are  appointed 
to  sue  for  and  recover  the  fine  of  fifty  pounds  forfeited  by  such  as  pre- 
sume to  join  persons  in  marriage  contrary  to  the  laws  of  this  province, 
having  been  negligent  of  their  duty,  and  more  effectual  provision  is  neces- 
sary to  be  made,  — 

Be  it  further  enacted, 

[Sect.  3.]  That  every  justice,  minister,  or  other  person,  who  shall 
solemnize  marriages  contrary  to  this  or  any  former  act,  now  in  force,  shall 
not  only  be  liable  to  the  suit  or  action  of  the  parent,  guardian,  or  others 
whose  immediate  care  and  government  either  of  the  parties  were  under 
at  the  time  of  such  marriage,  for  the  recovery  of  damages,  but  such  par- 
ent, guardian,  or  others  whose  immediate  care  and  government  either  of 
the  parties  were  under,  or  either  of  the  selectmen  of  the  town  where 
such  offence  may  be  committed,  shall  have,  and  there  is  hereby  given 
them,  as  full  and  ample  power  to  sue  for  and  recover  the  fine  aforesaid 
as  the  county  treasurers,  respectively,  now  have  ;  the  same  to  be  recov- 
ered in  like  manner,  and  to  be  applied  to  the  same  purpose,  as  is  by  law 
already  provided. 

February  24,  1773  —  This  Bill  having  been  read  three  several  Times 
in  the  House  of  Representatives  —  Pass'd  to  be  enacted. 

Thomas  Cushing  Spk'. 

February  24,  1773.  —  This  Bill  having  been  read  three  several  Times 
in  Council —  Pass'd  to  be  enacted. 

Tho^  Flucker  Sec" 


302  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

March  6 —  1773  —  By  the  Governor.  —  I  consent  to  the  enacting  of 
this  Bill.  T.  Hutchinson. 

"  Under  the  charter  government  the  clergy  had  never  performed  any 
part  of  the  ceremonies  at  marriages  or  funerals,  except  an  occasional 
prayer,  '  lest  it  might  in  lime  introduce  the  customs  of  the  English 
Church.'  "  1 

"  Last  Thursday  (the  16"'),  was  married,  by  the  Rev.  D'.  Caner, 
Ivr.  Henry  Knox  of  this  town,  to  Miss  Lucy  Flucker,  second  daughter 
to  the  Hon.  Thomas  Flucker,  Esq.,  Secretary  of  the  province."  "Just 
one  year  from  the  day  of  his  marriage,  Knox  quitted  Boston  in  disguise 
(his  departure  having  been  interdicted  by  Gage),  with  his  wife,  who  had 
quilted  into  the  lining  of  her  cloak  his  sword."  ^ 

In  regard  to  the  attitude  of  the  Episcopal  clergy  during  this 
critical  period  of  our  annals,  we  gather  from  various  sources 
the  testimony  which  follows :  — 

"  In  the  struggle  that  preceded  the  Revolution,  it  is  computed  that 
more  than  two-thirds  of  the  Clergy,  and  a  portion  of  the  Lay-members 
of  the  Church  in  Virginia,  were  Loyalists.  Of  those  who  took  side  with 
the  Colonists  against  the  Mother-Country,  and  became,  in  the  end,  the 
Republican  party,  some  were  men  of  note."  ^ 

"  Some  of  the  Clergy  [in  Virginia]  actually  relinquished  their  spiritual 
charge,  and  were  found  in  the  ranks  of  the  [rebel]  army."  * 

"  No  one  minister  of  the  Episcopal  Church  north  of  Pennsylvania 
joined  the  side  of  the  insurgents  ;  and  as  if  to  make  the  lesson  plainer  to 
the  motlier-country,  the  King's  troops  were  fired  upon  for  the  first  time 
from  a  meeting-hOuse  in  Massachusetts  Bay."  (  !)  ^ 

"  Inglis  and  his  brother  Clergy  were  insulted  as  they  passed  along  the 
Streets,  and  threatened  with  violence,  if  they  dared  to  pray  any  longer 
for  the  King.  One  Sunday,  after  he  had  been  reading  prayers,  a  body  of 
a  hundred  soldiers  marched,  with  the  sound  of  fife  and  drum,  into  the 
Church,  and  with  bayonets  fixed  on  their  loaded  muskets,  took  up  their 
position  in  the  aisle.  Amid  the  fainting  of  women,  and  the  cries  and 
tumult  of  the  rest  of  the  people,  who  expected  the  instant  perpetration  of 
some  murderous  deed,  Inglis  went  on  with  the  service.  The  soldiers, 
after  a  few  minutes,  went  into  some  vacant  pews,  which  the  sexton  invited 
them  to  occupy ;  but  still  the  congregation  expected,  that,  as  soon  as 
Inglis  began  to  read  the  Collects  for  the  King  and  Royal  family,  they 
would  rise  and  shoot  him,  as  they  had  often  declared  they  would  do. 

1  Snow's  History  of  Boston,  p.  192.  ^  Anderson,  Col.  Ch.  iii.  167. 

2  Boston    Gazette,    June    20,     1774;  *  Ibid.,\\\.  168. 

Memorials  of  the  Mass.  Society  of   the  ^  Wilberforce's  History  of  the  Ameri- 

Cincinnati,  by  F.  S.  Drake,  Boston,  1873,     ^^"^  Church,  p.  171. 
p.  lOI. 


THE    REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  303 

Inglis  repeated  the  obnoxious  Collects  in  their  presence,  without  reserve 
or  faltering  ;  and,  whatsoever  may  have  been  the  intention  of  the  soldiers, 
it  was  overruled ;  for  they  suffered  him  to  proceed  with,  and  conclude, 
the  service  unharmed."  ^ 

Of  the  corresponding  temper  shown  by  the  clergy  of  the 
Church  in   England  we  have  the  following:  — 

•''  The  vast  majority  of  the  clergy  shared  the  King's  [George  III.] 
most  unfortunate  prejudices.  .  .  .  The  duty  of  passive  obedience  and 
the  guilt  of  resisting  the  Lord's  anointed  were  .  .  .  applied  to  the  case 
of  the  revolting  colonists.  The  American  .  .  .  rebellion  was  compared 
to  the  sin  of  witchcraft.  P'ranklin  was  likened  to  Achitophel,  Washing- 
ton to  Jeroboam.  The  result  of  the  elections  of  1774,  which  gave  an 
immense  majority  for  Lord  North,  was  greatly  owing  to  the  exertions  of 
the  clergy.  Every  measure  for  war  was  supported  by  the  Bench  [of 
bishops]  .  .  .  '  God  preserve  the  Church  and  King  '  was  the  formal 
ascription  with  which  all  Vestry  meetings  closed." ' 


'  2 


A  Boston  letter  of  that  date  says  :  — 

In  consequence  of  Independence  being  proclaimed  here,  all  the  signs 
wh.  had  crowns  on  them  even  the  Mitre  and  Crown  in  the  organ  loft  of 
the  cliappell  were  taken  down,  and  Mr.  Parker  (who  is  the  Episcopal 
minister  in  town)  left  off  praying  for  the  King.^ 

A  very  lively  illustration  of  the  temper  here  spoken  of  is 
found  in  the  case  of  Rev.  Samuel  Andrew  Peters  (1735-1826),'* 
who  took  refuge  in  Boston  just  before  the  Siege  from  the  ani- 
m.osity  of  certain  Patriots  in  Connecticut :  — 

Norwich,  October  13.  1774. 

No  proposition  in  Euclid  admits  of  a  more  facile  Solution,  than  that 
Samuel  Peters  of  Hebron,  who  is  daub'd  with  the  Title  of  Reverend,  is 
the  most  unatural  Monster,  diabolical  Incendiary  &  detestable  Parricide 
to  his  Country  that  ever  appeared  in  America,  or  disgraced  Humanity  : 
His  Name,  like  the  Lake  of  Sodom,  will  emit  a  disagreeable  effluvia  to 
all  succeeding  Generations.  It  is  happy  for  his  Contemporaries,  that 
his  invincible  Stupidity  is  a  sufficient  Antidote  to  his  more  than  infernal 
Malignity.  To  evince  these  Assertions  nothing  more  is  necessary  than 
the  following  Letter ;  which  his  Brother,  Jonathan  Peters,  and  one 
Daniel  Necomb,  were  conveying  from  Boston,  where  our  infamous  Hero 
has  taken  refuge. 

1  Anderson,  Col.  Ch.  iii.  466.  ^  Drake's  Historic  Fields  of  Middle- 

2  Leek's  Historical  Sermon,  Marble-     sex,  p.  274. 

head,  p    12.  *  See  a;?/^,  p.  299,  note. 


304  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Boston,  October  i.  1774. 
Reverend  Sir 

The  Riots  and  Mobs  that  have  attended  me  and  my  House,  set  on  by 

the  Go of  Connecticut  have  compelled  me  to  take  my  Abode  here  ; 

and  the  Clergy  of  Connecticut  must  fall  a  Sacrifice  with  the  several 
Churches,  very  soon,  to  the  Rage  of  the  Puritan  Mobility,  if  the  Old 
Serpent,  that  Dragon,  is  not  bound.  .  .  .  Yesterday  I  waited  on  his 
Excellency,  the  Admiral,  &c.  Dr.  Caner,  Mr  Troutbeck,  Dr  Byles,  &c. 
I  am  soon  to  sail  for  England.     I  shall  stand  in  need  of  your  Letters, 

and  the  Letters  of  the  Clergy  of  New  York.     Direct  to  Mr.  

Williams,  Woollen  Draper,  in  London,  where  I  shall  put  up  at.  Judge 
Auchmuty,  will  do  all  that  is  reasonable  for  their  neighbouring  Charter. 
Necessity  calls  for  such  Friendships,  as  the  Head  is  sick  and  Heart  faint, 
and  spiritual  Iniquity  rides  in  high  Places,  Halberts,  Pistols  and  Swords. 
See  the  Proclamation  I  sent  you,  by  my  Nephew,  on  their  pious  Sab- 
bath Day,  the  4*  of  last  Month,  when  the  Preachers  and  Magistrates  left 
the  Pulpits,  &c.  for  the  Gun  and  Drum  and  left  for  Boston,  cursing  the 
King  and  Lord  North,  General  Gage,  the  Bishops  and  their  cursed 
Curates  and  the  Church  of  England ;  and  for  ray  telling  the  Church- 
people  not  to  take  up  Arms  &c.  it  being  high  Treason,  &c. 

The  Sons  of  Liberty  have  almost  killed  one  of  my  Church,  tarred  and 
feathered  two,  abused  others,  and  on  the  6-  Day  destroyed  my  Windows 
and  rent  my  Cloathes,  even  my  Gown,  &c.  Crying  out  down  with  the 
Church,  the  Rags  of  Popery  &:c.  Their  Rebellion  is  obvious,  and  Trea- 
son is  common,  and  Robbery  is  the  daily  Devotion.  The  Lord  deliver 
us  from  Anarchy.  The  Bounds  of  New-York  may  directly  extend  to 
Connecticut  River,  Boston  meet  them,  and  New- Hampshire  take  the 
Province  of  Main  ;  Rhode  Island  be  swallowed  up  as  Dathan. 

Pray  loose  no  Time,  nor  fear  worse  Times  than  attend.     Rev.  Sir, 
Your  very  humble  Servant. 

Samuel  Peters. 

To  Dr.  Auchmuty.  New-York.^ 

Bent  with  bodily  infirmities  and  in  his  seventy-seventh  year, 
his  age  and  his  position  placed  Dr.  Caner  at  the  head  of  the 
Church  of  England  clergy  in  this  part  of  the  country.^  This 
church,  too,  had  been  attended  by  the  officers  of  the  British 
army  and  navy  stationed  in  Boston,  —  which  had  brought  the 
old  minister  into  yet  closer  bonds  of  sympathy  and  fellowship 
with  these  representatives  of  the  King  whose  church  he  served. 
Their  red  coats  were  to  his  eyes  the  honored  uniform  of  a  proud 
service,  while  to  the  popular  imagination  the  scarlet  seemed  to 
be  branded  by  Scripture  itself  as  the  livery  of  sin.     Our  records 

1  Boston  Evening  Post,  Oct.  24,  1774.     in    March,    1735,   ^"d   that   of   D.D.  in 

2  Mr.  Caner  had  received  from  the     January,  1766. 
University  of  Oxford  the  degree  of  M.A., 


THE    REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD. 


305 


show  abundantly  the  pastoral  labor  which  devolved  upon  him 
in  his  relations  with  his  military  congregation.  The  last  burials 
recorded  by  his  trembling  hand  are  those  of  three  soldiers  of 
his  Majesty's  sixty-fifth  regiment  of  foot.^ 

Dr.  Caner's  escape  from  Boston  is  thus  described  by  himself 
in  a  letter  dated  Halifax,  May  10,  1776:  — 

As  to  the  Clergy  of  Boston,  indeed,  they  have  for  eleven  months  past 
been  exposed  to  difficulty  &  distress  in  every  shape  ;  &  as  to  myself,  hav- 
ing determined  to  maintain  my  post  as  long  as  possible,  I  continued  to 
officiate  to  the  small  remains  of  my  parishioners,  though  without  a  sup- 
port, till  the  10"'  of  March,  when  I  suddenly  &  unexpectedly  received 
notice  that  the  King's  troops  would  immediately  evacuate  the  town.  It 
is  not  easy  to  paint  the  distress  &  confusion  of  the  inhabitants  on  this 
occasion.  I  had  but  six  or  seven  hours  allowed  to  prepare  for  this 
measure,  being  obliged  to  embark  the  same  day  for  Halifax,  where  we 
arrived  the  i""'  of  April.  This  sudden  movement  prevented  me  from 
saving  my  books,  furniture  or  any  part  of  my  interest,  except  bedding, 
wearing  apparel,  &  a  little  provision  for  my  small  family  during  the 
passage. 

I  am  now  at  Halifax  with  my  daughter  &  servant,  but  without  any 
means  of  support,  except  what  I  receive  from  the  benevolence  of  the 
worthy  D""-  Breynton.-^ 

No  less  than  eighteen  Episcopal  clergymen  from  Boston  and 
the  neighborhood  sailed  away  in  the  fleet  that  bore  Dr.  Caner 
out  of  Boston  harbor.  The  town  of  Boston  would  have  been 
left  without  any  Episcopal  clergyman  at  all,  and  consequently 
(according  to  the  theory  of  some)  without  any  religious  privi- 
leges   at  all,  had    it  not    been  for   the    Christian    charity  and 


^  The  Register  of  Burials  testifies  to 
the  hardships  of  the  Siege  of  Boston,  the 
entries  of  deaths  in  the  twelve  months 
from  March  i,  1775,  to  the  end  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1776,  being  eighty-nine  ;  while  in 
the  twelve  months  previous  (1774-75) 
they  only  amounted  to  thirty-five.  Among 
the  eighty-nine  were  several  which,  from 
their  dates,  had  a  special  significance  in 
connection  with  the  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill,  viz.  ;  — 

Age 
June  iS.     William  Hudson,  Captn  jn  the 

65111  Regnit 35  years 

"     19      John  Taylor,  Serjeant  of  Hud- 
son's Com.  65th      ....  32     " 
"    21      John    Brewer.    Lieutenant   in 

the  i4ih  Regmt 30     " 

An  earlier  entry  on  the  same  ixage,  of 
the  names  of  four  men,  all  comrades  in 
VOL.  II.  —  20 


the  Sixty-fifth  Regiment,  and  all  but  one 
of  Hudson's  Company,  led  to  the  conjec- 
ture that  they  owed  their  death  to  some 
collision  with  the  Patriot  troops:  — 

Ace 
May  20.     William  Ransor,  Ser-  ") 

geant  of    the    65111 

Regt : 

"     27      George     Walker,     of  All 

Hudson's      Comp.  ^  Hudson's 

65*11  Regt ....     25        Company 

"  28  John  Blakclock  of  Do. 
Corporal  of  Do. 
65th  Regt .  .  .  .  : 
June  I.  James  Thirstyn,  of  Capt 
Sinclair's  Compy 
6sth  Regt       .     .     .'     38 

Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Froceei/iitos  for  June, 
1875,  xiv.  100,  101. 

2  Sprague's  Annals  of  the  Episcopal 
Pulpit,  p.  62.     See  also  p.  344, /(jj-A 


306  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

thoughtfulness  of  good  Dr.  Andrew  Eliot,  the  pastor  of  the 
New  North  Church,  whose  letters  during  the  Siege  have  been 
quoted  on  previous  pages. ^ 

The  rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Rev.  William  Walter,  was  an 
ardent  Loyalist,  and  of  course  fled.  His  assistant,  Rev.  Samuel 
Parker  (afterwards  Bishop  Parker),  who  had  been  inducted  in 
1773,  was  making  ready  to  go  with  the  British  troops.     But  — 

although  D''-  Eliot  was  one  of  the  zealous  opponents  to  the  establishment 
of  Episcopacy  by  law  in  this  country,  &  to  the  introduction  of  bishops 
under  the  Church  of  England ;  yet  ...  he  called  upon  M"'-  Parker 
while  he  was  packing  up  his  library,  &,  with  true  christian  candour,  repre- 
sented to  him  the  destitute  situation  in  which  the  Episcopalians  would  be 
left,  who  should  remain  in  this  country,  as  all  their  ministers  were  about 
leaving  Boston ;  that  although  it  might  be  prudent  for  the  elder  gentle- 
men to  go,  who  had  shewn  their  opposition  to  the  sentiments  of  the 
people,  that  he  was  a  young  man,  who  had  done  nothing  to  render  him- 
self obnoxious,  &  would  be  perfecdy  safe  ;  that  it  was  a  duty  which  he 
owed  to  that  part  of  the  community,  to  stand  by  them  ;  &  finally  pre- 
vailed upon  him  to  tarry,  —  a  circumstance  which  that  highly  respectable 
divine  always  acknowledged  with  gratitude,  &  made  a  particular  mention 
of,  in  a  funeral  sermon  which  he  preached  at  Trinity  Church  on  the  sab- 
bath after  the  D^'s  decease.^ 

In  this  way,  while  King's  Chapel  was  without  its  own  wor- 
ship, the  members  of  its  congregation  found  a  religious  home  in 
Trinity  Church.  Space  may  here  be  given  to  a  brief  corre- 
spondence which  displays  the  kindly  and  hospitable  relations 
subsisting  between  this  and  the  affiliated  churches  of  the  Epis- 
copal communion :  — 

At  an  annual  Meeting  of  the  Proprietors  of  Pews  in  Trinity  Church 
duly  warned  on  Easter  Monday  April  8"*  1776.  .  .  .  The  following  Ad- 
dress signed  by  Thomas  Bulfinch  Esq'  in  Behalf  of  the  Proprietors  of 
King's  Chapel  was  read  &  considered. 

Inasmuch  as  the  Number  of  those  who  are  of  the  Episcopal  Church 
in  this  Town,  is  become  so  small  as  to  render  it  difficult  for  them  to  sup- 
port more  than  one  Clergyman  with  Credit ;  And  as  the  King's  Chapel 

1  "Dr.  Eliot  was  always  a  zealous  should  be  of  a  suitable  age;  and  at  the 
opposer  of  African  slavery.  Many  peo-  termination  of  his  apprenticeship,  that 
pie  in  Boston  had  slaves  for  their  family  he  should  be  a  freeman.  These  condi- 
servants.  Soon  after  his  marriage,  a  tions  not  suiting  the  gentlemen,  the  mat- 
sum  of  money  was  subscribed  among  his  ter  was  dropt.  He  did  not  live  to  witness 
friends,  sufficient  to  buy  a  black  boy  for  the  abolition  of  slavery  in  this  common- 
him ;  but  he  declined  the  present,  unless  wealth."  —  Historical  Notices  of  the  New 
he  might  be  permitted  to  put  him  an  North  Relisrioris  Society  {lZ22),Y>-  Z'^' 
apprentice  to  some   business,  when  he  ^  Ibid  ,-^.  -i^x. 


THE    REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  307 

by  being  situated  nearly  in  the  Centre  of  the  Town,  will  accommodate 
each  Church  better  than  either  of  the  other  Churches  would  —  It  is 
therefore  proposed  by  the  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel  to  the  Propri- 
etors of  Trinity  Church  whether  it  will  not  be  most  adviseable  &  aggreable 
to  join  in  one  Communion  &  to  desire  the  Rev'^  Mr.  Parker  to  perform 
divine  Service  statedly  at  King's  Chapel.  An  Answer  to  this  Proposal 
is  requested  on  Easter  Monday  or  as  soon  as  is  Convenient. 

Thomas  Bulfinch  in  Behalf  of 
Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel. 
To  the  Proprietors  of  Trinity  Church, 
Boston,  April  4,  1776. 

Voted  That  an  Answer  to  the  Request  of  Thorn'  Bulfinch  Esq'  &c 
be  prepared  &  laid  before  the  Proprietors  at  the  Adjournment  of  this 
Meeting. 

.  .  .  The  following  Answer  to  the  Proposal  signed  by  Thom'  Bulfinch 
Esq'  in  Behalf  of  the  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel  was  read  &  Voted  that 
the  Wardens  be  requested  to  sign  it  &  send  it  to  Docf  Bulfinch. 
To  the  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel  — 

Gentlemen,  It  is  with  Grief  &  Concern  that  we  behold  the  Church  of 
England,  thro'  the  unhappy  State  of  this  Country  reduced  to  so  small  a 
Number  in  this  Town,  &  especially  that  a  Sister  Church  of  such  a  respect- 
able Figure  as  yours  has  always  made  is  not  only  from  the  same  Cause 
so  much  curtailed  in  its  Numbers,  but  also  deprived  of  both  its  Ministers. 
Your  Proposal  to  us  to  join  in  one  Communion  we  consider  as  not  only 
advisable,  but  assure  you  it  will  be  perfectly  agreeable  to  us  —  But  at  the 
same  time  we  cannot  either  with  Justice  to  ourselves  or  the  other  Pro- 
prietors of  this  Church  who  are  now  absent,  consent  that  divine  Service 
should  by  our  Minister  be  performed  statedly  at  Kvig's  Chapel.  We 
feel  ourselves  disposed  from  all  the  Ties  of  Christian  Fellowship  to  accom- 
modate you  as  far  as  lies  in  our  Power  &  sincerely  wish  to  join  in  Com- 
munion with  you.  But  the  Shutting  up  our  own  Church  &  removing 
our  stated  Place  of  Worship  would  be  attended  with  so  much  Inconve- 
nience to  Individuals  ;  &  as  we  apprehend  Detriment  to  ourselves  as  a 
Society,  that  we  hope  we  shall  not  be  judged  by  you  as  chargeable  with 
a  Breach  of  the  Laws  of  Christian  Charity  &  Kindness,  if  we  refuse  to 
comply  with  your  Request.  Any  of  your  Number  who  are  desirous  of 
joining  with  us  at  our  Church  by  applying  to  the  Wardens  shall  be  accom- 
modated with  Seats  &  be  heartily  welcome  to  partake  with  us  in  all  the 
Ordinances  of  the  Gospel. ^ 

Boston  April  10  1776.  John  Rowe  ) 

Daniel  Hubbard  \  ^^'^^^^"^ 

1  Dr.  Parker  of  Boston  and  Mr.  land,  or  to  the  other  Colonies,  when  the 
McGilchrist  of  Salem  were  the  only  two  war  broke  out.  The  Church  in  Salem 
whodidnot  fly  from  their  parishes  to  Eng-     dwindled  away.     Mr.    McGilchrist   was 


308  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

A  few  further  extracts  from  these  records  will  show  both  the 
perplexity  brought  by  the  political  revolution  into  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  church  ritual,  and  the  steps  by  which  Episcopacy 
in  New  England  gradually  asserted  its  own  independence.  For 
a  time,  all  went  on  as  before,  since  it  had  not  yet  been  declared 
on  public  authority  "  that  these  Colonies  are,  and  of  right  ought 
to  be,  free  and  independent  States."  But  the  next  step  involved 
a  grave  decision,  affecting  what  to  many  was  a  question  of  prin- 
ciple.    We  find  that  — 

At  a  Meeting  of  the  Minister,  Wardens  &  Vestry  of  Trinity  Church  on 
Thursday  the  i8  Day  of  July  1776  — 

The  Rev''  Mr  Parker  informed  the  Wardens  &  Vestry  that  he  could 
not  with  Safety  perform  the  Service  of  the  Church  for  the  future,  as 
the  continental  Congress  had  declared  the  American  Provinces  free  & 
independent  States,  had  absolved  them  from  all  Allegiance  to  the 
British  Crown  &  had  dissolved  all  political  Connection  between  them  & 
the  Realm  of  England.  That  he  was  publickly  interrupted  the  Lords 
Day  preceding  when  reading  the  Prayers  in  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church  for 
the  King  and  had  received  many  Threats  &  Menaces  that  he  would  be 
interrupted  &  insulted  in  future  if  the  Prayers  for  the  King  should  be 
again  read  in  the  church ;  and  that  he  was  apprehensive  some  Damage 
would  accrue  to  the  Proprietors  of  the  Church  if  the  Service  was  in 
future  carried  on  as  had  been  usual.  And  therefore  desired  their  Counsel 
&  Advice  — 

Wherefore  the  said  Wardens  &  Vestry  taking  the  Matter  into  Consid- 
eration, after  maturely  debating  thereon,  it  appeared  evident  that  the 
Temper  &  Spirit  of  the  People  in  this  Town  was  such  that  they  would 
not  suffer  any  Prayers  for  the  King  to  be  publickly  read  in  Divine  Ser- 
vice, &  that  there  was  no  other  Alternative  but  either  to  shut  up  the 
Church  &  have  no  public  Worship ;  or  to  omit  that  Part  of  the  Liturgy 
wherein  the  King  is  prayed  for.  And  as  there  are  many  Persons  of  the 
Episcopal  Persuasion  who  cannot  conscientiously  attend  the  Worship  of 
Dissenters,  &  to  whom  it  would  be  a  great  Detriment  &  Grief  of  Mind 
to  have  no  Place  where  they  can  attend  the  Worship  of  God  according 
to  their  Consciences ;  the  Wardens  &  Vestry  conclude  that  it  would  be 
more  for  the  Literest  &  Cause  of  Episcopacy  &  the  least  Evil  of  the  two 
to  omit  Part  of  the  Liturgy  than  to  shut  up  the  Church — And  hoping  in 
this  sad  Alternative  it  will  not  be  imputed  to  them  as  a  Fault  or  construed 
as  a  Want  of  Affection  for  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church,  if  under  these  Cir- 

exposed  to  various  trials  and   troubles  the  boys  would  "  go  and  rock  the  Tory 

during  the  war,  so  excited  was  the  popu-  church  "  as  a  diversion.     Public  worship 

lar   feeling.      The  church   edifice   itself  was  finally  suspended. —  Curwe7i^s  Joiir- 

was   assailed.      Stones  were  sometimes  nal   a7id    Letters,   Biographical  Notices, 

thrown  into  the  windows  while  the  wor-  p.  5S0. 
shippers  were  assembled,  and  at  others, 


THE   REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  309 

cumstances  they  omit  that  Part  of  it  in  which  the  King  is  mentioned. 
Therefore  Voted  That  the  Rev''  M'  Parker  the  present  Minister  of  this 
church  be  desired  to  continue  officiating,  &  that  he  be  requested  to  omit 
that  Part  of  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church  which  relates  to  the  King —  [& 
that  the  Omissions  be  as  follows]. 
Proprietors  Meeting  Concurred.^ 

The  ritual  of  Trinity  Church,  we  are  informed,  continues  to 
this  day  to  omit  the  prayers  for  the  King  under  the  authority 
of  this  vote,  no  other  subsequent  vote  on  this  subject  standing 
on  its  records.  It  is  the  more  interesting  to  refer  to  this  inci- 
dent in  a  sister  church's  history,  for  the  reason  that  the  course 
of  Trinity  Church  in  this  matter  furnished  the  precedent  for  the 
more  extensive  changes  made  by  King's  Chapel  in  the  Liturgy 
somewhat  later.  The  cutting  off  of  both  from  the  English 
Church  by  the  Revolution  left  each  independent,  like  the  primi- 
tive churches  of  Christendom  ;  and  by  the  same  right  by  which 
the  one  church  stopped  praying  for  the  King,  the  other  stopped 
praying  for  the  King  and  using  Trinitarian  formulas. 

We  return  to  the  painful  and  humiliating  position  of  the  Loy- 
alists. Loyalty  to  their  King  and  fidelity  to  their  ordination  or 
other  official  oath  compelled  them,  many  of  them  with  an  abso- 
lutely pure  and  single  mind,  to  leave  their  country  for  conscience' 
sake  ;  yet,  having  left  it,  they  had  to  suffer  pains  of  loneliness 
and  an  aching  heart,  to  be  strangers  in  the  proud  old  land  which 
they  had  been  accustomed  to  call  the  "Mother  country"  and 
"  Home,"  to  endure  supercilious  patronage  or  cool  indifference 
from  those  ruling  powers  for  whom  they  had  sacrificed  every- 
thing, to  eat  the  bread  of  poverty  and  grudging  charity  from 
the  British  treasury,  to  know  that  they  were  declared  aliens 
by  the  land  of  their  birth,  that  their  property  was  confiscated 

1  Records  of  Trinity  Church  Aug.  26.  17S2. 

Begun  at  Easter  1776.  Application  had  been  made  ...  by 

Easter  Monday  1777  the  Overseers  of  the  Poor  of  the  Town 

Mr.  Wm.  .Selby  having  acted  as  Or-  of  Boston  for  the  Use  of  said  Church  to 

ganist  the  greatest  Part  of  the  Year  past,  perform  some   Pieces  of  Music  for  the 

—  a   public   Collection    for    his   benefit  Benefit  of  the  Poor  in  the  Almshouse  ..  . 
[ordered]  Voted  That  Liberty  be  granted  [etc.] 

£2.  I.  3  Lawful  Money  collected.  .  .  .  Provided,    That   the    Music    to  be 

Apr.  28.     ^20  Sterling  voted  him  out  performed  be  only  sacred  Music  &  not 

of  the  Church  Stock  for  the  ensuing  year,  intermixed   with    Songs   or    any   Pieces 

Oct.  18.  1778.  levitous  or  unbecoming  a  Place  appro- 

M.  W.  &  V.  voted     That  the   State  priated  solely  to  the    Worship    of   the 

Pew  be  stripped  of  its   Hangings  Cush-  Deity.   .  .  .  Journals   of  the    Protestant 

ings  &  Books,  &  that  the  Wardens  place  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States, 

some  Person  or  Persons  in  it  who  will  i.  471. 
pay  a  Tax  therefor. 


310  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

and  they  were  made  ruined  men ;    and  so  they  might  say,  with 
Hamlet,  — 

"  O  what  a  wounded  name, 
Things  standing  thus  unknown,  I  leave  behind  me." 

We  close  this  portion  of  oiir  narrative  with  the  following  de- 
scription, taken  (in  part)  from  a  centennial  discourse  delivered 
in  this  Chapel,  March  12,  1876,  in  commemoration  of  the  Evac- 
uation of  Boston :  — 

And  now  let  us  look  into  this  church  as  it  may  have  appeared  on  the 
last  Sunday  before  the  evacuation  of  Boston  by  the  British  troops,  and 
try  to  call  up  to  our  mental  vision  the  faces  of  those  adherents  of  the 
losing  cause  who  were  gathered  here  to  pray  for  King  George,  and  that 
he  might  have  victory  over  all  his  enemies.  Out  of  the  one  hundred  and 
thirteen  pews  in  the  church  forty  were  owned  by  the  church  itself.  Of 
the  families  owning  or  occupying  the  remaining  seventy-three  pews, 
about  thirty  were  so  absolutely  on  the  loyal  or  Tory  side  that  they  had 
to  fly  in  the  great  evacuation,  the  other  forty-three  being  probably  on  the 
Patriot  side.  Let  us  stand  in  this  pulpit  with  Dr.  Caner,  now  seventy- 
seven  years  old,  and  look  with  his  dim  eyes  in  the  faces  of  this  portion 
of  his  flock  who  on  the  next  Sunday  will  be  with  him  on  shipboard  in 
some  of  the  long  line  of  British  vessels  then  lying  in  Nantasket  Roads,  so 
heavily  freighted  with  humiliated  pride  and  disappointed  hopes.  Thanks 
to  Mr.  Sabine's  admirable  "  History  of  the  American  Loyalists,"  we  can 
trace  the  fortunes  of  these  defeated  men.  There,  then,  they  sit  in  these 
very  pews,  men  whose  names,  many  of  them,  were  "  a  hissing  "  on  patri- 
otic American  lips,  yet  to  whom  now  we  can  often  do  better  justice  than 
the  hard  measure  which  our  fathers  meted  out  to  them. 

An  example  of  the  extreme  Tories  is  Charles  Paxton,  in  pew  No.  4, 
with  his  family  of  five.  Mr.  Paxton's  thoughts  may  well  be  busy,  after 
the  roaring  cannonade  from  the  Rebel  works,  which  has  suffered  neither 
him  nor  any  other  dweller  in  Boston  to  sleep  during  that  dreadful  night 
of  Saturday,  March  g.  He  may  well  be  thinking  how  much  of  all  this 
is  his  own  work.  He  is  a  gentleman  "  remarkable  for  finished  politeness 
and  courtesy  of  manners,"  but  the  Whigs  have  cared  nothing  for  that. 
He  has  had  the  honor  of  being  hung  in  efifigy  on  the  Liberty  Tree  on 
Gunpowder-plot  day,  "  between  the  figures  of  the  Devil  and  the  Pope," 
with  the  label,  "  Every  man's  humble  servant,  but  no  man's  friend." 
He  has  been  "  active  beyond  his  associates  as  one  of  the  Commissioners 
of  Customs."  John  Adams  says  of  him,  that  he  appeared  at  one  time 
"  to  have  been  Governor,  Lieutenant-Governor,  Secretary,  and  Chief- 
Justice."  He  has  the  misfortune  to  be  a  courtier  of  Charles  Townshend. 
Does  he  think  to-day  of  the  quarrel  with  James  Otis  in  1769;  of  the 
flight  of  the  customs'  officers  to  Castle  William  to  escape  the  mob  after 
seizing  one  of  John  Hancock's  vessels  for  smuggling  wine  ;  of  the  coming 
of  the  first  troops  to  Boston,  largely  at  his  instigation  ;  of  the  King  Street 


56 


55 


54 


53 


51 


50 


49 


48 


47 


46 


45 


44 


£ 


59 

Pulpit 

60 

Clerk's  Desk 

61 

82 

62 

81 

63 

80 

64 

79 

65 

78 

66 

77 

67 

76 

68 

75 

69 

74 

70 

73 

71 

72 

jOfc       V  ASS  ALL 

^    MONUMRNT 


1 

26 

2 

25 

~^i. 

* 

3 

24 

4 

23 

5 

22 

-.\i/. 

'4v" 

6 

21 

7 

20 

8 

19 

■^i. 

W: 

9 

18 

10 

17 

11 

16 

^ 

12 

15 

13 

14 

29 


30 


31     «.> 


32 


o 

o 
H  __ 

Soldiers'    ^m^.      /// 
Monument  'ft^       -(  / 


TREMONT    STREET. 


PLAN    OF   PEWS   ON   THE   FLOOR. 


THE   REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  31I 

"  massacre  "  near  his  Custom  House  ;  of  the  popular  rage  when  Dr. 
Franklin  sent  home  copies  of  the  letters  which  he  and  others  had  written 
privately  to  England  ?  Never  more  will  he  collect  customs  here  or  else- 
where. He  will  die  in  England,  aged  eighty-four,  in  1 78S,  his  name 
under  ban  and  his  property  confiscated  here.  But  there  are  not  a  few 
far  more  gracious  names  than  his. 

In  pews  Nos.  7,  8,  sit  the  family  of  Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner.  Dr. 
Gardiner  has  been  Senior  Warden  of  King's  Chapel  at  intervals  for 
twenty  years.  An  educated  physician,  a  man  of  great  wealth,  the  pro- 
prietor of  vast  estates  to  the  eastward,  which  he  has  done  great  things  to 
improve,  respected  by  all.  His  house  in  Boston  was  the  resort  of  all  the 
most  noted  people  of  the  time,  for  he  mentions  as  his  frequent  visitors, 
Governor  Hutchinson,  Dr.  Cooper,  Sir  William  Pepperell,  John  Hancock, 
Earl  Percy,  Major  Pitcairn,  Samuel  Adams,  Admiral  Graves,  Mr.  (after- 
wards Colonel)  Hitchburn  of  the  Continental  Army,  General  Gage, 
Capt.  Philip  Dumeresq,  his  son-in-law  (aide-de-camp  to  Lord  Dunmore) 
Mr.  John  Singleton  Copley,  and  another  son-in-law,  Col.  Arthur  Browne. 
Now  in  his  seventieth  year,  he  has  no  will  to  leave  his  home.  But  the 
young  wife,  sitting  beside  him,  has  so  compromised  him  with  the  Royal 
party,  by  her  ardent  zeal  on  that  side,  that  he  must  go.  Crowded  on 
the  vessel  which  will  bear  his  family  to  Halifax,  poorly  fed,  proscribed, 
and  banished  in  1778,  he  yet  loves  his  native  country  so  much  that  he 
will  voluntarily  leave  behind  him  his  valuable  stock  of  medicines  and 
drugs  for  Washington's  army  to  use,^  —  an  act  which  will  be  rewarded 
by  Massachusetts  after  the  war,  by  the  gift  of  tickets  in  the  State  Land 
Lottery,  from  which  Dr.  Gardiner's  heirs  will  derive  the  benefit  of 
six  thousand  acres  of  land  in  Washington  County,  Me.  The  memory 
of  this  prominent  man  is  perpetuated  by  the  name  of  the  town  of 
Gardiner,  Maine. 

In  No.  10  sits  Isaac  Royall,  long  a  member  of  the  Council  of  the 
Province,  but  who  had  not  been  sworn  into  office  as  a  Mandamus  Coun- 
cillor. His  noble  farm  in  Medford  lies  within  the  Rebel  lines  to-day.  He 
will  flee  with  the  rest,  and  his  name  will  appear  among  the  proscribed 
and  banished  in  1778.  He  must  taste  the  bitterness  of  neglect  from 
Lord  North  and  Lord  Germain,  and  must  die  in  England  in  October, 
1781,  and  never  lay  his  dust  beside  that  of  his  wife  and  his  parents  in  his 
beloved  Medford.  But  he  is  large  enough  to  forgive  his  country  for 
casting  him  out,  and  to  bequeath  two  thousand  acres  of  land  in  Worcester 
County  to  found  the  first  Law  Professorship  in  Harvard  University.  A 
genial,  generous,  hospitable  man.'-^ 

^  Cf.  footnote  2  on  p.  355, /fjA  ton,   was   disappointed    in  his    hope   of 

2  In  1774  Col.  Royall  was  one  of  the  obtaining  a  passage  from  Salem  to  his 

Mandamus  Councillors  appointed  by  the  Antigua  plantations,  and  finally  escaped 

King,  but  did  not  take  the  oath,  probably  to  Halifax  in"  May,  1775,  going  to  Eng- 

in  deference  to  the  popular  sentiment,  land  in    1776.     He  was  proscribed  and 

He   left    his   stately   home    in   Medford  banished  in  177S.     Cf.  ante,  p.  161. 
three  days  before  the  battle  of  Lexing- 


312  ANNALS    01^    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Turn  now,  with  Dr.  Caner's  eyes,  toward  the  Southern  aisle. 

In  No.  20  sits  Gilbert  Deblois,  Dr.  Gardiner's  colleague  as  Junior 
Warden  of  the  Church.  A  Boston  merchant,  of  him  the  same  story  is  to 
be  told,  —  an  addresser  of  Hutchinson  and  Gage,  a  fugitive  to  Halifax, 
a  proscribed  and  banished  man.  He  returned  here  after  the  war,  just  in 
time  to  sign  tlie  protest  against  the  ordination  of  Mr.  Freeman,  —  which 
brought  on  him  the  following  rebuke  from  the  Wardens  of  King's  Chapel 
in  their  reply  to  that  protest :  "The  last  person  to  be  mentioned,"  they 
say,  "is  Mr.  Gilbert  Deblois,  a  gentleman  who  having  so  lately  returned 
among  us,  we  fear  has  not  had  time  to  pay  sufficient  attention  to  the 
alterations,  but  who,  we  hope,  when  he  has  done  it  will  make  us  happy 
in  returning  with  his  family  to  our  Christian  communion."  Mr.  Deblois 
died  in  England  in  1791,  aged  sixty-three. 

Just  before  him,  in  No.  21,  sits  Archibald  McNeil,  another  Boston 
merchant,  addresser,  fugitive,  and  proscribed.  What  a  tragic  future  is 
before  him,  all  unknowing,  as  on  this  March  Sunday  he  enjoys  his  last 
Sabbath  of  worship  in  his  own  place  of  rest!  After  all  the  hardships  of 
exile,  he  will  return  to  Boston  in  17S4,  to  be  "  committed  to  jail ;  but 
finally  allowed  to  leave  the  State  and  join  his  family  at  Quebec.  In 
August,  I  784,  when  asleep  in  the  woods,  while  on  a  journey  from  Canada 
to  Nova  Scotia,  he  was  murdered  by  Indians." 

In  No.  23  Eliakim  Hutchinson  (H.  U.  1730)  is  represented  by  his 
widow.  Her  husband,  a  member  of  the  Council  and  a  judge,  had  died 
in  1775.  His  widow  is  the  eldest  daughter  of  Governor  Shirley,  and  so 
is  closely  bound  to  this  Church  of  her  mother's  monument.  She  must 
be  thinking  regretfully  of  her  beautiful  mansion  in  Roxbury,  beyond  the 
Rebel  lines,  —  the  house  since  known  as  the  Governor  Eustis  mansion. 
She  died  in  London  in  1790. 

Robert  Auchmuty  occupies  No.  25.  A  judge  of  the  Vice  Admiralty, 
the  associate  of  John  Adams  in  the  defence  of  Captain  Preston  for  the 
King  Street  "  massacre."  Mr.  Adams,  with  no  friendly  pen,  describes  his 
arguments  at  the  bar  as  "  fluent  reiterations  and  reiterating  fluency."  Dr. 
Franklin  has  sent  his  letters  home,  with  those  of  Paxton ;  and  the  mark 
of  doom  is  on  him.  His  unreturning  voyage  out  of  Boston  harbor  leads 
to  poverty  and  distress  in  England,  where  he  will  die  in  1788.  "His 
estate  was  confiscated.  His  mansion  in  Roxbury  became  the  property 
of  Governor  Increase  Sumner." 

John  Powell,  in  No.  26,  had  been  a  less  unwavering  Loyalist.  In  1760 
opposed  to  the  crown  officers,  he  was  later  among  the  addressers  of 
Hutchinson  and  Gage,  and  now  must  go  among  the  fugitives  under  ban. 

In  No.  29  sits  Robert  Hallowell  with  his  family  of  five.  The  son-in-law 
of  Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner  and  Comptroller  of  the  Customs,  he  has  seen  a 
stormy  life  in  Boston  during  his  twelve  years'  official  life  here.  His  ele- 
gant house  in  Hanover  Street  was,  in  1765,  sacked  by  the  same  drunken 
mob  vv'hich  did  the  irreparable  wrong  to  Governor  Hutchinson's  mansion. 


THE    REVOLUTIONARY    PERIOD.  313 

In  1768  Mr.  Hallowell  "  ordered  Hancock's  vessel,  the  Liberty,  seized  for 
smuggling  wine,  to  be  removed  from  the  wharf  to  a  place  covered  by  the 
guns  of  the  Romney  frigate  ;  and  in  the  affray  which  occurred  received 
wounds  and  bruises  that  at  the  moment  seemed  mortal."  Though  he 
will  go  with  the  other  refugees,  and  his  property  will  be  largely  confis- 
cated, he  will  return  in  1792,  and  find  his  old  friends  not  alien,  and 
will  die  in  Gardiner,  Me.,  in  18 18,  aged  seventy-nine. 

To  pews  Nos.  31-32  belongs  a  special  history.  Here  was  the  State 
pew,  raised  on  a  dais,  curtained  with  crimson ;  here  had  been  seen 
Shirley  and  Bernard  and  General  Gage  ;  and  here  now  the  dark  and  war- 
like face  of  Sir  William  Howe  looked  sternly  forth.  .  .  . 

No.  33  belongs  to  Francis  Johonnot.  He  will  go  with  the  Governor, 
and  will  die  in  England  before  March,  1777.  His  widow,  Mary,  will 
outlive  him  ten  years,  and  will  die  in  Boston. 

In  No.  36  are  Anne  and  Elizabeth  Cummings,  poor  spinsters.  They 
will  be  homesick  enough  for  Boston  before  their  March  voyage  to  Hali- 
fax is  over.  But  they  are  milliners,  and  have  probably  derived  their 
politics  as  well  as  their  living  from  the  customers  whose  fortunes  they 
will  share  in  exile. 

Yet  another  pew  in  this  aisle,  No.  39,  is  held  by  Edward  Stow, 
with  his  family  of  three  persons,  likewise  a  refugee  and  proscribed. 

And  now  the  old  rector  turns  his  eyes  toward  the  North  aisle  of  the 
church. 

In  No.  50  sits  Ambrose  Vincent,  who  will  linger  behind  the  British 
troops,  —  only  to  be  arrested  in  April,  1776,  by  order  of  the  Council  of 
Massachusetts. 

Harder  yet  is  the  fate  of  the  owner  of  No.  54.  JoUey  Allen  needs  all 
the  cheerfulness  embodied  in  his  name  to  endure  the  fate  that  is  drawing 
near  to  him.  A  native  of  London,  where  he  was  born  in  or  about  17 18, 
he  came  to  this  country  with  his  father  and  at  least  one  brother  in  1755.^ 
He  settled  in  Boston,  and  became  one  of  the  principal  shopkeepers  in 
the  town.  An  ardent  Loyalist,  he,  too,  left  Boston  with  the  Royal 
Army,  sailing  on  March  27,  1776.  But  "the  man  who  engaged  to  con- 
vey his  family  and  property  to  Halifax  was  a  knave  and  unskilful  in  the 
management  of  a  vessel.  Soon  parting  with  the  fleet,  instead  of  arriving 
in  Nova  Scotia,  they  were  cast  ashore  on  Cape  Cod ;  where  his  goods 
were  seized  and  confiscated,  and  where  all  on  board  were  imprisoned." 
Here  Allen  was  detained  by  the  town  authorities  for  several  weeks,  and 
was  then  sent  to  Watertown.  and  afterward  to  Shrewsbury,  where  he  re- 

1  The  father  and  this  brother  settled  Lewis  Allen,  made  himself  so  obnoxious 

in  Shrewsbury,  where  they  were  among  to   his   fellow    townsmen    that    he   was 

the  most  zealous  Loyalists  in  the  early  obliged    to   remove  to  Leicester,  where 

stages  of  the  struggle  with  the  mother  he  died  in  17S0.  —  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Pro- 

country.      The   father  died    before   the  ceedings  for  February,  1878,  xvi.  67. 
outbreak  of  hostilities  ;  but  the  brother, 


314  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

mained  for  nearly  a  year.  He  then  made  his  escape,  and,  embarking  at 
New  London,  went  to  England  in  a  British  man-of-war.  By  and  by  he 
got  to  London,  where  he  died  in  1782,  directing  that  "after  the  troubles 
were  over,  his  remains  should  be  removed  to  the  family  vault  under 
King's  Chapel,"  —  where,  let  us  hope,  his  ashes  may  be  allowed  to  sleep 
undisturbed  by  any  meddlesome  hand.^  In  London  he  attracted  the 
sympathy  of  Lord  George  Germain,  and  received  a  pension,  said  to  have 
amounted  to  forty  pounds  a  year.  His  brother  Lewis  was  allowed  to 
take  his  seven  children,  but  the  Assembly  kept  the  property.  It  is  not, 
perhaps,  surprising  that  Allen,  as  a  late  immigrant,  should  have  sym- 
pathized with  the  British  Ministry  in  their  struggles  with  the  colonists ; 
and  as  the  pohtical  antagonism  increased  he  came  under  the  strong  sus- 
picion of  the  popular  leaders.  He  himself,  in  an  account  of  his  suffer- 
ings and  hopes,  relates  that  "  sometime,  I  think  in  the  month  of  Octo. 
1772,  I  bought  two  chests  of  tea  of  Gov'  Hutchinson's  two  sons,  Thos. 
&  Elisha,  about  11  o'clock  in  the  forenoon."     Hence  his  later  woes. 

No.  57  is  occupied  by  Thomas  Kirk,  still  another  customs  officer. 
It  was  he  who  went  on  board  of  Hancock's  vessel  laden  with  wines,  and 
refusing  a  bribe  to  allow  the  cargo  to  be  smuggled,  was  confined  below, 
while  it  was  taken  ashore. 

No.  58  is  held  by  John  Moody,  the  Clerk  of  the  Church.  He,  who 
has  been  reading  the  responses  to  loyal  prayers  in  this  clerk's  desk,  must 
go  with  the  King's  men,  —  he  and  his  son  and  his  grandchildren. 

Samuel  Fitch  (Y.  C.  1742)  occupies  No.  60  with  his  family  of  six 
persons.  He  is  solicitor  to  the  Board  of  Commissioners,  and  their  fate 
of  exile  and  confiscation  is  to  be  his  also 

In  No.  65  sits  George  Erving,  a  Boston  merchant,  son-in-law  of  Isaac 
Royall,  at  first  on  the  popular  side  but  afterwards  with  the  government. 
He,  too,  is  to  be  an  exile,  with  his  family  of  five  persons  ;  his  property  is 
to  be  confiscated,  and  himself  to  die  in  London  in  1806  at  the  age  of 
seventy.  "  Many  a  time,"  wrote  his  son  long  afterward,  "  has  my  father 
expressed  to  me  his  heart-bitter  regrets,  and  that  his  only  consolation 
was  that  his  errors  had  not  deprived  me  of  my  rights  as  an  American. 
*  I  have  committed  a  great  fault,  but  you  are  not  responsible.'  .  .  .  He 
remained  to  the  day  of  his  death  an  impassioned  American." 

In  No.  66  is  Lewis  Deblois,  another  Boston  merchant,  soon  to  be 
fugitive,  proscribed,  and  banished,  and  to  die  in  England  in  1779  aged 
seventy-one. 

1  After  his  death,  this  autobiographical  Mr.  Ticknor.     The  manuscript,  which  is 

fragment  passed  into  the  hands  of  his  a  small  quarto  of  about  seventy  pages, 

executors,    Sir    William    Pepperell   and  is  well,  even  beautifully,  written;  but  the 

Mr.  George  Erving,  both  of  whom  were  bad   grammar   and   bad    spelling   show 

Loyalists ;  and,  after  the  death  of  the  lat-  that  Allen,  though   loyal   to  the  King, 

ter,  it  was  found  among  his  papers,  and  was  a  rebel  to  the  schoolmaster.  —  A/ass. 

given  by  his  son,  the   Hon.  George  W.  ///>/.  Soc.  Proceedings  for  February,  1S78, 

Erving,   at    one    time    Minister   of  the  xvi.  68, 
United  States  at  the  Court  of  Spain,  to 


THE   REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD.  315 

Dr.  John  Jeffries  (H.  U.  1763)  occupies  No.  67.  He  has  been  a 
surgeon  on  a  British  ship  of  the  hne  in  cur  harbor,  and  after  the  battle 
of  Bunker  Hill,  dressing  the  wounds  of  the  King's  troops,  it  was  he  who 
identified  the  body  of  Warren.  He,  too,  will  be  proscribed  and  banished. 
He  will  be  chief  of  the  surgical  staff  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  will  serve  pro- 
fessionally in  the  British  troops  in  South  Carolina  and  New  York.  After 
the  war,  he  will  practise  medicine  for  a  time  in  London ;  and  his  name 
will  be  associated  with  a  memorable  deed,  in  being  the  first  person  to  cross 
the  British  channel  in  a  balloon  in  1785.  But  he  will  come  home  again  in 
1790,  to  die  in  1819,  aged  seventy-five,  an  honored  citizen,  with  the 
enviable  testimony  that  "  he  attended  the  poor  as  cheerfully  and  faithfully 
as  the  rich,  and  was  never  known  to  refuse  a  professional  call."  ^ 

In  No.  68,  John  Haskins  will  linger  in  Boston  too  long ;  for  in  April, 
1776,  the  Council  of  Massachusetts  will  order  his  arrest.  He,  too,  is  a 
protestor  against  the  Whigs  in  1774. 

No.  76  is  occupied  by  John  Vassall,  one  of  that  distinguished  family 
who  have  now  left  here  only  their  graves  in  the.  Cambridge  burial-ground, 
marked  by  the  Vas  and  So/,  their  coat-of-arms,  and  the  fine  old  monu- 
ment, erected  in  this  church  by  John's  kinsman,  Horentius  Vassall,  of 
Jamaica,  in  1766."  Mr.  John  Vassall  has  been  living  in  Boston  since 
early  in  1775,  having  been  driven  by  a  mob  from  his  beautiful  home  in 
Cambridge.  That  stately  house  is  occupied  as  the  headquarters  of 
George  Washington,  Esq.,  commander  of  the  rebel  muster,  and  Mr. 
Vassall's  uninvited  tenant.  And  it  is  to  have  a  new  glory,  a  century 
later,  in  being  the  home  of  one  of  New  England's  most  beloved  and 
sweetest  poets.  Mr.  Vassall,  too,  will  die  in  England,  though  more  fortu- 
nate than  most  of  his  fellow-worshippers  here,  in  saving  his  Jamaica 
fortune  from  the  wreck. 

His  brother,  William  Vassall,  occupies  No.  78.     He  is  an  unsworn 

1  The  Heraldic  Journal  (ii.  166)  men-  tion,  and  no  claim  of  any  kind  was  made 
tions  the  Jeffries  family :  "  David,  b.  on  them  until,  in  1S36,  Lady  Elizabeth 
at  Rhoad,  Wilshire,  in  1658,  came  to  Vassall  Holland,  wife  of  Baron  Holland, 
Boston  in  1677,  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  and  granddaughter  of  Florentius  Vassall, 
John  Usher.  His  son,  John,  was  Town  and  her  husband,  assigned  their  rights 
Treasurer  of  Boston,  m.  Anne  Clarke,  and  title  to  her  son  by  a  previous  mar- 
but  d.  s. />.  Dr.  John  Jeffries  (in  the  riage,  Lieut.  Col.  Henry  Webster,  of  the 
fourth  generation),  b.  1745,  H.  C.  1763,  English  army.  Actions  were  shortly 
studied  medicine,  surgeon  in  British  commenced  against  Peter  Cooper,  a 
Navy,  royalist  refugee,  crossed  English  farmer  of  Pittston,  whose  family  had  been 
Channel  in  balloon,  returned  to  Boston  in  possession  of  their  farm  more  than 
in  1790,  and  d.  in  1S19."  fifty  years.     In  this  suit  for  the  premises, 

2  Florentius  Vassall  died  in  London  Judge  Story  decided  that  Webster  had 
in  1778,  entailed  by  his  will  his  vast  no  right  of  action.  A  second  action  was 
estates,  including  a  twenty-fourth  part  brought  in  the  Circuit  Court  of  the 
of  the  Plymouth  Grant,  and  comprising  United  States  at  Portland,  sent  up  to 
large  tracts  of  farming  land  in  Lincoln,  Washington,  remanded  to  the  same  court 
Kno.x,  and  Somerset  Counties,  Me.,  and  at  Portland,  where  the  judges  ruled  that 
appointed  trustees  to  have  charge  of  the  the  trustees  were  barred  by  the  statute 
property.  The  lands  were  occupied  and  of  limitations.  The  case  was  thus  de- 
improved  by  settlers  after  the  Revolu-  cided  in  favor  of  the  defendants. 


3l6  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Mandamus  Councillor,  and  to  be  proscribed  and  banished.  His  name 
is  remembered  now  for  his  unavailing  protests  after  the  Revolution 
against  the  changes  in  Church  and  State.  His  estate  had  been  forfeited. 
"  As  the  Federal  Constitution  was  adopted,  a  State  could  be  sued  ;  and, 
at  Mr.  Vassall's  instance,  proceedings  against  Massachusetts  were  com- 
menced in  the  Court  of  the  United  States,  and  Governor  Hancock  was 
summoned  as  defendant  in  the  case.  His  Excellency  declined  to  ap- 
pear ;  and,  soon  after,  the  Eleventh  Amendment  to  the  Constitution  put 
an  end  to  the  right  of  Loyalists  to  test  the  validity  of  the  Confiscation 
Acts  of  the  Revolution."  His  other  protest,  which  was  equally  ineffi- 
cacious, was  by  proxy  in  1785  against  the  change  in  the  liturgy  of  King's 
Chapel  and  Mr.  Freeman's  ordination.  Mr.  William  Vassall  died  in 
England,  1800,  aged  eighty-five.  "  He  was  upright,  generous,  and  lov- 
ing." His  pew  here  must  have  been  a  crowded  one ;  for  by  his  two 
wives  he  was  the  father  of  sixteen  children. 

In  No.  79  sits  Thomas  Brinley,  eldest  son  of  Col.  Francis  Brinley  of 
Roxbury,  a  Boston  merchant  (H.  U.  1744),  a  Loyalist,  one  of  the  ad- 
dressers of  Hutchinson  in  1774,  and  of  Gage.  He  was  proscribed  by 
the  Act  of  1778,  and  went  to  England.  His  property  was  confiscated, 
and  his  pew  in  King's  Chapel  was  lost  to  his  descendants.  He  married 
a  daughter  of  Judge  Cradock.  He  and  his  wife  died  in  London,  and 
left  no  children. 

In  No.  82,  just  beneath  the  pulpit,  is  yet  another  addresser  of 
Hutchinson  and  unsworn  Mandamus  Councillor,  Richard  Lechmere. 
He  and  his  flock  of  eleven  persons  must  go  on  the  same  Halifax  journey. 
Proscribed  and  banished,  he  will  die  in  England,  after  nearly  forty  years, 
in  18 1 4,  aged  eighty-seven. 

Yet  one  more  remains  to  speak  of,  occupying  No.  91,-'  a  woman 
beautiful  still,  though  now  in  middle  age  and  wearing  widow's  weeds. 
The  romantic  story  of  her  who  later  became  Lady  Frankland  has  been 
told  in  exquisite  verse  by  one  of  our  own  poets  :  the  poor  girl,  Agnes 
Surriage,  whom  Sir  Charles  Henry  Frankland  ^  found  scrubbing  the  floor 
of  the  Marblehead  inn,  whom  he  educated,  and  who  shared  his  home  at 
Hopkinton  ^ 

1  In  two  of  the  three  Lists  of  Occu-  well,  leaving  her  estates  in  the  hands  of 
pants  of  Pews  in  1775  printed  on  page  321  members  of  her  family.  She  lived  a  few 
et  seq.,fost,  Lady  Frankland  is  assigned  years  with  the  Frankland  family  in  Eng- 
to  Pew  No.  2.  —  Editor.  land,  married  a  second  time  in  17S2,  and 

2  See  ante,  i.  515-518.  died  in  1783.     "Altogether  a  very  lovely 

3  Defended  from  molestation  by  a  creature,  with  a  majestic  gait,  dark  lus- 
guard  of  six  soldiers,  Lady  Frankland  trous  eyes,  clear,  melodious  voice,  and  a 
entered  Boston  [from  Hopkinton,  where  sweet  smile,  graceful  and  dignified  man- 
she  had  lived  since  her  husband's  death  ners,  readily  adapting  herself  to  her  rapid 
in  1768]  about  the  first  of  June,  1775,  wit-  change  of  position,  winning  the  affection 
nessed  from  her  window  in  Garden  Court  of  her  husband's  well-born  relatives, 
Street  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  took  her  while  she  never  forgot  nor  forsook  her 
part  in  relieving  the  sufferings  of  the  own  humble  kindred."  —  Mr.  Heuf-y  Lee, 
woundedofificers,  and  then  in  her  turn  dis-  in  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proc.  for  February, 
appeared  with  her  step-son  Henry  Crom-  i8Si,xviii.  350.     See  also  fl«/'i',i.  515-518. 


THE    REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD. 


317 


And  so  they  went  forth  from  these  doors,  those  representa- 
tives of  a  lost  cause,  leaving  the  church,  as  Dr.  Caner  supposed, 
to  silence.     In  his  note  in  the  Register  of  Marriages,  he  wrote  : 


^  4^  ^  C-  t:  ■ 


^ 


%^1|^ 


3l8  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

[March  lo,  1777.]  "An  unnatural  Rebellion  of  the  Colonies  against 
his  Majesties  Government  obliged  the  Loyal  Part  of  his  subjects  to 
evacuate  their  DwelUngs  and  Substance,  and  to  take  refuge  in  Halifax, 
London,  and  elsewhere  ;  By  which  means  the  public  Worship  at  King's 
Chapel  became  suspended,  and  is  likely  to  remain  so,  till  it  shall  please 
God  in  the  Course  of  his  Providence  to  change  the  hearts  of  the  Rebels, 
or  give  Success  to  his  Majesties  arms  for  suppressing  the  RebeUion." 

Within  a  month  of  the  evacuation  of  the  town  by  the  British 
troops,  on  Easter  Monday,  April  8,  1776,  King's  Chapel  was 
opened  again  for  an  impressive  solemnity,  as  if  to  pledge  it  for- 
ever to  tlie  American  cause  ;  for  here  were  held  the  solemn 
obsequies  of  Dr.  Joseph  Warren,  when  his  remains  were  disin- 
terred from  the  soldier's  grave  which  he  found  on  Bunker  Hill, 
as  soon  as  order  was  restored  to  the  hberated  town.  To  this 
church  they  were  borne  with  every  mark  of  honor,  and  here 
were  gathered  the  noblest  and  best  representatives  of  the  Patriot 
cause,  while  a  eulogy  was  spoken  over  them  from  this  pulpit. 
Mrs.  Abigail  Adams  ^  thus  refers  to  these  events  in  her  letters 
to  John  Adams:  — 

"  7  April,  1776.  Yesterday  the  remains  of  our  worthy  General  Warren 
were  dug  up  upon  Bunker  s  hill,  &  carried  into  town,  &  on  Monday  are 
to  be  interred  with  all  the  honors  of  war. 

"10  April.  The  Doctor  was  buried  on  Monday  ;  the  masons  walking 
in  procession  from  the  Statehouse,  with  the  military  in  uniforms,  &  a 
large  concourse  of  people  attending.  He  was  carried  into  the  Chapel, 
&  there  a  funeral  dirge  was  played,  an  excellent  prayer  by  Dr.  Cooper, 
&  an  oration  by  Mr.  Morton,  which  I  hope  will  be  printed.  I  think  the 
subject  must  have  inspired  him.  A  young  fellow  could  not  have  wished 
a  finer  opportunity  to  display  his  talents.  The  amiable  &  heroic  virtues 
of  the  deceased,  recent  in  the  minds  of  the  audience  ;  the  noble  cause 
to  which  he  fell  a  martyr ;  their  own  sufferings  &  unparalleled  injuries, 
all  fresh  in  their  minds,  must  have  given  weight  and  energy  to  whatever 
could  be  delivered  upon  the  occasion.  The  dead  body,  like  that  of 
Caesar,  before  their  eyes,  whilst  each  wound, 

" '  like  dumb  mouths,  did  ope  their  ruby  lips. 
To  beg  the  voice  and  utterance  of  a  tongue. 
Woe  to  the  hands  that  shed  this  costly  blood, 
A  curse  shall  light  upon  their  line.' " 

The  Salem  "Gazette"  of  April  25,  1776,  contains  the  follow- 
ing account  of  the  funeral :  — 

1  Letters  of  Mrs.  Abigail  Adams,  i.  93. 


THE    REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD. 


319 


"A  few  days  after  the  flight  of  the  ministerial  barbarians  from  this 
place,  the  remains  of  our  illustrious  countryman,  Major  General  Warren, 
were  sought  for  on  the  heights  of  Charlestown,  found,  and  brought  to 
town  ;  where  they  were  re-interred,^  on  Monday,  the  8th  instant,  with  as 
great  respect,  honour,  and  solemnity  as  the  state  of  the  town  would 
admit.  The  procession  began  at  the  State  House,  and  consisted  of  a 
detachment  of  the  Continental  forces  ;  a  numerous  body  of  the  Hon. 
Society  of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons  (of  which  Fraternity  the  General 
was  Grand  Master  throughout  North  America)  ;  the  Mourners  ;  a  num- 
ber of  the  members  of  the  Two  Houses  of  the  Hon.  General  Assembly; 
the  Selectmen  and  inhabitants  of  the  town.  The  Pall  was  supported  by 
the  Hon.  General  Ward,  Brigadier  Gen.  Frye,  Doctor  Morgan,  Col. 
Gridley,  the  Hon.  Mr.  Gill,  and  J.  Scolley,  Esq. — The  Corps  was  car- 
ried into  King's  Chapel,  where  the  Rev.  Doctor  Cooper  made  a  very 
pertinent  prayer  on  the  occasion  ;  after  which  Perez  Morton,  Esq.,  pro- 
nounced an  ingenious  and  spirited  oration."^ 

The  house  was  densely  thronged  with  listeners  to  the  oration, 
wherein   (as  a   letter  of  Dr.  Andrew  Eliot  said^)   the  speaker 


1  In  the  Genealogy  of  Warren  (p.  47) 
Dr.  Jolin  Collins  Warren  gives  the  fol- 
lowing account  of  the  disposition  of  his 
uncle's  remains  :  — 

"  After  the  ceremonials  were  completed, 
the  remains  were  deposited  in  the  tomb  of 
George  Richards  Minot,  Esq.,  a  friend  of  the 
family.  In  1S25,  when  the  foundation  of  the 
Bunker  Hill  Monument  was  laid,  it  was 
thought  proper  to  discover,  identify,  and  pre- 
serve them ;  but,  those  who  were  concerned 
in  the  ceremonies  of  1776  having  passed  off 
the  stage,  the  last  place  of  deposit  had  been 
forgotten,  and  was  unknown.  After  a  long 
search,  in  which  the  writer  had  an  oppor- 
tunity of  recognizing  the  relics  of  the  amiable 
though  unfortunate  author  of  the  war,  Major 
Pitcairn,  the  lost  remains  were  discovered 
in  the  Minot  Tomb,  in  the  Granary  Burying- 
ground,  at  the  distance  of  a  few  steps  from 
the  house  of  the  writer.  They  were  recog- 
nized by  the  condition  of  the  eye-tooth  .... 
and  the  mark  of  the  fatal  bullet  behind  the 
left  ear;  were  carefully  collected,  deposited 
in  a  box  of  hard  wood,  designated  by  a  silver 
plate,  and  placed  in  the  Warren  Tomb  in 
St.  Paul's  Church,  Boston." 

Shurtleff  {Description  of  Boston,  p.  251 ) 
says:  "These  honored  relics  have  since 
been  placed  in  an  imperishable  urn,  and 
deposited  [August  3,  1855]  in  a  vault  in 
Forest  Hills  Cemetery,  where,  though 
now  in  their  fourth  place  of  burial,  it  is 
presumed  they  will  remain  beside  those 


of  his   distinguished  brother,   until  the 
last  great  day." 

Loring  {Hundred  Boston  Orators, 
pp.  127-129)  and  Frothingham  (Life  of 
Joseph  Wai-ren,  pp.  517-526)  give  full 
accounts  of  the  identification  of  War- 
ren's body  and  of  the  obsequies,  by 
which  it  appears  that  the  funeral  pro- 
cession proceeded,  at  four  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  from  the  Old  State  House 
(where  the  body,  "in  an  elegant  coffin," 
hafl  lain  in  state)  to  the  Chapel.  It  is 
also  mentioned  that  Judge  Minot's  tomb 
adjoins  that  of  Governor  Hancock,  and 
is  "directly  in  the  rear  of  the  residence 
of  Dr.  John  C.  Warren,"  No.  2  Park 
Street.  It  should  be  noted  that  in  1776 
Judge  Minot  was  an  undergraduate  at 
Harvard,  where  he  took  his  first  degree 
in  1778,  and  that  the  tomb  then  belonged 
to  his  father,  Stephen  Minot  (1711-1787), 
a  Boston  merchant,  of  whose  family  we 
shall  speak  in  the  next  chapter  {post, 
p.  364.) 

■^  There  are  extracts  from  this  Ora- 
tion in  Loring's  Hundred  Boston  Orators 
(p.  129) ;  and  the  full  text  may  be  read 
at  the  end  of  the  volume  of  Fifth  of 
March  Orations,  printed  in  1785  by 
Peter  Edes,  from  whose  pre.ss  the  Re- 
vised Prayer  Book  of  this  Church  issued 
in  that  year. 

3  Ante,  p.  294. 


320 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S   CHAPEL. 


"  publickly  urged  an  intire  disconnection  with  Great  Britain." 
Thus  was  the  church  which  had  been  the  last  place  where 
Loyalty  was  preached,  also  the  first  where  the  impending  birth 
of  the  new  Nation  was  publicly  proclaimed.  After  the  sorrow 
which  had  been  (if  we  may  venture  to  call  it  so)  the  Good 
Friday  of  this  people,  over  the  mortal  part  of  its  most  distin- 
guished victim,  its  triumphant  Easter  was  heralded  at  last. 

Then  the  hospitality  of  this  Church  was  freely  given  for  more 
than  five  years  to  the  Old  South  Church,  by  the  majority  of 
our  proprietors  remaining  here,  —  an  act  of  poetic  reparation 
for  the  wrong  done,  almost  a  hundred  years  before,  to  the 
Old  South  by  Sir  Edmund  Andros.  That  church  and  con- 
gregation worshipped  here,  their  own  house  of  prayer  having 
been  marred  by  its  use  as  a  riding-school  for  the  British  sol- 
diers, and  that  part  of  the  King's  Chapel  congregation  which 
remained  worshipped  with  them.  In  this  pulpit  was  ordained 
at  that  time  one  of  the  ministers  of  the  Old  South,  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Joseph  Eckley. 


OLD   SOUTH    MEETING-HOUSE. 


THE   REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD. 


321 


SUPPLEMENT  TO   CHAPTER   XVIII. 

The  three  following  Lists  of  Proprietors  and  Occupants  of  Pews  in  tlie  Chapel 
in  1775  and  1785  have  been  preserved  in  the  Church  files.  As  they  vary  from  one 
another  in  important  particulars,  it  has  been  thought  proper  to  print  them  all  exactly 
as  they  were  written.^  In  Mr.  Foote's  description  of  the  congregation  as  it  may 
have  appeared  on  the  last  Sunday  before  the  Evacuation  of  Boston  by  the  British 
troops  [ante  p.  316),  he  seats  Lady  Frankland  in  pew  No.  91,  a  gallery  pew  ;  while 
in  two  of  these  Lists  she  is  assigned  to  No.  2,  an  eligible  pew  in  the  broad  aisle. 
No.  2  and  No.  91  were  both  owned  by  the  Church  in  1775.  Li  List  I.  Lady  Frank- 
land  is  "seated,"  that  is,  a  tenant ;  and  in  List  IL  her  arrears  of  rent  of  pew  No.  2 
appear  to  have  been  ;i^2.i7.4,  —  the  same  amount  that  was  then  due  from  Col.  Isaac 
Royall  and  Judge  Eliakim  Hutchinson,  the  Proprietors  of  No.  10  and  No.  23,  re- 
spectively. By  neither  List  does  it  appear  that  No.  91  was  occupied ;  and  it  is 
significant  that  no  other  occupant  of  a  gallery  pew  is  mentioned  in  Mr.  Foote's 
description  already  referred  to.  Unfortunately  his  manuscript  has  not  been  pre- 
served, and  the  paragraph  relating  to  Lady  Frankland  has  been  reprinted  from 
Mr.  Foote's  published  Discourse  in  the  Chapel  on  March  12,  1876,  in  which  a  typo- 
graphical error  may  have  occurred.  In  no  other  way  can  we  account  for  this  dis- 
crepancy of  statement.  In  1754  Sir  Harry  Frankland  owned  pew  No.  20,  but  in 
1775  it  appears  to  have  been  owned  and  occupied  by  Gilbert  Deblois.  It  is  now 
owned  and  occupied  by  Col.  Robert  H.  Stevenson.  —  Editor. 

I. 

LIST   OF   PROPRIETORS,    1775-1785. 

[This  List  is  believed  to  have  been  made  by  Ebenezer  Oliver,  and  to  be  the  one  referred 
to  in  a  footnote  to  List  IIL,  printed  on  pp.  32S,  329,  post.\ 


Proprietors  1775. 


N< 


Page 


Proprietors  1785. 


'  I. 

Barlow  Trecothick 

2. 

Lady  Frankland  seated^ 

175         Eben""  Oliver 

3- 

Henry  Lloyd 

Sam'  Blagge 

4- 

Charles  Paxton 

Perez  Morton 

5- 

Grizzel  Apthorp 

6. 

Sarah  Hawding 

Tho=  Buffinch 

7- 

Docf   Gardner 

Joseph  May 

8. 

ditto 

Isaiah  Doane 

9- 

Isl"-  Wentworth 

William  Deblois 

10. 

Isaac  Royall. 

Herman  Brimmer 

II. 

M"       Knights 

Kirk  Boott 

12. 

Caleb  Blanchard 

13- 

Church 

14. 

d' 

15- 

d'^ 

16. 

d- 

17- 

John  Box,  Jn"" 

John  Homer 

18. 

Lvdia  Box 

19. 

Nath'  Wheatly 

John  Winthrop 

20. 

Gilbert  Deblois 

Joseph   May 

21. 

Archibald  M-^  Neil 

Tho^  Clement 

23- 

Eliakim  Hutchinson 

Ambrose  Vincent 

I  Full  Lists   of  the    Proprietors  are 

'•^  These  three  words  are 

written  in 

intec 

i  on  pp.  585-601, /t'j-/'. 

pencil. 

322 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30- 
31- 
33- 
34- 
35- 
36. 
■hi- 
38. 

39- 

40. 
41. 
45- 
48. 
49. 
50. 
SI- 
.  52- 
53- 
54- 
55- 
56. 

SI- 
58. 

59- 
60. 
61. 
62. 

63- 

64. 
65. 
66. 
67. 
68. 
69. 
70. 

71- 

72. 

73- 
74- 

IS- 

ye. 

77- 
78. 

79- 
80. 
81. 


Grizzel  Apthorp 
James  I  vers 
Rob'  Auchmuty 
John  Powell 
John  Greenleaf 
Shrimpton  Hutchinson 
Rob'  Hallowell 
Church 

32.    State  Pew 
Francis  Johonnot 
William  Read 
James  Gardner 
Ame  &  Eliz^^'  Cummings 
Theodore  Dehone 
The  Clement 
Edward  Stow 
Church 

42.  43.  44.  >  Church 
46.  &  47.    ;  '-^^"'^cn 

Dorothy  Wharton 
Church 

Ambrose  Vincent 
Andrew  Johonnot 
Herman  Brimmer 
James  Dalton 
Jolly  Allen 
Robert  Hewes 
Charles  Miller 
Tho^  Kirk 
John  Moody 
The  Ministers 
Sam'  Fitch 
James  Apthorp 
James  Gordon 
Henry  Leddel 
Sam'  G.  Jarvis 
George  Erving 
Lewis  Deblois 
D''  John  Jeffries 
John  Haskins 
Martha  Harvey 
Joseph  Eayers 
Church 

Gilbert  Deblois 
Levi  Jennings 
Rev'^John  Troutbeck 
James  Apthorp 
John  Vassall 
Doer  Tho=  Bulfinch 
W"  Vassall 
Tho^  Brinley 
Col  Mascarene 
James  Smith 


And"'  Johonnot 
Robert  Hewes 
Simeon  Mayo 
Aaron  Dexter 

Geo.  R.  Minot 


John  Gregory 
Wilham  Turner 
Tho^  Curtis 
John  Amory 
Abr™  Edwards 
John  C.  Jones 


Thomas  Bartlett 
John  Marston 
Charles  Bulfinch 


Stephen  Fales 
Joseph  Otis 
Jacob  Porter 
John  Boit 
John  Templeman 
Nath'  Thayer 


Barney  Smith 

Cha=  Miller 

James  Swan 
Sam'  Breck 


THE   REVOLUTIONARY    PERIOD.  323 

82.    Rich''  Lechmere 


|3- 84;  1  Church 

86. 

Matthew  Nazro 

87 

to  105.    Church 

106. 

Docf  Tho'  Bulfinch 

107. 

Church 

108. 

Cha^  Williams 

109. 

W^  Vassall 

no. 

Church 

III. 

Henry  Hulton 

112. 

Church 

113- 

Church 

N°  II. 

N°  12. 

(f    28). 

28. 

(f  145). 

38. 

(f    33)- 

33- 

(f    50- 

51- 

(f  '55)- 

52. 

(f  167). 

53- 

(f    55)- 

55- 

(f  163). 

56. 

(fi39)- 

69. 

(f  138). 

70. 

(f  159)- 

73- 

(f  142). 

77- 

Proprietors  before  the  War  in  1775,  &  who  continued  proprietors  & 
Worshippers  at  King's  Chapel  after  the  ordination  of  Rev'':  J  Freeman  in 
1787,  viz. 

Mary  Knights 

Caleb  Blanchard 

Shriiii:  Hutchinson 

Tho^  Clement 

Fra:  Johonnot  &  Widow 

And"  Johonnot 

Herman  Brimmer 

P.  R.  Dalton 

Rob'  Hewes 

Ch^  Miller 

Martha  Harvey 

Jos  Eayres 

Levi  Jennings 

Tho'^  Bulfinch. 

[What  follows  is  written  in  pencil.  The  first  two  names  are  very  obscure, 
and,  perhaps,  inaccurately  rendered.] 

80.    Mrs.   Knights 

D.  Forbes     Ja=  Smith 
D.  Wharton 
A.  Vincent 
Ch.  Williams 
Ja^- 1  vers 
]n°-  Haskins 
Grizzel  Apthorp 
Theo.  Dehon 
Matthew  Nazro 
W™  Price's  heirs 
James  Gordon's  heirs 
Sam'  G.  Jarvis 
Jno.  Box 
Lydia  Box 

66  in  1775 

40  Absentees,  about 

about  26  remained  in  1782. 


324 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


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0^2  2  2-a^  o  o  o 

5-0    O   O    lU   rt-r-^-r. 


<ii 


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t;  "tj  t3  —  S 


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t«   en   1/3   (/3 


ki    u    ;~    OJ 

rt   rt   rt  'a   r-   b 

aj  0)  oj  ;>  ff!^  oj 

■^  "^  ~    (U  ' — ."^ 

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_-  ^-  „-    >->  p  ^_ 


a  ri  ri  •^  .  ri 
cu  Q-)  cu  O  *^  cU 
tn  !/i  i/i  IT,  J2i   [fi 


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tn'i-'t'^    On    ^    M    CO 


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—   N   rO  -^  N        VO   tvco   Cs     O      — 


THE    REVOLUTIONARY    PERIOD. 


325 


1^ 


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tn  ^      ^ 

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^  ^  ^  -rt  '^  '"' 

<L>  "O  2  -^   V, 

rt  "o   O  °  5!  =^ 

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r^  r^  t^    ON 

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rj-OM       M         06       •^CO'^ON        "^       VOi-n 
,_    M  —  M  "    ■-  M 


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326 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


I 

CO     I 


10    u 


S   S   ^ 

£  S2 

►TOO 


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S-i 

t«  >^  <u  O  -=  :=: '"' 


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....  i^SSu" 

o  o  JJ^  ^ 


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13  .T3    ■  S  3    * 


I— I    OJ    oj    ^     . .    TO  ^^ 

C  -2  ^  O  -r-  —  O 

^°,pi  a  S  cn  >  S  O  •£  S 


o       b 

no    <U    f^ 


r^  O 

J=    bjo  _ 

-t-t  ■ — •  n: 

CO  a  oo 


a  5? 


;;;  <u  u 


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2         en    bJD 


o  >-  ==^£ 

8  .;2  ^  i  n=  -\..  - 

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"^  ^         M   '^  Cs  ^  '^ 


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c  o 


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THE   REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD. 


327 


-I 


l-H    (U 


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328 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S   CHAPEL. 


III. 


PROPRIETORS   OF   PEWS   IN    1775- 
[It  does  not  appear  when  or  by  whom  this  List  was  made.] 


N°-  I. 

2. 

3- 

A- 
5- 
6. 

7- 

8. 

9- 
lo. 


IS- 
17- 
i8. 
19. 
20. 


Barlow  Trecothick 
The  Church 
Henry  Lloyd 
Charles  Paxton 
Grizzel  Apthorp 
Sarah  Hawding 
Sylvester  Gardner 
Sylvester  Gardner 
Samuel  Wentworth 
Isaac  Royal 
Mary  Knights 
Caleb  Blanchard 

j4-  I  The  Church 

John  Box,  jun 
Lydia  Box 
Nath'-  Wheatly 
Gilbert  Deblois 
Archibald  McNeil 
Grizzel  Apthorp 
Eliakim  Hutchinson 
James  Ivers 
Robert  Auchmuty 
John  Powell 
John  Greenleaf 
Shrimpton  Hutchinson 
Rob'-  Hallowell 
The  Church 
&  32.  State  Pew 
Francis  Johonnot 
William  Read 
James  Gardner 
Ame  &  Eliz  Cummings 
Theodore  Dehone 
Thomas  Clement 
Edward  Stow 
41.  42.^ 

44.  45.  >■  The  Church 
47-  49-) 

Dorothy  Wharton 
Ambrose  Vincent 
Andrew  Johonnot 
Herman  Brimmer  ^ 
James  Dalton 


23- 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30- 
31- 
33- 
34- 
35- 
36. 
37- 
38. 

39' 

40. 

43' 
46, 

48, 

50, 

SI 

52 

53 

1  In  1769.    Herman  Brimmer  bo     N"-  52- 
—  &  on  iS  Decern  1800  his  Adinof  sold  N»    i 


54.  Jolly  Allen 

55.  Robert  Hewes 

56.  Charles  Miller 

57.  Thomas  Kirk 

58.  John  Moody 

59.  The  Minister 

60.  Sam'  Fitch 

61.  James  Apthorp 

62.  James  Gordon 

63.  Henry  Leddel 

64.  Sam'-  G.  Jarvis 

65.  George  Erving 

66.  Lewis  Deblois 

67.  John  Jeffries 

68.  John  Haskins 

69.  Martha  Harvey 

70.  Joseph  Layers 

71.  The  Church 

72.  Gilbert  Deblois 

73.  Levi  Jennings 

74.  Rev'd  Jno.  Troutbeck 

75.  James  Apthorp 

76.  John  Vassal 

yj.  Dr  Tho=-  Bulfinch 

78.  William  Vassal 

79.  Tho^-  Brinley 

80.  Col'  Mascarene 

81.  James  Smith 

82.  Richard  Lechmere 

83.  "4.  "  5.    The  Church. 
86.  Matthew  Nazro 

87  @  105.    The  Church 

106.  Dr  Bulfinch 

107.  The  Church 

108.  Charles  Williams 

109.  William  Vassall 
no.    The  Church 

111.  Henry  Hulton 

112.  The  Church 

113.  The  Church 


-  m  1789  he  bot-  N"   10.    He  died  in  Octo  iSoo 
to  William  Pratt  —  see  Records. 


THE   REVOLUTIONARY   PERIOD. 


329 


IN    1785. 


<i°-    2. 

Ebenezer  Oliver 

34- 

William  Turner 

3- 

Samuel  Blagge 

35- 

Thomas  Curtis 

4- 

Perez  Morton 

36. 

John  Amory 

6. 

Tho^-  Bulfinch 

37- 

Abraham  Edwards 

7- 

Joseph  May 

38. 

John  C.  Jones 

8. 

Isaiah  Doane 

54- 

Tho'-  Bartlet 

9- 

William  Deblois 

55- 

John  Marston 

r--> 

S6. 
61. 

r^harlp*;  T^nlfinrh 

II. 

Kirk  Boott 

Stephen  Fales 

17- 

John  Homer 

62. 

Joseph  Otis 

19- 

John  VVinthrop 

63. 

Jacob  Porter 

52. 

Herman  Brimmer 

64. 

John  Boit 

21. 

Tho'^  Clement 

65. 

John  Templeman 

23- 

Ambrose  Vincent 

66. 

Nath'-  Thayer 

24. 

Andrew  Johonnot 

70. 

Jos  Barren  1 

25. 

Robert  Hewes 

♦      74- 

Henry  N.  Rogers 

26. 

Simeon  Mayo 

76. 

Charles  Miller 

27. 

Aaron  Dexter 

78. 

James  Swan 

28. 

Shrimpton  Hutchinson  ^ 

79- 

Samuel  Breck 

29. 

George  Minot 

12. 

Caleb  Blanchard  1 

33- 

John  Gregory 

[The: 

following  names  are  here  ^ 

written  in  pencil.] 

53- 

P.  R.  Dalton  1 

33- 

Mary  Johonnot  ^ 

Proprietors  before  the  War  in  1775  who  continued  proprietors  &  Worship- 
ers at  King's  Chapel  after  the  Ordination  of  Rev'd  James  Freeman  in 
1787.     viz  : 


N°-  12.    Caleb  Blanchard 
5r — Griaaol  Apthorp 
Q^ — Ambrooo  Vincont 
28.    Shrimpton  Hutchinson 
38.    Tho*^-  Clement 
33.    Mary  Johonnot 
48.    Dorothy  Wharton 
51.    And- Johonnot 


52. 
53- 
55- 
56. 
69. 
70. 
73- 
77- 


Herman  Brimmer 
Peter  R  Dalton 
Robert  Hewes 
Cha^-  Miller 
Martha  Harvey 
Jos:  Eayres 
Levi  Jennings 
Tho^  Bulfinch. 


[The  following  names  are  here  written  in  pencil] 
M''^-  Mascarene 
M"^^-  Knights 
Jno.  W.  Wheelwright 

1  Names  omitted  in  the  List  made  by  M'-  Oliver, 


CHAPTER    XIX. 

THE    INTERREGNUM. 

AFTER  the  departure  of  Dr. 
Caner  and  the  Loyalist  portion 
of  his  flock  in  the  British  fleet, 
whose  white,  vanishing  sails 
were  watched  from  every  stee- 
ple and  hill-top  by  joyful  mul- 
titudes, silence  fell  for  a  time  on 
the  Chapel,  which  suddenly 
ceased  to  be  popularly  known 
by  the  dangerous  surname  of 
"  King's."  As  we  have  already 
seen,  that  most  noteworthy 
event,  the  funeral  of  General 
Warren,  who  had  fallen  on 
Bunker  Hill,  was  celebrated 
here,  with  the  oration  by  Mr. 
Perez  Morton,  who  dared  to 
speak  from  this  pulpit  the 
word  never  heard  from  Dr. 
Caner's  lips,  "  Independence." 
But  after  that  rite  —  which 
may  be  entitled  the  compur- 
gation of  the  Church  from 
political  heresy  —  these  doors  were  closed.  Not,  however,  be- 
cause there  were  no  parishioners  left;  on  the  contrary,  more 
than  half  of  the  old  congregation  remained,  and  showed  by 
doing  so  that  they  were  on  the  patriotic  side,  notwithstanding 
their  affiliations.^  We  do  not  propose  to  give  the  same  sort 
of  biographical  notice  of  their  lives,  happily  less  eventful,  that 
has  been  given  regarding  those  of  the  refugees  from  this  con- 

1  Of  seventy-three  pews,  thirty  were     those    of   the    Patriotic,    or    American, 

occupied  by  Loyalists  and  forty-three  by     party. 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  33  I 

gregation ;  but  the  present  narrative  may  well  record  their 
names,  which  will  revive  among  many  now  living  grateful  family 
traditions. 

Prior  to  the  evacuation  by  the  British,  pews  were  occupied 
by  the  following  persons,  who  did  not  depart :  — 

In  iJie  Broad  Aisle. 

No.  5,  running  through  to  22  on  south  aisle,  Grizzel  Apthorp  ;  No.  6, 
Sarah  Hawding ;  No.  9,  Samuel  Wentworth  ;  No.  11,  Mary  Knights; 
No.  12,  Caleb  Blanchard ;  No.  73,  Levi  Jennings;  No.  75,  James 
Apthorp;  No.  77,  Dr.  Thomas  Bulfinch ;  No.  80,  Colonel  Mascarene. 

In  the  South  Aisle. 

No.  17,  John  Box,  Jr. ;  No.  18,  Lydia  Box  ;  No.  19,  Nathaniel  Wheatly  ; 
No.  24,  James  I  vers ;  No.  27,  John  Greenleaf;  No.  28,  Shrimpton 
Hutchinson;  No.  34,  WiUiam  Read;  No.  35,  James  Gardner;  No.  37, 
Theodore  Dehone  ;  No,  t^^,  Thomas  Clement. 

In  the  North  Aisle. 

No.  48,  Dorothy  Wharton  ;  No.  51,  Andrew  Johonnot;  No.  52, 
Herman  Brimmer;  No.  53,  James  Dal  ton  ;  No.  55,  Robert  Hewes  ; 
No.  56,  Chades  Miller  ;  No.  62,  James  Gordon  ;  No.  63,  Henry  Leddel ; 
No.  64,  Samuel  G.  Jarvis;  No.  69,  Martha  Harvey;  No.  70,  Joseph 
Eayers. 

In  the  North  Gallery. 
No.  86,  Matthew  Nazro. 

In  the  South  Gallery. 

No.  106,  Dr.  Thomas  Bulfinch;  No.  loS,  Charles  Williams  ;  No.  in, 
Henry  Hulton. 

Most  of  the  pews  in  both  galleries  had  been  owned  before 
the  Revolution  by  the  Church.  Indeed,  it  was  not  until  long 
after  this  time  —  it  was  in  Mr.  Greenwood's  ministry — that  the 
north  gallery  pews  were  sold. 

A  congregation,  then,  still  remained ;  and  the  church  was 
here,  unchanged  save  in  one  particular.  The  gilt  mitres  and 
crown  which  used  to  surmount  the  organ,  typifying  the  relation 
of  the  Chapel  to  the  Bishop  of  London  and  the  King  of  Eng- 
land, were  quietly  removed.  It  was  unsafe  to  irritate  the  mob, 
who  liked  neither  episcopacy  nor  royalty.     King  Street  became 


332  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

State  Street,  Queen  Street  became  Court  Street,  and  the  appen- 
dages to  our  organ  took  refuge  in  the  garret  of  a  member  of 
the  Society.  They  were  subsequently  restored  to  Dr.  Green- 
wood, and  were  kept  in  his  study;  later,  they  were  deposited 
in  the  vestry  of  the  church  ;  and,  after  the  extensive  repairs  in 
the  summer  of  1867,  they  resumed  their  ancient  place  on  the 
organ,  where  they  are  interesting  as  curious  relics  of  an  almost 
forgotten  past.^  But  though  the  church  was  here,  and  people 
enough  to  worship,  where  was  the  minister  to  come  from?  Dr. 
Caner  and  Mr.  Troutbeck  were  not  exceptions  among  the 
American  clergy  of  the  Church  of  England.  Almost  to  a  man, 
they  were  Loyalists.  After  Dr.  Warren's  obsequies,  the  church 
appears  to  have  remained  closed  for  more  than  a  year.  The 
members  of  the  parish  who  remained  in  Boston  attended  wor- 
ship at  Trinity  Church,  the  only  Episcopal  Church  provided 
with  a  minister;  some  of  them  bought  pews  there,  and  never 
returned  to  King's  Chapel  after  it  was  reopened. 

When  the  church  was  again  opened  for  worship  in  Septem- 
ber, 1777,  it  was  not  for  its  wonted  form  of  service,  but  for  that 
which  Dr.  Caner  would  perhaps  have  deemed  a  profanation, — 
the  Congregational  service  ;  and  that,  too,  for  a  congregation 
that  had  peculiarly  suffered  at  the  hands  of  the  British  troops. 
"The  Old  South"  had  undergone  a  sort  of  punishment  for  the 
patriotic  uses  to  which  that  meeting-house  had  been  put  for 
orations  on  the  Fifth  of  March  and  other  occasions,  so  that  it  had 
divided  with  Faneuil  Hall  the  distinction  of  being  the  "  Cradle  of 
American  Liberty."  "  The  parsonage  house  on  Marlborough 
Street,  formerly  the  mansion  of  Governor  Winthrop,'"^  was  demol- 
ished for  firewood.  The  meeting-house  was  turned  into  a  riding- 
school  for  Burgoyne's  regiment  of  cavalry;  the  pulpit  and  pews 
and  all  the  inside  structures  were  taken  out  and  burnt  for  fuel, 
except  the  sounding-board  and  east  galleries,  the  latter  of  which 
were  left  for  the  accommodation  of  spectators ;  and  in  the  first 
gallery  a  place  was  fitted  up  where  liquor  and  refreshments 
were  furnished  to  those  who  came  to  witness  the  feats  of  horse- 
manship exhibited.  Many  hundred  loads  of  dirt  and  gravel 
were  carted  in  and  spread  upon  the  floor.  The  south  door 
was  closed  ;  and  a  bar  was  fixed,  over  which  the  cavalry  were 
taught  to  leap  their  horses  at  full  speed.     In  the  winter  a  stove 

1  They  can  be  seen  in  the  cut  on  Mr.  Frederick  Lewis  Gay,  read  at  the 
p.  128,  ante.  April,    1895,  meeting   of  The    Colonial 

2  Concerning  Governor  Winthrop's  Society  of  Massachusetts,  and  printed 
two   mansion-houses,    see    a    paper    by  in  Volume  IIL  of  its  Publications. 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  333 

was  put  up,  in  which  were  burnt  for  kindhng  many  of  the 
books  and  manuscripts  from  Mr.  Prince's  '  invaluable  New 
England  library,'  then  deposited  in  the  tower  of  the  Old  South 
Church." 

Mr.  Hunt,  the  minister  of  the  Old  South,  had  meantime  died 
at  Northampton,  during  the  Siege  of  Boston,  and  most  of  the 
members  of  that  congregation  had  been  scattered  in  the  country. 
They  came  slowly  together  again  after  the  evacuation  of  Boston, 
and  applied  to  Mr.  Joseph  Eckley,  "  a  licentiate  of  a  Presbytery 
in  New  Jersey,  to  preach  as  a  supply,"  and  to  the  remaining  pro- 
prietors of  King's  Chapel  "  for  the  use  of  their  House,"  which 
was  readily  granted.  Here,  then,  the  Old  South  was  "  kindly 
and  gratuitously  accommodated  for  about  five  years."  ^  Dr. 
Greenwood  well  says,  in  his  History  of  King's  Chapel :  — 

"Their  reception  .  .  ,  appears  in  the  light  of  an  atonement  made  by 
the  successors  of  those  Episcopalians  who,  nearly  a  century  before,  took 
forcible  possession  of  the  South  Meeting-House.  The  event  could  not 
have  been  more  happy  and  pleasant  to  contemplate  if  it  had  been  devised 
and  arranged  on  purpose.  Well  would  it  be,  if  all  tlie  wrongs  committed 
by  parents  could  thus  be  expiated  by  the  children." 

While  the  Old  South  Church  held  its  services  here,  the  fol- 
lowing important  ecclesiastical  action  was  taken:  — 

"July  19,  177S,  the  church  &  congregation  voted  to  observe  a  day  of 
prayer  &  humiliation  before  God,  on  account  of  the  very  affecting  dis- 
pensations of  his  providence  towards  them,  particularly  in  the  death  of 
their  late  worthy  pastor,  the  Rev.  M'-  John  Hunt,  whereby  they  were  left 
as  sheep  without  a  shepherd,  &  in  the  destruction  of  the  beautiful  build- 
ing where  they  used  statedly  to  meet  for  the  worship  of  God,  by  those 
wicked  &  unreasonable  men,  the  British  troops;  &  to  present  their  sup- 
plications before  their  God  that  he  would  be  pleased  to  lead  &  direct 
them  to  the  choice  of  an  able,  faithful  &  successful  minister  of  the  New 
Testament,  &  in  his  own  time  &  way,  set  him  over  them." 

^  See  Mr.  Hamilton  A.  Hill's  exhaus-  ter   addressed   to   Dr.    Pulfinch  :    "The 

tive  history  of  the  Old   South  Church  vote  of  the  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel 

in    Boston  for  an  account  of  the  occu-  was   laid    before    the    members    of  the 

pancy   by   its    congregation    of    King's  Old  South  Church,  &   their  unanimous 

Chapel  during  the   interregnum.     This  determination  relating   to   our   meeting 

continued  for  five  years,  three  and  a  half  in  said  Chapel  was  received  gratefully, 

months  (from  November  9, 1777,  to  Feb-  Care  will  be  taken  that  no  damage  shall 

ruary    23,    17S3),   excepting    about    six  be   done  to  the   House ;  if  any  should 

months,  when  that  congregation  met  for  happen  it  shall  be  repaired,  &  tlieir  time 

worship  in  the  Representatives'  Cham-  of  meeting  shall  not  Interfere  with  the 

ber    in    the    Old    State    House.      The  Services  of  the  Church.     Boston,  Sept' 

following  record  is  preserved  in   a  let-  ii'^,  1777.     John  ?>coW:\y,  fcr  order." 


334  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Mr.  Joseph  Eckley  had  been  preaching  for  them  through  the 
winter  and  spring;  and,  having  been  called  to  be  their  minister, 
he  was  here  ordained  minister  of  the  Old  South  Church,  Oct.  27, 
1779,  when  "the  Old  Church,  the  North  Church,  the  Brattle 
Street,  the  New  North,  the  New  South,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Mather's, 
Hollis  Street,  and  the  Church  at  Roxbury "  assembled  here 
in  council  for  ordination, — the  only  time  that  the  Congrega- 
tional method  has  ever  been  used  within  these  walls. 

In  1 78 1,  it  was  for  a  time  hoped  that  the  Society  of  King's 
Chapel  would  be  able  to  resume  its  services,  and  the  wardens 
seem  to  have  notified  the  Old  South  people  to  that  effect,  in 
consequence  of  which  that  Society  removed  for  a  time  to  the 
Representatives'  Chamber  in  the  Old  State  House.  The  war- 
dens, however,  finding  that  it  would  "  not  be  in  their  power  to 
open  the  church  so  soon  as  they  expected,"  invited  the  Old 
South  back  again.  In  July,  1782,  it  being  again  expected  that 
the  proprietors  of  King's  Chapel  would  be  able  to  resume  its 
occupancy,  the  Old  South  Church  and  Congregation  voted  to 
repair  their  meeting-house ;  and  this,  having  been  repaired,  was 
re-dedicated  in  presence  of  an  immense  assembly  on  the  Lord's 
day,  March  2,  1783,  the  choir  singing  an  anthem,  composed 
by  William  Selby,  organist  of  King's  Chapel,  to  the  following 
words:  — 

"The  Lord  .  .  .  hath  raised  up  the  tabernacle  of  David  that  was 
fall'n;  he  hath  closed  up  the  breaches  thereof;  he  hath  raised  up  the 
ruins  ;  he  hath  built  it  as  in  the  days  of  old,  and  caused  his  people  to 
rejoice  therein.     Praise  the  Lord,"  etc. 

A  courteous  interchange  of  letters  between  the  committee  of  the 
Old  South  and  the  wardens  of  King's  Chapel  marked  the  close 
of  this  hospitable  and  fraternal  relation  :  — 

"  To  the  Wardens  of  the  Stone  Chapel,  to  be  communicated  : 
"The  South  Society  most  respectfully  present  their  regards  to  the 
Wardens  &  Proprietors  of  the  Stone  Chapel,  and  Do  kindly  thank  them 
for  the  use  of  the  Chapel  for  so  long  time  ;  and  would  inform  them  that, 
as  the  south  meeting  House  is  now  repaired,  they  purpose,  by  the  leave 
of  Providence,  to  attend  divine  worship  there  the  first  Sabbath  in  March. 
The  Wardens'  and  Proprietors'  most  oblidged  Humble  Servants, 

"David  JeffriEvS." 

"  To  the  Committee  of  the  South  Society,  to  be  communicated. 
"  The  Wardens  of  the  Chapel  return  their  most  respectfull  Regards  to 
the  Committee  of  Proprietors  of  the  South  Society  —  have  received  their 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  335 

favor  of  the  19  Feb'y  &  laid  it  before  the  Parish,  are  desired  in  their 
Name  to  assure  them  that  they  esteem  themselves  happy  in  having  had 
it  in  their  power  to  accommodate  them  with  a  place  of  Worship,  agree- 
able to  their  liking,  when  they  had  been  so  wantonly  &  cruely  deprived 
of  their  own  —  That  they  rejoice  with  them  in  being  so  amicably  rein- 
stated in  their  former  place  of  worship,  &  shall  always  feel  themselves 
happy  if  Providence  should  put  it  in  their  Power  to  promote  the  Pros- 
perity of  their  Church.  With  Earnest  Prayers  to  the  great  Head  of  the 
Church  that  their  Society  may  be  abundantly  water'd  with  divine  Influ- 
ence &  built  up  on  our  most  holy  Faith,  They  Subscribe  themselves  in 
behalf  of  the  Proprietors  of  the  Church,  Gentlemen  —  Your  most  obed'  & 
very  humble  Servts 

"  Thomas  Bulfinch, 

"James  Ivers, 

"Wardens.         March  i,  1783." 

King's  Chapel  was  a  peculiar  monument  of  the  system  in  State 
and  Church  which  the  Revolution  had  overthrown.  It  had  been 
founded  in  those  dark  days  for  this  colony,  the  reign  of  Charles 
II.,  when  Randolph  was  plotting  to  annul  our  ancient  charter ; 
but  it  had  been  a  refuge  for  very  different  men  from  Randolph 
and  Andros, —  for  good  and  sincere  worshippers,  who  found 
in  it  an  escape  from  the  rigors  of  Puritanism.  From  the  little 
upper  room  in  the  Old  Town  House,  and  from  Andros's  usur- 
pation of  the  enforced  hospitality  of  the  South  Church,  they 
came  in  1689  to  this  spot,  where  the  little  wooden  building 
remained  a  standing  protest  in  favor  of  at  least  some  degree  of 
freedom  in  worshipping  God,  till  after  sixty-five  years  it  was 
replaced  by  the  present  nobler  structure.  To  the  men  of  middle 
age  one  hundred  years  ago,  the  building  of  the  present  church 
—  then  the  stateliest  edifice  in  New  England,  if  not  in  British 
America  —  was  as  recent  an  event  as  the  death  of  Mr.  Webster 
is  to  us.  Here  now,  for  near  a  century  and  a  half,  the  wor- 
shipping congregations  have  gone  in  and  out;  and  through  all 
the  changes  of  religious  and  political  life  that  have  passed  over 
the  land,  these  solid  walls  have  been  a  refuge  for  prayer.  They 
saw  the  troops  march  away  to  the  old  French  war;  the  great 
storm  of  the  Revolution  beat  upon  the  church,  and  for  a  time 
silenced  its  familiar  responses  and  chants  as  they  gave  place  to 
the  prayers  of  the  Old  South  Church.  Then  came  the  second 
war  with  England,  so  grievous  to  most  of  this  people;  and 
here  a  multitude  gathered  to  a  solemn  service  of  thanks- 
giving for  the  fall  of  Napoleon.  We  ourselves  have  seen 
how  these  doors    have  opened  to  thronging  multitudes  when 


336  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

war  darkened  the  land,  and  when  treason  had  struck  down  our 
rulers. 

But  of  all  the  picturesque  contrasts  in  our  annals,  none  is 
more  striking  than  that  between  the  last  services  under  the 
older  dispensation  and  the  new  era  which  began  with  James 
Freeman.  The  shadows  of  that  past  come  back  as  we  gaze 
into  its  mists.  We  see  again  the  Royal  Governor  in  his  pew  of 
state,  hung  with  red  curtains  and  raised  several  steps  above  the 
floor,  as  it  stood  under  the  south  gallery;  we  recall  the  British 
officers  of  army  and  navy  crowding  here  as  honored  guests ;  we 
hear  the  familiar  prayers  for  King  and  Queen  and  royal  family  re- 
peated by  loyal  lips.  The  Church  as  it  was  seemed  to  be  in  some 
sense  a  part  of  the  majesty  of  England.  Then  the  sky  lowers 
more  and  more,  as  the  blind  and  senseless  oppressions  of  the 
British  ministry  change  a  loyal  colony  to  a  people  in  rebellion. 
For  a  time  the  church  brightens  more  and  more  with  the  uni- 
forms of  the  King's  troops,  as  the  town  is  changed  into  a  gar- 
rison;  till,  on  a  March  Sunday  in  1776,  they  hurriedly  depart, 
never  to  return ;  and  the  dutiful  prayers  vanish,  to  become  a 
dim  vision  of  the  ancient  world,  so  different  from  ours.  A  large 
part  of  the  congregation  went  also ;  and  at  their  head  went  their 
aged  rector,  whose  pride  and  life-work  had  been  with  unwearied 
pains  to  ensure  the  erection  of  the  noble  structure  to  which 
he  bade  farewell  as  he  followed  his  convictions  of  duty  to  his 
King.^  But  the  Divine  Providence  had  other  designs  than 
Dr.  Caner  knew ;  nor  was  he  the  only  man  who  has  not  been 
fully  taken  into  those  inscrutable  counsels.  As  Mr.  Freeman 
tells  us,2  — 

"There  are  Christians  of  various  denominations  in  this  place.  The 
Congregational  Churches  (as  they  are  usually  called)  form  the  greatest 
number.  Besides  these,  there  are  three  Episcopal  societies,  Two  Ana- 
baptist, One  Presbyterian,  a  society  of  Friends,  the  remains  of  a  church 
formerly  collected  by  Mr.  Sandeman,  and  a  number  of  persons  who 
adopt  the  religious  sentiment  of  Mr.  Relly.  All  these  various  persuasions 
live  together  in  the  greatest  harmony.  A  striking  proof  of  the  candour  & 
liberality  of  the  present  age." 

Of  the  structures  occupied  by  these  seventeen  churches,  six 
were  of  brick  and  ten  of  wood.  King's  Chapel  being  the  only 
one  of  stone,  —  as  it  was  probably,  indeed,  the  only  church 
edifice  of  stone  in  all  the  United  States ! 

1  See  his  letter,  ante,  p.  305. 

2  In  the  "  rare  pamphlet "  referred  to  in  the  footnote  on  page  340,  post. 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  337 

In  moulding  this  church  for  its  work  in  the  new  and  greater 
Boston  which  was  to  rise  upon  the  foundation  of  the  old,  the 
young  man  who  came  here  one  hundred  years  ago  was  to  play 
a  great  part.  One  of  the  most  interesting  episodes  in  the  eccle- 
siastical history  of 
New  England  is  .,//<^J^  / 
that  which  took  ^V  ^^-C^ft^  -= 
place  here  at  the 
close  of  the  Revo- 
lut  io  nary  War. 
The  whole  chap- 
ter is  closely  as- 
sociated with  the 

name,    and  bears  ^^^<:x^o<^'i^e^<i 

the  enduring  im- 
press of  the  char- 
acter, of  James  Freeman,  the  minister  of  this  congregation  for 
fifty-two  years,  and  the  leader  in  the  theological  change  which 
altered  the  liturgy  and  doctrine  of  this  ancient  Church  from 
that  of  the  Church  of  England  to  the  non-Trinitarian  form  which 
it  has  ever  since  retained. 

At  this  period,  when  the  parish  was  still  in  a  somewhat  dis- 
organized condition,  no  regular  records  appear  to  have  been 
kept.  It  had,  however,  evidently  been  determined,  as  early  as 
1 78 1,  to  resume  regular  liturgical  worship  here,  as  is  evident 
from  a  notification  to  the  Old  South  Society  to  that  effect. 
What  it  was  that  changed  their  purpose  until  their  later  arrange- 
ment with  Mr.  James  Freeman  we  are  left  largely  to  con- 
jecture. A  letter,  however,  has  been  placed  in  my  hands  by  a 
descendant  of  the  gentleman  to  whom  it  was  addressed,  which 
may  help  to  solve  the  enigma.  It  is  addressed  to  Mr.  Thomas 
Fitch  Oliver,  of  Salem,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  College  in  1775, — 
at  that  time  a  lay  reader,  and  subsequently  a  clergyman,  of  the 
Episcopal  Church, — and  is  as  follows:  — 

Boston  April  26.  1781 
My  dear  friend 

I  am  desired  by  Dr  Bulfinch  (the  agent  and  representative  of  the  pro- 
prietors of  Kings  Chapel)  to  request  you  to  come  to  Boston  immediately 
that  some  final  agreement  may  be  made  between  you  and  him,  in  his 
said  capacity,  respecting  the  matter  which  has  been  so  long  in  agitation. 
You  will  be  examined,  or  rather  inquired  of,  respecting  your  belief  in  the 
various  systems  advanced  by  Calvin,  Arius,  etc.,  and  it  may  be  rather 
necessary  to  inform  you  what  they  believe,  which  is  Calvinism  a  little 
VOL.  n. — 22 


338 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


tempered,  —  as  I  suppose  the  various  systems  of  faith  are  equally  unim- 
portant to  that  mind  which  has  truth  alone  for  its  object  —  I  should  wish 
you  to  come  as  soon  as  possible. 

Your  friend,  etc., 

J.    HUGH.I 
Thomas  F.  Oliver  Esq. 

of  Salem. 


^  As  we  have  been  unable  to  get  per- 
mission to  see  the  original  of  this  in- 
teresting and  important  document,  it  is 
impossible  to  determine  whether  or  not 
an  error  was  made  in  copying  the  signa- 
ture to  it,  as  is  strongly  suspected.  The 
name  of  "  J.  Hugh "  does  not  appear 
upon  the  Boston  Tax  Lists  in  1780  or 
1781,  nor  is  it  to  be  found  at  that  date 
upon  the  Registers  of  King's  Chapel, 
Trinity  Church,  or  Christ  Church,  or  in 
the  Suffolk  Registries  of  Deeds  or  of 
Probate. 

It  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  the 
writer  of  the  letter  was  a  friend  of  Mr. 
Oliver,  an  Episcopalian,  and  a  person 
having  affiliations  with  King's  Chapel. 
The  Harvard  Quinquennial  Catalogue 
shows  us  that  the  following  named  gen- 
tlemen graduated  in  the  years  prefixed 
to  their  names  :  — 

1768  John  Cofifin  Jones. 

1769  Thomas  Kast. 
James  Winthrop. 

1772   William  Eustis. 

1775  Thomas  Fitch  Oliver. 

1776  Aaron  Dexter. 
Christopher  Gore. 

1777  James  Freeman. 

177S  George  Richards  Minot. 

1750  James  Hughes. 

1751  Charles  Bulfinch. 
17S3  Harrison  Gray  Otis. 
17S6  John  Lowell. 

1792   William  Sullivan. 

1795  Francis  Johonnot  Oliver. 

1796  James  Jackson. 

Charles  Pinckney  Sumner. 
William  Tudor. 
iSoi   Robert  Hallowell  Gardiner. 

All   of  these   men   were  affiliated  with 
King's  Chapel. 

The  Boston  Tax  List  for  1780  bears 
the  names  of  the  "  Widow  Hughes  "  and 
James  Hughes,  both  residents  of  Ward 
9,  who,  undoubtedly,  were  the  widow 
and  youngest  son  of  Samuel  Hughes, 
merchant,  whose  burial,  at  the  age  of  52, 


is  recorded  in  the  Trinity  Church  Regis- 
ters, May  20,  1768.  This  record  makes 
it  certain  that  Sabine  [Americaii  Loyal- 
ists, i.  553)  has  confounded  the  father 
with  his  son  of  the  same  name,  who  was 
baptized  at  Trinity,  Oct.  30,  1748,  and 
whose  brother,  Peter  Hughes,  born  in 
Boston,  Dec.  26,  1746,  is  probably  the 
person  referred  to  by  Sabine  in  the  same 
work  (ii.  533)  among  the  "  Fragments." 

Mrs.  Hughes  was  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Stephen  Boutineau,  the  "only  sur- 
viving Elder  "  of  the  French  Protestant 
Church  in  School  Street.  Her  sister 
Mary  was  married  to  Edward  Dumaresq 
(see  post,  p.  363),  Feb.  5,  1743,  by  Rev. 
Andre  Le  Mercier  of  the  French  Church. 
Her  brother,  James  Boutineau,  attorney- 
at-law,  married  Peter  Faneuil's  sister 
Susannah ;  was  counsel  for  his  son-in- 
law,  John  Robinson,  in  the  suit  brought 
against  him  for  assault  by  James  Otis  in 
1772;  was  one  of  the  ten  Mandamus 
Counsellors  in  1774  who  were  sworn; 
fled  to  England  with  the  Loyalists  in 
1776,  lived  in  Bristol,  and  died  before 
Feb.  20,  1784.  His  widow,  while  in 
Bristol,  was  in  correspondence  with  her 
nephews  in  Boston  —  Edward  Jones,  son 
of  John  and  Mary  Ann  (Faneuil)  Jones, 
and  James  Hughes  (H.  C.  17S0) — re- 
specting her  estates  In  America,  in  1784 
and  1785  (Sabine's  American  Loyalists, 
i.  241-243).  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Hughes  died 
July  13,  1795,  ^t  the  age  of  79,  leaving 
her  estate  equally  to  her  son  James  (to 
whom  she  left,  besides  silver,  "all  the 
family  portraits"),  her  daughter  Ann, 
and  the  two  children  of  her  late  daughter 
Mary,  who  had  married  Harrison  Gray, 
Jr.,  Oct.  12,  1769. 

James  Hughes  was  baptized  Nov.  4, 
1759,  at  Trinity  Church,  with  which  the 
families  of  Boutineau  and  Hughes  ap- 
pear to  have  connected  themselves  after 
the  dispersion  of  the  French  Church, 
about  1748.  During  his  four  years  resi- 
dence at  Cambridge,  Dr.  James  Free- 


THE   INTERREGNUM.  339 

No  record  probably  exists  of  Mr.  Oliver's  Mnterview  with  the 
wardens,  or  of  the  reasons  why  this  negotiation  proceeded  no 
further.  It  is  perhaps  not  unlikely  that  the  "  Calvinism  a  little 
tempered  "  then  believed  here  did  not  accord  sufficiently  with 
his  more  orthodox  faith.  In  the  summer  of  1782  the  proprie- 
tors definitely  resolved  to  reoccupy  the  church  for  their  own 
worship ;  and  the  settlement  of  Mr.  Freeman  as  reader  and  as 
rector  followed  thereafter,  with  very  important  results  in  the 
history  of  the  Church. 

We  have  now  arrived  at  a  sort  of  station  on  our  historical 
journey,  where  it  is  well  to  pause  for  a  time  and  take  a  brief 
glance  at  the  little  town  (for  such  it  was)  in  which  King's  Chapel 
stood. 

Boston  had  lost  considerably  in  population  during  the  forty 
years  since  1742.  In  that  year  it  had  16,382;  in  1784,  only 
14,640.  The  difference  in  adult  male  population  was  still  more 
surprising:  in  1738,  there  were  3,395  ;  in  1784,  only  1,141.  This 
is  explained,  first,  by  the  drain  of  the  great  expedition  against 
Louisburg,  in  1745,  largely  fitted  out  here,  and  by  the  whole  cost 
of  the  old  French  war,  "  for  the  support  of  which,  at  one  time, 
its  real  estate  was  taxed  to  the  amount  of  two  thirds  its  value." 
Then  came  the  Boston  Port  Bill,  the  troubles  before  the  Revo- 
lution, the  Siege  and  the  Evacuation,  carrying  off  probably  not 
far  from  two  thousand  Loyalist  inhabitants  ;  and  then  seven  years 

man,  Judge  Minot,  and  Charles  Bulfinch  Church,  —  whose  second  wife  was  Anne 

(son  of  the  Warden  at  whose  request  the  Faneuil,  a  sister  of   Susannah   Faneuil 

letter  to  Mr.  Oliver  was  written)  were  who  had  married  Mr.  Hughes's  maternal 

also  there  as  undergraduates.     The  Rev.  uncle,    James    Boutineau.      The    Burial 

Thomas    Fitch    Oliver,  it   is   true,   had  Register  of  Trinity  Church  contains  this 

graduated     the     year     before     Hughes  entry :"  1799  June  21.     James  Hughes, 

entered   College,   but   it   is    highly   im-  Esq.,  41."     Administration  was  granted 

probable  that  they  were  unacquainted,  on  his  estate,  July  9,  1799;  and  the  In- 

Oliver   was   a    son   of    Judge    Andrew  ventory  includes  "  1/3  of  a  pew  in  Trinity 

Oliver    (1731-1799)    and    grandson    of  Church." 

Lieut.-Gov.  Andrew  Oliver  (1707-1774),  The  facts  here  presented  appear  to 

whose  official  relations  with  members  of  us  to  afford  cogent  reasons  for  believing 

Mr.    Hughes's    family    and    prominent  that  the    author   of   this  letter  was  the 

members    of  the   Chapel   congregation,  Harvard   graduate   of  1780.      Cf.   ante, 

at  a  period  when  social  and  official  rank  i.  480-481  ;  Sargent's  Dealings  'cvith  the 

were   so   closely   allied,   furnish    strong  Dead,  ii.  passim  ;    Charles   C.   Smith's 

ground  for  believing  that  James  Hughes,  "The   French   Protestants   in    Boston" 

in    writing    to    Mr.   Oliver,   would    have  in  Afemorial  History  of  Bostott,   ii.    249 

addressed    him   as   "My   dear    friend."  et  seq.  ;  Suffolk   Probate  Files,  Nos.  20. 

It  should  also  be  remembered  that  Mr.  444,   21.063;    Suffolk    Deeds;    Trinity 

Hughes  was  connected  by  marriage  with  Church  and  King's   Chapel    Registers  ; 

a  former   assistant   minister   of   King's  and   Boston  Records  of  Marriages  and 

Chapel,  the  Rev.  Addington  Davenport,  Marriage  Intentions.  —  Editor. 
—  afterwards  the  first  Rector  of  Trinity  1  See  p.  393, /c^j-/. 


340  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

of  war,  with  business  prostrate,  and  the  men  employed,  many  of 
them  never  to  return,  in  warfare  by  land  and  sea.  From  a  con- 
temporary description  we  copy  the  following:  — 

"  Many  of  the  Dwelling  Houses  are  built  of  brick,  but  the  largest  part 
are  of  wood.  They  are  in  general  three  stories  in  height.  Their  quality 
is  various  :  some  of  them  are  elegant,  &  others  make  but  an  indifferent 
appearance.  Upon  the  whole,  however,  Boston,  notwithstanding  the 
crookedness  of  its  Streets,  &  the  irregularity  of  its  Buildings  (for  two 
contiguous  Houses  are  seldom  found  of  the  same  height)  does  not  strike 
the  eye  disagreeably.  .  .  .  The  principal  manufactures  are  Rum,  Loaf- 
sugar,  Cordage,  Spermaceti  Candles,  and  Fotash.''''  -^ 

What  a  contrast  between  the  little,  quiet,  picturesque  town, 
with  its  quaint  buildings  and  open  spaces  and  gardens  and  free 
hill-tops,  and  this  compact  and  stately  city,  stretching  solidly 
over  what  were  then  marshes  and  berry-pastures,  and  housing 
over  half  a  million  souls  !  What  a  contrast  between  those  few 
poor  and  scanty  industries  of  the  town,  still  weakened  by  its 
Revolutionary  exhaustion,  and  the  multiplied  hive  of  industries 
of  to-day ! 

The  comparison  is  not  less  interesting  between  its  ecclesiasti- 
cal condition  then  and  now.  The  following  scanty  list  shows  us 
what  was  the  state  of  things  in  1784:  — 

Churches.]  First  Church  in  Cornhill,^  founded  1630,  is  three  stories 
in  height,  built  of  brick,  with  a  light  handsome  steeple,  supported  by  the 
roof.  The  upper  galleries  have  been  lately  taken  down,  and,  above  the 
second  range  of  windows  a  Corinthian  cornice  given,  which  supports  four 
arches,  which  from  each  side  of  the  walls,  terminate  in  an  oblong  square 
in  the  centre.  The  lower  galleries  are  supported  by  pillars  of  the  Tuscan 
order.     In  this  church  there  is  a  clock. 

Second,  or  North  Church,  in  North  Square,  founded  1650,  was  wholly 
destroyed  by  the  British  troops  in  1775.  The  members  are  now  united 
with  the  New  Brick  Church  in  Middle  [now  Hanover]  Street.  This 
Church  stands  upon  a  rising  ground,  has  a  decent  steeple  and  a  clock. 

Antipaedobaptist  Church  in  Backstreet  [now  Salem  Street]  was  founded 
1665,  and  handsomely  rebuilt  in  1771. 

1  Taken  from  a  very  rare  pamphlet  &  Geography,"  and  states  (page  6)  "  17 18 

in  the  library  of  the  Massachusetts  His-  houses  in  Boston."     A  manuscript  note 

torical  Society  (published  Sept.  i,  17S4,  states,  "No.  of  houses  July,  1789,  taken 

and  probably  written  by  Mr.  Freeman,  by  actual  enumeration — 2235." 
as  its  authors'  names  are  indicated  in  his  "^  Now  Washington  Street.     The  site 

own  handwriting),  entitled  "  Geographi-  is  now  (1895)  occupied  by  the   Rogers 

cal  Gazeteer  of  the  Towns  in  the  Com-  Building,   nearly  opposite   the   head  of 

monwealth    of   Massachusetts."      It   is  State  Street, 
bound  up  in  a  volume  lettered  "  Gookin 


THE   INTERREGNUM.  34I 

South  Church,  in  Marlborough  [now  Washington]  Street,  founded  1669, 
is  a  large  and  handsome  brick  building.  The  inside  was  entirely  destroyed 
by  the  17th  regiment  of  British  dragoons  in  1775,  and  converted  into  a 
riding  school.  It  was  elegantly  repaired  in  1782.  The  lower  galleries 
are  finished  with  the  Tuscan  entablature  and  balustrade,  supported  by 
pillars  of  the  same  order.  The  second  galleries  are  finished  in  the  Dorick 
order  complete,  and  a  balustrade  above  the  entablature.  The  pulpit 
window  and  ornaments  are  of  the  Corinthian  order.  The  brick  tower 
supports  a  handsome  tall  steeple,  180  feet  in  height.  There  is  here  one 
of  the  best  clocks  in  America,  executed  by  an  ingenious  clock-maker  in 
Boston,  and  a  large  library  of  ancient  books.  The  depredations  of  the 
regiment  of  dragoons  proved  fatal  to  a  noble  collection  of  historical 
manuscripts  deposited  in  this  library  by  Mr.  Prince,  author  of  the  New- 
England  Chronology. 

[Then  follows  a  description  of  King's  Chapel.] 

The  Church  in  Brattle  Street  was  founded  1699,  and  rebuilt  in  brick, 
1774.  The  inside  is  richly  finished  agreeably  to  the  Corinthian  order. 
The  diameter  of  the  columns  is  2  feet,  2  inches  at  the  base.  From  the 
entablature  springs  the  arch  over  the  centre.  The  pulpit  of  mahogany 
is  the  most  elegantly  finished  work  in  the  Town.  The  corners  of  the 
building  outside,  and  of  the  tower,  are  of  free  stone  rusticated.  On  the 
S.  side  is  a  portico  of  the  lonick  order,  of  8  pillars  and  pilasters.  On 
the  VV.  side  of  the  tower  is  a  large  and  elegant  frontispiece  of  the  Dorick 
order,  over  which  is  a  Venetian  window  of  the  lonick  order.  The  tower, 
on  which  the  steeple  is  to  stand,  is  90  feet  in  height. 

Friends  Meeting  House,  in  Leverett  Lane  [Congress  Street],  founded 
1 7 10,  is  a  small  house  built  with  brick. 

New  North  Church,  in  North  [Hanover]  Street,  founded  17 14,  is  a 
spacious  wooden  building,  with  a  tall  steeple,  supported  by  a  tower. 

New  South  Church,  in  Summer  Street,  founded  in  17 16,  is  a  conven- 
ient wooden  building,  with  a  handsome  steeple,  finished  agreeably  to 
the  lonick  order  entire. 

Christ  Church,  in  Salem  Street,  the  second  episcopal  church,  founded 
in  1722,  is  a  handsome  brick  building,  with  an  elegant  lofty  steeple,  in 
which  there  is  a  ring  of  eight  bells  and  a  clock.  The  first,  second,  and 
third  stories  are  finished  in  the  Tuscan,  Dorick,  and  lonick  orders. 
Upon  these  the  spire  is  supported.  The  balustrade  of  the  first  story 
finishes  at  each  of  the  four  corners  in  a  pedestal,  which  supports  an 
obelisk.     The  corners  of  the  other  stories  finish  with  urns. 

Presbyterian  Church,  in  Long  Lane  [Federal  Street],  founded  1730, 
is  a  neat  wooden  building,  with  a  steeple  in  proportion. 

The  Church  in  Holis  [sic']  Street,  founded  1732,  is  a  commodious 
wooden  building,  with  a  decent  steeple  and  a  clock. 

Trinity  Church,  in  Summer  Street,  the  third  episcopal  church,  founded 
1734,  is  a  large  wooden  building.  The  circular  arch  on  the  inside  is 
supported  by  square  pillars  of  the  Corinthian  order.     The  capitals  are 


342     •  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

gilded ;  and  it  ought  to  be  mentioned  that  they  were  thus  enriched  by 
the  generous  contribution  of  the  ladies  of  the  church.  Beside  the  com- 
mon ornaments,  in  tlie  chancel  there  are  some  very  elegant  paintings 
done  by  a  masterly  hand.  This  and  the  other  two  episcopal  churches 
are  furnished  with  organs. 

West  Church,  in  Lynde  Street,  is  a  well  proportioned  wooden  build- 
ing. The  steeple,  which  was  executed  with  much  taste,  was  taken  down 
by  the  British  troops  in  1775. 

The  Church  in  Bennet  Street,  founded  1742,  is  a  convenient  wooden 
building. 

The  second  Antipsedobaptist  Church,  in  Back  [now  Salem]  Street, 
founded  1745,  is  a  small  decent  wooden  building. 

The  Church  in  School  Street,  founded  1748,  is  a  small  brick  house 
built  by  the  French  protestants. 

Number  of  Inhabitants.]  By  computation  the  Number  of  Inhab- 
itants in  Boston  is  14,640. 

Among  the  persons  who  joined  this  Society  after  the  Revolu- 
tion, we  would  particularly  mention  two,  —  the  one,  partly  that 
we  may  record  his  narrow  escape  from  sharing  in  the  losses 
and  ruin  of  the  Loyalist  members  of  this  congregation ;  the 
other,  because  of  the  peculiarly  close  ties  which  bound  him  in 
the  most  intimate  friendship  with  Dr.  Freeman. 

Pew  No.  36  was  taken  in  1784  by  Mr.  JOHN  Amory.  He  was 
born  in  1728,  and  was  one  of  the  leading  merchants  of  Boston 
in  the  time  before  the  Revolution,  being  in  partnership  with  his 
elder  brother.^  At  the  beginning  of  hostilities  his  "  house 
owed  their  English  creditors  ^30,000  sterling ;  and  while  their 
debtors  here,  from  inability,  or  taking  advantage  of  the  times, 
paid,  if  at  all,  in  a  very  depreciated  currency,  their  whole  debt 
was  remitted  in  full,  within  the  year."  In  1774  it  became  im- 
portant that  one  of  the  partners  should  go  to  England,  and  Mr. 
Amory  went,  taking  his  wife  with  him.  Her  protracted  illness, 
terminating  in  her  death  in  1778,  prevented  his  return;  he 
was  considered  a  "  refugee,"  and  his  property  was  put  in  se- 
questration. His  brother,  however,  wrote  to  him  that  if  it  was 
confiscated  he  would  share  his  own  property  with  him.  "  His 
sympathies,  it  is  said,  were  with  his  countrymen  in  their  struggle 
for  their  liberties."  He  accordingly  went  over  to  the  Conti- 
nent, and  remained  till  just  before  the  peace ;  when,  embarking 
for  America,  and  not  being  able  to  come  to  Boston  because  of 
the  "  Banishment  Act,"  he  landed  at  New  York,  then  held  by 

^  Jonathan  Amory. 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  343 

the  British,  and  was  there  "  forced  to  take  the  oath  of  alle- 
giance to  the  Crown."  In  1784,  on  his  petition,  the  Legislature 
of  Massachusetts  restored  him  to  the  rights  of  citizenship.  He 
died  in  1805.^  Some  of  his  descendants  are  still  members  of 
this  congregation. 

So  also  are  descendants  of  the  other  of  whom  we  have  to 
speak.  George  Richards  Minot  (H.  C.  1778)  was  a  class- 
mate and  intimate  friend  of  Mr.  Freeman.  The  tie  which  bound 
them  together  was  of  no  common  degree  of  intimacy,  and  is 
affectingly  shown  by  a  memoir^  of  Judge  Minot  written  by  his 
friend.  He  was  Clerk  of  the  Convention  for  ratifying  the 
Federal  Constitution,  and  he  held  other  positions  of  honor 
and  trust,  for  which  the  probity  of  his  character  seemed  to 
mark  him  out.  In  1800  he  delivered  a  eulogy  upon  Washing- 
ton before  the  town  of  Boston.  His  History  of  the  Province 
of  Massachusetts  Bay  from  1748  to  1765  continued  the  narrative 
of  Hutchinson.^ 

Among  the  congregation  who  remained  after  the  British 
evacuation  of  Boston,  and  one  of  the  most  important  members 
of  it  in  the  movements 
which  resulted  in  Mr. 
James  Freeman's  settle- 
ment here,  was  Dr. 
Thomas  Bulfinch,  who 
had  been  a  Vestryman 
from  1765  to  1776,  and 
who  was  chosen  senior 
warden  in  1782,  in  which 
office    he    continued    till 

1795.     He  was  a  grand-  C^^^ ^^^A^  ^ 
son    of  Admo  Bulfinch,    (y /^6  ^      ^  --^  ^    / 
and     the     son     of     Dr.  ^"^^ 

Thomas  Bulfinch,  an  eminent  medical  practitioner  here.^  The 
children  of  Elizabeth  Bulfinch  (daughter  of  the  Warden),  who 
married  Joseph  Coolidge,  Esq.,  Sept.  20,  1796,  are  still  members 

1  These  facts  are  chiefly  taken  from  between    1737    and    1750,    who,    many 

an  article  on  the  Amory  family  in  the  years   after,    received   from    the  college 

New-England  Hist,  and  Gen.  Register,  the  degree  of  M.  D.  pro  honoris  causa. 

^'  S9~65-  (Dr.  Samuel  A.  Green.)     His  father  was 

'^  I  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  viii.  86 1?/ ^^17.  born   in   1694,  married    Judith    Colman 

^  Eliot's     Biographical      Dictionary,  in   1724,  and  died  in   December,   1757: 

See  also  pp.  364-366,  post.  "  He  was  a  Gentleman  whose  knowledge 

*  Dr.  Thomas  Bulfinch  (Jr.)  was  quite  Fidelity  and  Success  in  his  Business  ren- 

a  distinguished  physician,  who  resided  in  dered  him  an  Ornament  to  his  Profes- 

Bowdoin    Square.     He  was  [1746]  one  sion,  as  the  Easiness  and  composure  of 

of  five   graduates   of    Harvard   College  his  Behaviour,  and  the  Agreeableness  of 


344 


ANNALS    OP^    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


o 
o  5- 

e 


of  this  Society.    Our  honored  friend,  Mr.  Thomas  Bulfinch  (H.  C. 
1814),  —  whose   probity  and   courtesy  made 

I§  him  "  A  Christian  Gentleman  "  indeed,  one 
I  who,  after  serving  this  Church  as  junior  war- 
l/L  den  and  thus  continuin-^  the  family  tradition 
here,  left  at  his  death,  in  1867,  a  void  not  to 
be  filled,  —  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Bulfinch's  son 
Charles,  the  eminent  architect  of  the  State 
House,  the  General  Hospital,  the  Capitol  of 
the  United  States  at  Washington,  and  other 
public  buildings  there.  A  few  personal  and 
family  memorials  of  these  and  other  names 
will  be  given  further  on. 

The  later  story  of  Dr.  Caner's  life  is  told 
in  the  citations  which  follow,  taken  from  the 
correspondence  and  other  memoranda  of  the 
time :  — 

Z>r.  Catier  to  the  Secretary. 

Halifax,  May  lo'.*',  1776. 
I  am  now  at  Halifax  with  my  daughter  &  ser- 
vant, but   without   any  means   of  support   except 
what  I  receive  from  the  benevolence  of  the  worthy 
Rev?   Dr   Breynton.^       Several    other    clergymen, 

his  Manners,  made  him  Amiable  in  familiar  Life.  He  was 
a  tender  Husband,  an  affectionate  Father,  a  just  and  kind 
Master,  and  a  constant  and  unshaken  Friend.  His  Piety 
was  sober  and  unaffected,  his  Temper  humane  and  benev- 
olent ;  his  Heart  felt  for  the  Distresses  of  others,  and  his 
Hands  were  ever  ready  to  relieve  them.  He  was  a  Lover 
of  English  Liberty,  of  good  Order  and  Government,  and 
in  his  family  a  Pattern  of  Economy  and  Hospitality;  So 
that  the  Publick  have  Reason  to  Regret  his  Loss,  not  only 
as  an  excellent  Physician,  but  as  a  good  Citizen,  whose 
Example  was  beneficial  to  the  Community.  His  Remains 
were  honorably  interred  Yesterday."  —  N'ewsletter,  No. 
2892,  for  Dec.  8,  1757. 

1  A  portion  of  this  letter  has  been  given  on  page  305. 
Dr.  Caner's  house,  "  situated  on  the  north  side  of  the  bury- 
ing ground,  and  lately,"  says  Greenwood  (History  of  King's 
Chapel,  1833,  p.  112),  "  taken  down  for  the  purpose  of  build- 
ing on  the  lot  a  new  Savings  Bank  of  stone,  was  of  wood, 
rouEfh-cast  outside.      In  this  house  were  the  rooms  of  the 
^l/j'!;         Boston  Athenaeum  from  1810  to  1S22.       A  heliotype  view 
'■K/^         of  this  building  is  in  the  Mass.  Hist.  Society's  Proceedings, 
iji'  i.  470.     The  site  is  now  owned  and  occupied  by  the  Massa- 

chusetts Historical  Society,  and  is  numbered  30  on  Tre- 
mont  Street.  In  the  accompanying  view  of  that  thoroughfare  in  1800,  it  is  desig- 
nated as  belonging  to  Rufus  G.  Amory,  a  son  of  John  Amory  [ante,  p.  342). 

Levi    Jennings,   a    member    of    this    Parish   and   proprietor    of   Pew   No.   73, 
was   appointed  to  settle  the  estate  of  the  Absentee,  "  Henry  Canner,"  Dec.  25, 


THE   INTERREGNUM. 


345 


D'.  Byles,  Mf  Walter,  McBadger,  &■:.  are  likewise  driven  from  Boston  to 
this  place ;  but  [all]  of  them  have  some  comfortable  provision  in  the 
Army  or  Navy  as  Chaplains,  a  service  which  my  age  &  infirmities  will  not 
well  admit  of.  I  have  indeed  greatly  suffered  in  my  health  by  the  cold 
weather  &  other  uncomfortable  circumstances  of  a  passage  to  this  place  ; 
but  having  by  the  good  providence  of  God  survived  the  past  distress, 
I  am  in  hopes  some  charitable  hand  will  assist  me  in  my  purpose  of  pro- 
ceeding to  England,  where  the  compassion  of  the  well-disposed  will  I 
hope  preserve  me  from  perishing  thro'  the  want  of  t)ie  necessaries  of 
Hfe.     If  otherwise,  God's  will  be  done.'^ 

I  am,  Rev?  Sir,  &? 

H.  Caner. 

Dr.  Caner  had  taken  with  him  the  Church  Registers,  so 
largely  filled  with  his  own  clear,  methodical,  precise  hand- 
writing, and  a  part  of  the  Records  of  the  Vestry,  which  had  been 
in  the  habit  of  meeting  at  his  house.^     The  Registers  were  ob- 


1777,  and  did  so,  in  1781.  {Mass.  Ar- 
chives, cliv.  333.)  Caner's  house  on 
Tremont  Street  was  sold  for  ^750  to 
Samuel  Henle)'.  [Ibid.,  cliv.  339;  see 
also  pp.  398,  444-J  The  Boston  Gazette, 
of  Feb.  28,  1780,  advertises  that  "Agree- 
ably to  a  Resolve  of  the  General  Court 
will  be  leased  for  the  Term  of  One  Year 
from  the  First  of  April  ne.xt  the  Mansion 
house  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Caner,  situated 
in  Tremont  Street  near  the  Chapel." 
Dr.  Caner's  estate  —  as  an  Absentee 
—  was  settled  in  the  Suffolk  Probate 
Court.  The  Inventory,  taken  Jan.  22, 
1779,  by  Francis  Archbald,  Jacob  Wen- 
dell, and  Jacob  Cooper,  describes  the 
premises  as  "A  Dwelling  House,  Barn, 
&c.  situate  in  Tree  Mont  Street  near 
the  Stone  Church,  with  the  Land  &  Ap- 
purtenances," which  are  appraised  at 
;^2,55o.  o.  o.  {Suffolk  Probate  Files,  No. 
16.426).  See  also  a  valuable  paper  by 
Mr.  John  T.  Hassam  on  the  Confiscated 
Estates  of  Boston  Loyalists,  in  2  Mass. 
Hist.  Society's  Proceedings  for  May, 
1895,  X.  162-185. 

1  We  are  informed  that  "  about,  or  a 
little  previous  to,  the  middle  of  the 
xviii*  century,  a  number  of  churches 
were  built  under  the  direction  of  the 
Bishop-of-London,  &  the  funds  drawn 
out  of  the  public  exchequer,  but  in  order 
to  save  unnecessary  expenditure,  one 
plan  served  for  several  buildings."  So 
St.  Paul's  Church,  Halifax,  which  was 


identical  in  architecture  and  size  with 
St.  Peter's,  Vere  Street,  O.xford  Street, 
London.  In  the  record  of  this  Church 
we  find  that,  in  1752,  Rev.  John  Breyn- 
ton,  a  chaplain  in  one  of  his  Majesty's 
ships  of  war  during  the  siege  of  Louis- 
burg  (S.  T.  D.  in  England,  in  1771),  was 
sent  out  as  missionary  to  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Halifa.x.  He  was  devoted  to 
his  duties,  learning  the  language  of  the 
Micmac  Indians  so  as  to  conduct  wor- 
ship in  it.  Dr.  Breynton's  attentions  to 
the  unfortunate  refugees  were  unwearied. 
After  long  service  in  the  little  group  of 
founders  of  the  colony,  he  obtained  leave 
of  absence  for  a  visit  in  England  in 
1785,  but  never  returned,  and  in  1790 
resigned  his  cure.  {A^ova  Scotia  Hist. 
Soc.  Coll.,  i.  35  et  seg.)  "  The  polite  and 
generous  Dr.  Breynton,  Rector  of  St. 
Paul's  Church  in  Halifax,"  poor  Mr. 
Bailey  calls  him.  (Bartlet's  Frontier 
JMissionary,  p.   156.) 

2  It  is  fortunate  that  Dr.  Caner  left 
behind  him  the  Baskerville  Bible  (Cam- 
bridge, 1763)  which  is  still  in  use.  On 
the  front  cover,  which  is  elaborately 
tooled  in  gold,  is  this  inscription  :  "  Kings 
Chapel  I  Boston  |  New  England  |  176S." 
The  fly-leaf  is  inscribed  in  Old  English 
and  Roman  letters,  written  in  red  and 
blue  ink,  as  follows:  "The  Gift  |  of 
I  M'"^  Elizabeth  |  Rogers  |  to  |  Kings 
Chapel  I  in  |  Boston  fi768." 


346  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

tained  from  his  heirs  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  after- 
wards, in  1805,  and  are  now  in  my  keeping.  He  also  took 
the  church  plate  and  vestments,  of  which  more  anon.  "  Two 
Boxes  of  Church  Plate,  &  a  Silver  Christening  Basin,"  he  says, 
"  were  left  in  the  hands  of  the  Rev.  D""-  Breynton  ^  at  Halifax 
to  be  delivered  to  me  or  my  order,  agreeable  to  his  Note  Re- 
ceipt in  my  hands."  ^ 

Dr.  Caner  soon  sailed  for  London,  where  he  was  received 
with  every  mark  of  respect  and  kindness.  The  Society  for 
Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts  offered  him  the  choice 
of  any  of  the  missions  then  vacant;  and  he  was  appointed  to 
Bristol,  R.  L,  with  a  salary  of  £,60.^ 

"  The  first  year  in  which  Caner's  name  appears  as  Missionary  at 
Bristol,  1778,  the  British  forces  attacked  and  set  fire  to  the  town,  and  the 
Church  was  utterly  consumed.  The  loss  of  property  thereby  caused  to 
the  inhabitants  provoked  among  them  a  more  intense  hatred  against 
everything  which  they  identified  with  the  obnoxious  acts  of  Britain."  * 

He  had  been  proscribed  and  banished  under  the  statute  of 
Massachusetts  in  1778,  and  we  can  find  no  trace  that  he  ever 
thought  of  returning  to  this  rebellious  though  triumphant  town 
after  the  peace,  —  or  that  the  remnant  of  his  parish,  whose  min- 
ister he  had  been  for  twenty-seven  years,  ever  once  thought  of 
asking  this  patriarch  of  more  than  eighty  years  to  return. 

The  diary  of  his  parishioner.  Dr.  Jeffries,  also  an  exile,  con- 
tains several  references  to  the  aged  clergyman:  ^  — 

"London  Aug.  23,  1779.  Received  a  letter  from  Rev.  Dr.  Caner 
dated  Cardiff,  South  Wales." 

1  For  a  notice  of  Dr.  Breynton,  see  to  give  of  tlieir  affectionate  regard  for 

Sprague's  Episcopal  Annals,  p.  62.  The  Father  of  the  American  Clergy." 

■^  See  p.  317,  post.  Quoted  in  Batchelder,  History  of  the  i^ast- 

3  "  That   truly  venerable    clergyman  erjt  Diocese,  p.  399. 
hath  been  in  England  for  some  months,  [Professor  Dexter  (Yale  Biographies 

is  lately  recovered  from  the  small  pox,  and  Annals,  p.  297)  mentions  this  as  an 

and  by  accepting  of  the  vacant  Mission  honoi-a>y  appointment,  which  Dr.  Caner 

at  Bristol  in  Rhode  Island,  is  again  be-  retained  "  till  the  Peace,  withotd  ventur- 

come  the  servant  of  the  Society  ;  from  a  ing  to  revisit  America."     Cf.    Extracts 

vicissitude  of  fortune  peculiarly  distress-  from  Dr.  Jeffries'  Diary,  letters  of  Dr. 

ful  to  advanced  life,  re-assuming  an  em-  Caner   and    Rev.    Samuel    Parker,   and 

ployment  after  an  interval  of  30  Years,  obituary  notice,  printed  on  pp.  346,  347, 

which  he  first  entered  upon  in  1727,  and  348,  352,  post.  —  Editor.] 
discharged   near    20    years   with    great  *  Anderson,  Col.  Ch.,  iii.  455. 

fidelity  at  Fairfield.     The  Society,  truly  5  i  am  indebted  for  these  extracts  to 

sensible  of  his  great  worth,  gave  him  the  Dr.  B.  Joy  Jeffries  and  Mr.  Walter  Lloyd 

choice  of  any  one  of  the  vacant  Missions,  Jeffries, 
that  being  the  only  testimony  they  had 


THE    INTERREGxNUM.  347 

"Sept.  25,  1 781.  Breakfasted  with  Mrs.  Gore,  Queen's  Square, 
No.  63."     [Bristol.] 

"  Sept.  26,  1781.  Put  up  at  my  old  friend's  Dr.  Caner's  in  Crokerton 
near  the  east  gate  of  Cardiff  and  opposite  the  venerable  old  Friery,  — 
very  hospitably  received  by  the  venerable  old  gent,  and  his  family." 

"  Oct.  13,  17S1.  Returned  with  Mrs.  G  to  Cardiff,  and  to  my  sorrow 
found  Dr.  Canei  greatly  and  alarmingly  indisposed  with  the  symptoms  of 
approaching  apoplexy  and  paralysis." 

"Oct.  16,  1781.  Dr.  Caner  remains  wandering  and  much  impaired 
in  his  intellect." 

"April  7,  1783.  Mrs.  Gore,  Dr.  Caner  &  Peters  breakfasted  with 
me.  Margaret  St.,  Cavendish  Square  [London].  Went  to  Pantheon  in 
evening." 

"Oct.  9,  1784.  This  forenoon  attended  and  was  examined  by  the 
Honorable  Board  of  Commissions  for  American  Claims  at  Newcastle 
House,  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  as  an  evidence  in  behalf  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Caner's  claim." 

Rev.  S.  Peters  writes,  Aug.  7,  1780:  — 

"  Dr.  C r  is  in  Cardiff,  Wales,  happy  in  obscurity  and  Episcopal 

neglects." 

And  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey,  in  1781  :  — 

"  I  am  informed  that  Dr.  Caner  has  retired  with  his  young  wife  to 
Cardiff."  1 

From  Cardiff  Dr.  Caner  writes  to  his  former  parishioner,  Dr. 
Sylvester  Gardiner :  — 

Cardiff,  Aug'  28"'  1779. 

.  .  .  Tis  true,  the  Air  in  this  Climate  is  not  so  clear  &  elastic  as  it  was 
with  us  in  America,  but  for  that  reason  I  should  think  it  more  suitable  for 
people  advanc'd  in  life  ;  &  I  think  I  have  general  experience  on  my  side 
in  support  of  this  Opinion.  One  is  liable  to  take  cold  in  every  place.  I 
had  myself  a  cold  last  Spring,  attended  with  a  very  troublesome  Cough, 
&  which  lasted  longer  than  any  one  I  can  remember  to  have  had  before. 
Excepting  that  Instance,  I  never  had  better  health  in  my  life  than  since 
my  coming  into  Wales.  —  But  your  present  depression  is  I  doubt  much 
aggravated  by  what  you  afterwards  mention,  the  scanty  circumstances 
you  labour  under,  &  the  small  prospect  there  is,  of  their  being  much 
mended.  This  I  own,  is  a  dark  prospect,  especially  to  a  man  in  years,  & 
who  is  encumbered  with  a  Family  (Tho'  by  the  way  you  have  never  yet 
told  me,  who,  or  how  many  your  present  Family  consists  of)  —  But  be 
of  good  cheer  my  Friend,  &:  recollect  by  whose  fatherly  Protection  you 
have  hitherto  been  conducted  through  life  ;  remember  that  his  hand  is 

1  Bartlet's  Frontier  Missionary,  p.  322. 


348  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

not  shortened,  that  it  cannot  help,  He  hath  dehvered,  he  doth  deliver,  & 
we  trust  that  he  will  still  deliver  us,  when  the  purposes  of  his  wisdom  are 
accomplished  in  us ;  Or  if  he  sees  fit  to  continue  the  burden,  he  will  yet 
support  the  mind,  &  enable  us  to  bear  the  weight  under  which  he  per- 
mits us  to  labour.  As  your  troubles  increase,  so  let  your  faith  also  in- 
crease, &  rest  assured  that  your  confidence  in  the  hand  that  guides  the 
Universe,  will  not  finally  be  frustrated. 

I  pray  God  give  you  &  all  of  us  the  Grace,  humbly  to  submit,  &  pa- 
tiently endure,  the  visitations,  with  which  his  Providence  has  thought  fit, 
or  may  yet  think  fit  to  exercise  us,  firmly  believing  that  he  will  conduct  all 
things  for  the  best  good  of  those  that  confide  in  him,  altho'  his  footsteps 
may  be  too  dark  for  our  imperfect  faculties  to  penetrate  — 

I  am  My  good  Sir,  with  much  Affection 

Your  sincere  Friend  &  Hum^'"  Servant 

H  Caner. 

He  died  in  England,  at  the  close  of  the  year  1792,  in  his  ninety- 
third  year.^  One  of  his  daughters  was  married  to  a  Mr.  Gore, 
of  Boston.  The  last  mention  of  Dr.  Caner  which  I  find  on  our 
church  records  is  as  follows  :  — 

Boston,  August  5,  17  81. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  proprietors  of  Chapel  Church  at  the  Vestry  — 

Present  &c. 

Whereas  there  was  a  large  quantity  of  Plate,  Damask  &  other  Linnin 
Belongin  to  said  Church,  &  deposetted  in  the  Care  of  the  Rev*^  Docf 
Caner,  &  he  the  said  Doc"  Gowing  of  with  the  Refegees,  &  taking  the 
Plate  &  Linnin  with  him.     Therefore 

Voted  That  the  Church  Wardens  &  Vestry  be  desired  to  Use  their 
Endeaver  to  Ascertain  the  quantity  &  Value  of  said  plate  &  linnin  as 
near  as  may  be,  &  lay  in  a  Clame  (in  behalf  of  said  Church)  on  the 
Estate  of  the  Rev'*  Henry  Caner  for  the  same  — 

1  The  following  obituary  notice  ap-  "At  Long-Ashton  in  Somersetshire, 

peared   in    the    Columbian    Centiiid,   of  England,  aged  93,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Henry 

Feb.  13,  1793  : —  Caner,   a    very   respectable    character 

"Z)?>^. —  At  Long-Ashton  (Eng.),  the  many  years  Minister  of  the  Chapel 
Rev.  Henry  Caner,  ^t.  93,  a  very  re-  Church  in  this  town." 
spectable  character,  many  years  minister  I  am  informed  by  Mr.  Henry  O'B. 
in  the  Chapel-Church  of  this  town.  O'Donoghue  of  Long  Ashton,  near  Bris- 
When  (says  an  English  paper)  the  Ameri-  tol,  that  "  there  is  no  tombstone  in  the 
can  Revolution  took  place,  he  was  church-yard  with  Dr.  Caner's  name,  nor 
obliged  to  relinquish  the  Ministry,  his  any  trace  to  be  found  of  such  a  person 
country,  and  his  possessions,  and  took  ever  having  lived  in  the  parish." 
refuge  in  England,  where  he  has  since  [The  Rev.  Dr.  Edmund  F.  Slafter  in- 
lived,  distinguished  by  a  serenity  of  forms  us  that  in  the  publications  of  the 
mind,  and  cheerful  submission  to  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in 
various  vicissitudes  of  life."  Foreign  Parts,  Dr.  Caner  is  said  to  have 

The  Boston  Gazette  (No.  2002),  of  Feb.  died  in  London  in  1792.  —  Editor.] 
II,  1793,  contains  the  following;  — 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  349 

To  3  Sett  wrought  Plate  Vizt. 
6  Flagons 
6  Cups 

4  large  Basons 

6  Dishes  )■  Estimated  at  2S00  oz. 

2  Xtening  Basons 
6  Salvers 
4  Tankards  &c 

A  quantity  Dammask  Linnen  Belongin  to  the  Communion  &  Six 
Surplis  &c. 

This  plate,  the  gift  of  three  kings  of  England  to  the  Royal 

Chapel,  was  of  value  to  the  Church  far  beyond  its  worth  as  old 

silver.     A  wrong  was  done  not  to  this  Church  only,  but  to  the 

history  of  ancient  things  in  our  New  World,  when  the  efforts  of 

the  parish  to  recover  it  proved  to  be  in  vain.    We  are  reluctantly 

obliged  to  relate  that  this  was  the  result.     Among  the  files  of 

Church  papers  is  a  draught  of  a  letter  sent  to  the  Rev.  East 

Apthorp  in  London:  — 

Boston  5*^  July  17S4. 
Rev'^  Sir 

The  Vestry  of  the  Chapel  in  this  town  find^  it  necessary  to  apply  to 
the  Rev''  Doctor  Caner  for  the  church  plate  &  Linnen  w"**  he  carried 
away,  have  chosen  you  for  their  Agent  in  that  business,  &  hope  it  will  not 
be  disagreeable  to  you  to  transact  it  for  them  either  by  yrself  or  under 
your  direction  by  some  confidential  friend  of  yours  living  att  Bristol 
where  the  Doctor  resides,  for  w'^''  purpose  we  send  you  a  power  of  attor- 
ney w"'  powers  of  Substitution. 

AL  John  Wheelwright,  when  he  was  lately  in  England,  mention'd  to 
Doctor  Caner  the  necessity  of  sending  the  Church  plate  &  linnen  See  to 
Boston  w''^  he  says  he  refus'd  to  do  as  his  Estate  was  taken  from  him 
here  by  the  publick.  We  conceive  he  must  have  misunderstood  the 
Doctor,  for  upon  what  Principles  can  he  detain  the  interest  belonging  to 
the  Church  because  the  publick  have  taken  away  his  property?  The 
Church  did  all  they  cou'd  to  save  it  for  him,  &  no  doubt  wou'd  have  had 
a  Claim  on  his  Estate  if  they  cou'd  have  sworn  to  the  acco'  exhibited, 
w'^''  they  cou'd  not  do  for  want  of  the  weight  of  the  plate  &  particular 
acco'  of  the  linnen  &c.^     We  think  it  wou'd  be  taking  up  your  time  need- 

1  As  we  have  already  seen  ((7«^^,  p.  345,  carry'd  of  by  st'Canner,  which  demand  not 

note),  Dr.  Caner's  estate,  as  an  Absentee,  being  well  supported,  agreeable  to  the  Reso- 

was  settled  in  the  Suffolk  Probate  Court,  lutions    of    this  Common    Wealth  we  have 

At  the  end  of  Mr.  Jennings's  Account,  "ot  allowed."     (Sirfo/A  Probate  Files,  No. 

dated  Boston,  Sept.,  17S1,  appears  this  ''^-  '♦^'^•^ 
memorandum: —  The  word    "King's"  is  cancelled  in 

"  There  was  a  demand  exhibited  by  Thos.  t^e  original  paper  as  it  is  here. 
Bulfinch  &  James  Ivers  as  a  Committee  of  In   its  destitution    and    until    Easter, 

■King'o  Chapel  Church  for  the  sum  of  .£1500  179S,  the  Table  was  furnished  by  loans 

£or  Three  Setts  of  Wrought  Plate  said  to  be  of  a  Flagon  from  the  Old  South  Church 


350  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

lessly  to  use  arguments  to  prove  the  Justness  of  our  Claim,  vv'^''  is  so  self- 
evident.  We  demand  it  in  the  name  of  the  Church,  who  have  chosen 
us  a  Committee  for  that  purpose.  —  If  M'  Wheelwright  did  not  misun- 
derstand the  Doctor,  &  he  has  any  real  intentions  of  detaining  the  plate 
&c  from  the  Church,  We  beg  the  fav"  of  you  to  take  such  steps  as  y? 
think  will  be  most  effectual  to  obtain  them.  Wou'd  not  an  application 
to  the  Bishop  of  London  be  advisable  &  proper?  The  Doctor  was  w"'in 
his  Diocese  when  he  took  charge  of  the  Church  plate  &  Linnen,  &c,  as 
he  says,  for  their  security  to  the  Church  ;  &  M'^  Gore  [his  daughter] 
tells  M""  Wheelwright  there  are  likewise  books  belonging  to  the  Church 
in  the  D?  possession  w''''  may  be  likewise  demanded.  The  Doctor  left 
the  before  mentioned  things  w""  Doctor  Breynton  at  Hallifax,  &  by  his 
orders  they  were  sent  to  England  in  time  of  the  War.  Cou'd  that  be 
for  security  of  the  Interest  of  the  Church  ?  was  not  the  risq!"  greater  in 
the  transportation  than  their  remaining att  Hallifax?  &  ought  the  Church 
in  that  Case  to  pay  any  charges  for  removal,  is  submitted  to  you. 

Inclos'd  is  our  letter  to  D'-  Caner  for  your  perusal,  sealing,  &  delivery, 
&  to  take  any  extracts  from  it  w''*'  you  may  think  necessary. 

The  Rev''  M^-  East  Apthorp. 

We  would  gladly  believe  that  this  great  act  of  wrong  on  the 
part  of  an  old  man,  who  had  passed  a  generation  of  life  as  min- 
ister of  the  Church  which  he  now  defrauded,  was  the  error  of  old 
age  and  the  infirmity  of  a  mind  embittered  by  the  losses  and 
disappointments  which  had  come  upon  him  so  late  in  life.  We 
cannot  put  it  out  of  sight,  or  forget  it;  but  we  can  remember 
at  the  same  time  that  this  beautiful  and  now  venerable  church 
was  built  through  his  tireless  zeal  in  the  prime  of  his  years, 

"  Dr.  Caner's  published  discourses,"  says  the  Annalist  of  the  American 
Pulpit,  "  show  that  he  was  a  man  of  fine  intellectual  endowments  and 
acquirements.  He  nad  withal  a  very  popular  address,  and  exerted  an 
important  influence  wherever  he  lived.  He  was  undoubtedly  one  of  the 
most  eminent  Episcopal  clergymen  of  his  day  in  this  country." 

As  a  sequel  to  the  account  just  given  of  the  charges  regarding 
the  communion  plate  and  other  Church  property,  we  quote  the 
following:  ^  — 

"  A  service  of  plate  for  the  altar  was  loaned  by  his  Excellency  Gov. 
Bernard,  which  the  vestry  in  1770  refused  to  purchase  of  him,  and  it  was 
probably  returned.     The  Royal  Governors  received  from  the  Crown  on 

and  a  large  Tankard  from  the  widow  of  1  The  several  statements  in  the  text, 

Governor  Hancock.  from  this  point,  respecting  the  church 

An  account  of  the  plate  now  owned  plate  and  furnishings,  are  taken  chiefly 

by    King's  Chapel    will    be    found    on  from   Dr.   Hoppin's   History  of   Christ 

pp.  616-61S,  post.  Church,  Cambridge. 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  35  I 

their  appointment  Communion  Plate  and  ornaments  of  a  church,  to  be 
appropriated  at  their  discretion.  In  1772  his  Excellency  Gov.  Thomas 
Hutchinson  gave  a  silver  flagon  and  covered  cup,  now  in  use,  which  bear 
the  following  inscription  :  — 

THE   GIFT   OF 

K.    WILLIAM   AND   Q.   MARY 

TO   YE   REVD.    SAMLL.    MYLES 

FOR   y'    use   of 

THEIR   majesties'    CHAPPELL   IN   N.    ENGLAND 

MDCXCIV. 

"In  1787  this  plate,  then  in  the  hands  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Parker  of 
Boston  for  safe  keeping,  was  claimed  by  Dr.  Thomas  Bulfinch,  Warden, 
as  the  property  of  the  King's  ChapeL"  What  Dr.  Caner  had  carried 
away  "  were  afterwards  disposed  of  in  the  Provinces  by  the  Society  for 
the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel." 

To  which  we  add  an  extract  from  a  letter  of  Dr.  William  Morice, 
Secretary  of  the  Society,  to  Dr.  Parker,  dated  July  17,  1787: 

■'  Dr.  Apthorp  .  .  .  says  that  when  he  was  missionary  Gov.  Bernard 
gave  one  flaggon  and  one  cup  of  silver  and  some  rich  crimson  damask 
for  the  Table.  Which,  he  adds,  was  not  given  with  so  good  a  grace  as  it 
ought  to  have  been,  the  Governor  intimating  that  he  considered  it  as  his 
property,  and  that  he  should  lend  it  to  the  Church  \  but  no  farther  men- 
tion being  made  of  returning  it,  they  always  considered  it  as  a  gift.  .  .  . 
Dr.  Caner  sent  two  flaggons  of  old  plate  from  the  Chapel.  .  .  .  The 
Chapel  can  have  no  right,  for  it  was  given  to  Cambridge  Church  in  con- 
sideration that  new  plate  had  been  given  to  the  King's  Chapel.  It  there- 
fore belongs  to  Cambridge  Church,  upon  the  supposition  that  a  Church 
of  England  minister  officiates  there.  As  that  is  not  the  case,  I  should 
think  the  Society  might  demand  it,  in  order  to  give  it  to  some  other 
Church  in  the  King's  remaining  Provinces ;  which  they  have  done  with 
Dr.  Caner's." 

In  answer  to  a  letter  of  Nov.  30,  1787,  from  Dr.  Parker  to  Dr. 
Thomas  Bulfinch  reclaiming  "  the  plate  belonging  to  the  Church 
at  Cambridge,"  Dr.  Bulfinch's  reply  (Dec.  3,  1787)  — 

..."  returns  him  all  the  plate  which  he  borrowed  of  him,  according 
to  his  promise  at  the  time  of  borrowing  it ;  wishes  Mr.  Parker  to  look  at 
the  arms  and  inscription  on  the  flagon  :  by  which  it  appears  to  be  the 
unalienable  property  of  the  Chapel,  not  liable  to  the  disposal  of  Dr.  Caner 
or  any  other  person,  without  a  regularly  recorded  vote  of  the  Church  so 
authorizing  him,  which  appears  never  to  have  been  passed.  Can  Mr. 
Parker  conceive  that  the  plate  belonging  to  Trinity  Church  is  on  any 
account  at  his  disposal  without  the  express  consent  of  the  Church?'" 


352  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Mr.  Sergeant  writes,  Oct.  7,  1772:  — 

"  Gov.  Hutchinson  has  made  us  a  present  of  a  silver  flagon  and  cup 
with  cover,  and  given  the  same  to  Newberry  Church.  Bass,  I  imagine, 
will  be  not  a  little  proud  of  it." 

A  view  of  the  changed  condition  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in 
New  England  at  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War  is  afforded 
by  the  following  letter,  dated  June  21,  1784:  — 

Rev.  Samuel  Parker  to  Rev.  Dr.  William  White. 

.  .  .  We  are  indeed  [in  Massachusetts]  but  5  in  Number,  for  when 
the  British  Troops  evacuated  this  Town  in  March  1776,  all  the  Episcopal 

.  Clergy  in  this  Town,  myself  ex- 

/ /  /)  w  /  /^/     — yl      ^    cepted,  &  many  from  the  other 

7/'^     ''  t/y   l^^^^-"^^-"^^ ^  Towns    accompanied    them   & 

''^-^  have  never  since  returned.     In- 

deed, but  two  others  remained  in  the  whole  Government :  these  were  the 
Revd.  Mr.  Bass  of  Newburyport,  who  was  a  Missionary  from  the  Society 
but  now  for  reasons  unknown  dismissed  their  Service,  &  Revd.  Mr. 
Wheeler,  who  was  an  Assistant  to  the  Rector  of  Trinity  Church  in  New- 
port, R.  I. ;  the  latter,  being  a  native  of  this  Province,  upon  the  breaking 
out  of  the  War  retired  to  a  small  patrimony  in  the  Vicinity  of  this  Town, 
&  did  not  officiate  at  all  till  within  a  Twelve  month  past  he  was  invited 
to  the  Churches  in  Scituate  &  Marshfield,  in  the  County  of  Plymouth. 

Since  the  War  two  Clergymen  have  settled  in  this  State  :  Revd.  Mr. 
Lewis,  who  was  Chaplain  in  Burgoyne's  Regiment  of  Light  Dragoons, 
left  that  Service  &  came  to  this  town  in  1778,  &  settled  at  Christ's 
church  ;  the  other,  the  Revd.  Mr.  Fisher,  who  came  from  Annapolis  in 
Nova  Scotia  in  1780  &  settled  in  Salem.  The  oldest  Church  in  this 
Town,  formerly  known  by  the  Name  of  King's  Chapel,  is  now  supplied  by 
a  Lay  Reader  who  is  a  Candidate  for  holy  Orders.  There  are  five  or 
six  other  Churches,  in  some  of  which  Lay  Readers  now  officiate.  In  the 
State  of  New  Hampshire,  there  are  but  two  Episcopal  Churches,  one  at 
Portsmouth,  the  metropolis  of  the  Government,  where  there  has  been  no 
Clergyman  since  the  War,  the  other  in  a  new  Settlement  in  the  western 
part  of  the  State,  where  a  Missionary  from  the  Society  in  England  is  now 
resident.  In  the  State  of  Rhode  Island  are  three  churches  only,  exclu- 
sive of  one  at  Bristol  which  was  burnt  by  the  British,  &c.-' 

1  Journals  of  the  General  Convention  now  called  the  Episcopal  Church  in  the 

of    the    Protestant    Episcopal    Church  United  States  of  America,  is  the  same 

(Philadelphia,  i86r),  i.  427-429.  Church  formerly  known  by  the  name  of 

"  In  the  General  Convention  of  1814,  the  Church  of  England  in  America,  the 

an   instrument  was   drawn    up    by  the  change  of  name  having  been  the  dictate 

bishops,  and  received  the  approbation  of  of  a  change  of  circumstances  in  the  civil 

the  other  House,  certifying  that  *  what  is  constitution  of  the    country,'    so    says 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  353 

The  course  of  these  Annals  has  brought  us  in  contact  with  a 
feature  of  our  colonial  life  generally  too  unfamiliar,  and  held 
in  too  low  esteem  since  the  establishment  of  American  indepen- 
dence,—  we  mean  the  character  and  fortunes  of  the  Boston 
Loyalists  of  the  Revolutionary  period.^  The  unusual  fulness  of 
material  that  has  been  preserv^ed,  in  parish  records  and  other 
memoranda,  enables  us  to  present  in  some  detail  a  typical  ex- 
ample intimately  connected  with  our  story,  which  may  serve 
to  illustrate  better  than  could  otherwise  be  done  the  spirit  of 
pride,  grief,  resentment,  and  bitter  sense  of  wrong  which  so 
strongly  colors  that  chapter  of  our  history. 

We  have  met  from  time  to  time,  conspicuous  among  those 
belonging  to  this  period  of  our  annals,  the  name  of  Dr.  Sylvester 
Gardiner.  He  was  the  great-grandson  of  Joseph  Gardiner,  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  Narragansett,  R.  I.,  and  was  the  fourth 
in  a  family  of  seven  (four  sons  and  three  daughters)  children  of 
William  Gardiner,  who  died  in  1732,  at  the  age  of  sixty.  Syl- 
vester, it  appears,  was  accounted  a  boy  of  slow  and  dull  under- 
standing, not  likely  to  fill  his  place  worthily  as  son  of  an 
important  landholder;  but  the  Rev.  James  McSparran,  Epis- 
copal missionary  at  Narragansett,  —  whose  name  has  hereto- 
fore appeared  in  these  annals  as  the  eloquent  and  eccentric 
preacher  at  Christ  Church,  Boston,  —  who  had  married  an  elder 
sister  of  the  youth,  appears  to  have  noted  his  latent  genius ; 
and,  during  the  father's  lifetime,  he  had  taken  charge  of  the 
son's  education,  sending  him  abroad  for  an  eight  years'  course 
of  study,  from  which  he  returned  to  take  his  position  as  a 
leading  and  eminent  physician  of  Boston.  At  the  time  the 
Siege  of  Boston  began,  being  then  sixtj'-eight  years  of  age.  Dr. 
Gardiner  had  not  only  become  a  distinguished  physician  and 
surgeon,  but  was  engaged  largely  in  mercantile  ventures,  had 
considerable  property  invested  in  various  directions,  and  was 
the  owner  of  real  estate  amounting  to  a  hundred  thousand  acres 
of  land,  chiefly  in  the  district  of  Maine  (then  a  "district"  of 
Massachusetts),  including  what  is  now  the  city  of  Gardiner, 
where  he  had  built  an  Episcopal  Church,  seventeen  dwelling- 
houses,  mills,  smithies,  etc.  All  this  was  confiscated,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  part  he  took  in  the  Revolutionary  struggle 
and  his  own  departure  from  these  shores, —  under  what  con- 
Bishop  White."  A.  C.  Coxe,  "Remarks  marks  on  presentinsr  a  fragment  of  the 
on  the  A??ierican  Church."  —  American  Loyalist  Samuel  Quincy's  Diary  for 
Church  Revietu  for  January,  1872,  p.  41.        1776,  in  Proc.  Mass.  Hist.  Society,  for 

1  See    Mr.    Josiah    P.   Quincy's    Re-      January,  1882,  xix.  21 1-214. 
VOL.  II.  —  23 


354  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

ditions,   it  is  for  his  own  words   to  tell.     We  copy  here  from 
some  of  the  letters  of  his  exile:  — 

Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner  to  Col.  Oliver  Whipple. 

Halifax,  May  9,  1776. 

.  .  .  The  General  gave  them  [the  refugees]  all  the  assistance  he 
could  by  assigning  them  some  places  in  the  Transports  ;  but  there  was  not 
room  to  carry  off  any  of  their  effects  and  but  very  little  of  their  House- 
hold furniture,  and  what  they  did  was  chiefly  distroy'd  or  stolen  by  the 
Soldiers  or  Saylors.  On  their  arival  at  this  miserable  place,  it  was  with 
the  greatest  difficulty  they  could  get  Houses  to  screen  themselves  from 
the  weather.  Houses  did  I  say  ?  they  hardly  deserve  that  name  ;  the 
wretched  inhabitants  took  every  advantage  of  our  Misfortunes,  and  made 
us  pay  at  the  rate  of  50  ^  "^  ann  for  Houses  that  would  not  before  rent 
for  five  Pounds,  &  had  the  conscience  to  make  us  pay  50^-.  a  load  for 
load  wood  that  would  not  fetch  Ten  shillings  y''  load  before  our  arrival.^ 
...  I  don't  believe  there  ever  was  a  People  in  any  age  or  part  of  the 
World,  that  enjoy'd  so  much  liberty  as  the  people  of  America  did  under 
the  mild  indulgent  Government  (God  bless  it)  of  England,  and  never  was 
a  people  under  a  worser  state  of  Tyranny  than  at  present.  .  .  . 

The  19th  April  cut  me  off  from  all  my  Estate  in  the  Country  both  in 
Lands,  Mortgage,  bond,  and  book  Debts  ;  and  now  being  drove  from 
Boston,  have  lost  all  the  rest  [of]  my  estate  there,  both  Stock  in  trade 
and  the  income  of  my  Houses,  that  I  have  nothing  now  left  I  can  call 
my  own  but  about  ^^400  in  Cash  which  I  happen'd  to  have  by  me.  By 
this  cursed  rebellion  I  am  drove  to  this  wretched  place,  and  from  a  state 
of  Affluence  (could  truly  say  I  did  not  know  a  want)  to  a  mere  state  of 
indigency ;  that  is  to  say,  when  this  poor;^4oo  is  gone  God  only  knows 
what  I  shall  do.  For  the  present  I  purpose  staying  here  during  this 
summer's  campaign,  to  see  if  it  will  give  the  King's  Troops  a  footing  in 
some  part  of  America  ;  if  it  should  not,  I  purpose  going  to  some  part  of 
the  West  Indies  or  in  some  Town  in  England  or  Ireland,  for  the  severity 
and  length  of  the  Winter  in  this  place  and  badness  of  the  Houses  will 
render  it  impossible  for  me  to  stay  here  during  the  Winter  season.^ 

1  Halifax  was  at  this  time  a  very  re-  wallis  as  governor,  Aug.  3, 1752.  Thomas 

cent  settlement.  In  Haliburton's  History  Hancock  was  Agent   for   the   Province 

of  Nova  Scotia  (vol.  i.  chap,  iv.),  we  find  of  Nova  Scotia  at  Boston.    {Nova  Scotia 

that  a  town  was  built  at  Chebucto  har-  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.  ii.  64.)     The  population 

bor  called  Halifax,  and  settled  by  officers  of  Halifax  had  dwindled  till  it  reached 

and  privates  lately  dismissed  from  the  about  1200  in  1776. 
army  and  navy,  to  whom  large  bounties  ^  John   Perkins  to  Gardiner  Greene, 

of  land  were  granted,  nearly  4000  adven-  Halifax,  Aug.  2,  1776:  "...  In  short, 

turers  accepting  the  offer.    They  set  sail  one  half  of  Boston  is  now  in  England, 

in  May,  1749,  under  Hon.  Edward  Corn-  and  they  tell  me  that  the  Bostonians  are 

wallis,  whom  the   King   had   appointed  so   thick   about  the  streets   of   London 

governor.     July  14  he  organized  a  civil  that  it  is  imagined  selectmen,  wardens, 

government,  with   Paul    Mascarene   the  &c.,  will    be  chosen  there  according   to 

first  member  of  the  Council.     Peregrine  the  old  Bostonian  method." — Mass.  Hist. 

Thomas  Hopson,  Esq.  succeeded  Corn-  Soc.  Proc,  for  June,  1873,  x"'-  62. 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  355 

Dr.  Sylvester  Gardifier  to  Mr.  James  Bowdoin. 

Poole  [Dorset],  April  lo,  1782. 
...  I  think  my  Self  hardly  dealt  by,  since  I  left  my  country,  in  which 
I  broke  no  law.  I  never  bore  arms  against  her,  nor  entered  into  any 
association  declaration  or  Subscription  against  her  during  the  Blockade 
of  which  there  were  many ;  and  Since. ^  My  leaving  the  Province  was 
rather  a  misfortune  than  a  Fault ;  had  I  lived  in  any  other  Town  in  the 
Province  except  Boston,  there  would  not  have  been  the  Same  induce- 
ment for  my  leaving  it.  Our  accounts  were  then  very  disagreeable  from 
the  country,  whether  true  or  false  I  dont  pretend  to  say.  They  breathed 
nothing  but  punishment  to  those  that  did  not  leave  the  Town  during  the 
blockade.  This  is  the  true  and  only  reason  for  my  leaving  the  Province 
at  the  time  I  did  and  remov'd  into  a  neighbouring  one.  In  this  I  broke 
no  Law  of  the  Province,  nor  any  other  Law  that  I  knew  of,  and  where 
there  is  no  Law,  there  cannot  be  any  Transgression.  In  tliis  my  conduct 
was  regulated  by  the  strictest  rules  of  freedom  and  liberty  as  we  then 
enjoyed  it ;  and  for  this  innocent  action,  I  have  been  proscribed,  my 
Estate  Seized,  without  ever  being  heard  in  my  own  defence  !  ^  Is  this 
the  liberty  my  countrymen  are  Seeking  after?  if  so,  I  am  afraid  it  will 
end  rather  in  tyranny.  It  has  been  said  of  the  Dutch,  and  I  believe 
with  too  much  truth,  that  they  were  fighting  so  long  for  their  Religion 
and  liberty,  until  they  had  neither  the  one  nor  the  other  left.  I  hope  this 
will  not  be  the  unhappy  fate  of  my  good  countrymen,  who  when  they 
reflect  coolly  and  will  Suffer  reason  to  take  place  of  party  rage  and  preju- 
dice, they  will  I  am  sure  make  me  Such  restitution  that  I  am  entitled  to 
by  the  laws  of  God  and  my  country.  .  .  .  God  grant  us  all  grace  to  put 
an  end  to  this  devouring  war,  so  contrary  to  our  most  holy  religion,  and 
unite  us  once  more  in  that  bond  of  Peace  and  brotherly  union,  so  neces- 
sary to  the  happiness  of  both  countries. 

Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner  to  Col.   Whipple? 

Poole,  May  17,  17S4. 
...  I  dont  believe  these  infamous  Villains  [who  tried  to  get  hold  of 
his  estate  at  low  valuation]  can  be  matched  without  it  is  from  the  worst 
that  the  bottomless  Pitt  consists  of.  .   .   . 

1  This   may   perhaps   refer  to   some  "  Fine  of  £';po  for  masters  of  vessels 

such   action   as   the  following,  whether  bringing    them,    or   any   one    harboring 

adopted  or  only  proposed  : —  them."  —  On  the  Mistaken  Treatment  of 

"  State  of  Massachusetts  Bay,"  1778.  the  Tories,  see  Upham's  Life  of  Timothy 

"  An  Act  to  prevent  the  return  to  this  Pickerini;,  ii.  114  etc. 

state  of  certain  persons  therein  named,  -  He  was  especially  aggrieved  by  the 

and  others,  v;ho  have  left  this  state,  or  "  Seizing  and  carrying  off  all  my  stock 

either  of  the  United  States,  and  joined  of    drugs  and  medicines,  by   that  theif 

the  enemies  thereof.  .  .  .  Washington."  —  Letter   from     London, 

"Pains   of  death  without   benefit   of  CirA'/v;-,  1783.     Cf.  page  311,  ««/,?. 

clergy.  ...  ^  The   following   lines   may   perhaps 


356  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

London,  July  20*,  1784. 

.  .  .  They  are  still  in  a  state  of  Frenzy,  and  tliink  their  Country  the  land 
of  promise,  where  every  body  is  pushing  to,  but  the  impartial  View  is  in 
a  different  light,  as  a  state  of  Tyranny,  &  Oppression,  destitute  of  every 
blessing  to  be  found  in  this  enlightned  Age,  among  the  nations  of 
Europe. 

The  Claims  on  my  Estate,  have  been  most  cruel  &  unjust,  &  I  am  at 
loss  to  say,  who  are  the  greatest  Villains,  those  that  made  the  demands, 
or  those  that  allowed  them.     There  is  not  Justly  ^100  due  to  them  all.^ 

To  Paul  Revere. 

Poole,  Feb.  14,  1785. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  lately  received  your  favour  of  the  10""  of  December  &  agreable 
to  your  desire  I  have  wrote  to  Col.  Hamilton  that  he  would  give  direc- 
tions to  his  attorney  M''  John  Wheelwright  to  give  you  the  offer  of  his 
House,  which  I  dare  say  he  will,  &  which  you  will  be  made  acquainted 
with. 

I  Shall  always  be  ready  to  render  you  or  any  of  my  old  friends  in 
Boston  every  Service  in  my  Power,  altho  we  Should  not  as  you  Say  agree 
in  Politicks  ;  that  ought  not  to  make  any  difference  between  Gentlemen 
of  liberal  Sentiments  any  more  than  if  they  did  not  look  like  each  other. 
The  contrary  is  only  practiced  by  those  whose  minds  have  been  tied 
down  by  falsehood  &  error,  to  criminate  the  innocent.  God  forgive  all 
Such  &  grant  they  may  see  their  error  &  for  the  future  practice  those 
duties  so  essential  to  true  happiness,  by  doing  Justice,  loving  mercy  &  to 
do  unto  all  men  as  they  would  they  Should  do  unto  them :  this  is  the  law 
&  the  Prophets,  &  if  he  will  enter  into  life  keep  the  commandments,  Says 
our  blessed  Saviour.  My  respectful  compliments  attend  all  enquiring 
friends,  &  I  remain  as  I  ever  was, 

Your  friend  &  very  humble 

SiLV.  Gardiner. 

Dr.  Gardiner^  returned  to  America  and  made  his  home  in 
Newport,  R.  I.,  where  he  died  in  1786.     The  iron  had  entered 

throw  some  light  on  the  circumstances  cento    estate,  —  total,  ;^9,300.      {From 

under  which  this  letter  was  written  :  —  Mrs.  Elton.) 

"...  No  one  in  town,  I  believe,  will  2  Y\Tq  have  already  spoken  in  detail 

be   moor   happy   than    I    shall  on  your  of  Dr.  Gardiner's  family  in   a  previous 

return  to  see  you  again    in  possession  chapter    (ante,  p.   147).     See    Notice  of 

of  them  [the  pews].     Thank  God,   No  Dr.  Gardiner,  with  an  engravhig  of  Cop- 

Confistications     have     taken     place    in  ley's  portrait,  in  W.  .S.  Bartlet's  "  Life  of 

Church."  — John    Haskins    to    Dr.    S.  the    Rev.    Jacob    Bailey,"  pp.  290-293. 

Gardiner.     Boston,   18  April,  1784.  Also,  an  interesting  sketch  of  his  early 

^  Dr.  Gardiner's   schedule   of   losses  years    (partly   fanciful),    by    Esther    B. 

estimates  his  loss  in  real  estates  in  Bos-  Carpenter,  in  "  Old  and  New,"  Septem- 

ton,  in  timber,  stock,  etc.,  drugs,  medi-  ber,  1S74. 
cines,  and  depredations  on  his  Cobbis- 


J:  u/xAVuruiA^ 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  357 

deeply  into  his  soul,  of  his  disagreement  with  the  son  who  had 
differed  widely  from  him  in  those  matters  of  State  and  Church 
which  he  held  dearest,  and  in  his  will  he  wrote :  — 

"  To  the  said  John  Gardiner  himself,  I  give  only  the  sum  of  one  guinea 
out  of  my  estate,  and  it 's  my  will  and  order  he  shall  have  no  more." 

Dr.  Gardiner's  second  son,  John,  born  in  Boston,^  was  edu- 
cated a  lawyer,  being  sent  early  to  London,  where  he  studied 
his  profession  in  the  Inner  Temple  under  Sir  Charles  Pratt, 
better  known  as  Lord  Chancellor  Camden,  and  afterwards  prac- 
tised extensively  in  the  courts  at  Westminster.  An  ardent  re- 
publican, he  was  the  friend  of  the  poet  Churchill  and  of  John 
Wilkes,  of  whom  he  made  a  brilliant  defence  at  his  trial-  in 
1763.  "In  gaining  his  case,  Gardiner  lost  the  favor  of  Lord 
Mansfield,  before  whom  the  trial  was  held,  who  procured  him 
the  appointment  of  Attorney-General  of  St.  Kitts  as  an  honor- 
able banishment."  Here  he  took  such  an  active  part  in  poli- 
tics as  a  Whig  as  to  make  it  expedient  for  him  to  quit  the 
island,  and  after  remaining  a  short  time  in  Jamaica  he  returned 
to  Martinique,  where  he  took  office  under  the  French.^  During 
the  American  Revolution,  owing  to  his  strong  Whig  principles, 
his  position  at  St.  Christopher's  became  so  distasteful  to  him 
that  he  resigned  and  returned  to  Boston  in  1783,  where  he  en- 
deavored, with  some  success,  to  recover  a  portion  of  his  father's 
confiscated  estates.  In  a  letter  to  Dr.  Gardiner  on  this  subject, 
he  says:  *'  I  had  an  interview  yesterday  with  your  friends  Han- 
cock, .  .  .  Samuel  Adams,  Dr.  Cooper,  &c.,  [who]  received  me 
with  the  greatest  cordiality,  and  General  Washington,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  letters  of  the  French  ministry,  overwhelmed  me 
with  civilities  during  the  four  days  I  stayed  with  him."  On  this 
visit  to  General  Washington,  Mr.  Gardiner  was  accompanied  by 
his  son,  afterwards  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Sylvester  John  Gardiner, 
at  that  time  about  eighteen  years  of  age.  In  October,  1783,  he 
petitioned  the  General  Court,  "  Although  the  Father  hath  eaten 
sour  Grapes,  yet  your  Petitioner's  Teeth  ha\'e  not  been  set  on 
edge,  —  his  political  opinions  have  been,  and  are  in  total,  the  very 

1  It   is  commonly  said  that  be  was  and  eloquence  displayed  by  him  in  this 

"born    in    1731."     He  was    baptized    at  celebrated  trial. 
Trinity,  Dec.  11,  i737.     See  aide,  p.  147.  ^  Manuscript  Notice  of  John   Gardi- 

"^  His  grandson,  the  late  Hon.  Wil-  tier,  by  his  nephew,  the  late  Robert  H. 

liam  H.  Gardiner,  possessed  a  ])iece  of  Gardiner,  Esq.     The  island  of  St  Chris- 

platf,  bearing  his  coat  of  arms,  which  topher  was  alternately  in  the  possession 

had  been  presented  to  John  Gardiner  by  of  the   English  and  French,  till  it  was 

his  friends,  in  admiration  of  the  courage  ceded  to  the  English  in  the  peace  of  1783. 


358  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

reverse  of  his  said  Father's,"  and  prayed  not  to  be  "visited  for 
the  poHtical  sins  and  offences  of  his  said  Father."  "  His  efforts 
to  abohsh  entails,  and  the  remaining  rights  of  primogeniture,  as 
also  to  simplify  and  economize  the  practice  of  the  law,  by  doing 
away  with  special  pleading  and  the  somewhat  exclusive  restric- 
tions upon  the  admission  of  Attorneys  —  known  as  the  bar- 
call —  justly  earned  him  the  title  of  law-reformer."  ^  A  Fourth 
of  July  oration,  delivered  in  Boston,  1785,  by  John  Gardiner,  is 
dedicated  "  To  the  First  Citizen  in  the  World,  The  Most  Illus- 
trious George  Washington,  Esq.,  late  Commander-in-Chief  of 
the  forces  of  the  free  United  States  of  America,  with  the  most 
affectionate  respect.  By  his  most  obliged  fellow-citizen.  The 
Author."^     It  contains  the  following  allusion  to  Bunker  Hill: 

"  Again  the  battle  bleeds  ;  nor  do  fair  freedom's  sons  give  way  till 
their  whole  stock  of  ammunition  's  quite  expended.  .  .  .  Regardless  of 
his  precious  life,  disdaining  shameful  flight,  the  illustrious  Warren  falls, 
his  country's  hero  and  his  country's  pride  !  What  though  within  these 
hallowed  walls  his  mouldering  relicks  lie,  without  a  sculptured  stone  to 
mark  the  spot,  yet  shall  his  fame  be  known,  his  memory  live,  to  latest 
ages  !  " 

John  Gardiner,  his  wife  Margaret,  and  children  —  Ann,  John 
Sylvester  John,  and  William  —  were  naturalized  by  special  act 
of  the  Legislature,  Feb.  13,  1784.  The  Act  says:  "While  a 
minor  [he]  was,  by  his  father,  sent  to  Great  Britain  for  his  edu- 
cation, where  for  a  succession  of  years  he  remained  a  distin- 
guished friend  to,  and,  through  a  vicissitude  of  fortune,  hath 
continued  an  avowed  and  inflexible  assertor  of,  the  rights  and 
liberties  of  his  native  country,  and  a  bold  opposer  of  the 
enemies  thereof" 

"  In  1786,  his  wife  being  deceased,  he  removed  to  Pownalboro'  with 
his  three  children,  to  property  bequeathed  to  him.  .  .  .  He  .  .  .  induced 
his  brethren  to  resume  the  legal  costume,  which  had  been  laid  aside.  To 
prevent  walking  through  the  street  in  their  gowns,  they  agreed  to  robe  at 
the  house  of  Judge  Tudor,  which  was  next  to  the  court  house.  The  custom 
was  not  of  long  continuance.  It  was  said  to  have  been  given  up  from  a 
countryman  hearing  Hitchborn,  in  his  gown,  utter  a  volley  of  oaths  to  a 
man  with  whom  he  was  bargaining  for  a  load  of  wood,  and  expressing 
his  astonishment  to  all  his  friends  how  the  Boston  parsons  would  swear. 
.  .  .   He  would  attend  services  at  Trinity  Church,  where  his  son,  adher- 

1  Life  of  James  Sullivan,  by  Thomas  ^  This  oration  was  delivered  in  "  the 

C.  Amory,  i.  p.  270,  wherein  is  a  notice  Stone  Chapel."  —  Massachusetts  Centinel. 
of  John  Gardiner. 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  359 

ing  to  the  ancient  faith,  was  assistant  minister,  for  he  said  he  must  hear 
Jack  preach,  and  would  make  the  responses  from  his  altered  book  while 
the  people  were  repeating  from  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer.'- 

At  a  meeting  called  at  Faneuil  Hall,  in  October,  1791,  at  the  instigation 
of  Gardiner  and  other  friends  of  the  drama,  the  Boston  members  were 
instructed  to  procure,  if  possible,  the  repeal  of  the  law  against  Theatres.^ 
It  failed,  however,  for  the  time,  to  accomplish  its  objects ;  the  report 
against  the  repeal  being  accepted  by  99  out  of  143.^ " 

In  religion  Mr.  Gardiner  was  a  Unitarian,  and  was  a  principal 
mover  in  transforming  the  King's  Chapel,  of  which  he  was  a 
Vestryman  from  1785  till  1787,  into  a  Unitarian  Society.  He 
had,  says  Updike,  an  astonishing  memory,  was  an  admirable 
belles  lettrcs  scholar,  learned  in  his  profession,  and  particularly 
distinguished  for  his  wit  and  eloquence.  He  married  Margaret 
Harries,  a  lady  of  excellent  family,  in  Wales.  He  was  lost  at  sea, 
on  a  voyage  from  Maine,  whence  he  was  coming  as  a  representative 
to  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts,  in  the  packet  "  Londoner," 
off  Cape  Ann,  Oct.  17,  1793.  "  He  had  dreamed  of  being 
drowned   on  the  trip;    but  he  laughed  at  such  superstitions."'^ 

We  subjoin  a  few  letters  which  have  been  furnished  by  the 
kindness  of  Mrs.  Margaret  A.  Elton  :  — 

jfohii   Gardiner  to  Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner. 

St.  Kitts'  the  18  Jany  1783. 
.  .  .  P.  S.  If  you  direct  to  me  to  the  care  of  Governour  Hancock  or 
Mr  Edward  Church,  Merchant  in  Boston,  your  Letters  may  reach  me  — 
but  not  one  word  of  Politicks  for  God's  sake,  as  I  know  not  yet  the  Dis- 
position of  the  People  there.  I  am  a  staunch,  thorough  revolution 
Whig,  you  know  —  &  abhor  all  Kingcraft  &  all  Priestcraft.     Such  have 

^  Willis's  History  of  the  Law,  the  which  have  more  than  a  family  interest 
Courts,  and  the  Lawyers  of  Maine,  pp.  and  are  tangible  reminders  of  two  promi- 
117-122.  nent  members  of  this  Church  before  the 
[The  manuscript  Notice  of  John  Gar-  Revolution.  They  are  the  seals  worn 
diner  referred  to  in  a  foot-note  on  page  upon  the  watch-fobs  of  his  ancestors, 
357  has  been  shown  to  us  by  Robert  H.  Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner  and  Robert  Hal- 
Gardiner,  Esq.  (H.  C.  1876).  In  it  we  lowell,  the  Comptroller  of  the  Customs, 
find  the  interesting  statement  that  John  and  cut  with  the  armorial  bearings  of 
Gardiner  gave  to  his  sister,  Mrs.  Hannah  their  respective  families. —  Editor] 
(Gardiner)  Hallowell,  "  a  copy  of  the  -  His  speech,  not  delivered,  was 
altered  Liturgy,  and  signed  his  name  to  printed,  with  learned  notes, 
the  Preface  to  show  that  he  was  its  ^  h.\noxy\  Life  of  James  SuUivan,\.2']\. 
author."  *  Augustus  T.  Perlviiis,  Sketch  of  the 

A  fine  portrait  of  John  Gardiner  by  Family  of  Dumaresq,  in  New-Eng.  Hist. 

Copley  is  owned  by  Charles  P.  Gardiner,  and   Gen.  Register,  jrvii.  317-324.     See 

Esq.,  of  Brookline.  also    Loring's  LIundred  Boston  Orators, 

In  the  possession  of  Robert  II.  Gardi-  pp.  168-172,  for  an  extended  account  of 

ner,  Esq.  (II.  C.  1876),  are  two  heirlooms  John  Gardiner. 


360  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

been  my  Principles  since  I  could  judge  for  myself,  &  such  I  trust  will  be 
the  Principles  I  shall  carry  with  me  to  the  Grave.  I  have  however 
borne  a  Place  here  under  his  most  Christian  Majesty  which  I  have  dis- 
charged the  Duties  of  with  the  utmost  Fidelity  &  Integrity  &  without  the 
least  View  to  Gain  —  &  in  such  a  manner  as  I  should  have  served  his 
Britannick  majesty  had  I  been  entrusted.  .  .  . 

jfohn   Gardiner  to  Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner. 

Boston,  14  July,  1783. 
...  It  would  be  madness  for  you  to  think  of  attempting  to  return 
here  at  least  untill  matters  were  more  settled,  &  the  Passions  of  men 
were  more  cooled.  .  .  .  Were  the  State  to  admit  it,  nothing  could  pro- 
tect you  from  the  Insults  of  the  lower  Class.  .  .  . 

jfohn  Gardiner  to  Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner. 

Boston,  19  July,  1783. 
My  dear  &  ever  honored  Sir  !  ^ 

.  .  .  Your  Plaudits  to  the  Souldiers,  when  they  had  returned  from  the 
Islands  in  this  Harbour,  &  had  boasted  of  the  Number  of  Rebells  (as 
they  called  them)  which  they  had  killed,  are  mentioned  here  much  to 
your  Disadvantage  :  and  the  whole  Conduct  of  your  late  Wife,  during  the 
Seige,  is  mentioned  even  by  your  Friends,  with  uncommon  Asperity.  In 
short,  you  are  among  the  most  obnoxious,  after  the  Mandamus  Council- 
men  &  Commissioners  of  the  Customs.  Perhaps  a  few  Years  will  eradi- 
cate Prejudices  &  soften  the  Temper  of  this  People,  who  have  endured 
much  &  freely  offered  their  Lives  in  the  late  glorious  Struggle  with 
Tyrants  &  Oppressors,  &  to  their  immortal  Honor  have  made  their 
Country  free.  .  .  .  Jack  is  with  me,  &  bids  you  to  be  a  good  Whig. 
Algernon  Sidney  upon  Government  is  his  daily  Catachism.  Persons  who 
cherish  monarchical  Principles  can  never  live  easily  in  a  Republican 
Government.  My  Principles  accord  more  happily  with  the  new  State, 
whose  Constitution  I  think  admirable  —  &  here  I  hope  to  end  my  days.  .  .  . 
I  have  renounced  the  name  of  Englishman.  [Speaks  of  his  maladies.] 
.  .  .  Die  when  I  will,  however,  I  will  not  die  an  Hypocrite,  either  religious, 
moral  or  political.  I  believe  the  Gospel  &  the  Divinity  of  my  adorable 
Redeemer  —  I  have  ever  loved  &  constantly  adhered  to  the  Truth  &  my 
Politicks  I  think  right,  &  therefore  should  be  a  Villain  to  deny.  .  .  . 

yoh?t  Gardiner  to  Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner. 

April  22^,  1784. 
My  dear  &  ever-honored  Sir, 

...  It  is  supposed  that  the  present  most  indecent  &  improper  Act 
relating  to  the  Refugees  will  be  repealed  by  the  next  General  Court. 
But,  supposing  the  worst  —  supposing  it  be  not  repealed,  you  can,  under 

1  All  his  letters  begin  in  this  way. 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  361 

the  present  Act,  prefer  a  Petition  when  you  desire  [or,  '  arrive  ']  —  and  let 
it  be  a  manly  one.  State  the  Principles  you  were  educated  &  brought 
up  in,  that  you  had  enjoyed  your  Property  under  the  British  Govern- 
ment ;  —  that  at  the  Time  you  withdrew  the  regal  Government  was  not 
abolished  by  any  Act  of  the  States  ;  —  That,  as  you  had  adhered  to  that 
which  was  then  the  only  acknowledged  Government,  you  were  afraid, 
from  the  Confusion  &  Violence  of  the  Times  that  you  should  have  been 
insulted  &  injured,  &  therefore  that  you  withdrew  for  the  present,  never 
then  supposing  that  Things  would  have  been  carried  so  far  or  urged 
daily  to  such  Extremes  as  afterwards  took  Place.  That,  upon  Reflection, 
no  man  could  suppose  that  you  could  really  wish  ill  (however  erroneous 
your  political  Tenets  or  opinion  may  have  been)  to  that  Country  you  were 
born  in  &  where  all  your  Property  lay.  And  that  now,  convinced  of  your 
mistakes  &  sorry  for  what  has  passed,  you  hope  that  your  Country  would  in 
your  old  age  once  more  admit  you  to  her  Bosom  &  enable  you,  by  your 
future  Conduct,  to  convince  every  one  how  much  you  wish  to  die  in  her 
Peace  &  see  her  happy.  Something  to  this  or  the  like  effect  I  would 
humbly  propose  :  —  but  if  you  should  differ  from  me,  I  would  throw  your 
Thoughts  upon  Paper  in  the  best  way  I  am  able.  But  if  I  could  have 
the  happiness  to  see  you  for  one  Hour  before  I  die  I  should  then  die 
contented.  .  .  .  May  the  Giver  of  every  good  Gift  look  with  mercy  upon 
us  !  —  &  bless  &  preserve  you,  however  he  may  dispose  of  his  unworthy 
Servant.     Your  sincere,  faithful  &  aff.  though  much  injured  Son. 

jfohn  Gardiner  to  Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner. 

4"'  May,  1784. 

.  .  .  Understanding  from  my  Brother  that  he  had  put  Mr.  Haskins  & 
his  Son  in  Law,  Doctor  Cost  ^  into  the  Pews  at  the  Chapel,  on  Condi- 
tion of  their  paying  the  Taxes,  &  giving  up  one  or  both  when  the  Family 
or  any  of  them  might  be  here,  I  applied  to  have  one  of  them  as  soon  as 
mv  Family,  whom  I  daily  expect,  should  arrive  here.  This  occasioned 
Mr.  Haskins  to  call  upon  me  &  ask  me  to  spend  an  afternoon  with 
Him.  .  .  .  He  behaved  exceeding  civil  &  shewed  me  your  Letter  to 
Him,  written  in  January  last,  desiring  Him  to  keep  Possession  of  the 
Pews.  I  was  satisfied.  He  offered  me  a  Seat  for  myself,  saying  he 
would  make  one  of  his  Children  (of  whom  he  has  13)  go  &  sit  else- 
where :  — but  it  will  not  be  proper  for  me  to  separate  from  my  Family, 
&  as  there  are  a  great  Number  of  Places  of  religious  Worship  in  this 
Place  &  thank  God  I  am  no  bigot  —  all  Sects  of  protestaut  Christiatis 
are  to  me  alike,  tho'  I  prefer  certain  Services  in  the  Church  of  England 
to  any  other,  &  particularly  the  Communion  Service.  .  .  . 

The  British  army,  they  say,  destroyed  above  500  Houses  during  the 
Siege,  &  there  is  such  an  Liflux  of  Foreigners  &  Strangers  in  the  Town, 

1  Dr.  Thomas  Kast  is  here  referred  to. 


362  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

that   Rents  are  now  higlier  here   than  in  any  City  in   Europe,  &  no 
House  to  be  got.   .   .  . 

The  Rev.  John  Sylvester  John  Gardiner,  born  in  1765,  was 
sent  to  England  with  his  brother  William,  and  placed  under  the 
instruction  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Parr,  who  superintended  his 
education  until  his  eighteenth  year.  He  was  rector  of  Trinity 
Church,  Boston,  from  1805  until  the  time  of  his  death  in  1830. 
As  a  divine  he  was  conspicuous  for  his  virtues  and  eloquence; 
as  a  classical  scholar,  pre-eminent.  He  wrote  the  English  lan- 
guage with  great  purity  and  elegance,  "  and  was  not  without  a 
happy  talent  for  poetry."  ^ 

The  name  Dumaresq  has  already  appeared  once  or  twice  in 
the  foregoing  memorials  of  the  Loyalist  families  of  this  period. 
A  fuller  account  will  here  be  of  interest  by  its  connection  not 
only  with  the  history  of  that  time,  but  with  names  familiar  in  the 
present  generation. 

The  Dumaresq  family,  of  Norman  origin,  has  been  settled  in  Jersey  for 
the  last  six  hundred  years,  holding  from  the  earliest  historic  periods 
offices  of  trust  and  distinction  in  the  public  service.^  Philip  Dumaresq, 
second  son  of  Elias  Dumaresq  and  Frances  de  Carteret,  his  wife,  was  first 
a  Lieutenant  in  the  Royal  Navy.  At  the  death  of  his  mother,  having  in- 
herited a  part  of  her  fortune,  he  left  the  Navy,  and  bought  a  ship  in 
which  he  made  voyages  between  Havre,  Jersey,  and  Boston,  and  brought 
to  this  country  many  of  the  Huguenot  families,  the  descendants  of  whom 
are  still  to  be  found  here. 

At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  captain  and  owner  of  "  The  Young 
Eagle  Letter-of-Marque  of  30  guns,"  as  is  shown    by  his   commission 

1  The  Rev.  Dr.  Gardiner  preached  in  and  had  four  children  :  William  How- 
Trinity  Church,  JuneS,  181 1,  a  discourse  aid;  Charles,  died  young;  Louisa,  mar- 
entitled  "A  Preservative  against  Unita-  ried  John  Perkins  Gushing,  of  Watertown 
rianism,"  in  which  Unitarians  are  dealt  (now  Ijelmont) ;  and  Elizabeth,  died  un- 
with  in  a  most  unjust   and  ungenerous  married. 

spirit.     A  single  sentence  will  suffice  to  William  Howard  Gardiner  graduated 

show   its  temper:  "The  candour  of  an  first  in   his    class   at   Cambridge,  1816; 

Unitarian  resembles  the  humanity  of  a  married  Caroline,  daughter  of  Thomas 

revolutionary      Frenchman "'      (p.     22).  Handasyd     Perkins,    and    was    long    a 

Quoting   from    Soame   Jenyns    (ii.    287,  prominent  member  of  the   Suffolk   bar. 

Dublin    edition),    he    tells    his   hearers  He  had  six  children, 

that    "The   Unitarian  hopeth  for  noth-  2  gee   Genealogy  in  New-Eng.  Hist, 

ing  but  from  his    own   merits,   feareth  and  Genealogical    Register  (1S63),  xvii. 

nothing   from    his    own    depravity,    and  317-320.     The  account  given  in  the  text 

believeth  nothing  the   ground   of  which  is    chiefly    taken    from    an    article    by 

he  cannot  understand "  (p.  12).  Augustus  T.    Perkins   in   the    Heraldic 

Dr.  Gardiner  married  Mary,  daughter  Journal,  iii.  97. 
of  Col.  William  Howard,  of  Hallowell, 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  363 

from  Governor  Belcher  of  Massachusetts,  lately  found  among  the  papers 
of  'I'homas  Hancock,  witli  whom  he  seems  to  have  been  engaged  in 
business. 

He  married  in  Boston,  June  12,  171 6,  Susannah,  only  daughter  and 
heiress  of  Henry  Ferry,  formerly  of  Havre  de  Grace,  and  added  the 
quartering  of  Ferry  to  his  arms.  In  the  records  of  the  Probate  Court  of 
Boston,  we  find  that  Susannah  Dumaresq,  widow,  was  appointed,  30  Jan- 
uary, I  744,  guardian  of  her  "  son  Philip  Dumaresq,  a  minor  aged  about 
seven  years,  son  of  Philip  Dumaresq,  late  of  Boston,  mariner  deceased, 
with  full  power  to  receive  any  part  and  portion  of  estate  accruing  to  him 
in  right  of  his  grandfather  Elias  Dumaresq,  Lord  des  Augre's,  late  of  the 
Island  of  Jersey,  deceased,  and  Madam  Frances  de  Carteret,  his  wife,  also 
deceased." 

Philip  Dumaresq  and  Susannah  Ferry,  his  wife,  left  two  sons  and  five 
daughters  :  the  sons  were  Edward  (m.  Mary  Boutineau)  and  Philip  (m. 
Rebecca  Gardiner) ;  the  daughters  were  Susan  (first  wife  of  Mathew 
Saumerez,  the  father  of  Admiral  Lord  de  Saumerez),  Douce  (m.  George 
Bandinel  of  Jersey),  Elizabeth,  Anne  (m.  Nicholas  Mallet  of  Jersey), 
and  Frances. 

Philip,  second  son  of  Philip  Dumaresq  and  Susannah  Ferry,  his  wife, 
was  born  in  Boston,  1737.  With  his  sisters  he  was  sent  to  England  to 
be  educated.  He  returned  to  this  country  as  an  Aide-de-Camp  to 
Lord  Dunmore.  He  left  the  army,  and  married  at  the  King's  Chapel, 
Dec.  13,  1763,  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner.  He 
was  a  determined  Loyalist;  an  addresser  of  Hutchinson,  1774,  and 
of  Gage,  1775;  and  two  years  later,  says  Sabine,  was  proscribed  and 
banished.  He  retired  to  the  Island  of  New  Providence,  and  was  ap- 
pointed Collector  of  the  King's  Revenues  at  Nassau,  where  he  died.  He 
left  three  sons,  James,  Philip,  and  Francis,  and  six  daughters,  Anne, 
Rebecca,  Susan,  Frances,  Hannah,  and  Abigail. 

James,  eldest  son  of  Philip  and  Rebecca  Dumaresq,  was  born  in  Bos- 
ton, 1772.  With  his  brother  Philip,  afterwards  a  Commander  in  the 
Royal  Navy,  he  was  sent  to  England  and  educated  under  the  care  of  his 
kinsman,  Admiral  Thomas  Dumaresq.  Having  inherited  from  his  mother 
lands  in  Maine,  he  visited  Vassalboro,  where  he  married,  Oct.  17,  1797, 
Sarah  Farwell  of  that  place.  He  settled  at  Swan  Island,  and  lived  in  a 
house  built  by  Dr.  Gardiner,  his  grandfather,  where  he  remained  until  his 
death,  1826.  He  left  one  son,  Philip,  and  two  daughters,  Jane  Frances 
Dumaresq,  who  married  Thomas  Handasyd  Perkins,  junior,  and  Louisa 
Dumaresq,  who  married  Hon.  John  Rice  Blake. 

Philip  Dumaresq,  only  son  of  James  and  Sarah  Dumaresq,  was  born 
at  Swan  Island,  1804,  and  married,  June  9,  1836,  Margaretta,  daughter  of 
Francis  Deblois.  They  had  four  sons  :  Philip  Kerney  (m.  Sophia  Hurl- 
but),  James  Saumerez,  Herbert,  and  Francis  ;  and  three  daughters,  Marga- 
retta, Frances,  and  Florence  Saumerez,  who  married  George  Wheatland, 
junior. 


3^4 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


We  have  already  referred  ^  to  the  public  career  and  ser- 
vices of  Hon.  George  Richards  Minot  (175 8-1802),  who  as  a 
young  man  was  actively  interested  in  the  building  up  of  this 
congregation  after  the  long  interval  that  followed  Dr.  Caner's 
exile.2  His  name  may  be  held  to  represent  the  purest  patri- 
otism of  the  new  era  of  reconstruction  on  which  we  are  now 
entered,  as  well  as  its  finest  scholarship  and  its  best  social 
quality;  while  his  own  close  connection  with  the  life  of  King's 
Chapel,  continued  to  the  present  day  by  his  descendants,  makes 
a  more  extended  notice  here  especially  appropriate.  He  was 
the  youngest  son  of  Stephen  Minot,  a  Boston  merchant  whose 
estate  had  been  much  reduced  by  the  events  of  war;^  and  his 
conspicuously  honorable  though  too  brief  career  was  a  triumph 
of  high  principle  and  intelligence  over  a  delicacy  of  constitu- 
tional health  that  with  a  less  resolute  will  might  have  made  him 


1  ^«/^,  page  343.  See  also  p.  3So,/tfj-/'. 

2  See  Dr.  Greenwood's  tribute  to 
Governor  Gore,  who  also  joined  the 
Society  at  this  time,  in  which  he  refers 
to  Judge  Minot,  p.  479,  post. 

^  A  memoir  of  Judge  Minot  may  be 
found  in  a  pamphlet  reprinted  from  the 
"  Polyanthos  "  of  March,  1S06  (Boston, 
David  Clapp,  1873).  From  a  family  rec- 
ord in  the  New-Eng.  Hist,  and  Geneal. 
Register  (i.  171-17S,  256-262)  we  take 
most  of  the  particulars  which  follow. 

George  Minot  (i 594-1671),  the  first 
of  the  name  in  New  England,  was  son  of 
Thomas  Minot,  who  acquired  a  consid- 
erable estate  as  secretary  (or  steward)  of 
the  Abbot  of  Saffron  Walden,  in  Essex 
Co.,  England.  He  settled  early  in  the 
seventeenth  century,  in  Dorchester,  near 
the  Neponset,  and  was  proprietor  of  the 
peninsula  of  Squantum.  Of  his  four  sons 
the  eldest,  John  (1626-1669),  continued 
to  live  in  Dorchester.  His  third  son,  Ste- 
phen (born,  1662),  became  a  merchant 
in  Boston,  and  was  a  member  of  Brattle 
St.  Church  at  its  foundation  in  1699.  His 
wife  was  Mary,  daughter  of  Christopher 
Clarke,  and  mother  of  twelve  children. 
Of  these  the  eldest  son,  Stephen  (born, 
16S8),  had  by  his  first  wife,  Sarah  ( Wain- 
wright),  one  son,  Stephen  ;  he  afterwards 
married  Mary  Brown,  who  became  the 
mother  of  eleven  children.  Stephen 
Minot  (i7ii-i787),the  father  of  George 
Richards  Minot,  was  a  Harvard  graduate 


of  1730,  and  married  Sarah,  daughter  of 
Jonas  Clark,  a  Boston  merchant.  Of 
their  ten  children  —  the  sixth  generation 
in  New  England  —  we  here  record  the 
names  of  these  four:  — 

Jonas-Clark  (born,  1738),  the  eldest, 
married  Hannah  Speakman,  and  had  four 
daughters,  of  whom  the  eldest,  Hannah 
(1780-1860),  married  William  Gordon 
Weld,  of  Roxbury  (Jamaica  Plain),  and 
was  the  mother  of  eleven  children  ;  the 
youngest,  Sarah  (17S7-1869),  whose  por- 
trait by  Trumbull  is  in  the  Boston  Art 
Museum,  married  her  kinsman  Stephen 
Minot,  with  whom  she  lived  for  some 
years  in  Calcutta,  where  was  born  their 
only  child,  Susan  Inman.  Francis 
(1746-1774),  was  of  frail  health,  but  of 
the  finest  and  noblest  personal  traits, 
and  was  held  by  Dr.  Freeman  to  have 
had  much  to  do  with  shaping  the  char- 
acter and  career  of  his  younger  brother. 
He  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-eight  in 
Marlborough.  Sarah  (1749-17S6),  the 
only  daughter,  married  Gilbert  War- 
ner Speakman.  George-Richards 
(1758-1804),  the  youngest  child,  married 
Mary  Speakman.  Their  children  were 
William  (17S3-1873  :  see  below,  p.  367), 
who  married  Louisa,  sister  of  Admiral 
Charles  Henry  Davis,  and  whose  sons, 
George-Richards,  William,  and  Francis, 
have  been  well-known  Boston  citizens  of  a 
later  generation  ;  and  Jane,  wife  of  Henry 
Dwight  Sedgwick,  Esq.,  of  New  York. 


^C^.    ^  ^y^-6^<i^t^c/^ 


,J^^pn/y€tyJKrj'^i'€i^',^u  ■  t^/i'rtj/e^^t/^^/JMa^^r/m/Jt'C^Mr^ii*^',^//^  .  m^m^^: 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  365 

a  lifelong  invalid.     From  a  newspaper  sketch  by  a  friend,  pub- 
lished not  long  after  his  death,  we  copy  the  following:  — 

This  gendeman  was  born  in  Boston,  in  December,  1758,  and,  after 
profiting  by  all  the  advantages  resulting  from  the  best  education  our 
country  can  bestow,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  in  1781.  As  he  possessed 
a  delicacy  of  temperament  ill  suited  to  that  tumultuous  and  jarring  profes- 
sion, he  early  left  the  wrangling  of  the  Forum,  to  exercise  his  talents  and 
integrity  as  private  counsel.  In  this  situation  he  increased  his  legal 
knowledge,  indulged  his  honorable  preventive  skill,  and  left  others  to 
profit  by  the  soundness  of  his  judgment;  and  often  will  his  opinions  be 
quoted  when  the  most  eloquent  harangues  may  be  forgotten. 

In  May,  1782,  he  was  appointed  Clerk  to  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives ;  which  office  he  filled  with  great  reputation  for  ten  years,  and  then 
resigned  it,  and  received  the  unanimous  thanks  of  the  House,  which  were 
voted  to  be  specially  presented  to  him  by  the  Speaker.  In  this  station 
he  acquired  that  political  knowledge  and  temperate  system  of  reasoning 
on  the  motives  and  actions  of  parties,  which  secured  to  him  a  complete 
independence  of  sentiment  during  the  tempestuous  season  which  has  so 
long  continued  to  distract  and  divide  our  country.  He  learnt  and  deeply 
felt  the  importance  of  the  conviction  to  his  beloved  fellow  citizens,  "  that 
to  obey  the  laws  was  to  reign  with  him." 

In  1782  he  delivered  and  published  an  oration,  at  the  request  of  the 
inhabitants  of  the  town,  on  the  subject  [the  "  Boston  Massacre  "]  that  first 
sounded  the  tocsin,  in  the  eventful  night  of  the  5th  of  March,  1770, 
which  was  an  epoch  that  led  to  the  Revolution  afterwards  so  gloriously 
effected.  In  1788  he  published  the  History  of  the  Insurrection  [of 
Daniel  Shays]  in  Massachusetts.  Of  this  work  it  may  be  said  that  it  was 
without  a  rival  in  any  previous  provincial  publication.  In  January,  1 7  89,  he 
was  admitted  a  member  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
and  died  an  officer  of  that  respectable  association.  He  was  among  the 
first  twelve  original  members  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society ;  ^ 
and  it  must  be  unnecessary  to  add  that  a  man  of  his  indefatigable  re- 
search and  patience  of  detail  was  one  of  its  most  distinguished  associates. 

In  1792  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  Probate  for  the  County  of  Suffolk, 
and  sustained  that  arduous  office  until  his  death.  For  this  station  he  was 
admirably  qualified.  Mildness,  patience,  knowledge,  philanthropy,  and 
feeling  endeared  him  to  all  the  suitors  of  that  Court,  as  the  inflexible 
guardian  of  the  widow,  and  the  orphan's  friend. 

In  May,  1795,  he  delivered  a  discourse  to  the  members  of  the  Chari- 
table Fire  Society.  He  was  one  of  the  principal  founders  of  that  institu- 
tion, and  died  its  President.  This  literary  effort  to  aid  its  fund  has  been 
annually  pursued  since,  and  it  largely  contributed  to  the  humane  views  of 
its  supporters.     In  January,  1799,  he  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the 

1  He  served  the  Historical  Society  on  cessively  its  Recording  Secretary,  Cabi- 
its  Standing  Committee,  and   was   sue-     net  Keeper,  Liljrarian,  and  Treasurer. 


366  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Court  of  Common  Pleas,  for  the  County  of  Suffolk  ;  and  the  gentlemen 
of  the  bar  know  best  how  to  appreciate  the  learning  and  benignity  that 
could  change  the  professional  arena  of  a  Court  House  into  a  hall  of 
cheerfulness  and  dispatch. 

In  all  capital  seaports,  larcenies  and  petty  crimes  are  numerous.  To 
relieve  the  heavy  expense  of  the  town  of  Boston,  arising  from  this  source, 
and  if  possible  to  check  the  evil,  an  application  was  made  to  the  Legis- 
lature to  establish  a  peculiar  Municipal  Court,  whose  business  should  be 
exclusively  criminal,  and  by  its  frequent  meetings  supersede  in  this  respect 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  Quarter  Sessions.  This  plan  was  carried  into  effect. 
The  Court  was  erected,  and  in  May,  1800,  Judge  Minot  was  commis- 
sioned sole  Justice.  The  great  number  of  cases  that  have  come  before 
that  Court  since  his  appointment,  demonstrates  the  utility  of  the  system. 
In  no  causes  more  than  in  criminal  prosecutions,  ought  trials  to  be  prompt 
and  without  delay.  The  humanity  that  tempered  the  severity  of  offended 
justice,  whilst  it  excited  his  reverence,  satisfied  the  victim  that  his  Judge 
considered  that  protection  was  the  aim,  and  reform,  not  ruin,  the  sole  end 
of  the  law.^ 

On  the  twenty-eighth  of  May,  1802,  a  few  weeks  after  the 
death  of  George  Richards  Minot,  a  eulogy  upon  him  had  been 
spoken  by  the  Hon.  John  Quincy  Adams,  in  a  public  address,^ 
characterizing  him  as  "  to  vice  a  merciful  but  inflexible  judge  ;  to 
misfortune  a  compassionate  friend ;  to  the  widow  a  protector  of 
her  rights;  to  the  orphan  one  in  place  of  a  father;  in  every 
station  which  the  voice  of  his  country  called  him  alternately  to 
fill  [one  who]  displayed  that  individual  endowment  of  the  mind, 
and  that  peculiar  virtue  of  the  heart,  which  was  most  essential 
to  the  useful  performance  of  its  functions."^  Seventy-one  years 
later,  on  the  twelfth  of  June,  1873,  the  Hon.  Charles  Francis 
Adams,  before  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  said  of  the 
son,  William  Minot :  "  Though  never  taking  any  prominent  part 
in  the  public  action  of  life,  no  person  passed  his  days  in  the  per- 

1  Bosto7i  Gazette,  March  i,  1S02.  tention  and  Esteem  of  all  his  Acquaint- 

We  here   append   a    brief   memorial  ance,  and  greatly  endeared   him   to  all 

notice   of   the   elder   brother,  to  whom  his  near  Relations  and  Friends: — His 

(as  before  noted)   the  younger  appears  Years  were  few,  but  his  Life  was  long, 

to  have  been  so  deeply  indebted  :  —  if  Wisdom  be  the  grey  Hair  to  Man,  and 

"  On    Thursday    last    died   at    Marl-  an    unspotted  Life   old   Age."  —  Boston 

borough   of   a   lingering    Disorder,  Mr.  Evening  Post,   No.   2045,   for    Monday, 

FrancisMinot,  of  this  Town,  Merchant,  Dec.  5,  1774. 

and  Son   of  Mr.  Stephen  Minot : — The  ^  Tq    the    Members   of    the    Massa- 

remarkable  Piety,  and  Prudence  of  this  chusetts  Charitable  Fire  Society,  printed 

young    Gentleman,    his    exemplary   De-  in  part  in  i  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  viii.  105- 

portment  in  all  the  early  Walks  of  Life,  109. 

his  uncommon  Sweetness  of  Temper  and  ^  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proc.  for  March, 

gentleness  of  Manners,  engag'd  the  At-  1874,  xiii.  255. 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  367 

formance  of  duties  more  useful  to  society  or  honorable  to  him- 
self. Confidence  in  the  fulfilment  of  obligations,  of  pecuniary 
trusts,  is  only  merited  by  a  life  of  the  purest  integrity.  The 
many  who  reposed  it  in  him,  during  the  long  course  of  his  active 
career,  had  cause  to  congratulate  themselves,  when  reflecting 
how  much  shifting  sand  was  visible  always  around  them,  that 
they  had  built  their  house  upon  a  rock."  ^  After  quoting  both 
these  characterizations,  in  March,  1874,  the  President  of  the 
Society,  the  Hon.  Robert  C.  VVinthrop,  continued  in  the  fol- 
lowing words :  — 

The  Hon.  William  Minot  was  born  in  the  homestead  of  his  father  and 
grandfather,  in  what  is  now  known  as  Devonshire  Street,  Boston,  oppo- 
site the  New  Post-Ofifice,  on  the  17th  of  Sept.,  1 7S3  ;  and  he  took 
his  Bachelor's  Degree  at  Harvard  University  with  the  distinguished 
class  of  1802,  a  few  months  after  his  father's  death.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  Bar  of  Suffolk  County  in  1805,  and  entered  at  once  on  the  profes- 
sional pursuits  in  which  his  father  had  been  so  eminent.  To  those  pur- 
suits he  perseveringly  adhered  ;  only  abandoning  them  when  compelled 
to  do  so  by  the  infirmities  of  old  age.  He  was  particularly  devoted  to 
the  Law  of  Wills  and  Trusts.  A  man  of  the  purest  life,  of  the  highest 
principles,  of  the  most  scrupulous  and  transparent  integrity,  his  counsel 
was  eagerly  sought,  during  a  long  term  of  years,  by  those  who  had  estates 
to  bequeath,  or  trusts  to  be  arranged  and  executed ;  and  no  one  enjoyed 
a  greater  share  than  he  did,  in  these  and  all  other  relations,  of  the  esteem 
and  confidence  of  the  community  in  which  he  lived. 

Among  other  funds  committed  to  his  care,  was  that  bequeathed  to  the 
town  of  his  birth  by  Benjamin  Franklin,  with  a  primary  view  of  encour- 
aging young  and  meritorious  mechanics.  This  fund  was  placed  in  Mr. 
Minot's  hands  by  the  authorities  of  Boston  in  1804,  and  was  gratuitously 
administered  by  him  for  the  long  period  of  sixty-four  years ;  and  when  it 
had  increased  from  four  thousand  to  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  thoti- 
sand  dollars,  the  City  Government  did  not  fail  to  enter  upon  its  records 
a  grateful  acknowledgment  of  the  eminent  prudence  and  probity  with 
which  the  fund  had  been  managed. 

Naturally  of  a  retiring  disposition,  Mr.  Minot  never  sought  public  office, 
and  very  rarely  yielded  to  the  solicitation  of  friends  by  accepting  it.  He 
served  his  native  place  for  a  year  or  two,  when  it  was  first  incorporated 
as  a  city,  as  the  presiding  officer  of  one  of  its  wards ;  and  he  served  the 
Commonwealth,  for  another  year  or  two,  with  fidelity  and  honor,  as  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council,  during  the  administration  of  Governor 
Everett.  He  rendered  valuable  services  also  to  the  community  for  a  con- 
siderable time  as  an  Inspector  of  Prisons.     But  his  tastes  were  for  pro- 

1  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proc.  for  June,  1873,  ^'i'-  49- 


368  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

fessional  and  domestic  life,  and  he  resolutely  declined  all  further  public 
employment.^ 

Some  notice  has  been  already  given  of  the  family  of  THOMAS 
BULFINCH,  second  of  the  name,  long  honorably  connected  with 
the  annals  of  King's  Chapel.^  We  add  here  a  few  particulars 
concerning  him  and  his  family,  from  other  sources :  ^  — 

Thomas  Bulfinch  was  the  son  of  Adino  Bulfinch,  who  came  to  this 
country  from  England  about  the  year  1680,  was  actively  engaged  in 
commercial  pursuits  in  Boston,  and  was  chosen  by  that  town  Surveyor  of 
Highways  in  1700.  His  son,  the  subject  of  this  memoir,  was  born  in 
1694.  He  did  not  receive  a  college  education,  but  obtained  the  rudi- 
ments of  medical  instruction  under  Dr.  Zabdiel  Boylston.  Letters  from 
him  still  extant  show  that  he  studied  anatomy  and  surgery  in  London 
under  the  famous  Cheselden  in  171S,  and  afterwards  completed  his 
medical  studies  at  Paris  in  1721.  Dr.  Boylston  wished  him  to  join  him 
in  partnership,  which  he  declined,  as  at  the  time  of  the  invitation  he  had 
not  completed  his  regular  course  of  lectures.  On  his  return  to  Boston 
he  married  the  daughter  of  John  Colman,*  a  distinguished  merchant, 
brother  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Colman.  first  pastor  of  Brattle  Street  Church. 

Thomas  Bulfinch.  the  only  son  of  the  preceding,  was  born  in  Bos- 
ton in  1728,^  and  fitted  for  college  in  the  Latin  school  under  Mr.  John 

1  Amemoir  of  William  Minot  is  given  connection  with  King's  Chapel,  where 
in  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings  for  he  afterwards  became  so  prominent,  was 
March,  1S74,  xiii.  255-259.  through  his  marriage,  Sept  13, 1759,  with 

2  Attte,  p.  343.     See  also  p.  379,  post.        Susan,    daughter    of    Charles    Apthorp, 
^  Taken  from  Thacher's  Medical  Bio-     Esq.     The  following  notice  of  her  death 

graphies,  i.  209-211.     See  also  Dr.  Eph-  is  taken  from  a  contemporary  record: 
raim   Eliot's  reminiscences   of  the  phy-         "On  the  evening  of  the  15th  Inst,  de- 

sicians  of  Boston,   in   Mass.  Hist.   Soc.  parted  this  life,  Madam  Susan  Bulfinch, 

Proceedings   for   November,    1S63,    ^^i-  aged    81    years,    relict   of   the  late  Dr. 

179,   180;    and  Sargent's  Dealings  with  Thomas     Bulfinch,    and     daughter     of 

the  Dead,  ii.  449  et  seq.  Charles  Apthorp,  Esq.,  formerly   a   dis- 

*  John  Colman  was  "  Agent  for  the  tinguished  merchant  of  this  town.     Few 

Lord    High    Admiral,    and    one    of   the  persons    have    acted   their   part   in  life 

Commissioners  for  Prizes."     {Records  of  more  honourably,   or  left  behind    them 

the  Colony  of  Rhode  Island,  1678-1706,  ii.  a  more  revered  and  cherished  memory, 

pp.  537-540.)  than  this  respectable  lady.     Nature  had 

In  August,  1705,  Colman  declared  given  her  intellectual  powers  of  uncom- 
himself  "  Deputed  P  the  HonoW<=  John  mon  vigour ;  and  she  had  cultivated 
Dod,  Esqr  the  Receive  of  the  rights  and  them  in  early  life  with  great  assiduity, 
Perquisites  of  his  Royal  Highness,  and  adorned  them  by  various  reading 
Prince  George  of  Denmark,  Lord  High  and  by  habitual  intercourse  with  im- 
Admiral  of  England  &  "^  to  receive  w'.  proved  society.  There  was  a  propriety 
might  become  due  to  his  Royal  Highness  and  decorum  in  her  manners,  a  strength, 
in  these  parts."  —  A/ass.  Archives,  ii.  154.  richness,  variety,  knowledge  of  life,  can- 
See  also  Province  Laws,  viii.  528.  dour,  and  cheerfulness  in  her  conversa- 

^  He  was  baptized  at  the  Church  in  tion,  which  endeared  her  to  all  who  had 

Brattle  Square,  to  which  the  family  at  the  privilege  of  her  acquaintance.     Her 

that  time  belonged,  June  30,  1728.     His  reverence  for  the  Supreme  Being  was  un- 


THE    INTERREGNUM.  3^9 

Lovell;  he  was  distinguished  for  his  classical  attainments,  and  entered 
college  in  1742.  The  class  [of  1746]  was  small,  on  account  of  the 
troubled  state  of  the  times  occasioned  by  the  efforts  making  by  the 
Pretender  of  the  house  of  Stuart  for  the  recovery  of  the  British  crown, 
consisting  of  only  twelve  members,  of  whom  the  venerable  Dr.  Holyoke, 
of  Salem,  survived  till  1829.  After  leaving  college  he  entered  upon 
his  studies  with  his  father  in  1753,  and  afterwards  passed  four  years  in 
England  and  Scotland,  attending  the  hospitals  in  London,  and  going 
through  a  regular  course  of  instruction  at  Edinburgh,  where  he  took 
his  degree  of  M.  D.  in  1757.  Being  called  home  by  the  death  of  his 
father,  he  returned  and  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Boston. 
At  the  general  spread  of  the  small-pox  in  1763,  he  was  actively  engaged 
in  introducing  the  antiphlogistic  mode  of  treatment  in  that  disease,  which 
was  attended  with  extraordinary  success  ;  and  in  conjunction  with  Drs. 
Joseph  Warren,  Gardiner,  and  Perkins,  he  attempted  the  establishment 
of  a  small-pox  hospital  at  Point  Shirley,  in  Boston  Harbor,  which  was 
soon  relinquished  for  want  of  encouragement,  the  prejudice  being  very 
strong  against  a  voluntary  and  (as  it  was  then  called)  a  presumptuous 
exposure  to  disease.^  Dr.  Bulfinch  lived  in  the  stormy  ])eriod  which 
led  to  the  Revolutionary  war;  he  was  in  feeling  and  principle  a  decided 
friend  to  the  rights  of  the  colonies,  but  remained  with  his  family  in  Bos- 
ton while  the  place  was  occupied  by  the  British  troops  in  1775.  He 
was  subjected  not  only  to  the  privations  common  to  the  inhabitants,  but 
to  the  loss  of  a  large  quantity  of  medicine  forcibly  taken  by  order  of  the 
British  general  for  the  use  of  the  troops,  without  any  acknowledgment 
or  remuneration.  He  had,  however,  the  pleasure  of  seeing  the  enemy 
abandon  our  shores  in  March,  1776,  and  the  town  immediately  occupied 
by  the  Patriot  army  of  his  fellow-countrymen.  After  this  time  he  en- 
joyed an  extensive  practice,  and  numbered  among  his  friends  Governors 
Hancock  and  Bowdoin. 

feigned  and  constant.  This  princijile  terrors,  and  this  ripe  shock  of  corn  was 
supi:)orted  her  through  severe  afflictions,  at  length  gathered  in  its  season."  — 
and  became  the  parent  of  many  virtues.  Boston  Gazette,  of  Feb.  20,  181 5.  The 
She  was  a  Christian  from  conviction,  initials,  "  S.  C,"  appended  to  this  notice 
from  a  careful  study  of  the  Scriptures,  are  probably  those  of  Rev.  Samuel  Gary, 
from  an  enlightened  and  upright  mind.  Dr.  Freeman  and  Mr.  Gary  both 
She  was  a  Christian  too,  without  an  ex-  preached  Funeral  Sermons  after  Madam 
elusive  spirit  or  bigotry,  conscious  of  Bulfinch's  death.  These  were  printed 
her  infirmities,  and  looking  to  Heaven  in  a  volume  entitled  Funeral  Scrino7ts, 
for  light  and  assistance  and  forgiveness.  Preachedin  Kind's  Chapel,  Boston  (1S20). 
In  the  relations  of  private  life,  as  a  ,  The  Notes  to  this  volume  contain  re- 
wife,  a  mother,  a  friend  and  patroness  prints  of  the  foregoing  Obituary  notice, 
of  the  poor,  an  attentive  consoler  of  of  another  (signed  "C.  B.")  from  the 
the  sorrowful,  a  friend  to  all  practica-  New  Bn^'laml  Palladium  of  Feb.  21, 
ble  modes  of  beneficence,  she  exhibited  1815,  andof  a  third  notice  signed  "  S.  15." 
the  divine  spirit  of  Christianity.  Her  1  "Dr.  Bulfinch  has  petitioned  the 
life,  thus  adorned  with  moral  and  in-  General  Court  for  leave  to  open  a  hos- 
tellectual  graces,  terminated  in  a  serene,  pital  somewhere  \{'^x  small-pox]  and  it 
dignified,  and  advanced  old  age.  will  be  granted  \\\w\"  —  ^^rs.  Adams's 
"  Death  advanced  slowly,  and  without  Letters,  p.  79,  17  June,   1776. 

VOL.  II.  —  24 


Z7^  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

The  character  of  Dr.  Bulfinch  was  of  the  same  mild  and  unobtrusive 
kind  as  that  of  his  father ;  he  was  possessed  of  the  same  cheerfuhiess 
and  goodness  of  heart,  and  sincere  and  unpretending  piety.  Con- 
tented with  the  love  and  esteem  of  his  numerous  acquaintance,  and 
especially  of  all  who  came  under  his  professional  care,  he  avoided  every 
occasion  of  public  display ;  and  when  on  the  formation  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Medical  Society  he  was  invited  to  take  a  leading  part  in  that  in- 
stitution, he  declined  it  upon  the  plea  that  such  undertakings  should  of 
right  devolve  on  the  younger  members  of  the  profession.  He  published 
only  two  small  treatises,  —  one  on  the  treatment  of  scarlet  fever,  in  the  cure 
of  which  he  was  remarkably  successful ;  the  other  on  the  yellow  fever,  a 
subject  then  but  little  understood,  which  seemed  to  baffle  at  the  time 
all  the  efforts  of  medical  practitioners.  Of  an  active,  healthy  frame,  and 
distinguished  for  an  uncommon  attraction  of  person  and  elegance  of 
manners,  he  continued  in  practice  until  two  years  previous  to  his  death, 
which  took  place  in  February,  1802.^  He  left  one  son,  Charles,  the  in- 
genious architect  and  superintendent  of  the  public  buildings  at  the  City 
of  Washington,  and  two  daughters ;  all  were  married  during  the  life  of 
the  father,  —  the  son  to  Hannah,  the  daughter  of  John  Apthorp,  Esq.  ; 
the  elder  daughter  to  George  Storer,  and  the  younger  to  Joseph 
Coolidge,  son  of  Joseph  Coolidge,  Esq.^ 

Our  record  has  now  brought  the  history  of  King's  Chapel, 
and  that  of  several  of  the  families  most  intimately  connected 
with  its  annals,  through  the  critical  period  of  the  Revolution, 
into  the  modern  era,  when  the  influences  that  shaped  its  course 
and  policy  were  such  as  are  wholly  familiar  to  us  of  a  later  day. 
Before,  however,  going  on  with  the  incidents  and  the  ministries 
that  belong  to  this  later  period,  it  will  be  instructive  to  go  back 
and  trace,  briefly,  those  conditions  in  the  history  of  religious 
opinion,  which  made  the  change  now  impending  in  its  theo- 
logical position  more  natural  and  less  revolutionary  than  has 
generally  been  supposed.  The  immediate  antecedents  of  that 
change,  and  the  way  in  which  it  was  brought  about,  will  accord- 
ingly make  the  topics  of  the  two  succeeding  chapters. 

1  In   our   Burial    Register   his   name  2  ^   record  of  the  family  of    Joseph 

appears  under  date  of  March  3,  1S02.  Coolidge  is  in  the   New-Eng.  Hist,  and 

A  notice  of  the  death  of  Dr.  Bulfinch  Geneal.  Register  (1853),  vii.  143,  where 
will  be  found  in  the  Boston  Gazette  of  also  may  be  found  an  account  of  the  Jo- 
March  I,  1S02.  See  also  footnote  in  a  honnot  family,  long  identified  with  King's 
subsequent  chapter  (x.xi.)  on  Dr.  Free-  Chapel.  See  also  chapters  xxi.  andxxiv. 
man's  Ministry,  p.  379.  post,  for  notices  of  the  Coolidges. 


CHAPTER  XX. 

RELIGIOUS   OPINION   IN   THE   EIGHTEENTH   CENTURY, 

HERE  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  dogma  of  a  co-equal 
Trinity  had,  in  the  last  century,  lost  its  strong  hold  on 
the  faith  of  Christians  both  in  England  and  in  Amer- 
ica. In  the  established  Church  of  England,  Unita- 
rian beliefs  were  in  many  instances  publicly  professed,  and  in 
others  well  known  to  exist,  and  that  among  the  most  distin- 
guished divines,  and  those  holding  the  highest  official  positions. 
How  they  were  able  to  use  the  liturgy,  is  their  own  secret, 
which  perhaps  perished  with  them  ;  but  we  have  no  reason  to 
doubt  their  honesty  and  integrity  of  purpose.  There  are  two 
ways  in  which  their  course  may  be  accounted  for.  In  their  tra- 
ditional reverence  for  forms  which  they  had  from  infancy  identi- 
fied with  the  very  essence  of  religion  and  soul  of  piety,  they 
may  have  unconsciously  and  gradually  come  to  attach  to 
those  words  meanings  which  to  one  unaccustomed  to  their  use 
they  would  not  bear,  pouring  the  new  wine  into  the  old  bottles 
so  slowly  as  not  to  burst  the  bottles.  The  alternate  solution, 
which  we  should  be  slow  to  suppose  where  it  was  not  professed, 
is  best  given  in  the  words  of  a  latitudinarian  churchman  well 
known  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic,  who,  when  asked  how  he 
could  with  a  quiet  conscience  repeat  three  creeds  neither  of 
which  he  believed,  replied,  "  An  historic  church  has  a  right  to 
have  its  past  beliefs  recognized  in  its  worship." 

Chief  among  the  Unitarian  clergy  of  the  English  Church  was 
Samuel  Clarke,  as  a  philosopher  and  a  theologian  second  to  no 
man  of  his  time,  who  compiled  a  revised  liturgy  excluding  all 
Trinitarian  phraseology,  which  was  adopted,  with  very  slight 
changes,  by  Theophilus  Lindsey,  and  published  by  him  for  use 
in  Unitarian  congregations.  As  in  avowed  sympathy  with  him 
we  might  name  Whitby,  by  far  the  most  learned  and  able  Eng- 
lish commentator  on  the  New  Testament  till  late  in  the  present 
century.  Bishops  Pearce  and  Hoadly  were  generally  regarded  as 
in  the  same  category,  and  so  was  Sykes,  whose  numerous  trea- 
tises in  defence  of  Christianity  have  faded  from  memory  only 


3/2  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

because  the  types  of  infidelity  which  he  assailed  are  no  longer 
rife.  Henry  Taylor,  vicar  of  Portsmouth,  was  a  professed  Arian, 
and  Bishop  Watson  says  of  one  of  his  books  that  it  contains  the 
most  formidable  attack  on  what  is  called  the  Athanasian  system 
that  is  anywhere  to  be  met  with.  Even  Archbishop  Tillotson 
was  charged  with  Arianism  ;  and  while  it  might  be  difficult  to 
establish,  it  would  be  impossible  to  refute  the  charge  from  his 
writings.  Lindsey,  who  resigned  his  living  in  the  Church  because 
he  could  no  longer  feel  justified  in  using  its  liturgy,  writes  that  his 
father-in-law,  Archdeacon  Blackburne,  agreed  with  him  in  opin- 
ion, but  did  not  deem  himself  obliged  on  that  account  to  leave 
the  Church. 1  Curwen,  in  his  Journal,  in  describing  a  sermon  by 
Bishop  Watson,  says  that  he  closed  his  discourse  with  the  as- 
cription, "To  the  King  eternal,  immortal,  invisible,"  instead  of 
the  usual  Trinitarian  doxology.  It  is  well  known  that  the  Atha- 
nasian Creed,  though  its  repetition  is  required  by  the  Rubric 
thirteen  times  a  year,  had  lapsed  into  general  disuse  ;  and  had 
it  been  proposed  afresh  for  adoption  as  a  symbol  of  the  actual 
belief  of  the  Church,  it  would  have  been  accepted  by  an  infini- 
tesimal minority.^ 

There  was  among  English  Dissenters  equally  prevalent  loose- 
ness, or,  it  may  be  said  in  many  cases,  indefiniteness,  of  belief  as 
regards  the  Trinity.  Beside  those  who  professed  Unitarianism, 
and  who  were  for  the  most  part  members  of  denominations 
that  in  the  previous  century  were  untainted  by  what  the  most 
rigid  dogmatist  would  term  heresy,  the  most  orthodox  believers 
seem  to  have  generally  regarded  Christ  as  in  no  sense  self- 
existent,  but  as  derived  from  and  subordinate  to  the  Eather. 
Under  the  terms  of  the  Athanasian  Creed  neither  Watts  nor 
Doddridge  would  have  escaped  the  sentence  of  everlasting  per- 
dition. Indeed,  it  is  difficult  to  discriminate  between  the  Chris- 
tology  of  these  men  and  that  of  Richard  Price,  the  most  orthodox 

1  Blackburne,    in    an    autobiography  probity    and    undoubted    excellence    of 

written  in  the  third  person,  says  :  "The  character;  and  it  is  impossible  that  so 

friendship    between     Mr.    Lindsey    and  good   a  man   should   have    retained   so 

Mr.  Blackburne  was  not  nearly  so  much  false  a  position  unless   it  was  held   by 

cemented  by  this  family  connection  as  so  many  other  good   men  as   to  cause 

by    a     similarity    of    sentiment    in    the  assent  to  the  established  dogmas  of  the 

cause    of    Christian    liberty,   and    their  Church  to  be  generally  regarded  as  an 

aversion  to  ecclesiastical  imposition  in  unmeaning  formalism, 
matters    of   conscience.''      Blackburne's  ^  j^  the  time  of  George  III ,  proba- 

treatise,    entitled    "The    Confessional,"  bly    in    accordance    with    the    Queen's 

shows  beyond  a  doubt  that  he  was  not  wishes,     the      Athanasian     Creed     was 

a   believer    in    the    creed    of   his    own  omitted    in    the    service    of   the    Royal 

Church     His  opponents,  who  attempted  Chapel, 
to  answer  his  book,  admit    his  perfect 


RELIGIOUS    OPINION    IN    EIGHTEENTH    CENTURY.     373 

among  the  Unitarians  of  the  last  century,  except  in  their  retain- 
ing the  term  Trinity,  with  their  own  pecuHar  definitions. 

In  Boston  the  prevalent  religious  belief  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
last  century  retamed  very  little  of  the  Puritan  element.  There 
is  reason  to  believe  that  at  the  close  of  the  War  of  the  Revolu- 
tion there  vi^as  but  one  Congregational  clergyman  in  the  town 
who  by  earlier  or  later  standards  would  have  been  reputed  as 
orthodox,  and  he  was  pastor  of  a  church  of  a  widely  different 
complexion  ;  while  Rev.  Mr.  Eckley,  the  pastor  of  the  Old 
South,  the  only  church  which  could  be  accounted  as  orthodox, 
denied  the  supreme  deity  of  Christ,  and  was  the  first  minister 
to  propose  an  exchange  with  Mr.  Freeman  after  his  ordmation 
as  a  Unitarian.  Here  there  was  neither  concealment  nor  eva- 
sion. What  we  know  of  the  opinions  of  the  ministers  is  for 
the  most  part  derived  from  their  printed  sermons ;  and  the 
creeds  of  their  churches  contained  no  specifications  of  dogmas, 
having  been  transmitted  from  the  time  when  there  was  no  dis- 
sent from  Calvinism,  and  therefore  no  need  of  dogmatic  detail. ^ 
In  fine,  the  religious  atmosphere  of  the  time  in  Boston  was  so 
entirely  non-Trinitarian  that  any  stress  laid  on  the  Trinity  as 
an  essential  part  of  Christian  belief  would  have  been  regarded 
as  exceptional,  almost  phenomenal.^ 

It  was  impossible,  with  this  prevalence  of  non-Trinitarian  belief 
on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic,  that  the  American  Episcopal  Church 
should  have  remained  entirely  loyal  to  its  traditional  dogmas. 
There  are  not  wanting  manifest  tokens  of  dissent  in  the  meagre 
documentary  evidence  to  which  we  have  access.  Rev.  William 
W.  Wheeler  (H.  U.  1755),  rector  of  the  church  in  Scituate,  re- 
fused to  sign  the  manifesto  of  which  we  shall  presently  speak, 
disclaiming  King's  Chapel  and  its  minister,  and  Mr.  (afterward 
Bishop)  Parker  ascribed  his  refusal  to  sympathy  with  Mr.  Free- 
man's heretical  opinions.  Rev.  Mr.  Fisher,  of  St.  Peter's  Church 
in  Salem,  expressed  at  the  outset  sufficient  interest  in  Mr.  Free- 
man's revisal  of  the  liturgy  to  lead  to  the  presentation  of  a 
copy  of  the  new  Prayer-Book,  which,  however,  he  returned, 
and  with  no  little  discourtesy.  Dr.  Bentley  says  of  him,  "  He 
recommended  to  me  Taylor's  Arian  Scheme,"  —  it  is  hard  to 
say  why,  unless  he  regarded  it  as  sound  and  scriptural.     When 

1  It  is  worthy  of  notice  that  church-  photography,  a  creed  is  generally  a  nega- 
creeds  in  all  times  have  had  their  form  tive  of  the  heresy  or  heresies  most  dep- 
determined  not  so  much  by  the  beliefs  recated  at  the  time  of  its  formation, 
of  those  who  made  them  as  by  the  pre-  '^  See  Dr.  Andrew  P.  Peabody's  chap- 
vailing  errors  (so  deemed)  against  which  ter  on  "The  Unitarians  in  Boston,"  in 
it  was  thought  necessary  to  defend  their  Afernorial  History  of  Boston,  iii.  467  et 
specific  beliefs.     To  draw  a  figure  from  seq.  —  Editor. 


374  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

asked  how  he  could  read  the  Athanasian  Creed  without  believ- 
ing it,  he  replied,  "  I  read  it  as  if  I  did  not  believe  it."  One  of 
his  successors,  Rev.  Dr.  Mason,  speaks  of  the  entire  non-recog- 
nition of  the  distinguishing  doctrines  of  the  Episcopal  Church 
in  a  volume  of  Mr.  Fisher's  sermons  published  after  his  death, 
and  ascribes  it  to  the  fact  that  the  volume  was  edited  by  Judge 
Story,  who  had  been  his  parishioner,  but  who  several  years  after- 
ward was  known  as  a  Unitarian.  The  more  probable  reason 
was  that  Mr.  Fisher  did  not  preach  these  doctrines. 

But  the  strongest  testimony  to  the  unsettled  belief  of  the 
American  Episcopal  Church  at  this  time  is  derived  from  Bishop 
Provoost  of  New  York,  one  of  the  two  American  bishops  who 
were  consecrated  in  Lambeth  Palace  in  1787.  Before  his  con- 
secration, while  he  by  no  means  promised  ordination  to  Mr. 
Freeman  with  his  profession  of  Unitarianism,  instead  of  dismis- 
sing the  application,  he  postponed  it  till  the  next  Convention  of 
the  Church.  His  disposition  as  to  this  subject  may  be  seen  in 
the  following  passage  of  a  letter,  dated  three  days  before  his 
election  as  bishop,  to  Rev.  Dr.  White,  bishop-elect  of  Pennsyl- 
vania :  "  I  am  sorry  to  find  that  your  Convention  has  not  been 
without  its  altercations.^  The  doctrine  of  the  Trinity  has  been 
a  bone  of  contention  since  the  first  ages  of  Christianity,  and 
will  be  to  the  end  of  the  world.  It  is  an  abstruse  point,  upon 
which  great  charity  is  due  to  different  opinions,  and  the  only 
way  of  securing  ourselves  from  error  is  to  adhere  to  scriptural 
expressions,  without  turning  into  definitions."  He  then  refers 
to  Bishop  Watson,  as  "  showing  a  truly  liberal  spirit,  when  after 
mentioning  Newton  and  Locke  and  Lardner  as  esteemed  or 
avowed  Socinians,  Clarke  and  Whiston  as  Arians,  Bull  and 
Waterland  as  Athanasians,  he  says,  *  Surely  we  ought  to  learn 
no  other  lesson  from  the  diversity  of  their  opinions  except  that 
of  perfect  moderation  and  good  will  toward  all  those  who  hap- 
pen to  differ  from  ourselves.' "  Before  writing  this  letter  Dr. 
Provoost  had  proposed  the  omission  in  the  Litany  of  the  peti 
tions  to  "God  the  Son,"  "God  the  Holy  Ghost,"  and  the 
"  Trinity."  This  suggestion  was  not  accepted  ;  but  the  "  Pro- 
posed Book  "  of  Common  Prayer,  the  only  book  of  the  kind  that 
antedated  the  consecration  of  Bishops  White  and  Provoost, 
omitted  the  Nicene  as  well  as  the  Athanasian  Creed.^ 

1  What  follows,  certainly  implies,  be-  ^  j(-  omitted  also  the  clause,  "  He  de- 

yond   all   reasonable   doubt,   that   these  scended   into   hell."     There  is   still   ex- 

"  altercations  "     were     concerning     the  tant  at  least  one  altar-tablet  in  which  the 

Trinity.  creed  lacks  that  clause  ;   and  for  many 


RELIGIOUS    OPINION    IN    EIGHTEENTH    CENTURY.      375 

These  statements  have  been  made  to  show,  in  the  first  place, 
that  in  the  religious  medium  in  which  the  King's  Chapel  congre- 
gation had  been  placed,  it  is  by  no  means  a  matter  of  surprise 
that  at  the  close  of  the  war  a  majority  of  its  remaining  members 
and  voters  should  have  been  professedly  or  virtually  Unitarians; 
and  secondly,  that  being  so,  they  would  not  have  deemed  them- 
selves necessarily  excluded  from  the  fellowship  of  the  Episcopal 
Church.^ 

It  should  be  also  borne  in  mind  that  at  the  close  of  the  war 
the  American  Episcopal  Church  had  neither  legal  existence, 
definite  organization,  established  forms,  nor  a  determinate  fu- 
ture. It  was  necessarily  cut  off  from  its  mother-church  ;  for  no 
American  minister  could  obtain  ordination  without  swearing 
allegiance  to  the  British  Crown,  and  no  American  bishop  could 
be  consecrated  without  a  special  Act  of  Parliament  to  that  effect. 
At  the  time  when  worship  was  resumed  in  King's  Chapel  in 
1782,  it  seemed  by  no  means  impossible  that  presbyterian  ordi- 
nation would  remain  the  only  way  in  which  the  Church  could 
recruit  its  ministry.  This  condition  of  things  undoubtedly 
brought  the  Episcopal  and  Congregational  clergy  into  closer 
professional  relations  than  they  had  previously  borne,  or  have 
borne  within  the  last  half  century. 

In  1783  the  Episcopal  clergy  of  Connecticut  chose  Rev. 
Samuel  Seabury  as  their  bishop."-^  He  applied  in  vain  for  conse- 
cration in  England,  and  late  in  the  following  year  he  had  re- 
course to  the  bishops  of  the  Scotch  Episcopal  Church,  which 
then  held  a  barely  tolerated,  not  a  legalized  existence,  having 
been  suppressed  on  account  of  the  adherence  of  its  principal 

years  after  its  restoration,  almost  every  pal  Churcli  in  Boston,  enclosing  a  Vote 

officiating    minister    read    instead    of    it  of  their   Wardens  &  Vestry,  presenting 

the  alternative  clause,  permitted  by  the  two  Folio  Prayer  Books  to  this  Church,  — 

Rubric  :    "  He   went    into   the   place   of  Voted,  That  the  Thanks  of  the  Proprie- 

departed  spirits."  tors  of  this  Church  be  presented  to  the 

1  That  even  Episcopalians  did  not  re-  Wardens  &  Vestry  of  the  First  Episco- 

gard  them  as  outside  of  their  own  Church  pal  Church  in  Boston  for  their   gener- 

four  years  after  the  ordination  of  Mr.  ous  token  of  regard  to  this  Church,  & 

Freeman  and  the  adoption  of  the  revised  particularly  for  the  manner  in  which  they 

liturgy,  would  appear  from  the  following  liberally  &  affectionately  presented  them, 

voterpassed  by  the  proprietors  of  Christ  And  that  the  Wardens  of  this  Church 

Church  in  Cambridge: —  be  desired  to  acquaint  the  Wardens  & 

"  At  a  Meeting  of  the  Proprietors  of  Vestry  of  the  First  Ei^iscopal  Church  in 

Christ  Church,  Cambridge,  on  the  25th  Boston  of  our  cheerful  acceptance  of  the 

April,    1 791,    the    following    Vote    was  same. 

passed  : ^  ^"  ^^^  Panoplist  for  June,  1815,  Dr. 

"  That,  Jon.    Simpson,   jun',   &   Na-  Freeman   describes   the   ordination  of  a 

thaniel  Bethune  communicating  a  letter  priest  in  Boston  by  Bishop  Seabury.    See 

from  the  Wardens  of  the  First  Episco-  p.  621, /cr/. 


n^  AiNNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

members  to  the  Stuart  dynasty.  He  was  the  only  bishop  in  this 
country  till  1787.  It  was  not  till  1789  that  Massachusetts  was 
represented  in  a  General  Convention,  and  not  till  1797  that  she 
had  a  bishop  of  her  own,  or  that  her  churches  formed  a  part  of 
any  diocese. 

In  October,  1790,  it  first  became  obligatory  on  the  Episcopal 
churches  to  use  in  public  worship  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer 
then  just  issued.  Previously,  individual  ministers  and  churches 
had  been  free  to  make  such  changes  as  they  saw  fit  in  the  Eng- 
lish liturgy.  All  of  them  had  of  course  omitted  such  portions 
as  the  altered  form  of  government  had  made  obsolete,  and  there 
was  no  central  authority  to  forbid  other  changes,  or  even  an 
entire  revision  like  that  subsequently  made  under  the  auspices 
of  the  General  Convention.  In  its  revision  King's  Chapel  did, 
on  a  large  scale,  indeed,  what  in  a  smaller  way  every  church  had 
been  forced  to  do,  and  what  every  church,  being  independent  of 
every  other,  had  a  right  to  do. 

In  this  unorganized  condition  it  became  common  for  Congre- 
gational ministers  to  officiate  in  Episcopal  churches.  An  arrange- 
ment was  made  for  an  exchange  between  Mr.  Parker,  of  Trinity 
Church,  and  Mr.  Freeman,  when  he  first  became  a  reader  — 
actually  a  preacher  —  at  King's  Chapel,  and  the  exchange  failed 
to  take  effect  because  Mr.  Parker  was  unwilling  that  Mr.  Free- 
man should  read  the  parts  of  the  service  which  by  the  English 
Rubric  priests  alone  were  competent  to  perform,  —  an  objection 
which  seems  to  have  been  regarded  as  a  special  token  of  high- 
churchmanship.  For  many  years  Congregational  ministers  were 
often  permanently  employed  in  Episcopal  churches  under  the 
title  of  readers,  but  preaching  sermons  of  their  own  if  they 
chose,  as  Mr.  Freeman  did  while  he  was  a  reader.  Christ  Church 
in  Cambridge  was  for  more  than  half  a  century  without  a  resident 
rector,  and  for  a  large  part  of  that  time  was  served  by  readers 
who  were  also  preachers.  In  1809  a  Christmas  sermon,  preached 
in  Christ  Church  by  Rev.  Dr.  Holmes,  of  the  Congregational 
Church,  was  printed  by  request  of  the  society.  In  1806  St. 
John's  Church,  in  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  was  burned. 
On  the  ensuing  Christmas  the  services  were  held  in  the  North 
Congregational  Church,  and  as  the  rectorship  was  vacant.  Rev. 
Dr.  Buckminster,  the  pastor,  officiated  as  reader  and  preacher. 
The  members  of  St.  John's  Church  subsequently  worshipped 
with  the  South  Congregational  Church,  which  had  no  pastor, 
and  for  several  months  an  arrangement  was  made  by  which  the 
same  minister,  at  different  hours,  was  preacher  to  one  portion, 


RELIGIOUS    OPINION    IN    EIGHTEENTH    CENTURY,      ^jy 

and  reader — preacher  too,  if  he  chose  so  to  be  —  to  the  other 
portion  of  the  united  congregation  ;  and  when  the  new  church 
was  ready  for  occupancy,  the  consecration  service  was  performed, 
in  part,  by  Rev.  Mr.  Morss,  of  Newburyport,  and,  in  part,  by  Rev. 
Mr.  Parker,  the  recently  ordained  Congregational  [Unitarian] 
minister  of  the  South  Church,  Nearly  half  a  century  afterward 
it  was  discovered  that  the  church  had  not  been  duly  consecrated, 
and  on  the  completion  of  certain  changes  in  the  interior  of  the 
building,  the  service  was  performed,  in  accordance  with  the  ritual, 
by  the  Bishop  of  New  Hampshire.  As  late  as  1813,  and  during 
Bishop  Griswold's  episcopacy,  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Fisher,  of 
Salem,  Rev.  Messrs.  Barnard,  Bentley,  and  Prince,  all  of  them 
Unitarians,  preached,  each  an  entire  Sunday,  at  St.  Peter's 
Church,  as  an  expression  of  sympathy  with  the  bereaved  congre- 
gation,  the  service  on  these  occasions  being  read  by  one  of  the 
parishioners.^ 

We  recapitulate  these  facts,  not  because  we  question  the  fit- 
ness of  the  present  organization  and  canons  of  the  American 
Episcopal  Church,  nor  even  that  of  the  exclusion  of  ministers  of 
other  denominations  from  its  pulpits ;  for  were  there  in  other 
ways  the  mutual  Christian  recognition  that  there  ought  to  be, 
pulpit  reciprocity  might  perhaps  be  deemed  on  all  accounts  un- 
desirable. Our  sole  aim  has  been  to  show  that  when  the  events 
which  will  have  record  in  the  following  chapter  took  place,  at  the 
date  of  Mr.  Freeman's  ordination  and  settlement,  there  was  no 
authority  to  which  King's  Chapel  owed  allegiance,  no  episcopate 
to  which  it  belonged,  no  established  usage  by  which  a  minister 
not  episcopally  ordained  could  be  excluded  from  its  pulpit,  in  fine, 
no  reason  why  that  individual  corporation  might  not  consult 
its  own  edification  and  spiritual  well-being,  amenable  only  to 
conscience  and  to  God. 

1  There  was  in  the  immediately  post-  In   1790  the  use   of  Trinity  church, 

Revolutionary  time  no  exclusiveness  as  Boston,  was  given  for  the  performance 

to  the  use  of  Episcopal  churches.  of  high  mass,  with  its  full  paraphernalia 

In  the  summer  of  17S2  the  Rev.  Wil-  of  ceremony,  and  of  a  funeral  requiem, 

liam   Rogers,  a  Baptist  clergyman,  offi-  in  commemoration  of  a  French  Roman 

ciated  "  in  his  way  "  in  St.  John's  Church,  Catholic  recently  deceased,  —  an   occa- 

Providence,  R.  I.,  at  the  request  of  the  sion  for  no  little  bitterness  of   censure 

Wardens.     Updike,  p.  416.  on  the  part  of  zealous  Protestants. 


CHAPTER   XXI. 

THE   MINISTRY   OF  JAMES   FREEMAN.^ 

AMES  FREEMAN,  son  of  Constant  and  Lois  (Cobb) 
Freeman,  was  born  in  Charlestown,  April  22,  1759. 
His  parents  were  both  natives  of  Truro,  in  Barnsta- 
ble County.  His  father  is  said  by  Dr.  Greenwood, 
in  his  Memoir  of  Dr.  Freeman,  to  have  been  '  a  man  of  strong 
mind  and  excellent  character,  and  his  life  marked  by  enterprise 
and  vicissitude.'  The  son  attended  the  Boston  Latin  School, 
under  the  famous  Master  Lovell,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  Col- 
lege in  1777.  Although  the  opening  years  of  the  Revolutionary 
War  seriously  interrupted  the  course  of  the  college  studies,  he 
brought  awa}^  an  excellent  amount  of  scholarship  for  the  times, 
in  the  languages  and  in  mathematics, — the  latter  constituting 
his  after-dinner  diversion,  with  slate  and  pencil,  even  in  old 
age." 

"  His  father,  who  had  been  a  sea-captain  in  earlier  life,  had  be- 
come a  merchant  in  Quebec  some  time  before  the  outbreak  of 
the  war.  His  mother  died  soon  after  the  beginning  of  hostilities, 
when  all  communication  was  suspended  ;  and  the  husband  and 
father,  who  was  obliged  to  remain  at  Quebec  to  protect  the  pro- 
perty of  those  whose  agent  he  was,  was  unable  for  some  time 
even  to  visit  the  children  whom  he  pathetically  describes,  in  a 
petition  to  the  Governor  of  Quebec,  as  his  '  poor  motherless 
babes  in  New  England.' 

"  The  sympathies  of  young  James  were  strongly  on  the  patriot 
side,  and  although  he  did  not  enlist  in  the  army  (probably  be- 
cause of  the  inconvenience  and  peril  which  such  a  step  would 
bring  upon  his  father  under  these  circumstances),  after  gradu- 
ating, on  visiting  his  relatives  on  Cape  Cod,  where  he  taught  a 
school  at  Barnstable,  he  drilled  a  company  of  Cape  Cod  troops 
which  was  raised  for  the  Continental  army.     In  the  summer  of 

1  The  portions  of  this  chapter  desig-  Early  History  of  the   Unitarian   Move- 

nated  by  quotation-marks,  without  refer-  ment   in    New    England,"   in   "The  Re- 

ence  to  their  source,  are  copied  from  a  ligious  Majazine  and  Monthly  Review  " 

valuable  and  instructive    article  by  Mr.  (Boston)   for   June,   1873,  ^^'X-  S°5~53l» 

Foote  on  "James  Freeman  and  Kind's  which  see.  —  Editor. 
Chapel,  1782-17S7.     A    chapter   in   the 


JAMES   FREEMAN. 


THE    MINISTRY    OF   JAMES    FREEMAN".  379 

1780  he  sailed  for  Quebec  with  his  sister  and  youngest  brother, 
to  place  them  with  their  father.  '  The  vessel  in  which  he  eni- 
barked  was  fitted  out  as  a  cartel  ;  but  not  being  acknowledged 
as  such  by  the  Governor  of  Quebec,  on  his  arrival  he  was  made 
a  prisoner,  and  put  on  board  a  guard-ship.  He  remained  in 
this  situation  till  December,  when,  the  severity  of  the  weather 
no  longer  suffering  the  guard-ship  to  lie  in  the  river,  he  was  ad- 
mitted on  shore  a  prisoner  on  parole.  In  the  summer  of  1782 
he  obtained  permission  of  the  Governor  to  go  to  New  York, 
and  embarked  in  a  letter  of  marque,  which,  after  she  had  been 
out  a  week,  was  captured  by  a  privateer  from  Salem,  and  he 
carried  into  that  port.  Immediately  on  his  arrival  he  began  to 
preach,'  —  first,  probably,  for  Rev.  William  Bentley,  of  Salem, 
his  classmate  and  intimate  friend,  —  not  without  preparation; 
for  he  had  passed  a  year  at  Cambridge  as  a  resident  graduate, 
and  had  read  theology  since,  after  the  fashion  of  the  time  (for 
there  were  no  divinity  schools),  with  such  helps  as  he  could. 

"  At  this  time,  the  Old  South  congregation  were  worshipping  in 
King's  Chapel,  jointly  with  the  regular  congregation, —  each 
using  its  own  form  of  worship  for  one  half  the  day.  But  it  had 
been  determined  by  the  remnant  of  the  congregation  whom  the 
war  had  left,  to  resume  exclusive  possession  of  their  church  as 
soon  as  possible." 

Accordingly,  on  the  8th  of  September,  1782,  Dr.  Thomas 
Bulfinch,^  the  Senior  Warden,  commenced  a  correspondence  with 
Mr.  Freeman  ;  and  a  favorable  reply  having  been  received,  "  on 
Sept.  28,  1782,  the  Wardens  wrote  him  a  formal  letter,  inviting 
him  '  to  officiate  for  the  Proprietors  of  the  Chapel  in  the  ca- 
pacity of  a  reader  for  six  months,  .  .  .  hoping  and  trusting 
that'  his  'further  continuance  in  the  service  of  the  church 
will  be  acceptable  both  to'  him  'and  to  them.     The  duty  ex- 

1  Thomas  Bulfinch,  tlie  second  of  the  public  services.  He  was  Senior  Warden 
name,  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  Bui-  of  King's  Chapel  at  its  re-opening  after 
finch,  who  was  educated  in  his  profes-  the  war,  and  remained  in  office  for  twelve 
sion  at  Paris,  and  returning  to  Boston  years.  He  died  in  1802.  His  son,  Charles 
in  1721,  was  for  thirty-six  years  in  the  Bulfinch,  the  architect  of  the  .State  House 
successful  practice  of  medicine,  and  held  and  of  the  national  Capitol,  was  con- 
a  foremost  place  among  the  ablest  and  nected  with  King's  Chapel  till  his  re- 
best  men  of  his  time.  The  son  was  born  moval  to  Washington.  Thomas,  the  son 
in  172S,  graduated  at  Harvard  College  of  Charles,  was  for  many  years  Warden 
in  1746,  studied  medicine  under  his  fa-  of  the  Chapel,  and  is  still  held  in  grateful 
ther's  direction,  and  then  at  the  Uni-  memory  there.  Rev.  .Stephen  Greenlcaf 
versity  of  Edinburgh,  where  he  took  Bulfinch, —  divine,  poet,  and  saint, — 
iiis  medical  degree  in  1757.  He  was  than  whom  no  man  can  have  been  more 
eminent  as  a  physician,  and  honored  and  worthily  honored  or  dearly  beloved,  was 
beloved  for  his  personal  merit  and  his  also  a  son  of  Charles.     See  atUe,  p.  368. 


58o  ANxNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

pected  of  you  is  to  read  the  service  of  the  church  twice  every 
Sunday,  and  also  on  Saints'  days;  to  deliver  a  sermon  of  your 
own  composing  as  often  as  is  convenient ;  and  at  other  times 
to  read  such  other  sermons  as  are  most  approved  by  you.  The 
Proprietors  consent  to  such  alterations  m  the  service  as  are 
made  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Parker,  and  leave  the  use  of  the  Athana- 
sian  Creed  at  your  discretion.'  " 

For  the  first  six  months  Mr.  Freeman  received  a  compensation 
of  fifty  pounds  sterling,  or  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars.  ^ 
On  April  21,  1783,  he  was  chosen  pastor  of  the  church,  on  a 
salary  of  two  hundred  pounds,  —  a  sum  which,  in  relation  to  its 
purchasing  power  and  to  the  simple  habits  of  the  time,  would 
compare  not  unfavorably  with  the  salaries  of  the  present  day. 
He  lived,  and  continued  to  live  till  his  marriage,  in  the  family 
of  his  friend  George  R.  Minot,^  the  ancestor  of  the  well-known 
family  of  that  name,  which  has  members  in  the  fifth  generation 
still  among  the  worshippers  at  King's  Chapel. 

At  a  very  early  period  after  his  election  as  minister,  Mr.  Free- 
man began  to  feel  serious  doubts  with  reference  to  the  Trinity. 
He  accordingly  ceased  to  read  such  portions  of  the  Liturgy  as 
recognized  this  dogma,  and  proposed  to  the  congregation  an 
amended  form  of  Public  Prayer  as  eminently  desirable.  He  at 
the  same  time  preached  a  series  of  sermons  on  Christian  doc- 
trine, presenting  in  the  most  explicit  form  of  statement  the 
belief  which  he  had  reached,  in  the  confident  expectation  that 
the  avowal  of  his  opinions  would  result  in  his  immediate  dismis- 
sal from  the  ministry.  But  Unitarianism  was  in  the  air,  as  we 
showed  in  the  last  chapter.  Probably  there  was  not  a  church 
in  Boston  in  which  such  discourses  would  not  have  been  met 
with  warm  sympathy,  and  few  in  which  the  majority  of  the  hear- 
ers would  not  have  recognized  the  view  of  the  Divine  nature 
which  they  had  derived  from  the  Christian  Scriptures,  but  to 
which  they  had  not  given  a  distinctive  name. 

Of  course  the  worshippers  at  King's  Chapel  had  been  much 

1  George  Richards  Minot  was  born  the    author    of    two    historical    works, 

in  Boston  in  1758,  and  graduated  at  Har-  which  were  regarded   as  second  to  no 

vard  College,  at  the  head  of  his  class,  in  similar  productions  of  their  time  in  lit- 

1778.     His  intimacy  with  Dr  Freeman  erary  merit  and  in  the  tokens  of  pains- 

probably  began  in  college.     He  attained  taking  research,  and  are  still  of  unques- 

eminence  as  a  lawyer,  filled  several  im-  tioned  authority  as  to  the  periods  and 

portant    judicial    offices,   and    had    the  events   which   they    embrace.     He    was 

reputation,  which  he  has  transmitted  to  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Massachusetts 

his   descendants   in    successive    genera-  Historical  Society.     He  died  midway  in 

tions,   of  uncorrupt    integrity   and    the  a  career  of  prosperity  and  honor,  at  the 

highest  type  of  moral  worth.     He  was  age  of  forty-four.     See  ante,  p.  364. 


THE   MINISTRY   OF   JAMES    FREEMAN.  381 

scattered  during  the  years  for  which  their  service  had  been  sus- 
pended, and  some  of  them,  Hke  Dr.  Caner,  their  rector,  had 
preferred  exile  to  the  new  political  regime.  It  was  found  that 
twenty-nine  pews  were  legally  forfeited  to  the  church.  Most 
or  all  of  these  were  already  occupied,  and  most  of  them  were 
sold  to  the  occupants,  with  a  vote  of  ample  compensation  (which 
was  not  legally  due)  to  the  former  owners,  if  application  should 
be  made  within  a  year  from  the  passage  of  the  vote  (January 
10,  1785). 

On  February  20th  of  that  year  it  was  voted  to  make  the  desired 
changes  in  the  Liturgy.  The  Committee  for  this  purpose  con- 
sisted of  the  Wardens,  Thomas  Bulfinch  and  Shrimpton  Hutchin- 
son, and  seven  other  members  of  the  society ;  namely,  John  Haskins, 
John  Gardiner,  Charles  Williams,  Perez  Morton,  Samuel  Breck, 
Charles  Miller,  and  John  Wheelwright,  with  the  understanding 
that  the  work  should  be  performed  with  the  advice  and  approval 
of  Mr.  Freeman.  Of  course  the  revision  was  made  for  the  most 
part  by  Mr.  Freeman,  and  the  alterations  were  principally  those 
that  had  appeared  in  Dr.  Samuel  Clarke's  draft  of  a  reformed 
Liturgy.  On  the  28th  of  March  the  Committee  made  their 
Report,  and  the  alterations  which  they  recommended  were  dis- 
cussed at  several  successive  meetings,  till,  on  the  19th  of  June, 
the  proprietors  voted  "  that  the  Common  Prayer,  as  it  now  stands 
amended,  be  adopted  by  this  church  as  the  form  of  prayer  to  be 
used  in  future  by  this  church  and  congregation."  The  vote  was 
passed  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  there  were  twenty  yeas  to  seven 
nays,  three  of  the  seven  dissentients,  though  still  proprietors, 
having  been  worshippers  at  Trinity  Church  since  1776.^ 

The  revised  Prayer  Book  was  put  to  press  immediately  on  its 
adoption,  and  was  ready  for  use  before  the  end  of  the  year.  It 
was  printed  by  Peter  Edes,  in  a  small  octavo  of  422  pages,  in 
fair,  large  type,  and  in  the  best  style  of  the  time.  Dr.  Free- 
man, in  his  correspondence,  speaks  of  it  as  entirely  satisfactory 
so  far  as  doctrine  is  concerned,  though  still,  on  the  score  of  taste, 

1  "  The  yeas  were  Thomas  Bulfinch,  Matthew  Nazro,  Charles  Williams,  Am- 

Tohn  Gardiner,  John  Wheelwright,  Jo-  brose  Vincent.    Messrs.  Dehon,  Box,  and 

seph   May,   John   Jutau,   Eben.   Oliver,  Nazro  were  those  who  had  worshipped 

George    R.    Mmot,   John   Amory,  John  at  Trinity  Church  since  1776."  —  Green- 

Templeman,    Joseph    Barrell,    Andrew  wood's  History  of  King's  Chapel,  p.  13S. 
Johonuot,  Charles  Miller,  Henry  John-  Of    actual    worshippers     in     King's 

son,    Joseph    Coolidge,    Jacob    Porter,  Chapel  at  this  time,  Dr.  Freeman  writes 

Robert    Hewes,   Thomas    Clement,   Jo-  that  there  were  about  ninctv  families,  of 

seph  Eayres,  Samuel  Breck,  Perez  Mor-  which    only  fifteen  were   indisposed   to 

ton.     The  nays  were  James  Ivers,  Theo-  favor  the  revised  Liturgy, 
dore  Dehon,  John  Box,  John   Haskins, 


382  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

demanding  further  alterations,  —  such,  no  doubt,  as  have  since 
been  made,  and  principally  during  his  lifetime.  So  many  of  the 
changes,  not  of  a  doctrinal  bearing,  are  identical  with  those  sub- 
sequently adopted  by  the  American  Episcopal  Church  that  the 
book  must  have  been  in  the  hands  of  the  compilers  of  their 
Book  of  Common  Prayer.  The  regular  morning  and  evening 
services  are  greatly  abridged  from  the  English.  The  Nicene 
Creed  is  of  course  omitted ;  the  Apostles'  Creed  is  retained, 
with  the  exception  of  the  clauses,  "  He  descended  into  hell  " 
and  "  The  holy  Catholic  Church."  For  the  Trinitarian  doxology 
is  substituted  that  "  to  the  King  eternal,  immortal,  invisible." 
In  the  Litany  the  petitions  addressed  to  the  second  and  third 
persons  of  the  Trinity  are  modified  ;  that  to  the  Trinity  collec- 
tively, suppressed.  The  petitions  adjuring  Christ  by  the  human 
experiences  of  his  earthly  life  are  omitted,  and  in  all  probability 
a  large  proportion  of  those  who  use  them  repeat  them  virtually 
under  protest,  as  they  are  not  in  accordance  with  the  now  pre- 
valent belief  of  Trinitarian  Christians.  The  prayer,  "  Good 
Lord,  deliv^er  us,"  is  offered,  not,  as  in  the  English  and  Ameri- 
can Episcopal  Prayer  Books,  concerning  "  sudden  death,"  but  more 
fittingly,  concerning  "  death  unprepared  for."  There  was  evi- 
dently no  intention  or  expectation  of  seceding  from  or  of  being 
disowned  by  the  Episcopal  Church,  which  had  then  no  corporate 
organization,  and  was  thus  incapable  of  authoritative  action, 
whether  friendly  or  adverse,  as  to  the  new  departure.  Accord- 
ingly, the  "  Prayer  for  the  Clergy  and  People  "  is  offered  for 
"all  Bishops  and  Ministers  of  the  Gospel,"  and  the  petition  in 
the  Litany,  for  "  all  Bishops,  Priests,  and  Deacons." 

The  Collects,  Epistles,  and  Gospels  are  retained  —  with  slight 
changes  in  the  Collects  —  for  Sundays,  for  all  the  great  epochs 
of  the  Christian  year,  and  for  the  Saints'  days,  "  Whit-Sunday  " 
(more  properly  VVhitsun-day),  instead  of  Trinity  Sunday,  being 
the  date  from  which  the  Sundays  are  numerically  reckoned  till 
the  first  in  Advent.  The  services  for  the  Holy  Communion, 
Baptism,  Matrimony,  the  Visitation  of  the  Sick,  ^nd  the  Burial 
of  the  Dead  are  retained  in  substance,  but  shortened,  simplified, 
and  where  such  change  seemed  necessary,  modernized  in  phra- 
seology, while  reference  to  the  Trinity  is  of  course  excluded. 
The  Catechism  is  almost  entirely  reconstructed  ;  and  for  much 
that  is  unintelligible  to  children,  some  things,  too,  which  it  requires 
special  illumination  for  an  adult  of  superior  culture  to  under- 
stand, was  substituted  a  compend  of  Christian  truth  and  duty 
in  language  so  simple  that  a  child  of  tender  years  could  hardly 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   JAMES    FREEMAN.  3?3 

require  a  word  of  explanation.  In  the  Catechism  we  find  the 
earliest,  if  not  the  only,  recognition,  in  a  manual  of  religious  in- 
struction, of  a  very  important  department  of  practical  ethics,  — 
"  In  what  manner  should  we  treat  the  inferior  animals  .?  "  The 
Psalter  is  retained  in  full  ;  but  passages  deemed  unfit  for  respon- 
sive reading  or  devotional  use,  such  as  imprecations,  are  printed 
in  italics.  The  book  closes  with  eight  Doxologies,  in  as  many 
different  metres,  five  of  them  addressed  to  God,  two  to  Jesus 
Christ,  and  one  to  God  and  Christ  successively.  These  are 
stanzas  of  high  poetical  merit,  eminently  fitted  for  worship, 
and  three  of  them  are  redolent  of  that  tender,  loving  loyalty  to 
Christ  which  characterizes  the  entire  volume,  and  has  been 
equally  characteristic  of  the  King's  Chapel  pulpit  and  ministry. 
The  author  of  these  Doxologies  was  Joel  Barlow,  who,  though 
in  later  years  a  freethinker,  was  then  the  poet  laureate  of  Con- 
necticut Congregationalism,  having  been  employed  by  the 
"  General  Association  "  to  revise,  for  use  in  the  churches,  Watts's 
version  of  the  Psalms,  and  to  supply  translations  of  the  twelve 
which  Watts  had  omitted. 

Tate  and  Brady's  version  of  the  Psalms  was  still  used  for 
worship,  till  superseded  by  a  collection  of  Psalms  and  Hymns 
specially  prepared  for  the  Chapel,  by  Mr.  Freeman  and  Joseph 
May,i  in  1799. 

When  this  Prayer  Book  appeared,  Mr.  Freeman  was  still  un- 
ordained,  and  by  Congregational  as  well  as  by  Episcopal  usage 
was  incompetent  to  celebrate  the  ordinances  of  Baptism  '^  and 

1  Joseph  May  was  born  in  Boston  in  means  of  rescuing  many  families  from 
1760,  and  spent  there  nearly  the  whole  utter  destitution,  with  its  attendant  moral 
of  his  eighty-one  years  of  life.  He  com-  perils,  and  was  the  life-long  friend  and 
menced°life  as  a  merchant,  but  for  the  benefactor  of  not  a  few  who  owed  all  that 
greater  part  of  his  active  years  was  sec-  they  were  to  his  fatherly  protection  and 
retary  of  the  Boston  Marine  Insurance  guidance.  Of  no  man  of  his  time  could 
Company,  and  for  more  than  thirty  years,  it  be  said  with  more  literal  truth  that  "  he 
by  appointment  of  the  Judge  of  Probate,  went  about  doing  good."  The  law  of 
held  the  office  of  Commissioner  for  the  heredity  had  its  conspicuous  illus'ration 
settlement  of  insolvent  estates.  He  was  in  his  son,  the  well-known  philanthropist, 
Dr.  Freeman's  most  intimate  friend  and  Rev.  Samuel  Joseph  May,  who  simply 
his  constant  helper,  and  was  Warden  of  carried  into  the  great  moral  enterprises 
the  Chapel  for  thirty  years.  He  had  the  of  his  generation  the  Christian  zeal, 
gift  of  sacred  song,  for  a  considerable  fidelity,  and  love  with  which  his  father 
part  of  the  time  led  the  singing,  and  dur-  had  dispensed  relief,  consolation,  and 
ing  his  entire  term  of  office  had  the  hope  among  the  grief-stricken  and  sin- 
principal,  virtually  the  sole,  charge  of  stricken  in  Boston.  See  pp.  4S3-4S7, 
that  department  of  worship.     He  was  in  post. 

every   sense   a   man  of   the   beatitudes.  2  According  to  the  best  authorities  in 

With  limited   means,  but  with  a  warm  the   Episcopal,  as   also   in   the   Roman, 

heart,  he  ministered  to  want,  need,  and  Church,   lay-baptism,  though   irregular, 

sorrow  with  unwearied  assiduity,  was  the  is  valid. 


384  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

the  Lord's  Supper.  The  Wardens  of  King's  Chapel  had  indeed 
addressed  a  letter  to  Bishop  Seabury  shortly  after  his  return  to 
America,  requesting  him  to  ordain  their  minister,  but  probably 
with  little  or  no  hope  of  a  favorable  answer,  as  he  was  not  only 
a  high  churchman,  but  a  half-pay  ex-chaplain  in  the  British 
army,  while  the  survivors  of  the  dispersion  that  re-assembled  in 
King's  Chapel  must  have  been  looked  upon  with  little  favor  by 
one  whose  political  as  well  as  religious  sympathies  were  with 
those  who  had  left  the  church  rather  than  with  those  who  ad- 
hered to  it.  In  March,  1786,  Bishop  Seabury  being  in  Boston, 
a  committee  of  the  King's  Chapel  congregation  called  upon  him 
and  renewed  their  request.^  He  replied  that  in  a  case  so  un- 
usual it  was  necessary  for  him  to  consult  his  clergy.  Mr.  Free- 
man, accordingly,  in  the  following  June,  appeared  before  the 
Episcopal  Convention  of  Connecticut.  He  thus  describes  his 
reception  :  — 

"  I  rode  to  Stratford,  where  a  convention  was  holding,  carrying  with 
me  several  letters  of  recommendation.  I  waited  upon  the  Bishop's  pres- 
byters and  delivered  my  letters.  They  professed  themselves  satisfied 
with  the  testimonials  which  they  contained  of  my  moral  character,  etc., 
but  added  that  they  could  not  recommend  me  to  the  Bishop  for  ordina- 
tion upon  the  terms  proposed  by  my  church.  For  a  man  to  subscribe 
the  Scriptures,  they  said,  was  nothing ;  for  it  could  never  be  determined 
from  that  what  his  creed  was.  Hereticks  professed  to  beUeve  them  not 
less  than  the  orthodox,  and  make  use  of  them  in  support  of  their  peculiar 
opinions.  If  I  would  subscribe  to  such  a  declaration  as  that  I  could 
conscientiously  read  the  whole  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  they 
would  cheerfully  recommend  me.  I  answered  that  I  could  not  con- 
scientiously subscribe  a  declaration  of  that  kind.  'Why  not?'  —  'Be- 
cause there  are  some  parts  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  which  I  do 
not  approve.'  '  What  parts  ? '  —  '  The  prayers  to  the  Son  and  the 
Holy  Spirit'  'You  do  not,  then,  believe  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity?' 
—  'No.'  'This  appears  to  us  very  strange.  We  can  think  of  no 
texts  which  countenance  your  opinion.  We  should  be  glad  to  hear 
you  mention  some.'  —  '  It  would  ill  become  me,  Gentlemen,  to  dispute 
with  persons  of  your  learning  and  abilities.  But  if  you  will  give  me 
leave,  I  will  repeat  two  passages  which  appear  to  me  decisive  :  There  is 
one  God,  and  one  Alediator  between  God  and  man,  the  man  Christ 
J^esj/s.  —  There  is  but  07ie  God  the  Father,  and  one  Lord  jfesus  Christ.  In 
both  these  passages  Jesus  Christ  is  plainly  distinguished  from  God,  and 
in  the  last,  God  is  expressly  declared  to  be  the  Father.'  To  this  they 
made  no  other  reply  than  an  '  Ah  ! '  which  echoed  round  the  room. 
'  But  are  not  all  the  attributes  of  the  Father,'  said  one,  'attributed  to 
the  Son  in  the  Scriptures?     Is  not  omnipotence,  for  instance?  '  — '  It  is 

1  In  this  connection  see  p.  621,  post. 


THE   MINISTRY   OF   JAMES    FREEMAN.  38$ 

true,'  I  answered,  '  that  our  Saviour  says  of  Himself,  All  power  is  given 
luito  me  in  Heaven  and  Earth.  You  will  please  to  observe  here  that  the 
power  is  said  to  be  given.  It  is  a  derived  power.  It  is  not  self-existent 
and  unoriginated,  like  that  of  the  Father.'  '  But  is  not  the  Son  omnis- 
cient? Does  He  not  know  the  hearts  of  men?'  —  'Yes,  He  knows 
them  by  virtue  of  that  uitelligence  which  He  derives  from  the  Father; 
but  by  a  like  communication  did  Peter  know  the  hearts  of  Ananias  and 
Sapphira.'  After  some  more  conversation  of  the  same  kind,  they  told 
me  that  it  could  not  possibly  be  that  the  Christian  world  should  have 
been  idolaters  for  seventeen  hundred  years,  as  they  must  be  according  to 
my  opinions.  In  answer  to  this,  I  said  that  whether  they  had  been 
idolaters  or  not  I  would  not  determine,  but  that  it  was  full  as  probable 
that  they  should  be  idolaters  for  seventeen  hundred  years  as  that  they 
should  be  Roman  Catholicks  for  twelve  hundred.  They  then  proceeded 
to  find  fault  with  some  part  of  the  new  Liturgy.  '  We  observe  that  you 
have  converted  the  absolution  into  a  prayer.  Do  you  mean  by  that  to 
deny  the  power  of  the  Priesthood  to  absolve  the  people,  and  that  God 
has  committed  to  it  the  power  of  remitting  sins?'  —  'I  meant  neither 
to  deny  nor  to  affirm  it.  'Jlie  absolution  appeared  exceptionable  to  some 
persons,  for  which  reason  it  was  changed  into  a  prayer,  which  could  be 
exceptionable  to  nobody.'  '  But  you  must  be  sensible,  Mr.  Freeman, 
that  Christ  instituted  an  order  of  priesthood,  and  that  to  them  He  com- 
mitted the  power  of  absolving  sins.  Whose  soever  sins  ye  remit,  they  are 
remitted  unto  him,  and  whose  soei'er  sins  ye  retain,  they  are  retai7ied^ 
To  this  I  made  no  reply  than  a  return  of  their  own  emphatic  Ah  I  Upon 
the  whole,  finding  me  an  incorrigible  heretick,  they  dismissed  me  without 
granting  my  request.  They  treated  me,  however,  with  great  candor  and 
politeness,  begging  me  to  go  home,  to  read,  to  alter  my  opinions,  and 
then  to  return  and  receive  the  ordination  which  they  wished  to  procure 
me  from  the  Bishop." 

Mr.  Freeman  next  applied  in  person  to  Rev.  Dr.  Provoost, 
Bishop-elect  of  New  York,  who  received  him  kindly,  and  ex- 
pressed his  approval  of  the  King's  Chapel  Liturgy,  but  very 
properly  made  no  promise  as  to  his  action  in  the  case,  which,  as 
he  intimated,  must  depend  in  part  on  judgments  other  than  his 
own.  Though  he  did  not  commit  himself,  all  that  is  known  of 
him  renders  it  probable  that  he  had  no  objection  to  admitting  to 
orders  persons  whom  a  rigid  dogmatic  standard  would  have  ex- 
cluded. After  Bishop  Provoost's  consecration  a  new  application 
was  made  to  him  in  a  document  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Freeman  and 
signed  by  the  Wardens,  and  a  courteous  answer  was  returned, 
declining,  in  accordance  with  the  advice  of  the  council  of  his 
diocese,  to  give  a  decision  till  the  meeting  of  the  General  Con- 
vention, the  time  for  which  was  probably  not  determined,  but 
VOL.  II.  —  25 


386  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

which  was  actually  held  in  1789.  Weary  of  delays,  the  society 
raised  the  question  of  an  ordination  other  than  Episcopal.  The 
alternatives  were  the  method  then  practised  in  the  Congrega- 
tional churches,  and  lay  ordination.  To  the  former  it  seemed  a 
sufficient  objection  that  the  society  would  thus  formally  separate 
itself  from  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  would  virtually  take  its 
place  in  a  denomination  with  traditions,  customs,  and  methods 
widely  different  from  its  own,  and  that  the  minister  would  then 
be  precluded  from  the  possibility  of  what  still  seemed  possible 
and  desirable,  — ordination  by  a  bishop  at  some  later  period. 
For  the  latter  alternative  it  was  urged  that  on  the  Congregational 
theory,  as  promulgated  in  the  Cambridge  Platform,  the  right  of 
ordination  resides  in  the  church  itself,  the  officiating  ministers 
serving  merely  as  its  agents,  and  that  in  some  then  well-known 
instances  the  members  of  the  church  had  exercised  this  right  in 
person,  without  objection  or  protest  on  the  part  of  the  clergy. 
Mr.  Freeman  himself  also,  in  1784,  while  still  desirous,  and  not 
without  reasonable  hope,  of  episcopal  ordination,  had  become 
convinced  that  all  that  was  essential  to  constitute  ordination  is 
the  solemn  ratification  of  the  choice  of  the  people  in  such  mode 
as  may  be  most  expedient  and  edifying.  On  mature  delibera- 
tion the  society  adopted  this  view,  and  agreed  upon  a  plan  and 
mode  of  ordination.  November  18,  1787,  was  the  time  agreed 
upon.  On  the  17th  of  the  same  month  the  following  protest 
was  received,  with  a  request  that  it  be  entered  in  the  church 
records : — 

"  Whereas  certain  persons  calling  themselves  proprietors  of  the  Stone 
Chapel  in  Boston  have  of  late  declared  that  the  pews  of  a  number  of  the 
original  proprietors  are  forfeit,  on  account  of  their  absence,  and  have  sold 
said  pews  to  persons  who  never  were  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  who 
hold  sentiments  diametrically  opposite  to  said  Church ;  and  said  new 
proprietors  have  introduced  a  Liturgy,  different  from  any  now  used  in 
the  Episcopal  churches  in  the  United  States,  and  articles  of  faith  which 
in  our  opinion  are  unscriptural  and  heretical ;  and  have  thereby  deprived 
many  of  the  proprietors  of  said  house  of  their  property  and  the  privilege 
of  worshipping  God  therein  according  to  the  dictates  of  their  consciences  ; 
and  whereas  we  are  informed  by  a  Committee  from  said  proprietors  that 
they  intend,  next  Lord's  day,  to  take  upon  themselves  to  authorize  Mr. 
James  Freeman  to  administer  the  sacraments  of  baptism  and  the  Lord's 
Supper  in  said  church,  and  to  receive  him  as  a  regular  ordained  Minis- 
ter, which  step  in  our  opinion  is  unprecedented,  irregular,  and  contrary 
to  apostolic  and  primitive  usage,  and  to  the  common  sentiments  of  al- 
most every  sect  and  denomination  of  Christians,  a  step  which  may  be 
attended  with  fatal  consequences  to  the  interests  of  religion  in  general 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   JAMES    FREEMAN.  387 

and  that  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  particular,  —  we  therefore  the  sub- 
scribers, in  behalf  of  ourselves  and  other  original  proprietors  of  this 
church,  who  have  authorized  us  to  act  for  them,  do  hereby  enter  our 
most  solemn  and  serious  protest  and  dissent  against  all  such  proceedings, 
and  particularly  against  the  settlement  and  pretended  ordination  of  the 
said  James  Freeman,  declaring  our  utter  abhorrence  of  measures  so  con- 
trary to  the  doctrine,  discipline,  and  worship  of  an  Episcopal  church,  and 
which  will  include  in  them  a  total  alienation  of  the  property  of  said  house 
from  the  use  intended  by  the  original  donors  or  founders. 

"James  Ivers,  for  himself  and  Jas.  Trecothick,  Esqr.  Gilbert 
Deblois,  for  himself,  Lewis  Deblois,  and  I^enry  Leddell.  James 
Lloyd,  for  Wm.  Vassal],  Esqr.  Henry  Smith,  for  Henry  Lloyd. 
James  Apthorp.  Charles  Williams.  Theodore  Dehon.  John 
Box.  John  Haskins.  Lvdia  Box.  Matthew  Nazro.  Ambrose 
Vincent.     Grizzell  Apthorp.     Dorothy  Forbes."  ^ 

The  following  account  of  the  ordination  is  copied  from  Green- 
wood's History  of  King's  Chapel :  — ■ 

"On  Sunday,  iSth  November,  17S7,  after  the  Rev.  Mr.  Freeman  had 
finished  the  reading  of  Evening  Prayer,  the  Wardens  joined  him  in  the 
reading-desk,  when  the  Senior  Warden  (Thomas  Bulfinch,  ]\L  D.)  made 
a  short  but  pertinent  address  to  the  vestrymen,  proprietors,  and  con- 
gregation, on  the  importance  of  the  service  in  which  they  were  now 
engaging. 

"  *  Brethren  of  the  Vestry,  proprietors,  and  congregation  who  statedly 
worship  in  this  church,  at  your  last  meeting  at  this  place  you  appointed 
this  day  for  the  ordination  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Freeman ;  you  then  deter- 
mined it  by  a  vote  which  I  shall  now  read,  to  be  signed  by  the  Wardens 
on  your  behalf.  But  as  this  mode  of  procedure  may  appear  new  and 
unprecedented  to  some  of  this  audience,  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  assign 
a  reason  for  adopting  it. 

" '  It  is  now  upwards  of  four  years  since  you  made  choice  of  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Freeman  for  your  Minister,  since  which  time  you  have  been  anxious 
for  his  ordination,  that  he  might  be  empowered  to  administer  the  ordi- 
nances of  the  Gospel ;  and  although  you  have  repeatedly  sought  for 
this  power,  yet  you  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  it.  Some  hopes  have 
been  conceived  from  the  American  Bishops,  the  Right  Rev.  Dr.  Seabury, 
and  since  from  the  Rt.  Rev.  Dr.  Provost;  but  that  prospect  being  still 
distant,  you  have  adopted  the  present  mode  rather  than  be  longer  de- 
prived of  those  ordinances.  As  the  business  before  us  is  of  a  serious 
and  important  nature,  it  becomes  us  to  begin  it  with  a  solemn  address  to 
the  great  Parent  of  mankind.' 

"  The  first  ordaining  prayer  was  then  read  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Freeman. 
The  Senior  Warden  then  read  the  ordaming  vote  ;  viz.  — 

^  Greenwood's  History,  pp   1S3-185. 


388  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

"  'We  the  Wardens,  vestry,  proprietors,  and  congregation  of  King's 
Chapel,  or  First  Episcopal  Church  in  Boston,  do  by  virtue  of  the  third 
article  in  the  Declaration  of  Rights  hereby  solemnly  elect,  ordain,  consti- 
tute, and  appoint  the  Rev.  James  Freeman,  of  said  Boston,  to  be  our 
Rector,  Minister,  Public  Teacher,  Priest,  Pastor,  and  teaching  Elder,  to 
preach  the  word  of  God,  and  to  dispense  lessons  and  instructions  in 
piety,  religion,  and  morality ;  and  to  minister  the  holy  sacraments  in  the 
congregation ;  and  to  do,  perform,  and  discharge  all  the  other  duties 
and  ofifices  which  of  right  belong  to  any  other  Rector,  minister,  public 
teacher.  Pastor,  teaching  elder,  or  Priest  in  orders. 

"  'And  it  is  hereby  understood  and  intended  that  the  authority  and 
rights  hereby  given  to  the  said  James  Freeman  to  be  our  Rector,  Min- 
ister, public  Teacher,  Priest,  teaching  Elder  and  Pastor,  are  to  remain 
in  full  force  so  long  as  he  shall  continue  to  preach  the  word  of  God,  and 
dispense  instructions  in  piety,  religion,  and  morality,  conformably  to  our 
opinions  and  sentiments  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  no  longer  ;  and  that 
our  judgment  of  his  not  thus  conforming  to  our  rehgious  sentiments 
and  opinions  shall  be  ascertained  by  the  votes  of  three  fourths  of  the 
Wardens  and  vestry,  and  of  three  fourths  of  the  proprietors  usually  wor- 
shipping in  said  church,  separately  and  individually  taken. 

"  '  Brethren,  if  this  vote  be  agreeable  to  your  minds,  if  you  readily 
and  cheerfully  adopt  it,  if  you  mean  to  convey  all  the  powers  expressed 
in  it,  please  to  signify  it.' 

"  In  token  of  their  unanimous  approbation,  the  proprietors  lifted  up 
their  right  hands. 

" '  If  it  is  your  desire  that  the  said  vote  be  now  signed  by  the  Wardens 
in  your  behalf,  please  to  signify  it.' 

"The  proprietors,  as  before,  unanimously  lifted  up  their  right  hands. 

"The  Senior  Warden,  then  addressing  Mr.  Freeman,  said:  'Rev. 
Sir,  it  appears  by  the  vote  in  favor  of  your  ordination  that  you  are  law- 
fully chosen  :  it  is  expected  that  you  now  declare  your  acceptance  of 
the  choice.' 

"  Mr.  Freeman  then  read  and  presented  to  the  Senior  Warden  the 
following,  subscribed  by  him  ;  viz., — 

" '  To  the  Wardens,  vestry,  proprietors,  and  congregation  of  the  Chapel 
or  First  Episcopal  Church  in  Boston. 
"  '  Brethren,  with  cheerfulness  and  gratitude  I  accept  your  election  and 
ordination,  which  I  believe  to  be  valid  and  apostolic.  And  I  pray  God 
to  enable  me  to  preach  the  word,  and  to  administer  the  ordinances  of 
religion  in  such  a  manner  as  that  I  may  promote  his  glory,  the  honor  of 
the  Redeemer,  and  your  spiritual  edification. 

'James  Freeman.* 

"  The  Senior  Warden  then  delivered  to  Mr.  Freeman  a  copy  of  the 
ordaining  vote,  signed  by  the  Wardens;  and  laying  his  hand  on  Mr. 
Freeman,  said,  — 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   JAMES    FREEMAN.  3^9 

« '  I  do  then,  as  Senior  Warden  of  this  church,  by  virtue  of  the  au- 
thority delegated  to  me,  in  the  presence  of  Ahnighty  God  and  before 
these  witnesses,  declare  you,  the  Rev.  James  Freeman,  to  be  the  Rector, 
Minister,  Priest,  Pastor,  public  Teacher,  and  teaching  Elder  of  this  Epis- 
copal church ;  in  testimony  whereof  I  deliver  you  this  book  [delivering 
him  a  Bible],  containing  the  holy  oracles  of  Almighty  God,  enjoining  a 
due  observance  of  all  the  precepts  contamed  therein,  particularly  those 
which  respect  the  duty  and  office  of  a  Minister  of  Jesus  Christ.  And 
the  Lord  bless  you  and  keep  you,  the  Lord  lift  up  the  light  of  his  coun- 
tenance upon  you,  and  give  you  peace  now  and  for  evermore.' 

"The  whole  Assembly,  as  one  man,  spontaneously  and  emphatically 
pronounced  Amen. 

"The  Rev.  Mr.  Freeman  then  read  the  second  ordaining  prayer, 
and  after  an  anthem  was  sung  by  the  choir,  preached  on  the  duties 
and  offices  of  a  Christian  minister.  Another  anthem  then  closed  the 
Evening  Service."  ' 

Of  course  the  protest  was  received  too  Late  for  deliberate 
action  upon  it,  unless  the  Wardens  and  Vestry  had  regarded  it 
as  of  sufficient  validity  and  force  to  warrant  an  arbitrary  change 
of  the  arrangements  that  had  been  announced  and  anticipated. 
In  the  course  of  the  ensuing  week  the  Wardens  prepared  a  vin- 
dication of  the  proceedings  of  the  society,  which  we  copy  as 
giving  the  most  authentic  record  of  the  actual  state  of  opinion 
and  feeling  among  its  members. 

"  The  Wardens  of  the  Chapel,  being  two  of  the  undoubted  proprietors 
of  it,  think  themselves  called  upon  to  vindicate  the  conduct  of  that 
church  respecting  the  ordination  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Freeman  on  the  last 
Lord's  day.  They  would  have  been  happy  if  some  of  the  former  pro- 
prietors had  not  thus  obliged  them  to  appear  in  public ;  but  the  forego- 
ing protest,  being  of  such  a  nature  as  to  mislead  the  public  at  large, 
obliges  them  to  display  the  impropriety  of  it.  At  the  same  time,  from 
the  respect  due  to  some  persons  whose  names  appear  in  the  protest,  they 
are  very  unwilling  to  hurt  their  feelings,  which  must  necessarily  be  done 
in  the  following  remarks. 

"  Before  they  enter  on  the  merits  of  the  cause,  it  will  not  be  amiss  to 
go  over  the  names  and  circumstances  of  the  Protestors,  and  leave  the 
world  to  judge  of  the  expediency  or  propriety  of  their  acting  in  this 
matter  at  all.  Previous  to  their  dissent,  a  Committee  from  their  body 
called  on  the  Senior  Warden,  desiring  information  respecting  the  ordina- 
tion. This  desire  being  made  known  to  the  vestry,  they  empowered  a 
Committee  to  wait  upon  them  and  to  furnish  them  with  a  copy  of  the 
votes  relative  to  the  business,  among  which  votes  there  was  one  ex- 
pressly forbidding  any  votes  by  proxy.  Notwithstanding  this,  five  proxies 
1  Greenwoods  History,  pp.  192-194. 


390  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

have  appeared  in  behalf  of  those  whose  local  situation  and  circumstances 
do  not  at  present  admit  of  their  voting.  The  dissentient  Committee  were 
at  the  same  time  niformed  that  if  any  objections  lay  against  our  proced- 
ure, a  meeting  should  be  called,  and  they  heard  upon  the  subject  before 
the  time  fixed  for  the  ordination.  No  such  meeting  was  desired,  and 
the  ordination  accordingly  took  place.  On  Saturday  evening  previous 
to  the  ordination,  another  Committee  called  on  the  Wardens  and  pre- 
sented the  protest,  which  was  on  the  next  day  after  service  laid  before 
the  church  and  congregation,  and  dismissed  by  an  unanimous  vote,  for 
reasons  which  will  be  given.  Now  let  us  see  who  the  Protestors  are, 
and  what  right  they  had  to  make  this  protest,  and  how  far  their  right 
extended. 

"The  Protestors  consist  of  17  in  number,  five  of  whom  we  conceive 
had  no  right  to  protest  at  all,  for  although  the  agents  who  appear  for  them 
may  be  their  lawful  attorneys  in  secular  matters,  yet  we  do  not  believe 
it  probable  that  they  can  be  competent  judges  of  their  opinions  on  mat- 
ters of  faith ;  and  there  is  quite  as  much  reason  to  think  that  some  of 
them  at  least  would  unite  with  us  in  opinion,  as  that  others  would  unite 
with  the  Dissentients.  For  instance,  how  does  Mr.  Ivers  or  Dr.  Lloyd 
know  that  Mr.  Trecothick  and  Mr.  Vassall  would  not  join  in  the  ordina- 
tion? As,  however,  it  is  very  improbable  that  Mr.  Trecothick,  who  is 
settled  in  business  in  London,  and  has  a  family  and  connections  there, 
will  ever  come  to  this  country,  except  on  a  visit,  this  vote  can  hardly  be 
reckoned.  The  same  may  be  said  of  Mr,  Henry  Lloyd,  whose  departure 
we  most  sincerely  lament,  Mr.  L.  Deblois,  and  Mr.  Leddell.  Where, 
then,  could  be  the  necessity  of  applying  to  these  gentlemen  for  their 
opinion  ?  Or  must  a  churcli  in  this  country  be  deprived  of  the  benefit 
of  the  holy  ordinances,  lest  the  mode  of  administering  them  should  not 
be  agreeable  to  some  of  its  brethren  at  a  distance?  However,  to  gratify 
our  dissentient  brethren,  we  will  admit  the  votes  of  these  five.  The  next 
person  we  shall  mention  is  Mr.  James  Apthorp,  of  Braintree,  a  gentleman 
who  left  this  town  several  years  ago,  and  joined  himself  to  the  church  at 
Braintree,  and  who,  although  he  was  upon  the  spot  when  Mr.  Freeman 
was  chosen  Minister  of  the  Chapel,  and  had  heard  of  the  amendments 
making  in  the  Liturgy,  yet  never  appeared  to  disapprove  of  them  ;  and 
yet  he  and  all  the  other  proprietors  were  desired  in  public  prints  to  ap- 
pear and  show  cause,  if  any,  why  the  church  should  not  proceed  to  the 
business  which  they  have  since  transacted.  With  how  much  propriety, 
therefore,  he  appears  in  the  above  protest,  the  candid  will  judge.  The 
next  three  persons  we  mention  are  Mrs.  Forbes,  Mr.  Dehon,  and  Mr. 
Nazro,  neither  of  whom  have  worshipped  at  the  Chapel  since  1775,  ^^' 
though  they  are  worthy  proprietors,  but  have  continued  to  worship  at 
Trinity  Church  previous  to  any  alteration  in  our  service.  We  have  now 
mentioned  eight  persons  out  of  the  seventeen  of  whose  right  to  interfere 
we  leave  to  the  decision  of  the  public.  Of  the  remainder  we  might  ex- 
cept against  Mrs.  Box  as  an  elderly  lady  who  has  been  unable  to  attend 


THE   MINISTRY   OF   JAMES    FREEMAN.  391 

public  worship  for  several  years  past ;  and  to  Mr.  Haskins  and  Mr.  Wil- 
liams as  having  voted  for  many  of  the  alterations.  As  we  do  not  recol- 
lect whether  Mr.  Ivers  and  Mr.  Box  voted  for  the  alterations,  we  shall 
not  include  them  in  that  number.  With  respect  to  Madam  Apthorp 
and  Mr.  Vincent,  they  have  frequently  worshipped  with  us  since  the 
alterations  were  made,  and  therefore  cannot  be  presumed  to  object  on 
that  account,  but  only  on  account  of  the  mode  of  ordination. 

"  The  last  person  to  be  mentioned  is  Mr.  Gilbert  Deblois,  a  gentleman 
who,  having  so  lately  returned  among  us,  we  fear  has  not  had  tune  to 
pay  sufficient  attention  to  the  alterations,  but  who,  we  hope,  when  he  has 
done  it,  will  make  us  happy  in  returning  with  his  family  to  our  Christian 
communion.  Now  let  us  see  how  many  of  the  old  proprietors,  those,  we 
mean,  who  were  such  before  the  war,  are  still  remammg  with  us.  Of 
these,  as  it  appears  by  the  church  books,  there  are  twenty-four,  who, 
without  mentioning  any  other  persons,  being  a  large  majority,  are  fully 
justified  in  taking  upon  them  the  conduct  and  management  of  the  church. 
But  besides  these  there  are  twenty  other  persons  who,  having  joined  them- 
selves to  the  church  by  purchasing  pews  and  becoming  proprietors,  have 
an  undoubted  right  to  give  their  assent  and  vote  in  church  transactions. 
We  might  go  on  and  reckon  a  great  number  of  other  respectable  per- 
sons who,  by  occupying  pews  and  statedly  paying  their  dues,  have  like- 
wise a  right  of  voting ;  and  of  these  old  and  new  proprietors  and 
occupiers,  not  one  dissenting  voice  was  heard  respecting  the  ordination. 

"  We  will  now  enter  upon  the  merits  of  the  protest  itself.  The  protest 
begins  thus  :  '  Whereas  certain  persons,  calling  themselves  a  majority  of 
the  proprietors  of  the  Stone  Chapel,'  did,  etc.  We  acknowledge  this 
to  be  true  ;  and  whereas  this  majority  consisted  of  at  leastyfz'^,  if  not  six,  to 
one  of  the  proprietors,  no  man  in  his  senses  will  assert  that  they  had  not 
a  just  right  so  to  do.  But  what  have  they  done?  'They  have  declared 
that  the  pews  of  a  number  of  the  original  proprietors  are  forfeit  on 
account  of  their  absence.'  But  the  Protestors  do  not  say  that  these 
forfeitures  are  just,  by  the  very  tenor  of  the  deeds  ;  nor  do  they  say 
that  there  is  a  standing  vote  of  this  church  that  if  any  of  said  proprie- 
tors, either  by  themselves  or  their  special  attorney,  apply  within  a  certain 
time,  they  shall  be  reimbursed  the  expenses  of  their  pews,  after  deduct- 
ing the  arrears  due  upon  them ;  nor  have  they  given  the  reason  for 
this  step,  which  was  to  defray  the  necessary  expenses  of  repairs  of  dam- 
ages incurred  during  the  war,  and  the  time  in  which  the  church  lay 
unimproved,  and  to  finish  the  building.  They  further  say  that  those 
pews  'have  been  sold  to  persons  who  never  were  of  the  Episcopal 
Church.'  This  is  a  very  extraordinary  remark.  We  would  wish  to 
know  if  in  the  Episcopal  Church,  or  elsewhere,  any  person  whose  life 
and  conversation  was  blameless,  was  ever  prevented  from  joining  any 
particular  society,  or  becoming  the  proprietor  of  a  pew,  provided  there 
was  room  for  him,  and  he  able  to  make  good  his  purchase.  We  have 
always  believed  that  the  Episcopal  Church  displayed  a  liberality  in  this 


392 


ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


respect  which  was  truly  commendable.  And  when  a  person  has  once 
become  a  purchaser,  we  wish  to  know  by  what  authority  he  can  be  pro- 
hibited from  giving  his  vote  in  any  case  whatever,  and  whether  such  a 
proprietor's  vote  is  not  as  valid  as  even  the  first  and  most  respectable  of 
its  Founders?  VVe  are  not  able  to  find  any  record  of  this  church  from 
its  foundation,  which  prohibits  the  sale  of  pews  lo  persons  of  any  persua- 
sion whatever ;  and  the  old  proprietors  of  the  church,  we  doubt  not,  are 
so  far  from  disajjproving  of  the  sale  of  pews  to  the  late  purchasers  that 
it  would  make  them  happy  to  dispose  of  as  many  more  to  persons  of 
equal  merit.  VVe  would  ask  these  Protestors  if  they  do  not  wish  from 
their  hearts  that  the  Episcopal  Church  in  general  might  grow?  And  how 
is  it  to  grow,  if  not  by  additions  from  other  churches?  But  look  at  the 
other  Episcopal  Churches  in  this  town  :  of  whom  do  the  far  greater  part 
of  them  consist,  but  of  those  who  were  educated  in  another  persuasion  ? 
And  are  they  allowed  to  have  no  vote  at  all  ?  But  this  matter  is  too  futile 
for  serious  discussion. 

"  The  Protestors  next  say  that  'these  new  proprietors  have  introduced 
a  Liturgy  different  from  any  now  used  in  the  United  States.'  This  asser- 
tion is  on  many  accounts  very  extraordinary.  Before  any  alteration  was 
made  in  the  Liturg}',  was  it  not  considered  at  a  meeting  of  the  members 
whether  any  alterations  in  the  service  were  necessary?  Was  it  not  voted 
in  the  affirmative  by  Messrs.  Haskins  and  Williams?  Was  not  a  Committee 
then  appointed  to  inquire  what  alterations  were  necessary?  Did  not  that 
Committee  consist  of  persons  who  have  always  been  of  the  Church? 
How^  then  can  it  be  said  to  have  been  done  by  the  new  proprietors? 
This  is  a  subterfuge  too  little  to  be  offered  to  the  public  in  a  matter  of 
such  importance.  Further,  was  there  not  an  unanimous  vote  at  the  first 
meeting  of  the  Committee,  before  any  business  was  acted  upon,  that  it 
was  still  the  opinion  of  the  Committee  that  some  alterations  were  neces- 
sary? We  pledge  our  word  to  the  public  for  the  truth  of  the  affirmative 
of  these  queries,  and  also  that  Messrs.  Haskins  and  Williams  voted  per- 
sonally for  many  of  these  alterations,  though  not  all  And  now  because 
the  business  has  not  terminated  exactly  to  their  minds,  they  appear  thus 
openly  against  the  Church.  However,  as  we  greatly  respect  these  gen- 
tlemen as  worthy,  conscientious  men,  we  will  not  wound  their  feelings  by 
saying  more  on  this  part  of  our  subject. 

"  We  come  now  to  the  last  article  to  be  taken  notice  of,  which  is  that 
'we  have  introduced  articles  of  faith  which  in  their  opinion  are  unscrip- 
tural  and  heretical,  and  have  thereby  deprived  many  of  the  proprietors 
of  their  property  in  the  house,  and  the  privilege  of  worshipping  God 
therein  according  to  the  dictates  of  their  consciences.'  As  to  depriving 
them  of  their  propert}',  the  Church  never  had  a  thought  of  doing  it.  We 
shall  be  very  happy  in  having  them  join  with  us  in  religious  worship  ;  but 
if  they  cannot  do  this,  they  may  still  retain,  or  doubtless  dispose  of  their 
property  in  the  Church  to  great  advantage.  As  to  the  introduction  of 
any  articles  of  faith,  the  charge  is  totally  without  foundation.     W'e  have 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   JAMES    FREEMAN.  393 

no  articles  of  faith  but  the  Apostles'  Creed.  It  is  true  some  parts  of 
that  are  omitted,  and  for  these  omissions  all  the  members  of  the  Com- 
mittee voted,  Mr.  Haskins  and  Mr.  Williams  not  excepted.  That  the 
world,  however,  may  know  what  those  tenets  and  articles  are  which  are 
so  unscriptural,  we  hereby  declare  that  we  worship  and  adore  one  only 
living  and  true  God,  the  parent  of  mankind,  the  bountiful  Giver  of  all 
Good ;  that  we  offer  our  adorations  to  him  in  the  name  of  his  dearly 
beloved  Son,  the  Redeemer  of  mankind ;  and  that  we  expect  and  hope 
for  pardon  and  acceptance  and  eternal  happiness  only  through  the 
mercies  of  God  in  Jesus  Christ.  And  if  this  is  the  doctrine  which  they 
call  heresy,  we  profess  thus  to  worship  the  God  of  our  fathers."  ^ 

In  December,  1787,  a  handbill  was  put  into  circulation,  and  by 
Mr.  Freeman's  request  reprinted  in  "  The  Massachusetts  Cen- 
tinel"^  of  Wednesday,  Jan.  2,  1788,  expressive  of  the  sentiments 
of  a  portion  of  the  Episcopal  clergy,  in  the  following  terms :  — 

WHEREAS  a  certain  Congregation  in  Bofton,  calling  themfelves 
the  firfl  EPISCOPAL  Church  in  faid  town,  have,  in  an  irregu- 
lar and  unconftitutional  manner,  introduced  a  Liturgy  effentially  differing 
from  any  ufed  in  the  Epifcopal  Churches  in  this  Commonwealth,  and 
in  the  United  States,  not  to  mention  the  proteftant  Epifcopal  Church  in 
general ;  and  have  alfo  affumed  to  themfelves  a  power,  unprecedented 
m  faid  Church,  of  feparating  to  the  work  of  the  Miniflry,  Mr.  yames 
Freeman,  who  has  for  fome  time  paft  been  their  Reader,  and  of  them- 
felves have  authorized,  or  pretendedly  authorized  him,  to  adminifter  the 
Sacraments  of  Baptifm  and  the  Lord's  Supper  ;  and  at  the  fame  time, 
moft  inconfiftently  and  abfurdly  take  to  themfelves  the  name  and  ftyle 
of  an  Epifcopal  Church. 

WE  the  Miniflers  of  the  proteftant  Epifcopal  Church,  whofe  names 
are  underwritten,  do  hereby  declare  the  proceedings  of  faid  Congrega- 
tion, ufually  meeting  at  the  Stone  Chapel  in  Eoffon,  to  be  irregular, 
unconftitutional,  diametrically  oppolite  to  every  principle  adopted  in 
any  Epifcopal  Church ;  fubverfive  of  all  order  and  regularity,  and  preg- 
nant with  Confequences  fatal  to  the  Interefts  of  Religion.  And  we  do 
hereby,  and  in  this  public  manner,  proteft  againft  the  aforefaid  Proceed- 
ings, to  the  end  that  all  thofe  of  our  Communion,  wherever  difperfed, 
may  be  cautioned  againil  receiving  faid  Reader  or  Preacher  (Mr.  James 
Freemaii)  as  a  Clergyman  of  our  Church,  or  holding  any  Communion 
with  him  as  fuch,  and  may  be  induced  to  look  upon  his  Congregation  in 
the  light,  in  which  it  ought  to  be  looked  upon,  by  all  true  Epifcopalians. 

Ediaard  Ba/s,  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Newbury- Port. 
Nathanael  FiJJier,  St.  Peter's  Church,  Salem. 
Safnuel  Parker,  Trinity  Church,  Bofton. 
Thomas  Fitch  Oliver,  St.  Michael's  Church,  Marblehead. 
IViiiiam  Afontague,  Chrift's  Church,  Bofton. 
John  C  Ogden,  Queen's  Chapel,  Portfmouth,  N.  Hampfliire. 
December,  1787. 

^  Greenwood's  Tlistory,  pp.  1S5-192.      (p.    136),   and   the   Salem   Mercury    for 
2  See  also  the  issue  of  Jan.  12,  1788     Jan.  8,  1788. 


394  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

The  Episcopal  clergy  in  Massachusetts  were  not  indeed  at 
that  time  numerous ;  yet  that  it  should  have  been  necessary 
to  go  out  of  the  State  in  order  to  procure  a  sixth  signature, 
indicates  on  the  part  of  some  of  the  ministers,  if  not  sympathy, 
at  least  a  lack  of  strong  antipathy,  with  reference  to  the  trans- 
actions of  King's  Chapel,  which  a  few  years  later  would  have 
encountered  a  vigorous,  earnest,  and  unanimous  protest.  It  is 
very  certain  that  those  proceedings  were  far  from  seeming  so 
abnormal  then  as  they  would  have  really  been  after  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of  America  and  of  the 
Diocese  of  Massachusetts. 

Mr.  Freeman's  ordination  was  the  subject  of  no  little  adverse 
criticism  at  the  outset,  but  was  defended  with  great  ability  by 
Dr.  Belknap,  and  was  practically  regarded  and  treated  as  suffi- 
cient and  valid  by  the  Congregational  ministers  of  Boston,  with- 
out any  exception  that  remains  on  record.  It  certainly  was  so 
considered  by  Mr.  Eckley,  whose  church  represented  the  re- 
puted orthodoxy  of  the  time.  No  clergyman  of  that  period  can 
have  had  a  ministry  more  prosperous  than  Mr.  Freeman's.  His 
society  grew  in  numbers  till  there  was  no  room  for  further  in- 
crease. There  seems  not  to  have  been  a  breath  of  dissatisfac- 
tion, or  on  the  part  of  his  congregation  anything  short  of  entire 
confidence,  unflagging  interest  in  his  public  services,  gratitude 
for  his  pastoral  fidelity,  affection  for  a  character  that  could  not 
but  be  loved,  and  a  respect  which  deepened  into  reverence  earlier 
and  faster  than  added  years  might  have  claimed.  In  his  reli- 
gious opinions  he  dissented  from  most  of  the  liberal  clergy  in  his 
neighborhood.  He  was  not  an  Arian,  yet  not  a  Humanitarian, 
in  the  low  sense  of  the  word.  He  evidently  recognized  in  Christ 
all  of  the  Divine  that  could  be  made  human.  His  sermons  had 
a  generous  range  of  subjects,  within,  but  never  beyond,  the  legiti- 
mate scope  of  the  Christian  pulpit.  They  were  largely  ethical ; 
but  their  morality  had  its  source,  authority,  example,  and  in- 
spiration in  the  Gospel.  They  were  in  the  purest  English,  in 
a  style  of  simple  elegance,  stimulating  to  thought,  feeling,  and 
conscience  ;  earnest,  while  unimpassioned,  and  enriched  and  en- 
livened by  condensed  and  epigrammatic  maxims  and  sentiments 
such  as  might  have  flowed  from  the  pen  of  a  baptized  Franklin. 
They  of  course  had  the  advantage  of  an  audience  that  would  at 
all  events  have  gone  to  church  ;  but  they  were  such  discourses 
as  in  a  period  of  more  lax  Sabbath  observance  would  have  drawn 
and  kept  full  congregations. 


THE    MINISTRY  OF   JAMES    FREEMAN.  395 

At  the  same  time  Mr.  Freeman  took  an  active  part  in  various 
forms  of  public  service.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  School 
Committee  (apart  from  the  Board  of  Selectmen)  ever  chosen 
in  Boston,  and  was  among  the  foremost  of  those  whose  skilled 
labor  gave  to  the  Boston  Public  School  system  a  shape  which 
had  further  need  only  of  development  and  growth.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  and 
contributed  largely  to  its  published  Proceedings.  He  was 
among  the  early  members  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts 
and  Sciences.  In  the  outside  world,  as  among  his  own  flock,  he 
was  regarded  as  possessed  of  a  practical  wisdom  never  at  fault, 
and  Rev.  Dr.  Walker  —  himself  thus  endowed  to  a  marvellous 
degree  —  was  wont  to  speak  of  Dr.  Freeman  as  the  wisest  man  he 
ever  knew.  While  in  gift  and  deed  he  was  generous  and  help- 
ful to  the  full  measure  of  his  ability,  in  his  manners  and  in  his 
social  intercourse  there  was  a  graceful  and  gracious  benignity 
which  made  his  presence  and  conversation  welcome  among  all 
sorts  and  conditions  of  people.  Simple,  sincere,  and  rigidly  truth- 
ful, he  was  never  unmindful  of  the  rights  or  the  feelings  of  those 
who  differed  from  him,  and  while  firm  in  his  own  convictions 
and  free  in  their  utterance,  he  claimed  for  others  the  privilege 
which  he  was  never  willing  to  surrender  for  himself.  As  he 
grew  old,  he  sought  and  always  won  the  attachment  of  young 
persons,  especially  of  young  ministers,  who  enjoyed  his  society, 
were  profited  by  his  counsel,  and  made  him  happy  by  their 
merited  success.  He  loved  children,  and  they  were  always 
drawn  to  him  as  by  an  attraction  of  ailfinity.  He  was  on  terms 
of  the  closest  intimacy  with  men  and  ministers  of  all  denomina- 
tions, and  with  none  more  than  with  the  saintly  Cheverus,  the 
Roman  Catholic  Bishop.  He  had  the  good  sense  and  sound 
judgment  which  led  him  to  despise,  with  an  emphasis  of  con- 
tempt as  intense  as  righteous,  the  bigotry  of  his  own  co-religion- 
ists. He  is  quoted  as  having  said  :  "  Sterne  complains  of  the 
cant  of  criticism.  I  think  the  cant  of  liberality  worse  than  that. 
I  have  a  neighbor  who  comes  and  entertains  me  in  that  way, 
abusing  the  Orthodox  by  the  hour,  and  all  the  time  boasting  of 
his  liberality." 

In  1788  Mr.  Freeman  married  Martha  (Curtis),  the  widow  of 
Samuel  Clarke.  He  had  no  children  ;  but  he  adopted  his  wife's 
only  son  ;  and  her  grandson,  Rev.  James  Freeman  Clarke,  D.D., 
was  brought  up,  for  the  most  part,  in  his  family,  and  was  indebted 
to  him  for  example,  instruction,  and  influence  which  he  deemed 
worthy  of  lifelong  and  eternal  gratitude.^ 

1  See  Dr.  Clarke's  poem  printed  on  p.  625, /^j/. 


39^  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Mr.  Freeman  performed  the  entire  duties  of  his  office  for  more 
than  thirty  years.  In  1S05,  Rev.  (afterwards  Professor)  Joseph 
McKean,  then  of  Milton,  was  invited  to  a  colleague  pastorship, 
but  declined.^  In  1808,  Mr.  Samuel  Gary  accepted  a  similar  in- 
vitation, and  was  ordained  on  the  first  day  of  the  following  year.^ 
At  the  time  of  his  fatal  illness  in  181 5,  Dr.  Freeman  ^  resumed 
the  sole  pastorate,  and  continued  to  discharge  its  duties  till 
1824,  when  Rev.  F.  W.  P.  Greenwood  was  installed  as  assistant- 
minister.  In  1826,  Dr.  Freeman  became  so  far  enfeebled  as  to 
suspend  his  services  as  preacher  and  pastor,  and  was  never  after- 
ward able  to  resume  them.  He  from  that  time  lived  wholly  at 
what  had  long  been  his  summer  residence  in  Newton.  At  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  Proprietors  on  Easter  Monday,  1827,  the 
following  votes  were  passed  unanimously:  — 

"  Voted,  That  the  Proprietors  of  this  Church  entertain  great  affection 
and  respect  for  the  Rev''  Dr.  Freeman,  and  fully  appreciate  his  long  and 
valuable  labours  as  senior  Pastor  of  this  Church ;  and  they  lament  that 
he  is  at  present  withheld  from  their  wishes,  being  disabled  by  the  dis- 
pensation of  Providence  from  officiating  in  his  pastoral  labours  over 
them.  And  the  Proprietors  feel  themselves  bound,  equally  by  duty  and 
inclination,  to  provide  for  him  an  honourable  and  comfortable  mainten- 
ance during  the  remainder  of  his  life.     Therefore  it  is 

"  Voted,  That  the  Proprietors  of  this  Church  will  pay  to  the  Rev'' 
Dr.  P'reeman  quarterly,  during  his  life,  a  salary  of  $1500  per  annum,  and 
will  take  measures  for  supplying  the  Pulpit  during  his  disability  at  their 
own  expense." 

This  provision  was  then  very  much  larger  than  it  seems  now. 
It  was  fully  equal,  in  amount  and  in  purchasing  power,  to  the 
average  salary  paid  by  the  most  prosperous  churches  of  the  city 
and  neighborhood.  The  proprietors  at  the  same  time  voted  to 
supply  the  pulpit  for  half  of  each  Sunday's  services  at  their  own 
expense.  Dr.  Freeman  lived  after  his  retirement  for  nine  years, 
in  frequent  suffering,  but  always  cheerful,  with  his  mental  vigor 

1  In    1803,   before    Joseph     Stevens  strances    of   his   father,  who,  himself   a 
Buckminster  began   to  preach,  measures  strong  Calvin ist,  was  greatly  grieved  by 
were  taken  to  secure  his  settlement  as  his  son's  leaning  toward  a  more  liberal 
assistant  minister  at  King's  Chapel.  Mr.  faith,  and  could  not  tolerate  his  accept- 
Freeman  was    connected  with    him  by  ance  of  a  charge  which  would  have  so 
marriage,     had    become     strongly     at-  clearly  defined  his  theological  position, 
tached  to   him,  and  was  very  earnestly  '^  Mr  Cary's  ministry  will  be  the  sub- 
desirous  of  his  service  in  this  more  inti-  ject  of  a  separate  chapter, 
mate   relation.     Mr.  Buckminster  seems  ^  In  iSii,  Mr.  Freeman  received  the 
to  have  been  no  less  solicitous  to  accept  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Har- 
the  office;  but  was  induced  to  relinquish  vard  College, 
all  thought  of  it   by  the  urgent  remon- 


THE   MINISTRY   OF  JAMES    FREEMAN.  397 

but  slightly  impaired,  and  with  his  religious  faith  and  trust  clear 
and  strong  in  the  close  and  ever  closer  view  of  death.  He  died 
on  the  14th  of  November,  1835,  after  a  ministry  extending  over 
something  more  than  fifty-two  years. 

Dr.  Freeman,  in  18 12,  published  a  volume  of  sermons,  which 
passed  through  three  editions.  In  1829,  he  printed  a  volume 
containing  eighteen  sermons,  and  a  charge  delivered  at  Brooklyn, 
Connecticut,  at  the  ordination  of  Samuel  J.  May.  This  volume 
was  not  published  nor  put  into  general  circulation,  but  was  issued 
at  his  own  charge,  and  a  copy  of  it  was  presented  by  him  to 
every  family  in  his  parish,  —  a  gift  acknowledged  by  the  Wardens 
and  Vestry  with  expressions  of  the  profoundest  gratitude  and 
affection. 

Dr.  Freeman  had  among  his  parishioners  during  his  entire 
ministry  a  large  proportion  of  the  men  of  high  standing  and 
commanding  influence  in  Boston,  and  none  held  him  in  dearer 
esteem  than  those  whose  esteem  was  best  worth  having.  Among 
these,  in  addition  to  those  already  mentioned,  we  may  name  John 
Amory  (1728-1805),  who  was  among  Dr.  Freeman's  most  inti- 
mate friends  ;  John  Gardiner  (173 1-1793),  educated  at  the  Inner 
Temple,  successful  as  an  advocate  in  the  English  courts,  and 
with  a  short  period  of  eminent  success  at  the  Suffolk  bar  ;  Joseph 
Coolidge  (i 747-1 820),  as  a  merchant  distinguished  equally  for 
enterprise  and  for  integrity,  in  private  life  pure,  true,  kind,  and 
charitable,  a  Christian  alike  in  faith  and  in  life,  and  bequeathing 
to  his  children  and  theirs  his  loyalty  to  the  Chapel,  its  service, 
and  its  ministry^  ;  Ebenezer  Oliver  (1752-1826),  a  man  univer- 
sally beloved,  honored,  and  lamented,  who  held  the  office  of 
Warden  from  1796  till  his  death,  and  was  Senior  Warden  for 
twenty-eight  years;  Christopher  Gore  (1758-1827),  Governor  of 
Massachusetts,  and  holding  various  offices  of  trust  and  honor 

1  From   the  Records  of  the   Vestry,  successive   years  &  until    his    decease. 

Nov.  17,  1820* —  And  while  with  mingled  affection  &  re- 

"  A  legacy  of  One  Thousand   dollars  gret  the  Wardens  &  Vestry  men  recollect 

from  the  late   Joseph   Coolidge,   Esq"!  ,  the  many  public  &  private  virtues  which 

'for  the  use  of  this  Society.'  adorned  &  endeared  M":    Coolidge,  they 

"  Voted,  That  the  Wardens  &  Vestry  of  desire  to  thank  GoD,  who  prospered  him 

King'sChapelgratefully  accept  this  dona  in   his    honorable    pursuit   of  wealth,  & 

tion  '  for  the  use  of  the  Society,'  so  truly  continued  to  him  the  means  &  the  dis- 

characteristic  of  the  munificent  Donor  position   to  be    eminently  charitable  & 

whose  warm  attachment  to  this  Society,  useful  to  the  close  of  a   long  &  happy 

its  Doctrines,  Officers,  Members,  &  Inter  life  of  73  years,  which  he  peacefully  re- 

ests,  he  manifested  by  a  constant  &  en-  signed   with    the    cheerful    yet  humble 

lightened  zeal  &  attention  from  its  re-  hopes  of  a  Christian  on  the  morning  of 

formation  in  1782;  having  been  an  active  the  6th  day  of  Oct.  last."     See  pp.  370, 

&  useful  member  of  its  Vestry  thirty-four  ante,  and  475,  post. 


398  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

under  the  national  government,  who  was  in  the  habit  of  express- 
ing unbounded  respect  and  admiration  for  Dr.  Freeman  ;  Thomas 
Minns  (1773-1836),  editor  of  the  "  New  England  Palladium"  for 
more  than  thirty  years,  filling  important  posts  of  public  service, 
upright,  honorable,  generous,  public-spirited,  held  in  the  highest 
regard  by  the  whole  community;  and  William  Minot  (1783- 
1873),  whose  firm  religious  faith  gave  tone  to  his  whole  life, 
which  was  as  rich  in  honor  as  full  in  years,  and  was  largely  de- 
voted to  the  charge  of  such  trusts  and  interests  as  demand  equal 
skill,  professional  ability,  and  integrity  for  their  care  and 
administration. 1 

King's  Chapel  (or  the  Stone  Chapel,^  as  it  was  generally  called 
for  thirty  years  or  more)  was,  during  the  greater  part  of  Dr. 
Freeman's  ministry,  largely  used  for  purposes  other  than  the 
services  of  the  church.  It  was  then  central,  its  architectural 
beauty  rendered  it  peculiarly  attractive,  and  its  congregation 
embraced  a  large  number  of  the  men  who  were  prominent  mem- 
bers of  the  societies  that  held  anniversary  or  commemorative 
services,  and  were  foremost  among  the  leaders  in  the  creation 
or  expression  of  public  opinion  and  sentiment  on  occasions  of 
special  interest  and  importance.  It  seems  to  have  been  preferred 
beyond  all  other  places  for  oratorios  and  for  concerts  of  sacred 
music.  The  earliest  performance  of  this  kind  of  which  we  have 
record  was  on  the  10th  of  January,  1786.  We  copy  the  pro- 
gramme, as  illustrative  of  the  then  existing  condition  of  the 
community,  of  the  kind  and  degree  of  musical  culture,  and  of  the 
strong  sympathy  already  felt  for  a  class  of  prisoners  among  whom 
there  were  always  many  persons  of  estimable  character,  as  there 
continued  to  be  till  the  imprisonment  of  unfortunate,  yet  honest, 
debtors  was  legally  abolished. 

The  Mufical  Society  in  this  town  agreed,  on  the  20th  lafl  month,  to 
perform  a  Concert  of  /acred  Mufick,  vocal  and  inftrumental,  at  the 
Chapel-Church,  on  Tuefday,  the  loth  day  of  this  prefent  month  of 
January,  for  the  benefit  and  relief  of  the  poor  prifoners  confined  in  the 
jail  in  this  town,  and  that  the  Mufuk  and  Morning  Service  of  the  Church 
are  then  to  be  performed  as  follows,  viz.  — 

1  The  list  might  be  indefinitely  pro-  but  the  original  name,  disused  at  the 
longed  ;  but  the  attempt  to  make  it  com-  period  when  the  country  ceased  to  have 
plete  would  convert  this  chapter  into  a  aking,  was  resumed  in  current  use  among 
large  section  of  the  biographical  history  the  worshippers  at  least  as  early  as  1804, 
of  Boston.  though  the  alternative  name  was  not  in- 

2  The  name    of   King's   Chapel  was  frequently  heard  at  a  much  later  date 
neither  dropped  nor  resumed  by  vote; 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   JAMES    FREEMAN.  399 

As  foon  as  the  Church  doors  are  fliut,  precifely  at  1 1  o'clock  in  the 
forenoon  of  that  day, 

I.  That  the  Overture  in  the  /acred  Oratorio  called  the  Occafional 
Oratorio,  compofed  by  the  late  celebrated  Mr.  Handel,  be  performed 
by  all  the  mufical,  inftrumental  band. 

II.  That  the  firft,  famous  and  juftly  celebrated  Recitative,  in  the  Ora- 
torio of  the  Messiah,  compofed  by  the  Inspired  Handel,  be  fung, 
accompanied  by  the  Jirjl  and  fecond  violin,  the  tenor  and  bafs  injlru- 
ments.  The  words,  "  Comfort  ye,  comfort  ye  my  people^  faith  your  God. 
Speak  ye  comfortably  to  Jerufalem ;  and  cry  unto  her,  that  her  warfare 
is  accompUflied,  that  her  iniquity  is  pardoned.  The  voice  of  him  that 
crieth  in  the  wildernefs.,  Prepare  ye  the  way  of  the  Lord,  tnake  flraight  in 
the  defart  an  high-way  for  our  God^ 

III.  That  the  firfl  fong  in  the  fame  mofl  facred  Oratorio  be  fung,  ac- 
companied by  the  proper  inRruments.  The  words,  "  Every  valley  fJiall 
be  exalted,  and  every  mountain  and  high  hill  fJiall  be  brought  low,  and  the 
crooked  fJiall  be  made  flraight,  and  the  rough  places  plain ;  and  the  glory 
of  the  'Lo'RDflzall  be  revealed.'''' 

IV.  The  Morning  Service  of  the  Church  is  then  to  begin  ;  and  after 
the  Lord's  Prayer,  and  the  four  verficles  following,  then  the  Doxology, 
or  Glory  to  God,  —  "Nozv  unto  the  King  eternal,  immortal,  invifible" 
&>c.,  as  fet  to  Mufick  by  Mr.  Selby,  is  to  be  performed  by  all  the  voices, 
accompanied  by  the  Organ  only. 

V.  That  the  Anthem  from  the  95th  Pfalm,  in  the  ufual  Morning 
Service  of  the  Church,  "  O  come  let  us  fmg  unto  the  Lord,^'  6-r.,  be  fung 
or  faid. 

VI.  That  the  4ifl,  112th,  and  146th  be  read  as  the  proper  Pfalms  for 
the  day  ;  after  each  of  which,  the  fame  Doxology,  as  fet  to  mufick  by 
Mr.  Selby,  be  performed  by  all  the  voices,  accompanied  by  the  Organ 
and  all  tlie  inflruments. 

VI  [.  'I'hat  the  4th  Concerto  of  Amizou,  Mufica  de  Capella,  opa.  7  ma., 
be  performed  by  the  Organ  and  all  the  inflruments,  as  and  for  the 
Voluntary. 

VIII.  That  the  firft  leffon  for  the  day,  taken  from  the  4th  chapter  of 
Tobit,  from  the  3d  to  the  end  of  the  nth  verfe,  with  the  16th  verfe  of 
the  fame  chapter,  be  read. 

IX.  Then  that  the  Te  Deum,  or  "  We  praife  thee.,  O  God,  we  acknow- 
ledge Thee  to  be  the  Lord"  6^^.,  be  chanted. 

X.  Then  that  the  fecond  leffon  for  the  day,  taken  from  the  25th  chap- 
ter of  Matthew,  from  the  3 1  fl  verfe  to  the  end  of  verfe  the  40th,  to 
be  read. 

XI.  Then  \hQ  Jubilate  Deo,  or  "(9  be  joyful  in  the  Lord,  all  ye  Lands," 
is  to  be  fung,  as  and  for  an  Anthem,  by  the  voices,  accompanied  by  all 
the  inflruments. 

XII.  Then  the  Apoflles'  Creed  will  be  read. 

XIII.  Immediately  after  that  Creed,  the  fong  from  the  Oratorio  of 


400  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

the  Messiah,  "  The  Trumpet  JJiall  found,  and  the  Dead JJiall  be  raifed^' 
&c.,  is  to  be  fung,  accompanied  by  the  Trumpet,  &c. 

XIV.  Then  the  Verficles  after  the  Creed,  with  the  firft  Colledt  for 
the  day,  are  to  be  read.     And  after  the  fame, 

XV.  Tlie  fong  from  the  Oratorio  of  Sampfon  is  to  be  fung.  —  The 
words,  — 

"  Let  the  bright  Cherubims,  in  burning  Row, 
Their  loud,  upHfted,  angel  Trumpets  blow." 

XVI.  Then  the  fecond  and  third  Colle6ls,  the  Prayer  for  Congrefs, 
and  the  Prayer  for  all  forts  and  conditions  of  men,  be  read. 

XVII.  Then  the  fecond  Organ  Concerto  of  Mr.  Handel  is  to  be 
performed. 

XVIII.  Then  the  General  Thankfgiving  and  the  concluding  Prayers 
are  to  be  read. 

XIX.  Mr.  Selby  will  then  play  a  Solo,  Piano,  on  the  Organ,  during 
which  the  fentences  in  the  Offertory  will  be  read,  ihe  Boxes  at  the  fame 
time  being  carried  about  to  receive  the  Contributions  and  Donations  of 
the  charitable  and  humane. 

XX.  Then  "  the  Prayer  for  the  whole  flate  of  Chriffs  Church  mili- 
tant here  on  earth  "  is  to  be  read,  and  the  Morning  Service  of  the  Church 
is  to  end  with  the  ufual  concluding  Prayers  and  Bleffmg. 

XXI.  Laftly,  the  mufical  Band  will  perform  a  favourite  Overture  of 
Mr.  Bach. 

N.  B.  Tickets  for  this  Charity,  at  three  fliillings  each,  as  we  are  in- 
formed, will  be  offered  for  fale  in  every  part  of  the  town. 

We  are  further  informed  that  all  the  Minifters  of  all  the  feveral  religious 
focieties  and  perfuafons  in  this  town,  with  Jofeph  Henderfon,  Efq.,  the 
High-Sheriff  of  the  County,  Samuel  Breck^  Efq-,  and  Thomas  Dawes, 
Efq.,  Members  for  the  Tovfxi,  Jofeph  Barrell,  Efq.,  Do6lor  Cha?'les  Jarvis, 
and  Samuel  Henjliaiv,  Efq.,  are  chofen  by  the  Musical  Society  to  be 
a  Committee,  for  the  purpofe  of  appropriating  all  Monies  to  be  raifed 
by  the  fale  of  the  Tickets,  and  which  may  accrue  from  the  Donations 
and  Contributions  of  the  charitable  and  hutnane  towards  the  fupport  of 
this  Charity. 

The  firft  appropriation  of  the  money,  for  the  affording  neceffary  cloath- 
ing,  firing,  and  provifions  to  the  moft  neceffitous  prifoners  for  debt. 

1^"  We  hope  none  will  be  backward  in  bellowing,  according  to  their 
ability,  for  this  truly  benevolent  purpofe. 

On  September  4,  1787,  the  use  of  the  Chapel  for  a  concert  of 
sacred  music  was  granted  to  a  committee  of  the  Hollis  Street 
Church  "  to  assist  that  congregation  in  rebuilding  their  meet- 
ing-house," which  had  been  recently  burned. 

The  next  occasion  of  the  kind  was  the  "  Oratorio,  or  concert 
of  Sacred  Musick,"  performed  on  the  27th  of  October,  1789,  in 


THE   MINISTRY   OF   JAMES    FREEMAN.  401 

the  presence  of  George  Washington,  President  of  the  United 
States.^  This  occasion  certainly  has  enough  of  historical  inter- 
est to  render  its  programme  worth  preserving. 

FIRST   PART. 

1.  A  congratulatory  Ode  to  the  President. 

2.  The  favourite  Air  in  the  Mefliah  (compofed  by  the  celebrated 
Handel),  "  Comfort  ye  tny  People^''  by  Mr.  Rea. 

3.  Organ  Concerto  —  by  Mr.  Selby. 

4.  The  favourite  Air  ni  the  Oratorio  of  Samfon  (compofed  by  the 
celebrated  Handel),  "-Let  the  bright  Seraphim,'^  by  Mr.  Rea. 

5.  Anthem  from  looth  Pfalm,  compofed  by  Mr.  Seiby. 

PART     THE     SECOND. 

The  Oratorio  of  Jonah. 

Complete.  —  The  folos  by  Meffrs.  Rea,  Fay,  Brewer,  and  Dr.  Rogerfon. 
The  Choruffes  by  the  Independent  Mufical  Society.  The  inftrumental 
parts  by  a  Society  of  Gendemen,  with  the  band  of  his  Moft  Chriltian 
Majefty's  Fleet. 

Ihe  Miific  to  begin  precifely  at  XT  o'clock  in  the  forenoon.  No  perfon 
will  be  admitted  zvithout  a  ticket. 

No  more  tickets  will  be  fold  than  7vill  admit  of  the  auditory  being  con- 
vefiie?itly  accommodated. 

This  programme,  it  seems,  could  not  be  fully  carried  out, 
"  thro'  the  indisposition  of  several  singers,"  and  was  advertised, 
on  the  1st  of  December,  to  be  performed  in  full  "  this  evening 
if  the  weather  permits  ;  otherwise,  to-morrow  evening,  the 
Musick  to  begin  precisely  at  six  o'clock  p.  M."  We  are  inclined 
to  think,  from  such  memoranda  as  we  have  in  hand,  that  this 
concert,  with  little  variation  in  music  or  performers,  may  have 
been  given  on  one,  possibly  two,  other  occasions  beside.  The 
proceeds  were  applied  to  the  "  finishing  of  the  colonnade,  or 
portico,  of  the  Chapel  agreeably  to  the  original  design." 

The  Handel  and  Haydn  Society,  formed  in  181 5,  gave  no  less 
than  seven  concerts  in  King's  Chapel,  —  the  last  on  the  r/th  of 
March,  18 17.  These  were  performed  with  the  then  usual  orches- 
tral accompaniments,  and  the  choruses  were  sung  sometimes  by 
a  hundred  voices.  Rev,  Dr  Pierce  writes  of  one  of  them,  "I 
heard  for  the  first  time  [on  such  an  occasion]  a  kettledrum.  It 
added  but  little  to  the  harmony,  in  my  estimation." 

On  the  9th  of  June,  18 13,  the  Humane  Society  held  its  anni- 

^  While  he  was  in  the  Chapel,  Gal-  Belknap's  Diary,  printed  in  Mass.  Hist, 

lagher,  the   painter,  stole  a  likeness  of  Society's  Proceedings  for  March,   1S58, 

him  from  a  pew  behind   the    pulpit.  —  iii.  310. 
VOL.  II.  —  20 


402  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

versary  in  King's  Chapel,  listened  to  an  Address  by  Rev.  Henry 
Colman,  and  took  up  a  collection  in  aid  of  its  philanthropic  work. 
Dr.  Pierce  writes :  "  A  solemn  gloom  pervaded  the  audience,  as 
the  Rev.  Joseph  S.  Buckminster  had  that  afternoon  expired." 

On  the  24th  of  October,  1813,  the  reputed  anniversary  of  the 
discovery  of  America  by  Columbus,  and  at  the  same  date  in  the 
three  following  years,  the  American  Antiquarian  Society  held  in 
the  Chapel  its  first,  second,  third,  and  fourth  annual  celebration, 
the  orators  on  those  occasions,  respectively,  being  Rev.  Dr. 
Jenks,  then  of  Bath ;  Rev.  Dr.  Holmes,  of  Cambridge  ;  Wilham 
Paine,  M.  D.,  of  Worcester  ;  and  Rev.  Dr.  Bentley,  of  Salem.  On 
December  22d,  18 13,  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society  met 
at  the  Chapel  for  the  public  celebration  of  the  landing  of  the 
Pilgrims,  and  an  appropriate  Address  was  delivered  by  Judge 
John  Davis,  a  native  of  Plymouth,  during  his  long  lifetime  the 
richest  inheritor  of  Plymouth  traditions,  and  recognized  as  of 
final  authority  as  to  the  early  history  of  the  Old  Colony.^ 

Beside  these  anniversary  occasions,  we  have  the  record  of  two 
very  remarkable  services  held  in  King's  Chapel  in  connection 
with  memorable  crises  in  the  world's  history.  The  first  of  these 
was  in  celebration  of  the  Russian  victories  which  turned  the 
tide  of  Napoleonic  supremacy  and  heralded  the  release  of  west- 
ern Europe  from  military  despotism.  We  cannot  find  that  any 
address  of  the  ordinary  type  was  delivered  ;  but  there  were  devo- 
tional services,  with  appropriate  music,  and  a  marvellous  "  read- 
ing of  the  Scriptures"  by  Dr.  Freeman,  whose  manuscript  of 
the  same  is  indorsed,  "  Discourse  delivered  at  King's  Chapel  be- 
fore Two  Thousand  of  the  Citizens  of  Boston  assembled  to 
celebrate  the  Russian  Victories,  March  25th,  1813."^  Itconsists 
of  a  series  of  selections  of  Scripture,  so  arranged,  matched,  we 
might  almost  say,  dovetailed,  as  to  give,  from  a  religious  point  of 
view,  a  sketch  of  the  history  of  Europe  from  the  rise  to  the  de- 
cline of  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  with  that  of  the  United  States 
under  its  first  four  Presidents,  closing  with  prophecies  of  peace. 
The  venture  was  a  bold  one.  The  alternative  was  entire  success 
or  utter  failure.  But  as  we  read  the  "  Discourse,"  we  cannot  dis- 
cover a  sentence  or  clause  that  ought  to  have  been  omitted,  and 
we  doubt  whether,  were  we  to  search  the  Bible  through,  we 
should  alight  on  any  text  which  we  should  want  to  insert  or  add. 

1  There  are  also  on  record,  as  granted,  tion  of  the  seventeenth  anniversary  of 

applications  for  the  use  of  the  Chapel,  the  Boston  Medical  Dispensary, 

in  1798,  by  Joseph  May,  in  behalf  of  the  ^  printed    in    Mass.    Hist.    Society's 

Charitable  Fire  Society,  and  in  1813,  by  Proceedings  for  March,  1S81,  xviii.  383 

Joseph  Coolidge,  Jun.,  for  the  celebra-  et  scq. 


THE    MINISTRY    OF   JAMES    FREEMAN.  403 

The  service  was  followed  by  a  splendid  entertainment  in  Faneuil 
Hall,  at  which  transparencies  were  exhibited,  representing  the 
portrait  of  the  Czar  and  the  burning  of  Moscow,  and  toasts  were 
given  which  indicate  the  intense  partisan  feeling  of  the  Boston 
Federalists,  who  alone  can  have  borne  part  in  the  festival.^ 

A  still  more  memorable  occasion  was  the  solemn  thankssivins: 
observed  on  the  downfall  of  Bonaparte,  and  the  fulfilment  of  the 
hopes  which  had  dawned  upon  Christendom  in  the  previous 
summer.  The  service  took  place  at  the  Chapel  on  the  15th  of 
June,  1 8 14.  It  was  then  that  Dr.  Channing  delivered  the  dis- 
course which  first  gave  him  widely  extended  reputation,  and 
which  is  still  regarded,  in  breadth  and  depth  of  vision,  in  pro- 
found thought,  in  intense  fervor  of  patriotic  devotion,  in  philan- 
thropic sentiment,  and  in  glowing  eloquence,  as  second  in  merit 
to  none  of  his  subsequent  discourses,  as  it  was  certainly  second 
to  none  in  the  inspiration  of  the  events  that  gave  it  birth.^ 

Among  the  pleasant  records  of  Dr.  Freeman's  ministry  is  the 
occupancy  of  the  Chapel  at  alternate  hours  by  the  members  of 
the  West  Church  while,  after  Dr.  Lowell's  settlement  in  1806, 
they  replaced  their  decayed  wooden  house  of  worship  by  the 
spacious  brick  edifice,  once  more  than  filled  by  a  prosperous 
congregation,  and  now  deserted  because  of  its  remoteness  from 
any  centre  of  Protestant  population. 

There  is  reason  to  believe  that  great  care  was  taken  from  the 
time  of  the  reopening  of  the  Chapel  that  the  musical  service 
should  be  not  only  thoroughly  devotional,  but  level  with  the 
taste  and  science  of  the  time.  There  are  not  wanting  indica- 
tions that  William  Selby,  who  was  organist  from  1782  to  1804, 
was  at  the  head  of  his  profession,  we  can  hardly  say  as  an 
organist,  for  there  cannot  have  been  organs  enough  in  Boston  to 
justify  a  comparison,  but  as  a  musical  performer.  His  salary 
was  £()6  I'^s.  4tl,  —  equivalent  to  two  hundred  dollars.  It  is  evi- 
dent that  his  successors  ^  were   regarded  as  his   inferiors,  their 

^  The  second   toast  was,   "Our  Na-  ine  Graupner,  1814-1817  ;  Sophia  Hewitt 

tional  Rulers:    May  the  people  see  in  1S17-1S19;    Thomas  Spear,   1819-1S22; 

them   now   what    history   must    say    of  Joseph  Eckley,  1S22-1826.     There  seems 

them     hereafter,"     and     the     eleventh,  to  have  been  a  break  in  Miss  Hewitt's 

"The    memory   of    \Yashington, — ren-  term  of  service,  due  perhaps  to  illness  or 

dered  more  precious  by  the  errors  and  absence.     A  vote  was  passed  on  the  26th 

follies  of  the  present  times."  of  May,  1818,  thanking  Joseph  Eckley  for 

2  The    Peace    between    the    United  six  months  of  gratuitous  "  performances 

States  and  Great  Britain  was  also  cele-  as  organist,  —  services   skilful,   tasteful, 

brated  in  the  Chapel.     See  p.  62^, post.  and   impressive  in  a   high   degree,  and 

2  These  were  Mrs.  Vanhagen,   1804-  heightened  in  the  estimation  of  the  Ves- 

1810;    Miss   Susannah  Stephens,   1810-  try  by  the  polite  manner  in  which  they 

1814;  Samuel  Stockwell,  1814;  Gather-  were  tendered  and  performed." 


404  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

salary  having  been  one  hundred  and  seventy  dollars  till  1820, 
when  the  incumbent's  compensation  is  raised  by  the  sum  of 
thirty  dollars.  In  1785  a  subscription  was  opened  for  defraying 
the  expense  of  instruction  in  music  of  "  such  persons  of  both 
sexes  as  incline  to  learn  to  sing  psalm-tunes."  The  teacher 
employed  was  the  then  celebrated  composer  William  Billings, 
whose  tunes,  within  the  memory  of  octogenarians,  were  heard 
constantly  in  public  worship,  though  "Jordan  "  is  the  only  one 
that  retains  its  place  in  our  music  books.  His  compensation 
was  twelve  shillings  —  that  is,  two  dollars  —  an  evening,  for 
fifty-nine  evenings.  The  singing  was  conducted  by  a  volunteer 
choir  throughout  Dr.  Freeman's  ministry,  and  for  many  years 
afterward  leading  portions  of  the  musical  service  were  directed 
and  performed  as  labors  of  love  by  prominent  members  of  the 
congregation.  On  special  occasions  it  would  appear  that  the 
choir,  probably  reinforced  from  other  churches,  as  was  the  pre- 
valent custom,  had  festive  entertainments  provided  by  the  offi- 
cers of  the  church.  We  have  before  us  an  innkeeper's  bill 
(with  items),  amounting  to  53^-.  \d.,  or  a  little  less  than  nine 
dollars,  "  for  the  entertainment  of  the  singers  of  the  Chapel 
Church    25   December,    1788." 

In  December,  1782,  and  in  September,  1788,  repairs  were 
made  on  the  organ,  and  probably  at  other  times  prior  to  May  6, 
1824,  when  the  Wardens  agreed  with  William  Goodrich,  then 
the  principal  organ  builder  in  Boston,  to  repair  the  organ,  insert 
an  adequate  number  of  sub-bass  pipes,  and  put  the  instrument 
"  into  the  most  perfect  condition  "  for  three  hundred  dollars, 
which  sum  was  to  be  paid  in  part  by  a  deed  of  pew  No.  56, 
valued  at  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  dollars. 

The  original  design  of  the  Chapel  had  a  tall  spire,  resembling 
those  of  some  of  Wren's  churches  in  London,  of  which  the  pre- 
sent tower,  or  lantern,  was  to  be  the  base.  The  colonnade  was 
also  in  the  plan,  but  was  omitted  in  the  building.  In  1784  the 
Wardens  and  Vestry  recommended  to  the  proprietors  "  to  begin 
on  the  colonnade  and  spire  as  soon  as  the  season  will  permit." 
The  work  on  the  spire  was  never  commenced;  but  in  1785  the 
other  portion  of  the  work  was  begun.  It  was  not  completed  till 
the  summer  of  1787.  The  entire  cost  of  the  "stone  steps, 
colonnade,  capitals,  etc.,"  was  ;^356  i\d.,  or  a  little  less  than 
twelve  hundred  dollars.  The  roof  of  the  tower  was  blown  off  on 
the  9th  of  October,  1804,  and  fell  on  a  shed  two  hundred  feet 
distant  from  the  Chapel.     The  gale  which  occasioned  this  dis- 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   JAMES    FREEMAN.  40$ 

aster  was  memorable  as  having  blown  down  and  demolished 
the  spire  of  Christ  Church.^ 

The  bell  of  King's  Chapel,  made  in  London,  and  weighing 
two  thousand  four  hundred  and  seventy-five  pounds  without  the 
clapper,  was  hung  in  1772.  It  was  unequalled  in  New  England 
both  for  power  and  for  sweetness  of  tone.  On  the  8th  of  May, 
1814,  it  was  cracked  while  tolling  for  evening  service.  It  was 
new  cast  by  Paul  Revere  &  Co.,  and  re-hung  on  February  23, 
1816?     It  was  again  re-hung  in  1853. 

It  seems  hardly  possible  that  there  should  not  have  been  in 
the  early  time  some  means  of  warming  the  Chapel  other  than 
the  foot-stoves  which  were  in  universal  use.  To  be  sure,  con- 
gregations were  accustomed  to  attend  Sunday  services  in  the 
cold ;  but  that  a  concert  lasting  through  the  greater  part  of  a 
January  day  in  an  unheated  church  should  have  drawn  a  suffi- 
cient audience  to  furnish  funds  for  "  firing  "  in  prison-cells,  is 
hardly  conceivable.  Yet  the  earliest  vote  that  we  find  on  this 
subject  is  on  January  27,  iSiO,  "  that  the  Wardens  be  requested 
to  take  further  and  effectual  measures  to  secure  the  vestry-room 
from  conflagration  by  the  large  quantities  of  coal  necessarily 
kindled  therein  for  the  supply  of  foot-stoves."  The  tradition  is 
that  it  was  a  part  of  the  sexton's  duty  to  fill  these  stoves  and 
carry  them  to  the  several  pews.  On  the  lOth  of  October,  1816, 
a  committee  was  appointed  "  to  provide  and  erect  such  stoves, 
etc.,  as  shall  warm  the  church  comfortably  and  securely  when 
the  weather  shall  be  cold."  The  committee,  however,  appear 
to  have  ignored  the  plural  number  in  the  above  vote;  for  on 
the  30th  of  November,  18 19,  "the  Wardens  were  requested 
to  have  the  second  stove  erected."  In  the  following  November 
a  committee  was  appointed  "  to  consider  and  report  upon  the 
expediency  and  expense  of  a  furnace  or  Wakefield  stove  to 
warm  the  Church  by  heated  air." 

A  portion  of  the  material  which  would  strictly  come  within 
the  limits  of  Dr.  Freeman's  pastorate  is  reserved  for  the  chapter 
on  Dr.  Greenwood,  who  was  for  eleven  years  associate  pastor 
with  him,  and  has  preserved  all  the  finest  traditions  of  his 
ministry.  A  copy  of  Dr.  Freeman's  bust  by  Shobal  Vail 
Clevenger,  and  the  inscription  beneath  it,  is  given  on  the 
succeeding   page. 

1  The  present  spire  of  Christ  Church  2  The  contract  and  other  papers  per- 

was   built  by  Charles    Bulfinch,  in  the     taining  to  this  work  are  printed  on  pp. 
same  general  style  with  its  predecessor,     622,  dzTy,  post. 
but  with  some  changes  in   proportions 
and  details. 


4o6 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   JAMES    FREEMAN. 


REV.  JAMES   FREEMAN,  D.D. 

Pastor  of  this  Church,  chosen  April  21,  1783. 

Ordained  Nov.  18,  1787.     Died  Nov.  14,  1835,  Aged  76  years. 

Df  Freeman  was  the  first  Unitarian  preacher  in  this  city ;  and  he 

adorned  the  doctrine  he  professed,  by  his  Christian  simpHcity, 

purity  and  faithfuhiess,  by  the  benevolence  of  his  heart,  and  the  benignity 

of  his  manners.     Respect  for  his  talents,  and  for  the  courageous  honesty 

and  firmness  with  which  he  maintained  his  opinions,  was  mingled 

with  love  for  his  mildness  and.  affectionate  sympathy. 

In  theological  attainments  there  were  few,  and  in  the  qualities  which 

endear  a  minister  to  his  people,  there  were  none,  to  surpass  him. 


The  bust  was  placed  here,  December  16,  1843, 
by  a  grateful  congregation 


CHAPTER   XXII. 

THE   MINISTRY   OF   SAMUEL   GARY. 


AMUEL  GARY,  the  youngest  son  of  Rev.  Thomas 
Gary,  of  Newburyport,  was  born  in  that  town,  No- 
vember 24,  1785.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  College 
in  1804.  Mr.  Freeman  probably  knew  him  previ- 
ously, or  at  least  was  interested  in  him  on  his  father's  account. 
However  this  may  have  been,  he  was  greatly  impressed  by  Gary's 
Gommencement  performance,  and  said  to  Dr.  Pierce,  who  chroni- 
cled his  words  on  that  very  day :  "  I  never  knew  a  better 
speaker.  I  have  heard  my  classmate  Rufus  King,  and  all  the 
eminent  speakers  since  his  time.  But  this  young  man,  in  my 
estimation,  exceeds  them  all.  I  should  rejoice  to  have  him  for 
my  colleague."  This  impression  was  deepened  by  Mr.  Gary's 
part  as  an  orator  at  the  inauguration  of  President  Webber  in 
1806,  of  which,  though  not  accustomed  to  the  free  use  of  super- 
latives, Mr.  Freeman  wrote:  "His  oration  on  that  occasion 
has  rarely  been  equalled,  never  exceeded." 

Mr.  Gary  studied  divinity  for  three  years  at  Cambridge.  We 
have  no  record  of  his  having  occupied  any  other  pulpit,  when 
in  November,  1807,  he  was  invited  to  assist  Mr.  Freeman  during 
some  temporary  period  of  illness  or  infirmity.  At  the  close  of 
this  engagement,  Messrs.  Ebenezer  Oliver  and  Joseph  May,  the 
Wardens,  addressed  to  him  the  following  letter,  dated  June  20, 
1808: — 

"  The  Wardens  of  King's  Chapel,  in  behalf  of  the  Vestry  and  Congre- 
gation, present  their  grateful  compliments  to  Mr.  Cary,  &  enclose  him  four 
hundred  dollars,  for  the  assistance  he  has  afforded  the  Rev''  Mr.  Free- 
man in  preaching  to  us  during  the  seven  months  last  past. 

"The  Wardens  would  be  wanting  in  justice  to  Mr.  Cary,  as  well  as  to 
themselves,  if  they  should  omit  to  express  to  him  the  great  satisfaction 
they  have  enjoyed  under  his  ministry,  and  the  peculiar  gratification 
which  they  derive  from  observing  a  young  Gentleman  of  Mr.  Gary's  ex- 
cellent character  and  sterling  talents  engaging  himself  so  generously  as 
the  advocate  for  the  Christian  Religion  in  its  purity  and  simple  dignity. 


408  ANNALS    OF    KING'S   CHAPEL. 

"  Wherever  Mr.  Gary  may  be  called,  or  however  occupied  in  this  de- 
lightful &  honourable  calling,  he  may  be  assured  of  the  good  wishes  and 
affectionate  regards  of  the  Wardens  of  King's  Chapel." 

To  this  letter  Mr.  Gary  replied  as  follows:  — 

Cambridge,  June  23rd,  1S08. 

GentlemExN,  —  I  take  y*^  earliest  opportunity  of  acknowledging  y"-'  re- 
ceipt of  your  most  obliging  note,  w^^  was  handed  to  me  yesterday.  It 
affects  me  more  sensibly  than  I  can  describe  to  you  that  my  services 
should  have  been  followed  by  this  warm  testimony  of  your  satisfaction, 
&  that  your  kindness  to  me  should  have  suggested  terms  of  approba- 
tion more  strong  than  I  could  have  expected  or  than  I  deserve.  You 
have  given  me  a  pleasure  most  grateful  &  most  animating,  in  allowing 
me  to  believe  that  these  first  eftbrts  in  discharging  y"^  duties  of  my  pro- 
fession have  not  been  wholly  without  interest  &  without  use. 

You  will  permit  me,  gentlemen,  in  return,  to  thank  you  &  y*"  society 
for  y*^  civilities  vv**  have  been  shown  me,  &  for  y'^  candor  with  w''''  my 
public  services  have  been  received.  These  marks  of  regard  have  excited 
feelings  of  gratitude  w''*'  I  am  certain  will  never  be  effaced.  What  is  to 
be  my  future  situation  in  life  I  know  not ;  but  whatever  it  be,  I  shall 
always  look  back  upon  this  period,  during  w"''  I  have  been  connected 
with  you  &  your  minister,  as  one  of  y'^  happiest  of  my  life. 
I  am,  gentlemen, 

Your  most  obed.  Serv', 

S.  Gary. 

In  the  autumn  of  1808  Mr.  Gary  received  an  invitation  to 
become  Mr.  Freeman's  colleague.  His  answer,  dated  Novem- 
ber, 1808,  is  addressed  to  the  "Wardens  of  King's  Ghapel." 

Gentlemen,  —  I  have  considered  the  proposition  made  me  through 
you  by  the  Society  at  the  Ghapel  that  I  should  become  their  Minister. 
I  have  determined  to  accept  this  call ;  and  I  have  now  to  request  you  to 
communicate  this  answer  to  the  Vestry  &  Congregation,  with  my  best 
wishes  that  my  ministry  among  them  may  be  as  successful  as  I  believe 
it  will  be  a  happy  one. 

I  am,  Gentlemen, 

Your  humble  servant. 


/a^^^nJ^ /:i''^^  - 


Mr.  Gary's  ordination  took  place  on  Sunday,  January  ist,  1809, 
at  the  evening  (or  afternoon)  service.  The  order  of  service  was 
substantially  the  same  as  at  Mr.  Freeman's  ordination,  the  senior 
minister  performing  the  part  which  had  then  devolved  on  the 
Senior  Warden.  The  ordaining  vote  varies  from  that  on  the 
former  occasion  only  in  the  omission  of  the  word  "  Rector,"  the 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    SAMUEL   GARY.  409 

substitution  of  "  ordinances  "  for  "  sacraments,"  and  the  addition 
of  the  following  clause:  "And  if  at  any  time  hereafter  ordi- 
nation by  the  hands  of  a  bishop,  in  the  common  and  usual  form, 
can  be  procured  for  the  Rev.  Mr.  Gary,  without  sacrificing  our 
religious  sentiments  to  those  of  others,  we  will  adopt  that  me- 
thod in  addition  to  the  present  mode  of  ordination."  ^  Mr. 
Freeman  also  "  gave  Mr.  Gary  his  right  hand,  in  token  of  broth- 
erly love  and  of  the  affection  of  this  church,  addressed  him,  and 
then  the  congregation,  and  closed  with  a  prayer  for  the  members 
of  this  church,  and  a  benediction."  Mr.  Gary  then  preached  a 
sermon,  which,  with  the  other  services  of  the  day,  was  printed 
by  vote  of  "  the  proprietors  and  occupants  of  pews." 

The  text  of  the  sermon  is  :  "  He  that  hath  my  word,  let  him 
speak  my  word  faithfully."  We  quote  a  few  passages  from  it,  to 
show  the  spirit  in  which  Mr.  Gary  entered  on  his  ministry. 

"  It  is  the  duty  of  a  faithful  preacher,  having  made  himself  master 
of  the  word  of  God,  to  preach  it  in  its  purity,  or  to  deliver  no  doctrines 
on  the  authority  of  the  Supreme  Being  but  such  as  He  has  thought 
proper  to  reveal  explicitly. 

"  A  preacher  should  beware  of  the  danger  of  preaching  with  too  much 
earnestness  the  peculiarities  of  human  systems,  even  though  the  object 
of  these  systems  should  be,  as  is  sometimes  alleged,  to  make  the  word  of 
God  plain,  or  consistent  with  itself  .  .  . 

"  There  is  so  much  labor  requisite  to  a  right  understanding  of  the 
word  of  God  that  a  Christian  minister  has  really  no  time  to  become 
an  expert  sectarian.  There  is  in  the  world  so  much  immorality,  against 
which  it  is  our  duty  to  contend  earnestly,  that  we  really  ought  to  suffer 
our  learned  and  pious  brethren  to  amuse  themselves  with  their  harmless 
speculations,  without  pouring  curses  upon  their  heads,  or  thinking  our- 
selves bound  to  injure  their  reputation  and  ruin  their  influence.  .  .  . 

"  I  hold  it  a  crime,  my  friends,  to  pledge  myself  at  this  period  of  my 
life  to  defend  the  dogmas  of  any  human  theological  system.  I  acknowl- 
edge the  infallibility  of  no  being  but  Almighty  God  ;  the  divine  authority 
of  no  book  but  the  Bible ;  the  necessity  of  no  other  language  to  express 
articles  of  faith  and  rules  of  duty  than  that  which  the  Spirit  dictated  to 
Ghrist  and  his  apostles.     I  will  be  the  slave  of  no  man's  creed,  because 

1  This  is  by  no  means  so  strange  as  sachusetts  then  had  no  bishop,  the  East- 
it  seems.  In  a  former  chapter  it  has  crn  Uiocese  was  not  then  organized,  and 
been  shown  how  loosely  the  lines  were  it  might  have  ai)peared  not  beyond  a 
drawn  between  the  Episcopal  and  Con-  reasonable  probability  that  the  compre- 
gregational  clergy.  It  was  later  than  hcnsive  policy  into  which  the  Episcopal 
this  that  a  Unitarian  minister  officiated  Church  had  unwittingly  drifted  might 
at  the  dedication  of  an  Episcopal  church  become  its  rule  and  method  in  the  States 
in  Portsmouth,  and  several  years  later  afterward  embraced  in  the  Eastern 
that  three  Unitarian  clergymen  preached  Diocese, 
at  St.  Peter's  Church  in  Salem.     Mas- 


410  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

among  all  that  endless  variety  of  opinions  which  have  rent  the  Church 
asunder,  there  is  not  one  which  is  supported  by  better  authority  than  the 
name  of  some  human,  and  therefore  erring,  teacher,  .  .  . 

"  You  will  .  .  .  expect  from  me  no  detail  of  my  speculative  opinions. 
They  are  really  of  too  little  consequence  to  be  brought  forward  at  a 
period  so  interesting  as  the  present.  You  know  that  I  am  a  Christian. 
I  have  preached  to  you,  and  shall  continue  to  preach,  Jesus  Christ  and 
his  gospel.  My  aim  as  your  minister  will  be  to  lead  you  to  heaven,  and 
not  into  the  fields  of  religious  war ;  to  urge  you  to  be  followers  of 
Jesus,  and  not  of  Arminius,  or  Calvin,  or  Hopkins." 

Mr.  Gary  won,  retained,  and  merited  the  undivided  and  un- 
qualified confidence,  respect,  and  affection  of  his  parishioners, 
and  gave  promise  of  a  foremost  place  and  distinguished  reputa- 
tion among  the  clergy  of  his  time.  He  stood  to  his  senior  as- 
sociate in  a  relation  hardly  less  close  than  had  he  been  his  son. 
They  were  of  one  mind  and  one  heart,  the  younger  never  acting 
without  the  counsel  of  the  elder;  the  elder  gladly  welcoming 
whatever  new  light  or  life  the  younger  might  bring  to  their  com- 
mon work,  and  seeming  to  rejoice  more  in  his  colleague's  success 
than  ever  in  his  own. 

In  general  society  Mr.  Gary  was  somewhat  reserved  ;  but 
among  those  under  his  charge  and  his  personal  friends  he  bore 
his  full  part  in  social  intercourse,  and  manifested  a  warm  inter- 
est in  whatever  interested  them.  He  took  strong  hold  on  the 
affection  of  the  children  and  youth  of  the  parish,  held  the  cate- 
chisings  of  the  early  time,  which,  when  skilfully  and  lovingly 
conducted,  were  by  far  the  best  mode  of  public  religious  instruc- 
tion for  children,  and  by  his  influence  largely  increased  the 
number  of  young  communicants.  As  a  preacher  he  was  simple 
and  direct  in  style,  always  impressive,  often  eloquent.  His 
sermons  were  addressed  to  the  reason,  understanding,  and  con- 
science of  his  hearers,  on  the  great  themes  of  religious  belief  and 
obligation.  He  by  no  means  refrained,  as  it  might  have  been 
inferred  from  his  ordination  sermon  that  he  would,  from  the 
subjects  of  theological  controversy  then  rife ;  but  he  never 
failed  to  do  full  justice  to  his  opponents.  In  his  position  as  to 
Christian  doctrine  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  he  was  in 
closer  sympathy  with  his  colleague  than  with  the  (so-called) 
Arians  of  his  time. 

In  1811  appeared  the  second  edition  of  the  Prayer-Book,  of 
which  it  is  believed  that  Mr.  Gary  was  virtually  the  editor. 
In  this  edition  the  omissions  and  changes  are  few,  the  ad- 
ditions many.     The  Te  Deum  is  changed  for  the  worse,  and 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   SAMUEL   GARY.  411 

in  later  editions  the  form  adopted  in  the  original  revision  is  re- 
stored. The  Apostles'  Creed  is  omitted.  In  the  Litany  prayer 
is  offered  not  only,  as  in  the  first  edition,  for  the  illumination 
of  "all  Bishops,  Priests,  and  Deacons,"  but  also  of  "other  Minis- 
ters of  the  Gospel  of  all  denominations."  Among  the  Occasional 
Prayers  is  one  "  for  malefactors  after  condemnation."  The 
Collects,  Gospels,  and  Epistles  for  Saints'  Days  are  omitted. 
The  Communion  service  is  so  shortened  and  simplified  that  it 
has  since  required  no  change,  and  could  hardly  admit  of  im- 
provement. There  are  nine  Collects  "to  be  said  after  the 
Communion,"  and  nineteen  "  before  and  after  sermon."  Of 
these,  several  are  from  the  English  Book  of  Common  Prayer. 
These  and  two  or  three  others  are  still  in  use  in  the  Chapel  ;  but 
the  greater  number  of  these  Collects,  while  admirable  as  forms 
of  prayer,  are  too  long  for  the  place  assigned  to  them  in  the 
regular  church  service.  In  an  Appendix  are  four  additional 
Services,  "  taken  from  the  Liverpool  and  Salisbury  Liturgies," 
Collects  for  the  Annual  Fast  and  Thanksgiving,  and  forms 
of  Family  Prayer. 

Mr.  Cary  was  married  on  the  26th  of  September,  181 1,  to  Mary 
Ann,  daughter  of  John  Atkinson,  of  New  York.  They  had  two 
sons,  of  whom  the  elder  died  in  infancy.  The  younger,  crippled 
when  two  years  old  by  a  fall,  —  a  boy  of  rare  beauty  of  character 
and  richness  of  promise,  —  lived  but  eleven  years. 

Early  in  the  spring  of  18 15  Mr.  Cary  became  an  invalid  ;  and 
on  his  being  advised  to  seek  restored  health  by  a  foreign  voyage 
and  sojourn,  the  proprietors  of  King's  Chapel  passed  the  following 
votes : — 

"1815,  Aug  6. 

"  Voted,  That  the  proprietors  of  this  church  hear  with  much  concern 
of  Rev.  Mr.  Gary's  continued  indisposition,  and  that  he  considers  it 
expedient  to  leave  the  country  for  a  milder  climate,  in  order  thereby 
to  regain  his  health. 

"Voted,  That  the  Wardens  be  requested  to  facilitate  the  departure 
of  Rev.  Mr.  Cary  by  pecuniary  advances,  and  all  other  manifestations 
of  the  kindness,  respect,  and  affection  of  the  members  of  this  society. 

"  Voted,  That  the  Wardens  be  specially  requested  to  assure  Rev.  Mr. 
Cary  of  our  increasing  attachment  to  his  person  and  character,  our 
entire  satisfaction  with  his  labors  as  our  minister,  our  wishes  that  his 
voyage  may  be  pleasant  and  propitious,  and  our  earnest  prayers  for  the 
speedy  restoration  of  his  health,  and  for  his  early  return  to  his  honorable 
and  important  duties  among  us. 

"Voted,  That  the  proprietors  duly  appreciate  the  delicate  generosity  of 
Rev.  Mr.  Gary's  offer  to  relinquish  all  compensation  during  his  absence  ; 


412  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

that  they  feel  themselves  unable  to  meet  his  wishes  in  this  respect, 
and  do  hereby  direct  the  Wardens  to  continue  paying  Rev.  Mr.  Gary 
his  salary  as  usual,  advancing  to  him  $750  on  that  account." 

Mr.  Gary  sailed  for  Europe  on  the  3d  of  September.  The 
voyage  was  unusually  short,  and  there  seems  to  have  been  some 
hope  of  improvement  during  his  first  days  in  England  ;  but  on 
the  22d  of  October  he  was  suddenly  seized  on  the  road  with 
symptoms  that  threatened  immediate  dissolution,  and  his  death 
occurred  within  two  hours  of  his  arrival  at  the  nearest  town. 
In  accordance  with  his  request,  his  body  was  taken  to  London, 
and  the  funeral  service  was  performed  by  Rev.  Thomas  Belsham, 
minister  of  the  Essex  Street  Chapel,  The  following  extract 
from  Mr.  Belsham's  sermon  on  the  succeeding  Sunday  is  the  most 
complete  account  that  we  have  of  the  last  weeks  of  Mr.  Gary's 
life,  the  details  having  been  undoubtedly  derived  from  Mrs. 
Gary :  — 

"  Endued  with  a  vigor  of  constitution  which  promised  length  of  days, 
and  which  perhaps  occasioned  the  neglect  of  prudent  caution,  he  was 
seized  in  March  last  with  an  accidental  cold,  which,  not  exciting  imme- 
diate alarm,  was  not  treated  with  sufficient  attention,  and  which  of  con- 
sequence went  on  increasing  in  violence,  and  gradually  sapping  his 
excellent  constitution,  till  in  the  month  of  July  he  found  himself  incapable 
of  continuing  his  public  services,  and  retired  for  a  few  weeks  to  what  was 
conceived  to  be  a  more  salubrious  climate.  He  returned  somewhat  re- 
lieved, but  without  any  radical  improvement.  Some  of  his  friends  then 
suggested,  and  he  was  himself  inclined  to  hope,  that  a  voyage  across  the 
Atlantic  might  be  of  service  to  his  health,  and  that  a  winter  spent  in  the 
mild  climate  of  England  might  perfect  his  recovery.  He  accordingly 
left  Boston  in  the  month  of  September.  His  passage  was  remarkably 
expeditious ;  but  the  weather,  being  uncommonly  wet,  was  unfavorable  to 
an  invalid.  About  three  weeks  ago  he  landed  at  Liverpool,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  Yorkshire,  where  he  passed  a  few  days  in  the  house  of  a  friend. 
But  finding  himself  a  little  revived,  he  was  anxious  to  continue  his  pro- 
gress towards  the  South,  being  desirous,  after  passing  a  few  weeks  near 
the  metropolis,  to  spend  the  winter  in  the  West  of  England.  He  travelled 
slowly  and  by  short  stages,  as  he  was  able  to  bear  it,  accompanied  by 
Mrs.  Gary,  whose  tender  solicitude  for  his  health  and  comfort  ani- 
mated her  to  endure  the  fatigues  of  a  long  voyage,  and  of  a  residence 
in  a  land  of  strangers,  —  together  with  another  friend.  Being  refreshed 
by  gentle  exercise  and  change  of  air,  he  pleased  himself  with  the  hope 
that  upon  some  early  day,  perhaps  at  this  very  hour,  he  should  be  able 
to  assist  in  divine  worship  in  the  Chapel  which  Mr.  Lindsey  had  founded, 
in  which  that  great  and  good  man  had  statedly  officiated,  and  where  the 
doctrine  which  he  himself  regarded  as  of  the  first  importance,  —  that  of 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   SAMUEL   GARY.  413 

the  sole,  unrivalled  majesty  and  worship  of  the  one  God  and  Father  of  all, 
—  was  still  publicly  taught.  But  this  favor  was  denied.  Last  Lord's 
Day  (October  22)  he  was  at  Cambridge,  in  better  spirits  than  usual,  and 
expressed  his  delight  in  the  transient  view  which  he  enjoyed  of  the  vener- 
able and  majestic  buildings  of  that  ancient  seat  of  learning.  In  the  even- 
ing he  pursued  his  journey ;  but  a  mile  before  he  came  to  Ro)ston,  he 
was  seized  with  a  difficulty  of  breathing,  and  an  acute  pain  across  the 
chest.  With  much  difficulty  he  was  taken  forward  to  the  end  of  the 
stage,  and  notwithstanding  all  the  assistance  which  could  be  given,  and 
the  humane  attention  which  he  experienced,  not  only  from  the  (ew 
friends  who  accompanied  him,  but  from  the  strangers  who  surrounded 
him,  Mr.  Gary  expired  within  two  hours  after  his  arriwil. 

"  Almost  with  his  latest  breath  he  expressed  a  wish  that  his  remains 
might  be  taken  to  London,  and  that  his  funeral  service  might  be  per- 
formed by  the  officiating  minister  of  Essex  Street  Ghapel,  to  whom  he 
had  brought  a  letter  of  introduction,  and  with  whom  he  had  expressed  a 
desire  to  become  acquainted,  and  who  on  his  part  would  have  been  truly 
gratified  had  an  interview,  however  short,  been  permitted  with  a  charac- 
ter so  interesting.  All  that  Divine  Providence  in  fact  allowed  was,  that 
he  should  fulfil  the  dying  request  of  his  unknown  friend  by  officiating  at 
his  funeral."  ^ 

Mrs.  Gary  wrote  for  her  only  surviving  child  a  memoir  of  his 
father,  prepared  for  the  contingency  of  her  death  before  he  could 
hear  the  story  from  her  own  lips.  From  this  we  extract  a  por- 
tion of  the  narrative  of  her  husband's  last  years  and  last 
hours  :  — 

"  He  was  indeed  truly  good,  .  .  .  generous,  upright,  and  sincere,  a 
true  Christian  both  in  principle  and  practice.  ...  I  lived  with  him  but 
four  years.  We  seemed  to  have  everytliing  to  enjoy,  —  health,  friends,  and 
competence.  The  world  smiled  upon  us.  I  do  not  remember  anything 
that  interrupted  our  fehcity  till  we  lost  our  first  child,  — a  most  lovely  boy 
of  eleven  months.  His  name  was  James  Freeman,  after  Dr.  Freeman, 
to  whom  we  were  much  attached.  It  was  a  stroke  that  filled  our  hearts 
with  grief  I  do  not  think  your  father  ever  recovered  from  it.  Although 
he  was  perfectly  resigned  to  the  Will  of  Heaven,  yet  he  felt  an  aversion 
to  mix  in  society,  remained  more  at  home  than  was  good  for  his  health, 
and  applied  himself  to  study,  which  gradually  undermined  his 
constitution. 

"In  November,  18 14,  his  second  child  was  born;  but  still  he  could 
not  forget  his  grief 

"In  March,  1815,  he  was  attacked  with  a  violent  cold,  which  con- 
fined him  for  six  weeks,  then  journeyed  to  Philadelphia,  came  home 
better,  but  not  cured. 

1  Greenwood's  History,  pp.  202-4. 


414  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

"  A  voyage  across  the  Atlantic  was  then  suggested.  There  was  no 
good  vessel  going  till  September.  The  summer  was  very  hot,  and  un- 
favorable to  his  complaint,  and  he  gave  up  hope  of  himself.  Still  we 
sailed  in  the  new  packet,  Sept.  3,  1815.   .  .   . 

"  He  begged  to  be  left  alone  with  me.  I  had  just  shut  the  door, 
and  had  given  him  a  pillow,  when  I  perceived  a  rattling  in  his  throat. 
Thinking  it  was  phlegm,  I  begged  him  to  throw  it  off.  He  replied,  '  My 
dear,  do  not  be  surprised,  I  believe  it  is  death.  ..."  I  held  him  till 
the  arrival  of  a  physician,  who  pronounced  that  all  was  over.  Words 
cannot  express  what  I  felt  at  that  moment.  .  .  .  We  had  been  conver- 
sing upon  a  future  state ;  and  fearing  that  our  separation  could  not  be 
very  distant,  we  talked  of  the  delight  we  should  experience  at  meeting 
again.  But  I  little  thought  that  our  separation  was  so  near.  I  was  in 
a  strange  country,  surrounded  by  strangers.  O  God,  what  hand  but 
thine  could  have  sustained  me?  I  bless  Thee  for  the  support  and  con- 
solation Thou  didst  afford  me.  Thou  wast  better  to  me  than  many 
friends.  .  .  .  Thou  art  the  God  of  the  widow,  and  my  fatherless  child 
will  still  be  the  object  of  Thy  care.  Thou  wilt  never  forsake  us  while  we 
trust  in  Thee.  May  my  child  live  to  be  an  instrument  of  Thy  glory,  and 
may  his  whole  life  be  consecrated  to  Thy  service  I  .  .  . 

"  I  remained  four  months  in  England,  where  I  received  great  kind- 
ness from  many  who  were  interested  in  my  situation.  I  had  seventy- 
three  days'  passage  to  this  country,  —  a  very  long  and  rough  one." 

Mr.  Gary's  publications  were  — 

"  I.  A  Discourse  before  the  Merrimack  Humane  Society,  1S06.  2.  A 
Discourse  at  his  own  Ordination.  3.  A  Discourse  delivered  on  the  Day 
of  the  National  Fast,  Sept.  9,  18 13.  4.  A  Sermon  before  the  Ancient 
and  Honorable  Artillery  Company,  June  6,  18 14.  5.  A  Discourse  on 
the  Ignorance  of  the  true  Meaning  of  the  Scriptures,  and  the  Causes  of 
it,  18 14.  6.  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Madam  Susan  Bulfinch,  Feb. 
26, 1815.     7.  Review  of  English's  'Grounds  of  Christianity  Examined,' 


After  the  funeral  service  in  the  Essex  Street  Chapel,  the  in- 
terment took  place  in  the  graveyard  of  the  Gravel  Pit  (Unita- 
rian) Church  in  Hackney,  where  a  monument  was  erected  in 
memory  of  Mr.  Cary,  at  the  charge  of  his  congregation,  with  the 
following  inscription,  furnished  by  his  classmate  and  friend, 
Andrews  Norton:^  — 

1  Greenwood's  History,  p   199.  substitution   of   a  granite    slab    for  the 

2  This  monument  having  become  de-  more  perishable  stone  on  which  the  in- 
faced  and  the  inscription  partly  obi  iter-  scription  had  been  engraved.  The  work 
ated,  m  1871  the  Wardens  and  Vestry  of  was  performed  under  the  kind  and  care- 
King's  Chapel  made  suitable  contracts  for  ful  supervision  of  Rev  Mr  Whitehead, 
the  restoration  of  the  monument  and  the  then  minister  of  the  Gravel  Pit  Church. 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   SAMUEL   GARY.  415 

Infra  sitae  sunt  reliquiae 

Reverendi  Samuelis  Gary,  Novangli ; 

Procul  a  patria,  inter  eos  quibus  tantum  laudes  ejus  innotuerunt, 

Immatura  morte  absumpti . 

Pastoris  olim  ecclesiae, 

Quae  in  ^Ede  Regis,  sic  vocata,  Bostoniae  Novanglorum  convenit, 

Cum  venerando  Jacobo  Freeman 

In  officiis  et  amicitia  conjuncti. 

Vir  fuit  cui  ingenium  acer,  doctrina,  eloquentia, 

Fides,  constantia,  nuda  Veritas,  honestas  dictorum  atque  factorum. 

Inani  superstition!  parura  devinctus, 

Et  fallacibus  hominum  opinionibus  minime  confisus, 

Sinceram  Christi  doctrinam 

Summa  cum  pietate  coluit, 

Summa  cum  diligentia  tradidit. 

In  medio  vitae  atque  honorum  cursu,  morbo  oppressus, 

Spe  dubia  convalescendi,  patriam  reliquit, 

Et  una  cum  conjuge  hasce  ad  oras  advenit. 

Sed  paucis  tantum  diebus  post  adventum, 

Dum  in  itinere  paululum  commoraretur, 

Conjugem  alloquens,  et  manu  tenens  deficiente, 

Amplexu  ejus  abreptus  est, 

Morte  iis  etiam  quibus  advena  fuit,  non  sine  cura. 

Natus  erat  Novembris  die  vicesimo  quarto,  A.  C,  1785. 

Excessit  Octobris  die  vicesimo  secundo,  A.  C,  181 5. 

The  news  of  Mr.  Gary's  death  reached  Boston  on  the  5th  of 
December.  On  the  next  day,  at  a  meeting  of  the  surviving 
minister,  the  Wardens,  and  the  Vestry,  it  was  voted  to  drape 
the  Chapel  in  black,  and  to  request  the  wearing  of  suitable 
badges  of  mourning  by  the  members  of  the  parish.  It  was  also 
voted  — 

"That  the  Wardens  and  vestry  deeply  sympathize  with  the  mother  and 
wife  of  the  deceased  pastor.  To  the  mother  they  offer  their  affectionate 
condolence.  They  acknowledge  themselves  indebted  for  so  much  of 
the  instruction  and  pleasure  which  they  have  derived  from  him  to  her, 
by  whose  skilful  hand  his  mind  was  first  formed  to  knowledge,  piety,  and 
virtue.  They  shall  long  remember  with  respect  and  gratitude  his  talents 
and  excellent  qualities, —  his  learning,  his  eloquence,  his  aptness  to  teach, 
his  strong  reasoning  powers,  his  love  of  truth,  his  fearless  integrity,  his 
honorable  principles,  his  candor,  the  dignity  of  his  deportment,  his  dis- 
interestedness, and  generosity ;  and,  above  all,  his  faithful  and  pious  per- 


4l6  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

formance  of  the  ministerial  duties,  and  his  attention  to  the  people  of  his 
charge  in  health,  in  sickness,  and  in  affliction.  Whilst  they  lament  their 
own  great  loss,  it  is  an  aggravation  of  their  sorrow  that  his  tender  mother 
is  deprived  of  so  promising  a  son,  upon  whom  she  leaned  as  the  support 
and  comfort  of  her  declining  years. 

"  To  the  wife  of  their  deceased  pastor  they  also  present  their  condo- 
lences, with  similar  expressions  of  veneration  and  love  for  the  character 
of  her  excellent  husband.  They  thank  her  for  all  the  kindness  which  she 
has  shown  to  the  man  whom  they  so  highly  esteemed,  and  in  particular 
for  the  tender  solicitude  with  which  she  watched  over  his  last  days. 

"  In  behalf  both  of  the  mother  and  wife  they  fervently  pray  God  that 
He  would  be  graciously  pleased  to  heal  their  wounded  hearts.  They 
supplicate  upon  them  the  blessing  of  that  merciful  Being  who,  though  He 
has  destroyed  their  hope  in  this  world,  yet  communicates  to  them  by  the 
gospel  the  hope  of  immortal  felicity  in  a  better  world,  where  the  parent 
will  again  meet  her  son,  and  the  wife  her  husband,  where  there  will  be 
no  more  separation  of  friends,  no  more  tears,  and  no  more  mourning." 

On  the  1 2th  of  October,  1S26,  Mrs.  Gary  became  the  second 
wife  of  Joseph  May,  and  for  more  than  twelve  years  ministered 
assiduously  to  his  happiness,  and  was  his  diligent  and  faithful 
helpmate  in  his  lifework  of  kindness,  beneficence,  and  philan- 
thropy. She  died  on  Sunday,  the  27th  of  January,  1839.  On 
the  following  Sunday  Mr.  Greenwood  thus  spoke  of  her :  — 

"  Every  communion  day  of  the  Church  is  an  All  Saints'  day.  .  .  . 
Then  surely  she  will  be  with  us  who  has  last  departed  from  among  us, — 
she  whom  we  have  marked  so  gentle  in  demeanor,  so  simple  in  speech, 
so  firm  in  principle  and  duty ;  she  who  was  early  disciplined  in  the 
school  of  sorrow  and  bereavement,  but  who  always  acknowledged  the 
ruling  hand  of  her  Father,  and  was  only  strengthened  in  faith  and  re- 
liance by  the  severity  of  trial.  And  when  we  bless  God  for  those  de- 
parted this  life  in  his  faith  and  fear,  we  may  bless  Him  in  her  departure. 
And  when  we  beseech  Him  to  give  us  grace  to  follow  their  good  exam- 
ple, we  may  remember  and  cherish  hers,  among  those  which,  in  life 
and  death,  have  taught  us  the  beauty  of  holiness,  the  peace  and  the 
reality  of  religion." 


V/OOD-CARVING  FROM   CHANCEL. 


CHAPTER   XXIII. 

THE   TRICE   FUND. 

IHE  same  instinct  which  has  led  good  and  godly  men 
and  women  in  every  age  of  the  Christian  Church  to 
provide  religious  endowments  has  operated  in  the 
older  American  communities,  although  circumstances 
have  made  it  more  difficult  to  preserve  such  endowments  unim- 
paired, than  has  been  the  case  in  the  mother  country.  Several 
of  the  Puritan  churches  in  Boston  were  thus  endowed,  at  least  so 
far  as  to  have  a  parsonage  house  ;  ^  and  the  Third  (or  Old  South) 
Church  now  inherit  from  Madam  Norton  its  considerable  estate. 
It  is  probable  that  the  custom  of  looking  to  the  Crown  for  fa- 
vors, as  it  prevented  individuals  from  giving  communion  plate 
to  King's  Chapel  according  to  the  usual  practice  in  the  Puritan 
churches,  had  also  hindered  pious  bequests  for  the  benefit  of 
the  church.  But  the  necessities  of  the  church  at  last  became 
urgent.  The  new  building  had  burdened  it  with  debt,  and  made 
it  more  difficult  to  provide  properly  for  the  support  of  its  minis- 
ters. An  appeal  was  therefore  made  in  1 759  by  a  vote,  which  was 
printed  on  a  broadside  for  distribution  in  the  proper  quarters. 

The  following  is  a  Vote  of  the  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel,  passed 
at  their  annual  Meeting  on  Easter  Monday,  April  16,  1759  :  — 

Whereas,  this  Congregation  has  no  certain  Fund  for  supporting  the 
Minister  and  other  Officers  of  it  but  what  arises  from  the  Assessment  of 
the  Pews  and  casual  Contribution,  which  is  no  ways  equal  to  its  necessary 
annual  Expence  ;  and  whereas  the  said  Contributions  by  many  Accidents 
may  fail,  to  the  great  Detriment  of  this  Church,  which  is  now  encum- 
ber'd  with  a  heavy  Debt,  and  not  finish'd  :  Therefore  to  guard  against 
Inconveniences  and  begin  a  Fund,  the  Income  of  which  may  in  Time 
equal  all  our  Charges,  and  enable  this  Church  to  pay  their  Debts  and  sup- 
port their  Ministers  and  other  Officers  in  that  generous  Manner  they  in 
their  Inclinations  are  desirous  of:  And  whereas  such  a  Sjpport  must 

1  The  First  Church,  and  the  Church  in  Brattle  Square. 
VOL.  n.  —  27 


4l8  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

greatly  tend  to  the  Encouragement  of  the  most  learned  and  ingenious 
Ministers  to  settle  among  us,  on  whom  under  God  the  Prosperity  and 
Increase  of  true  Religion  greatly  depends :  It  is  therefore  judged  ad- 
viseable  by  this  Propriety  from  a  zealous  View  of  promoting  the  Honour 
of  Almighty  God  and  the  general  benefit  of  this  Congregation,  to  pur- 
sue all  laudable  Methods  that  may  tend  to  answer  such  great  and  truly 
pious  Designs ;  one  of  which  is  to  render  the  Situation  of  their  Minis- 
ters easy,  by  a  handsome  and  honourable  Support :  And  whereas  it  may 
with  Reason  be  hoped  that  many  Persons  whom  Divine  Providence  hath 
been  pleased  to  entrust  with  competent  Estates,  are  willing,  and  only 
wait  an  Opportunity  of  shewing  their  Gratitude,  in  particular  for  that 
Blessing,  by  chearfully  bestowing  part  of  the  same  to  such  pious  and 
charitable  uses,  as  may  benefit  the  latest  Ages,  most  effectually  redound 
to  the  Honour  and  Advancement  of  Christ's  Church,  and  their  own 
eternal  Welfare. 

It  is  therefore  Voted,  That  the  Minister,  Church-Wardens,  and  Ves- 
try-Men belonging  or  that  shall  belong  to  this  Church,  or  the  major  Part 
of  them,  shall  appoint  one  Day,  if  they  think  proper,  in  every  Year  for 
a  publick  Collection,  Notice  of  such  Appointment  to  be  given  the  Sun- 
day before  such  Collection,  and  all  such  Sums  so  collected  shall  by  the 
Church-Wardens,  with  the  Advice  of  the  Vestry,  or  the  major  Part  of 
them,  be  improved  by  putting  the  same  to  Interest  on  good  Security, 
and  only  the  Interest  thereof  shall  be  apply'd  to  the  support  of  the  Min- 
ister or  Ministers,  and  other  Officers  and  charges  of  said  Church,  in  such 
a  Manner  as  the  Church-Wardens  and  Vestry  of  this  Church,  or  the 
major  Part  of  them,  shall  from  Time  to  Time  Vote  and  direct ;  but  the 
Principal  shall  forever  remain  as  a  Fund  for  the  use  aforesaid,  unless  it 
should  by  the  Church-Wardens  and  Vestry  of  said  Church,  or  the  major 
Part  of  them,  be  thought  proper  to  invest  the  same  or  any  Part  thereof 
in  Real  Estate,  for  the  Use  and  Benefit  of  said  Church,  and  in  that  Case 
said  Real  Estate  to  be  and  remain  forever  to  said  Church,  and  only  the 
Neat  Profits  thereof  shall  be  apply'd  to  the  Purposes  aforesaid,  but  if 
any  such  Donations  be  of  Real  Estate,  then  the  Church-Wardens,  with 
the  Advice  of  the  Vestry,  shall  let  the  same,  keep  it  in  repair,  and  the 
Neat  Profits  only  thereof  shall  be  apply'd  to  the  use  aforesaid ;  so  that 
whatever  Principal  shall  be  receiv'd  by  any  Donations  for  the  Purposes 
aforesaid,  may  forever  remain  entire,  and  as  a  Fund  for  the  Benefit  of 
this  Church.  Provided,  nevertheless,  there  is  not  in  any  Gift  or  Dona- 
tion particular  Directions  from  the  Donor  that  such  his  Gift  shall  be  ap- 
ply'd to  some  special  Purpose  not  within  mentioned. 

The  Form  of  a  Legacy  to  this  Church. 

I  Give,  Bequeath,  and  Devise  unto  the  Church  called  King's  Chapel 

in  Boston  the  sum  of ,  to  and  for  the  Use  of  said  Church,  to  be 

dispos'd  of  in  the  following  Manner,  viz.,  said  Sum  shall  be  paid  into 
the  Hands  of  the  Church-Wardens  for  the  Time  being  of  said  Church, 


THE    PRICE    FUND.  419 

and  by  them  shall  be  placed  out  at  Interest  on  good  Security,  and  only 
the  Income  thereof  shall  be  appropriated  to  the  use  of  said  Church,  in 
such  Manner  as  the  Church-Wardens  and  Vestry- Men  of  said  Church, 
or  the  Majority  of  them  shall  from  Time  to  Time  direct ;  and  the  Prin- 
cipal shall  forever  remain  as  a  Fund  for  the  Use  aforesaid,  unless  it 
should  at  any  Time  be  thought  proper  by  said  Church-Wardens  and 
Vestry-Men,  or  the  Majority  of  them,  to  invest  the  said  Principal  Sum 
or  any  Part  thereof  in  Real  Estate  for  the  Use  and  Benefit  of  said 
Church  ;  in  which  Case  said  Money  or  any  Part  thereof  shall  be  laid 
out  in  Real  Estate  as  aforesaid,  and  the  Income  only  of  said  Real  Es- 
tate shall  be  applied  to  the  Use  aforesaid,  and  the  Estate  itself  shall  be 
and  remain  to  said  Church  as  a  Fund  for  ever. 

This  seems  to  have  produced  almost  immediate  fruit.  On 
June  22  of  the  same  year,  Mrs.  Joanna  Brooker,  widow,  of  Bos- 
ton, died  leaving  a  will  dated  May  ii,  1759;  in  which,  after 
giving  to  "  the  Rev''.  Mr.  Henry  Caner  and  the  Rev^.  Mr.  Roger 
Price,  of  Leigh  in  Essex,  in  Great  Britain,  Ten  Pounds  Sterling  a 
peice,"  and  to  Rev.  Mr.  Troutbeck  "  my  Topaz  Ring  as  a  Token 
of  my  Respect  to  him,"  the  20th  clause  ran :  "  I  give  and  devise 
all  my  Real  Estate  in  the  north  End  of  Boston  to  the  Church 
Wardens  of  King's  Chappel  Church  in  Boston,  and  their  succes- 
sors forever,  for  the  use  of  said  Church."  ^ 

Mrs.  Brooker's  estate  at  the  North  End,  in  Fish  Street,  was 
afterward  known  as  "  Clarke's  ship-yard,"  and  is  now  Union 
Wharf.  In  1794,  when  the  church  was  extinguishing  the  bur- 
densome remnants  of  the  debt  left  by  its  building,  Mr.  James 
Clarke  proposed  to  purchase  this  estate  for  ;^2,ioo;  which  offer 
was  accepted  by  a  vote  of  the  Proprietors,  and  the  title  was  con- 
firmed to  Colonel  John  May,  assignee  of  Mr.  Clarke,  by  a  second 
vote  in  1805.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  circumstances  of  the 
church  compelled  it  to  apply  this  property  to  its  immediate 
needs,  instead  of  retaining  it  as  a  perpetual  fund,  to  keep  in  re- 
membrance the  name  and  memory  of  this  good  and  charitable 
woman. 

In  1770  another  estate  was  bequeathed  to  King's  Chapel,  whose 

1  Mrs.  Brooker  also  bequeathed  "all  America  ; "  and  "  All  the  Residue  of  my 

my  Money  and  Interest  in  the  South  Sea  Estate  .  .  .  for  the  Relief  of  Poor  Wid- 

Stocks   or  Funds  (except  what  is  here-  ows  and  Sick  People  at  the  discretion  of 

inbefore  disposed  of  .  .  .  )  to  the  Society  the  Select  Men  of  Boston  for  the  time 

for  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  being."    The  latter  fund  was  not  merged 

Parts,  to  be  a  Fund  in  their  hands,  the  in  the  "  Pemberton  Fund,"  —  an  aggre- 

Income  thereof  to  be  applied  and  paid  to  gate  of  similar  bequests,  deriving  its  name 

an  Episcopal  Minister  that  shall  Preach  from   the    largest   giver,  —  but    remains 

the  Gospel  and  live  among  the  Indians  distinct  as  the  "  Poor  Widow's   Fund," 

in  some  part  of  the  Continent  of  North  amounting  to  $3,200  (iSSi). 


420  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

possession  has  b.een  seriously  challenged  at  various  times,  bring- 
ing in  dispute  the  whole  question  of  the  doctrinal  and  ecclesi- 
astical status  of  the  church,  and  fanning  passions  whose  glow 
has  happily  so  far  died  away  that  we  can  tread,  with  care,  upon 
their  ashes. 

Mr.  William  Price  had  emigrated  to  Boston  from  England 
many  years  before.     In  early  life  a  cabinet-maker,  he  is  described 

in  1770  as  a  "  Pickterman,"  —  his 
occupation  then  being  that  of  a 
dealer  in  engravings^  and  books. 
He  first  appears  in  our  records 
as  temporary  organist  in  171 3. 
He  was  a  zealous  churchman, 
holding  a  pew  in  each  of  the  three  Episcopal  churches.  He 
contributed  toward  the  erection  of  Christ  Church,  and  was  a 
vestryman  from  1726  to  1742-43,  junior  warden  in  1731,  and 
senior  warden  from  1732  to  1735  ;  while  Nov.  i,  1736,  he  made 
"  a  Voluntary  offer  to  the  Church  Wardens  and  Vestry  "  of  that 
church,  to  "  Officiate  as  Organist  in  said  church  for  One  Year 
Certain  without  demanding  any  Sallery  for  the  Same."  ^ 

When  Trinity  Church  was  erected,  in  1732,  he  was  one  of  the 
building  committee,  contributed  largely  toward  its  cost,  and  was 
either  a  vestryman  or  a  warden  there  from  1745  to  1753;  and 
when  King's  Chapel  was  rebuilt,  he  was  among  the  contributors, 
and  thenceforward  attended  divine  worship  in  that  church  until 
his  death.  Dying  at  the  good  old  age  of  87  years,  possessed 
of  a  competence,  he  desired  to  do  something  for  the  benefit  of 
each  of  the  churches  with  which  he  had  been  connected,  and 
especially  of  that  where  he  had  worshipped  during  his  closing 
years.^     His  w\\\,  dated  Nov.  30,    1770,  accordingly  devised  to 

^  Concerning  his  View  of  Boston,  see  emnly  reminded  how  absolutely  certain 

Mass.    Hist.    Society's    Proceedings   for  and  unavoidable  Death  is,  and  not  with 

May,  18S0,  xviii.  68,  69.  a  view  of   anytliing   being  said   of   me, 

'■^  Vestry  Book  of  Christ  Church.  which  I   desire  may  be  avoided;   for  I 

^  He  ordered  that  his  burial  should  am  a  sinful  man,  O  Lord." 

be  from  Trinity  Church,  and  desired  that  "  It  is  ahnost  sad  to  note  in  Paterson's 

a  funeral  sermon  be  preached  "  by  l)r.  '  Pietas  Londinensis  '  the  number  of  com- 

Henry  Caner,  if  living  and  able,"  or  by  memorative   sermons   founded   in    Lon- 

the  Rev.  Mr.  Walter,  from  Ueut.  xxxii.  don   parishes   under   the  vain   hope   of 

39,  40,  "  for  which  good  service  of  preach-  perpetuating  a  name  for  ever.     At  that 

ing  said  sermon,  I  give  to  him  that  shall  time,  however,  '  all  these  lectures  were 

perform  the  same  Two  Pounds  sterling,  constantly  observed  on  their  appointed 

.  .  .  This  sermon  I  propose  particularly  days.'  .  .  .  Towards  the  end  of  the  cen- 

for  the  good  and  instruction  of  all  such  tury  guinea  or  half-guinea  funeral   ser- 

of  my  friends  and  acquaintance  as  shall  mons,   though   they   held   their   ground 

attend  my  funeral;    and  with  a  general  here  and  there,  were  happily  falling  into 

view  and    desire    that    all    present  may  disuse." — Church    of    England    in    the 

thereby  receive  a  benefit,  by  being  sol-  Eighteenth  Centiay,  ii.  497,  49S. 


THE   PRICE   FUND. 


421 


King's  Chapel  his  mansion  house  on  Cornhill,  reserving  a  life 
interest  in  it  for  his  wife  and  his  two  nieces,  Sarah  and  Margaret 
Creese,  enjoining  them  to  keep  it  "  in  very  good  repair  at  their 
own  expence."  ^  The  income  of  this  estate  at  the  time  of  Mr. 
Price's  death  amounted  to  ;^20  yearly.  He  provided  that  the 
estate  should  pass,  after  the  decease  of  his  wife  and  nieces,  to 
the  rector  and  wardens  of  King's  Chapel,  and  to  their  successors 
in  trust  forever :  2  (i)  Directing  that  from  its  rents  and  profits 
forty  shillings  yearly  should  be  set  apart  as  a  fund  for  the  church, 
only  the  interest  of  which  should  be  used;  (2)  Establishing  a 
course  of  Lenten  Sermons  on  doctrinal  and  practical  subjects, 
for  each  of  which  £2  were  to  be  paid  to  the  preacher,  — £\6  in 
all;  (3)  Providing  for  a  charitable  collection  for  the  benefit  of 
the  poor  in  the  three  churches  with  which  he  had  been  con- 
nected, to  be  taken  up  after  each  of  these  sermons,  and  to 
which  forty  shillings  of  the  annual  income  of  the  estate  were  to 
be  added ;  and  (4)  Providing  that  if,  after  the  proper  repairs  on 
his  house  and  tomb,  there  should  remain  any  surplusage,  that 
also  should  constitute  a  fund  to  be  put  out  at  interest  by  the 
minister  and  wardens  of  King's  Chapel  for  the  time  being.  He 
further  appointed  the  vestry  of  Trinity  Church  his  visitors  to 


1  The  estate  had  been  purchased  by 
Mr.  Price,  Sept.  27, 1736,  as  appears  from 
the  indenture,  by  which  Tlaomas  Creese 
of  Newport,  R.  I.,  Apothecary,  and  Anne 
his  wife,  to  Wm.  Price,  Cabinet-maker, 
in  consideration  of  ^2,000  in  Bills  of 
lawful  credit,  "do  grant,  bargain,  sell, 
aliene,  enfeoff,  release,  convey,  and  con- 
firm "  their  "certain  Brick  messuage  or 
Tenement  and  Land  ...  in  Cornhill  St. 
in  Boston.  .  .  .  Also  the  free  use,  liberty, 
and  Privilege  of  the  Pump  or  Well  of 
Water  standing  in  the  alley  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  said  Creese's  Land  next  to 
the  meeting-house."  Mr.  Price  had  mar- 
ried, Dec.  20,  1727,  Sarah  Myles,  a  niece 
of  Rev.  S.  Myles;  Thomas  Creese  had 
married  her  sister  Ann,  Jan.  25,  1722. 

[For  a  plan  of  the  estate  and  the  text 
of  Mr.  Price's  will,  see  The  William  Price 
Fund.  Trinity  Church,  in  the  City  of 
Boston,  18S3,  4to.  —  Editor.] 

2  Mr.  Price  may  well  have  been  en- 
couraged to  make  this  bequest  to  the 
church,  not  only  by  the  vote  which  had 
influenced  Mrs.  Brooker,  but  by  his  per- 
sonal knowledge  of  the  financial  straits 
into  which  the  new  building  had  brought 
the  church.  It  appears  from  the  files 
of  papers  that  he  had  lent  the  wardens 
£,1,100    at    5   pel    cent    May    31,    1770 


(of  which  they  were  to  repay  ;if  600  May 
31,  17S0),  to  enable  them  to  repay  "  with 
lawful!  interest"  ;i^6oo  which  they  had 
borrowed  of  the  Episcopal  Charitable  So- 
ciety "for  the  rebuilding  the  Church." 
(July  22,  1771,  the  wardens  gave  a  bond 
to  Sarah  Price,  widow,  for  ;[^40o;  but 
this  seems  to  have  been  a  further  loan.) 
It  was  held  by  the  church  that  Mr.  Price 
intended  to  cover  this  loan  by  his  be- 
quest ;  and  this  view  was  sustained  by 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  when  the 
Misses  Creese  brought  a  suit  against 
the  church  in  January,  1786.  But  Feb. 
3,  17S7,  the  ladies  sued  before  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  Massachusetts,  as  Execu- 
tors of  William  Price,  for  ;i^i,  149  "js.  2d. ; 
and  that  court,  Feb.  20,  17S7,  in  tlie  case 
of  "  Sarah  Creese  and  Margaret  Creese 
vs.  Proprietors  of  Stone  Chapel,"  re- 
versed the  decision  of  the  lower  court 
in  favor  of  said  Proprietors,  "being  of 
opinion  that  Price's  device  to  K.  C.  did 
not  extinguish  their  previous  indebted- 
ness to  him,"  and  decreeing  that  they 
"must  pay  S.  and  M.  Creese  ^^662  loj. 
and  costs  taxed  at  £()  i6j-.  2rt'."  The 
church  mortgaged  the  shipyard  in  Au- 
gust to  the  Misses  Creese  as  security  for 
the  payment,  but  September  15  paid 
£^\\  (ys.  6d. 


422 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


inspect  the  administration  of  the  Trust,  and  directed  that  they 
should  receive  it  in  case  of  its  non-acceptance  by  King's  Chapel. 
Mr.  Price  died  May  17,  1771,  when  the  sky  was  already  dark 
with  the  gathering  clouds  of  the  Revolution,  and  Boston,  and  not 
least  King's  Chapel,  was  suffering  from  the  disturbed  state  of 
public  affairs.  Under  the  careful  ministry  of  Dr.  Caner  the 
affairs  of  the  church  had  been  managed  with  great  method,  and 
it  is  in  the  highest  degree  unlikely  that  a  proper  acceptance  of 
this  bequest  can  have  been  omitted  or  have  failed  to  be  re- 
corded. But  within  five  years  Dr.  Caner  was  a  Royalist  fugitive, 
with  a  considerable  portion  of  his  parish,  carrying  with  him  a  part 
of  the  records  of  the  church.  The  baptismal,  marriage,  and 
burial  "Registers"  were  recovered  from  his  heirs  in  1805  ;  but 
the  volume  containing  the  Proprietors'  Records  at  the  date  of 
the  acceptance  of  the  legacy  is  still  missing,  and  it  seems  prob- 
able that  it  disappeared  at  this  time.  After  the  Revolution,  in 
order  that  no  difficulty  might  later  arise  on  this  ground,  the 
donation  of  Mr.  Price  was  accepted  in  the  proper  form,  by 
Messrs.  Freeman,  Bulfinch,  and  Hutchinson,  Aug.  30,  1789. 

The  estate,  however,  continued  to  be  occupied  by  the  devisees 
of  Mr.  Price  as  provided  in  his  will,  until  the  death  of  the  last 
survivor,  Sarah  Creese,  in  1809.^  Meantime  the  changes  in  the 
Liturgy  of  the  church  had  been  made,  and  the  Rev.  James  Free- 
man had  been  ordained  as  its  minister.  The  property  had  also 
considerably  increased  in  value,  and  it  is  not  improbable  that 
Miss  Creese  could  not  rid  herself  of  irritation  against  the  church 
that  was  to  inherit  property  which  she  wished  to  be  free  to  de- 
vise to  her  favorite  nephew,  William  Pelham,^  By  a  clause  in 
her  will  she  accordingly  did  so,  giving  as  her  reason  the  theo- 
logical and  other  changes  which  had  been  made  at  the  church. 

"  7'!^  Being  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  religious  opinions  and  sen- 
timents of  my  deceased  uncle,  Mr.  William  Price  ;  knowing  his  strong 
attachment  and  invariable  adherence  to  the  worship,  Doctrines,  and  Dis- 
cipline of  the  Church  of  England  during  my  residence  with  him,  from 
the  year  1738  till  the  time  of  his  decease;  knowing  his  abhorrence  of 
all  innovation,  especially  in  matters  of  Religious  Concern  ;  comparing 
these  sentiments  with  the  New  Worship,  doctrines,  and  discipline  intro- 
duced into  the  Chapel  formerly  called  the  King's  Chapel,  —  I  now  give 
solemn  Testimony  of  my  firm  belief  and  thorough  persuasion,  that  if  he 
had  lived  to  witness  the  Alterations  alluded  to  he  would  have  revoked  his 
Devise  to  said  chapel.  .  .  .  Considering,  moreover,  that  the  intentions 
of  the  Testator  cannot  now  be  fulfilled  by  the  said  Chapel  Church,  as 

1  Mrs.  Sarah  Price  died  March   25,  ^  See  N.  E.  Hist,  and  Gen.  Register 

1783;   Margaret   Creese,  Feb.  10,1809;     for  October,  1S72,  xxvi.  400. 
and  Sarah  Creese,  April  21,  1809. 


THE   PRICE   FUND.  423 

Expressed  in  his  last  Will,  conceiving  therefore  that  I  have  a  right  to  the 
same,  I  do  hereby  give,  devise,  and  bequeath  unto  my  said  Nephew 
William  Pelham,  his  heirs  and  Assigns,  all  my  right,  title,  and  Interest 
whatsoever  in  and  to  the  said  tenement  and  land,  and  in  and  to  the 
privileges  and  Appurtenances  thereof." 

It  is  certainly  a  singular  form  of  religious  scruple  which  made 
Miss  Creese  so  sensitive  to  the  theological  heresies  of  the  church 
which  her  uncle  had  selected  to  be  his  heir,  while  it  prevented 
her  from  noticing  that  he  had  provided  carefully  that  Trinity 
Church  should  receive  the  inheritance  in  case  of  the  failure  of 
King's  Chapel. 

The  death  of  Sarah  Creese,  the  last  occupant  having  rights 
under  Mr.  Price's  will,  took  place  April  21,  1809.  On  April  26, 
by  a  vote  of  the  Proprietors,  their  acceptance  of  the  Price  legacy 
was  reaffirmed.  But  although  his  aunt  had  bequeathed  to  Will- 
iam Pelham  what  was  not  hers  to  give,  she  had  installed  him  and 
his  business  in  the  house  before  her  death ;  and  he  was  a  ten- 
ant who  could  not  be  persuaded  either  to  pay  rent  or  to  quit  the 
premises.  At  a  Proprietors'  meeting,  Oct.  7,  1810,  "  the  War- 
dens, D.  Davis,  Wm.  Sullivan,  and  K.  Boott,  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  prosecute  in  and  out  of  all  courts  of  judicature  the 
claim  of  the  church  to  the  Price  estate;  "  but  it  was  not  till  the 
March  Term,  Supreme  Judicial  Court,  1813,  that  the  case  came 
before  the  court. 

"  This  was  an  action  of  formedon  in  remainder,  in  which  James  Free- 
man as  rector,  and  Ebenezer  Oliver  and  Joseph  Afay  as  wardens,  of 
King's  Chapel,  demanded  against  William  Pelham,  a  certain  mesuage 
and  land  in  Bos  tony  ^ 

Mr.  Pelham  set  up  the  defence  (i).  That  Mr.  Price  did  not 
give  the  estate   as  alleged;    (2),  That  the  minister  and  wardens 

1  9  Massachusetts  Reports,  500-507.  cause,  of  a  very  new  and  difficult  char- 

The  case  was  argued  by  Davis,  solicitor-  acter,  to  which  I  had  devoted  much  of 

general,  and  Otis  for  the    demandants,  my  time,  was  in  fact  a  very  moderate  one  ; 

and   by   Dexter    and   Jackson    for    the  and  that  any  deduction  would  imply  the 

tenant.     A  letter  from  the  distinguished  contrary.     I   have   also  reason  to  think 

counsel  for  the  church  is  on  file  : —  that  the  Counsel  on  the  opposite  side 

Boston,  24  March,  1814.  will  have  received  a  much  larger  sum. 

Gentlemen,  —  Objections  were  made  But  as  the  bill  has  now  been  paid,  and 
to  my  charges  for  services  in  the  case  of  it  would  be  unpleasant  with  me  to  take 
the  King's  Chapel  vs.  Pelham,  and  Mr.  more  from  a  client  than  is  satisfactory 
Oliver  proposed  that  instead  of  one  hun-  for  the  first  time  in  my  life,  I  beg  leave 
dred  and  eighty  dollars  due  to  me,  I  to  refund  thirty  dollars  to  be  applied  to 
should  take  one  hundred  and  fifty.  I  the  use  of  the  Church.  Being  very  re- 
declined  this  proposal,  under  an  impres-  spectfully.  Gentlemen, 
sion    that   my   charge   for   a   successful  Y'  most  obed'  servt,         H.  G.  Otis. 


424  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

of  King's  Chapel  were  not  the  lawful  successors  of  those  to 
whom  the  estate  was  devised;  and  (3),  That  "the  church  or 
religious  society  mentioned "  was  not,  at  the  time  when  this 
action  was  begun,  an  Episcopal  church.  It  was  contended  in 
his  behalf  "  that  the  corporation,  to  whom  the  devise  in  the  case 
was  made,  was  dissolved,"  having  "  ceased  to  be  an  Episcopal 
church,  and  .  .  .  become  absolutely  Congregational  or  Inde- 
pendent;" that  though  retaining  the  title  of  rector  and  wardens, 
it  did  not  thereby  continue  Episcopal,  since  the  three  orders  of 
bishops,  priests,  and  deacons  are  essential.  "  If  the  corporation 
is  not  extinct,  the  demandants  are  not  the  corporation.  There 
may  be  proprietors  of  this  church,  who  may  hereafter  unite, 
place  themselves  under  Episcopal  authority,  and  procure  an 
Episcopal  clergyman  to  be  their  minister,  and  being  thus  quali- 
fied would  be  able  to  claim  the  devise."  He  claimed  that  "  the 
remainder  was  contingent,  depending  on  a  preceding  condition, 
and  never  vested  in  the  demandants," 

To  this  it  was  responded,  that  "  the  remainder  was  a  vested 
one  in  the  rector  and  wardens  of  King's  Chapel  church.  If  the 
acceptance  of  the  devise  was  a  precedent  condition,  that  condi- 
tion was  performed  long  before  the  death  of  the  tenant  for  life." 
Moreover,  "  the  changes  which  have  been  made  in  its  discipline 
and  forms  of  worship  do  not  destroy  the  identity  of  the  church 
nor  the  qualifications  of  its  rector  and  wardens."  The  court  held 
that  Pelham,  being  a  stranger  and  without  title,  could  not  set  up 
this  defence.  "  This  was  a  vested  remainder  in  the  minister, 
etc.,  of  King's  Chapel,  in  trust  for  specified  uses,  with  a  con- 
tingent remainder  over  to  the  minister,  etc.,  of  Trinity  Church; 
and  it  was  a  remainder  vested  in  a  corporation  capable  of  taking. 
The  proprietors  of  the  pews  in  churches  constitute  the  parishes 
in  Boston,  and  several  other  of  our  seaport  towns.  Parishes 
have  secured  to  them,  by  the  declaration  of  rights,  the  election 
.  .  .  of  their  ministers.  Mr.  Freeman  is  the  minister  ^^^y^r^"^  of 
this  society,  elected  by  the  only  authority  capable  of  it.  .  .  . 
The  record  shows  it  to  be  the  same  church  to  whose  officers  the 
devise  was  made."  It  was  also  said,  and  this  sentence  is  signifi- 
cant as  containing  the  seeds  of  the  next  law  suit:  "  If  by  any 
alteration  in  their  doctrines,  worship,  or  discipline,  this  parish 
has  incurred  a  forfeiture  of  the  demanded  premises,  it  is  for  the 
heirs  of  the  devisor  to  avail  themselves  of  it."  ^ 

1  A  note  in  the  reprint  of  tliese  Re-  not  well  reported,"  and  that  as  "  there 
ports,  Boston,  185S,  by  the  editor,  Ben-  was  no  proof  that  "  the  bequest  had  been 
jamin  Rand,  Esq.,  states  that  "this  case  is     accepted  in  the  manner  set  forth,  "it  is 


THE    PRICE    FUND.  425 

The  "  Suit  against  William  Pelham,  bookseller,"  was  thus  de- 
cided in  favor  of  the  church. 

The  last  step  toward  obtaining  possession  of  their  property 
by  Mr.  Price's  appointed  heirs  was  the  issue  of  a  writ  ousting 
Pelham,  and  recovering  $149.69  damages:  "And  we  command 
you,"  the  writ  continued  in  the  stern  fashion  of  the  time,  "  to 
take  the  body  of  the  said  Pelham,  and  him  commit  unto  our 
Gaol  in  our  county  of  Suffolk  aforesaid,  and  detain  in  your  cus- 
tody within  our  said  Gaol,  until  he  pay  the  full  sums  abovemen- 
tioned  with  your  fees,  or  that  he  be  discharged  by  the  said  Free- 
man, Oliver,  and  May,  in  their  said  capacities,  or  otherwise  by 
order  of  law." 

On  Easter  Monday,  1813,  at  the  first  Proprietors'  meeting 
after  the  church  had  thus  obtained  possession  of  its  property, 
the  junior  warden  read  an  extract  from  Mr.  Price's  will  as  en- 
joined in  that  document,  and  the  church  proceeded  to  enter, 
with  scrupulous  fidelity,  on  the  discharge  of  its  trust.  An  im- 
portant part  of  this  was  the  provision  of  a  course  of  Lenten 
Lectures  in  King's  Chapel,  the  first  sermon  "  to  be  preached  by 
the  rector  of  said  King's  Chapel,  his  assistant  reading  prayers; 
the  second  sermon  by  said  assistant,  the  minister  of  Christ's 
Church  reading  prayers ;  the  third  sermon  by  said  minister  of 
Christ's  Church,  the  minister  of  Trinity  Church  reading  prayers  ; 
the  fourth  sermon  by  said  minister  of  Trinity  Church,  the 
rector  of  King's  Chapel  reading  prayers ;  the  fifth  sermon  by 
said  rector  of  King's  Chapel,  his  assistant  reading  prayers;  the 
sixth  sermon  by  said  assistant,  the  minister  of  Christ's  Church 
reading  prayers ;  the  seventh  sermon  by  the  said  minister  of 
Christ's  Church,  the  minister  of  Trinity  Church  reading  prayers  ; 
the  eighth  sermon  by  the  minister  of  Trinity  Church,  the  rec- 
tor of  King's  Chapel  reading  prayers."  The  preachers  in  sub- 
sequent years  were  to  be  in  such  an  order  that  each  might 
preach  on  every  one  of  the  eight  subjects  within  four  years. 

Mr.  Price  likewise  directed  that  the  sermons  should  be  on  the 
following  subjects:  i.  (Ash  Wednesday.)  The  duty,  useful- 
ness, and  propriety  of  fasting  or  abstinence,  or  upon  Repentance, 
or  Faith,  or  Hope,  or  Charity,  or  Christian  Morality;  2.  Against 
Atheism  or  Infidelity,   or  in   defence  of  the  Divinity,   or  Mir- 

quite  clear,  therefore,  that  there  was  no  ject,  and  was  neither  pronounced  upon 

vested  remainder,  in  this  case,  in  the  said  by  the  court  at  that  time  nor  later,  the 

rectorand  wardens  of  the  King's  Chapel."  editor  would  seem  in  this   instance   to 

As  this  was  one  of  the  nicest  points  in-  have  assumed  a  judicial  authority  quite 

volved  in  the  later  litigation  on  this  sub-  beyond  his  proper  function. 


426  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

acles,  of  our  blessed  Saviour;  3,  The  Catholic  Church,  or  the 
Excellency  of  the  Christian  Religion ;  4.  A  Vindication  of  the 
Church  of  England  as  to  Government,  Doctrine,  or  Discipline, 
or  Against  Heresy  or  Schism,  Enthusiasm  or  Hypocrisy,  or  On 
the  Duty  of  Obedience  to  Kings  and  lawful  authority,  from  all 
persons  professing  Christianity;  5.  Against  Error  and  Supersti- 
tion, particularly  those  of  the  Church  of  Rome ;  6.  On  Detrac- 
tion or  Restitution,  or  on  Contentment  and  Resignation,  or  on 
Preparation  for  Death ;  7.  On  Baptism,  or  Confession,  or  Abso- 
lution, or  on  the  Duty  of  Public  Worship  ;  8.  (Good  Friday.)  On 
the  Passion  and  Death  of  Christ,  or.  Of  the  nature,  necessity,  and 
advantages  of  the  Holy  Communion.  In  this  admirable  list  of 
topics  prescribed,  one  is  struck  by  the  liberality  of  the  founder. 
He  uniformly  allows  alternative  subjects.  In  the  list  of  between 
thirty  and  forty  subjects,  only  those  relating  to  a  Vindication  of 
the  Church  of  England  and  the  Duty  of  Obedience  to  Kingi"; 
would  be  objected  to  to-day. 

The  first  Lecture  was  given  on  Ash  Wednesday,  18 14. 

At  the  present  day,  when  it  is  not  uncommon  to  see  churches 
frequented  for  religious  lectures  on  week  days,  it  is  difficult  for 
us  to  understand  how  repugnant  the  idea  was  in  the  early  part 
of  this  century.  Sunday-schools,  evening  and  week-day  ser- 
vices (except  Thursday  Lecture,  Thanksgivings,  and  Fasts)  were 
equally  unknown  in  the  Boston  of  that  day;  and  it  was  morally 
certain  that  the  fulfilment  of  Mr.  Price's  will  in  this  regard  would 
be  a  purely  formal  service.  Dr.  Freeman  shared,  to  the  full, 
the  almost  universal  feeling  in  the  community  of  dislike  of  such 
services ;  and  he  was  too  sincere  a  person  to  wish  to  enact  an 
empty  form.  He  wrote  to  Colonel  May,  accordingly,  saying 
that  "  he  had  a  very  strong  dislike  to  introducing  lectures  in 
the  church,"  and  proposing  to  resign  his  office,  with  character- 
istic tenaciousness  of  his  convictions.  The  matter  proceeded 
so  far  that  a  meeting  of  the  Proprietors  was  called  for  Feb.  27, 
1814,  at  which  resolutions  urging  him,  in  the  most  affectionate 
terms,  to  withdraw  his  resignation  would  have  been  passed ;  but 
he  yielded  in  advance  to  persuasions,  and  reconsidered  his  ac- 
tion.    The  resolutions,  prepared  by  Mr.  Lowell,  were  these :  — 

At  a  meeting  of  the  wardens,  vestry,  and  proprietors  of  King's  Chapel 
in  Boston  on  Sunday,  the  27th  of  February,  1814  :  — 

Whereas,  the  Rev"*  James  Freeman,  D.D.,  the  beloved  and  venerated 
Rector  of  this  church,  has  addressed  a  letter  to  the  Wardens  and  Vestry 
of  the  said  church,  signifying,  for  certain  reasons  therein  assigned,  his 
determination  to  resign  his  said  office  of  Rector ;  and  whereas,  the  War- 


THE   PRICE   FUND. 


427 


dens,  Vestry,  and  Proprietors  of  the  said  church  cannot  but  view  with 
great  emotion  and  deep  regret  the  dissolution  of  a  connection  which  has  en- 
dured for  so  many  years  with  such  unexampled  harmony  between  them  and 
their  respected  Pastor,  —  a  connection  upon  which  they  look  back  with 
the  most  tender  and  delightful  recollections,  and  to  which  they  hope  and 
believe  they  have  been  indebted  for  many  virtuous  and  religious  feelings 
in  times  past,  and  for  many  blessings  in  the  present  and  future  life  ;  while 
they  recollect  also  that  to  the  zeal,  the  piety,  the  learning,  and  affection- 
ate and  disinterested  labours  of  their  Rector,  this  church  is  under  God 
principally  indebted  for  its  present  stability,  harmony,  and  respectability ; 
while  they  reflect  upon  their  children  who  have  been  brought  up  under 
his  paternal  care  and  ministry  to  love  God,  to  cherish  truth,  and  to  main- 
tain the  principles  of  religious  and  rational  liberty,  —  they  cannot  consent 
to  a  dissolution  of  this  tender  connection  between  them  and  their  pastor 
without  most  earnestly  intreating  him  again  to  review  the  reasons  which 
have  induced  him  to  make  the  said  resolution,  and  to  endeavour,  if  it  be 
possible,  to  gratify  them  and  promote  the  interest  of  this  church  by  re- 
taining his  said  office. 

Therefore,  Voted,  that  this  Church  does  not  accept  of  the  resignation 
of  their  beloved  and  venerated  Rector,  but  most  earnestly  requests  him 
to  continue  to  exercise  his  said  office. 

Voted,  further,  that  the  time  and  circumstances  under  which  the  said 
resignation  is  made  render  it  doubly  painful  to  them,  inasmuch  as  it  will 
appear  to  the  world,  and  even  to  that  part  of  it  whose  opinions  all  good 
men  ought  to  respect,  that  the  said  resignation  was  produced  by  a  want 
of  harmony  or  a  difference  of  opinion  upon  a  particular  subject,  which 
certainly  ought  not  to  sever  a  connection  between  a  Christian  Church 
and  their  pastor,  —  especially  a  church  upon  whom  the  most  admirable 
precepts  of  Christian  charity  have  been  so  often  and  so  eloquently  en- 
forced. 

Although  he  thus  consented  to  waive  his  personal  feeling, 
Dr.  Freeman  remained  averse  to  taking  any  further  part  in  the 
Lectures  than  was  absolutely  necessary.  As  he  himself  wrote 
subsequently:  — 

"  When  the  Price  Lectures  came  into  operation  at  King's  Chapel,  not 
having  health,  or  leisure,  or  inclination  to  deliver  discourses  during  the 
cold  season  of  Lent  to  deaf  pillars  and  insensible  walls,  I  substituted 
my  colleague,  M'  Cary,  a  younger  and  more  popular  man,  and  conse- 
quently one  who  would  attract  a  congregation,  to  preach  in  my  turn." 

It  proved,  indeed,  practically  impossible  to  carry  out  Mr. 
Price's  arrangement  in  all  its  details,  as  joint  services  could  not 
be  devised,  in  which  the  minister  of  King's  Chapel  and  those 
of  Trinity  Church  and  Christ  Church  should  unite.  A  corre- 
spondence passed  between  Mr.  Cary  and  Dr.  Gardiner:  — 


428  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Feb    7"\  1814. 

Dear  Sir,  —  As  Lent  is  approaching,  during  which  y*^  sermons  founded 
by  W?  Price  are  to  be  delivered,  will  you  permit  me  to  ask  whether  you 
have  concluded  to  assist  us  in  that  service  ?  The  idea  w^  you  suggested 
to  me  some  time  ago,  that  these  sermons  ought  to  be  free  from  any  sen- 
timents directly  and  intentionally  hostile  to  y*"  religious  sentiments  of  our 
respective  churches,  is  one  in  which  we  perfectly  agree  with  you.  And 
I  would  take  y'=  liberty  to  suggest,  also,  that  it  would  be  extremely  grati- 
fying to  us,  if  this  same  liberal  spirit  of  accommodation  would  be  ex- 
tended to  y*^  Liturgy  as  well  as  y"  sermons.  There  are  some  passages 
in  y-  Service  of  your  church  in  which,  as  you  know,  Sir,  we  cannot  con- 
scientiously unite,  and  which  some  of  our  people  think  they  cannot  con- 
sistently hear  in  their  church  when  y*^  worship  is  conducted  under  their 
control.  Would  it  be  agreeable  to  you  that  a  selection  from  your  ser- 
vice and  from  ours,  or  from  any  other  sources  mutually  agreed  on,  and 
struck  off  in  a  pamphlet  for  y''  purpose,  should  be  used  on  this  occasion 
instead  of  y"  common  forms?  Or,  if  you  prefer  to  use  your  own  ser- 
vice, would  there  be  any  objection  either  with  yourself  or  Mf  Eaton,  that 
it  should  be  read,  omitting,  in  consideration  of  our  peculiar  sentiments, 
tliose  few  passages  which  we  believe  to  be  unscriptural  ?  I  am  uncertain 
how  far  y*^  canons  of  your  church  may  permit  this  proposed  use  of  y* 
Liturgy  in  case  you  should  approve  it.  But  perhaps  this  might  be  con- 
sidered as  a  sort  of  lecture,  an  extraordinary  occasion  to  which  y"  com- 
mon rules  do  not  apply,  and  in  which  y"  minister,  at  his  discretion,  might 
use  such  parts  of  y"  Service  as,  under  existing  circumstances,  he  should 
judge  expedient? 

I  am,  with  great  respect,  your  very  humble  servant, 

S.  Gary. 

Rev"^  D^  Gardiner. 

February  8'^  1814. 

Dear  Sir,  —  It  is  not  in  our  power  to  comply  with  your  wishes.  The 
Episcopal  Liturgy  is  established  by  the  authority  of  the  General  Gonven- 
tion,  which  every  Episcopal  clergyman  is  bound  to  obey.  I  shall  there- 
fore expect  to  bring  my  own  clerk  and  our  prayer  book  to  the  Ghapel 
when  I  read  prayers  there.  Here  there  can  be  no  possible  compromise. 
If  we  can  bear  your  prayers,  surely  you  may  endure  ours. 

With  great  respect  and  esteem  your  humble  servant, 

J.  S.  J.  Gardiner. 

Rev?  M''  Gary. 

It  would  appear  that  this  was  not  agreeable  to  Dr.  Freeman 
on  doctrinal  grounds.  A  compromise  was,  however,  made,  as 
was  explained  thirteen  years  later,  in  1827,  when  the  next  legal 
process  in  the  case  was  on  trial :  — 

"  The  Rev.  Mr.  Eaton  being  called  by  the  demandants,  then  testiiied 
that  he  was  Rector  of  Ghrist's  Ghurch,  and  in  that  capacity  had  taken 


THE    PRICE    FUND.  429 

his  part  in  the  Price  Lectures;  that  they  were  begun  in  1 814,  during 
which  year  the  course  pursued  did  not  differ  materially  from  the  course 
prescribed  by  the  will,  except  in  this,  — that  the  Rev.  Dr.  Freeman  declined 
taking  part  in  the  Lectures,  because  he  could  not  conscientiously  be 
present  at  the  reading  of  the  Liturgy  of  the  other  churches ;  they  there- 
fore proposed,  in  behalf  of  Dr.  Freeman,  that  the  same  clergyman  who 
preached  in  his  turn  should  also  perform  the  rest  of  the  service,  using 
his  own  Liturgy.  Witness  objected  at  first,  because  it  was  a  deviation 
from  the  will  of  the  founder,  but  finally  assented,  lest  his  refusal  should 
create  a  disturbance  between  the  several  societies.  After  that  time, 
prayers  were  always  read  by  the  clergymen  who  preached.  Dr.  Freeman 
using  the  Chapel  Liturgy,  and  the  other  clergymen  that  of  the  American 
Episcopal  Church." 

A  singular  scene  once  took  place  in  consequence  of  Dr. 
Eaton's  loyalty  to  his  own  prayer-book :  — 

"  Once  witness  attended  when  Dr.  Freeman  was  officiating,  and  made 
the  responses  aloud,  reading  them,  however,  out  of  his  own  prayer-book, 
so  that  they  sometimes  differed  from  those  prescribed  by  the  Chapel 
Liturgy.  Twice  when  witness  was  repeating  the  Doxology,  being  one  of 
the  passages  that  differed,  Dr.  Freeman  overhearing  it,  cried  out,  '  Don't 
say  that ! '  and  after  the  second  time  witness  desisted  from  making  the 
responses  aloud.  After  the  service  was  ended,  witness  addressed  Dr. 
Freeman,  and  asked  whether  he  meant  to  deprive  members  of  the  other 
churches  of  their  right  to  join  in  worship  at  the  Lectures.  Dr.  Freeman 
said  that  he  did  not,  and  that  when  he  spoke  he  did  not  know  that  it 
was  witness  whom  he  heard  ;  but  added  that  he  could  not  conscientiously 
be  present  at  the  reading  of  the  service  used  by  witness,  as  he  considered 
it  idolatrous ;  and  that  he  must  look  upon  the  reading  of  it  again,  when 
he  was  officiating,  as  intended  to  drive  him  away  from  the  Lectures. 
Witness  asked  what  service  he  supposed  Mr.  Price  intended  should  be 
read  at  these  Lectures.  Dr.  Freeman  said  it  was  no  matter ;  that  he 
must  read  his  own  service  if  any ;  and  tliat  the  question  of  their  right 
to  the  property  was  open  to  litigation."  1 

Such  incidents  were  not  agreeable.  Still,  the  lectures  were 
faithfully  administered  by  King's  Chapel,  being  given  in  that 
church  at  the  time  by  the  persons  and  on  the  subjects  provided 
by  the  testator,  with  only  the  necessary  deviation  required  by 
the  arrangement  with  the  other  churches  in  regard  to  the  read- 
ing of  the  prayers.  Nor  was  any  complaint  made  against  the 
fidelity  of  the  church  in  administering  the  Trust.  In  1824, 
however,  soon  after  the  expiration  of  the  lease  which  the  au- 

1  Allowance  is  to  be  made  for  what  Eaton  is  said  to  have  been  always  vehe- 
mathematicians  call  "the  personal  equa-  ment  against  Dr.  Freeman,  on  doctrinal 
tion"  in  considering  this  testimony.     Dr.     grounds  ;  particularly  on  this  occasion. 


430  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

thorities  of  King's  Chapel  had  made  of  the  Price  premises  on 
coming  into  possession  in  1813,  the  dissatisfaction  of  the  other 
churches  on  account  of  the  doctrinal  and  ecclesiastical  differ- 
ences between  them  and  King's  Chapel  reached  the  point  of 
definite  action.  The  records  of  Trinity  Church  Vestry,  June 
13,  1824,  contain  a  report  of  a  committee  on  the  Price  Will, 
which  suggests :  — 

"...  It  appears  that  the  Estate  .  .  .  was  in  the  possession  of  Pelham, 
against  whom  the  King's  Chapel  brought  a  suit  and  recovered  possession 
upon  the  ground  of  their  having  a  better  claim  than  the  Defendant  who 
had  none.  In  the  opinion  of  the  Court  in  this  decision,  it  is  stated  that 
"  if  by  any  alteration  in  their  doctrines,  worship,  and  discipline  this 
parish  has  incurred  a  forfeiture,  it  is  for  heirs  of  the  Devisor  to  avail 
themselves  of  it."  Your  Committee  are  therefore  of  opinion  that  a 
question  may  fairly  be  raised  whether  the  Rector  and  Wardens  of  King's 
Chapel  were  capable  in  a  legal  sense  of  accepting  the  bequest  at  the 
time  when  they  professed  to  accept  it,  and  if  not,  whether  the  claim  to 
it  by  Trinity  Church  cannot  be  substantiated.  They  think  it  a  question 
of  great  difficulty,  turning  upon  very  nice  points.  The  identity  of  the 
Corporation  of  [King's  Chapel]  ;  the  validity  of  the  notice  of  their  accept- 
ance of  the  Donation  at  the  time  when  the  notice  was  given ;  the  effect 
of  the  American  Revolution  both  in  Church  and  State  upon  the  ques- 
tion ;  there  being  now  no  Minister  of  the  Church  of  England  here  ;  the 
alteration  of  the  Liturgy  ;  the  change  of  doctrine  and  discipline  in  [King's 
Chapel]  ;  their  departure  in  many  respects  from  the  positive  directions  of 
the  donor  ;  the  laws  in  our  Statute  book  relative  to  religious  corporations, 
and  the  numerous  decisions  in  the  Massachusetts  Term  Reports  concern- 
ing Ministers,  Parishes,  Churches,  etc.,  which  have  a  bearing  upon  these 
controverted  points,  and  which,  although  carefully  considered  by  any 
man  of  the  highest  eminence  for  his  learning  and  skill,  might  not  pro- 
duce an  opinion  upon  which  great  confidence  would  be  placed  as  to  the 
result  of  a  trial  at  law  upon  this  Church's  right  to  Mr.  Price's  bequest, 
and  such  a  trial  must  be  attended  with  great  expense.  Under  these  con- 
siderations, at  the  same  time  governed  by  a  wish  that  this  business  may 
be  conducted  with  all  possible  delicacy  towards  the  Rector,  Wardens, 
and  Proprietors  of  [King's  Chapel],"  they  suggested  the  course  of  action 
which  was  afterward  pursued. 

The  first  note  of  a  fresh  controversy  was  sounded  by  the  fol- 
lowing letter :  — 

9  July,  1824. 
To  the  Rev"?  D-:  Freeman,  Joseph  May,  Esq":  ,  Eben^  Oliver,  Esq''. . 

Gentlemen,  —  Mr  Price's  Donations  having  been  a  topic  of  discus- 
sion at  a  late  meeting  of  the  Wardens  and  Proprietors  of  Trinity  Church, 
who  claim  the  Estate  in  Cornhill,  once  the  Mansion  House,  the  under- 
signed respectfully  represent  to  you  that  at  that  meeting  they  were  elected 


THE   PRICE    FUND.  431 

a  Committee  upon  the  subject,  with  discretionary  powers  to  retain  Coun- 
sel, and  take  such  other  measures  as  they  should  deem  most  expedient 
for  the  interest  of  the  Church ;  and  they  beg  leave  to  assure  you  that 
while  in  the  discharge  of  the  duty  imposed  on  them  they  shall  be  gov- 
erned by  a  sedulous  regard  to  the  rights  of  their  own  Church  under  the 
Will  of  that  Gentleman,  no  considerations  arising  from  difference  in  theo- 
logical tenets  or  from  ])olemical  antipathies  or  prejudices  will  be  per- 
mitted to  influence  their  conduct  in  urging  to  a  final  decision  the  technical 
niceties  and  dry  matters  of  law  and  fact  on  which  the  questions  between 
these  parties  depend. 

It  is  in  the  spirit  of  that  urbanity  with  which  they  hope  the  contro- 
versy will  be  carried  on  by  both  parties  if  a  suit  at  law  is  to  be  com- 
menced, that  they  now  address  you  on  the  subject ;  and  if  there  be 
any  mode  for  wliich  you  have  a  preference,  by  which  the  rights  of  the 
church  we  represent  arising  from  that  Testamentary  Instrument  can  be 
determined  in  an  amicable  manner,  a  communication  of  your  wishes  and 
views  as  early  as  convenient  will  be  received  as  evidence  of  the  gentle- 
manly deportment  which  we  believe  you  will  always  display  in  the  dis- 
cussion of  the  controverted  points. 

With  sentiments  of  personal  respect  we  remain 
Your  humble  servants, 

Jn?  T.  Apthorp,    •\  Committee  of  Pro- 
Gard"^  Greene,      C        prietors  of 
SamV  D.  Parker,  )    Trinity  Church. 

On  Sept.  17,  1824,  shortly  after  Mr.  Greenwood's  settlement 
as  Dr.  Freeman's  colleague,  the  rector  and  church  wardens  of 
Trinity  Church  entered  on  the  premises  of  the  Price  estate, 
claiming  to  hold  possession  by  virtue  of  Mr.  Price's  will,  but 
were  "  on  the  same  day  ousted  and  disseized  of  the  same  "  by 
J.  Stodder  and  B.  C.  Frobisher,  the  tenants  at  will  under  the 
rector  and  wardens  of  King's  Chapel.  On  Sept.  18  they  sued 
out  of  the  clerk's  office  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  a  writ 
of  entry  siir  disseizin  against  the  tenants.  The  case  was  carried 
up  to  the  Supreme  Court,  the  rector  and  wardens  of  King's 
Chapel  being  joined  with  the  tenants  to  answer  to  the  suit.^ 
The  case  was  argued  before  the  full  bench,  consisting  of  Judges 
Parker,  Putnam,  Wilde,  and  Morton,  by  able  counsel  on  both 
sides,  —  Messrs.  Hubbard  and  Gardiner  for  the  demandants, 
and  Messrs.  Davis  and  Prescott  for  the  tenants.^ 

1  "  The  Minister  and  Church  Wardens  Daniel  Webster,  Benjamin  Gorham,  and 

of  Trinity  Church  vs.  Jonathan  Stodder  Samuel    Hubbard,  assisted   by   Messrs. 

and   Benjamin  C.  Frobisher."     S.  J.  C.  William  D.  Sohier,  and  William  H.  Gar- 

1828.  diner,  of  the  church.     Those  for  King's 

-The    counsel   retained   for   Trinity  Chapel  are  named  on  p.  434,  «.  ij/f^j-/. 
Church  were   Messrs.  Charles  Jackson, 


432  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

The  demandants  claimed  that  no  proper  acceptance  of  the 
bequest  had  ever  been  made  by  the  rector  and  wardens  of 
King's  Chapel,  as  required  by  the  Will,  inasmuch  as  there  was 
no  evidence  that  it  had  been  so  accepted  in  Dr.  Caner's  time ; 
and  that  the  subsequent  acceptances  were  void  because  "  the 
present  Chapel  society  "  were  not  the  same  church  nor  its  law- 
ful successors.  They  claimed  that  "  the  corporation  known  as 
the  Rector  and  Church  Wardens  of  the  King's  Chapel  "  was  dis- 
solved;  that  it  was  known  not  as  "King's,"  but  as  "Stone," 
Chapel ;  that  Dr.  Freeman  and  the  wardens  were  not  the  legal 
successors  of  Dr.  Caner  and  the  wardens  with  him ;  and,  if  the 
church  was  not  dissolved,  it  was  so  changed  "  by  its  subsequent 
secession  from  the  Church  of  England  that  its  church  officers 
were  incapable  of  executing  the  trust  in  good  faith,  according 
to  the  donor's  true  intent." 

"  The  tenants,  on  the  other  hand,  insisted  that  said  Freeman 
and  others  were  duly  elected  to  their  respective  offices,  and 
were  the  lawful  successors  of  said  Caner  and  others;  that  either 
of  the  acceptances  of  1809  and  1789  were  sufficient  in  law,  and 
that  they  did  not  invalidate  each  other;  and  they  further  con- 
tended that  even  if  both  the  said  acceptances  were  void,  yet 
lapse  of  time  and  uninterrupted  possession,  coupled  with  the 
loss  of  the  ancient  records,  would  raise  a  presumption  in  law 
that  Caner  and  others  previous  to  the  evacuation  of  Boston  had 
accepted,  and  duly  certified  their  acceptance,  so  as  to  bar  the 
demandants."  They  brought  the  evidence  of  the  facts  in  the 
history  to  prove  that  the  church  remained  the  same  church 
notwithstanding  its  doctrinal  change ;  that  Dr.  Freeman  and  his 
associates  were  the  lawful  successors  to  Dr.  Caner  and  his ;  that 
the  church  had  never  given  up  its  name  of  King's  Chapel,  and 
was  only  popularly  known  as  the  '  Stone  Chapel ;  '  and  that  the 
demandants,  by  their  own  acts,  had  recognized  '  that  said  Free- 
man and  the  others  are  the  lawful  Trustees.'  The  court  de- 
cided that  '  An  acceptance  by  the  tenants  has  been  sufficiently 
proved ;  but  a  majority  of  the  court  are  not  of  opinion  that 
they  were  in  a  condition  to  make  one;  but  a  judgment  cannot 
be  rendered  in  favor  of  the  demandants,  for  there  may  have 
been  an  acceptance  in  the  time  of  Dr.  Caner.  Whether  there 
was  an  acceptance  by  him  and  his  wardens  has  been  referred  to 
as  a  question  of  law ;  but  the  point  is,  whether  from  lapse  of 
time,  loss  of  records,  etc.,  a  certain  act  may  be  presumed  to 
have  been  done;  and  this  is  a  question  of  fact.  It  must  be 
determined  by  a  jury,  therefore,  whether  there  was  an  accep- 


THE    PRICE    FUND.  433 

tance  by  Dr.  Caner,  and  for  that  purpose  a  new  trial  is  granted.'  " 
No  doubt,  however,  was  expressed  by  the  court  respecting  the 
abihty  of  King's  Chapel  to  execute  the  trusts  attached  to  the 
donation.  "  The  question  whether  the  respondents  did  accept 
the  said  donation  depended  upon  ancient  facts  much  obscured 
by  lapse  of  time  ;  and  the  respondents  were  informed  that  much 
difficulty  was  found  by  the  court  in  determining  the  principles 
of  law  applicable  thereto,  and  that  there  was  a  division  among 
the  members  of  the  court;  hereupon  a  compromise  was  pro- 
posed and  finally  agreed  upon."  ^  It  was  agreed  between  the 
contending  parties  that  judgment  should  be  entered  in  favor  of 
Trinity  Church,  whereby  that  church  should  take  possession 
of  the  estate ;  that  thereafter  that  church  should  discharge  all 
the  trusts  under  Mr.  Price's  will ;  and  that,  by  an  indenture  be- 
tween both  parties,  Trinity  Church,  after  retaining  from  the 
income  a  sum  sufficient  to  pay  all  sums  directed  in  the  will,  and 
the  taxes,  repairs,  etc.,  should  pay  over  one  half  of  the  re- 
mainder, the  rents  and  income,  to  King's  Chapel. 

"And  whereas  it  does  not  appear,"  the  indenture  read,  "  and 
the  parties  of  the  3d  and  4th  parts  cannot  now  make  it  appear, 
whether  [Dr.  Caner  accepted,  or  Dr.  Freeman's  acceptances 
were  valid]  ;  .  .  .  and  the  respective  parties  hereto  being  de- 
sirous to  remove  henceforward  all  doubts  in  the  premises,  and 
to  determine  amicably  the  present  controversy  between  the 
religious  societies  aforesaid,  and  to  prevent  as  far  as  may  be 
the  possibility  of  any  future  controversy  between  them  and 
their  successors  respecting  the  same,  and  also  to  secure  as  far 
as  present  circumstances  will  permit  the  due  execution  of  the 
several  trusts  created  in  and  by  said  will,  etc.,  .  .  .  have  mu- 
tually agreed  that  such  verdict  and  judgment  ...  as  rnay  be 
final  and  conclusive  .  .  .  shall  be  rendered  in  favor  of  the 
demandants.  .  .   ." 

Thus  terminated  a  long  and  vexatious  controversy,  in  which 
each  party  was  probably  equally  persuaded  that  justice  was 
wholly  on  its  side ;  but  each  was  willing,  in  view  of  the  pro- 
verbial uncertainties  of  the  law,  to  accept  a  part  rather  than 
risk  losing  the  whole.  Survivors  from  that  time  have  assured 
the  writer,  that  after  the  adoption  of  this  compromise  they  were 
credibly  informed  that  if  the  new  trial  had  been  held,  the 
opinion  of  the  majority  of  the  judges  would  probably  have  been 

1  S.  J.  C.  Suffolk,  ss.  In  Equity.  Church  ct  al."  The  Answer  of  the  Pro- 
"The  Attorney  General,  Ex  Relatione,  prietors  of  King's  Chapel.  1S62.  pp. 
vs.  The  Rector  and  Wardens  of  Trinity     10,  11. 


434  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

given  in  favor  of  King's  Chapel.  However  that  might  have 
been,  the  church  was  the  more  ready  to  accept  this  conclusion 
of  the  matter,  since  in  any  event  Trinity  Church  had  been 
chosen  by  Mr.  Price  as  the  next  heir  in  case  his  first  choice 
should  fail  from  any  cause. ^ 

The  measure  of  success  in  maintaining  the  rights  of  King's 
Chapel  was  largely  due  to  the  fact,  that  when  in  1805  the  pro- 
prietors were  satisfied  that  the  original  records  prior  to  1776 
were  irrecoverably  lost,  they  had  appointed  a  committee  "  to 
collate  from  all  the  documents  which  could  be  found  a  fair 
record  of  the  votes  and  proceedings  of  the  Society."  The  best 
evidence  of  the  fidelity  with  which  this  was  done  is  in  the  fol- 
lowing note  in  the  Proprietors'  Records :  — 

This  book  of  Records  has  been  twice  tested  in  the  Supreme  Judicial 
Court,  and  approved,  after  its  history  and  origin  were  stated  by  me  in 
March,  181 3,  and  February,  1825.  J.  May. 

The  proprietors  had  signified  their  appreciation  of  this  labor 
at  the  Easter  meeting,  181 7,  by  voting  "  $300  to  Colonel  May  for 
his  services,  and  $25  per  annum  so  long  as  he  continues  to  keep 
the  records  and  attend  to  Price  duties."  At  Easter,  1827,  they 
further  voted  their  "  thanks  to  Colonel  May  for  the  zeal,  fidelity, 
and  punctuality  with  which  for  a  long  series  of  years  he  has 
discharged  the  duties  of  church  warden ;  for  the  great  service 
he  has  rendered  them  in  preserving  the  records  of  the  church, 
and  keeping  them  with  correctness ;  and  for  the  devoted  in- 
terest which  he  has  at  all  times  manifested  in  its  concerns ;  and 
that  the  best  wishes  of  the  proprietors  attend  him  on  the  present 
resignation  of  his  office." 

A  little  later,  the  church  might  well  have  been  more  tenacious 
of  its  legal  rights ;  but  at  this  time  only  one  of  the  several 
decisions  of  the  Court,  which  have  established  the  law  of  Mas- 
sachusetts in  regard  to  the  right  of  religious  societies  to  modify 
their  faith  without  forfeiture  of  their  property,  had  been  pro- 
nounced. The  Unitarian  controversy  brought  this  question 
before  legal  tribunals,  in  various  forms,  to  the  great  hurt  of  true 
religion  and  piety,  and  with  the  effect  of  rousing  much  ill-feel- 
ing, but  with  the  uniform  result  of  confirming  such  a  right. 
The  Dedham  case,  in   1820,^  had  decided  that  the  majority  of 

1  The  Proprietors'  Records  state  that  Nov.  9,  1828,  to  compromise  with  Trinity 

Messrs.   William    Prescott,    Daniel    Da-  Church.     Mr.  William  Minot  was  also  of 

vis,   William    Sullivan,   and  Charles    P.  counsel. 
Curtis,  our   Counsel,  were   empowered,  ^  Baker  vs.  Fales,  16  Mass.  488. 


THE   PRICE    FUND.  435 

parishioners  might  choose  a  minister,  although  two  thirds  of  the 
church-members  remonstrated,  and  that  a  Congregational  church 
had  no  legal  existence  apart  from  its  parish.  By  this  decision, 
the  Unitarian  majority  in  many  parishes  retained  the  possession 
of  the  church-property,  and  the  Orthodox  minority  carried  with 
them  nothing  of  it  to  the  new  churches  which  they  formed.  But 
the  Brookfield  and  the  Federal  Street  cases,  which  were  decided 
on  the  same  principles,  did  not  come  before  the  court  till  a 
later  period. 

In  the  former  of  these,  in  1830,  Chief  Justice  Shaw  gave  the 
unanimous  decision  of  the  Court  ^  that  although  the  Orthodox 
minister  of  Brookfield  had  carried  all  but  two  of  the  church- 
members  with  him  in  seceding  from  the  parish,  those  two  by 
remaining  in  connection  with  the  parish  continued  to  be  the 
church,  and  retained  the  property,  records,  and  communion 
furniture.  In  1854  the  same  great  judge  pronounced  an  opinion 
which  still  more  emphatically  confirmed  the  right  of  parishes  to 
modify  or  change  their  doctrinal  and  ecclesiastical  basis.  This 
was  in  the  case  of  "  The  Attorney  General  vs.  The  Proprietors 
of  the  Meeting-House  in  Federal  Street  in  the  Town  of  Bos- 
ton." ^  Here  the  Associate  Reform.ed  Presbyterian  Synod  of 
New  York,  the  First  Associate  Reformed  Presbyterian  Church 
and  Society  of  Boston,  and  one  of  the  parishioners  of  the  Fed- 
eral Street  meeting-house  sought  to  recover  that  property  for 
the  Presbyterian  body,  to  which  the  first  founders  of  the  said 
church  had  belonged.  The  trust  deed  of  the  land,  in  1735,  had 
conveyed  it,  "  to  hold  the  same  unto  the  said  congregation 
according  to  the  tenures  and  after  the  same  manner  as  the 
Church  of  Scotland  hold  and  enjoy  the  lands  whereon  their 
meeting-houses  are  erected."  But  the  Court  held  that  though 
the  Federal  Street  Society  had  ceased  to  be  Presbyterian  and 
had  become  Congregational  and  Unitarian,  changing  its  disci- 
phne  and  doctrine,  and  abandoning  the  use  of  the  Scotch  ver- 
sion of  the  Psalms,  the  ecclesiastical  law  of  Scotland  did  not 
hold  in  Massachusetts.  "  On  the  contrary,"  said  Judge  Shaw, 
"  every  religious  society,  unless  restrained  by  some  special  trust, 
by  the  general  law  were  at  liberty  to  change  their  denomination, 
to  profess  and  peaceably  to  inculcate  any  Christian  faith  or  doc- 
trine, and  adopt  the  form  of  worship  most  agreeable  to  them- 
selves;  and  by  doing  so,  no  forfeiture  could  be  incurred."  In 
the  light  of  such  decisions,  it  seems  indubitable  that  the  identity 
of  King's  Chapel  with  the  same  corporation  as  it  existed  before 
1  Stebbins  vs.  Jennings,  10  Pick.  172.  2  Gray's  Reports,  iii.  1-65. 


436  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

the  Revolution  would  have  been  affirmed  by  the  Court,  if  the 
question  had  reached  a  judicial  decision. 

It  is  pleasant  to  record  that  the  controversy  left  so  little  bitter- 
ness behind,  that  when  Trinity  Church  was  rebuilding,  in  1829, 
the  use  of  King's  Chapel  was  tendered  to  it  for  the  Price  Lec- 
tures, —  an  offer  which  was  declined  with  thanks  by  the  wardens 
of  Trinity  Church,  because  they  had  already  applied  to  St. 
Paul's.  Forty-five  years  passed  away,  and  the  invitation  was 
again  given,  when  the  great  fire  of  Boston,  in  1872,  had  burned 
Trinity  Church,  this  time  to  be  accepted;  and  the  Lectures 
were  once  more  given  in  King's  Chapel  to  congregations  larger 
than  Mr.  Price  could  ever  have  dreamed  of. 

The  income  from  the  Price  estate  in  1827  was  $900;  in  1836 
a  new  lease  was  concluded,  and  again  another  in  1866.  There 
seemed  no  reason  to  doubt  that  the  compromise  which  had  been 
made  with  Christian  moderation  and  good  feeling  would  be  a 
permanent  arrangement.  The  two  churches  had  agreed  for 
the  sake  of  peace,  and  for  the  carrying  out  of  Mr.  Price's  will, 
each  to  renounce  a  part  of  its  claim ;  and  they  might  well  sup- 
pose, especially  after  the  difficult  nature  of  the  questions  at  issue 
had  been  so  thoroughly  tested,  that  no  one  would  afterward 
undertake  to  re-open  the  debate. 

But  at  the  seventieth  Annual  Convention  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  in  the  Diocese  of  Massachusetts,  in  May,  i860, 
a  committee  was  appointed  "  to  confer  with  the  trustees  under 
the  will  of  the  late  William  Price,  to  consider  what  legal  and 
moral  responsibility  and  duty  are  resting  upon  them  to  carry 
out  and  fulfil  the  pious  design  of  the  testator."  The  officers  of 
Trinity  Church,  however,  declined  to  comply  with  this  request;  ^ 
which  being  reported  to  the  next  Annual  Convention,  that  body 
appointed  a  committee  to  confer  with  the  attorney-general  of 
the  State  "  for  the  instituting  of  proper  proceedings  to  ascer- 

1  It  was  stated  in  the  "  Information  income  of  this  estate ;  and  these  defend- 
in  the  matter  of  the  Price  Charity,"  etc.,  ants  do  not  intend  to  intimate  that  such 
(1862),  that  it  was  "hoped  that  said  triis-  communication  was  not  made  by  said 
tees  would  confer  with  said  committee  in  committee  in  as  '  frank  and  friendly  a 
a  frank  and  friendlv  spirit."  To  this,  in  spirit'  as  such  communications  are  usu- 
the  "  Answer  "  of  Trinity  Church,  it  was  ally  made  by  gentlemen  and  Christians, 
caustically  replied  :  "  The  defendants  ad-  But  these  defendants,  regarding  such  pro- 
mit  that  this  committee  went  through  the  ceedings  as  conceived  in  an  unfriendly 
solemn  form  of  soliciting  an  interview  spirit,  and  having  no  burden  of  con- 
with  these  defendants,  for  the  purpose  of  science  in  regard  to  their  conduct  in  the 
having  them  confess  themselves  guilty  matter,  chd  not  choose  either  to  confess 
of  a  breach  of  trust,  in  regard  to  their  themselves  before  said  committee,  or  to 
administration  and    expenditure  of  the  seek  absolution  at  their  hands." 


THE   PRICE    FUND.  437 

tain  and  enforce  the  public  charities  estabhshed  by  the  said 
VVilHam  Price." 

The  motives  avowed  for  this  unusual  action  of  a  dignified  ec- 
clesiastical body  were  twofold:  (i)  Dissatisfaction  with  the  use 
of  the  considerable  surplus  of  the  income  which  remained  after 
fulfilling  Mr.  Price's  directions,  for  the  ordinary  uses  of  Trinity 
Church  and  especially  of  King's  Chapel,  which  was  denominated 
in  the  attorney-general's  "  Information  "  "  a  Congregational  or 
Independent  meeting-house ;  "  and  (2)  The  desire  to  have  this 
surplus  appropriated,  either  for  charity  to  the  Episcopal  poor 
of  Boston,  or  to  rendering  the  Price  Lectures  more  effective. 
An  action  was  accordingly  brought  by  the  attorney-general  be- 
fore the  Supreme  Judicial  Court,  in  Equity,  April  1862,  praying 
the  court  to  decree,  after  ordering  proper  repairs,  etc.,  "  that 
said  trustees  shall  not  pay  any  part  of  the  income  ...  to  the 
Congregational  and  Unitarian  Society  occupying  King's  Chapel, 
or  to  the  persons  now  claiming  to  be  the  minister  and  wardens 
of  said  King's  Chapel,  or  to  their  successors  in  those  offices,  or 
to  the  poor  of  said  society  now  occupying  said  Chapel ;  "  that  the 
income,  after  paying  the  i5'20  expressly  provided  in  the  will, 
should  be  invested  as  a  permanent  fund,  and  that  the  income  of 
this  permanent  fund  should  be  appropriated  as  indicated  above. ^ 

The  case  was  argued  by  R.  H.  Dana,  Jr.,  and  C.  H.  Hill  for 
the  relators.  They  claimed  that  "  three  out  of  the  four  trusts  de- 
clared by  the  testator  were  charities,  and  the  intent  was  clear  to 
appropriate  the  whole  income  of  the  estate,  with  the  exception 
of  a  small  portion  distinctly  carved  out,  to  the  charities  therein 
declared ;  that  the  testator  intended  to  extend  the  influence  of 
the  Church  of  England,  and  to  assist  the  Episcopal  poor.  .  .  . 
Devoting  a  part  of  this  fund  to  the  ordinary  uses  of  a  Unitarian 
society  is  a  breach  of  trust."  They  contended  further  that  the 
compromise  of  1828  could  not  affect  this  case. 

The  Answer  of  Trinity  Church  ^  rebutted  all  these  points.  A 
few  paragraphs  from  it  will  show  its  force  and  scope :  — 

"  They  deny  that  he  was  desirous  of  providing  for  the  poor  of  the 
Church  of  England  in  Boston,  or  that  he  expected  to  provide  for  such 

1  "The  Information  in  the  matter  of  Church;  the  Vestrymen  and  Corpora- 
the  Price  Charity,  filed  in  the  Supreme  tion  of  that  Church ;  certain  persons 
Judicial  Court  by  the  Attorney-General,  claiming  to  be  the  Rector,  Wardens, 
at  the  Relation  of  the  Convention  of  Vestrymen,  and  Proprietors  of  Pews  in 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  King's  Chapel ;  and  the  Rector  and  War- 
Diocese  of  Massachusetts,  and  of  certain  dens  of  Christ's  Church."  1862. 
poor  of  Christ  Church,  against  the  Rec-  -  This  was  prepared  by  Messrs.  So- 
tor    and     Churchwardens     of     Trinity  hier  and  Welch,  solicitors. 


438  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

poor  in  his  will,  and  especially  in  the  devise  now  in  question,  otherwise 
than  by  providing  a  course  of  sermons  in  Lent,  which  should  be  free  and 
accessible  to  all,  whether  rich  or  poor,  and  by  giving  five  shillings  to  the 
collection  of  alms,  at  the  offertory,  on  every  occasion  of  the  preaching  of 
one  of  such  sermons. 

"...  They  insist  and  believe  they  will  be  able  to  show  to  the  satis- 
faction of  this  honorable  court,  that  the  testator  had  not  so  much  the 
expectation  or  desire  of  extending  the  limits  of  that  communion,  or  of  in- 
creasing its  members  in  the  city  of  Boston  and  vicinity,  as  to  establish 
those  who  were  then  or  should  thereafter  become  members  of  that  com- 
munion upon  such  sure  and  firm  foundations  in  the  true  faith,  as  he 
beheved,  that  they  could  not  be  thereafter  perverted  or  led  astray  from  the 
ancient  creeds  and  wholesome  doctrines  of  the  Church  of  England. 

"  In  proof  of  this  "  they  refer  the  court  to  some  of  Price's  subjects, 
"  which  it  is  obvious  he  could  not  have  expected  to  become  very  popular 
in  any  place,  or  at  any  time,  and  especially  among  the  inhabitants  of  .  .  . 
Boston  at  that  date,  where  the  unadulterated  faith  and  undisguised  doc- 
trines of  the  Church  of  England  and  its  modes  of  worship  were,  and 
had  been  from  the  first  settlement  of  the  country,  in  special  disfavor. 

Among  these  subjects  they  name  "fasting  and  abstinence,"  "the  divine 
right  of  kings,"  etc.,  "by  the  earnest  preaching  of  none  of  which  could 
the  testator,  as  a  rational  man,  have  expected  to  produce  a  very  rapid 
enlargement  of  the  boundaries  of  the  Church  of  England  in  .  .  .  Boston, 
or  anywhere  in  New  England ;  but  all  of  which  were  indispensable  to 
the  true  faith  of  the  members  of  that  church  and  its  continued  purity, 
in  the  belief  of  the  testator." 

They  considered  it  "  .  .  .  worthy  of  mention  that  in  all  this  series  of 
sermons  for  the  instruction  of  the  faithful  in  the  cardinal  doctrines  and 
duties  of  the  Church  of  England,  that  of  almsgiving  is  not  named ;  the 
word  '  charity '  being  used  in  connection  with  '  faith  and  hope '  as  a 
Christian  grace." 

They  contended  "  that  the  testator  .  .  .  intended  mainly  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  course  of  sermons  in  Lent,  which  should  be  calculated  to 
increase  devotion  and  invite  faithful  attendance  upon  divine  service  dur- 
ing that  period,  and  especially  to  confirm  and  establish  the  faithful  in 
those  doctrines  of  the  English  Church  which  were  difficult  of  compre- 
hension or  mysterious  in  their  nature,  and,  consequently,  repulsive  to  that 
pride  of  speculation  and  of  discovery  which  is  slow  to  accept  that  which 
it  cannot  explain  or  comprehend  ;  and  as  the  testator  felt  that  the  use- 
fulness of  such  a  course  of  sermons  must  depend  upon  the  character  of 
the  parish  where  they  were  preached,  its  church  edifice,  organ,  music, 
and  officiating  clergy,  and  how  far  they  were  independent  of  the  good  will 
of  the  parishioners  as  to  present  pecuniary  support,  and  feeling  that  he 
was  to  some  extent  laying  upon  his  donee  an  onerous  burden,  desired  to 
make  an  equivalent,  .  .  .  that  that  parish  might,  by  increase  in  the  value 
of  the  estate  and  constant  accumulation,  finally  become  wholly  independ- 


THE    PRICE    FUND.  439 

ent  of  all  external  aid,  as  the  testator  knew  was  common  in  the  mother 
Church  of  England,  and  which  he  therefore  desired  to  produce  here, 
[expecting]  that  his  donee  would  thereby  become  wholly  independent 
of  that  mercenary  love  of  the  popularity  of  the  hour  which  in  all  ages 
has  proved  so  fatal  to  the  virtue  of  so  many  persons,  both  natural  and 
corporate. 

"  .  .  .  A  collection  of  alms  on  [these  occasions  was]  one  of  the  ordi- 
nary incidents  regarded  by  the  testator  as  necessary  to  the  complete, 
orderly,  and  decent  celebration  of  divine  service  .  .  . 

"  [They]  believe  that  the  said  William  Price,  being  a  devout,  earnest- 
minded,  and  dutiful  son  of  the  Church  of  England,  .  .  .  and  fearing  lest 
the  tide  of  what  he  regarded  as  fatal  and  pernicious  error,  everywhere  so 
overwhelmingly  in  the  ascendant,  might  ultimately  triumph  to  such  an  ex- 
tent as  to  overturn  and  utterly  eradicate  those  feeble  nurseries  of  what  he 
regarded  as  the  true  faith,  thinly  planted  in  a  soil  so  uncongenial  to  their 
growth  and  endurance,  .  .  .  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  devote  a  portion  of 
his  estate  to  the  erection  and  maintenance  of  some  effectual  barrier 
against  the  encroachment  of  false  doctrines  of  every  kind  upon  the  law- 
ful and  just  dominion  of  what  he  believed  to  be  the  true  faitli ;  .  .  .  vvith 
the  hope  of  being  thereby  able  to  hedge  round  and  build  up  a  few  of 
the  faithful,  in  such  a  manner  and  to  such  an  extent,  that  they  might  be 
able  to  resist  all  the  arts  of  the  adversary,  doctrines  of  the  world  .  .  . 
even  to  the  end  of  time." 

They  claimed  that  by  the  will  a  board  of  exclusive  authority 
was  created,  and  that  the  attorney-general  had  no  right  to  in- 
terfere, unless  the  visitors  had  failed  to  do  their  duty. 

"  Trinity  Church  has  been  at  great  expense  in  maintaining  her  church 
edifice,  during  all  the  years  wherein  she  has  caused  these  Lenten  sermons 
to  be  preached,  .  .  .  amounting,  in  fact,  to  more  than  all  the  income 
derived  to  it  from  the  surplus  of  such  fund.  It  has  also,  during  all  that 
time,  been  at  great  expense  for  music,  each  year  far  exceeding  all  that  it 
derives  from  the  income  of  such  fund.  It  has  also  [in  addition  to  its 
salaries]  expended  large  sums  in  missionary  contributions,  neariy,  if  not 
quite,  equal  to  the  revenue  derived  by  it  from  the  devise  of  William 
Price." 

The  Answer  proceeded  to  defend  the  course  of  Trinity  Church 
in  making  the  indenture  of  1828,  and  to  say  that  in  case  for  any 
cause  the  court  should  regard  this  as  not  binding  in  law,  "  which 
these  defendants  do  not  believe  will  ever  come  to  pass,"  the  es- 
tate "  ought  in  good  faith  and  honest  dealing  to  be  restored  to 
King's  Chapel,"  —  not,  however,  permanently ;  since  "  said  King's 
Chapel  have  been  guilty  of  such  permanent,  marked,  and  essen- 
tial departures  from  their  church  polity  and  faith,  as  they  ex- 


440  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

isted  at  the  decease  of  Mr.  Price,  as  wholly  to  disqualify  them 
from  performing  the  trusts."  They  contended,  therefore,  that  in 
that  case  the  estate  ought  finally  to  be  restored  again  to  Trinity 
Church,  as  "  the  only  proper  and  competent  parties  named  in 
the  will."  The  Answer  of  Trinity  Church  concluded  by  deny- 
ing that  the  proposed  redistribution  of  the  income  was  within 
the  proper  functions  of  the  honorable  court. 

But  although  the  suit  was  brought  directly  against  Trinity 
Church,  it  aimed  no  less  at  King's  Chapel ;  and  the  latter  was  ac- 
cordingly associated  in  the  defence.  Their  answer  was  more  brief 
but  not  less  forcible.^  They  defended  the  interpretation  which  had 
always  hitherto  been  put  upon  Mr.  Price's  will.  They  defended 
the  right  of  the  present  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel  to  be  re- 
garded as  the  successors  of  the  church  referred  to  in  the  will; 
and  claimed  that  a  proper  acceptance  had  been  made,  and  that 
they,  their  rector  and  wardens,  "  were  and  at  all  times  have  been 
capable  of  receiving,  and  did  receive,  the  donation,"  and  while 
in  possession  did  faithfully  perform  all  its  duties.  They  stated 
the  history  of  the  "  Indenture;  "  defended  the  management  of 
the  property  by  Trinity  Church ;  claimed  that  both  parties  had 
an  absolute  right  to  make  the  "  Indenture,"  and  that  any  claim 
to  reopen  that  question  at  so  late  a  day  was  barred  by  the  stat- 
ute for  limitation  of  actions.  They  closed  by  denying  the  juris- 
diction of  the  court  for  such  a  disposition  of  the  surplus  income 
as  was  proposed. 

The  case  was  argued  by  Judge  I.  F.  Redfield  for  Trinity 
Church,  and  by  Sidney  Bartlett,  Esq.,  for  Trinity  Church  and 
King's  Chapel,  dealing  specially  with  the  question  whether  Mr. 
Price  intended  to  establish  a  public  charity.  "  The  testator  con- 
templated a  surplus,"  said  Mr.  Bartlett.  "  Under  these  circum- 
stances, it  is  an  inflexible  rule  of  law  that  such  surplus  goes  to 
the  trustees." 

Justice  Benjamin  R.  Curtis,  for  King's  Chapel,  stated  strongly 
the  ground  on  which  the  church  had  always  stood :  — 

"  The  main  inquiry  in  this  case  is,  What  was  the  intention  of  the  testa- 
tor? The  leading  and  general  intention,  as  displayed  in  various  parts  of 
the  will,  was  to  benefit  King's  Chapel.  .  .  .  This  construction  was  placed 
on  the  will  contemporaneously  with  the  inception  of  the  trust,  and  has 
been  acted  on  for  more  than  fifty  years.  .  .  .  This  action  was  under  the 
sanction  of  the  visitors,  and  this  construction  of  the  will  formed  the 

1  Charles  P.  Curtis,  Jr.,  was  solicitor,  and  Sidney  Bartlett  and  B.  R.  Curtis  were 
of  counsel. 


THE   PRICE   FUND. 


441 


basis  of  a  compromise,  nearly  forty  years  ago,  which  was  advised  by 
the  ablest  counsel  in  the  Commonwealth  and  approved  by  this  court. 
...  It  is  true  that  the  testator  was  a  member  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land. But  this  is  not  enough.  It  does  not  follow  that  he  thought  he 
had  attained  to  all  light.  Besides,  he  gave  his  donation  to  a  church 
which  had  a  right  to  change  its  doctrines,  and  he  must  be  presumed  to 
be  aware  that  it  might  do  so.  Yet  he  imposed.no  conditions.  And 
there  is  no  one  duty  prescribed  which  could  not  conscientiously  be  per- 
formed in  a  Unitarian  church.  The  subjects  for  the  sermons  are  always 
prescribed  in  the  alternative,  and  it  might  as  well  be  argued  that  because 
the  testator  has  set  down  as  one  subject  the  duty  of  obedience  to  kings, 
nobody  can  execute  his  directions  since  the  Revolution.  There  is,  there- 
fore, nothing  in  the  will  inconsistent  with  the  construction  here  contended 
for." 

The  court  "  held  that  the  church  is  entitled  to  this  surplus 
for  its  own  use."  The  decision  was  pronounced  by  Judge 
Dewey ; ^  — 

"The  testator  has  strongly  impressed  upon  this  will,  by  the  lan- 
guage he  has  used  therein,  that  his  leading  purpose  was  to  benefit 
King's  Chapel.  .  .  . 

"  The  result  is  that  this  bill  must  be  dismissed,  as,  upon  the  case 
shown,  no  occasion  exists  for  the  intervention  of  the  court.  In  coming 
to  this  result,  we  leave  the  parties  in  the  exercise  of  their  rights  as  to  this 
property,  and  in  the  enjoyment  of  the  same,  as  they  have  existed  for 
more  than  forty  years."  ^ 

Thus  terminated  (it  is  to  be  hoped)  the  last  stage  of  this  long 
and  vexatious  controversy,  in  which  the  church  had  maintained 
with  dignity  and  firmness  not  only  its  own  rights,  but  those  of 
free  religious  inquiry.  The  moral  honesty  of  its  position  should 
be  unquestioned  by  all  who  hold  that  the  Church  of  England  has 
a  moral  right  to  use  the  endowments  which  it  has  appropriated 
from  the  Roman  Catholic  heritage. 

Religious  endowments  have  their  dangers,  undoubtedly;  but 
they  also  have  their  good.  The  dangers  are  obvious.  They 
may  lead  the  people  to  depend  too  little  on  themselves ;  they 
may  lead  to  extravagance  in  spending ;  they  may  be  wasted,  from 
having  an  eye  to  some  near  temporary  need  instead  of  to  the  dis- 
tant future.  But  these  possibilities  should  not  conceal  from  us 
their  benefits.     They  ought  to  insure  greater  independence  of 

^  Chief-Justice    Bigelow   did   not   sit  -  A  full  report  of  the  case  is  given  in 

in  this  case,  being  a  member  of  King's     Allen's  "  Reports,"  ix.  422-447. 
Chapel. 


442 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


worldly  favor  in  the  church ;  and  they  give  a  noble  opportunity 
to  regard  the  church  not  merely  as  an  institution  for  the  private 
benefit  of  its  corporators,  but  as  having  public  duties.  In  every 
effort  to  make  the  church  more  serviceable,  it  may  well  be  that 
it  acts  in  the  spirit  of  Mr.  Price's  charity. 

Moreover,  in  the  case  of  a  venerable  landmark  like  King's 
Chapel,  an  endowment  is  an  anchor  to  secure  its  permanence. 
It  would  be  a  benefit  to  the  whole  community,  if  by  bequests, 
and  by  a  husbanding  of  the  Price  fund,  enough  provision  could 
be  made  to  insure  the  church  against  any  possibilities  of  chance 
or  change  in  the  distant  future ;  and  so  the  vote  of  the  church  in 
1759  could  be  fulfilled. 

The  memory  of  Mr.  Price  is  preserved  by  a  marble  tablet 
which  the  Wardens  erected  in  1822,  in  the  Church,  over  the 
door  leading  to  the  Vestry:  — 


WILLIAM    PRICE 

A    BENEFACTOR    TO    THIS    CHURCH: 

DIED    MAY    XIX    MDCCLXXI. 

AGED    LXXXVII    YEARS. 


ROYAL   ARMS,  FROM   COVER  OF  PRAYER-BOOK  GIVEN   BY   KING   GEORGE   III. 
TO   king's   CHAPEL. 


CHAPTER   XXIV. 

THE  MINISTRY  OF  FRANCIS  WILLIAM  PITT  GREENWOOD. 

HE  ministry  of  FRANCIS  WiLLIAM  PiTT  GREENWOOD 
continued  from  1824,  first  as  Associate  with  Dr.  Free- 
man for  eleven  years,  and  then  until  his  own  death  in 
1843.  He  was  the  son  of  William  Pitt  Greenwood, 
a  dentist  by  profession;^  was  born  in  Boston,  Feb.  5,  1797, 
and  in  his  eighteenth  year  graduated  from  Harvard  College  in 
the  class  of  18 14;  ^  was  twice  settled  in  Boston,  over  two  of  its 
most  important  religious  societies,  and  never  left  this  city 
except  when  compelled  by  the  frail  health  which  finally  ended 
his  earthly  career.     He  was  the  son  of  parents  of  strong   and 


1  In  1799  the  registered  dentists  were 
three  only,  —  Messrs.  Isaac  and  William 
P.  Greenwood,  and  Josiah  Flagg.  Mr. 
Greenwood,  says  the  Boston  Mercury, 
of  Jan.  6,  1797,  "combines  with  his  den- 
tal profession  the  sale  of  piano-fortes 
and  guitars." 

Nathaniel  Greenwood,  said  to  have 
been  the  son  of  MyJes  Greenwood,  of 
Norwich,  Eng.,  died  in  1684,  and  was 
buried  on  Copp's  Hill.  His  sons  were 
Samuel  and  Isaac.  Samuel  married  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  Richard  Ikonsson,  and 
had  Samuel,  Isaac,  Miles,  Nathaniel,  and 
Joseph,  —  of  whom  Isaac,  born  in  1702, 
was  professor  of  mathematics  at  Har- 
vard College,  and  died  Oct.  12,  174";. 
He  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Hon. 
John  Clarke,  M.D.,  and  had  Isaac,  John, 
Thales,  and  two  daughters.  Of  these, 
Isaac,  born  May  9,  1730,  was  grandfather 
of  Rev.  F.  W.  P.  Greenwood.  —  Heraldic 
Journal,  ii.  78. 

Isaac  Greenwood,  the  grandfather  of 
Dr.  Greenwood,  was  one  of  the  parish- 
ioners here  when  this  Church  was  opened 
for  public  worship.     See  ante,  p.  154. 


See  also,  for  fuller  accounts  of  the 
family,  New-Eng.  Hist,  and  Gen.  Reg. 
xiv.  171-173;  xxii.  303.  There  is  a 
memoir  of  William  Pitt  Greenwood  in 
the  Memorial  Biographies  of  the  same 
Society,  i.  268-271. 

-  The  list  of  his  class  contains  a  large 
proportion  of  eminent  names,  among 
them  the  following  (those  marked  t 
constituting  the  entire  first  class  that 
graduated  from  the  Harvard  Divinity 
School,  in  T8r7): — j  John  Allyn;t  An- 
drew Bigelow,  D.D. ;  Gamaliel  Bradford, 
M.D. ;  Samuel  D.  Bradford,  LL.D. ;  Mar- 
tin Brimmer;  Gorham  Brooks;  Thomas 
Bulfinch;  John  Call  Dalton,  M.D.; 
Waldo  Flint ;  Benjamin  Apthorp  Gould; 
t  F.  W.  P.  Greenwood,  D.D. ;  t  Alvan 
Lamson,  D.D. ;  Jairus  Lincoln;  Pliny 
Merrick,  LL.D.,  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Massachusetts;  t  Peter  Os- 
good ;  Elijah  Paine,  Justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  New  York;  William 
Hickling  Prescott,  LL.D.  (the  historian)  ; 
t  James  Walker,  LL.D.,  President  of 
Harvard  University. 


444 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


virtuous  character,  both  of  whom  outlived  him,  and  whose 
best  traits  were  reproduced  in  their  distinguished  son.  Espe- 
cially in  him  was  verified  the  frequent  rule  that  the  mother's 

character  survives 
in  the  child.  For- 
tunate in  this  in- 
heritance, he  was 
fortunate  also  in  the 
early  impressions 
to  which  his  tender 
religious  nature  was 


subject,  from  the 
Church  to  which  his 
parents  belonged. 
He  was  a  child  of 
this  Chapel,  and 
was  baptized  by 
Dr.  Freeman, 
whose  colleague  he 
was  one  day  to  be.  "The  richly  simple  service  to  which  his 
childhood  was  accustomed  "  formed  the  very  habit  of  his  mind ; 
while  the  preaching  of  Dr.  Freeman  —  almost  bare  in  its  sim- 
plicity, and  lacking  the  wonderful  charm  and  grace  which  com- 
mended every  product  of  his  own  genius  —  impressed  its  own 
simple  seriousness,  perfect  transparency,  and  absolute  loyalty 
to  truth  upon  the  very  fibre  of  his  intellectual  nature.  From 
the  beginning,  as  his  mother  afterwards  testified,  she  "  never 
knew  him  discover  the  smallest  degree  of  anger  or  pettishness 
when  he  was  rebuked  for  a  fault;  the  effect  was  always  sorrow 
and  amendment.  He  loved  the  truth  and  always  spoke  it;  and 
he  had  a  mind  so  pure  and  good  that  all  who  knew  him  ob- 
served and  spoke  of  it  as  uncommon  in  a  child  of  his  years." 
The  same  sensitive  purity  marked  his  passage  through  college 
life,  where  the  refined  and  exquisite  tastes  which  were  so  marked 
a  trait  in  him  had  already  become  prominent.  His  classmate, 
our  friend  Mr.  Thomas  Bulfinch,  would  describe  the  charm  of 
his  companionship  at  this  time  ;  his  sweet  singing,  the  delight 
of  his  classmates ;  the  cloudlessness  of  his  moral  and  spiritual 
sky. 

After  the  usual  theological  studies  at  Cambridge,  Mr.  Green- 
wood, whose  habit  of  quiet  reserve  had  thus  far  veiled  his 
intellectual  promise  even  from  his  best  friends,  was  found,  on 
the  hearing  of  his  earliest  sermons,  to  be  one  of  the  most  inter- 


THE    MINISTRY    OF    F.    W.   P.    GREENWOOD.  445 

esting  preachers  of  his  time.^  At  that  day  the  pulpit  may 
ahnost  be  said  to  have  been  the  most  exciting  interest  of  the 
town.  The  new  preacher  was  the  universal  topic  of  discussion, 
and  the  insidious  perils  of  undisguised  admiration  beset  him 
abundantly.  He  met  this  temptation  with  the  entire  simplicity 
of  character  which  no  sunshine  could  spoil,  and  the  darkest 
storms  could  only  make  perfect.  "  He  was  but  yet  in  the  first 
year  of  his  manhood,  when  he  was  ordained,  Oct.  21,  1818," 
the  successor  of  Dr.  Kirkland  and  Mr.  Thacher,^  at  the  New 
South  Church,  having  been  sought  at  the  same  time  for  the 
pulpit  in  HoUis  Street,  just  left  vacant  by  the  departure  of  Dr. 
Holley.^  "  In  one  short  year  the  committee  had  again  to 
provide  for  the  temporary  supply  of  their  pulpit,  because  a 
severe  pulmonary  disease  had  incapacitated  their  pastor,  and 
committed  to  a  sea  voyage  and  foreign  travel  the  only  reason- 
able hope  of  preserving  his  life."     Says  Dr.  Ellis, — 

"  He  was  yet  to  have  more  than  a  score  of  years  added  to  his  still 
shortened  span,  and  to  fill  a  place  of  prominent  and  well-appreciated 
professional  duty  for  another  church  in  this  city.  But  all  through  that 
renewed  pastorate  he  held  his  life  by  a  most  frail  tenure  ;  and  the  gentle 
virtues  of  invalidism,  with  the  efforts  of  the  soul  to  triumph  over  it, 
were  never  more  sweetly  exhibited  than  by  that  apostolic,  saintly  man." 

Struck  down  thus  suddenly,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  by  a 
disease  which  seemed  to  render  it  more  than  doubtful  whether 
he  could  ever  again  do  his  chosen  work  in  life,  —  compelled  to 

^  The  Rev.   Dr.  John  Pierce's  diary  Mr.  Greenwood  received  the  degree 

gives  a  full  account  of  Dr.  Greenwood's  of    Doctor   of    Divinity    from    Harvard 

ordination  as  pastor  of  the  New  South  College  in  1839. 

Church,  Oct.  21,  1818,  from  which  we  2  Samuel  Cooper  Thacher  (17S5- 
copy  the  following  paragraph:—  1818)  — son  of  Peter  Thacher  (1752- 
"  Mr.  Greenwood  was  young  at  Col-  1S02),  minister  of  Brattle  St.  Church  — 
lege,  and  was  barely  scholar  enough  to  was  a  Harvard  graduate  of  1804 ;  he  ac- 
havea  part  at  Commencement  in  a  minor  companied  Rev.  J.S.  Buckminster  in  1806 
conference.  He  was  not  a  member  of  in  his  travels,  was  for  a  time  Librarian 
the  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  He  has  since,  of  Harvard  College,  and  succeeded  Dr. 
however,  been  very  studious,  and  now  (afterwards  President)  Kirkland  as  pas- 
ranks  with  our  very  first  young  divines,  tor  of  the  New  South  Church,  May  15, 
He  has  been  uncommonly  acceptable  181 1.  He  died  at  Moulins,  France, 
wherever  he  has  preached.    Hollis  Street  Jan.  2,  1S18. 

Church  would  without  doubt  have  given  3  Horace  Holley,  LL.D.  (1781-1827) 

him  a  call  had  they  not  been  prevented  settled  at  Hollis  St.  Church  in  1809.    He 

by    his    invitation    at   the    New   South,  retired  in    1818,  with    an  extraordinary 

Some  have  their  fears  that  he  will   be  reputation    for   eloquence,   to   take    the 

unable  to  satisfy  the  expectations  which  presidency    of  Transylvania  University, 

he  has  raised.   His  most  judicious  friends,  in  Lexington,  Kentucky.     See  George  L. 

however,  appear  to  have  no  fear  as  to  Chaney's   two  Historical  Discourses  on 

the  issue."  Hollis  Street  Church.     Boston,  1877. 


446  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

leave  the  friends  whom  he  had  just  knit  to  him,  and  to  turn  his 
back  on  what  was  perhaps  the  most  eminent  position  in  his 
profession,  —  without  a  murmur,  even  with  cheerful  resignation, 
the  young  teacher,  already  a  perfected  Christian  saint,  sought 
the  climate  of  southern  Italy.  Too  feeble,  however,  for  that 
journey,  he  was  detained  in  Devonshire,  England,  through  the 
winter.  Copied  into  the  records  of  the  New  South  Church  is 
a  letter  of  singular  pathos  and  heroism  of  Christian  submission, 
dated  by  him  at  Caermarthen,  South  Wales,  April  22,  1821,  in 
which  he  says:  *'  I  have  been  more  and  more  convinced  that  I 
am  unequal  to  the  ofifice  of  serving  you ;  that  I  must  give  up  a 
profession  in  which  my  heart  was  engaged ;  that  I  must  labor 
in  the  vineyard  no  more." 

Returning  home  with  a  partial  restoration,  he  sought,  by  long 
country  rides,  in  visits  to  friends,  and  in  fond  occupations  with 
Nature,  —  with  flowers  and  birds  and  shells. — to  recuperate 
his  vigor,  and  to  train  his  soul  in  its  own  fine  apprehensions. 
Two  years  spent  in  Baltimore,  preaching  occasionally  for  Mr. 
Sparks,  in  the  Unitarian  Church,  and  editing  "  The  Unitarian 
Miscellany,"  1  "  confirmed,"  says  Dr.  Ellis,  "  his  hope  of  service 
in  his  profession."  In  Baltimore,  also,  he  was  married.  May  18, 
1824,  to  Maria,  daughter  of  Dr.  Lyde  Goodwin,  of  that  city. 

An  attempt  had  been  made,  meanwhile,  by  the  New  South 
Church  to  renew  his  relations  there  "  for  at  least  a  partial 
pulpit  responsibility;  but  the  attempt  had  failed."  Under  these 
circumstances  a  call  (dated  Sunday,  July  4,  1824)  was  issued  to 
the  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel,  to  attend  a  meeting  on  the 
following  Sunday,  July  11,  in  the  vestry-room,  after  the  morn- 
ing service  — 

To  take  into  consideration  the  expediency  of  procuring  an  Associate 
Minister,  to  alleviate  the  labours  and  share  the  pastoral  Duties  of  Rev^l 
Dr.  Freeman  ;  to  receive  a  statement  of  the  present  Funds  of  the  Church  ; 
and  to  attend  to  such  suggestions  as  shall  be  offered,  concerning  the  most 
advisable  mode  of  raising  the  means  to  support  an  Associate. 

At  the  meeting  so  called,  after  a  short  but  free  discussion,  the 
Proprietors  having  been  previously  consulted  upon  the  subject, 
it  was  — 

Voted  imanimously,  That  considering  the  infirm  state  of  the  health 
of  our  venerable  Pastor  it  is  desirable  and  expedient  for  this  Society  to 

1  This  influential  Monthly  was  started     Adams's   Life    and    Writings    of  Jai  ed 
in  Baltimore  by  Jared  Sparks,  in  January,     Sparks,  i.  175-190.  202. 
1821,  during  his   pastorate   there.     See 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    F.  W.    P.   GREExNWOOD.  447 

obtain  an  Associate  Minister,  as  soon  as  a  Candidate  can  be  found,  who 
shall  be  qualified  to  unite  the  Society,  increase  our  numbers,  and  be 
acceptable  to  Reverend  Dr.  Freeman. 

Voted  unanimously,  That  the  Minister  and  Wardens  be,  and  they 
hereby  are,  authorized  and  empowered  to  invite  the  Reverend  Francis 
William  Pitt  Greenwood  to  settle  in  this  Society,  as  our  Associate  Min- 
ister with  the  Reverend  Dr.  Freeman,  and  offer  him  as  salary  $1,200  per 
annum. ^ 

On  Monday,  July  12,  1824,  after  the  vote  of  the  day  before, 
calling  Mr.  Greenwood,  an  account  of  the  same  was  sent  to  all 
the  Proprietors,  that  they  might  express  their  assent  or  dissent. 
Of  fifty-six  Proprietors,  all  but  eight  voted  yea.^ 

Mr.  Greenwood's  answer  was  as  follows:  — 

Boston,  31  July,  1S24. 
To  the  Rector  and  Wardens  of  King's  Chapel. 

Gentlemen,  —  I  have  received,  through  you,  the  invitation  of  the  Pro- 
prietors of  King's  Chapel,  to  settle  with  them,  as  Associate  Minister  with 
the  Rev-.  Dr.  Freeman.  The  unanimity  and  cordiality  with  which  it  was 
expressed  could  not  but  be  highly  grateful  to  my  feelings ;  and  I  do  not 
wish  to  dissemble  the  sincere  pleasure  which  it  gave  me.  As  I  consider 
my  health  so  far  re-established  as  to  permit  of  my  performing  the  divided 
duties  of  your  Church  ;  as  I  have  full  confidence  in  your  kindness  and 
consideration  ;  and  as  I  know  that  I  can  always  resort  to  the  counsel  and 
assistance  of  your  venerable  and  revered  Rector,  I  declare  my  ready 
acceptance  of  your  call. 

I  shall  endeavour  to  discharge  to  the  best  of  my  discernment  and  abil- 
ity the  offices  of  this  sacred  connexion  :  and  it  is  my  earnest  prayer  to 
Almighty  God  that  he  would  enlighten  my  darkness  and  strengthen  my 
weakness,  and  grant  that  all  my  services  may  be  conducive  to  the  eternal 
welfare  of  the  People  with  whom  he  has  united  me. 

I  am,  Gentlemen,  with  sentiments  of  the  highest  respect,  your  friend 
and  servant,  Francis  W.  P.  Greenwood. 

Rev.  James  Freeman,  D.D., 
Eben^  Oliver,  Esq., 
Joseph  May,  Esq. 

1  In  1826,  it  was  voted  that  Mr.  2  Qf  these  eight,  Col.  May  records, 
Greenwood's  salary  should  be  increased  "three  were  out  of  the  country,  W.  P. 
by  a  subscription  paper,  to  be  circulated  Greenwood  (Mr.  Greenwood's  father) 
among  the  Proprietors;  in  1833  the  Par-  was  one,  one  was 'run  out,'  and  one 
ish  voted  that  his  salary,  in  the  absence  '  assigned  to  his  creditors.'  At  this  time 
of  Dr.  Freeman,  should  be  $r,8oo  (at  the  Church  owned  fifty-three  pews,  in- 
this  time  the  only  other  expenses  of  the  eluding  Nos.  83-9S  (sixteen,  now  divided 
Church  were,  for  music  and  for  the  sex-  into  nineteen,  pews)  in  the  north  gallery, 
ton,  $150);  and  in  December,  1835,  after  including  also  the  State  pew,  No.  42 
Dr.  Freeman's  death,  when  the  Vestry  (the  poor's  pew),  and  No.  i  (the  Minis- 
recommended  that  it  be  further  increased  ter's  pew).  No.  43  was  also  still  reck- 
to  $2.Soo,  the  Parish  voted  to  fix  it  at  oned,  thoucrh  its  site  was  occupied  by 
$3,000.  the  Vassall  monument. 


448  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

"  After  receiving  Mr.  Greenwood's  answer,  the  Rector  waited 
on  Mr.  Greenwood,  and  requested  him  to  commence  his  labors 
on  the  following  day,  being  Sunday,  August  i,  which  he  accord- 
ingly did,  by  reading  the  Morning  Prayers,  preaching,  and  as- 
sisting in  the  administration  of  the  Lord's  Supper ;  and  in  the 
course  of  his  sermon  he  took  occasion  to  announce  his  new  re- 
lation as  our  Associate  Minister."  Three  weeks  later,  August 
22,  it  was  ordered  that  — 

On  Sunday,  the  29  Aug.,  in  the  afternoon,  the  Proprietors  and  Occu- 
piers of  Pews  being  conveniently  seated  together,  the  Evening  Prayer 
shall  be  read  by  the  Senior  Minister,  reading  instead  of  the  Psalms  for 
the  day  the  84""  Psalm.  During  the  Voluntary,  let  the  Wardens  ascend 
the  desk ;  ...  (as  at  Mr.  Freeman's  ordination)  when,  the  Voluntary 
being  ended,  the  Senior  Minister  shall  commence  the  service  of  Induc- 
tion by  saying,  to  the  Proprietors  and  Occupiers  of  Pews  :  — 

"  Brethren  !  at  a  Proprietors'  meeting  held  at  the  Vestry  Room  on 
Sunday,  August  8-  1824  the  following  vote  was  unanimously  passed  : 

" '  Voted  unanimously,  That  the  Proprietors  of  this  Church  do  grate- 
fully, cordially,  and  affectionately  receive  the  Rev.  Francis  William  Pitt 
Greenwood  as  our  stated,  ordained,  and  settled  Minister.' 

"  You  are  now  assembled  publickly  and  solemnly  to  induct  into  office 
the  Rev-  Francis  William  Pitt  Greenwood,  your  colleague  pastor  elect. 
I  will  therefore  read  to  you  for  your  assent  the  vote  of  induction  after  we 
have  presented  our  humble  supplications  to  Almighty  God." 

Then  shall  he  read  the  Prayer  before  the  Induction.  After  which  he 
shall  read  the  following  Vote  of  Induction. 

[As  at  Mr.  Freeman's  ordination,  except  that,  after  the  word  "  Common- 
wealth," it  reads  "hereby  solemnly  elect,  constitute,  appoint,  and  induct 
into  office  the  Rev'd  Francis  William  Pitt  Greenwood,  to  be  our  stated, 
settled,  and  ordained  Minister,  public  Teacher,  Pastor,  and  Teaching 
Elder."  The  word  "sacraments"  is  changed  to  "ordinances,"  and  the 
word  "Rector"  is  omitted.] 

.  .  .  And  it  is  hereby  intended  and  understood,  that  if  at  any  time 
hereafter  ordination  by  the  hands  of  a  Bishop,  in  common  and  usual 
form,  can  be  procured  for  the  Rev-.  Mr.  Greenwood,  without  sacrificing 
our  own  religious  sentiments  to  those  of  others,  we  will  adopt  that  method 
in  addition  to  the  present  mode  of  Induction  into  office. 

[As  at  Mr.  Gary's  ordination.] 

The  Rev'.'  M'  Greenwood  will  then  declare  and  subscribe  his  accept- 
ance, and  deliver  to  the  Senior  Warden  a  copy  of  his  Declaration,  to  be 
attested  by  the  Wardens,  and  retained  upon  the  files  of  the  Church. 

The  Senior  Minister  will  then  say  : 

We  then,  the  Senior  Minister  and  Wardens  of  this  Church,  by  virtue 
of  the  authority  delegated  to  us,  do,  in  the  presence  of  Almighty  God, 
and  before  these  witnesses,  solemnly  induct  into  Office,  and  declare  you, 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   F.   W.    P.   GREENWOOD.  449 

the  Rev-  Francis  William  Pitt  Greenwood,  to  be  a  Minister,  Priest,  Pastor, 
Teaching  Elder,  and  Public  Teacher  of  this  Episcopal  Church  :  in  testi- 
mony, &c.  .  .  . 

Let  all  the  people  say  AMEN.  The  prayer  after  Induction  into 
Office  shall  then  be  read  by  the  Senior  Minister. 

After  Avhich,  he  will  give  the  Rev-  Mr.  Greenwood  his  right  hand  as  a 
token  of  his  brotherly  love,  and  of  the  affection  of  this  Church. 

The  prayer  for  the  Church  will  follow  the  giving  of  the  Right  Hand. 

The  First  Lesson,  from  the  Old  Testament,  shall  then  be  read,  consist- 
ing of  select  passages  from  the  Psalms,  Isaiah,  and  the  book  of  Proverbs, 
Ecclesiastes,  and  Ecclesiasticus. 

To  be  followed  by  the  98-  Psalm.  After  which  the  Second  Lesson 
from  the  New  Testament,  consisting  of  select  passages  from  the  Epistles 
of  St.  Paul  to  Timothy  and  to  Titus,  shall  be  read. 

To  be  followed  by  the  67"'  Psalm.  The  122?  Psalm  shall  then  be 
sung. 

After  which  the  remaining  part  of  the  Evening  Prayer  shall  be  read, 
beginning  with  the  words  —  "  The  Lord  be  with  you." 

Sing  84-  Psalm,  in  Hallelujah  Metre.  Sermon  by  Rev"*  Mr.  Green- 
wood.    Singing.     Prayer.     Benediction. 

Mr.  Greenwootrs  Acceptance. 
My  Brethren,  — 

I  feel  no  disposition  to  retract  my  late  acceptance  of  your  affectionate 
invitation  ;  and  I  here  in  a  more  public  manner  solemnly  repeat  it.  May 
God  sanction  this  my  engagement.  May  God  give  me  both  the  will 
and  the  ability  to  answer  its  high  obligations.  And  God  grant  that  the 
connexion  now  formed  between  us  may  result  in  our  mutual  benefit ;  and 
be  made  in  some  degree  instrumental  in  again  uniting  us  in  a  future 
world  of  happiness  and  peace,  through  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus 
Christ. 

Francis  W.  P.  Greenwood. 

August  29,  1824. 

At  the  time  of  Mr.  Greenwood's  settlement,  it  was  supposed 
that  Dr.  Freeman  would  share  the  pulpit  with  him.  The  broken 
health  of  the  elder  minister  almost  immediately  devolved  this 
duty  entirely  upon  Mr.  Greenwood.  By  careful  husbanding 
of  his  strength,  however,  he  was  enabled  to  meet  the  calls  of  the 
pulpit  for  eighteen  years,  with  only  occasional  intervals  when  his 
returning  malady  compelled  him  to  seek  a  milder  climate.  This 
service  he  rendered  with  an  apostolic  gravity  and  power  which 
made  his  preaching  one  of  the  strongest  Christian  influences 
exerted  in  Boston  during  those  busy  and  excited  years.  It  is 
possible  that,  as  time  went  on,  there  were  individuals  here  who 
missed  that  pastoral  relation  which  his  strength  precluded  him 
VOL.  II.  — 29 


4SO  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

from  filling;  but  in  all  the  relations  of  the  Parish  as  such  with 
him,  there  was  manifest  on  their  part  the  most  generous  sense 
of  his  rare  worth,  the  most  considerate  care  of  his  fragile  health, 
and,  on  his  part,  the  most  exquisite  thoughtfulness,  disinterested- 
ness, and  lofty  standard  of  duty. 

The  letter  files  of  the  Church  contain  a  letter  from  him  to 
the  Vestry,  written  October  lO,  1829,  stating  that  he  must  pass 
one  more  winter  in  a  milder  climate,  —  as  in  two  preceding  years. 
To  this  the  Wardens  reply  that  the  Proprietors  unanimously 
agree  and  "  cheerfully  acquiesce  in  a  separation  for  a  term  even 
beyond  what  you  have  mentioned,  if  by  that  sacrifice  they  may 
conduce  to  the  restoration  of  your  health  and  promotion  of 
your  happiness.  We  are,  dear  Sir,  with  increasing  respect  and 
affection,  your  friends  and  ob*  Serv*^,"  This  is  the  strain  of  the 
mutual  relation  to  the  end.  The  records  of  the  Church  contain 
repeated  generous  and  thoughtful  provision  for  the  supply  of  the 
pulpit  during  his  recurring  attacks  of  sickness  ;  and  we  nowhere 
find  more  beautiful  indications  of  elevated  and  consecrated  char- 
acter than  are  given  by  his  letters  to  this  people  on  various 
occasions,  and  by  his  farewell  words  to  them  before  a  voyage 
to  Cuba  for  this  cause. 

In  many  ways,  this  Church  and  its  worship  do  indeed  bear 
the  strong  impress  of  Dr.  Freeman's  personality  ;  but  in  its  best 
quality  and  influence  the  spirit  and  character  of  Dr.  Greenwood 
still  survive  here.  The  Liturgy,  in  its  present  form,  has  his 
mark  on  every  page.  Not  a  little  of  the  matter  contained 
in  it  was  recast  or  written  by  him ;  to  him  is  due  its  merciful 
restoration  from  the  incongruous  changes  which  it  had  under- 
gone in  its  second  edition  in  18 ii,  and  the  only  subject  of  re- 
gret is  that  it  was  not  possible  to  restore  it  yet  more  exactly  to 
the  form  which  it  had  taken  in  1785.  To  him  also  is  due  that 
most  excellent  "  Collection  of  Psalms  and  Hymns  for  Christian 
Worship,"  which  after  more  than  fifty  editions  is  still  one  of  the 
finest  in  use,  and  only  needs  a  supplement  containing  the  best 
hymns  written  since  its  compilation,  to  keep  it  in  its  recognized 
rank. 

He  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  Benevolent  Fraternity  of 
Churches,  and  multiplied  largely  the  charities  of  this  Parish,  which 
before  his  time  had  been  confined  to  a  single  contribution  in  the 
year.  But  to  this  body  of  services  he  gave  the  spirit,  by  infusing 
into  everything  he  did  here  the  breath  of  his  own  serious  and  lofty 
soul.  He  loved  the  ritual  of  this  Church,  its  Liturgy,  and  its 
ancient  walls  ;  and  he  believed  the  mode  of  worship  here  adopted 


\ 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    F.   W.    P.   GREENWOOD.  45 1 

to  be  the  best  attainable,  with  an  affection  dating  from  childhood 
and  strengthening  every  year. 

For  more  than  a  year,  —  the  last  of  his  life,  —  Dr.  Greenwood 
was  prevented  by  weakness  from  occupying  his  pulpit  at  all.  In 
accordance  with  his  wish  for  a  colleague,  it  was  more  than  once 
proposed  to  settle  one  with  him;  and  among  those  so  con- 
sidered was  the  revered  Ephraim  Peabody,  who  later  blessed 
this  Church  by  his  ministry.  Dr.  Greenwood's  last  greeting 
to  his  people  was  in  a  message  read  from  this  pulpit  on  Easter 
morning,  April  16,  1843:^  — 

The  pastor  would  take  this  opportunity  to  exchange  a  few  thoughts 
of  kindness  and  salutation  with  his  beloved  people.  He  congratulates 
them  that  they  hold  faithfully  together,  attending  in  the  same  ancient 
and  beautiful  temple  on  the  worship  and  ordinances  of  the  Lord.  He 
rejoices  that  so  few  inroads  have  been  made  on  their  number  by  death  ; 
and  most  truly  has  he  sympathized  with  those  families  who  have  not 
shared  in  the  general  exemption,  but  have  been  doomed  to  bereavement 
and  affliction.  On  this  most  sacred  of  our  festivals,  he  invokes  the  fullest 
blessings  of  Heaven  on  you  and  on  your  children.  He  trusts  that  you 
will  bear  his  name  in  your  thoughts,  when,  in  solemn  communion,  you 
pray  for  those  "  who  in  this  transitory  life  are  in  sickness  or  any  other 
adversity."  And  finally  he  wishes  you  grace,  mercy,  and  peace  from 
God  the  Father,  and  from  Him  who  was  crucified,  died,  and  rose  again 
for  us,  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ. 

On  August  second  of  the  same  year,  he  was  gently  released 
from  his  long  and  saintlily  borne  infirmity,  and  his  funeral  was 
attended  here,  in  conformity  with  a  paper  of  written  directions 
which  was  found  among  his  manuscripts  a  day  or  two  after  his 
decease,  written  with  the  simplicity,  directness,  just  and  deli- 
cate feeling,  and  firmness  of  judgment  characteristic  of  him. 
As  such  it  is  given  here  :  — 

When  my  funeral  takes  place,  it  is  my  desire  that  it  be  performed  in 
the  Church.  Let  me  be  buried  with  the  Church  Service,  and  with  that 
alone.  Let  nothing  be  added  to  it — for  it  needs  no  addition,-  and 
nothing  be  omitted  —  for  it  is  of  no  more  than  a  decent  length.  I  do  not 
mean,  however,  that  appropriate  music  should  be  excluded  ;  but  in  the 
pause  between  the  reading  of  the  Chapter  from  Corinthians,  and  the  re- 
maining part  of  the  service,  I  prefer,  instead  of  a  Hymn,  that  the  23d 
Psalm  should  be  chanted.  Let  only  the  proper  Church  prayer  or  prayers 
be  used,  and  not  those  which  have  been  appended  for  occasional  use  at 

1  This  message  was  contained  in  a  ing,  asking  him  to  urge  upon  the  congre- 
letter  addressed  to  Rev.  William  Ware  gation  a  generous  contribution  for  the 
who  was  to  occupy  the  pulpit  that  morn-     Ministry  at  Large. 


452  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

funerals  in  private  houses.  Above  all,  let  no  extempore  or  occasional 
written  prayer  be  introduced.  I  would  that  not  a  word  should  be  said 
concerning  what  may  be  considered  my  character  or  deservings,  at  that 
solemn  hour  when  in  the  house  of  God,  and  presence  of  his  holiness,  my 
poor  remains  are  waiting  to  be  consigned  to  the  earth.  Let  the  voice  of 
the  Church  only  be  heard  in  those  words,  mostly  from  sacred  scripture, 
which  are  used  in  our  mother  country  impartially  for  prince  and  peasant, 
and  which  are  certainly  sufficient  for  me.  I  do  not  give  these  directions 
because  I  have  any  idea  that  I  shall  be  affected  by  what  takes  place  when 
I  am  dead  ;  but  because  I  wish  to  bear  my  dying  testimony  to  the  pro- 
priety and  value  of  a  regular  and  stated  funeral  service,  and  to  evince 
that  the  preference  for  Liturgic  forms  which  I  have  maintained  through 
life  is  as  strong  as  ever  now  that  my  life  is  closing. 

We  quote  the  following  from  the  Vestry  Records:  — 

On  the  morning  of  Aug.  2,  1843,  Dr.  Greenwood  expired,  at  Dor- 
chester, of  hemorrhage  of  the  lungs,  to  attacks  of  which  he  had  long  been 
subject.  ...  It  was 

Resolved,  That  this  mournful  event  is  not  the  less  afflicting,  because 
the  danger  and  the  dread  of  its  occurrence  have,  for  some  time,  been 
imminent.  We  have  felt  that  the  blow  might  fall  at  any  moment,  and  we 
have  also  felt,  as  we  now  feel,  that  come  when  it  might,  it  would  be  heavy 
and  distressing.  By  the  death  of  Dr.  Greenwood,  we  have  lost  not  merely 
a  pastor  by  whose  ministrations  we  were  instructed  and  delighted,  but  a 
friend  in  whose  society  we  rejoiced,  a  pattern  of  true  elevation  of  char- 
acter, simplicity,  modesty,  truth,  moderation,  piety,  and  philanthropy, 
in  whose  footsteps  we  might  safely  follow,  and  the  beauty  of  whose  ex- 
ample was  itself  an  inducement  to  all  who  saw  it  to  imitate  it.  Deeply 
sensible  of  our  loss,  and  of  that  of  the  Church  whose  spiritual  guide  he 
has  been  for  nearly  twenty  years,  we  desire  to  submit  to  God's  dispensa- 
tions without  repining,  and  to  cherish  with  gratitude  and  lasting  love  tlie 
memory  of  his  excellence,  and  of  the  good  he  has  effected  by  his  labors 
and  his  life.  To  his  family  we  offer  our  condolence,  and  the  assurance 
that,  deep  as  is  their  affliction,  we*  share  it  with  the  strongest  sympathy. 
To  have  known  and  loved  him  wliom  they  have  known  and  loved  so  well, 
will  be  among  our  most  precious  recollections  in  all  future  life. 

The  burial-service  was  conducted  by  Dr.  Nathaniel  Langdon 
Frothingham,  of  the  First  Church,  on  the  afternoon  of  Friday 
the  4th  of  August.  A  contemporary  account  of  the  funeral^ 
contains  this  paragraph:  — 

"  Immediately  after  the  services  the  funeral  procession  moved  to  the 
North  Church,'^  where  the  body  was  deposited  in  the  family  tomb." 

1  Boston  Daily  Advertiser,  Saturday,  tended,  as  the  family  tomb  is  on  Copp's 
Aug.  5,  1843.  Hill. 

2  The   North  End  was  probably  in- 


THE   MINISTRY   OF    F.   \V.    P.    GREENWOOD.  453 


The  following  inscription  is  on  the  pedestal  of  a  bust  by 
John  C.  King,  placed  in  the  chancel  to  his  memory  two  years 
later :  — 

REV.    FRANCIS   WILLIAM   PITT   GREENWOOD,   D.  D. 

The  Colleague  and  Successor  of  D'  Freeman  as  Pastor  of  this  Church. 

Chosen  July  II,  1824.     Settled  Aug.  29,  1824.     Died  Aug.  2,  1843. 

Aged  46  Years. 

Endowed  with  rare  powers  of  observation  and  expression, 

his  services  in  the  pulpit  were  distinguished 

for  their  beauty,  truth  and  persuasiveness. 

The  natural  earnestness  of  his  manner  left  no  doubt  of  his  sincerity  ; 

the  justness  of  his  thoughts  no  room  for  censure  ; 

and  the  poetical  beauty  of  his  language  no  opportunity  for  objection. 

His  character,  as  developed  through  long  years  of  lingering  disease, 

corresponds  with  that  of  his  writings  ; 

it  was  truly  Christian,  consistent,  and  attractive. 


His  people  have  placed  this  bust  here  in  affectionate  commemoration 
of  his  wisdom  and  his  virtues.     March,  1845. 


454  ANNALS    OF    KING'S   CHAPEL. 

Dr.  Greenwood's  literary  activity,  notwithstanding  his  frail 
health,  was  constant.  In  November,  1827,  the  Vestry  requested 
"  a  copy  of  his  sermons  on  the  Twelve  Apostles,  —  the  expense 
of  printing  to  be  defrayed  from  the  church  funds,  and  any  profits 
to  be  presented  to  him."  This  was  the  first  of  the  volumes  pub- 
lished during  his  lifetime.  In  1833  he  published  his  "•  History  of 
King's  Chapel;"  and  in  1842,  his  "Sermons  of  Consolation." 
From  1 83 1  to  1839,  with  various  interruptions  from  ill-health,  he 
was  associate  editor,  with  Rev.  James  Walker,  of  the  "Christian 
Examiner,"  and  contributed  to  it  between  sixty  and  seventy  arti- 
cles, most  of  them  brief  and  very  miscellaneous  literary  notices.-^ 
He  also  gave  to  the  press  several  occasional  sermons  and  dis- 
courses. Two  volumes  of  his  Sermons  and  .a  volume  of  his  Mis- 
cellaneous Writings  were  published  after  his  death. 

The  preparation  of  a  third  edition  of  the  Chapel  Liturgy  was 
authorized  at  the  Easter  meeting,  1827,  and  it  was  ready  for  use 
at  Easter,  April,  1828.  In  this  edition  extensive  changes  were 
made  from  that  which  preceded  it,  which  were  chiefly  due  to  Mr. 
Greenwood's  thought  and  care.  Not  a  few  restorations  of  the 
phraseology  of  the  Church-of-England  Prayer-book  were  made. 
The  Litany  was  somewhat  abbreviated.  A  revisal  of  the  Psalter 
was  made,  "  omitting  the  verses  and  Psalms  which  seemed  not 
appropriate  to  the  devotions  of  a  Christian  church,  and  altering 
the  translation  wherever  it  seemed  to  be  required."  Services  for 
Thanksgiving  and  Fast  Days  and  a  Second  Form  of  Evening 
Prayer,  written  or  compiled  by  Mr.  Greenwood,  were  added,  and 
Family  Prayers  for  a  week  close  the  book.  These  Prayers  soon 
became  the  manual  of  family  devotions  in  use  in  many  devout 
Unitarian  households.  The  most  considerable  change  was  the 
addition  of  the  Second  Form  of  Evening  Prayer.  In  speaking 
of  this  Mr.  Greenwood  also  stated  the  ground  on  which  all  modi- 
fications of  the  Liturgy  from  time  to  time  have  rested  :  — 

"  The  introduction  of  this  Form  would  perhaps  have  never  taken  place, 
certainly  not  at  this  time,  if  the  common  Form  had  been  a  distinct  and 
independent  service  ;  but  it  is  obvious  to  every  one  that  a  very  large  pro- 
portion of  it  is  in  fact  a  repetition  of  the  Morning  Prayer.  Now,  though 
there  may  be  no  objection  to  expressing  our  devotional  feelings  after  the 

1  See  a  list  of  these  articles  and  critical  co  editor   of   the    Magazine     with     Dr. 

notices  in  Rev.  William  Cushing's  "In-  Walker  from  March,  1831,  to  July,  1835, 

dex  to  the  Christian  Examiner."  and  from  November,  1836,  to  February, 

The  Christian  Examiner  Society  was  1839.    For  an  account  of  the  Society  and 

organized  Jan.  27,  1829.     Dr.  Greenwood  lists  of  its  members  and  of  editors  of  the 

was  its  first  Secretary  and  a  member  of  periodical,  see  Edes's  History  of  the  Har- 

its  first  Publishing  Committee.     He  was  vard  Church  in  Charkstozvii,  p.  204. 


THE   MINISTRY   OF  F.  W.  P.  GREENWOOD.  455 

same  manner  every  week,  there  may  be,  and  in  my  opinion  is,  some  ob- 
jection to  doing  tliis  twice  in  the  same  day,  with  an  interval  of  only  two 
or  three  hours.  It  is  quite  true  that,  if  the  affections  are  engaged  in 
prayer,  it  matters  little  whether  they  are  excited  or  expressed  by  many 
different  forms  of  words,  or  by  the  same  form  repeated  over  without  alter- 
ation and  without  end ;  but  yet  it  seems  to  be  expecting  too  much  from 
the  affections  to  look  that  they  should  be  effectually  roused  by  words 
which  have  just  now  been  spoken,  and  the  sound  of  which  has  hardly 
died  upon  the  ear.  With  these  impressions  the  Second  Evening  Service 
was  proposed  and  adopted.  Though  I  believe  this  was  done  with  very 
general  approbation  and  consent,  yet  if  the  feelings  of  any  are  in  the 
slightest  degree  hurt  at  this  departure  from  ancient  order,  I  am  sincerely 
grieved.  Attachment  to  venerable  forms  I  respect,  and  with  certain  Umi- 
tations  do  heartily  sympathize  with  ;  and  I  should  be  the  very  last  person 
here  who  would  wittingly  do  the  least  thing  which  might  be  of  detriment 
to  the  interests  of  this  Church.  I  was  baptized  here,  I  was  brought  up 
here,  and  here,  through  a  somewhat  unusual  and  unforeseen  course  of 
events,  I  have  been  settled  as  associate  minister.  I  have  no  interest 
which  is  not  united  with  the  interests  of  this  Church  ;  I  take  a  pride  in  its 
history  ;  I  admire  its  architectural  beauty,  so  almost  unique  in  a  city 
where  symmetry  and  taste  in  the  building  of  churches  seem  to  be  more 
and  more  disregarded  every  day ;  there  is  not  a  column  nor  a  stone  in  it 
for  which  I  do  not  feel  an  attachment.  And  it  is  precisely  because  I  am 
deeply  interested  in  its  prosperity,  that  I  have  endeavored  to  do  what  ap- 
pears to  me  calculated  to  advance  it.  The  new  Service  is  an  experiment 
which  may  be  productive  of  good,  and  can  hardly  be  attended  with  any 
harm.  Let  us  be  governed  by  the  issue.  If  it  has  any  tendency  to  in- 
crease the  attention  of  the  congregation  to  their  solemn  duties,  and  ob- 
tains a  place  in  their  regards,  its  end  will  be  abundandy  answered.  If  it 
should  be  found  on  proper  trial  to  possess  no  merit  of  this  sort,  let  it  fall 
into  disuse.  The  Common  Evening  Service  is  still  in  the  book ;  the 
integrity  of  the  old  Form  remains  unimpaired.  For  myself,  I  can  truly  say 
that  I  have  no  partiality  for  the  New  Service  distinct  from  its  utility  ; 
and  if  it  proves  to  be  destitute  of  this  quality,  I  shall  be  the  first  to  drop 
as  I  was  the  first  to  propose  it.  Of  our  perfect,  independent  right  to 
make  this  or  any  other  change  in  our  Liturgy,  there  is  no  doubt.  We 
can  owe  no  manner  of  allegiance  or  deference  either  to  the  Episcopal 
Establishment  of  the  mother  country,  or  to  the  Episcopal  Church  of 
these  States,  by  both  of  which  we  have  been  disavowed  and  repudiated."  ^ 

The  Society  had  voted  at  the  same  time  to  have  a  nevy^  edition 
of  the  Hymn-book  which  had  been  many  years  in  use;  but  this 
took  the  form  of  a  new  book,  in  which  a  portion  of  the  hymns  con- 
tained in  the  other  was  included.     It  was  not  ready  until  March, 

1  In  March,  1S28,  one  thousand  copies  of  the  Liturgy  were  printed,  at  a  cost 
of  $790.00. 


456  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

1830,  when  it  was  accepted  by  a  vote  of  the  Vestry.  This  col- 
lection, which  had  been  prepared  by  Mr.  Greenwood  with  great 
pains  and  a  rare  combination  of  taste  and  devout  feeling,  at  once 
took  its  place  as  probably  the  most  acceptable  Hymn-book  in 
the  Unitarian  churches.  A  second  edition  contained  enlarge- 
ments ;  and  a  supplement  of  forty-nine  hymns  was  added  later.^ 
A  fourth  edition  of  the  Liturgy  was  published  in  1831.  Mr. 
Greenwood's  keen  sense  of  the  fitnesses  in  liturgical  worship 
appears  in  a  manuscript  sermon  preached  April  13,  1828,  on 
the  uses  of  the  Liturgy,  on  occasion  of  introducing  the  third 
edition ;  and  it  impressed  itself  also  on  the  details  of  conduct- 
ing the  service.^ 

The  following  extract  from  the  journal  of  Lord  Morpeth,^  who 
visited  Boston  in  1841,  is  of  varied  interest,  since  it  records  his 
attendance  on  our  worship,  and  his  impressions  of  Dr.  Green- 
wood and  Bishop  Doane,  and  reminds  us  of  his  friendship  for  a 
noble  son  of  this  Church,"*  who  had  not  then  entered  upon  his 
great  career  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States :  — 

Sunday,  October  24,  1841. 
My  first  Sunday  in  America.  I  must  confess  that  I  began  it  by 
letting  Sumner  take  me  to  his  Unitarian  Church.  It  was  the  original 
[Episcopal]  Church  in  Boston,  called  King's  Chapel ;  after  the  Revolu- 
tion it  was  changed  to  the  Stone  Church,  and  it  has  now  reverted  to  the 
first  name.  Of  the  many  Unitarian  churches  in  Boston  I  believe  that  it  is 
the  only  one  that  uses  the  Church  of  England  Liturgy,  considerably  emas- 

1  A  note  in  Mr.  Greenwood's  own  copy  Howard,  Yorkshire.  He  was  an  early 
of  his  Hymn-book  states  that  between  and  much-beloved  friend  of  Senator 
November,  183c,  and  November,  1831,  Sumner,  who  drew  an  appreciative  sketch 
there  were  five  editions  of  the  book.  At  of  the  Earl's  beautiful  character  in  a 
his  death  there  had  been  thirty-five  edi-  letter  of  condolence  addressed  to  his 
tions,  and  he  had  received  $2153.50.  Up  niece,  the  Duchess  of  Argyll.  See  Life 
to  January,  1845,  there  had  been  forty  of  C/iarles  Stimner,  iv.  261-262,  by  Hon. 
editions,  mostly  of  one  thousand  copies  Edward  L.  Pierce,  to  whom  I  am  in- 
each.  The  fifty-seventh  edition  was  pub-  debted  for  the  above  interesting  extract 
lished  in  1853.  Up  to  1871,  the  book  from  Lord  Morpeth's  journal, 
had  paid  his  family  $3,665.68.  *  Mr.  Sumner's  public  obsequies  were 

2  In  December,  1833,  a  printed  notice  held  in  the  Chapel,  March  16,  1874.  (See 
was  directed  to  be  placed  in  the  pews,  p.  559,  post.)  His  father,  the  Hon. 
"  requesting  the  congregation  to  join  in  Charles  Pinckney  Sumner,  was  Sheriff 
the  responses  of  the  service  with  an  of  Suffolk,  and  owned  pew  No.  74  as 
audible  voice."  early  as  1826.     He  died  April  24,  1839. 

Mr.  Greenwood  adopted  a  rule,  never  He  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of   the 

to  give  from  the    pulpit  any  notices  of  Cincinnati,   and   was   succeeded  therein 

meetings,  lectures,  or  anything  not  ap-  by   his   son    Charles,   at   whose  funeral 

pertaining  to  the  business  of  the  Church  the   family   pew    was   reserved   for  and 

itself.  occupied  by  his  former  associates  in  the 

3  Lord  Morpeth,  the  seventh  Earl  of  fellowship  of  that  Order. 
Carlisle,   died   Dec.   5   1864,   at   Castle 


FROM  A  DAmn^RREOTXPIJ  TAKKH 


THE   MINISTRY   OF    F.    W.   P.   GREENWOOD.  457 

culated.  The  Communion  Service  was  not  read  ;  the  singing  well  done. 
I  might  have  remarked  as  somewhat  whimsical  that  the  first  lesson  of  the 
Bible  I  heard  in  a  Republic  was  the  chapter  in  which  David  lays  so  much 
stress  against  raising  the  hand  upon  the  Lord's  anointed.  Mr.  Greenwood 
preached  the  sermon,  with  which  I  was  very  much  pleased ;  it  was  upon 
the  reverence  due  to  the  Scriptures  as  the  great  source  of  comfort  to 
vast  multitudes  in  all  ages.  "  I  put  aside  the  disputed  points  ;  I  care  not 
for  the  doubtful  readings  :  these  all  fade  away  before  the  light  of  the 
Comforter." 

In  the  afternoon,  at  2.30,  I  went  with  Mr.  William  Appleton  (with 
whom  I  lunched,  and  who  has  been  very  attentive  and  useful,  —  a  cousin 
of  the  other  houses  ^ )  to  Trinity  Church,  which  is  Episcopalian.  It  is  a 
handsome  church,  and  the  service  and  music  were  well  done.  Bishop 
Doane,  of  New  Jersey,  recently  from  Leeds,  preached.  I  did  not  very 
much  fancy  it,  bating  a  good  voice.  He  gave  as  examples  of  the  grace 
of  humility  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  Washington,  and  Bishop  Hobart. 

In  January,  1835,  the  Sunday  School  was  first  organized  in 
King's  Chapel.  Mr.  Greenwood  justly  told  his  people  that, 
while  he  expected  considerable  advantages  to  the  children  of 
our  congregation  from  the  Sunday  School,  he  did  not  expect 
that  they  would  be  of  the  same  kind  and  degree  precisely  with 
those  afforded  to  the  children  of  the  poor,  "  for  this  plain  rea- 
son,—  that  the  children  wlio  are  to  compose  our  school  are 
already  in  possession  of  many  of  the  advantages  and  much 
knowledge  which  many  other  schools  are  maintained  to  supply." 
He  spoke  of  the  advantageous  circumstances  of  "the  child 
whose  parents,  besides  the  instruction  which  they  obtain  fof  it  in 
the  best  weekly  seminaries,  instruct  it  carefully  and  kindly  at 
home,  both  by  precept  and  example;  who  take  it  with  them 
constantly  to  the  house  of  God,  .  .  .  and  when  all  have  returned 
from  God's  house  to  their  own,  converse  with  it  on  some  serious 
but  simple  topic,  and  hear  it  say  its  catechism,  repeat  or  sing  its 
hymn,  or  read  a  portion  of  the  Bible."  Still,  he  looked  for 
real  advantages  from  it,  in  the  knowledge  of  the  Scriptures  by 
the  children,  in  the  new  bond  which  the  school  would  create 
between  them  and  their  parents  and  the  Church,  and  also  in  the 
education  of  the  teachers.  To  this  end,  he  proposed  to  hold  a 
Teachers'  Meeting  weekly,  in  the  Vestry.  The  school  met 
after  the  close  of  the  afternoon  service.  "  In  the  few  weeks  in 
December  and  the  beginning  of  January,  when  the  days  are 
short,  the  pupil  might  be  dismissed  after  short  lessons.  ...  In 

1  This  refers  to  Samuel  and  Nathan  members  of  this  Church.  Some  notice  of 
Appleton,  both  of  whom  were  prominent     them  will  be  given  in  the  next  chapter. 


0 

458  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

the  long  afternoons  of  summer  the  hour  spent  in  the  school  will 
conduce  to  the  quietness  of  the  whole  day." 

It  must  not  be  supposed,  however,  that  there  had  been  no 
religious  instruction  of  the  young  hitherto.  It  had  been  the 
custom  for  the  minister  to  catechize  the  children  of  the  Church 
from  the  beginning.  "  The  catechism,"  he  said,  "  will  not  be 
disused  with  my  consent,  but  will  be  taught  and  explained  to 
every  child,  occasionally  at  least."  This  catechism,  composed 
by  Priestley  and  altered  by  Freeman,  was  published  in  the 
first   edition   of  the   Liturgy,  in   1785. 

"  I  learned  that  catechism  when  I  was  a  child  and  a  pupil :  I  still  re- 
member it  j  and  there  is  not  an  answer  in  it  which  I  should  be  ashamed 
to  repeat  as  my  own  statement,  now  that  I  am  a  man.  I  have  no  doubt 
of  the  advantage  of  committing  a  good  catechism  like  this  to  memory, 
and  no  faith  in  the  doctrine  of  those  who  would  discard  such  formulas, 
and  fix  little  or  nothing  in  the  memory  of  a  child,  to  which  he  may  re- 
turn in  after  days.  I  trust  that  every  child  in  the  congregation  will  learn 
it  by  heart,  and  that  it  will  be  kept  in  his  heart  by  repetition." 

The  influence  of  Dr.  Greenwood  upon  this  Society  has  been 
already  faintly  indicated.  But  his  influence  extended  far  beyond 
it,  by  his  printed  word.  His  volume  of  "  Sermons  of  Consola- 
tion," prepared  for  the  press  by  him  in  the  last  year  of  his 
ministry,  has  spoken  with  the  voice  of  his  own  life  and  of  the 
text  of  one  of  its  most  beautiful  discourses,  "  Come  up  hither," 
to  many  afilicted  souls.  The  volume  of  his  "  Miscellanies," 
and  his  two  volumes  of  "  Sermons,"  published  after  his  death, 
have  taken  their  place  among  the  most  perfect  examples  of 
writing  "  drawn  from  the  pure  well  of  English  undefiled,"  as  well 
as  for  yet  higher  qualities  of  spiritual  and  moral  truth.  In  his 
own  religious  body  especially,  his  influence,  if  for  the  most  part 
silent,  was  deep.  A  writer,  now  belonging  to  the  Episcopal 
Church,  has  lately  said :  — 

"  Many  churches  of  high  pretensions  to  Catholic  tradition  have  had 
less  of  Gospel  teaching  than  this  old  pulpit  has  given  under  the  ministry 
of  Greenwood  and  Peabody.  .  .  .  His  rich  and  memorable  Hymn-book 
has  done  much  to  save  Unitarians  from  Deistical  tendencies,  .  .  .  and 
needs  few  changes  of  omission  or  addition  to  fit  it  now  for  use  in  any 
churches  of  the  land.  .  .  .  Sensitive,  meditative,  ideal,  and  also  some- 
what recluse  and  reserved,  ...  he  had  a  face  never  to  be  forgotten,  and 
eyes  that  never  lost  their  light  for  friends,  —  an  expression  like  the  tran- 
quil lake  with  landscape  under  the  serene  moonlight." 


^-^ 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    F.   W.   P.   GREENWOOD.  459 

He  bore  his  part  in  the  controversies  of  an  angry  theological 
warfare;  but  he  bore  it  with  that  gentle  and  Christian  spirit 
which  was  in  all  that  he  did,  because  it  was  himself;  and  he 
believed  less  and  less  in  that  way  of  advancing  truth.  Said 
Dr.  Walker:  ^  "  The  last  time  I  saw  him,  he  spoke  of  something 
he  had  written  against  the  old  theology:  'I  thought  a  good 
deal  of  those  things  once,  but  they  're  nothing  to  me  now.' " 
He  had  the  rare  ex-  ^ 

perience  of  passing      ^^.,^,^;^„^^,.x^,.^J^'^^  /a" c*--^^-^ '<V^^ 

many  years  with  the 

thought  never  absent  from  him  that  each  day  might  be  his 
last;  and  it  colored  his  preaching  and  his  life  with  hues  of 
another  and  a  holier  world. 

Yet  it  would  be  an  error  to  suppose  that  he  was  thus  cut 
off  from  healthy  enjoyments  or  health  of  spirit.  He  had  an 
exquisite  sensibility  of  taste  to  all  things  beautiful  and  fair. 
Whatever  he  saw  in  Nature  grand  or  lovely,  he  brought  home 
to  his  work  and  word.  The  eclipse  of  the  sun  cast  the  shadow 
of  its  sublimity  over  his  sermon  on  the  day  when  it  occurred. 
He  made  the  sea  to  repeat  its  majestic  symphony  here;  and 
here  he  described  Niagara,  so  far  as  man  can  describe  the  inde- 
scribable, in  words  which  linger  like  music  on  the  memory: 

"  II  looked  softer  and  gentler  in  the  distance,  and  its  sound  came  to 
the  ear  like  a  murmur.  I  had  learned  to  regard  it  as  a  friend ;  and  as  I 
stood,  I  bade  it,  in  my  heart,  farewell. 

"  Farewell,  beautiful,  holy  creation  of  God  !  Flow  on,  in  the  gar- 
ment of  glory  which  he  has  given  thee,  and  fill  other  souls,  as  thou  hast 
filled  mine,  with  wonder  and  praise.  Often  will  my  spirit  be  with  thee, 
waking  and  in  dreams.     But  soon    I   shall   pass  away,   and  thou  wilt 

1  President    Walker  was   a   familiar  Harvard    College    the    two    degrees   of 

figure  in  the  pulpit  of   King's  Chapel.  D.  D.  and   LL.  D., —  the  others   being 

After   the  death  of   Dr.  Ephraim   Pea-  John  Gorham  Palfrey,  George  Edward 

body,  an  unsuccessful  effort  was  made,  Ellis,  and  Frederic  Henry  Hedge.    After 

in  May,  1859,  to  secure  his  services  as  Dr.  Walker's  death,  which  occurred  Dec. 

minister  of  this  Church.     The  attemj^t  23,   1874,   Mr.    Foote   preached   in    this 

was  repeated  the  following  year, when  it  Church    a    memorial    discourse,    which 

was  proposed  to  settle  him  with  a  col-  was  printed.     (See  p.  559, /(^j-A)     There 

league;  but  Dr.  Walker's  duties  in  Cam-  is  a  sketch  of  Dr.  Walker's  Charlestown 

bridge  precluded  him  from  entertaining  pastorate,    and    a    Bibliography   of   his 

the    offer.     During    the    period    of    this  ^oxV.'!,,\x\M.x.  Y.dit%'?,  History  of  the  Har- 

vacancy  in    our   pulpit,   and   before   the  vard    Church  in   Charlcstm.ini,  pp.  164- 

settlement  of  Mr.  Foote,  overtures  were  207.     See  also  Proceedings  of  the  Aineri- 

made,  successively,  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  An-  can  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  for 

drew    P.    Peabody    and    the    Rev.    Dr.  May,  1875,  x.  485  <?/ j-^^. 

Thomas  Hill  to  accept  a  settlement ;  but  [The  tributes  of  the    Historical   So- 

they  were  pledged  to  service  elsewhere.  ciety    are    in    its    printed    Proceedings, 

Dr.  Walker  was  the  first  of  the  four  xiii.  395-405,  446;    and   Second  Series, 

persons  who  only  have  received  from  vi.  443-46S.  —  Editor.] 


460  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

remain.  Flow  on,  then,  for  others'  eyes,  when  mine  are  closed,  and  for 
others'  hearts,  when  mine  is  cold.  Still  call  to  the  deeps  of  many  gene- 
rations. Still  utter  the  instructions  of  the  Creator  to  wayfaring  spirits, 
till  thou  hast  fulfilled  thy  work,  and  they  have  all  returned,  hke  wearied 
travellers,  to  their  home." 

In  considering  the  character  of  Dr.  Greenwood,  its  most 
marked  trait  is  the  even  balance  of  its  powers.  In  the  words 
of  a  memorial  discourse  by  his  near  friend,  Dr.  Frothingham : 

"  He  was  a  close  critic  and  a  patient  investigator,  and  yet  his  imagina- 
tion was  one  of  the  ruling  lights  of  his  mind.  .  .  .  But  his  judgment 
was  so  grave  as  to  be  almost  severe.  .  .  .  He  could  bear  with  nothing 
that  was  unnatural,  or  unholy,  or  untrue.  .  .  .  His  feelings  .  .  .  united 
great  strength  and  fervor  with  extraordinary  tranquillity.  ...  His  con- 
templative disposition  .  .  .  had  been  trained,  by  the  various  discipline  of 
a  delicate  if  not  a  suffering  frame,  to  look  closely  at  the  transientness  of 
mortal  things,  and  to  feel  the  necessity  of  a  curbed  will,  and  to  fix  its 
trust  upon  the  promises  of  God.  He  was  penetrated  with  moral  and 
religious  persuasions,  that  were  too  habitual  to  be  ever  uneven,  and  too 
profound  to  show  any  tumultuous  sign  of  themselves  as  they  flowed  on. 
.  .  .  He  lived  in  that  undisturbed  air.  His  faith  was  not  a  transient 
visitor,  coming  and  going,  visible  at  intervals  and  noisy  at  the  gate  ;  but 
it  abode  in  him  as  a  child  of  the  house.  .  .  .  His  manners  were  ...  so 
restrained  by  the  reflective  habit  of  the  mind  as  to  appear  sometimes 
cold.  But  these  appearances  vanished  from  him  when  one  became  no 
longer  a  stranger.  ...  His  communication  was  simple,  direct,  faithful, 
as  his  whole  character  was  consistently  grave  and  earnest." 

Those  who  differed  from  him  in  opinion  on  exciting  public 
questions  were  ready  to  call  him  tiuiid, — judging  aright  neither 
the  temper  of  his  mind  nor  the  strength  of  his  character.  That 
is  the  penalty  which  in  our  noisy  generation  a  man  has  to  pay 
for  go'ing  his  own  way  and  keeping  an  independent  mind.  He 
paid  the  penalty,  and  kept  the  independence.  But  one  who  knew 
his  thoughts  most  intimately  has  remarked  that  he  considered 
him  singularly  brave  in  his  loyalty  to  his  conscience.  "  He  was," 
said  Dr.  Walker,  '*  as  pure  as  water  from  a  living  spring." 

His  opinions  upon  the  former  annual  observance  of  "Fast 
Day"  were  in  advance  of  his  time,  but  he  hesitated  not  to  ex- 
press them  frankly.     Here  are  his  words  upon  one  occasion : 

The  Governor  of  the  Commonwealth  has  appointed  Thursday  next  to 
be  observed  as  a  day  of  fasting,  humiliation,  and  prayer.  I  have,  on  a 
previous  Sabbath,  made  a  few  remarks  to  you  on  this  subject.  I  entertain 
the  same  opinions  now  which  I  expressed  then,  —  the  same  opinions 
on  the  efficacy  of  fervent  and  sincere  prayer  ;  the  same  opinions,  too,  on 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   F.  W.    P.   GREENWOOD.  461 

the  impropriety  of  a  public  fast  at  this  time  and  under  existing  circum- 
stances. I  think  that  it  is  good  to  seek  the  Lord  in  all  time  of  tribulation 
and  of  impending  calamity,  as  the  Almighty  Disposer  who  works  all 
events,  and  will  make  them  all  work  together  for  good  to  those  who  love 
him.  I  think  that  it  is  good,  too,  not  only  that  we  should  seek  the  Lord, 
but  that  we  should  call  on  his  name  together,  on  account  of  the  important 
influences  of  social  and  public  worship,  either  for  the  purposes  of  humili- 
ation or  thanksgiving.  But,  nevertheless,  I  am  persuaded  that  the  prayer 
of  the  heart,  ascending  independently  from  each  individual  bosom,  is  in 
itself  as  availing  as  the  united  prayer  of  the  State  or  Nation  ;  and  I  can 
see  no  such  marvellous  efficacy  in  uniting  in  prayer  on  a  certain  day,  by 
proclamation,  as  to  be  desirous  of  the  appointment  of  such  a  day,  unless 
it  can  be  seriously  observed,  and  without  the  accompaniment  of  great 
abuse  and  evil.  Now,  I  fear,  almost  to  the  point  of  certainty,  that  a 
public  fost  day  will  be  abused  in  this  city  by  the  idle,  the  undevout,  and 
the  unthinking,  so  as  to  render  it,  to  a  large  body  of  people,  a  day  worse 
instead  of  better  than  an  ordinary  day  ;  and  in  regard  to  the  apprehended 
.  .  •  intemperance  and  dissipation,  ...  I  believe  in  no  merit  and  no 
usefulness  of  a  public  fast,  which  can  counterbalance  such  an  evil  as 
this.  This  was  my  principal  reason  for  the  hope  which  I  entertained 
that  we  might  keep  our  own  fast  and  have  no  day  of  public  fasting,  to  be 
occupied,  in  the  absence  of  common  duty  and  business,  in  sincere  prayer 
and  meditation,  to  be  sure,  by  some,  but  in  idleness  and  immorality  by 
others.  Nevertheless  the  day  has  been  appointed,  and  my  opposition 
ends,  and  I  shall  be  glad  if  my  fears  should  prove  unfounded.  Though 
there  is  no  legal  authority  or  obligation  in  the  appointment,  yet  we  shall 
all  be  ready  to  obey  with  that  best  spirit  of  obedience  which  actuates 
those  who  render  a  free  and  intelligent  respect  to  the  civil  powers,  and 
to  the  cause  of  order  and  good  government.  As  the  day  will  be  gen- 
erally observed  by  our  churches,  the  only  proper  course  will  be  for  us 
to  observe  it  likewise  ;  and  the  only  safe  course,  to  observe  it  sincerely 
and  piously,  as  a  day  of  prayer  and  humiliation  and  thankfulness.  I 
therefore  give  you  notice  that  this  Church  will  be  opened  for  divine 
service  on  the  morning  of  Thursday  next. 

His  fine  delicacy  of  feeling  went  into  every  side  of  his  duty. 
A  young  minister  was  once  with  him  in  his  study  when  the  hour 
came  for  him  to  go  to  marry  a  couple  in  one  of  the  leading 
families  of  his  Parish.  He  sought  in  vain  to  find  the  "  bands  " 
which  were  needed  to  complete  the  wedding  attire  of  his  pro- 
fession. At  last,  giving  over  the  hopeless  search,  he  simply 
said,  "Well,  it  is  no  matter;  they  are  not  poor,"  and  went  to 
the  house  of  wealth  with  an  easy  mind.  They  did  not  need 
to  be  assured,  by  his  apparel,  of  his  punctilious  respect  for 
them,  which,  if  they  had  been  poor,  he  would  have  spared  no 
pains  to  attest.     Again  we  quote  from  Dr.  Frothingham:  — 


462  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

"  In  his  opinions,  he  loved  to  be  settled.  .  .  .  He  set  out  his  judg- 
ments carefully,  and  then  allowed  them  to  take  their  root.  ...  It  was 
a  demand  of  his  nature  to  know  where  he  stood,  and  to  be  able  to  stand 
confidently. 

"  .  .  .  As  a  theologian,  reverence  was  one  of  the  leading  traits  of 
his  spirit.  .  .  .  Though  not  servile  to  antiquity,  he  saw  more  and  more 
in  it  as  he  grew  older,  to  win  his  respect  and  win  his  sympathies.  .  .  .  He 
was  firmly  conservative." 

But  this  was  not  so  much  a  mental  habit,  —  certainly  not  in 
the  sense  of  prejudice  or  bigotry,  —  but  rather  a  devout  and 
spiritual  habit  of  the  soul.  He  clung  to  the  solid  things  of 
faith,  because  he  saw  them  so  clearly.  He  loved  the  ancient 
forms  of  this  Church,  because  he  knew  their  spiritual  value.  He 
was,  said  Dr.  Walker,  "  the  best  reader  of  the  Liturgy  I  ever 
heard,  —  absolutely  perfect,  simple,  —  every  word  its  meaning." 
As  many  still  well  remember,  these  mental  and  spiritual  traits 
and  endowments  gave  his  preaching  a  character  all  its  own. 
To  continue  the  testimony  of  Dr.  Frothingham  :  — 

"  With  what  a  meek  grace,  what  a  beautiful  simplicity,  what  a  deep 
seriousness  upon  his  expressive  face,  he  stood  up  here  and  elsewhere 
and  spoke  for  his  Master !  His  voice  was  richly  musical,  breathing  out 
as  from  the  soul ;  his  look  saintly ;  his  manner  fervidly  collected ;  his 
word  full  of  calm  power.  While  he  was  yet  a  young  man,  his  aspect 
seemed  venerable.  It  grew  more  apostolic,  when  the  thin  features  grew 
thinner,  and  the  touch  of  time  was  upon  the  locks  of  his  hair."  ^ 

Those  to  whom  he  was  not  known,  or  known  but  little,  do  not 
lose  the  power  which  comes  from  his  words,  and  can  testify 
perhaps  even  more  earnestly  that  "  the  memorial  of  virtue  is 
immortal."  Even  from  touching  the  hem  of  the  garment  healing 
hds  proceeded.^  We  insert  here  an  extract  from  Rev.  Mr.  Gan- 
nett's  sermon  on  the  character  of  Dr.  Greenwood,  preached  on 
the  Sunday  following  his  decease,  August  6:  — 

To  a  singular  purity  and  delicacy  of  mind  he  united  an  independence 
which  had  the  firmness,  without  the  boldness,  of  the  most  lofty  superi- 
ority ;  yet  we  witnessed  in  him  a  gentleness  of  manner  which  conciliated 

1  On  Dec.  19,  1839,  Hon.  Samuel  A.  respectfully  dedicated  to  them  by  their 
Eliot  was  appointed  a  Committee  to  re-  obliged  and  Obd'.    Serv'. 
quest  Dr.  Greenwood  to  allow  his  like-  W^.'  Sharp." 
ness  to  be  taken  by  Mr.   Sharp.      Dr.          2  Some  one  had  once  said  that  Mr. 
Greenwood  complied,  and  a  large  por-  Greenwoodgathered  the  flowers  of  Chris- 
trait  was  the  result.    It  was  inscribed —  tianity   to  entertain   the   audience   with 

"  Drawn  from  Nature,  on  Stone,  and  their  beauty.     A  young  man  who  was  in 

printed  in  Colors  by  W'."  Sharp.  the  habit  of  hearing  him  replied,  "  But  the 

"  This  Plate,  executed  at  the  request  beauty  is  terrible,  ...  if  the  hearer  has 

of  the  congregation  of  King's  Chapel,  is  any  conscience."  —  Miss  E.  P.  Peabody. 


464  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL, 

many,  like  President  Kirkland,  who  joined  themselves  to  the 
company  of  hearers  without  being  recorded  on  that  more  re- 
stricted list.  Space  forbids  us  from  dwelling  on  these  memo- 
ries, but  it  is  fitting  to  hang  in  this  gallery  a  few  of  the  portraits 
which  their  pastor  drew  of  them.  Of  one  of  his  Wardens  we 
have  spoken  elsewhere;^  of  his.  associate,  Mr.  Oliver,  he  thus 
spoke : ^  — 

"  M'  Oliver  was  a  man  who  long  went  out  and  in  before  you,  and  in 
whose  behalf  you  can  well  bear  witness  that  his  hoary  head  was  a  crown 
of  glory.      W  ith  approbation,   with  respect,  with  affection  he  passed 
through  a  life  protracted  beyond  the  assigned  age  of  man.     He  has  left 
with  us  a  fair  character  and  a  happy  memory.     His  youth  was  not  with- 
out its  struggles  and  its  privations.     He  began  the  world  in  humble  cir- 
cumstances, and  laboured  hard  and  long  for  scanty  gains.     But  by  his 
diligence  and  constant  attention  to  business  he  rose  to  a  situation  of 
ease  and  comfort,  and  his  honesty,  fair  dealing,  and  integrity  have  not 
been  impeached.     The  estimation  in  which  he  was  held  by  the  commu- 
nity may  be  judged  of  from  the  fact  that  for  twenty  years  he  held  the 
place  of  Selectman  of  this  city  under  its  old  form  of  municipal  govern- 
ment, and  from  the  circumstance  Hkewise  of  his  having  held  the  office 
of  Warden  of  this  religious  society  for  thirty  years,  two  years  as  junior 
and  twenty-eight  as  senior.     He  was  appointed  junior  warden  in  1796, 
M'  Charles  Miller  being  senior  in  office,  and  in  1798  he  was  chosen  senior 
warden,  and  remained  with  the  present  junior  warden  as  his  companion 
till  the  day  of  his  death.     M'  Oliver's  manners  were  mild,  conciliatory, 
and  friendly,  though  he  could  not  be  accused  of  a  want  of  firmness. 
He  was  kind  and  cheerful,  affable  and  amiable,  yet  dignified  and  self- 
respecting.     Regular  and  temperate  in  his  habits,  he  enjoyed  tranquillity 
of  mind  and  health  of  body  almost  uninterruptedly  excellent.     Till  the 
period  of  his  last  illness,  his  step  was  light,  his  walk  quick,  and  his  frame 
without  infirmity.     He  was  greatly  blessed  in  life  by  a  merciful  Provi- 
dence.    For  the  space  of  half  a  century  he  lived  in  happy  union  with 
her  who  is  now  a  widow.     He  was  permitted  to  see  his  chidren  setUed 
comfortablv  around  him.  and  his  children's  children  administering  to  his 
felicity  in  the  time  of  his  health  and  strength,  and  surrounding  the  bed 
of  his  peaceful  death." 

Among  the  exquisite  productions  of  Dr.  Greenwood's  genius 
(which  was  never  more  felicitous  than  in  twining  these  wreaths 
of  affection  and  respect),  there  is  no  more  beautiful  and  discrim- 
inating memorial  sermon  than  that  preached  after  the  death  of 
the  Hon.  John  Lowell,  in  March,  1840:  — 

1  Col.  Joseph  May,  see  p.  4S3, /cj-A  gave  the  clock,  made  by  Simon  Willard, 

2  Ebenezer  Oliver,  Esq.,  died  Dec.  still  to  be  seen  on  the  front  of  the  west 
14,  1826,  in  his  75th  year,  having  served  gallery.  The  clock  replaced  one  which 
as  Warden  more  than  thirty  years.  In  was  "  worn  out,  and  unsafe  to  put  up 
July   preceding   his   death,    Mr.    Oliver  again." 


THE   MINISTRY   OF   F.  W.    P.   GREENWOOD.  465 

"  He  was  the  son  of  Judge  John  Lowell,^  and  was  born  in  Newbury- 
port,  Oct.  6,  1769.  Soon  after  the  evacuation  of  Boston  by  British 
troops  in  1776,  his  father  removed  to  Boston,  and  occupied  the  house 
then  opposite  this  church."  After  graduating  at  Harvard  College  in 
1786,  "  he  commenced  the  study  of  the  law  under  the  auspices  of  his 
father,  happy  that  his  reading  could  be  directed  by  the  knowledge,  and 
his  morals  confirmed  by  the  counsels  and  example,  of  a  man  whose 
sufficient  praise  it  is,  that  he  was  invested  with  the  judicial  ermine 
by  the  hand  of  Washington." 

Admitted  to  the  bar  at  the  age  of  twenty,  Mr.  Lowell  at 
thirty-four  had  acquired  by  the  practice  of  his  profession  a 
competence,  and  was  able  to  withdraw 
from  practice.  His  "  fervid  genius  and 
rapid  pen  "  were  mighty  in  battle  in  two 
causes  which  enlisted  his  whole  heart,  — 

the  cause  of  the  Federal  party,  and  the  cause  of  the  Unitarian, 
or  Liberal,  movement.  To  those  who  have  had  the  happiness 
to  know  men  belonging  to  that  political  party  in  its  prime,  it  is 
needless  to  say  that  never  did  party  contain  purer  men  or  leaders 
of  loftier  counsels  ;  and  though  they  were  on  the  losing  side,  no 
side  truly  loses  which  leaves  such  high  examples.  Among  these 
leaders  Mr.  Lowell  was  reckoned,  and  his  political  tracts  still 
glow  with  fire  and  are  full  of  conviction.  Not  less  influential  was 
he  in  his  contributions  to  the  Unitarian  controversy.  As  to  this, 
it  is  needless  here  to  do  more  than  quote  the  title  of  one  of  his 
most  famous  pamphlets:  "  Are  you  a  Christian  or  a  Calvinist? 
or.  Do  you  prefer  the  Authority  of  Christ  to  that  of  the  Gene- 
van Reformers?"  He  was  a  member  of  the  Corporation  of 
Harvard  College  for  many  years,  —  prominent  in  all  he  good 
institutions  which  were  organized  here  during  the  first  forty 
years  of  this  century,  a  born  counsellor  of  men.  Said  Dr. 
Greenwood :  — 

"  Shall  I  speak  of  his  religious  character?  I  should  do  him  no  justice 
if  I  did  not.  With  his  characteristic  susceptibility  and  delicacy,  he 
avoided  the  obtrusion  of  his  religious  doctrines  or  devotional  sentiments. 
But  it  was  impossible  not  to  perceive,  from  constant  indications,  that  the 
sanctions  of  religion  were  ever  present  with  him.  His  thoughts  of  God 
were  of  the  most  reverential  and  prevaihng  kind.  He  referred  his  life 
and  all  things  to  His  holy  will." 

1  There  are  notices  of  Judge  Lowell      Characters  and  Public  Events,  pp.  381, 
and  his    distinguished    son   in    William      395-396. 
Sullivan's    Familiar    Letters    on    Public 
VOL.  II.  —  30 


466  ANNALS   OF   KING'S   CHAPEL. 

A  monument,^  surmounted  by  his  armorial  bearings,'-^  and  the 
legend  occasionem  cognosce,  perpetuates  the  strong  features  of 
Mr.  Lowell  in  a  bust  by  John  C.  King,  and  recalls  his  virtues 
in  the  following  inscription  :  — 

lOHANNI  •  LOWELL 

IVRISCONSVLTO  •  ERVDITO  •  DISERTO 

VIRO  •  INTEGERRIMO 

QVEM  •  GIVES  •  SVI  •  LIBERTATIS  •  VINDICEM 

LITTERARVM  ■  AC  •  DISCIPLINARVM  •  OPTIMARVM  •  FAVTOREM 

RERVM  •  RVSTICARVM  .  MAGISTRVM 

AGNOVERE 

PATRIFAMILIAS  •  AMANTISSIMO 

QVI  •  SVMMAM  •  SVAVITATEM  •  CVM  ■  CONSTANTIA  •  PARI 

MIRVM  .  IN  •  MODVM  •  COMPOSVIT 

PARENTI  •  OPTIMO  .  DESIDERATISSIMO 

HOC  •  MONVMENTVM 

FILIVS  •  FILIAE  ■  QVE  ■  MOERENTES  •  FACIVNDVM  •  CVRAVERVNT 


NATVS  •  VI  ■  OCT  •  AN  .  M  .  DCC  ■  LXIX 


MORTVVS  •  Xll  •  MART  ■  AN  •  M  ■  DCCC  •  XL 

Although  Dr.  Greenwood  was  far  removed  from  being  a 
partisan,  he  was  earnest  in  the  support  of  Liberal  Christianity, 
and  with  his  Parish  took  a  part  in  the  organization  of  the  vari- 
ous Unitarian  associations  which  were  formed  in  the  early  years 
of  his  ministry.     As  he  told  his  people  in  1828,  — 

"  Some  of  us  felt  that  — belonging  to  a  church  which,  under  the  care 
of  the  venerable  man  who  may  be  called  the  father  of  Unitarian  Chris- 
tianity in  this  country,  had  steadfastly  maintained  their  religious  liberty 
and  their  liberal  sentiments  through  years  of  obloquy  and  desertion 
and  solitude,  and  of  a  species  of  persecution  which  even  yet  has  not 
entirely  ceased  —  we  occupied  a  situation  somewhat  conspicuous  ;  and 
that  it  was  due  to  our  own  character  and  principles  so  long  preserved  to 
do  something  for  the  further  promoting  of  a  cause  which  had  so  long 
been  our  own,  especially  when  other  churches  of  the  same  faith,  much 
more  lately  avowed,  were  coming  forward  on  all  sides  in  aid  of  pure  and 
simple  religion." 

For  these  reasons  the  Parish  contributed  to  the  American 
Unitarian  Association,  and  to  the  Evangelical  Missionary 
Society,  besides  the  special  aid  to  theological  students  which 
was  eiven  in  the  form  of  a  scholarship  at  the  Cambridge  Divin- 
ity  School  during  many  years.  Dr.  Greenwood  himself  served 
the  same  cause  by  his  labors  in  editing  the  "  Christian  Exam- 

1  Erected  by  his  son,  Mr.  John  Amory  Mass.  Hist.  See.  Proceedings  for  April, 

Lowell.     See  p.  523, /f'J'/.  1840,  ii.  160-169. 

An  admirable  memoir  of  Mr.  Lowell,  ^  gee  p.  526,  post. 
by  his   grandson   and   namesake,  is  in 


?  iiiii!  ^;  ^^  ^i  I  "^ 


r 


;    i  j  i  2  s  S  J  ?  I  s  ;  i 

'  i  i  I M  i '  i  H  i  f  -  ^1^ 


il-'T'wVSS^  .    M«»i*«R 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   F.    W.    P.    GREENWOOD.  467 

Iner;  "  and  his  writings  and  the  pure  dignity  of  his  character, 
both  during  his  lifetime  and  since,  have  been  held  among  the 
choice  treasures  of  his  religious  denomination.^  His  preaching 
and  his  faith,  however,  were  firmly  based  upon  the  Gospel,  and 
he  did  not  construe  loyalty  to  Unitarianism  as  meaning  indiffer- 
ence to  positive  Christianity.  While  his  sermons  were  never 
controversial,  but  devout  and  practical,  he  spoke  plainly  and 
seriously  on  the  questions  which  earnestly  agitated  the  Unitarian 
community  during  the  last  years  of  his  life:  "  Not  spirituality," 
said  he,  "  but  the  absence  of  it,  is  evinced  by  neglect  of  the 
material  church." 

To  a  spirit  so  single  and  devout,  it  was  a  shock  and  pain  to 
witness  dissensions  on  the  subjects  so  sacred  to  him,  and  to  have 
the  noises  of  theological  quarrels  invading  the  sanctuary.  He 
could  not  breathe  the  thick  atmosphere  of  controversies,  but 
dwelt  apart  in  the  serene  air  of  holy  meditation.  Yet  he  was 
no  dreamer,  but  saw  clearly  the  hurt  which  these  things  must 
do  to  the  cause  which  he  loved.  For  many  years,  the  Church, 
while  preserving  its  absolute  independence,  had  taken  part 
in  various  ecclesiastical  matters  with  those  of  like  faith.  But 
the  unhappy  differences  between  the  Hollis  Street  Church  and 
their  minister,  Rev.  John  Pierpont,  which  were  discussed,  to  the 
dissatisfaction  of  all  concerned,  in  two  ecclesiastical  councils, 
brought  Dr.  Greenwood  and  his  people  to  a  definite  resolution 
to  return  to  the  earlier  practice  of  the  Church.  We  copy  from 
the  Vestry  Records  :  — 

March  25,  1841.  —  Dr.  Greenwood  made  some  remarks  on  the 
expediency  of  so  far  separating  ourselves  from  the  other  Unitarian 
churches  of  the  Boston  Association  as  to  take  no  part  in  any  future 
Councils  which  may  be  called  to  settle  controversies.  No  action  was 
taken  on  this  subject,  but  it  was  understood  that  it  would  be  brought  up 
again  on  some  future  occasion. 

December  30,  1842.  —  Voted,  That  the  Wardens  be  respectfully 
instructed  to  decline  attendance  on  the  Council  for  ordination  of  Mr. 
Amos  Smith. 

Early  in  the  ministry  of  Mr.  Greenwood  was  founded  the 
Benevolent  Fraternity  of  Churches.  The  Ministry  at  Large 
was  begun  in  1826,  when  Dr.  Tuckerman  preached  his  first 
sermon,  to  quote  the  words  of  Dr.  Peabody, — • 

1  An  unfriendly  critic  of  the  Unita-  (p.   120),    spoke   of   Dr.  Greenwood   as 

rian  movement  (the  late  P5ishop  Burgess  among  the  "jewels  that  had  glittered  in 

of  Maine),  in  his  "  Pages  from  the  Ec-  the  crown  of  liberal  religion." 
clesiastical   History   of   New  England" 


468  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

"  in  a  bleak  upper  chamber,  which  had  been  a  painter's  loft,  to  a  small 
collection  of  people  brought  together  through  the  agency  of  a  few  young 
men  interested  in  the  enterprise.  On  the  same  morning  a  Sunday 
School  was  formed,  composed  of  seven  teachers  and  three  pupils.  So 
humble  were  its  beginnings.  The  institution  was  novel  in  its  idea,  and 
had  to  struggle  against  the  doubts  of  many  and  against  a  general  indif- 
ference. It  had  to  vindicate  its  right  to  exist,  by  proving  in  practice  that 
it  met,  better  than  any  other  method,  the  increasing  evils  of  poverty  in  a 
rapidly  growing  city." 

On  the  .Sunday  before  Easter,  1827,  Mr.  Greenwood  proposed 
to  the  congregation  to  establish  an  annual  Easter  contribution 
for  charitable  and  religious  purposes,  stating  these  reasons, — 
that  he  was  from  time  to  time  called  upon  to  provide  means  for 
the  promotion  of  various  religious  and  philanthropic  undertak- 
ings, confessedly  useful;  that  it  was  troublesome,  time-consum- 
ing, and  irksome  to  procure  these  means  by  personal  application 
to  individuals,  and  inconvenient  to  collect  them  by  contributions 
appointed  at  irregular  intervals;  that  a  regular  contribution 
was  desirable,  to  constitute  a  fund  to  be  placed  in  the  minister's 
hands,  to  be  disbursed  by  him  witli  the  consent  of  others  who 
might  be  joined  with  him  as  an  advising  committee.  To  this 
sum  was  added  the  surplus  of  the  Christmas  and  Communion 
collections  after  subtracting  the  alms  to  the  poor  of  the  Church. 
In  1840,  he  made  a  full  report  to  the  Society  of  the  uses  to 
which  these  contributions  had  been  devoted,  amounting  to  about 
$10,000.  Besides  special  cases  of  need,^  and  the  relief  of  the 
poor  of  the  Church,^  the  main  part  of  these  contributions  was 
applied  in  the  following  ways:  To  benevolent  societies  in 
Boston;'^    for   the    distribution    of   religious    books;    in   aid    of 

1  "  If  I  have  met  a  brother  in  the  mill-  their  presence  here,'  —  I  have  twenty 
istry  whom  I  know  to  be  of  good  char-  pensioners  at  present  on  my  list,  whom  I 
acter,  straitened  by  the  strong  power  of  have  known  for  years,  some  of  whom  go 
circumstances,  and  in  distress,  I  have  to  this  church  as  often  as  they  can,  and  all 
not  hesitated  to  apply  a  portion  of  your  of  whom  consider  it  their  church  and  its 
bounty  to  his  relief ;  have  I  seen  a  worthy  minister  as  their  minister.  More  than 
young  man  in  want  of  a  small  sum  to  help  half  of  this  number  are  so  old  or  so  in- 
him  acquire  an  education,  I  have  not  hesi-  firm  that  they  cafviof  come  to  church.  .  .  . 
tatedsotohelp  him;  have  I  seen  a  father  You  cannot  see  them,  unless  you  goto 
whom  I  knew  to  be  an  industrious  and  the  narrow  rooms  to  which  they  are  con- 
upright  citizen,  but  of  small  means,  look-  fined,  or  the  pallets  on  which  they  are 
ing  anxiously  round  to  secure  a  sufficient  stretched,  and  see  them  there.  Is  it 
amount  to  defray  the  e.xpense  of  a  tedious  probable  that  the  six  or  seven  others, 
and  costly  care  of  a  drooping  and  dying  who  are  able  to  come  to  church,  and  who 
child,  I  have  not  hesitated  to  help  him  ;  r/^?  come,  either  constantly  or  occasionally, 
and  each  time  I  have  thanked  God  that  would  so  attract  your  attention  that  you 
you  have  put  it  in  my  power  to  do  so."  would  particularly  remark  them  ?  " 

2  "  But  I  have  been  asked  more  than  ^  -phe  Howard  Benevolent  Society, 
once, '  Where  are  the  poor  of  this  church  ?  the  Boston  Port  Society,  and  the  Prison 
We  do  not  see  them  ;  we  are  not  aware  of  Discipline  Society. 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   F.   W.    P.    GREENWOOD.  469 

feeble  Societies,  to  erect  houses  of  worship;^  in  aid  of  indigent 
students,  and  for  educational  objects;^  and  in  support  of  the 
Ministry  at  Large. ^  In  the  objects  last  named,  he  took  a 
special  interest.  The  aid  of  needy  students  at  the  Cambridge 
Divinity  School  was  at  first  the  chief  object  of  the  Fund,  and 
it  was  extended  so  as  to  enable  several  deserving  college 
students  to  obtain  an  education.  To  the  Ministry  at  Large, 
from  1828,  there  was  a  regular  disbursement.^  Besides  this, 
the  sum  of  $900  was  appropriated  to  aid  in  building  the  Pitts 
Street  Chapel  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Sargent's  Chapel,  in  addition 
to  more  than  $700  subscribed  for  the  latter  by  Mr.  Sargent's 
personal  friends  in  the  Parish.^  "  This  form  of  charity,"  he  said, 
"  has  grown  in  our  regards ;  and  as  we  have  watched  its  benefi- 
cent operation,  we  have  rendered  to  it  more  and  more  of  our 
confidence."  There  was  a  further  reason  for  this,  in  the  fact 
that  the  venerated  Tuckerman  was  an  honored  member  of  the 
Parish  of  King's  Chapel  during  the  closing  years  of  his  life. 

Among  the  plans  which  had  been  mooted  in  the  Society  at 
one  time  was  a  proposition  to  remove  the  pulpit  to  the  centre  of 
the  chancel,  so  as  to  conform  the  arrangement  to  that  of  a  Con- 
gregational meeting-house.  Dr.  Greenwood  was  opposed  to  any 
such  change.     To  quote  his  own  words, — 

"  The  most  honorable  portion  of  the  church  is  allotted  to  the  Com- 
munion Table,  as  the  symbol  of  the  Christian  faith  and  fellowship.  On 
one  side  of  these  precincts,  denominated  the  chancel,  stands  the  pulpit,  — 
conspicuous,  decent,  ornamental,  furnishing  a  convenient  position  for  the 
instructor  and  leader  in  worship,  but  not  the  engrossing,  prominent, 
and  overshadowing  fixture  of  the  house.  This  is  as  it  should  be.  A 
change  wliich  should  transfer  the  pulpit  to  the  chancel  would  in  my  opin- 
ion go  very  far  to  spoil  the  church,  and  is  such  a  change  as  I  never  wish 
to  see  in  my  lifetime,  and  hope  will  never  be  made  after  I  shall  be  gone. 
I  know  that  such  a  change  has  been  effected  in  many  Episcopal  churches 
in  our  country ;  and  every  time  I  see  it,  I  deplore  it.  It  seems  to  pro- 
ceed from  an  ignorance  or  forgetfulness  of  the  sound  reasons  and  right 
feelings  which  directed  the  former  mode  of  arranging  the  interior  of  a 
Christian  temple."  ° 

1  Rev.  Mr.  May's  at  Brooklyn,  Conn.,  P.  Greenwood  for  many  years  past,  from 
Mr.    Bulfinch's   at    Washington,  D.  C,     funds  belonging  to  the  Church." 

Mr.  Eliot's  at  St.  Louis,  Mr.  Brooks's  at  »  His  last  message  to  the  Church,  on 

Newport,  and  the  church  at  Fall  River.  Easter,  1843,  included  a  reference  to  this 

Mr.  May  and  Mr.  Bulfinch  were  children  charity.     See  ante,  p.  451,  ^x\A  footnote. 
of  this  Church.  4  For  many  years  this  charity  received 

2  In  1S37  the  thanks  of  the  Corpora-  $300  annually. 

tion  of   Harvard  College  were  received  ^  -^^^    JqI^^  Turner  Sargent  was   a 

by  the  Proprietors  "for  valuable  books     child  of  this  Church.     See  p.  517, /<7.fA 
presented  to  the  Library  by  Rev.  F.  W.  '^  Manuscript  Sermon,  Sept.  20,  1840. 


470 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


m 


There  was,  indeed,  one  decoration  which  he  wished  to  see 
within  the  church,  —  "  the  cross,  —  the  symbol  of  Christ's  love, 

suffering,  redeeming  death, 
and  victory.  Our  dread  of 
this  most  interesting  and  sug- 
gestive remembrancer  has  en- 
dured long  enough.  The  first 
Protestants  never  entertained 
the  dread,  and  it  is  time  that 
we  had  discarded  it."  ^ 

On  Easter  Sunday,  1837, 
the  pulpit,  which  had  been 
enlarged  the  week  previous, 
was  clothed  with  a  new  red 
silk-damask  covering,  and  cur- 
tains of  the  same  material 
were  put  up  in  front  of  the  or- 
gan loft.  A  similar  covering 
was  given  to  the  reading-desk.^ 

At  the  close  of  Dr.  Green- 
wood's ministry,  the  Church 
still  remained  without  addi- 
'  tion  or  change  as  it  had  been 
before  the  Revolution.  Its 
only  monuments  were  those 
of  Vassall,  Apthorp,  and 
Shirley.  Speaking  in  1840, 
Dr.  Greenwood  said  :  — 

bers,  and  which  ma)'  perhaps  be  the  cause  of 
a  fatal  severance  of  the  Society. 

"  Referring  to  a  late  suggestion  of  Dr. 
Greenwood,  —  there  is,  it  is  well  known,  a 
very  justly  reasonable  difference  of  opinion  in 
regard  to  the  introduction  of  the  cross  within 
a  Christian  church.  Many  deem  it  the  igno- 
minious engine  used  for  the  destruction  of 
our  Saviour,  and  on  that  account  hold  it  as 
anything  but  an  object  of  veneration;  many 
would  view  its  introduction  as  an  unworthy 
departure  from  the  principles  of  our  fathers; 
and  many  of   more  watchful   jealousy  would 


^'^pSis^X^^-*^! 


THE   PAIGE   CROSS.  3 


1  On  this  occasion  the  Senior  Warden 
received  a  curious  anonymous  letter 
dated  November,  1S41,  signed  "  A  Con- 
servative Unitarian."   It  is  as  follows  : 

"  The  union  which  has  for  so  long  a  time 
subsisted  in  the  Unitarian  Society  worship- 
ping at  the  Stone  Chapel,  it  will  not  be  denied, 
is  a  matter  of  too  much  consequence  to  the 
Society  and  to  the  Unitarian  sect  at  large,  to 
allow  of  its  being  jeoparded  by  the  admission 
into  it  of  novelties,  the  tendency  of  which 
may  be  to  impair  the  unanimity  of  its  mem- 


2  The  office  of  Clerk  had  been  dis- 
continued at  Easter,  1S25,  but  the  Clerk's 
desk  was  not  transformed  into  a  pew  (an 
enlargement  of  No.  82)  until  after  May  i, 
1859.  In  August,  1840,  it  was  ordered 
that  a  new  mahogany  top-rail  be  placed 
on  the  reading-desk  and  the  Clerk's  desk, 
and   that   the    outside   of   the   pews   be 


painted  in  imitation  of  dark  oak.     See 
p.   522,  post. 

<*  Our  engraving  represents  a  richly 
wrought  silver  cross,  given  to  the  Church 
in  1875  by  Mr.  James  W^illiam  Paige,  for 
whom  it  was  made  in  Paris  expressly  in 
accordance  with  his  purpose  of  giving  it 
to  the  Church  he  loved  so  well. 


PULPIT,   1S37-18S7. 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    F.   W.  P.    GREENWOOD.  471 

"  Surely  the  time  has  not  gone  by  for  such  durable  records  of  affection 
and  respect ;  and  if  they  were  properly  introduced  in  the  former  age,  as 
every  one  who  looks  at  these  tablets  must  feel  that  they  were,  they  may 
just  as  properly  and  as  beneficially  be  erected  now.  When  the  lineaments 
of  the  deceased  can  be  given  to  surmount  the  inscription,  as  is  the  case 
with  the  busts  on  the  Vassall  monument  and  Shirley  tablet,  the  interest 
of  the  memorial  is  greatly  augmented  ;  for  then  it  seems  as  if  the  place 
had  real  inhabitants,  'dwelling  alway  in  the  house  of  the  Lord,'  while 
years  and  generations  passed  away.  These  busts  bring  to  my  mind  the 
words  which  are  said  to  have  been  addressed  by  an  old  Jeronimite  to 
Wilkie  the  painter,  when  the  latter  visited  Titian's  picture  of  the  Last 
Supper  in  the  Refectory  of  the  Escurial.  '  I  have  sate  daily,'  said  the 
monk,  '  in  sight  of  that  picture  for  now  nearly  threescore  years.  During 
that  time  my  companions  have  dropt  off,  one  after  another,  —  all  who 
were  my  seniors,  all  who  were  my  contemporaries,  and  many  of  those  who 
were  younger  than  myself;  more  than  one  generation  has  passed  away, — • 
and  there  the  figures  in  the  picture  have  remained  unchanged  !  I  look  at 
them  till  I  sometimes  think  that  they  are  the  realities,  and  we  but  shadows  !' 
How  natural  and  how  striking  is  the  thought !  And  I  know  not  that 
it  is  not  suggested  even  more  forcibly  by  marble  portraitures  than  by  the 
figures  of  a  picture.  On  some  winter's  afternoon,  as  I  have  remained 
here  after  the  congregation  have  retired,  and  sate,  while  the  early  dark- 
ness was  falling,  and  the  low  murmur  of  the  Sunday  scholars  alone  broke 
the  silence,  and  have  gazed  on  those  still  features,  so  calm,  so  passionless, 
so  substantial  and  enduring,  I  could  not  resist  the  momentary  impression 
that  they  were  indeed  the  realities,  and  we  the  poor  shadows,  flitting 
shcidowlike  before  them."  ^ 

Within  the  church,  one  unfortunate  change  was  made  in 
1826  by  the  demolition  of  the  Governor's  pew.  This  was  raised 
on  a  dais  higher  by  two  steps  than  the  rest  of  the  church, 
and  hung  with  crimson  curtains  surmounted,  before  the  Revolu- 
tion, by  the  royal  crown.  It  was  a  most  characteristic  relic,  the 
only  one  of  its  kind  in  America.  For  many  years  it  had  been 
let  by  the  Church;  but  it  being  now  desired  on  account  of  the 
demand  for  pews,  consequent  on  Mr.  Greenwood's  settlement,  to 
sell  the  pew,  it  was  found  impracticable  to  do  so  without  degrad- 
ing it  to  uniformit}''  with  its  neighbors.'^ 

look  upon  it  as  the  first  step  towards  our  1  Shortlvafter  Dr.Greenwood's  death, 

subjection  to  the  Pope  of  Rome.  his  own  bust  and  that  of  Dr.  Freeman 

"  It  is  trusted  that  the  influential  men  of  ^^^^6  placed  in  the  chancel, 
our   Society    witnessing  the   quarrels   which  2  The  indifference  to  antiquities  which 
have  divided  other  con^irecrations,  will  actively  .,                    -i   j   •      t.           u   \i      1   ....      ■ 
,    ,,    .    ,  ^    ,              :    '^     ,     '         .          ^  then  prevailed  is  shown  by  the  letter  in 
do  their  duty  by  opposing;  and  preventinjr  anv  ,-  ,      ,       tt          iTr-,i-          ,^    ,,-            1 
^^i,„,„^o   ,„i  -\.    ^       1          1  *i     u                 f  which   the    Hon.    William    Sullivan   de- 
schemes  which    may  hazard  the  harmony  of  . 

our  Church,  -  the   oldest   of   the   Unitarian  ^^''^^^  ^o  buy  the  Governor  s  pew  :  — 
sect  in    the   country,    and   whose   unvarvinc;  April  13,  1826. 

steadiness  is  a  pattern  to  all  Societies  of  all  "  I  suppose  there  may  be  differences   of 

sects."  opinion  as  to  the  expediency  of  demolishing 


472  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

In  the  early  years  of  Dr.  Greenwood's  ministry,  Boston  was 
just  ceasing  to  be  a  quiet  town,  with  its  still  peaceful  New  Eng- 
land Sunday,  and  growing  into  the  larger  and  more  restless  city 
life  which  we  have  known  in  recent  days.  This  change  could 
not  be  without  the  frequent  discomfort  and  the  occasional  grave 
protest  of  those  to  whom  the  old  way  was  the  dearer.  As  early 
as  1822,  this  protest  had  taken  form  in  united  Church  action,  of 
which  the  following  record  is  preserved :  — 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Deacons  and  Wardens  of  eighteen  of  the 
Churches  in  Boston  on  Monday  11"^  March,  1822  — 

This  meeting  having  taken  into  consideration  the  great  annoyance  which 
many  of  the  churches  in  this  City  experience  from  the  unlawful  driving 
of  carriages  with  rapidity  during  Divine  Service  on  the  Sabbath,  it  was 
therefore  Voted  to  refer  the  consideration  of  this  subject  to  the  several 
Societies,  and  to  recommend  to  them  to  adopt  measures  to  enforce  the 
Law  which  prohibits  unlawful  driving  on  the  Lord's  day,  so  that  this  evil 
may  be  effectually  prevented  in  future. 

Attest :  Peter  O.  Thacher,  Secretary. 

Again,  on  the  9th  of  August,  1824,  it  was  voted  by  the  Proprie- 
tors of  King's  Chapel  — 

that  the  Wardens  be  and  they  hereby  are  requested  to  prosecute  any 
person  who  shall  drive  any  Carriage  in  School  Street  or  Tremont  Street 
during  the  time  of  divine  service  on  the  Lord's  Day,  contrary  to  Law. 

And  again,  on  the  29th  of  May,  1828,  that  — 

Mr.  Davis  [be]  a  Committee  to  apply  to  the  Legislature  for  authority 
to  close  School  and  Common  [Tremont]  Streets,  both  or  either,  against 
the  passing  of  carriages  during  divine  Service,  on  Sundays. 

that  ancient  pew;  and  some  persons  may  con-  and  creep  into  it  during  the  drowsier  pass- 
sider  it  an  ornament.  No  such  reasons  oper-  a-es  of  the  afternoon  sermon;  but  the  flesh- 
ate  with  me.  The  reason  for  having  such  a  and-blood  personage  who  occupied  the  pew  in 
pew  has  been  gone  almost  half  a  century;  my  day  was,  so  to  speak,  as  good  a  governor 
and  I  do  not  perceive  why  any  individual  as  the  best  of  them.  He  was  the  son  of  a 
should  occupy  more  space  than  others  do  in  Massachusetts  governor,  too ;  and,  surely, 
the  republic  of  a  church."  there  could  be  no  better  ideal  of  those  royal 
^,  ,  ,^  -r  •  ,  /^  ■  nr  r-  qualities  which  should  characterize  the  ruler  of 
The  late  Hon.  Josiah  Qnincy  (H.  C.  ^  ^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  presented  in  the  Federal 
1821)  held  a  very  different  view.  He  j^^^j^^^  William  Sullivan.  How  that  pew  of 
said  :  —  royal  dignity  used  fairly  to  blossom  with  the 
"  It  is  a  great  pity  that  the  pew  of  the  large  and  lovely  family  of  which  he  was  the 
royal  governors  in  the  King's  Chapel  was  head  !  There  was  a  noble  poise  about  them 
removed,  in  order  that  two  plebeian  pews  all ;  and  then  they  were  so  handsome  that  it 
[Nos.  31  and  32]  might  be  constructed  upon  seemed  quite  proper  that  they  should  sit  a  foot 
its  ample  site.  I  used  greatly  to  value  this  or  two  nearer  heaven  than  the  rest  of  us." 
interesting  relic,  which  was  just  opposite  the  j^  .^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^  j^^p^  ^^^^  ^^^ 

pew   that    I   occupied    [No.    22].      It   stood  ,  4.     „j    u„,=.,ff,=.-  1^„ 

I     ,         ,        ^    ^.^,    •-  J  ,     .„  .  pew  may  yet  be  restored  hereafter  by 

handsomely  out,  with  ornamented  pillars   at  '  ^    ■'     .  .         ^  ,, 

the  corners.  ...  I   came   too   late  into  the  ^ome  generation  anxious  to  preserve  all 

world  to  see  a  royal  governor  enter  this  august  the  historical  links  which  bind  America 

pew;    though  the   ghosts   of   some   of   them  to  the  past, 
would  occasionally  seem  to  steal  up  the  aisle 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   F.  W.  P.    GREENWOOD.  473 

To  which  the  answer  was,  "leave  to  withdraw  his  petition." 
The  sequel  is  seen  in  the  consent  of  the  city  authorities  to  grant 
the  desired  relief,  as  appears  by  the  following  record:  — 

CITY   OF    BOSTON. 
In  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  June  23"'  1828. 

Memorial  of  the  Wardens  and  Vestry  of  King's  Chapel  praying  that 
they  may  have  liberty  to  place  temporary  bars  in  School  street,  and 
Common  street,  near  to  the  Church,  which  shall  extend  from  one  side 
walk  almost  over  to  the  other,  leaving  sufficient  space  for  a  carriage  to 
pass  at  a  moderate  foot-pace.  These  bars  to  rest  at  each  end  on  a 
crutch,  or  a  machine  like  a  wood-sawyer's  horse,  to  be  forthwith  removed 
by  the  sexton  when  Divine  service  shall  be  ended. 

Read,  and  the  prayer  thereof  granted. 

And  on  the  i8th  of  the  ensuing  December  we  find  the  Church 
Treasurer  — 

authorized  to  pay  the  Constable's  bill  for  services  in  attending  the  front 
of  the  church  on  Sundays  during  the  past  summer  for  the  purpose  of 
enforcing  the  law  against  fest  driving  of  horses  in  the  time  of  Divine 
service. 

The  subjoined  correspondence  is  of  historic  interest,  as  show- 
ing the  grounds  on  which  the  Wardens  of  this  Chapel  declined 
to  open  its  doors  to  the  discussion  of  the  secular  questions  of 

the  day :  — 

Boston,  April  20,  1S37. 

Gentlemen^  —  The  New  England  Anti-Slavery  Convention  will  be  held 
in  this  city  on  the  30th  of  May  next. 

Judge  Jay  and  Gerritt  Smith  of  New  York,  Hon.  J.  G.  Birney  of 
Ohio,  and  other  eminent  men  have  been  invited  and  are  expected  to  be 
present,  and  we  have  reason  to  believe  that  the  Convention  will  be  numer- 
ously attended  from  all  parts  of  New  England.  We  are  anxious,  therefore, 
to  procure  for  their  accommodation  a  large  and  convenient  room. 

Will  you  permit  us  to  occupy  the  King's  Chapel  on  that  occasion,  on 
the  same  conditions  as  you  prescribe  to  other  benevolent  associations  ? 
Respectfully  yours,  Francis  Jackson. 

Ellis  Gray  Loring. 
S.  E.  Sewall. 
Henry  Chapman. 
Wendell  Phillips. 
Edmund  Jackson. 
To  the  Wardens  ^  or  GeORGE  JaCKSON. 

the  Standing  Committee,  Henry  G.  ChapMAN. 

King's  Chapel. 

1  P'rancis  Johonnot  Oliver  and  William  Minot. 


474  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Boston,  i  May,  1837. 

Gentlemen,  —  Absence  from  town  has  prevented  my  replying  earlier 
to  your  communication  of  20th  ult.  requesting  the  use  of  King's  Chapel 
for  the  purpose  of  holding  a  meeting  of  the  New  England  Anti-Slavery 
Convention  therein,  on  the  30th  inst. 

For  many  years  past  the  Vestry  have  declined  granting  the  use  of  the 
Chapel  for  public  purposes  other  than  the  usual  Sunday  exercises,  and 
must  therefore  decline  acceding  to  your  request. 

Respectfully, 

Your  obedient  servants/ 

As  a  fit  close  to  this  chapter,  we  add  a  few  memorial  notices 
of  men  prominently  connected  with  the  history  of  King's  Chapel 
in  the  later  years  of  Dr.  Freeman's,  or  during  Dr.  Greenwood's, 
ministry. 

The  last  Memorial  Tablet  placed  upon  our  walls  is  in  memory 
of  one  who  filled  honorably  and  well  his  place  in  the  commer- 
cial world,  and  who  served  the  Parish  as  a  Vestryman  from  1796 
till  his  death,  which  occurred  in  January,  181 7.  The  beautiful 
bronze  bears  this  inscription :  — 

IN    MEMORY    OF 

KIRK  BOOTT2 

BORN    IN    DERBY    ENGLAND     1750 
DIED    IN    BOSTON    NEW-ENGLAND    1817 

OF  MARY  HIS  WIFE 

AND    OF    THOSE    MEMBERS    OF    HIS    FAMILY 

WHO    HAVE    WORSHIPED    IN    THIS    CHVRCH 

THIS   TABLET    IS    PLACED    HERE 

BY    HIS    GRANDSON 

FRANCIS  BROOKS 

MDCCCLXXXIX 

1  We  copy  from  the  unsigned  origi-  as  a  "Merchant  from  London,"  was 
nal  draft  of  this  letter  preserved  in  the  naturah"zed  the  same  day.  He,  too,  was 
Church  files.  a  Vestryman  of  this  Church,  1812-1813, 

2  Mr  Boott  was  naturalized  by  the  aud  died  May  10,  1844,  on  the  sixtieth 
Legislature,  Nov.  16,  1787.  His  man-  anniversary  of  his  landing  in  Boston, 
sion-house  in  Bowdoin  Square  occupied  His  residence  in  Pearl  Street  was  after- 
the  site  of  the  Revere  House.  His  son  wards  tran.sformed  into  the  "  Pearl  Street 
of  the  same  name,  also  a  member  of  this  House."  These  gentlemen  constituted 
Church,  was  prominently  identified  with  the  noted  firm  of  Boott  and  Pratt,  mer- 
Nathan  Appleton  and  Patrick  T.  Jack-  chants,  importers  of  dry  goods.  See 
son  in  founding  the  city  of  Lowell.  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings^  iv.  361 
William  Pratt,  described,  like  Mr.  Boott,  and  note  ;  v.  268-271. 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    F.    W.    P.  GREENWOOD.  475 

The  following  is  taken  from  an  obituary  discourse  occasioned 
by  the  death  of  Joseph  Coolidge/  an  eminent  Boston  mer- 
chant and  a  Vestryman  from  1786  till  1820,  who  was  born  July 
27,  1747,  and  died  October  6,  1820:^  — 

The  character  which  I  liave  thus  exhibited  to  your  view  is  a  portrait 
of  our  deceased  friend.  He  was  eminendy  a  just  man.  The  largest 
portion  of  his  life  was  devoted  to  the  pursuits  of  commerce,  in  which  he 
was  actively  and  profitably  engaged ;  and  one  great  source  of  his  profits 
was  the  habit  of  appearing  at  his  place  of  business  at  an  early  hour  in  the 
morning,  whilst  others  were  still  immersed  in  sleep.  In  a  town  where 
the  character  of  a  fair  and  honorable  merchant  is  with  justice  so  highly 
prized,  he  attained  a  reputation  among  the  first.  His  punctuality  and 
strict  integrity  are  still  remembered  by  all  who  ever  did  business  with 
him. 

Having  retired  from  the  more  active  scenes  of  business,  the  latter  part 
of  his  life  was  chiefly  employed  in  the  care  of  his  estate,  in  visits  to  the 
most  interesdng  parts  of  our  country,  in  attention  and  kindness  to  his 
family  and  friends,  in  promoting  works  of  publick  utility,  to  which  he  was 
always  a  liberal  contributor,  and  in  deeds  of  charity. 

The  discreet  economy  with  which  he  conducted  himself  enabled  him 
to  be  thus  liberal  without  impairing  his  property.  He  was  industrious 
and  prudent  in  the  former  part  of  life,  and  at  every  period  moderate  in 
his  own  expenses.  In  his  dress,  manners,  and  habits  in  general  he  was 
simple  and  plain.  The  wealth  which  so  many  others  heedlessly  waste  in 
extravagance  and  dissipation,  he  devoted  to  better  purposes. 

The  relative  duties  of  life  he  discharged  with  affection.  He  loved 
his  family  and  friends  ;  and  they  loved  him.  Where  the  character  of  a 
good  man  is  peculiarly  displayed,  there  did  he  shine,  —  in  the  situations 
of  a  son,  a  husband,  a  father,  and  a  brother. 

His  manners  were  cheerful  and  open ;  in  speech  he  was  cautious, 
never  suffering  a  word  of  censure  or  slander  to  escape  from  his  lips  ;  in 

1  His  son  of  the  same  name  was  also  (Pro v.  x.  7).  It  was  printed  {pp.  51-6S) 
prominently  identified  with  this  Church,  in  a  pamphlet,  which  also  contains  two 
of  which  he  was  a  Vestryman  from  1S02  sermons  commemorative  of  Madam 
till  1S34.  He  died  Nov.  19,  1840,  and  Bulfinch,  and  one  occasioned  by  the 
was  buried  in  one  of  the  tombs  under  death  of  Rev.  Samuel  Gary,  with  obit- 
the  Chapel.  A  Memoir  of  him  is  in  the  uary  notices.  The  title  of  the  pamphlet 
Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings  for  April,  is  "  Funera!  Sermons  preached  at  King's 
1841,11.209,210.  ZT/J  son  —  the  fourth  Chapel,  Boston.  By  James  Freeman 
Joseph— also  a  Vesiryman  (1830-1833,  and  Samuel  Cary."  Boston,  1S20. 
1848-1853),  married  a  granddaughter  "  He  was  for  many  years  a  Director 
of  President  Jefferson,  who  gave  to  him  of  the  former  United  States  Branch  Bank 
the  desk  on  which  the  Declaration  of  and  Massachusetts  Bank,  one  of  the  first 
Independence  was  written.  He  died  and  most  active  Directors  of  the  Middle- 
Dec.  14,  1879.  His  descendants  are  sex  Canal  Corporation,  and  until  the  time 
still  members  of  this  Church.  of  his  death,  a  Trustee  of  the  Humane 

-  The  text  of  the  discourse  cited  is.  Society."  —  Colombian  Cetitinei,  Oct.  14, 

"The   memory   of  the  just    is  blessed"  1820. 


476 


ANNALS   OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


his  temper  he  was  placable ;  and  I  have  never  known  a  man  who  was 
more  ready  to  overlook  an  affront  and  to  forgive  an  injury. 

In  his  religion  he  was  without  ostentation  ;  but  we  have  reason  to 
believe  that  his  benevolence  and  other  virtues  flowed  from  the  best 
source,  — the  fear  and  love  of  God.  He  was  a  Christian,  and  he  thought 
it  his  duty  to  make  an  open  profession  of  the  religion  of  the  gospel.  Of 
the  Church  to  which  he  belonged  he  was  a  beneficent  member,  and 
zealous  in  promoting  its  interest.  But  however  great  his  zeal  might  be,  it 
was  exceeded  by  his  candour.  Mild  and  kind,  he  always  treated  other 
denominations  of  Christians  with  respect :  there  was  no  prejudice  and 
bigotry  in  his  heart ;  and  he  would  not  vindicate  even  what  he  deemed 
important  with  heat  and  bitterness. 

The  reward  of  his  industry,  prudence,  and  benevolence  was  a  life  of 
distinguished  prosperity,  and,  above  all,  a  cheerful  temper.  He  passed 
through  the  world  pleasantly,  blessing  others  and  blessed  himself. 


The  following  account  of  Hon.  CHRISTOPHER  GoRE — Gov- 
ernor of  Massachusetts  in  1809-1810,  and  a  Vestry^man  of  King's 

Chapel  from  1804  till 
1826 — is  taken  chiefly 
from  a  memorial  dis- 
course preached  by  Mr. 
Greenwood,  March  11, 
1827,  which  is  accom- 
panied by  notes  of  much  historic  interest  "  furnished  by  a 
friend  who  was  intimately  acquainted  with  Mr.  Gore's  char- 
acter,"^—  the  Hon.  John  Lowell. 

Christopher  Gore  was  born  in  Boston,  in  the  year  1758.  His  father^ 
was  a  highly  respectable  mechanic,  who  by  a  course  of  honest  and  skil- 
ful industry  had  acquired  a  large  property.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the 
troubles  between  this  and  the  mother  country,  he  went  to  Halifax,  as  he 
was  favorably  disposed  toward  the  government  under  which  he  had 
always  lived.  But  he  afterwards  returned  to  Boston,  and  died  here  in 
the  year  1795.^ 


1  For  genealogical  notices  see  Whit- 
more's  "  Payne  and  Gore  Families  "  in 
Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings  for  Janu- 
ary, 1875,  '^iii-  4°5  ^^  ^^1-  ^  heliotype 
portrait  is  to  be  found  in  the  Proceed- 
ino-s  of  the  same  Society  (i.  39S),  of 
which  Governor  Gore  was  second  presi- 
dent (1806-1818),  succeeding  Governor 
Sullivan.  We  have  availed  ourselves  of 
a  copy  of  the  memorial  discourse  (of 
which  500  copies  were  privately  printed 
for  Mrs.  Gore),  with  manuscript  annota- 


tions by  Mr.  Greenwood  and  Hon.  John 
Lowell. 

'-  John  Gore  was  a  painter.  He  mar- 
ried Frances,  daughter  of  John  Pinckney, 
May  5,  1743,  by  wfiom  he  had  a  large 
family,  of  which  Christopher  was  the 
youngest  son. 

3  This  date  is  erroneous,  as  will  be 
seen  by  the  following  notice  copied  from 
the  Columbian  Centinel  oi  Saturday,  Jan. 
16,  1796:  "In  this  town,  John  Gore, 
Esq.,  Aet.  77. —  His   funeral  will   pro- 


^niTrrn/if  />/   .]//'.s:\//r////.\/'//s  /.S'l'.'K 


IH.nanieis.l'r.  lin.sKn,. 


THE    MINISTRY  OF   F.   W.    P.  GREENWOOD.  477 

The  son  received  his  early  instruction  at  the  public  schools  of  this 
town.  He  then  entered  Harvard  University,  and  was  graduated  there  in 
1776,  at  the  early  age  of  seventeen.^  Soon  afterwards  he  commenced 
the  study  of  law  with  the  late  Judge  Lowell,  and  continued  with  him 
through  his  whole  period  of  study,  both  as  a  pupil  and  a  member  of  his 
family.  This  was  a  situation  combining  moral  and  intellectual  advantages 
such  as  are  rarely  offered  to  any  young  man,  and  Mr.  Gore  was  able  to 
appreciate  and  improve  them.  When  he  entered  on  the  practice  of  his 
profession  he  came  to  it,  not  only  with  a  mind  prepared  by  a  judicious 
course  of  study,  but  with  the  enviable  recommendation  of  an  uncorrupted 
youth.  He  rose  rapidly  in  public  esteem  as  a  sound  lawyer,  as  a  politician, 
in  the  most  generous  sense  of  that  word,  as  a  true  patriot,  and  as  an  honest 
man.  He  stood  among  the  first  at  the  bar,  where  his  practice  was  exten- 
sive and  lucrative.^  His  fellow-citizens  manifested  the  regard  in  which 
they  held  him,  and  the  confidence  which  they  placed  in  him,  by  sending 
him,  with  John  Hancock  and  Samuel  Adams,  to  the  Convention  of  this 
State  which  considered  the  adoption  of  the  national  Constitution.  This 
was  before  he  had  attained  the  age  of  thirty. 

In  1789,  Mr.  Gore  was  appointed  by  President  Washington  United 
States  Attorney  for  the  District  of  Massachusetts.  He  was  the  first  person 
who  held  the  office  ;  and  coming  to  it  in  times  of  great  trouble  and  dis- 
traction, he  had  many  serious  difficulties  to  encounter  in  discharging  its 
duties.  But  he  encountered  them  with  the  manly  intrepidity  and  unbend- 
ing rectitude  for  which  he  was  always  remarkable,  and  so  he  overcame 
them  ;  and  it  was  probably  his  conduct  in  this  critical  situation  which 
obtained  for  him  the  appointment  from  the  Chief  Magistrate  to  be  one 
of  the  commissioners,  under  the  fourth  article  of  Jay's  treaty,  to  settle  our 
claims  for  spoliations.  The  appointment  was  made  in  1796,  and  Mr. 
Gore's  colleague  was  the  late  celebrated  William  Pinkney. 

While  in  England  Mr.  Gore  secured  by  his  gentlemanly  deportment 
and  amiable  qualities  the  respect  and  attachment  of  all  who  became 
known  to  him,  —  at  the  same  time  that,  by  his  assiduous  attention  to  busi- 
ness, his  profound  knowledge  of  commercial  law,  his  labored  arguments, 
and  his  personal  influence,  he  recovered  sums  to  a  vast  amount  for 
citizens  of  the  United  States.'^     He  remained  abroad  in  the  public  service 

ceed   from   the  house  of  Mr.  Jonathan  ^  "  Mr.    Gore's    and    Mr.    Tinkney's 

Hunnewell,  in  South  Street,  on  Monday  great  exertions  during  this  commission, 

next,  at  half-past  4  o'clock  p.  m.,  which  which  lasted  nearly  eight  years,  are  well 

the  friends  of  the  deceased  are  requested  known  ;  but  it  is  not  so  generally  under- 

to  attend."     Mr.  Gore's  estate  went  into  stood   that    to   Mr.  Gore    one  large  de- 

the  Suffolk  Probate  Court  Jan.  19,  1796.  scription    of    sufferers    are    principally 

1  Harvard  College  gave  him  the  de-  indebted  for  the  recovery  of  their  claims. 
gree  of  LL.D.  in  1809.  He  was  subse-  Mr.  Pinkney  .  .  .  had  great  doubts  as  to 
quently  (1812-1S20)  a  member  of  the  that  class  of  cajJtures  which  were  made 
Corporation.  under  the  rule  of  1756.    Mr.  Gore  made  a 

2  Governor  Gore  was  for  a  time  very  elaborate  and  powerful  argument  in 
the  legal  tutor  and  adviser  of  Daniel  favor  of  these  claims,  ...  and  by  his  ])er- 
Webster.  severance  and  exertions  many  hundred 


478  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL, 

till  1804.  When  his  friend  Mr.  Rufus  King/  then  our  Minister  at  the 
Court  of  London,  returned  to  this  country  in  1803,  he  left  Mr.  Gore 
there  as  Charge  d^ Affaires,  in  which  station,  it  is  unnecessary  to  say, 
he  bore  himself  honorably  and  ably.  He  was  welcomed  home  by  the 
strongest  marks  of  pubhc  favor.  He  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  our 
State  from  the  county  of  Suffolk  two  successive  years,  and  the  next 
year  to  the  House  of  Representatives  from  this  town.  In  1809  he 
was  chosen  Governor  of  the  State. 

It  is  well  known  by  those  who  remember  that  turbid  time,  that  if  a 
man's  character  was  ever  thoroughly  sifted  and  scrutinized,  it  was  when 
he  consented  to  appear  as  a  candidate  for  the  office  of  governor ;  and 
if  a  spot  was  to  be  discovered  in  it,  it  would  most  probably  be  dis- 
covered then.  It  would  be  highly  improper  for  me  to  enter  mto  any  of 
the  political  questions  which  were  so  warmly  agitated  at  that  period ; 
nor  am  I  inclined  to  do  so.  But  I  hold  it  to  be  my  duty  to  say,  that, 
notwithstanding  all  the  zeal  and  activity  of  Mr.  Gore's  opponents  in 
searching  into  his  life,  and  amidst  all  the  abuse  which  was  the  habit  of 
the  day,  not  one  charge  of  moral  delinquency  was  sustained  against  him, 
or  even  pretended.  This  fact  is  of  itself  a  eulogy.  The  whole  amount 
of  the  accusations  against  him  was  that  his  father  was  a  royalist,  and 
that  he  was  himself  tinctured  with  the  same  partialities.  The  simple 
truth  is,  that,  though  the  father  was  a  royalist,  he  was  a  good  man  and 
had  a  right  to  his  opinions ;  and  that  the  son  was  at  the  first,  and  always 
continued  to  be,  in  principle,  in  feeling,  and  in  practice,  a  patriot  and  a 
republican. 

Mr.  Gore  was  Governor  of  Massachusetts  but  one  year.  At  the  next 
annual  election  the  political  sentiments  of  the  majority  of  the  people  had 
changed,  and  the  opposing  candidate,  Mr  Elbridge  Gerry,  was  chosen  to 
succeed  him.  In  1814  Mr.  Gore  was  again  brought  into  pubhc  life,  by 
being  appointed  by  Governor  Strong,  during  a  recess,  Senator  to  Congress, 
and  afterwards  chosen  to  the  same  office  by  the  Legislature  at  their 
meeting.  He  served  in  this  capacity  about  three  years,  and  then  with- 
drew into  final  retirement. 

Mr.  Gore's  mind  was  clear,  acute,  and  discriminating.  It  was  of  a 
steady  and  decided  cast,  and  yet  liberal,  unprejudiced,  and  open  to  con- 
viction. He  had  cultivated  it  with  assiduity  and  care.  He  kept  himself 
familiarly  acquainted  with  the  literature  of  the  day,  and  was  an  excellent 
classical  scholar.  He  has  left  nothing  as  the  fruit  of  his  studies  and  his 
pen  but  a  few  political  essays  in  the  daily  papers,  and  some  unpublished 
legal  opinions  and  arguments.      These  are  distinguished,  I  am  told,  by 

thousand  dollars   were   secured   to  the  Harrison   Gray  Otis   delivered,  in    the 

citizens  of  the   United    States."  —  Note  presence   of    a   crowded    assembly,    his 

by  Hon.  John  Lowell.  eulogy  on  Alexander  Hamilton.      Wil- 

1  It  is  interesting  in  this  connection  liam  Sullivan's  Familiar  Letters  on  Pub- 

to  note  the  fact  that  Mr.  King  was  pres-  lie  Characters,  p.  246. 
ent  in  King's  Chapel  July  26, 1804,  when 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    F.  W.   P.   GREENWOOD.  479 

justness  of  thought  and  entire  purity  of  style.  His  manners  were  of  the 
best  class  of  that  school  generally  termed  the  old  school.  They  were 
those  of  a  true  and  a  finished  gentleman,  —  dignified  without  pride, 
elegant  without  pretension,  and  courtly  without  dissimulation  or  hollow- 
ness  ;  in  short,  the  internal  grace  and  polish  externally  manifested.  The 
effect  of  such  manners  was  assisted  and  completed  by  the  gift  of  uncom- 
mon personal  beauty.-' 

I  have  said  that  in  his  youth  Mr.  Gore  was  virtuous  and  uncorrupted ; 
he  was  so  in  manhood,  he  was  so  in  age.  He  lived  not  for  himself.  By 
kindness,  cheerfulness,  and  charity  he  diffused  happiness  around  him. 
He  was  remarkably  accessible  and  attentive  to  young  men,  discerning 
talent  and  merit,  and  helping  them  forward. 

Mr.  Gore's  connexion  with  our  religious  society  was  of  the  most  inter- 
esting and  beneficial  nature.  He  joined  it  not  long  after  the  ordination 
of  [Dr.  Freeman],  and  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  our  Vestry.  It 
was  an  encouraging  circumstance  for  us  that  at  a  time  when  our  Church 
was  the  only  avowed  Unitarian  church  in  the  country,  two  such  men  as 
Mr.  Gore  and  his  friend  the  late  Judge  Minot,  young  lawyers  of  standing 
and  respectability,  should  have  united  themselves  with  us  ;  and  it  was 
an  honorable  circumstance  for  them,  that,  disregarding  the  unfavorable 
effect  which  the  declaration  of  their  sentiments  might  have  on  their 
worldly  prospects,  they  nevertheless  openly  attached  themselves  to  an 
excommunicated  church,  and  fearlessly  espoused  the  cause  of  Unitarian 
Christianity. 

During  the  last  years  of  his  life,  Mr.  Gore  was  a  martyr  to  an  ex- 
cruciating disorder  [acute  rheumatism],  which  seized  violently  on  his 
constitution,  and  defied  all  remedy,  —  and  like  a  martyr  he  endured 
his  sufferings.  Faithful,  cheerful,  and  grateful  to  the  end,  he  gave  up  his 
mortal  breath  on  the  first  of  March,  1827,  in  the  69th  year  of  his  age.^ 

1  "  Mr.  Gore  was  rather  tall,  and  in  numbered  13  on  Cambridge  Street,  is 
middle  age  of  full  person  and  erect,  but  just  west  of  Moss  Place.  It  has  been 
began  to  bend  forward  at  an  earlier  age  often  stated  in  print  —  even  in  the 
than  common.  He  was  bald  on  the  whole  contemporary  obituary  notice  in  the  Co- 
upper  surface  of  his  head  at  an  unusually  lumbian  Centinel  of  March  3  —  that 
early  period.  His  hair  was  tied  behind,  Governor  Gore  died  in  Waltham,  where 
and  dressed  with  powder.  His  face  was  he  resided  for  a  part  of  several  years  ; 
round  and  florid,  his  eyes  black,  his  and  the  Boston  Town  Records  errone- 
manners  courteous  and  amiable.  His  ously  give  the  date  of  his  death  as  Feb- 
eloquence  was  dignified  and  impressive,  ruary  28.  Shortly  after  the  Governor's 
In  all  his  relations  and  deportment  he  decease,  the  President  and  Fellows  of 
had  the  bearing  of  a  polished  and  well-  Harvard  College  brought  a  suit  in  the 
bred  gentleman.  With  his  intimates  he  Supreme  Court  against  his  executrix, 
was  free  and  social,  and  had  and  deserved  The  case,  which  turned  upon  the  ques- 
to  have  many  affectionate  friends." —  tion  of  the  testator's  domicile,  is  re- 
William  Sullivan's  Familiar  Letters  on  ported  in  5  Pickering,  370,  and  contains 
Public  Characters,  p.  370.  See  also  Ibid,  an  interesting  summary  of  facts  which 
^.  Tfiz  et  seq.  sustains  the  statements   here   made. — 

^  [He   died  at   his   winter   house   in  Editor.] 
Cambridge    Street,  Boston,  on  the   day  He  married  (1783)    Rebecca    Payne, 

named   in   the   text.     The    estate,  now  who  at  her  death  bequeathed  the  sum 


48o  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Aaron  Dexter  was  the  son  of  Richard  and  Rebecca  (Pea- 
body)  Dexter.  He  was  born  at  Maiden  Nov.  ii,  1750,  and  died 
in  Cambridge,  Feb.  28,  1829,  having  been  a  member  of  the  Ves- 
try from  1796  till  1826.  We  copy  here  from  a  Memoir  of  Dr. 
Dexter  by  Mr.  Charles  C.  Smith  :^  — 

His  earliest  American  ancestor  was  Richard  Dexter,  admitted  a  towns- 
man of  Boston  in  1642,  whose  estate  in  Charlestown,  on  Mystic  side, 

descended  through  five  generations. 


^c 


-^  f~^^  p /y~/y/y/y     The  Honorable  Samuel  Dexter,  of 

"^  Dedham,  a  Senator  from  Massachu- 

setts in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  Secretary  of  War  and  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  in  the  administradon  of  John  Adams,  was  from  the  same 
stock.  Aaron  Dexter  entered  Harvard  College,  where  he  graduated  in 
I  776.  After  leaving  College,  he  studied  medicine,  and  during  the  Revo- 
lution made  several  voyages  as  ship's  surgeon.  In  one  of  these  he  was 
captured  by  the  British  and  carried  into  Halifax,  suffering  great  hard- 
ships while  a  prisoner,  but  was  finally  exchanged  ;  and,  near  the  close  of 
the  war,  he  established  himself  as  a  physician  in  Boston,  where  he  soon 
gained  a  distinguished  rank  in  his  profession.  In  1783  he  was  appointed 
Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Materia  Medica  in  Harvard  College,  which 
office  he  held  until  1S16,  when  he  resigned,  and  the  duties  of  the  pro- 
fessorship were  divided.  In  1787  he  was  married  to  Rebecca,  daughter 
of  Thomas  Amory,  of  Boston.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Historical 
Society,  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  the  Agricultural 
Society,  and  the  Humane  Society,  and  for  many  years  an  officer  of  the 
Massachusetts  Medical  Society.  He  was,  besides,  one  of  the  early  advo- 
cates for  the  construction  of  the  Middlesex  Canal  and  Craigie's  Bridge, 
and  President  of  the  Canal  Corporation.  At  the  time  of  Shays's  rebellion 
he  was  an  active  supporter  of  the  government,  and  went  on  the  winter 
campaign  which  crushed  that  insurrection.  He  had  an  inherited  taste  for 
agriculture,  and  owned  an  extensive  farm  in  Chelsea,  which  was  afterwards 
sold  to  the  United  States  for  the  erecdon  of  a  Marine  Hospital.  His 
social  habits  are  shown  by  his  connection  with  the  Wednesday  Evening 
Club,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  eariiest  members,  and  with  the  Anthol- 
ogy Club,  to  whose  active  interest  in  literature  the  foundation  of  the 
Boston  Athensum  and  the  establishment  of  the  "  North  American  Re- 
view "  are  traced.  He  was  honored  alike  as  a  chemist,  a  physician,  and 
a  citizen.  His  only  known  publications  are  two  papers  contributed  by 
him  to  the  transactions  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society. - 

of  $500  for  the  benefit  of  the  poor  of  vested    (1838)    in    the    present    Library 

this  Society.     Among  Governor  Gore's  building,  Gore  Hall. 

bequests   were   $1000  to  the  American  '  Mass.    Hist.     Soc.    Proceedings    for 

Academy,  and  $2000  to  the  Mass.  Histo-  April,  1829,  i.  421-423. 

rical  Society,  besides  the  munificent  sum  -  Dr.  Dexter's  residence  was  in  Milk 

of  $100,000  to  Harvard  University,  in-  Street,  opposite   the   lower   end   of  the 


THE   MIxNISTRY   OF    F.   W.   P.   GREENWOOD.  481 

The  life  of  Hon.  William  Sullivan  (1774-1839)  is  also  a  part 
of  the  history  of  King's  Chapel,  of  which  he  was  a  Vestryman 
from  1810  till  1838.  We  gather  a  few  facts  of  his  eminent 
career  chiefly  from  a  Memoir  by  Thomas  C.  Amory,  Esq.^ 

He  was  the  second  son  of  Gov.  James  Sullivan  (i  744-1808),  who 
after  his  appointment  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts,  in  March, 
1776,  removed  to  Groton  ;  and  thence,  in  1781,  to  Boston,  where,  re- 
signing his  seat  on  the  bench,  he  again  took  up  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  The  son  graduated  from  Harvard  College,  with  the  highest 
honors,  in  1792  ;  studied  law  in  his  father's  office,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1795.  "Of  an  ardent  temperament,  sound  sense,  and  inde- 
fatigable industry,  he  easily  took  a  respectable  position  at  the  bar  of 
Suffolk,  then  comparing  favorably  with  any  other  in  the  land  for  ability, 
eloquence,  and  learning."  Of  distinguished  personal  and  social  qualities, 
fond  of  society,  with  quick  wit  and  ready  sympathy,  he  was  yet  emi- 
nendy  faithful  to  his  professional  duties;  "and  his  ability,  good  judg- 
ment, and  integrity  of  character  inspiring  confidence,  he  gained  many 
friends."  As  an  advocate  he  was  prudent,  eloquent,  and  persuasive, — ■ 
"  perhaps  a  little  too  far  removed  from  ostentation  for  the  highest  suc- 
cess." In  the  political  struggles  of  the  early  years  of  this  century,  his 
sympathies  were  with  the  Federalists  and  against  the  Jeffersonian  party, 
of  which  his  father  was  the  leader  in  Massachusetts,  but  with  a  temper 
"too  well  regulated  to  indulge  in  personal  asperities."  At  one  time  he 
seemed  likely  to  reach  the  highest  political  distinction,  but  was  drawn 
back  to  private  life  in  182 1,  when  already  Speaker  of  the  Massachusetts 
House  of  Representatives,  with  a  prospect  of  being  made  Governor. 
"  Obligations  of  a  private  and  professional  nature  compelled  him  to  resign 
the  chair  at  a  moment  when  universally  popular."  His  social  position 
and  family  connections  made  his  life  at  this  period  one  of  singular  charm  : 
"  certainly  there  never  was  a  pleasanter  home,  a  more  accomplished  host, 
one  more  ready  or  able  to  assume  the  whole  responsibility  for  the  happi- 
ness of  the  hour,  or  to  put  his  guests  at  their  ease,  and  bring  out  what 
was  most  agreeable  in  each."  A  ready  and  voluminous  writer,  he  is  per- 
haps best  known  by  his  "  Political  Class  Book"  (1831),  "  Moral  Class 
Book"  (1833),  "Historical  Class  Book"  (of  the  same  year),  and  a  series 
of  "Lectures  "  on  the  public  men  of  the  Revolution,  which  was  repub- 
lished eight  years  after  his  death.  Another  charming  volume  of  his,  too 
little  known  at  the  present  day,  is  entitled  "  Familiar  Letters  on  Public 
Characters  and  Public  Events  ;  from  the  Peace  of  1783  to  the  Peace  of 

rope-walks  that  were  burned  in  the  great  eluding  several  who  were  members  of  this 

fire  of  July  30,  1794.     (Sargent's   Deal-  Parish,  in  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings 

ings  7vith  the  Dead,  ii.  450.)  for  November,  1S63,  vii.  177-184. 

There  is  a  valuable  account  by  Dr.  1  Mass.   Hist.   Soc.    Proceedings   for 

Ephraim  Eliot  of  the  Physicians  of  Bos-  April,  1840,  ii.   150-160. 
ton  during  and  after  the  Revolution,  in-  See  ante  p.  471,  jiote. 

VOL.  II.  —  31 


482 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


1815.^  It  was  written  to  refute  the  aspersions  cast  upon  public  men, 
including  not  a  kw  in  Massachusetts,  contained  in  the  "  Memoir  and 
Writings  of  Thomas  Jefferson."  In  1837  "he  published  another  book, 
entitled  '  Sea  Life,'  for  the  benefit  of  mariners,  in  whose  welfare  he  always 
took  a  lively  interest,  and  to  whose  eloquent  preacher.  Father  Taylor, — 
who  pronounced  him,  when  he  died,  the  prince  of  gentlemen,  —  he  was 

an  attached  friend.  He  himself 
contributed  to  the  erection  of 
their  Bethel  to  the  extent  of  his 
power,  persuading  his  wealthier 
friends  to  larger  donations.  His 
published  works  were  principally 
designed  to  inculcate  sound  and 
sensible  views  of  religion,  moral- 
ity, philosophy,  and  cisil  obliga- 
tions." He  was,  also,  "  among 
the  most  zealous  in  the  cause  of 
t  mperance,"  at  a  time  when 
ethods  of  persuasion  were 
:emed  of  more  account  than 
I   jal  restraints. 

Mr.  Sullivan  received  from 
Harvard  College  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Laws  in  1826.  He 
received  also  the  honors  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sciences,  and  the  American 
Philosophical  Society,  of  the 
Historical  Societies  of  Massachusetts,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and 
Georgia,  and  of  other  learned  bodies. 

In  King's  Chapel,  which  he  attended,  and  where  he  was  a  constant 
communicant,  is  a  marble  monument  on  the  south  wall,  erected  to  his 
memory,  "  that  the  contemplation  of  his  virtues  may  be  lasting,"  by  his 
constant  friend,  George  B.  Emerson,  jointly  with  his  daughter,  Mrs. 
Oakey,  with  a  profile  likeness  in  high  relief  taken  from  a  portrait  painted 
by  his  son-in-law,  Stuart  Newton,  and  an  inscription,  given  below,  which 
describes  him  as  "  ingenuous,  benignant,  upright,  well  versed  in  affairs 
civil  and  military,  an  eminent  lawyer  and  eloquent  advocate,  an  intelli- 
gent and  diligent  observer  of  all  that  deserves  to  be  remembered  ; 
studious  of  whatever  can  make  mankind  more  noble,  more  highly  civil- 
ized, or  truly  happy ;  amiable,  dignified,  and  companionable,  and  never 
unmindful  of  the  most  humble  of  his  friends  or  guests." 

The  following  is  the  full  text  of  the  inscription  on  the  mural 
Monument:  — 

1  Boston,  1S34,  pp.  46S. 


HON.   WILLIAM   SULLIVAN. 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    F.   W.    P.  GREENWOOD. 


48: 


GULIELMO  •  SULLIVAN. 

JACOBI    •    MASSACHUSETTENSIUM    •    BIS   •    GUBERNATORIS    •    FILIO 

JOHANNIS   •    IN   •    BELLO   •    LIBERTATIS    •    VINDICE   •    DUCIS    •    NEPOTI 

VIRO   •    SOLERTI  •    BENIGNO   •    INTEGERRIMO 

SUMMA  •    DIGNITATE   •    ET  •    COMITATE   •    PR^DITO 


REBUS  •    ET  •    CIVILIBUS   •    ET   •    MILITARIBUS   •    CUM 
JURISCONSULTO   •    PR/ESTANTI   •    CAUSIDICO 
SCRIPTORI   •    JUCUNDO    •    SUBTILI 
IN   •    SERMONE   •    SUAVISSIMO 
OMNIUM   •    QUIBUS    •    HOMO 
NOBILIOR   •    HUMANIOR   •    ATQUE   •    BEATIOR   •    FIERI 
PERSTUDIOSO 


LAUDE   •    VERSATO 
FACUNDO 


POSSIT 


FILIA   •    AMANTISSIMA    •    ET   •    AMICUS    •    PR.ECIPUE   •    DEVINCTUS 

UT   •    CONTEMPLATIO    •    VIRTUTUM   •    PERMANEAT 

HOC   •    MARMOR    •    LUGENTES   •    POSUERUNT 


NATUS    •    XH    •    NOV   •    MDCC   •    LXX   •    IV 
EXCESSIT   •    III    •    SEPT   •    MDCCC   •    XXX   •    IX 

At  the  foot  of  the  Monument  are  the  arms  and  crest  of  the 
SulUvans  above  a  ribbon  bearing  the  motto,  LAMli  •  FOISDIN  • 
EACH  •  AN  •  UCECHTAR,!  and  the  letters  D.  O.  M. 

Col.  Joseph  May  (1760-1841)  "was  of  the  sixth  generation 
from  the  first  immigrant  of  the  name,  who  was  John  May,  of 
Mayfield,  Sussex,  England,"  who  emigrated  to  Plymouth,  Mass., 
in  1640,  at  the  age  of  fifty,  and  re- 
moved to  Roxbury  the  following 
year.^  The  family,  some  years 
before  the  Revolution,  had  be- 
come connected  with  Hollis  Street 
Church,  but,  displeased  by  the 
loyalist  sentiments  of  Dr.  Mather 
Byles,  joined  the  congregation  of 
the  Old  South,  and  so  became 
attendants  at  King's  Chapel,  where 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  con- 
tinued a  member  till  his  death, 
taking  an  active  part  in  the  changes  brought  about  in  1785  and 

1  This  Gaelic  motto  is  translated  by  follows:  (2)  John,  162S-1671  ("blind 
Burke,  "  What  we  gain  by  conquest  we  for  several  of  the  last  months  of  his 
secure  by  clemency."  life  ")  ;    (3)  John,  1663-1730,  a  deacon  of 

2  The   line  of  his  descendants  is  as  the    Roxbury    Church  ;    (4)     Ebenezer, 


MOLLIS    STREET   CHURCH. 


484  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

1787,  and  holding,  for  many  years,  the  office  of  Warden.  Upon 
his  retirement  from  office  the  following  action  was  taken  by  the 
Parish  at  the  Easter  meeting,  April  22,  1827:  — 

On  motion  of  William  Sullivan,  Esq.,  seconded  by  Mr.  Coolidge,  it  was 
Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  the  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel  be  presented 
to  Col.  Joseph  May  for  the  zeal,  fidelity,  and  punctuality  with  wJiich  for  a 
long  series  of  years  he  has  discharged  the  duties  of  Church  Warden,  for 
the  great  service  he  has  rendered  them  in  preserving  the  records  of  the 
Church  and  keeping  them  with  correctness,  and  for  the  devoted  interest 
which  he  has  at  all  times  manifested  in  its  concerns ;  and  that  the  best 
wishes  of  the  Proprietors  attend  him  on  the  present  resignation  of  his 
office. 

Two  years  later  the  Wardens  received  from  Colonel  May^ 
the  following  letter:  — 

19  April,  1829. 
To  F.  J.  Oliver  and  W.  Minot,  Esquires  : 

I  have  placed  upon  the  Communion  Table  Two  plates,  which  I 
wish  to  present  to  King's  Chapel  Church  for  the  Service  of  the  Com- 
munion, and  as  a  token  of  the  affection  and  gratitude  of  your  friend 
and  Christian  brother, 


We  copy  here  from  a  Memorial  Sermon  preached  by  Dr. 
Greenwood,  March  7,  1841,  and  from  a  pamphlet  Memoir^  by 
his  nephew,  Rev.  Samuel  May,  of  Leicester :  — 

"  Mr.  May  was  a  native  of  Boston,  where  he  spent  his  long  life,  and  was 
generally  known  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  city.  He  was  educated  as  a 
merchant,  but  for  more  than  forty  years  before  his  decease  he  was  Secretary 
of  a  public  Insurance  Company,  in  which  office  it  was  his  good  fortune  to  be 
associated  with  the  succession  of  men  greatly  distinguished  for  moral  and 
intellectual  endowments,  by  whom  he  was  highly  esteemed,  and  whose 
society  excited  and  improved  his  own  strong  mind.  Without  pretensions 
to  literary  distinction,  he  acquired  from  books  and  exact  observation  a 
great  store  of  knowledge  on  most  subjects  of  interest  and  utility  in  the 

1692-1752  ;      (5)     Samuel     (father      of  with  the   command  of  the  Independent 

Joseph),  1723-1794;    (6)  Joseph,  1760-  Corps   of   Cadets,   with   which   he   was 

1841,  and  Samuel,   1776-1870;    besides  connected  for  several  years, 

seven  daughters,  all  of  whom  were  mar-  -  Reprinted  from  the  New-Eng.  Hist. 

ried.  and  Gen.  Register  for  April,  1873,  xxvii. 

1  Colonel    May's   military    title  came  113-121. 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    F.  W.    P.   GREENWOOD.  485 

conduct  of  life.  A  retentive  memory  made  him  an  instructive  and 
amusing  chronicler  of  the  events  of  the  last  seventy  years  (for  he  rarely 
lost  a  fact  which  had  been  once  impressed  on  his  mind),  and  his  extensive 
acquaintance  with  contemporary  society  afforded  innumerable  illustrations 
of  the  character  of  the  eminent  men  of  that  period,  as  well  as  of  domestic 
occurrences.  .  .  . 

"To  the  interests  of  this  Church,  from  that  time  [17S7]  to  the  day 
of  his  death,  Mr.  May  was  always  a  steady  and  efficient  friend.  Its  rec- 
ords, since  the  Revolution,  bear  witness  to  his  services  on  almost  every 
page.  He  served  as  Junior  Warden  with  Dr.  Bulfinch,  in  1793  and 
1794;  in  1795  with  Mr.  Charles  Miller,  and  from  1798  to  1826,  a  term 
of  twenty-eight  years,  with  Mr.  Ebenezer  Oliver.  It  was  mainly  through 
his  persevering  applications  that  the  ancient  Records  and  Registers  ot" 
the  Chapel  were  obtained  from  the  heirs  of  Dr.  Caner,  in  England,  in 
the  year  1805;-^  and  his  high  estimation  of  the  value  of  such  docu- 
ments, and  particular  attention  to  their  preservation  and  regular  continu- 
ance, —  which  are  too  often  reckoned  as  trivial  matters,  and  unworthy 
the  regard  of  a  liberal  mind,  —  are  abundantly  justified  by  the  fact,  that, 
since  the  recovery  of  these  Records  and  Registers,  property  to  a  large 
amount  has  been  secured,  through  their  means  and  evidence,  to  the 
rightful  possessors.   .  .  . 

"  His  ideas  and  feelings  respecting  riches,  though  not  perhaps  peculiar, 
were  certainly  not  common.  He  regarded  the  gift  of  property  to  one's 
children  a  questionable  good.  He  has  often  said  that  he  knew  many 
promising  youth  who  were  stinted  in  their  intellectual  and  moral  growth 
by  the  expectation  of  an  inheritance  that  would  relieve  them  from  the 
necessity  of  labor.  Every  man,  he  would  add,  should  stand  upon  his  own 
feet,  rely  upon  his  own  resources,  know  how  to  take  care  of  himself, 
supply  his  own  wants ;  and  that  parent  does  his  child  no  good  who  takes 
from  him  the  inducement,  nay,  the  necessity  to  do  so.^ 

"  When  about  thirty-eight  years  of  age  he  was  stopped  in  the  midst  of 
a  very  profitable  business,  in  which  he  had  already  acquired  a  consider- 
able fortune,  by  the  result  of  an  ill-advised  speculation  [of  his  partner]. 
He  foresaw  that  he  must  fail,  and  at  once  gave  up  all  his  property,  '  even 
to  the  ring  on  his  finger,  for  the  benefit  of  his  creditors.'     The  suffering 

1  Colonel  May  noted  in  the  Registers  you  have  enjoyed.  If  you  have  been 
that  they  were  received  by  him  Oct.  25,  faithful,  you  must  now  be  possessed  of 
1S05,  from  Mr.  John  Gore,  merchant,  an  education  that  will  enable  you  to  go 
who  procured  them  from  the  heirs  of  anywhere,  stand  up  among  your  fellovv- 
Dr.  Caner.  men,  and,  by  serving  them  in  one  de- 

2  His  son,  the  late  Rev.  Samuel  J.  May,  partment  of  usefulness  or  another,  make 
of  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  wrote  of  him: —  yourself  worthy  of  a  comfortable  liveli- 

"  When  I  brought  to  him  my  last  Col-  hood,  if  no  more.     If  you  have  not  im- 

lege  bill  receipted,  he  folded   it  with  an  proved  your  advantages,  or  should  be 

emphatic  pressure  of  his  hand,  saying  as  hereafter  slothful,   I   thank  God  that  I 

he  did  it :  '  My  son,  I  am  rejoiced  that  you  have  not  property  to  leave  you  that  will 

have   gotten    through,   and  that  I  have  hold  you  up  in  a  place  among  men  where 

been  able  to  afford  you  the  advantages  you  will  not  deserve  to  stand.'" 


486  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

which  this  disaster  caused  revealed  to  him  that  he  had  become  more 
eager  for  property,  and  had  allowed  himself  to  regard  its  possession  more 
highly,  than  was  creditable  to  his  understanding  or  good  for  his  heart. 
After  some  days  of  deep  depression,  he  formed  the  resolution  never  to  be 
a  rich  man,  but  to  withstand  all  temptations  to  engage  again  in  the  pursuit 
of  wealth.  He  adhered  to  this  determination,  and  resolutely  refused 
several  very  advantageous  offers  of  partnership  in  lucrative  concerns." 

"  He  was,"  says  Rev.  Samuel  May,  "  the  first  and  only  Secretary  of  the 
Boston  Marine  Insurance  Company,  which  was  chartered  Feb.  13,  1799. 
The  salary  never  exceeded  fifteen  hundred  dollars,  and  at  times  was  less  ; 
but  the  position  and  income  alike  comported  with  the  new  resolutions  he 
had  formed,  and  with  his  now  fixed  ideas  concerning  the  uses  of  life  ;  and 
he  held  the  office,  busily  and  contentedly,  until  January,  1838,  at  which 
time  age  compelled  him  to  leave  it,  and  the  Company  was  dissolved. 
[See  ante^  p.  383,  note.\  Undoubtedly  one  reason  for  his  seeking  this 
office  was  that  it  would  usually  give  him  the  afternoon  of  the  day  for  those 
other  objects  in  which  he  was  interested,  and  which  came  to  absorb  more 
and  more  of  his  attention.  He  aided  to  establish  the  Massachusetts  Gen- 
eral Hospital  and  the  Asylum  for  the  insane,  and  was  one  of  the  Trustees 
from  1813  to  1826.  But  he  gave  more  time  to  cases  of  private  need,  to 
families  overtaken  by  misfortune  or  suffering  from  improvidence." 

"  He  never,"  observes  his  son,  "  seemed  to  feel  displeased  when  asked 
to  relieve  the  necessities  of  his  fellow-beings,  and  therefore  never  hastily 
dismissed  their  claims,  but  carefully  considered  them,  that  he  might  give 
substantial  and  permanent  aid.  I  cannot  remember  the  time  when  he 
was  not  planning  for  the  benefit  of  several  poor  or  afflicted  persons.  The 
last  few  years  of  his  life  were  peculiarly  blessed  by  visits  from  numerous 
persons,  or  the  children  of  persons,  whom  he  had  befriended.  .  .  . 

"There  was  a  time  when,  as  he  afterwards  thought,  he  was  not  dis- 
criminating enough  in  his  charities.  The  reading  of  Malthus  on  Popu- 
lation, and  the  discussions  which  arose  upon  the  publication  of  that  work, 
modified  considerably  his  views  of  true  benevolence.  Prevention  of 
poverty  seemed  to  him  both  more  merciful  and  practicable  than  the 
relief  of  it ;  and  he  was  therefore  continually  suggesting  to  those  who 
were  on  the  verge  of  poverty  principles  of  economy  and  kinds  of  labor 
by  which  they  were  enabled  to  put  themselves  into  a  comfortable  estate." 

"  In  active  benevolence  and  works  of  charity,"  continues  Dr.  Green- 
wood, "  he  seems  to  have  been  indefatigable  and  unsurpassed.  He  was 
not  able  to  bestow  large  donations  on  public  institutions,  but  he  was  a 
valuable  friend,  promoter,  and  director  of  some  of  the  most  important 
of  them.  His  private  charities  are  not  to  be  numbered.  I  believe  that 
without  much  trouble  he  might  be  traced  through  every  quarter  of  the 
city  by  the  foot]irints  of  his  benefactions.  Pensioners  came  to  the  door 
of  his  house  as  they  do  in  some  countries  to  the  gate  of  a  convent.  The 
worthy  poor  found  in  him  a  friend,  and  the  unworthy  he  endeavored  to 
reform.     His  aid  to  those  in  distress  and  need  was  in  many  cases  not 


THE    MINISTRY    OF    F.    VV.    P.   GREENWOOD.  487 

merely  temporary  and  limited  to  single  applications,  but  as  extensive  and 
permanent  as  the  life  and  future  course  of  its  object.  I  think  I  may 
be  allowed  to  mention,  as  one  instance  of  this  effectual  species  of  charily, 
that  one  whole  family  of  fatherless  and  motherless  and  destitute  children, 
bound  to  him  by  no  tie  but  that  of  human  brotherhood,  found  a  father 
in  him,  and  owe  to  him.  under  Heaven,  the  respectability  and  comfort 
of  their  earthly  condition.'' 

"  Some,"  wrote  Mr.  George  B.  Enierson,  "  benefit  by  munificent  gifts, 
by  noteworthy  contributions  to  great  public  needs.  Colonel  May  could 
do  nothing  of  this  ;  but  by  the  sunshine  of  his  nature,  by  the  uprightness 
of  his  life,  by  the  vigor  of  his  thought,  by  the  winning  tones  of  his  musi- 
cal voice,  by  the  protecting  strength  of  his  friendship,  he  succored  many 
needy  and  bereaved,  saved  many  young  and  tempted,  wiped  away  the 
tears  of  orphans  and  found  or  gave  them  a  home,  and  diffused  hope, 
light,  and  cheerfulness  wherever  he  went.  *  Content  with  life  and  happy  at 
its  end  '  (as  it  was  written  of  him),  he  passed  onward  gladly  and  trustingly, 
giving  to  all  who  ever  knew  him  a  new  sense  of  the  dignity  and  value  of 
a  human  life."  ^ 

A  mural  Monument  on  the  north  wall  bears  this  inscription  : 
JOSEPH    MAY. 

BORN    IN    BOSTON,    MARCH    25     1760,    DIED    FEB.    27   1 84 1. 

A    ME.MBER    OF   THIS    CHURCH    DURING   NEARLY    SIXTY    YEARS, 

AND    ONE    OF    ITS    WARDENS    FOR    MORE    THAN   THIR'IT, 

HE   WAS   ONE   OF   THOSE   WHO   VOTED    IN    1 785    TO    REVISE   THE    LITURGY 

AND  SUBSEQUENTLY  TO  ORDAIN  AS  RECTOR  THE  REVEREND  JAMES  FREEMAN, 

WHEREBY    THIS    BECAME    AN    INDEPENDENT    CHURCH. 

HIS    LOVE    FOR    THIS    CHURCH    WAS    CONSTANT    AND    PECULIAR, 

HIS    ATTACHMENT    TO    ITS  WORSHIP   INTELLIGENT   AND    LIFE-LONG, 

AND    HIS    DEVOTION    TO    ITS    INTERESTS    WAS    UNWAVERING. 

OF    INFLEXIBLE    INTEGRITY,    EXACT,    UNTIRING,    UNSELFISH, 

FIRM    IN    THE    CHRISTIAN    FAITH, 

SUSTAINED    BY    AN    ANIMATING    HOPE, 

AND    IN    CHARITY    GENEROUS,    PATIENT    AND   JUDICIOUS, 

'he    MIGHT    HAVE    BEEN   TRACED 

THROUGH    EVERY    QUARTER    OF   THE    CITY    BY    THE    FOOTPRINTS    OF 

HIS   BENEFACTIONS.' 

^  See  a  note  on  Colonel  May  on  p.  3S3,  ante. 


488  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Of  two  other  eminent  persons  who  had  been  members  of  his 
Parish,  Dr.  KiRKLAND  and  Dr.  TUCKERMAN,  it  was  Dr.  Green- 
wood's lot  to  speak,^  after  his  return  from  an  absence  for  health, 
in  June,  1840.     Of  the  former  he  says:  — 

"  First,  let  me  speak  of  him  who  first  claimed  my  respect  and  love 
as  the  venerated  head  of  the  University  at  which  I  was  educated,  and 
who,  after  resigning  [the  Presidency  of  Harvard  College],  worshipped 
with  us  for  a  period  in  this  church,  and  communed  with  us  at  this 
table  of  the  Lord.  How  shall  I  do  justice  to  that  various  learning 
which  made  him  equal  to  all  occasions,  and  to  that  easy  felicity  of 
manner  which  threw  a  careless  grace  over  offices  which  prove  to  so 
many  others  cumbrous  and  unbecoming ;  to  that  wisdom  which  probed 
into  the  heart  of  affairs  and  the  bosoms  of  men,  and  that  simplicity  which 
won  confidence,  disarmed  suspicion,  and  reassured  the  ignorant  and 
timid  ;  to  that  reasonable  dignity  which  he  wore  like  a  robe,  but  without 
sternness  and  without  formality,  and  that  gayety  of  spirit  and  demeanor 
which  was  the  delight  of  his  intimate  friends,  but  never  degenerated  into 
irreverence  or  levity  ;  to  that  justice  which  dealt  its  awards  with  an  equal 
hand,  and  that  kindness  which  flowed  out  from  the  kindest  of  hearts, 
and  could  hardly  be  checked  even  by  the  unworthiness  of  its  object? 
The  benefits  which  as  a  clergyman,  as  President  of  our  University,  as  a 
favorer  of  all  good  institutions,  he  conferred  on  the  community,  the  com- 
munity showed  that  they  had  not  forgotten,  when,  though  a  long  period 
of  retirement  and  comparative  inactivity  had  intervened,  they  lately 
flocked  round  his  coffin  with  as  fresh  an  interest,  and  with  as  ardent 
an  offering  of  tears  and  honors,  as  if  he  had  died  in  the  prime  of  his 
powers  and  usefulness,  and  perhaps  with  a  tenderer  remembrance. 

"Has  he  not  returned  to  his  rest?  Was  not  the  long  rest  needful 
mercifully  appointed?  He  had  been  a  wanderer,  a  pilgrim,  in  body  and 
mind.  His  feet  had  trodden  on  far  distant  lands,  even  on  the  land 
where  his  Saviour  had  walked  before ;  but  now  to  those  tired  feet  there 
is  ordered  a  rest.  His  mind  had  struggled  with  masking  clouds,  —  yet 
showing  by  many  a  bright  glimpse  that  the  same  sun  was  there,  —  but 
now  it  has  found  rest  in  a  cloudless  world.  That  wise  and  gentle  soul, 
after  much  '  weariness  and  painfulness,'  has  returned  unto  its  rest." 

Of  the  latter  he  writes :  — 

"  And  another  has  returned,  —  one  who  for  many  years  and  to  the  last 
was  counted  among  our  number,  worshipping  with  us  and  communing 
with  us  whenever  he  was  able  to  leave  his  own  house.     To  him,  also, 

1  This  unpublished  sermon  was  en-  sioned  by  Dr.  Kirkland's  death,  at  least 

titled  "  Rest  of  the   Soul."     It  was  de-  three  were  given  to  the  press  ;  namely, 

livered    June    14,   1840,  from   the   text,  those  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Francis  Parkman. 

"Return    unto  thy  rest,   O   my   soul."  Rev.  Alexander  Young,  and  the  Rev.  Dr. 

Psalms,  cxvi.  7.  John  Gorham  Palfrey     Dr.  Young  gives 

Of  numerous  pulpit  discourses  occa-  a  full  sketch  of  the  President's  life. 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    F.  W.   P.   GREENWOOD.  489 

society  is  under  no  common  debt.  To  him  may  be  ascribed  the  origin 
of  a  charity  which  among  the  latest  forms  of  doing  good  may  take  the 
first  place.  The  Ministry  at  Large,  through  which  so  great  an  amount  of 
rehgious  instruction,  comfort,  and  guidance  is  dispensed  to  the  needy, 
calls  our  lately  deceased  friend  its  founder.  Coming  from  a  small  parish 
in  the  neighborhood  to  the  metropolis,  he  very  soon  devoted  himself 
with  a  true  missionary  zeal  to  the  moral  elevation,  which  necessarily 
includes  and  supposes  the  physical  well-being,  of  the  neglected  poor,  — 
neglected  by  others,  neglected  by  themselves, —  always  a  numerous  class 
in  cities.  With  what  a  holy  warmth  he  pursued  this  work  is  known  to  all 
who  knew  him  ;  with  what  important  results,  the  three  full  churches  in 
this  city  which  have  sprung  from  the  first  small  chapel  in  Friend  Street, 
and  the  grateful  echo  of  his  name  from  various  parts  of  our  country  and 
from  abroad,  will  bear  ample  testimony.  Benevolence  was,  in  him,  genius 
supplying  the  impulses  and  performing  the  offices  of  genius.  He  felt 
that  his  duty  was  one  which  was  not  to  be  comprehended  nor  discharged 
in  a  day ;  and  he  gave  to  it  his  days,  his  thoughts,  his  affections,  and  his 
strength,  and  performed  in  it  that  which  mere  genius  cannot  perform. 
Every  successive  year  found  him  more  acquainted  with  its  multiplied 
bearings,  more  practised  in  its  crowded  details  ;  and  a  body  of  practical 
knowledge  relating  to  it  is  to  be  obtained  from  his  periodical  Reports,  and 
from  the  volume  which  he  published  on  the  Ministry  at  Large,  which  is 
not  to  be  met  with  elsewhere.  His  labors  in  the  cause  which  he  had 
espoused  with  his  whole  soul  were  unremitting,  frequently  exhausting, 
and  they  no  doubt  contributed  to  break  down  a  naturally  slender  consti- 
tution. But  in  this  service  he  was  willing  to  be  spent ;  and  no  service, 
surely,  could  be  worthier  of  a  costly  sacrifice.  So  long  as  the  poor  are 
with  us  will  his  memory  be  cherished." 

The  names  here  recorded  illustrate  the  part  contributed  by 
King's  Chapel  to  that  elder  form  of  liberal  piety  sometimes 
known  as  "  Channing  Unitarianism."  Dr.  Greenwood's  death 
followed  that  of  Channing  at  an  interval  of  just  ten  months ; 
and  it  was  the  great  felicity  of  this  congregation,  that  the  purest 
and  noblest  spirit  of  the  earlier  period  was  so  fully  exemplified 
in  the  ministry  of  his  successor,  which  we  have  now  to  trace. 


CHAPTER   XXV. 


THE   MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY. 


I  HE  death  of  Dr.  Greenwood,  although  long  foreseen, 
had  come  with  sorrow  to  the  Parish  that  had  so  long 
cherished  him  with  loving  pride.  His  destined  suc- 
cessor was  to  be  one  already  well  known  in  Bos- 
ton ;  but  there  was  first  a  considerable  delay.  Six 
months  before  Dr.  Greenwood's  death,  in  February, 
1843,  a  circular  letter  had  been  addressed  by  the 
Vestry  to  the  members  of  the  Parish,  saying  that 
there  was  reason  to  believe  it  possible  to  secure  the 
services  of  Rev.  Ephraim  Peabody  of  New  Bedford, 
as  Colleague  Pastor,  "  if  proper  measures  were 
adopted  in  relation  both  to  him  and  the  Parish 
with  which  he  is  now  connected."  At  the  Pro- 
prietors' meeting  to  consider  the  subject,  March  12, 
Mr.  Curtis  reported  for  the  Wardens  and  Vestry 
that  "  they  had  hoped  to  make  this  arrangement, 
but  a  letter  since  received  from  Mr.  Peabody  pre- 
cluded all  hope  of  such  a  result."  There  may 
well  have  been  a  lingering  hope,  however,  that 
this  might  come  to  pass  later;  and  it  is  probable 
that  this  interfered  later  with  a  different  arrangement  that  was 
had  in  mind. 

In  November  of  the  same  year  it  was  debated  whether  to 
extend  an  invitation  to  Rev.  George  E.  Ellis, ^  but  without  result. 
An  interval  of  nearly  two  years  now  elapsed,  during  which  no 
permanent  arrangement  was  made,  but  the  pulpit  was  supplied 
by  various  able  ministers.  As  the  First  Church  worshipped  with 
this  Parish  during  the  repairs  of  their  own  building,  from  June 
I  to  Nov.  26,  1843,  the  pulpit  was  supplied  during  that  time  by 


1  Dr.  Ellis's  only  pastorate  was  at 
Charlestown,  where  he  succeeded  Dr. 
James  Walker  in  March,  1840,  remain- 
ing till  June,  1S69  A  sketch  of  his  life 
and  a  complete  bibliography  of  his  writ- 
ings to  1879  are  in  Mr.  Henry  H.  Edes's 
History     of    the     Harvard    Church     tn 


Charhstmvn,  pp.  208-247.  [Dr.  Ellis  was 
President  of  the  Massachu.setts  Histori- 
cal .Society  at  the  time  of  his  death,  Dec. 
20,  1894.  Tributes  to  his  memory  will 
be  found  in  the  Society's  Proceeding's  for 
January,  1895  (Second  Series),  i.\,  244- 
267.    See  ante,  p.  459,  note.  —  Editor], 


'^>. 


lA^ 


JZ^Cu^u^J_^ 


THE    MINISTRY    OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY. 


491 


Rev.  Dr.  Frothingham.^  For  a  considerable  time  the  Rev. 
George  G.  Ingersoll,  D.  D.,  then  occupied  the  position  of  tem- 
porary minister  of  the  Parish,  and  did  all  that  could  be  done 
in  such  a  relation,  by  the  dignity  of  his  character  and  the  accep- 
tableness  of  his  preaching,  to  hold  the  Parish  together.^  A 
sermon  of  Dr.  Ingersoll's  delivered  just  at  the  close  of  this  con- 
nection, which  was  printed  at  the  request  of  the  Proprietors, 
is  marked  by  the  chastened  religious  feeling  and  beauty  of 
thought  and  expression  which  distinguished  all  that  he  did.^ 
Still,  the  Church  needed  a  minister  of  their  own.  Among  the 
signs  of  this  it  is  to  be  noted  that  a  custom  which  has  since 
become  the  usage  of  many  city  churches  was  first  sanctioned 
here  May  15,  1845,  when  it  was  "  Voted,  to  close  the  Church  from 
the  first  Sunday  in  July  to  the  second  Sunday  in  September."'* 
At  this  time,  however,  the  congregation  was  recalled  to  its 
earlier  usage  by  a  request  from  the  Church  of  the  Disciples  to 


1  It  was  during  this  interval  that  the 
sky-lighted  ceiling,  constructed  in  the 
Chauncy  Street  meeting-house  to  obvi- 
ate the  dusky  gloom  cast  on  it  by  the 
high  buildings  around  it,  occasioned  a 
saying  of  Rev.  Caleb  Stetson,  that  in  the 
First  Church  in  Boston  "  Christians  were 
raised  under  glass." 

^  Dr.  Ingersoll,  son  of  Major  George 
Ingersoll,  of  Keene  (i 754-1 805),  one  of 
the  younger  officers  in  the  army  of  the 
Revolution,  was  born  in  1796,  graduated 
from  Harvard  College  in  181 5,  and  had 
been  minister  at  Burlington,  Vt.,  from 
1822  to  1844.  After  taking  temporary 
charge  of  other  churches  besides  King's 
Chapel  for  several  years,  he  resided  in 
Keene,  N.  H.,  where  he  died  in  1S63,  be- 
loved and  honored  by  all  who  had  known 
him,  —  a  man  of  invincible  courage  and 
unfailing  humor. 

2  "Home;  A  Thanksgiving  Sermon, 
preached  at  King's  Chapel,  by  George  G. 
Ingersoll.  Boston,  1845."  "One  of  a 
thousand."  It  was  a  pleasant  expression 
of  regard  which  led  the  Proprietors,  by  a 
vote  of  Dec.  2,  to  appropriate  $200  "to 
secure  the  copyright  of  Dr.  Ingersoll's 
Sermon." 

*  The  Vestry  had  voted  to  close  the 
church  during  July  and  August  in  1844, 
but  the  Wardens  were  requested  to  pre- 
pare a  statement  of  their  reasons  in 
the  form  of  a  circular  to  the  Parish. 
They  v/ere,/irsf,  for  repairs  on  the  organ, 
and,   second,   for   the   following   reason : 


"  The  cushions,  carpets,  and  other 
woolen  furniture  of  the  church  require 
examination,  in  consequence  of  the  ex- 
istence of  moths  in  some,  and  probably 
in  many,  of  the  pews ;  and  it  was  deemed 
expedient  that  this  examination  should 
be  made  at  the  general  expense,  as  the 
damage  would  be  general,  if  the  multi- 
plication of  these  destructive  insects 
were  permitted  to  go  on  without  inter- 
ruption. ...  It  was  deemed  clearly  ex- 
pedient to  avail  ourselves  of  the  usual 
thinness  of  the  congregation  during  the 
hot  months  of  summer,  to  do  all  that 
was  necessary  in  the  most  complete  and 
satisfactory  manner.  Upon  examination 
of  the  list  of  Proprietors,  it  was  ascer- 
tained that  a  considerable  majority 
would  be  out  of  town,  the  greater  part, 
if  not  the  whole  of  the  summer;  and  it 
is  well  known  that  the  attendance  on  the 
services  of  the  Sabbath  in  this  church  is 
so  thin  during  the  hot  weather  as  to 
excite  remark  from  many  who  are  un- 
acquainted with  the  reason  of  it."  The 
examination  disclosed  fewer  "  destruc- 
tive insects"  than  was  expected,  —  only 
five  pews  being  affected  thereby.  On 
this  occasion  the  members  of  the  Parish 
remaining  in  town  were  invited  to  wor- 
ship with  the  First  Church,  the  members 
of  which  expressed  gratification  "  if  we 
can  return  in  some  degree  the  sacred 
and  endearing  hospitality"  received  dur- 
ing the  previous  season. 


492  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

be  permitted  to  use  the  Chapel  for  worship  during  that  sum- 
mer. The  discontent  within  the  Parish  at  the  vote  which  had 
been  passed  may  have  been  encouraged  by  this.  If  others  could 
open  King's  Chapel  for  religious  services,  it  was  surely  fitting 
that  those  who  had  it  in  trust  should  not  abandon  it.  Accord- 
ingly, the  Proprietors  voted  to  keep  the  Chapel  open  them- 
selves, and  to  invite  the  Church  of  the  Disciples  to  worship  with 
them.i 

But  now  the  time  had  come  when  a  hope  arose  again  that 
Mr.  Peabody  might  be  persuaded  to  reconsider  his  adverse 
decision  about  leaving  New  Bedford.  Before  action  was  taken 
by  the  Parish  he  was  privately  consulted,  to  learn  whether  he 
would  accept  a  call.  His  answer,  dated  Oct.  15,  1845,  was 
marked  by  the  delicate  sense  of  honor  which  characterized  his 
whole  course  in  relation  to  the  people  whom  he  at  last  left,  as 
well  as  to  those  whose  minister  he  was  to  become. 

"  If  there  be  any  reports  that  I  am  willing  to  leave  New  Bedford,"  he 
wrote,  "  they  are  without  warrant  from  me.  As  to  your  question,  I  will 
say  that  if  I  were  invited  to  your  Parish,  the  probability  is  that  I  should 
not  accept  the  invitation.  I  think  that  this  is  all  I  can  say  or  ought  to 
say  respecting  an  imaginary  case  in  which  the  circumstances  most  im- 
portant in  determining  one's  course  would  in  part  be  created,  or  at  least 
brought  to  light,  by  the  invitation  itself.  Whatever  other  motives  might 
sway  my  inclinations,  I  should  endeavor  to  be  governed  in  ray  decision 
by  the  probable  effect  which  one  course  or  the  other  would  have  on 
those  great  interests  which  a  Christian  minister  ought  to  have  at  heart. 
I  should  not  leave  this  place  unless  right-minded  men,  who  knew  my 
situation  here  and  prospects  there,  were  clearly  of  opinion  that  I  should 
do  more  to  promote  those  interests  by  leaving  than  by  remaining  where 
I  am.  What  the  judgment  of  such  men  would  be,  when  I  consider  how 
often  ministers  mistake  as  to  their  true  position,  I  feel  that  I  am  as  little 
competent  as  any  one  to  foretell." 

Nevertheless,  the  Parish  proceeded  to  hold  a  meeting,  Oct. 
26,  1845,  at  which  a  call  was  extended  to  Mr.  Peabody  to 
become  their  minister,  by  a  vote  of  forty-four  to  three.  It  was 
a  hard  struggle  for  him  to  decide.    The  ties  of  friendship  and  of 

1  An   excellent    plan   was   proposed,  H.  Heywood  of  the  Cambridge  Divinity 

during  this  interval,  to  bring  the  Church  School  as  the   missionary.     But,  unfor- 

into    closer   relations   to   a   Ministry   at  tunately  for  the  object  and  for  the  best 

Large,  by  supporting  a  minister  in  this  welfare  of  this  Church,  he  concluded  to 

work.      In   April,   1844,  a   private   sub-  enter  another  field  of  labor ;   and  in  the 

scription  was   begun   for  this   purpose,  great  difficulty  of  finding  another  person 

and  was  far  enough  advanced  to  insure  with  exactly  the  qualifications  required 

obtaining  the  necessary  amount :  mean-  for  this  difficult  task,  the  plan  was  laid 

time,  it  was  expected  to  engage  Mr.  John  aside. 


THE    MINISTRY    OF    EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  493 

pastoral  duty  there  were  strong,  and  they  would  have  held  him, 
if  considerations  of  heahh  had  not  turned  the  scale.  But  Mr. 
Peabody  proceeded  with  the  most  scrupulous  care  for  the  rights 
and  privileges,  first  of  all,  of  the  New  Bedford  Parish,  as  is 
shown  in  the  following  correspondence :  — 

New  Bedford,  Nov.  18,  1845. 

My  dear  Sir,  —  I  see  that  there  is  in  the  Boston  papers  an  account 
of  the  proceedings  here  last  Sunday.  You  probably  have  seen  the  same, 
and  if  so  may  find  it  difficult  to  understand  why  my  answer  to  your 
communication  is  delayed. 

The  account  in  the  newspaper  paragraph  is  incorrect  in  the  most 
important  point.  A  letter  from  me  requesting  a  dismission  was  read  in 
the  morning,  with  great  and  most  considerate  kindness  to  me,  in  order 
to  relieve  me  from  suspense  ;  a  reply,  acceding  to  my  wishes,  was  com- 
municated to  the  Society  in  the  evening,  and,  as  far  as  could  be,  adopted. 
But  before  any  formal  dissolution  of  my  connexion  with  my  Society  can 
take  place,  it  is  necessary  that  a  kgal  meeting  should  be  held.  This 
cannot  be  for  some  days  to  come.  In  the  mean  time  I  am  not  free  to 
act  with  reference  to  any  other  Society ;  and  even  if  I  were,  it  would 
not  comport  with  my  feelings  to  do  so.  The  separation  from  my  Society 
here  is  quite  enough  for  my  mind  to  bear;  and  besides,  instead  of  seek- 
ing, I  wish  to  avoid  all  thought  of  plans  and  purposes  for  the  future, 
which  might  distract  my  mind  from  the  full  sense  of  what  I  am  doing 
here.  Were  it  possible,  I  should  be  glad  if  I  could  prevent  my  thoughts 
going  outside  of  New  Bedford  ;  for  it  is  in  this  way  alone  that  I  can  do 
justice  to  my  friends  here,  who  all  of  them  are  willing  to  do  far  more 
than  justice  to  me.  I  wish  as  far  as  may  be  not  only  to  wait  their 
action  outwardly  in  form,  but  in  thought.  Thus  you  will  perceive  that 
it  is  not,  according  to  the  proper  form,  decided  even  that  I  shall  leave 
New  Bedford. 

When  that  decision  is  made,  it  will  be  the  proper  time  for  me  to  con- 
sider what  I  ought  to  do,  as  it  regards  the  future  ;  and  you  may  well 
suppose  that  for  my  own  sake,  if  for  nothing  else,  there  will  be  no  need- 
less hesitation. 

For  several  reasons,  I  greatly  regret  that  there  should  be  any  delay ; 
but  the  reasons  for  the  course  I  have  taken  and  am  trying  to  take  satisfy 
my  judgment  and  conscience,  and  for  any  mistakes  I  must  trust  myself 
to  the  charity  of  my  friends. 

As  to  the  common  misunderstandings  of  other  men's  purposes  and 
motives,  they  are  of  little  consequence,  and  in  the  present  case  it  is  of 
more  importance  to  me,  I  suppose,  than  to  any  one  else ;  but  I  have 
thought  that  I  should  like  to  have  some  one  member  of  your  Society 
understand  the  truth  as  to  my  situation,  and  for  this  reason  I  have  taken 
the  liberty  to  address  you  this  note. 

Most  truly  yours,  E.  Pearody. 

George  B.  Emerson,  Esq. 


494  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Here  follows  the  official  correspondence  before  referred  to : 

New  Bedford,  Nov":   26,  1845. 
To  THE  Proprietors  and  Pewholders  of  King's  Chapel. 

Christian  Friends,  —  Your  invitation  to  become  tlie  Minister  at 
King's  Chapel  has  been  communicated  to  me  by  your  Wardens,  and 
I  am  most  grateful  to  you  for  your  kindness  and  for  the  confidence 
which  you  are  willing  to  repose  in  me.  It  is  with  many  hesitations  and 
fears,  and  with  something  also  of  hope,  that  I  would  now  signify  to  you 
my  acceptance  of  your  invitation. 

In  coming  to  a  decision  of  so  much  importance  to  yourselves  and  to 
your  families,  I  do  it  with  a  deep  sense  of  the  responsibility  which  it 
involves,  and  of  my  own  imperfections.  I  should  not  dare  to  do  it,  did 
I  not  believe  that  the  same  kind  judgment  which  has  led  you  to  commit 
such  a  trust  to  me  will  secure  to  me  your  aid  in  meeting  it. 

In  taking  such  a  step,  I  rely  more  on  you  than  on  myself;  and,  above 
all,  I  desire  to  rely  on  that  Merciful  Being  who  out  of  our  defects  and 
weaknesses  can  make  instruments  to  serve  Himself  May  His  blessing, 
without  which  we  cannot  be  blessed,  rest  on  you  and  on  me,  and  make 
this  union  a  means  of  promoting  His  glory  and  man's  good. 
In  the  bonds  of  Christian  Fellowship, 

Most  respectfully  Yours, 

Ephraim  Peabody. 

REPLY    OF   the   PROPRIETORS    AND   PEWHOLDERS. 

Reverend  Ephraim  Peabody  : 

Dear  Sir,  —  At  a  meeting  of  the  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel,  held 
in  the  Chapel  on  Sunday  last,  immediately  after  the  evening  service, 
your  letters,  accepting  our  invitation  to  become  our  Minister,  were  read, 
and  the  welcome  intelligence  which  they  contained  was  received  with 
the  warmest  and  most  perfectly  unmingled  feeling  of  satisfaction. 

It  was  then  moved  and  seconded,  that  the  said  communications  be 
referred  to  the  Wardens  and  Vestry,  with  instructions  to  express  to  the 
Rev.  Ephraim  Peabody  the  gratification  which  the  Proprietors  of  King's 
Chapel  feel  at  his  acceptance  of  their  invitation  to  become  their  Min- 
ister, and  to  take  order  for  his  installation,  according  to  the  forms  of  this 
Society,  at  as  early  a  day  as  his  convenience  will  permit ;  which  vote 
being  put,  was  unanimously  adopted. 

In  obedience  to  the  above  vote,  and  moved  ourselves  by  the  same 
strong  feeling  which  dictated  it,  we  now  address  you. 

And  we  hope  you  will  pardon  us,  if  we  first  attempt  to  express  our 
own  gratification  at  the  conclusion  to  which,  after  the  most  mature 
deliberation,  you  have  been  led,  and  which  you  have  thus  kindly  com- 
municated to  us.  We  have  comprehended  the  embarrassments  of  your 
situation,  we  have  appreciated  the  strong  ties  by  which  you  were  held  to 
the  friends  about  you,  and  have  admired  the  generous  self-devotion  which 


THE    MINISTRY    OF    EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  495 

would  have  led  you  to  a  field  of  severer  labors  and  more  harassing  cares 
than  that  to  which  we  invite  you  ;  and  we  have  waited  with  great  anxiety 
for  your  decision.  We  heartily  thank  you,  and  we  desire  humbly  to 
thank  the  Merciful  Giver  of  all  good  gifts,  that  your  decision  has  been  in 
our  favor.  We  trust  that  He  who  has  overruled  and  determined  this 
decision  will  make  it  a  means  of  the  greatest  good  to  you  and  to  us, 
His  people,  and  through  us  to  all  His  Church. 

We  have  long  been  without  a  Minister  of  our  own  ;  and  although  we 
have  never  been  without  the  stated  instructions  of  able  and  excellent 
teachers,  we  have  missed  some  of  the  best  influences  of  religious  instruc- 
tion. For  we,  like  all  our  brethren  of  the  human  race,  are  so  made, 
with  mind  and  feelings  so  intertwined,  that  our  heart  and  its  affections 
must  be  touched,  as  well  as  our  reason  convinced,  before  our  will  is 
moved.  We  have  had  learned  and  eloquent  sermons ;  but  they  have 
been  from  men  who,  to  most  of  us,  were  strangers,  and  they  have  there- 
fore wanted  that  which  is  more  convincing  than  argument  and  more 
persuasive  than  eloquence,  —  the  conviction  that  the  words  were  uttered 
from  a  strong  interest  in  us  ;  that  they  were  suggested  by  our  wants,  our 
weaknesses,  and  our  sins  ;  that  they  were  the  earnest  expression  of  feel- 
ings which  we  knew  to  be  real,  and  on  which  the  life  which  we  daily 
witnessed  was  a  constant  and  irresistible  commentary. 

We  have  been  still  longer  without  a  Pastor ;  for  our  revered  and 
lamented  Greenwood  was  so  long,  before  his  death,  visited  by  disease 
which  took  away  his  strength  and  kept  him  almost  a  prisoner  in  his  own 
house,  that  he  was  obliged  to  forego,  for  many  years,  some  of  the  dearest 
duties  of  the  pastoral  office ;  and  many  of  our  children  have  never  felt, 
save  from  their  own  parents,  the  sweet  and  sacred  influences  of  a  reli- 
gious guide  and  teacher. 

We  feel  and  mourn  our  own  deficiencies,  especially  in  this  part  of  our 
duties  ;  and  we  long  to  find  for  ourselves  a  counsellor  and  helper  there- 
in, and  for  our  children  a  religious  friend,  who  in  the  soft  and  yielding 
season  of  their  early  years  shall  draw  their  warm  affections  towards  the 
fountain  of  Good,  and  win  their  willing  but  uncertain  steps  to  the  paths 
of  life. 

We  know  that  our  want  of  a  Minister  has  been  considered  less  press- 
ing than  that  of  some  other  bereaved  churches,  —  partly  because  we  have 
been  happily  kept  together  with  great  unanimity ;  and  partly,  perhaps, 
because  many  of  us  are  among  those  whom  the  world  calls  prosperous. 
But  we  believe,  we  know,  that  there  are  dangers  in  prosperity  not  less  to 
be  apprehended  than  the  dangers  of  adversity ;  we  partly  ourselves  see, 
and  we  trust  that  you  will  still  better  see,  and  in  your  faithfulness  to  us 
and  to  your  Master  will  not  fail  to  declare  to  us,  our  peculiar  dangers. 

Deeply  moved  with  a  sense  of  what  we  have  lost  and  are  still  losing 
by  being  thus  left  alone,  we  want  words  to  express  the  feelings  of  grateful 
joy  with  which  we  look  forward  to  the  time  when  you  shall  become  our 
Minister  and  our  Pastor ;  when  we  shall  listen  to  the  instructions  of  one 


496  ANNALS   OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

in  whom  we  are  all  strongly  and  warmly  united ;  when  we  shall  again  be 
able  to  witness  ourselves,  and  point  out  to  our  children,  the  example  of 
a  faithful  follower  of  the  Saviour,  who  shall  be  their  friend  and  their 
fathers'  friend,  and  the  influence  of  whose  teachings  and  whose  life  we 
and  they  shall  daily  feel.  To  that  end  we  pray  that  God  may  strengthen, 
enlighten,  and  guide  you ;  that  you  may  be  able  to  give  us  wise  and 
faithful  instruction,  and  set  us  the  example  of  a  holy  life. 

You  are  aware  that  our  Society  has  no  connexion,  except  that  of 
a  common  faith  and  the  bonds  of  charity  and  Christian  fellowship,  with 
any  other  Society  of  Christians.  We  hold  ourselves  accountable  to  God 
only  for  our  faith  in  Him,  and  for  the  mode  in  which  we  shall  worship 
Him.  We  call  no  man  master,  for  we  believe  that  one  is  our  Master, 
even  Christ,  and  that  all  men  are  brethren.  We  therefore  purpose  to 
ask  no  human  aid  in  installing  you  in  the  office  of  our  Minister  and 
Pastor.  We  have  chosen  you  of  our  own  free  will,  and  we  propose  our- 
selves and  of  our  own  authority  to  invest  you  with  the  rights  of  our 
religious  teacher. 

You  will  doubtless  understand  that  the  position  we  take  in  reference 

to  installation  is  not  the  consequence  of  any  recent  determination.     It 

was  taken,  from  the  necessity  of  circumstances,  as  long  ago  as  1784,  at 

the  ordination  of  Dr.   Freeman ;    it  has  been  maintained  since  in  the 

ordination  of  his  first  colleague,  Mr.  Cary,  and  the  installation  of  his 

second  colleague  and  successor,  Mr.  Greenwood ;  and  we,  examining  it 

calmly  and  maturely,  do  now  firmly  maintain  it  as  entirely  consistent 

with  the  simplicity  of  the  Gospel  and  the  usages  of  the  earliest  Christian 

Church. 

George  B.  Emerson,  )  ^,^     , 
T  T     /-•  r  Wardens. 

John  L.  Gardner,      5 

The  installation  of  Mr.  Peabody  took  place  in  conformity 
with  the  usages  of  the  Church,  Jan.  11,  1846,  the  Proprietors 
sitting  in  the  pews  nearest  to  the  Desk. 

During  the  voluntary  which  precedes  the  Morning  Service,  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Peabody,  accompanied  by  the  Wardens,  ascended  the  Desk.  After 
the  conclusion  of  the  voluntary,  the  Senior  Warden  said  :  — 

"  Brethren,  at  a  meeting  held  in  this  place,  on  the  26'-  day  of  October 
last,  you,  Proprietors  of  pews  in  this  Chapel,  instructed  your  Wardens  to 
invite  the  Rev"?  Ephraim  Peabody  to  become  your  Minister. 

"  That  invitation  was  given  and  accepted ;  and  the  Rev'?  Mr.  Peabody 
is  here,  and  we  are  assembled  to  ratify,  before  God  and  in  this  presence, 
the  compact  then  entered  into.  And  to  the  end  that  we,  a  portion  of 
Christ's  flock,  and  this  our  elected  Minister  and  Pastor,  may  duly  feel 
and  acknowledge  the  importance  of  the  relation  which  is  to  be  formed 
between  us,  and  that  it  may  be  ordered  for  his  and  our  good,  let  us 
humbly  implore  the  blessing  of  Almighty  God." 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  497 

The  Rev"?  Mr.  Peabody  then  offered  a  fervent  prayer. 
The  Senior  Warden  then  said  :  — 

"  Brethren,  the  Wardens  and  Vestry  of  this  Church,  acting  as  your 
Committee,  and  agreeably  to  your  instructions  to  take  order  for  the 
installation  of  your  elected  Minister  according  to  the  forms  and  usages 
of  this  Society,  have  prepared  a  vote  which  they  now  submit  to  you,  and 
ask  your  most  serious  consideration  thereof.  By  this  vote  we  do  not 
mean  to  abridge  the  liberty  of  our  Minister,  for  we  do  not  hold  him 
responsible  to  us  alone  for  the  instructions  he  shall  give,  but  to  his  own 
Conscience,  to  his  Master  Christ,  and  to  God,  who,  we  trust,  has  called 
him  to  tills  work.  We  only  seek  to  settle  and  define  the  meaning  and 
extent  of  the  compact  about  to  be  formed  between  us." 

He  then  read  the  following  Vote  :  — 

"  We,  the  Wardens,  Vestrymen,  and  Proprietors  ot  King's  Chapel 
Church,  in  Boston,  by  virtue  of  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  this  Com- 
monwealth, do  hereby  elect,  ordain,  constitute,  and  appoint  the  Rev'^ 
Ephraim  Peabody,  Clerk,  to  be  our  Minister,  Public  Teacher,  and 
Pastor,"  etc,  [As  in  Mr.  Freeman's  ordination,  except  that  the  only 
titles  given  are  as  above,  and  that  the  word  "  ordinances ''  is  substituted 
for  "  sacraments."] 

The  Rev"^  Mr.  Peabody  then  read  to  the  Congregation,  and  delivered 
to  the  Wardens  in  writing,  the  following  declaration  of  acceptance  :  — 

"  My  Brethren,  I  have  already  made  known  to  you  in  another  form 
my  acceptance  of  your  affectionate  invitation  ;  and  I  here  in  a  more 
public  manner  solemnly  repeat  it.  May  God  sanction  this  my  engage- 
ment," etc.     [As  in  Dr.  Greenwood's  letter  of  declaration.] 

The  Senior  Warden  then  took  the  hand  of  Mr.  Peabody  and  said  : 

"We,  the  Wardens,  Vestrymen,  and  Proprietors  of  this  Church,  by 
virtue  of  our  lawful  authority,  do,  before  God,  and  in  presence  of  these 
witnesses,  solemnly  ordain  and  declare  you,  Ephraim  Peabody,  to  be  our 
Minister,  Public  Teacher,  and  Pastor.  In  testimony  whereof,  we  deliver 
to  you  this  Book,  containing  the  Holy  Oracles  of  Almighty  God,  en- 
joining the  due  observance  of  all  the  divine  precepts  contained  therein, 
especially  those  which  relate  to  the  duty  and  office  of  a  Minister  of 
Jesus  Christ,  and  whatever  else,  of  truth  or  duty,  consistent  therewith, 
shall  be  made  known  unto  you. 

"  And  may  the  Lord  bless  you  and  keep  you,  the  Lord  lift  up  the 
light  of  his  countenance  upon  you,  and  give  you  peace,  now  and  ever- 
more.    And  let  all  the  people  say.  Amen." 

And  the  people,  with  one  voice,  said  Amen. 

A  prayer  was  then  offered  by  the  Rev-'  Mr.  Peabody ;  after  which 
the  Morning  Service  began  and  proceeded  as  usual. 

When  the  Warden  said  the  words,  "  we  deliver  to  you  this  Book,"  he 
placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Minister  a  copy  of  the  Holy  Bible. 
VOL.  ir.  —  32 


498  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Mr.  Peabody's  acceptance  had  an  immediate  effect  on  the 
material  interests  of  the  Society.  It  was  necessary,  Dec.  2, 
1845,  "  to  sell  two  of  the  four  strangers'  pews,"  ^  and  the  follow- 
ing June,  to  construct  "  two  additional  pews  on  the  east  side  of 
the  organ."  The  effect  on  the  spiritual  interests  of  the  Church 
is  testified,  as  we  have  seen,  by  the  letter  which  the  Wardens 
wrote  to  Mr.  Peabody  after  receiving  his  reply. 

The  ministry  thus  auspiciously  begun  continued  without  inter- 
ruption, and  with  deepening  attachment  on  both  sides,  till  Dr. 
Peabody's  death  in  1856. 

Ephraim  Peabody  was  born  in  Wilton,  N.H.,  March  22,  1807. 
^^  At  the  age  of  five  he 

^^  //^    °'    integrity,   honored 

by  the  confidence  of 
his  townsmen  ;  but  his  mother,  whose  sensitive  nature,  full  of 
reserve  yet  full  of  strength,  was  in  closest  kindred  with  his 
own,  lived  till  her  son  was  forty-five  years  old. 

"  His  first  impressions  were  formed  in  that  mountainous  region.  High 
hills  were  in  the  distance,  —  the  trees  were  large,  —  everything  was  on 
a  great  scale.  He  walked  four  miles  to  school,  and  as  far  to  church, 
where  he  sat  the  winter  through  in  a  stone-cold  one.  He  never  appre- 
ciated small  flowers  or  a  small  landscape,  saying  he  grew  up  among  the 
hills  and  grander  things." 

Amid  the  secluded  beauty  of  a  wild  and  picturesque  region 
the  child  grew,  taught  in  the  wholesome  school  of  wise  and 
simple  living  and  in  communion  with  natural  things.  Long 
after,  he  said  to  a  friend,  as  they  looked  at  a  summer  cloud  : 
"  How  often,  when  I  was  a  boy,  I  have  taken  my  book,  and  sat 
by  the  road-side  under  an  old  tree,  .  .  .  and  when  I  was  tired  of 
reading,  thrown  myself  back  on  the  grass,  and  watched  just  such 
a  cloud  as  that,  expecting,  if  I  looked  steadily  enough,  that  I 
should  see  the  faces  of  angels  leaning  over  its  pure  edges." 
The  strength  of  his  abstemious  training  in  the  simplicity  of  his 
early  home  blended  with  this  extreme  susceptibility  to  natural 
loveliness  to  make  some  of  the  most  marked  traits  of  his  char- 
acter. He  was  most  fortunate,  too,  in  another  influence  under 
which  he  came  later,  in  going  from  Dummer  Academy  at  Byfield 
to  Exeter,  where  for  fifty  years  presided  his  maternal  uncle,  Dr. 

1  At  the  same  time  it  was  voted  that  reserved  for  Mrs.  Greenwood  so  long  as 
a  pew  in  the  North  Gallery  should  "  be     she  chooses  to  occupy  it." 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  499 

Abbot,  one  of  the  most  revered  names  among  American  teach- 
ers.^ From  Exeter  he  went  to  Bowdoin  College,  where  his 
classmates  knew  him  as  their  poet,  graduating  there  in  1827, 
and  thence  to  the  Cambridge  Divinity  School,  graduating  in 
1830.  From  those  happy  years  of  boyish  and  youthful  student 
life,  sunny  pictures  have  been  preserved,  which  testify  to  the 
impressions  made  by  the  daily  beauty  of  his  life. 

His  earliest  ministry  was  exercised  in  Meadville,  Pa.,  where 
he  taught  in  Mr.  Huidekoper's  family.  Here  he  is  described  as 
preaching  — 

"  sometimes  in  the  country  to  the  neighboring  farmers.  I  recall  a 
Sunday  afternoon  in  autumn  when  he  stood  under  a  group  of  trees  in 
their  autumn  foliage,  around  him  the  farmers  of  the  vicinity,  who  had 
been  hard  at  work  getting  in  an  abundant  harvest,  and  now  sat  with 
hearts  at  rest  to  listen  to  the  preacher  of  God.  Some  of  the  village  con- 
gregation had  come  out  too,  and  we  listened  awe-struck  to  a  sermon 
from  the  text :  '  The  harvest  is  past,  the  summer  is  ended,  and  we  are 
not  saved.'  " 

This  "  solemn  and  imposing  scene  "  is  a  fitting  prelude  to  his 
whole  ministry,  with  its  serious  appeals  to  the  great  verities  of 
duty  and  judgment. 

The  first  four  years  of  his  settled  ministry  were  passed  in 
Cincinnati,  where  he  was  ordained  by  Dr.  Walker  and  Dr.  Park- 
man,  May  22,  1831.  It  was  then  a  zvestern  city,  separated  from 
New  England  by  a  slow  and  fatiguing  journey  of  weeks  by  stage- 
coach, canal,  or  river,  —  a  city  where  everything  was  growing 
and  nothing  formed,  —  a  place  where  everything  tempted  him 
to  wear  himself  out  in  endless  labors.  "  How  hard  he  worked  ! 
contributing  to  the  Unitarian  Essayist,  and  preaching  constantly 
with  nothing  on  hand;  the  nearest  exchange  at  Pittsburg  (five 
hundred  miles),  or  Louisville."  Here,  too,  he  began  his  wedded 
life.^  The  cholera  came,  and  he  stood  fearless  in  his  duty  as 
a  Christian  minister,  a  "  son  of  consolation."  He  edited  the 
"  Western    Messenger,"   and    wrote    a    large    part  of  what  was 

1  Something  should  be  added  of  the  mill,  while  attempting  to  save  liis  papers 
influence  of  his  maternal  uncle,  a  mem-  from  a  conflagration. 
ber  of  the  household,  Samuel  Abbot,  a  2  \\q  married,  at  Salem,  Aug.  5.  1S33, 
man  with  Abbot  reserve,  but  highly  cul-  Mary-Jane,  daughter  of  John  and  Eleanor 
tivated,  from  whom  he  received  his  first  (Cofiin)  Derby.  Their  children  were 
thorough  training  in  Greek  and  Latin.  Samuel,  Ellen-Derby  (m.  Charles  W. 
Samuel  Abbot  was  also  an  inventor,  who  Eliot,  LL.D.),  Anna-Huidekoper  (m. 
first  discovered  the  use  of  potatoes  in  the  Rev.  Henry  W.  Bellows,  D.  D),  George- 
manufacture  of  starch,  which  he  supplied  Derby,  Emily-Morison,  Robert-Swain, 
to  the  factories  at  Waltham  in  place  of  and  Rev.  Francis-Greenwood  Peabody, 
the  foreign  article.    He  died  in  his  starch  D.  D. 


500  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

printed  in  it.  Without  "  exchanges  "  or  relief,  between  Novem- 
ber and  May,  of  one  year,  he  wrote  sixty  sermons.  Unwearied 
in  all  duties  within  and  without  his  Parish,  he  exhausted  in  those 
few  years  the  springs  of  health  that  were  given  for  a  long  life. 
The  fruits  of  his  devotion,  indeed,  came  back  to  him.  A  little 
before  his  death  he  was  told  of  "  a  colored  man  in  Cincinnati, 
prosperous  and  respectable,  who  attributed  all  his  prosperity 
and  success  to  the  encouragement  and  instruction  which  Mr. 
Peabody  had  given  to  him  —  teaching  him  to  read — when  he 
was  poor  and  friendless.  It  was  characteristic  of  Mr.  Peabody 
that  he  had  forgotten  all  about  it,  and  could  not  be  made  to 
believe  that  it  was  true." 

In  August,  1835,  came  the  first  shock  of  the  disease  which 
was  thenceforth  to  be  an  imperious  fetter  on  his  life  and  work. 
This  occurred  after  being  thrown  from  a  chaise  at  the  house  of 
his  friend  Dr.  Putnam,  at  Roxbury,  just  before  the  time  ap- 
pointed for  his  delivery  of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  poem  at  Cam- 
bridge. Soon  followed  the  death  of  his  only  child;  and  in  that 
autumn  the  bereaved  parents  returned  to  Cincinnati,  —  he  to 
seek  a  milder  climate  for  the  winter.      Says  our  informant,  — 

"  Leaving  his  young  wife  (whose  eyes  were  in  such  a  state  that  she 
could  not  even  read  the  letters  that  he  might  send  her),  he  went  down 
the  river  in  mid-winter.  The  boat  in  which  he  went  was  frozen  in  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Ohio.  Thinking  that  his  hour  had  come,  with  solemn 
trust  he  wrote  of  his  desolate  situation,  saying  that  where  he  had  gone 
for  life  the  very  air  was  filled  with  death." 

But  after  a  while  the  imprisoned  boat  was  released.  He  went 
to  Mobile,  where  his  preaching  led  to  the  formation  of  a  Uni- 
tarian society.  After  a  summer  passed  in  Dayton,  Ohio,  the 
next  autumn  found  him  constrained  to  sever  entirely  his  connec- 
tion with  his  church  at  Cincinnati ;  and  during  the  winter  of 
1836-37  he  preached  in  Mobile,  "throwing  off  his  disease,  like 
an  old  garment,  in  the  pinewoods  of  Alabama."  A  summer 
passed  among  his  native  hills  confirmed  him  in  comparative 
vigor.  In  the  winter  of  1837-38  he  first  became  known  in  Bos- 
ton as  a  preacher,  while  supplying  the  pulpit  of  the  Federal 
Street  Church.  Dr.  Gannett's  health  had  then  given  way,  as  it 
was  supposed,  beyond  restoration,  and  he  was  in  Europe.  It 
was  seriously  proposed  that  Mr.  Peabody  should  become  his 
colleague;   but  the  plan  was  found  impracticable. 

And  now  he  entered  into  a  ministerial  relation  almost  unique 
in  its  character  and  in  its  happy  working.     On  May  23,  1838, 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  501 

he  and  Rev.  John  H.  Morison  were  "  set  apart  as  associate  pas- 
tors "  of  the  First  Congregational  Church  and  Society  of  New 
Bedford,  "  by  the  same  rehgious  services."  It  was  a  relation 
which  continued  without  ajar  during  six  years.  During  that 
time  the  survivor  afterwards  wrote,  "  We  do  not  think  that  so 
much  as  a  momentary  misunderstanding  ever  threw  its  shadow 
over  the  pleasantness  of  their  intercourse,  or  that  either  was 
ever  met  with  a  cold  or  averted  look  by  any  one  of  their  peo- 
ple." It  was  a  friendship  which  lasted  to  the  end  ;  its  perma- 
nent monument  abides  in  the  Memorial  of  Dr.  Peabody  by  his 
friend,  from  which  the  materials  of  our  narrative  are  largely 
drawn,  and  in  the  "Christian  Days  and  Thoughts"  which  he 
compiled  from  Dr.  Peabody's  manuscripts  with  rare  taste  and 
skill.  The  ties  thus  formed  in  New  Bedford  were  never  even 
loosened  by  his  departure  thence,  when  called  to  King's  Chapel 
in  1845.  From  the  beginning  of  his  life  there  dated  one  of  its 
greatest  pleasures,  —  his  summer  home  at  Naushon,  where  for 
seventeen  years  he,  with  his  family,  was  a  welcome  guest  during 
a  month  of  every  year.  And  when,  eleven  years  after  his  re- 
moval from  them,  his  former  congregation  had  listened  sorrow- 
ing to  his  successor's  funeral  tribute,  they  put  on  record  their 
"  gratitude  to  God  for  the  inestimable  privilege  they  enjoyed 
of  listening  to  the  wise  and  affectionate  teachings,  of  witnessing 
the  beneficent  and  blameless  life,  and  of  sharing  in  the  priceless 
friendship,  of  one  whose  presence  for  many  years  was  a  light  in 
all  their  homes,  and  whose  disinterested  goodness  had  endeared 
him  to  all  their  hearts." 

In  the  autumn  of  1845,  Mr.  Peabody  was  invited  to  a  pasto- 
ral settlement  both  by  the  society  in  Hollis  Street  and  by  that 
of  King's  Chapel. 

He  was  led  to  accept  the  latter  by  the  same  considerations  of 
duty  which  governed  all  his  acts.  His  infirm  health  made  his 
body  a  tool  which  might  break  at  any  moment.  "  He  thought 
that  in  New  Bedford  he  would  not  be  able  to  work  more  than 
five  years;  but  in  Boston  perhaps  ten."  His  last  sermon  from 
this  pulpit  was  preached  at  the  close  of  his  tenth  year,  on  occa- 
sion of  the  death  of  Judge  Jackson,^  the  subject  being  "The 
Memorial  of  Virtue  immortal," — a  sermon  which  might  have 
been  written  on  himself 

In  1853  the  Parish  persuaded  him  to  take  a  six  months' 
absence    in  Europe,  which    renewed   his   health   and   refreshed 

1  Contained  in  the  volume  of  his  printed  sermons. 


502  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

his  spirit.^  This  absence  was  filled  with  the  delight,  especiall}' 
in  Italy,  which  few  travellers  are  so  well  fitted  by  temperament 
and  training  to  enjoy;  but  it  wrought  little  permanent  gain  to 
his  frail  health.  He  husbanded  his  diminished  strength  by  the 
employment  of  an  amanuensis,  and  by  greater  care  to  avoid  ex- 
posure and  fatigue ;  but  his  old  disease  was  never  overcome. 
In  the  spring  of  1855  he  was  worn  by  special  duties;  after 
preaching  at  Nahant  he  took  a  severe  chill ;  on  the  30th  of  De- 
cember he  preached  for  the  last  time.  A  winter  in  Florida  failed 
to  benefit  the  deep-seated  malady;  and  summer  brought  loss 
instead  of  gain,  even  though,  in  a  home  under  the  sheltering 
beauty  of  the  Blue  Hills,  every  care  of  friends  folded  him 
around.  He  died,  serenely  as  he  had  lived,  on  the  morning 
after  Thanksgiving,  Nov.  28,  1856. 

The  following  correspondence  is  an  honorable  testimony  to 
the  relations  of  pastor  and  people  during  the  last  weeks  of  his 
declining  strength :  — 

Boston,  Oct.  9,  1856. 
To  William  Thomas,  Esq.,  and  Gardner  Brewer,  Esq.,  Wardens,  and 
to  the  Vestry  of  King's  Chapel. 

My  dear  Friends,  —  I  venture  to  address  you  on  a  subject  which 
has  been  the  source  of  many  anxious  thoughts  to  me.  I  have  been 
hoping,  from  time  to  time,  to  recover  my  strength,  and  to  resume  my 
duties  ;  but  I  have  been  disappointed.  My  health  is  now  such  that  I 
perceive  I  am  imposing  on  our  Church  a  pecuniary  burden  which  they 
ought  not  to  bear ;  while,  still  more,  I  fear  that  my  continuing  to  hold 
my  office  so  long,  while  unable  to  perform  its  duties,  may  be  injurious  to 
their  best  interests.  I  have  had  large  and  long  experience  of  the  kind- 
ness and  forbearance  of  my  people.  I  have  had  no  suggestion  made  to 
me,  and  seen  no  sign,  that  their  patience  is  faihng  now.  On  the  con- 
trary, their  generous  consideration  seems  to  have  increased  very  much  in 

^  The  newspapers  of  the  day  made  try  to  supply  the  desk  for  the  whole  day, 
public  at  that  time  his  declination  of  a  or  a  part  of  it,  at  the  expense  of  the  So- 
proffered  addition  to  his  salary.  Mr.  ciety,  at  all  times  during  the  present 
Peabody's  letter  to  the  Wardens  upon  season  when  in  their  opinion  it  may  be 
this  subject,  and  the  subsequent  action  agreeable  to  Dr.  Peabody."  In  December 
of  the  Parish,  will  be  found  on  pp.  515,  it  was  voted  that  "the  pulpit  be  supplied 
f)i6, post.  for  two  months,  to  relieve  him  from  all 

The  following  votes  testify  to  the  gen-  duties,  his  health  requiring  rest."     He 

erous  and  anxious  regard  felt   towards  went  South  for  the  winter,  and  in  Feb- 

him  by  his  congregation  : —  ruary,  1856,  it  was  again  voted  that  "the 

In  April,  1849,  the  Parish  voted  "a  pulpit  be  supplied  till  his  return  from 

vacation  of  six  weeks  to  Dr.  Peabody,  his  journey  and  till  such  time  as  he  is 

at  such  time  as  agreeable  to  him,  —  the  able  to  resume  his  pastoral  duties."     In 

pulpit  to  be  supplied  at  the  expense  of  the   ensuing   summer   the    Church   was 

the    Proprietors."      In    Sept.    1855,  the  closed  from  the  last  Sunday  in  June  to 

Wardens  were  "  authorized  by  the  Ves-  the  second  in  September. 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  503 

proportion  as  my  power  to  make  any  return  for  it  has  diminished.  But 
their  great  kindness  is  the  last  reason  for  me  to  give  as  an  excuse  for 
neglecting  their  interests.  What  awaits  me  in  the  future  is  beyond 
my  knowledge  ;  but  it  is  at  any  rate  uncertain  how  soon  I  shall  be 
able  to  resume  any  part  of  my  work,  and  more  than  doubtful  whether 
I  shall  ever  be  able  to  resume  it  in  full.  Under  these  circumstances, 
it  is  clearly  my  duty  not  to  allow  the  Church  to  suffer  from  these  per- 
sonal contingencies. 

I  therefore  propose  that  from  this  time  the  expense  of  supplymg  the 
pulpit  should  be  deducted  from  my  salary.  I  propose,  secondly,  that 
if  any  opportunity  should  occur  of  making  a  more  permanent  arrange- 
ment, free  from  the  objections  to  the  present  irregular  mode  of  supply, 
the  amount  of  any  increased  expenditure  on  this  account  should  likewise 
be  deducted  from  my  salary.  Any  such  arrangements,  however,  must 
necessarily  be  temporary.  A  more  decisive  course  is  essential  in  order 
to  make  you  free  from  embarrassment.  And  for  this  end  I  place  in 
your  hands  my  resignation  of  the  office  you  have  entrusted  me  with,  to 
be  used  in  such  way  or  manner  as  you  may  judge  most  conducive  to 
the  welfare  of  the  Society. 

You  will  not  misunderstand  my  reasons.  I  cannot  write  the  words 
without  having  my  mind  flooded  with  tender  thoughts  and  memories. 
And  when  I  have  parted  from  our  Society,  there  can  be  but  one  more 
parting  of  any  serious  interest  to  me  on  earth.  But  our  Society  is  com- 
posed°of  the  best  friends  I  have  in  the  world ;  and  more  than  this,  they 
are  the  friends  whose  spiritual  interests  it  is  my  pledged  and  solemn 
duty  first  of  all  to  consider.  1  have  little  power  to  do  you  any  positive 
service,  and  it  is  doubly  incumbent  on  me,  therefore,  not  to  allow  any 
personal  feelings  to  interfere  with  any  arrangements  for  your  benefit.  I 
wish,  therefore,  to  put  my  resignation  into  your  hands  as  into  those  of 
trusted  and  reliable  friends,  who  will  be  better  able  to  judge  when  to  act 
than  I ;  and  who  will  believe  that,  whether  my  days  are  to  be  many  or 
few,  I  have  no  wish  so  strong  as  that  I  may  take  precisely  that  course 
which  shall  be  best  for  the  Church.  My  relation  with  the  Society  is  and 
ever  has  been  most  happy  and  dear  to  me.  I  had  hoped  to  live  and  die 
as  its  Minister ;  and  I  cannot  let  such  a  relation  be  closed  by  any  act,  on 
my  part  or  yours,  not  in  accordance  with  your  highest  and  holiest  inter- 
ests. I  wish  to  put  myself,  and  to  be  put,  entirely  out  of  view,  and  have 
nothing  thought  of  but  what  is  conducive  to  your  Christian  welfare.  You 
will  understand  that  you  are  authorized,  either  at  once  or  at  any  future 
day,  to  lay  this  note  of  resignation  before  the  members  of  the  Society. 
Whatever  may  be  their  decision.  I  know  it  can  never  be  otherwise  than 
most  friendly  to  me  ;  and  though  it  may  be  thought  best  that  I  should 
cease  in  any  way  to  be  your  Minister,  I  feel  sure  that  every  other  rela- 
tion will  remain  unbroken. 

I  can  close  only  with  good  wishes.  May  the  spirit  of  Christ  be  formed 
more  and  more  in  your  hearts.     May  life  be  so  consecrated  to  God  and 


504  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

to  good  uses  that  at  death  you  may  not  feel  it  in  vain  to  have  hved.  The 
Lord  God  Ahnighty  cause  his  face  to  shine  upon  you,  and  lead  you  in 
ways  of  peace  to  the  life  everlasting.  Such  most  sincerely  is  and  ever 
shall  be  the  prayer  of  your 

Friend  and  Pastor, 

Ephraim  Peabodv. 

The  foregoing  communication  having  been  laid  before  the 
Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel,  at  a  special  meeting  held  im- 
mediately after  morning  service  on  Sunday  the  26th  day  of 
October,  1856,  the  following  Resolutions  were  unanimously 
adopted :  — 

A  communication  from  tlie  Rev.  Dr.  Peabody,  addressed  to  the  Ward- 
ens and  Vestry,  and  tendering  his  resignation  as  Pastor  of  this  Church  in 
consequence  of  ill  health,  having  been  read,  it  was 

Resolved,  That  while  we  duly  appreciate  the  delicate  sense  of  duty  by 
which  Dr.  Peabody  is  prompted  to  make  his  communication,  we  do  not 
think  there  is  any  present  cause  for  adopting  either  of  the  suggestions 
made  by  him.  The  judicious  arrangements  of  the  Wardens  for  the  sup- 
ply of  the  pulpit  are  such  as  to  prevent  any  present  detriment  to  those 
interests  for  which  Dr.  Peabody  has  always  been,  and  is,  so  devotedly 
solicitous. 

Resolved,  That  we  desire  to  express  our  deep  sympathy  with  Dr.  Pea- 
body for  the  affliction  under  which  he  is  suffering,  and  our  earnest  and 
sincere  prayers  for  his  restoration  to  health. 

Resolved,  That  the  Wardens  be  instructed  to  inform  Dr.  Peabody  that 
we  cannot  consent  to  any  change  in  our  relations  to  him  ;  and  we  beg 
him  to  dismiss  from  his  mind  all  uneasiness  in  regard  to  this  Society, 
resting  tranquil  in  the  assurance  that  if  any  new  circumstances  should 
render  a  change  necessary  or  desirable,  he  shall  be  candidly  informed 
of  them. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Society  worshipping  in  King's  Chapel, 
held  on  Sunday,  November  30,  1856,  after  morning  service,  to 
give  expression  to  their  feelings,  and  to  adopt  such  measures  as 
should  be  deemed  suitable  in  consequence  of  the  death  of  the 
Rev.  Ephraim  Peabody,  the  Minister  of  this  Church,  the  follow- 
ing preamble  and  resolution  were  offered  by  Messrs.  Charles  P. 
Curtis,  Thomas  G.  Cary,  and  George  T.  Bigelow,  —  who  had 
been  appointed  by  the  Wardens  and  Vestry  a  committee  for 
the  purpose  of  preparing  the  same,  —  and  were  adopted  and 
ordered  to  be  printed  for  the  use  of  the  Society :  — 

It  hath  pleased  Almighty  God  to  take  from  this  Society  their  beloved 
Pastor,  the  Rev.  Ephraim  Peabody.  After  a  life  of  eminent  usefulness, 
he  has  gone  to  receive  the  reward  of  the  just  made  perfect. 


THE    MINISTRY    OF    EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  505 

We  bow  in  humble  submission  to  this  mysterious  Providence  ;  we 
offer  our  grateful  acknowledgments  to  the  Divine  Goodness  for  that  He 
hath  so  long  spared  to  us  our  friend  to  be  our  guide,  our  instructor,  and 
our  companion.  The  purity  and  directness  of  his  example,  the  clearness 
and  simplicity  of  his  teachings,  the  firmness  of  his  faith  and  character, 
and  the  beauty  of  his  life  have  been  constant  incitements  to  us,  and  to 
all  who  knew  him,  to  the  performance  of  good  works  and  the  cultivation 
of  all  the  virtues.  By  the  old,  the  middle-aged,  and  the  young,  the 
departure  of  Mr.  Peabody  will  be  felt  as  a  severe  bereavement,  — by  the 
young  especially,  whose  hearts  he  so  lovingly  drew  towards  him.  He 
thought  that  if  Providence  should  vouchsafe  to  bestow  his  favor  on  any 
portion  of  his  ministrations,  it  might  be  on  those  which  were  addressed 
to  the  susceptible  hearts  and  minds  of  youth ;  and  his  success  in  this 
direction  proves  the  correctness  of  his  judgment. 

The  character  of  Mr.  Peabody  was  so  symmetrical,  the  noblest  Chris- 
tian virtues  were  so  fully  developed  in  it,  that  we  can  hardly  select  any 
attribute  as  having  prominence  over  others ;  but  no  one  could  see  him 
without  being  impressed  with  the  exalted  spirit  of  Truth  which  pervaded 
all  his  words  and  actions.  His  life  was  most  truly  governed  by  Christ's 
Law.  With  an  ever-abiding  remembrance  and  consciousness  of  his  rela- 
tions to  Almighty  God  ;  his  mind  sobered  by  reflection  upon  the  most 
important  truths  ;  always  striving  for  the  happiness  of  others  ;  esteeming 
himself  as  nothing ;  generous,  disinterested,  and  self-sacrificing,  —  he 
walked  through  this  world  having  "  his  citizenship  in  Heaven,"  and  with 
his  mind  in  such  a  frame  that  were  he  to  hear  his  Lord  coming,  whether 
at  midnight  or  at  the  break  of  day,  he  could  with  devout  trust  and  cheer- 
ful confidence  go  forth  to  meet  him. 

The  more  mature  portion  of  Mr.  Peabody's  hearers  and  associates 
respected  him  for  his  stability  and  manliness,  while  they  loved  him  for  the 
quickness  and  vitality  of  his  sympathy  for  them  in  all  the  relations  of  their 
lives.  To  this  many  aching  hearts  have  borne  witness  ;  and  they  bless 
him  for  the  gentle  tone  in  which  he  spoke  strong  words  of  faith  and  hope 
to  them.  Our  eyes  overflow  with  sorrow  when  we  recall  the  image  of 
our  departed  friend  :  a  presentment  so  noble,  a  deportment  of  such 
blended  dignity  and  sweetness,  a  manner  so  genial,  that  his  entrance 
into  our  dwellings  seemed  to  shed  light  and  warmth  on  all  around 
him.  And  not  alone  by  us  will  this  bereavement  be  felt.  By  all  de- 
nominations of  Christians  Mr.  Peabody  was  held  in  close  regard  and 
profound  respect.  His  catholic  spirit  embraced  in  its  folds  all  the  true 
worshippers  of  God  without  regard  to  the  dogmas  of  sects  ;  and,  while 
he  sacrificed  no  point  of  his  own  faith,  he  carefiilly  abstained  from  all 
unkind  comment  on  the  faith  of  others. 

We  desire  to  express  our  deep  sympathy  with  the  afiliction  which  has 
befallen  those  who  are  nearest  and  dearest  to  the  departed.  But  there 
are  sorrows  with  which  the  stranger  intermeddleth  not ;  and  though  we 
are  not  strangers,  we  forbear  to  approach  wounds  so  recent.     We  can 


506  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

only  venture  to  remind  these  mourners  that  it  is  God  who  hath  visited 
them.     He  gave,  and  He  hath  taken  away. 

"  Angels  of  Life  and  Death  alike  are  His ; 

Without  His  leave  they  pass  nothreshhold  o'er; 
Who  then  would  wish  to  dare,  believing  this, 
Against  His  messengers  to  shut  the  door  ?  " 

Finally,  we  humbly  and  fervently  pray  that  the  example  and  the  in- 
structions of  our  departed  friend  may  not  be  thrown  away,  but  may  be 
productive  of  lasting  good  to  us ;  that  our  hearts  may  be  touched,  our 
desires  elevated,  and  our  wishes  purified  ;  and  that  our  conduct  for  the 
remainder  of  our  lives  here  may  be  improved,  so  that  at  the  last  we  may 
come  to  the  eternal  joy  which  is  promised  to  those  who  are  pure  in 
spirit. 

Resolved,  by  the  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel,  that  the  Wardens  and 
Vestry  be  requested  to  make  all  suitable  arrangements  for  the  funeral  of 
the  Reverend  Ephraim  Peabody  in  conformity  with  the  wishes  of  his 
family.-^ 

The  deepest  work  wrought  for  a  Parish  by  such  a  Minister  as 
Dr.  Peabody  is  one  which  only  time  can  fully  disclose.  He 
was  not  one  of  those  who  spend  themselves  in  the  noisy  clatter 
of  machinery,  —  a  part  of  which  may  be  useful,  while  a  part  is 
likely  to  exist  chiefly  for  the  sake  of  the  noise,  —  but  rather  a 
sower  quietly  sowing  the  seed  of  a  new  life,  whose  harvests  are 
not  reaped  in  a  day  or  in  a  year.  He  came,  too,  to  a  Parish  pecu- 
liarly averse  to  innovation,  which  with  all  its  love  and  respect  for 
him  did  not  always  respond  to  his  wish  for  modifications  that  in 
his  judgment  would  increase  its  usefulness  or  quicken  its  reli- 
gious life.  Thus  in  regard  to  his  plan  of  changing  the  afternoon 
to  an  evening  service,  which  his  experience  elsewhere  com- 
mended,—  though  several  times  urged,  it  was  never  accepted 
by  the  Church  ;  and  so,  too,  in  the  preparation  of  an  edition  of 
the  Liturgy  in  1850,  he  was  disappointed  in  his  endeavor  to 
restore  the  Service  in  some  points  to  the  ancient  form.  He 
came  to  a  Parish  which  has  been  said,  by  those  who  like  not 
its  stable  ways,  to  give  its  Minister  no  opportunity  of  work; 
but  he  made  his  opportunities,  if  he  did  not  find  them.  The 
Sunday  School  was  very  near  his  heart. 

"  He  formed,  in  the  earlier  part  of  his  ministry  in  Boston,  a  class  of 
older  pupils,  to  be  instructed  by  himself,  in  a  course  of  lectures  delivered 
at  his  own  house,  on  interesting  questions  of  morals,  theology,  sacred 

1  Two  days  before  this  action  was  Dr  Peabody.  The  emblems  of  mourn- 
taken  it  had  been  ordered  that  the  ing  remained  until  they  gave  place  to 
Church  should  be  draped  in  black  for     the  customary  Christmas  green. 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  507 

history,  and  kindred  subjects.  For  these  he  prepared  himself  with  great 
care  ;  and  they  were  interesting  and  useful  to  those  who  could  attend. 
These  were  continued  for  about  four  years,  —  as  long,  indeed,  as  there 
were  young  persons  in  the  Parish  who  needed  precisely  that  sort 
of  aid."  1 

In  January,  1852,  Mr.  Peabody  wrote  a  letter  to  the  Vestry, 
asking  them  to  consider  "  the  general  subject  of  the  Sabbath 
services  with  reference  to  the  question  whether  they  were  not 
susceptible  of  some  modifications  which  might  add  to  their 
utility."  "^  He  showed  that  the  afternoon  service  was  thinly  at- 
tended for  various  reasons,  and  stated  the  objections  to  making 
any  change,  but  went  on  to  suggest  that  if  that  service  were 
dropped,  there  should  be  substituted  for  it  either  an  evening  ser- 
vice, beginning  at  half-past  six,  "  the  pews  free  to  all  who  may 
choose  to  occupy  them,"  or  a  Sunday  School  instead  of  the  after- 
noon service.  These  suggestions  he  offered  as  "  merely  sugges- 
tions," without  expressing  "  any  opinion."  "  Personally,"  he  said, 
"I  have  no  preferences  for  one  course  over  the  other  ;  but  I  should 
be  glad  to  know  which  seems  to  others  the  most  useful.  If  it  be 
best  to  retain  the  afternoon  service,  I  should  be  glad  to  know 
that  it  was  thought  best.  Fortified  by  the  deliberate  judgment 
of  others,  I  should  feel  a  confidence  in  commending  it  to  a  more 
general  observance,  which  it  would  be  impossible  to  feel,  if  the 
judgment  of  responsible  and  judicious  men  were  opposed  to  it. 
The  value  of  such  institutions,  and  of  all  our  religious  methods, 
depends   not   on  a  traditional,  doubting,  semi-acquiescence  in 

1  Mr.  Eliot's  Memoir.  having   been  referred   to   the   Wardens 

2  In  1S45,  the  question  of  closing  the  and  Vestry  with  instructions  to  ascer- 
Church  in  the  summer,  or  holding  the  tain  the  wishes  of  the  worshippers  at 
evening  service  at  a  later  hour,  was  re-  the  Chapel  thereupon,  it  was 

ferred   by  the   Proprietors   to  the  War-  .  ^.,,^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  ^y^^^,^^^  ^^  instructed 

dens  and  Vestry,  with  full  powers;  and  ^  obtain  the  opinions  and  wishes  of  the  wor- 

in   1846  they  directed  a  paper  to  be  put  shippers  upon  these  two  points,  by  leaving  in 

in    each    pew,    to    ascertain    whether    a  each  pew  a  printed  paper  containing  the  ques- 

change  from  three  to  four  o'clock  p.  m.  tions,  and  requesting  answers  thereto;    and 

in  summer  is  approved.  that  the  first  question  shall  be  '  whether  it 

It  was  voted,  June  7,  1S46,  that  the  would    not  be  better  to  omit   the   afternoon 

afternoon  service  should   begin  at  four  service   from    the  15th  June  until    the    15th 

o'clock  p.  M.  during   the  three    summer  -eptember. 

months;  but  in  1847  the  question  took  a  Fifty-nine  Proprietors  were  in  favor 

further  range.  of  closing  the  church  in  the  afternoon 

The  questions  whether, ^rsf,  it  would  from  the  middle  of  June  to  the  middle 
not  be  well  to  suspend  the  Sunday  after-  of  September,  and  only  ten  opposed, 
noon  service  during  some  portion  of  the  One  of  the  ten,  however,  was  the  father 
warmer  season;  or,  if  not,  5i?cw;^/,  whether  of  Dr.  Greenwood,  whose  feeling  was 
it  would  not  be  well  to  have  the  sermon  so  strong  that  he  proposed  to  have  the 
omitted,  and  have  only  the  prayers  of  the  church  opened  and  to  sit  there  in  soli- 
Evening  Service  in  the  Liturgy  read, —  tary,  silent  worship  at  the  usual  hour. 


508  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

them,  but  on  the  dehbcrate  conviction  among  thinking  men 
that  on  the  whole  they  are  valuable,  and  because  of  their  value 
deserving  respect  and  observance."  It  was,  however,  after 
discussion,  voted  by  the  Vestry  "  That  it  is  not  desirable  that 
any  material  change  be  made  in  the  Chapel  service." 

In  April,  1854,  Dr.  Peabody  again  wrote  to  the  Wardens, 
"  suggesting  whether  it  might  not  be  on  the  whole  more  accept- 
able to  the  Society,  and  tend  to  a  more  improving  observance 
of  the  day,  to  change  the  afternoon  service  to  evening  for  a  por- 
tion of  the  year,"  thus  leaving  the  afternoon  for  the  Sunday 
School.  This  letter  was  laid  before  the  Proprietors  at  the 
Easter  meeting,  and  was  ordered  to  be  printed  and  distributed 
in  the  pews,  "  the  Vestry  to  report  upon  the  plan  at  some  future 
meeting  of  the  Proprietors."  ^ 

That  the  Parish  was  stirred  by  him  to  good  works  even  the 
barest  tables  of  figures  show.  During  his  ministry,  the  con- 
tributions to  the  Benevolent  Fraternity  of  Churches  steadily 
increased.  From  this  pulpit  proceeded  the  earliest  impulses  to 
some  noble  charities ;  and  in  others,  both  in  and  out  of  the 
pulpit,  he  was  a  most  important  helper.  If  we  are  rightly 
informed,  the  first  public  suggestion  of  sending  a  ship  of  pro- 
visions to  relieve  the  Irish  famine  was  in  a  sermon  by  him.  In 
New  Bedford,  an  Orphans'  Home  for  which  he  pleaded  "  was 
established  on  a  permanent  basis."  The  Ministry  at  Large  was 
especially  near  his  heart.  He  understood  its  methods  thor- 
oughly, and  believed  in  them.  In  conjunction  with  his  friend, 
Rev.  Frederick  T.  Gray,  he  enlisted  the  sympathy  of  many  young 
people  in  the  evening  schools  held  in  Pitts  Street  Chapel,  and 
from  his  time  dates  the  constant  sympathy  between  this  Church 
and  that  Chapel.  The  whole  subject  of  pauperism  he  had  studied 
thoroughly,  and  he  had  therefore  the  authority  of  an  expert  in 
laboring  for  the  establishment  of  the  Boston  Provident  Associa- 
tion, which  testified  its  sense  of  his  relation  to  it  by  recording 
after  his  death,  that  it  "  chiefly  owes  its  origin  "  to  him ;  "  and 
to  his  exertions,  his  power  of  engaging  others  in  its  service,  and 
to  the  public  confidence  in  his  judgment  and  good  opinion,  it  is 
indebted  for  much  of  its  subsequent  success." 

1  The  question  of   having  the  after-  cussed  ;    and   after  a  free  expression  of 

noon  service  postponed  till  evening,  and  opinion  it  was  — 

then   having  it  of   a  somewhat  different  «  F^/^^',  That,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Vestry, 
character  from  the  usual  Evening  Ser-  it  is  inexpedient  to  change  the  hour  for  the 
vice,  having  also   been    referred   by  the  second  service  in  the  Chapel  from  the  after- 
Proprietors  to  the  Wardens  and  Vestry,  noon  to  the  evening." 
it  was  now  brought   forward   and   dis- 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  509 

The  historical  order  of  events  has  already  been  traced  by 
which  the  Church  had  come  to  take  the  ground  of  absolute  in- 
dependence from  all  ecclesiastical  organizations.  This  state  of 
things  commended  itself  to  the  judgment  of  the  Society.  Al- 
though it  not  only  desired  to  remain  in  cordial  relations  with 
"  all  who  love  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  in  sincerity,"  but  was  in 
especially  intimate  relations,  informally,  with  the  Unitarian 
churches  of  Boston,  it  saw  no  cause  to  change  its  attitude  in 
this  matter.  For  this  reason,  the  Church  abstained  from  taking 
part  in  ecclesiastical  occasions,  such  as  the  installation  of  a  min- 
ister in  neighboring  societies,  where,  by  so  doing,  it  might  seem 
to  imply  that  it  had  a  right  to  interfere  therein.  But  special 
care  was  taken  to  make  it  evident  that  this  action  was  not  due 
to  an  exclusive  or  narrow  spirit,  and  that  it  was  possible  to  have 
as  hearty  a  fraternal  interest  without  the  formal  act. 

Thus,  being  invited  "  to  be  present  by  pastor  and  delegate 
and  assist  in  the  installation  "  of  Rev.  Thomas  B.  Fox  at  the 
Warren  Street  Chapel  (an  event  in  which  the  Society  had  taken 
special  interest),  Nov.  9,  1845,  the  Wardens  replied  as  follows: 

"  We  rejoice  with  you  in  your  prospect  of  having  one  for  your  minis- 
ter so  tried  and  so  successful  in  the  good  work  of  preaching  the  Gospel. 
.  .  .  We  heartily  bid  you  Godspeed,  and  we  assure  you  of  our  good-will 
and  sympathy,  and  that  it  would  give  us  joy  to  be  helpers  in  confirming 
this  new  relation,  and  witnesses  of  your  happy  union  and  fellowship. 
But  you  are  aware  that  we  are  without  a  Pastor,  and  that  we  do  not 
consider  any  of  our  number  as  forming  a  church  distinct  from  the  con- 
gregation. We  therefore  cannot  strictly  comply  with  your  invitation,  and 
divers  considerations  move  us  to  take  no  part  in  these  your  solemnities. 
We  trust,  however,  that  the  feelings  of  kindness  and  friendship  which 
have  hitherto  subsisted  between  the  members  of  our  Society  and  those  of 
your  number  whom  we  have  known  as  active  in  laying  the  foundations  of 
your  new  Society,  will  prevent  any  doubts  of  our  cordial  sympathy  in  the 
events  of  this  day  ;  and  we  hope  that  mutual  respect  and  hearty  kindness 
may  always  subsist  between  our  respective  Societies,  and  all  who  shall  take 
part,  in  your  Church  and  ours,  in  the  service  of  God,  and  the  promotion 
of  good-will  to  men." 

And,  after  Mr.  Peabody  had  become  their  Minister,  the  Parish 
abode  by  this  principle,  even  at  the  installation  of  his  friend  and 
former  colleague  at  New  Bedford,  Rev.  John  H.  Morison,  as 
Pastor  of  the  First  Church  and  Society  in  Milton.  On  this  occa- 
sion, the  following  reply  was  sent  to  the  invitation :  — 

"Christian  Brethren.  — It  is  doubtless  known  to  you  that  the  Church 
and  Society  of  King's  Chapel,  now  under  the  Pastoral  care  of  Ephraim 


510  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Peabody,  claim  no  authority  whatsoever,  advisory  or  other,  in  any  ques- 
tion between  any  people  and  their  elected  or  settled  Minister  and  Pas- 
tor. But  they  do  feel  an  interest  in  whatever  concerns  the  happiness 
and  Christian  welfare  of  their  brethren  who  profess  to  love  and  who  de- 
sire to  follow  Christ ;  and  the  Vestry  authorize  me,  in  behalf  of  ourselves 
and  our  Society,  to  make  to  you  an  affectionate  expression  of  their 
friendship,  to  assure  you  of  their  sympathy  with  you  on  the  joyful  occa- 
sion of  your  obtaining  as  your  Pastor  a  iiian  towards  whom  they  cherish 
the  most  kindly  feelings,  and  for  whom  they  entertain  the  highest  respect. 
Praying  that  the  union  you  are  about  to  form  may  be  ordered  by  the 
Giver  of  all  good  gifts  to  your  highest  and  eternal  good,  and  wishing  you 
grace,  mercy,  and  peace,  they  desire  to  remain  and  be  held  as  your 
brethren  in  the  faith  and  fellowship  of  the  Gospel. 
"  For  the  Vestry, 

"  Geo.  B.  Emerson, 

"  Senior  Warden. 
"  This  will  be  delivered  to  you  by  our  Pastor,  and  by  R.  B.  Forbes, 
who  come  to  you  as  friends  of  your  Pastor,  and  yourselves." 

Yet  again,  on  an  occasion  which  had  special  interest  for  them, 
April  21,  1853,  they  respectfully  declined  attending  by  delegate 
Rev.  Rufus  Ellis's  installation  at  the  First  Church,  although  the 
two  Societies  and  their  ministers  had  long  been,  as  they  have 
since  continued,  in  close  relations  of  Christian  friendship. 

It  should  not  be  supposed,  however,  that  this  attitude  implied 
indifference  to  the  religious  and  moral  welfare  of  other  churches 
of  the  compiunity.  Such  an  inference  is  cheaply  made,  and 
easily  pointed  with  a  sneer ;  but  nothing  can  be  more  unjust. 
It  is  due  to  the  memory  of  the  men  who  gave  character  to 
King's  Chapel,  and  who  shaped  its  policy  during  those  years,  to 
record  that  the  Church  took  its  part  in  the  charities  which  in- 
terested other  Parishes ;  and  that  its  members  were  among  the 
leading  persons  in  every  benevolent  work  in  the  community. 
In  September,  1846,  for  example,  when  Rev.  Mr.  Fox's  Society, 
which  had  increased  to  more  than  two  hundred  members,  de- 
cided to  build  a  chapel  for  themselves  and  appealed  for  aid,  they 
received  more  assistance  from  King's  Chapel  than  from  any 
other  Church.-^ 

1  This  Society  was  organized  in  order  Church  of  the  Disciples,  and  was  sold 

"  to  offer  the  privileges  of  public  worship  in  1868  partly  to  defray  the  cost  of  their 

to  those  of  limited  means,  as    well   as  present  building.     For  a  series  of  years, 

others,   at    a    comparatively   small    ex-  the  Vestry  appropriated  $150  annually 

pense."     The  seats  were  to  be  rented  at  to  aid  this  Society.     They  began  in  1846 

three   dollars   per   annum.      They   built  an  annual  appropriation  for  the  Warren 

the  Indiana  Place  Chapel,  which  subse-  Street  Chapel,  which    has  continued  to 

quently   became    the    property    of    the  the  present  time. 


THE    MINISTRY    OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  511 

The  good-will  of  the  Parish  to  charitable  objects  was  steadily 
quickened  by  the  interest  and  appeals  of  their  Minister.  It  was 
his  conviction  that  — 

"  An  eternal  law  has  joined  together  the  love  of  God  and  the  love  of 
man.  To  exist  at  all,  they  must  exist  together.  Religious  faith  is  to 
philanthropy  what  the  roots  are  to  the  branches,  —  hidden,  it  may  be 
the  source  of  their  life.  Strip  the  tree  each  successive  year  of  its  foliage, 
and  the  roots  will  die.  Cut  off  the  roots,  and  the  leaves  will  wither. 
Like  the  roots  will  be  the  religious  faith  which  puts  forth  no  branches 
laden  with  beneficent  fruits ;  like  the  foliage  separated  from  the  roots 
will  be  the  philanthropy  cut  off  from  religious  feeling  and  faith." 

In  its  relations  to  the  Benevolent  Fraternity  of  Churches,  the 
Parish  was  much  affected  by  this  attitude  of  its  Minister.  This 
membership  it  did  not  indeed  resume,  but  in  every  way  short 
of  doing  so  the  Church  began  to  show  a  fresh  interest  in  the 
cause  of  the  Ministry  at  Large.  In  1846,  February  26,  "A 
circular  issued  by  benevolent  men  calling  themselves  an  '  Exec- 
utive Committee,'  being  brought  before  the  Vestry,"  it  was 
voted,  March   31, — 

"  That  the  contributions  of  the  Church  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the 
Minister,  who  shall  make  such  disposition  thereof  as  he  may  deem  most 
proper,  giving  from  time  to  time  some  account  of  his  distribution  thereof 
to  the  Parish ;  and  that  he  may  bring  cases  calling  for  charitable  action 
before  his  people  in  such  a  way  and  time  as  he  shall  judge  fit.  And  that 
contribution  to  the  present  object  be  left  to  individuals  to  act  their  own 
pleasure." 

In  December,  1847,  the  Vestry  voted  to  address  a  circular  to 
proprietors  of  pews,  stating  the  call  of  the  treasurer  of  the  Be- 
nevolent Fraternity  of  Churches  to  aid  their  funds;  and  that  a 
collection  be  taken  in  aid  thereof.  The  collection  amounted  to 
^683.58,  and  subsequently  one  was  taken  nearly  every  year, 
with  increasing  amounts,  till  in  March,  1855,  it  was  voted  to 
circulate  a  subscription  paper  for  this  object,  in  place  of  a  col- 
lection in  the  church.  Mr.  Peabody  was  in  the  habit  of  preach- 
ing in  behalf  of  the  Ministry  at  Large  on  some  topic  connected 
with  the  subject  of  pauperism.     He  said:  — 

"  The  institution  of  the  Ministry  at  Large,  if  fully  carried  out,  would 
seem  to  come  nearer  the  ideal  system  on  our  Protestant  principles  of 
religious  faith,  than  any  that  has  been  proposed.  It  is  founded  in  reli- 
gion, but  has  the  remedy  of  human  want  for  its  primary  object,  and 
carries  with  it  the  authority  on  one  side  and  the  trust  on  the  other,  which 
religion  inspires.  It  deals  with  men  individually  as  well  as  collectively  ; 
and  deals  with  them  not  as  so  much  accumulated  though  damaged  capi- 


512  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

tal,  but  as  immortal  beings,  who  have  souls  to  be  saved  ;  while,  through 
the  ministrations  of  religion  and  the  agencies  which  it  can  employ,  it 
would  dry  up  the  great  sources  of  pauperism  and  misery  through  the 
moral  elevation  and  reformation  of  those  whom  it  aids.  It  is  not  politi- 
cal economy,  but  Christianity  dealing  with  the  poor." 

At  this  time,  indeed,  the  Ministry  at  Large,  including  the 
Warren  Street  Chapel,  had  four  places  of  worship,  and  em- 
ployed five  ministers  and  two  female  assistants.  A  large  In- 
dustrial Room  connected  with  it  employed  nearly  five  hundred 
persons;  and  besides  the  religious  ministrations  of  its  chapels 
and  its  sewing  schools,  it  maintained  free  evening  schools,  at- 
tended during  the  winter  by  nearly  a  thousand  pupils.  More 
than  two  hundred  young  men  and  women  were  connected  with 
it  as  teachers.  Mr.  Peabody  himself  led  to  these  schools  the 
young  people  of  his  Church,  and  from  this  time  dates  the  spe- 
cial interest  of  King's  Chapel  in  this  good  work.^  The  Church, 
however,  was  not  prepared  to  depart  from  its  general  rule  of 
abstaining  from  formally  associating  itself  even  in  this  charity. 
In  1852  they  received  an  invitation  to  join  the  Benevolent  Fra- 
ternity, which  being  referred  by  the  Vestry  to  the  Easter  meet- 
ing of  Proprietors,  was  referred  back  to  the  Wardens  and  Vestry 
with  full  power  to  act  as  they  should  judge  best,  and  was  by 
them  laid  on  the  table,  May  6,  1852. 

Ephraim  Peabody  was  "perhaps  the  principal  founder"  of 
the  Boston  Provident  Association.^  He  regarded  it  "  as  the 
only  effective  system  which  has  ever  been  proposed  for  a  large 
city ;  "  and  to  his  advocacy  of  it,  and  the  aid  which  his  Parish 
gave  to  the  plan,  was  due  not  a  little  of  its  successful  begin- 
ning. Yet  he  warned  his  people  against  thinking  that  he  would 
limit  their  charity.  "We  know,"  he  said,  "that  we  can  never 
repent  of  having  done  a  kind  and  benevolent  act,  provided  we 
have  done  it  considerately  and  with  a  good  purpose.  Money 
so  invested  leaves  behind  it  no  misgivings  or  regrets.  To 
regret  that  we  had  not  been  hard-hearted  and  cruel  is  to  regret 
that  we  had  not  lost  our  own  souls."  ^ 

1  These  facts  are  gathered  from  a  by  the  inveterate  preference  of  the  corn- 
manuscript  sermon  by  Mr.  Peabody.  munity   for   multitudinous    rather   than 

2  This  admirable  organization,  whose  concentrated  charity.  It  was,  however, 
object  it  is  to  do  away  with  street  beg-  the  first  and  most  successful  attempt  to 
ging  and  diminish  pauperism  by  a  sys-  grapple  with  the  subject  in  our  Ameri- 
tem  of  careful  relief  by  voluntary  visit-  can  cities,  and  was  organized  on  so  wise 
ors,  directed  from  a  central  office  with  a  plan  as  not  to  need  even  now  any  es- 
a  trained  head,  has   accomplished  vast  sential  modification. 

good,  and  has  onlv  been  prevented  from  ^  Among  the  charities   aided  by  the 

fully  realizing  all  that  was  hoped  for  it     Church  with  subscriptions  in  these  years 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  513 

In  a  community  very  slow  to  recognize  authority  in  a  new- 
comer (unless  he  dazzles  by  his  genius  or  shocks  by  his  extrav- 
agance), with  frail  health,  and  without  neglecting  the  demands 
of  an  engrossing  profession,  Dr.  Peabody  had,  in  those  few 
years,  won  the  widest  and  never  abated  confidence  for  sound- 
ness of  judgment,  discriminating  wisdom  in  charity,  practical 
sense,  and  Christian  insight.  He  used  sometimes  to  say,  that 
a  man's  ministry  in  a  place  ought  not  to  last  more  than  ten 
years,  —  that  then  he  should  begin  afresh  elsewhere.  But  his 
own  experience  here  proved  that  the  theory  does  not  always 
hold,  —  as  it  never  will  hold  where  character  is  the  basis  on 
which  a  man  builds  his  work.  Certainly,  the  continued  sta- 
bility of  the  Parish  during  the  five  full  years  which  it  remained 
without  a  Pastor, — -a  period  almost  unique  for  its  length  in  the 
history  of  American  churches,  and  one  full  of  danger  to  the 
best  interests  of  a  church,  —  goes  to  show  the  power  with  which 
his  ministry  continued  to  bless  his  people,  even  after  his  visible 
presence  was  withdrawn.^ 

Those  who  do  not  know  the  real  state  of  the  case  have  some- 
times imagined  that  in  King's  Chapel  the  Minister  might  have 
found  a  place  where  there  was  little  to  do.  But,  in  fact,  Dr. 
Peabody  was  a  hard  worker.  He  was  so  by  the  very  law  of  his 
being.  His  relations  to  the  important  charities  just  spoken  of 
sufficiently  show  this.  But  besides,  not  only  did  he  write  an 
unusually  great  number  of  sermons,  but  his  fresh,  open  mind, 
interested  in  a  large  variety  of  subjects,  continually  tracked 
knowledge  in  new  directions,  and  brought  back  the  fruits  of  his 
study  in  careful  special  preparations.  It  was  his  habit  thus  to 
group  the  reading  of  months  round  some  central  subject,  and 
then  to  fuse  the  results  into  a  lecture  or  review  article.  In  this 
way  he  treated  many  questions  of  science  or  social  morals, 
continually  enlarging  his  own  knowledge  on  many  sides.  For 
some  time  he  was  editor  of  the  "  Christian  Register,"  in  con- 
junction with  Dr.  A.  P.  Peabody  and  Mr.  Morison,  character- 
istically refusing  the  offered  compensation  for  what  he  had 
done,  because  he  thought  that  the  owner  of  the  paper  needed 
the  money  more. 

But  the  great  and  permanent  power  of  Dr.  Peabody  is  not  so 

besides  those  above  indicated,  were  the  writing   these  words,  how  perfectly  he 

"Clergymen's     Festival,"    Rev.    L.    A.  was   describing   his   own    influence  and 

Grimes's   Society   (colored),  the  Provi-  power   for  good    in   this   pulpit,   which 

dent   Association,    and    the    Children's  remained  vacant  for  more  than  six  years 

Mission.  after  the   close  of  his  own  ministry. — 

1  Little  did  Mr.  Foote  realize,  when  Editor. 
vol..  ir.  —  -x-x 


514 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


much  in  what  he  did  as  in  what  he  was.  That  undefinable 
power  of  personaHty,  which  we  feel  but  cannot  analyze  or 
understand,  was  his  to  a  remarkable  des^ree.     One  felt  it  in  the 


REV.    EPHRAIM    PEABODY,    D.D. 


quiet  reserve  of  his  silence,  and  in  the  weighty  simplicity  of  his 
speech.  It  shone  in  the  deep,  dark  eyes  that  seemed  to  read 
the  soul  with  something  of  the  knowledge,  and  with  the  charity, 
too,  of  the  All-Judging  One.  A  broad-brimmed  Quaker  in 
New  Bedford,  who  never  went  inside  his  church,  said  that  "  he 
would  pay  to  see  that  man  walk  the  streets."  A  writer  who 
knew  him  well,  now  a  Minister  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  wrote 
of  him,  — 

"  Peabody  was  ...  a  man  among  men,  with  broad  shoulders,  and 
more  of  the  spirit  of  the  people  [than  Greenwood].     Both  of  them  had 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  515 

faces  never  to  be  forgotten,  and  eyes  that  never  lost  their  hght  for 
friends.  .  .  .  Peabody's  eye  opened  to  you  the  great  ocean,  under  the 
gentle  and  solemn  stars,  in  the  deep  yet  loving  darkness  of  the  night.  .  .  . 
An  earnest,  penetrative  look,  .  .  .  his  gaze  searched  the  inner  man." 

The  dignity  and  beauty  of  his  personal  presence,  the  sincere 
depths  of  tenderness  and  strength  in  his  tones,  the  manner 
which  was  well  said  (by  Dr.  Bartol)  to  be  "  so  gentle  and  so 
grave,  it  might  be  thought  one  of  the  old  Puritans,  leaving  his 
austerity  behind,  and  keeping  all  his  righteousness,  had  appeared 
in  our  generation,"  —  all  these  were  the  expression  of  the  traits 
of  a  character  high,  true,  loving,  unselfish,  which  made  him,  as 
one  has  said,  "  a  child  to  love,  a  giant  to  lean  on."  "  In  an 
intimacy  so  long,"  continues  Dr.  Bartol,  "  I  confess  I  never 
discovered  his  voluntary  faults." 

There  was  in  him  a  certain  self-distrust  which  partly  veiled 
the  rocky  firmness  of  his  convictions;^  but  no  power  could 
have  moved  him  from  what  he  thought  to  be  his  duty.  He  had 
an  independence  which  shrank  from  the  very  appearance  of 
incurring  obligations.  In  his  early  life  in  the  West,  at  a  time 
when  straitened  means  had  compelled  him  to  sell  even  the 
wedding  presents  of  his  wife,  a  generous  friend  sent  him  a 
check  for  a  large  amount,  begging  him  to  use  it  as  his  own. 
Years  afterward  he  received  a  letter  from  tliis  gentleman,  say- 
ing that  he  found  an  error  in  his  bank  account  for  that  sum, 
which  could  only  be  explained  by  the  fact  that  Mr.  Peabody 
had  kept  the  check  unused.^  A  young  minister  who  came 
introduced  to  him  from  the  West  has  told  me  how  deeply  he 
was  impressed  by  the  simplicity  and  unworldliness  of  his  life, 
and  that  his  one  word  of  advice  to  him  was,  to  be  sure  to 
keep  his  independence  even  from  the  most  generous  of  friends.^ 

In  April,  185 1,  the  salary  of  Dr.  Peabody  was  raised  to  1^3,500, 
which  was  as  large  as  any  clergyman  in  the  city  then  received, 
and  at  the  same  time  the  Parish  voted  "  to  express  to  him  the 
warm  sympathy  which  is  felt  for  him  by  his  people  in  his  pres- 
ent illness."  Three  years  later,  a  further  increase  was  voted, 
but  was  declined  by  him  in  the  following  letter :  — 

Boston,  April  24,  1S54. 
My  dear  Sir,  —  I  desire  to  express  to  you,  and  through  you  to  the 
members  of  the  Society,  my  warmest  thanks  for  their  vote  yesterday  to 

1  "  He  was  ever  entering  into  his  l:)rought  him  fifty  dollars  just  as  he  was 
closet  and  shutting  the  door."  —  ISartol.  leaving  home,  as  small   pay  for  Register 

2  That  unused  check  is  still  among  articles;  but  I  saw  Mr.  Peabody  give  it 
the  treasures  of  his  family.  back  to  him.      I  remember  remonstrat- 

*  "  Mr.  Reed,  of  the  Chistian  Register,     ing."  —  Private  Letter. 


5l6  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

raise  my  salary  to  $4,000.  I  am  deeply  sensible  of  the  friendly  regard 
which  prompted  their  action,  and  few  things  can  be  of  so  much  value  to 
me  as  the  existence  of  that  regard,  and  few  things  so  gratifying  as  any 
expression  of  it.  But  while  I  say  this  in  the  strongest  terms,  for  a  variety 
of  reasons,  under  present  circumstances,  I  would  prefer  to  retain  all  the 
kindness,  but  without  the  pecuniary  advantage. 

Let  no  one  imagine  that  I  do  this  from  any  trivial  reason,  and  least  of 
all  that  I  do  it  from  any  insensibility  to  a  good-will  which  is  to  me  beyond 
price  ;  or  because  it  is  anything  but  a  pleasure  to  have  the  opportunity 
of  being  grateful.  I  should  think  that  I  was  doing  as  much  injustice  to 
the  Society  as  to  myself  if  I  met  their  open-handed  liberality  in  any  spirit 
less  frank  than  their  own.  I  have,  however,  no  fear  of  misunderstanding 
them,  or  of  being  misunderstood  by  them.  But  for  reasons  growing  in 
part  out  of  their  own  kindness,  and  in  part  because  of  more  general  rea- 
sons that  relate  to  those  general  interests  of  religion  which  we  all  have  at 
heart,  and  which  may  receive  harm  from  the  very  liberality  by  which  I 
might  be  benefited,  I  most  respectfully  and  yet  most  gratefully  decline 
taking  advantage  of  their  generous  vote. 

With  great  respect,  most  truly  yours, 

Ephraim  Peabody. 

C.  H.  Mills,  Esq.,  \  j^^,,^^^,^,^ 

George  Gardner,  Esq.,  ) 

Upon  the  receipt  of  this  letter  the  Parish  took  action  as  fol- 
lows, on  May  7th  :  — 

Fofed  wianivwHsly,  The  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel  have  received 
with  feelings  of  sincere  respect  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Wardens  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Peabody,  and  read  at  their  last  meeting.  They  fully  appre- 
ciate the  disinterested  and  delicate  motives  which  have  prompted  their 
Pastor  to  decline  the  increase  of  salary  which  they  were  anxious  to  grant, 
and  to  which  it  would  have  afforded  them  gratification  that  he  should 
have  acceded.  In  a  matter  of  such  a  nature  they  feel,  however,  that  his 
wishes  should  guide  their  action ;  but  they  cannot  forbear  to  express 
their  regret  at  l)eing  thus  dep)rived  of  the  opportunity  of  manifesting 
in  a  substantial  form  their  affection  for  him,  and  their  gratitude  for 
his  services. 

The  last  years  of  his  ministry  were  cast  in  an  angry  and 
stormy  time,  when  the  pent-up  floods  of  our  national  trouble 
were  already  undermining  the  barrier  that  had  restrained  them 
so  long.  But  at  a  time  that  so  tried  men's  souls  "  he  blew  no 
trumpet  before  him  but  the  Gospel  trumpet,  and  could  not  be 
persuaded,  like  some,  to  turn  that  into  the  bugle  or  the  fife."^ 
The  excited  state  of  the  public  mind  at  that  time  is  shown  by 
the  following  incident:  — 

1  Dr.  Bartol. 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  517 

Just  before  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion,  John  T.  Sargent  preached 
[in  the  Second  Congregational  Church  of  Marblehead].  His  fame  as  an 
anti-slavery  preacher,  and  the  excitement  then  existing  on  national  affairs, 
called  forth  a  large  audience.  Every  seat  was  filled,  and  the  sermon  was 
one  of  the  most  radical  kind  from  that  most  radical  preacher.  But  the 
most  remarkable  thing  to  be  noticed  was  that  not  one  of  the  audience 
left  till  the  services  were  concluded.  After  the  services,  the  Deacon  said 
to  him,  "Was  not  that  a  rather  peculiar  sermon,  Mr.  Sargent?"  "I 
think  so ;  it  was  written  for  and  delivered  at  a  disunion  convention 
in  Worcester,  and  I  placed  the  text  at  its  head  after  I  came  into  the 
pulpit."  The  text  was,  "  I  see  a  seething  pot;  and  the  face  thereof  is 
toward  the  North."  ^ 

Of  decided  personal  convictions  for  freedom  and  justice,  Dr. 
Peabody  yet  held,  by  the  whole  character  of  his  mind,  a 
moderate  and  peace-loving  ground.  He  preached  to  his  people 
that  "  the  good  citizen  will  regard  the  place  where  he  casts  his 
vote  as  scarcely  less  sacred  than  the  pavements  of  a  church ;  " 
but  he  did  not  believe  that  the  church  was  the  place  to  discuss 
how  he  should  cast  his  vote.  He  sought  to  help  men  to  right 
action  on  the  political  and  moral  questions  of  the  time  by  lift- 
ing them  into  that  higher  atmosphere  of  the  fear  of  God,  from 
which  they  could  look  at  their  duty  aright.  For  this  he  was 
sharply  spoken  of.^  To  say  that  Dr.  Peabody  felt  such  slurs,  is 
to  say  that  he  was  a  man.     He  once  wrote,  — 

"  The  course  which  I  suppose  to  be  the  fitting  one  for  the  pulpit  is 
often  stigmatized  as  cowardly  and  time-serving.  These  are  not  pleasant 
words.  They  involve  a  charge  easily  made,  and  not  willingly  borne.  I 
suppose  the  best  way  to  prove  its  injustice  is  not  by  answering  it  con- 
temptuously, but  by  pursuing  calmly  a  course  which  appears  right." 

And  he  closes  a  sermon  on  the  subject  with  these  words :  — 

"  But  is  one  to  be  silent  on  these  great  questions ;  a  dumb  dog  that 
never  speaks;  a  watchman  that  gives  no  warning?  Silent?  Certainly 
not.  And  who  is  there  that  needs  to  use  the  pulpit  in  order  to  utter 
aught  that  he  may  have  to  say  ;    and  where  are  they  who  are  not  quite 

1  S.  P.  Hathaway,  Jr.  The  Second  ments  of  Dr.  Peabody's  motives,  which 
Congregational  Church  in  Marblehead.  were  as  unjust  as  they  were  ungentle, 
Essex  Institute,  Hist.  Coll.  xxii.  99.  Mr.  and  which  chiefly  hurt  the  reputation  of 
Sargent  was  a  class-mate,  in  the  Harvard  him  who  has  allowed  imputations  on  a 
Divinity  School,  of  Dr.  Peabody.  See  good  and  true  man's  honor  to  stain  his 
ante,  p.  469  and  note.  page.     See  letter  from  Theodore  Parker 

2  The  author  of  a  recent  biography  of  to  Millard  Fillmore  in  O.  B.  Frothing- 
one  who  was  foremost  in  the  stormiest  ham's  Theodore  Parker:  A  Bio'^raphy, 
agitations  of  the  time,  has  made  the  mis-  p.  411. 

take  of  embalming  the  sneering  misjudg- 


5l8  ANNALS   OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

ready  enough  to  proclaim  all  they  think  and  feel?     Who  of  us  is  in 
danger  from  too  great  silence  on  these  subjects? 

"  I  do  not  introduce  such  discussions  here,  then,  not  because  I  think 
them  unimportant,  or  that  I  do  not  have  convictions  respecting  them, 
or  that  I  do  not  habitually  propose  to  make  such  convictions  known 
and  to  act  on  them  in  such  ways  and  at  such  times  as  I  may  judge 
to  be  useful ;  but  because  I  think  it  better  for  those  whom  I  see  here 
from  Sunday  to  Sunday  —  these  persons,  the  aged  and  the  young, 
men  and  women ;  persons  who  have  other  sources  of  information  on 
such  subjects  —  that  this  place  should  be  kept  apart  from  the  strifes 
of  the  hour,  should  be  associated  with  thoughts  and  habits  of  wor- 
ship ;  that  they  who  enter  here  should,  by  the  associations  which 
silently  gather  within  the  shadow  of  these  arches,  be  reminded  of  peace- 
ful, kindly  thoughts  towards  man,  and  of  a  common  devotion  to  their 
Maker.  I  hope  there  are  many  other  hours  and  places  consecrated  to 
the  worship  of  God,  but  at  the  least  let  this  be  so.  The  world  and  its 
passions,  the  interests  of  the  day,  and  even  the  great  social  interests  and 
questions  of  the  time,  so  far  as  they  are  connected  with  parties  and  with 
passions,  occupy  at  least  their  proportionate  share  of  time  and  thought. 
That  our  own  hearts  may  preserve  their  faith,  that  the  interests  of  society 
may  have  a  permanent  basis,  that  philanthropy  and  humanity  may  have 
a  continuous  life,  that  the  interests  we  value  may  have  a  solid  founda- 
tion, the  first  thing  to  be  cherished  is  religious  reverence  ;  and  to  this  end 
let  this  place  be  preserved  as  a  place  sacred  to  the  worship  of  the  Most 
High.  Let  it  be  a  fountain  in  the  weary  and  heated  waste,  where  we 
may  meet  as  brethren  in  the  worship  of  a  common  Father,  and  where  in 
the  peacefulness  of  the  hour  our  better  and  kinder  thoughts  and  our 
holier  purposes  may  gain  refreshment  and  strength." 

In  regard  to  the  question  whether  he  had  been  bold  enough 
on  questions  of  public  concern,  Dr.  Bartol  wrote,  — 

''  Anxious  myself  on  this  point,  I  must  say,  in  my  humble  apprehen- 
sion, groundless  was  his  doubt." 

And  Mr.  Weiss  adds :  — 

"  I  call  to  mind  that  his  constitutional  cautiousness,  when  brought  out 
by  the  subject  of  slavery,  was  the  cause  of  much  misrepresentation  and 
a  violent  imputation  of  unworthy  motives  to  him.  .  .  .  But  it  is  as  fool- 
ish to  suspect  a  pure,  sensitive,  and  disinterested  character  of  an  unworthy 
motive  as  it  is  to  attribute  the  darkness  to  the  stars.  A  more  sweet  and 
sanctified  spirit  than  Mr.  Peabody  has  not  lived  in  these  latter  days.  .  .  . 
And  his  cautiousness  was  as  unprompted  by  calculation  as  his  reverence. 
He  expressed  everywhere  and  upon  all  subjects  the  simple  sincerity  of 
his  mental  and  spiritual  state."  ^ 

^  "  Have  you  read  or  seen  what  Peleg  He  travelled  with  him  in  Europe,  and 
Chandler   wrote   and  thought  of  him  ?     wrote  one  year  after  his  death  a  second 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  519 

Gentle  and  generous  in  his  judgments  of  others,  he  was  yet 
gifted  with  an  almost  unerring  insight  into  character;  and  that 
winged  the  arrows  of  his  public  speech  straight  to  his  hearers' 
deepest  needs.  "  He  had  much  of  that  one  of  the  Apostolic 
gifts,  the  discerning  of  spirits.  .  .  .  He  weighed  men  in  scales 
of  diamond  delicacy,  and  a  ponderous  beam."  ^  One  of  his 
best  friends  in  this  Parish  said  of  him,  that  "  he  saw  through 
him  and  preached  at  him."  It  was  not  through  scholarship 
that  his  influence  came.  He  was  not  a  profound  student:  his 
health  and  his  work  made  that  impossible,  though  his  thirst  for 
knowledge  made  him  fill  his  mind  with  the  best  light  from  books 
and  from  other  men.  But  his  influence  was  due  to  his  simplicity, 
self-abnegation,  purity,  and  transparency.  A  little  girl  who  was 
brought  once  to  this  church  to  hear  him,  when  her  mother  asked 
how  it  seemed  to  her,  said,  '*  It  made  me  think  of  the  beauty 
of  holiness." 

The  severity  of  Dr.  Peabody's  mental  and  moral  rectitude  was 
lighted  up  by  the  gift  of  a  poetic  sensibility,  which  in  his  earlier 
years  he  freely  indulged  in  his  writings.  In  later  years,  though 
he  strove  to  repress  this  gift  with  an  excess  of  care,  he  fortu- 
nately could  never  wholly  subdue  it.  To  his  own  mind,  his 
verse  was  only  the  pastime  of  an  idle  hour.  As  he  wrote  (1852) 
in  his  Poem  at  Bowdoin  College:  — 

"  No  poet  asks  your  ears:  but  as  a  brook 
May  catch  some  sunlight  in  an  opening  nook, 
My  slight  memorial  lines  I  fain  would  dream 
May  take  a  consecration  from  their  theme." 

But  when,  in  his  free  hours,  he  was  moved  to  such  expression, 
his  poetry  flowed  with  genuine  sweetness  and  power.  This  was 
especially  the  case  in  the  beauty  and  freedom  of  Naushon, 

This  delicate  play  of  imagination  shows  itself  in  the  illustra- 
tions which  he  could  not  wholly  banish:  thus  he  said,  in  his 
Installation  sermon  here,  — 

"To  make  a  catalogue  of  duties  is  not  the  best  way  of  insuring  their 
performance.  They  are  but  the  line  of  foam  on  the  beach,  which  shows 
how  high  the  tide  rises,  but  does  not  make  it  rise.  There  must  be  a 
principle  beneath  the  rules." 

notice.     He   loved  and  appreciated  his  keen  sense  of  humor,  of  which  you  make 

childlike  purity  and  his  wisdom:  'wise  no  mention."  —  Fnmi  a  private  letter  to 

as  a  serpent,  harmless  as  a  dove.'  ...  I  Mr.  Footc.  —  Editor. 
wish  you  could  see  some  of  Mr.  Chand-  1  Dr.  Bartol. 

ler's  letters  about  him  ;  he  speaks  of  his 


520  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

And  when,  at  rare  intervals,  he  gave  play  to  his  descriptive 
power,  the  picture  was  a  poem.  To  illustrate  this  quality  we 
copy  here  a  fragment  from  his  sermon  after  returning  from 
Europe :  — 

"  They  rise  before  the  backward-looking  thought,  .  .  .  the  cities  of 
those  centres  where  our  modern  civilization  struggled  upward  through 
a  thousand  years  of  storm  and  conflict.  Or  great  rivers  descending  to 
northern  and  to  southern  seas,  rivers  bridged  over  by  history,  .  .  .  rivers 
whose  waters  flowed  through  the  gloomy  forests  of  the  north,  or  descend- 
ing towards  the  south  mingled  their  murmurs  with  the  first  cadences  of 
modern  song  ;  ...  or  that  southern  land,  ...  its  belt  of  shore  studded 
with  shining  towns,  and  that  wondrous  sea  where  the  very  sails  seem  to 
slumber  as  if  charmed  into  repose  in  the  harmony  of  water  and  shore 
and  sky.  Or  following  the  great  procession  of  history,  the  central  re- 
gions of  the  same  land,  where  you  by  degrees  become  conscious  of  a 
new  existence  ;  where  it  is  not  only  a  new  world  but  you  yourself  who 
are  transformed  ;  where  the  beauty  is  not  in  Art  solely,  nor  temple,  nor 
hill,  nor  stream,  nor  sky  ;  but  where  in  all  and  over  all  hovers  the  element 
of  the  Beautiful,  blending,  reconciling,  and  harmonizing  all,  —  beauty 
shining  from  the  sky,  and  reflected  from  plain  and  hill,  from  ancient 
ruins  and  cultivated  fields,  and  trickling  in  the  music  of  every  peasant 
woman's  voice  as  she  laughs  amid  her  labors,  and  an  atmosphere  in 
whose  transparent  and  crystal  folds  it  seems  as  if  no  cloud  or  stain 
could  have  ever  hung.  ...  Or  that  Alpine  centre  of  the  world,  .  .  . 
where,  high  above  the  vexed  and  troubled  earth,  the  great  peaks  sit 
enthroned  in  eternal  calm  amidst  their  silence  and  their  snows." 

But  the  exquisite  grace  of  his  fancy  found  its  fullest  play  in 
his  conversation,  where  his  wisdom  and  humor  blended  like 
warmth  and  light  in  a  summer's  day.  To  copy  again  from  the 
characterization  of  Mr.  Weiss:  — 

"  It  was  a  continuous,  unpremeditated  overflow  of  clear,  sparkling, 
gentle  waters.  It  appeared  as  if  his  mind,  having  filled  up  with  its  natu- 
ral variety,  quietly  let  it  ripple  over  the  margin  of  his  lips.  ...  It  was 
not  a  talk,  but  a  release  of  ideas.  .  .  .  Facts  from  books,  from  travel, 
and  from  human  life,  bright  touches  of  personal  character,  sensible  re- 
sults of  experience,  were  all  in  this  escape  of  his  mind's  fulness,  with 
a  grave  mood  occasionally  passing  over  it  as  from  the  shadow  of  a  tran- 
quil wing.  How  willingly  he  let  the  mirtli  of  others  break  into  his  laps- 
ing talk,  and  what  a  pleasant  repartee  would  come,  after  just  a  moment's 
hesitation  or  lingering  over  the  act,  like  the  occurring  of  ripples  in  a 
serene  course.  But  his  mind  seemed  most  naturally  engaged  in  the 
equable  diffusion  of  its  own  surplus,  to  deposit  golden  instruction  and 
suggestion  quietly  by  the  way,  not  to  leap  wide  in  flashes,  nor  to  settle  in 
deep  pools.  His  conversation  was  the  autumn  harvesting  of  a  tempe- 
rate zone  ;  and  his  preaching  was  a  more  elevated  conversation." 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM   PEABODY.  $21 

But  the  preaching  was  deeper  and  more  serious  than  that 
More  and  more  he  strove  in  it  to  present  the  simple,  definite 
principles  of  Christian  living,  unadorned  and  even  bare.  A 
few  weeks  before  his  death,  he  said :  "  I  have  got  tired  of  rhe- 
toric, even  in  speeches.  I  want  no  man  to  come  over  me  with 
his  words.  I  prefer  the  plain  prosaic  bread  of  truth,  no  matter 
how  dull  and  simple.  The  truth  !  We  have  got  finally  to  stand 
upon  it;  and  I  thank  no  man  for  trying  to  glorify  or  hide  it  by 
his  rhetoric."  In  the  words  of  his  near  friend  and  classmate/ 
Dr.  Putnam,  — 

"  He  was  always  an  impressive  preacher ;  but,  not  being  largely  en- 
dowed with  those  subtle  gifts  of  constitutional  temperament  that  consti- 
tute natural  eloquence  and  a  born  orator,  his  reliance  for  effectiveness 
was  upon  the  authority  of  the  divine  word  he  proclaimed,  upon  the  eternal 
majesty  of  God's  law,  the  unspeakable  preciousness  of  His  love,  and 
the  instinctive  responsiveness  of  the  human  heart  and  conscience  to 
that  law  and  love.  And  his  further  reliance  was  upon  what  he  was  ut- 
terly unconscious  of,  the  apostolic  gravity,  simplicity,  sincerity,  and  weight 
of  his  own  presence  and  character.  This  gave  a  charm  and  a  power 
to  whatever  he  said,  though  he  knew  it  not.  '  He  wist  not  that  his  face 
shone.'  "  ^ 

The  sum  of  all  his  preaching,  as  he  committed  it  with  dying 
lips  to  his  friend,  to  bring  to  this  place  as  his  farewell  message 
to  his  people,  was  this :  — 

"Tell  them,"  he  said,  "tell  them  from  me,  that  as  I  love  them  I  de- 
sire nothing  for  them  in  comparison  with  this,  that  they  be  individually, 
decisively,  consistently  Christian,  in  mind  and  life.  Tell  them  T  say  it 
from  within  the  shadow  of  the  grave,  and  in  view  of  the  eternal  world. 
Tell  them  —  as  I  would,  but  cannot  —  how  important  I  deem  it  that  the 
children  and  youth  of  the  Parish  should  be  early  trained  in  the  system- 
atic knowledge  of  Christian  principles.  Tell  them  to  lean  with  entire 
confidence  and  unreserve  on  the  authority  of  Christ  as  the  revealer  of 
God.  The  natural  creation,"  he  said,  "  reveals  but  half  of  God.  The 
pitiful,  the  tender  God,  the  Father,  such  as  we  all  want  to  fly  to,  —  whom 
such  poor  weak  ones  as  I  am,  at  least,  cannot  do  without,  —  is  only  re- 
vealed, and  is  truly  revealed,  by  the  tender  and  pitiful  Christ.  [Then, 
looking  where  on  the  wall  a  little  moss-covered  cross  and  a  picture  of 
his  early  home  hung  from  the  same  nail]  .  .  .  O  my  friend,  depend 
upon  it,  no  theory  of  human  life  can  stand  which  leaves  that  out,  the 
Cross  ! "  8 

1  In    the    Harvard    Divinity    School.  2  ]viemorial  Sermon  preached  in  King's 
The   class   of   1830   included   also    Dr.  Chapel,  December  7, 1S56,  by  George  Put- 
Stephen    G.   Bulfinch,    Dr.   George    VV.  nam,  p.  10. 
Hosmer,  and  Rev.  John  T.  Sargent.  ^  7/;/^'.,  pp.  n,  12. 


522  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

The  same  care  which  had  guarded  the  beautiful  building  that 
had  come  down  to  the  Proprietors  of  the  church  as  a  trust  was 
faithfully  continued,  as  the  Vestry  records  abundantly  show.  In 
March,  1847,  ^  P^^i^  ^^^s  proposed  for  ventilating  the  building  by 
an  opening  in  the  centre  of  each  of  the  groined  arches  of  the  gal- 
leries, —  a  necessity  which  could  hardly  have  been  felt  under 
the  old  methods  of  heating,  by  which  the  air  was  not  vitiated  as 
in  later  improvements.  January  27,  1848,  authority  was  given  to 
consult  Dr.  Morrill  Wyman  as  to  the  effect  of  opening  a  large 
ventilator  in  the  centre  of  the  ceiling;  and  in  March  the  experi- 
ment of  ventilating  by  an  opening  in  the  rear  of  the  organ  loft 
was  ordered,  it  being  understood  that,  if  this  should  be  found 
objectionable,  the  other  expedient  of  an  opening  in  the  ceiling 
should  be  resorted  to.  This  was  done  before  March  i,  1849, 
when  satisfaction  was  expressed  with  the  new  arrangement.  In 
April,  1847,  it  was  voted  to  train  ivy  and  vines  on  the  north  and 
east  walls  of  the  Chapel ;  but  that  softening  grace  of  many  a 
building  in  the  Old  World  is  coy  to  yield  a  like  charm  under 
New-England  skies.  In  June,  1847,  it  was  voted  to  point  the 
outer  walls  of  the  church,  at  a  cost  of  not  over  $450.  In  Novem- 
ber, 1846,  the  hot-air  pipes  of  the  furnace  were  replaced  with 
copper.  In  April,  1849,  a  furnace  was  ordered  for  the  west  end 
of  the  building,  costing  $243.14;  the  next  November,  another  at 
the  east  end,  costing  $211.95;  ^"^  in  February,  1856,  a  brick 
floor  and  repairs  were  made  in  the  cellar,  at  a  cost  of  $507.00. 
In  1852  a  new  carpet  was  ordered  for  the  gallery  stairs,  and  the 
telegraphic  fire-alarm  was  introduced.  In  the  same  year  one 
of  the  very  few  changes  which  have  been  made  in  the  interior 
of  the  church  was  authorized,  the  Wardens  being  empowered 
to  alter  the  Clerk's  desk  to  a  pew.^ 

1  Cf.  ante,  p.  470,  note.     The  change  to  hear  their  last  sermon  before   execution. 

was   not   made    till  after   May    i,    1S59,  My  aunt,    Mrs.  W.  Lyman,  remembers  the 

when    the    Proprietors    authorized    Mr.  same  thing  ;  so  I  tlnnk  that  there  can  be  no 

William  Amory  to  thereby  enlarge  his  doubt  of  the  fact. 

,,.      o    V    I                ■       ..           t         *i  I  remember  as  late  as  1S40  the  old  negro 

pew  (No.  82  ,  he  agreeing  to  restore  the  ,     ,                .          iw    .1           t  c 

£_,/                           °^,_.,  pew  perched  up  on  the  wall  to  the  west  of 

Desk  npon  request  of  the  Parish.  '        '                '',  ^            ^^  ^^,,,  .,^  ,.n„nri 

^ ,'    „       /      ,             .        z-  •                 .  <he   orran  ;   and  I    can  see  now  the  lound, 

The  followmg  letter  is  01  interest  in  ^    .    "            ,  ,,     y,^^.^^   iv,v=  ir>ni.in(T  m-pr 

^  staring  eves  of  the  little    iNigs    looKmg  o^er 

this  connection:  —                  _  ^^^  p^^  g^„g  jo^,.„  p„  j^  „s  white  folks,  as 

April  22,  1S72.  ^^g   ^g^j   j^^gt   Jq^^    tl^e   gallery   stairs.      I 

My  dear   Mr.    Foote,  —  My   mother  wish  the  two  old  pews  had  been  left. 

has  often  told  me  of  her  childish   dread  of  Yours  most  truly, 

passing  the  old  pew  [No.  42]  which  used  to  Francis  Brooks. 

stand  where  the  Soldiers'  Monument  now  is.  ^       „   ™   pqq.j.j. 
She  had  more  than  once  heard  the  clanking 

of  the  prisoners'  chains  in  this  pew,  as  she  _           ,    ,  ,       111 

hurried  past  on  her  wav  to  the  gallery  stairs.  The  "  seats  intended  for  blacks  were 

The  poor  fellows  were  brought  to  the  Chapel  ordered  to  be  removed  "  July  20,  1844. 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY  523 

The  custom  of  burial  beneath  the  church,  inherited  by  th.e 
Society  from  its  EngUsh  ancestry,  had  been  regulated  as  far  as 
the  Parish  could  control  it  in  April,  1828,  when  the  "  Strangers' 
Tomb  "  was  closed.  This  tomb  occupies  the  space  beneath  the 
church  tower,  and  while  the  sexton  had  the  given  perquisite  of 
interment  in  it,  it  was  remarked  that  this  tomb  never  became  full. 
In  1854  all  else  was  done  that  could  be  done  without  interfering 
with  the  rights  of  the  private  owners  (who  were,  in  many  cases, 
not  members  of  the  Parish),  in  regard  to  repairing  and  regulat- 
ing the  use  of  tombs.  They  were  "  closed  with  brick  and  the 
wooden  doors  removed;  the  cellar  floor  was  also  laid  with 
brick,"  1  to  prevent  the  annoyance  from  dust  which  penetrated 
through  the  floor  into  the  church  above. 

Meanwhile,  the  church  became  enriched  with  memorials  of  the 
dead.  In  February,  1853,  the  Vestry  authorized  the  erection  of  a 
tablet  to  the  memory  of  Thomas  Newton,  by  the  descendant  who 
has  recorded  his  name  on  the  monument  ;^  in  November,  1854, 
they  authorized  another  to  the  memory  of  Samuel  Appleton,^ 
to  be  erected  by  his  executors  in  conjunction  with  the  Vestry; 
and  in  October,  1856,  the  monument  to  Hon.  John  LowelH  was 
authorized. 

In  February,  1848,  the  Church  suffered  a  loss  by  the  retire- 
ment of  Hon.  Samuel  Atkins  Eliot  from  the  Vestry,  after  a 
service  of  twenty-one  years,  and  from  the  practical  control 
of  the  music,  to  which  he  had  given  a  character  which  long 
rendered  the  Church  pre-eminent  in  the  city  for  the  religious 
taste  and  feeling  of  its  services.  In  returning  "  the  keys  of 
the  organ  and  church  doors  which  have  been  in  my  possession, 
as  committee  on  music  in  whole  or  in  part,  for  twenty-one 
years,"  Mr.  Eliot  expressed  — 

"  the  wish  to  retain  the  control  of  the  manuscript  music  belonging  to  me, 
as  I  have  collected  it  from  various  sources,  and  it  has  constituted  a  large 
proportion  of  the  music  peculiar  to  our  Church.  The  associations  with 
it  are  of  deeper  interest  to  me  than  they  can  be  to  any  one  else,  having 
relations  to  both  of  the  two  last  ministers,  whose  labors  have  been  so 
valuable  and  delightful  to  the  Church,  especially  to  the  last,  and  to  two 
young  associates  whose  uncommon  musical  talents  and  excellent  char- 
acters were  lost  to  us  before  they  were  fully  developed." 

The  greater  part  of  the  choir  had  been  associated  with  Mr. 
Eliot  in  these  services  for  many  years.^     Mr.    Eliot  sang   the 

1  Vestry  Records.     See  p.  6\(),  post.  3  cj^g  p   t^^^,  post. 

2  The   inscription  is  printed  in  full,  *  See  p.  466,  a?ile. 

ante,  i.  182.  ^  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henderson  iiad  sung 


524  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

bass,  and  although  much  engaged  in  pubHc  duties,  had  allowed 
nothing  to  interfere  with  his  regular  part  in  the  services  of  the 
Church,  even  going  from  his  place  there,  on  a  memorable 
occasion,  to  quell  the  "  Broad  Street  Riot "  while  Mayor  of  the 
city.  The  Vestry  expressed  the  feeling  of  the  whole  Society 
in  voting  — 

"  That  the  Warden  and  Vestry  hear  with  very  great  regret  Mr.  Eliot's 
wish  to  resign  his  charge  of  the  music  of  the  Chapel,  which  he  has  had 
for  more  than  twenty  years  ;  during  which  time  the  music  has  been  dis- 
tinguished for  an  appropriateness,  solemnity,  and  beauty  which  we  believe 
to  be  unequalled  by  the  music  of  any  choir  with  which  we  have  been 
acquainted."  ^ 

After  Mr.  Eliot's  withdrawal  from  this  charge,  the  Society  was 
fortunate  in  being  able  to  give  it  into  the  hands  of  Dr.  George 
Derby,  who  retained  it  (by  his  own  wish  without  compensation), 
to  the  great  satisfaction  of  the  congregation,  until  Easter,  1856, 
when  he  retired  from  its  direction.  In  February,  1853,  the 
Vestry  had  voted  to  convey  to  him  their  "  cordial  thanks  for  his 
valuable  services,  by  which  the  music  has  been  conducted  with 
the  good  taste  and  nice  adaptation  to  devotional  expression  for 
which  it  has  been  so  long  distinguished,"  and  on  his  retirement 
they  presented  him  with  valuable  books,  as  an  expression  of 
regard.^ 

In  speaking  of  Dr.  Peabody's  own  work  as  Pastor  of  this 
congregation,  notice  should  be  taken  of  his  admirable  plan  for 
a  course  of"  Christian  instruction  in  the  Church."  To  quote  his 
own  words,  — 

there  for  twenty  years,  Mr.  Whiting  for  vices  of  the  Church,  he  later  recalled  a 

nearly  fourteen  years,  and  Mr.   Comer  little  incident :  "  When  taking  charge  of 

had  been  organist  nearly  seventeen  years,  the  choir,  I  was  regarded  as  a  radical  in 

The  young  men  alluded  to  were  David  music,   and   the   elderly    people   feared 

Carter  and  John  D.  Labree.  shocking  innovations.     On  looking  over 

It  was  at  this  time  (February,  184S)  the  music-books  left  in  the  choir  by  my 

that  Mr.  Martin  Smith  resigned  the  office  predecessors,  I  found  it  would  be  neces- 

of  Sexton,  after  an  incumbency  of  thirty-  sary  to  buy  more  to  complete  the  sets. 

six  years.  These  books  were  known  then,  as  now, 

1  Mr.  Eliot   died   January   29,    1862.  by  titles  borrowed  very  often  from  in- 

Mr.    Foote   preached   a    memorial    ser-  struments  of    music  referred   to  in  the 

mon  in  the  Chapel  on  February  2  fol-  Bible ; "  he  told  one  of  the  church  offi- 

lowing.  —  Editor.  cers  "  that  to  organize  our  choir  properly 

■^  Dr.  Derby  was  the  brother-in-law  of  it  would  be  necessary  to  buy  four  '  Tim- 

Dr.  Peabody.     His  services  during  the  brels,'  three  '  Psalterys,'  and  two  or  three 

war  and  as  Secretary  of  the  Massachu-  '  Shawms' and 'Modern  Harps.'    He  was 

setts  Board  of  Health  will  be  long  re-  terribly  shocked  until  I  could  explain  that 

membered.     In  connection  with  the  ser-  these  were  not  instruments,  but  books." 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    EPHRAIiM    PEABODY.  525 

"  In  giving  religious  instruction,  it  is  assumed  at  the  outset  that  it 
relates  to  a  supernatural  religion.  It  is  assumed  not  only  that  the  visible 
and  invisible  worlds  are  connected,  but  that  in  some  way,  and  of  neces- 
sity in  supernatural  ways,  'their  relations  have  been  revealed.  .  .  .  We 
teach  the  Christian  religion.  VVe  assume  it  to  be  authoritative.  .  .  . 
We  do  not  feel  called  upon  to  prove  from  the  light  of  Nature  that  each 
thing  which  Christ  said  is  true,  but  assume  that  His  saying  it  is  sufficient 
evidence  of  its  truth.  .  .  .  The  object  is,  to  train  up  a  child  as  a  Christian 
from  the  beginning." 

In  conformity  with  these  principles,  he  laid  out  the  course 
of  teaching.  Young  children  were  to  be  taught  chosen  hymns 
and  passages  of  Scripture,  till  they  became  a  part  of  the 
mind  itself.  From  ten  to  fourteen  they  were  to  be  carried 
through  a  careful  course  on  the  history  and  biography  of  the 
Old  Testament  and  of  the  New  Testament,  and  of  the  geography, 
customs,  etc.,  which  illustrate  the  history  or  instructions  of  the 
Bible.  In  the  Advanced  Department  (from  fifteen  years  up- 
ward), they  were  to  pursue  a  course  of  instruction  on  practical 
religion,  personal  duties.  Christian  Doctrine,  and  on  the  history  of 
the  Christian  Church.  Mr.  Peabody  was  interested  to  improve 
the  Sunday  School  teaching  not  only  in  his  own  Church,  but 
beyond  it,  and  took  a  considerable  part  in  the  preparation  of  a 
series  of  text-books,  among  the  most  satisfactory  that  have 
been  used  in  Unitarian  churches. 

It  fell  to  his  lot  to  speak  of  many  who  had  passed  from  the 
company  who  heard  him  into  the  world  of  spirits,  and  to  impress 
the  enduring  lessons  from  many  faithful  and  true  lives.  He  felt 
the  seriousness  of  the  great  change.  "  Let  it  stand,"  he  said,  "  a 
dread,  mysterious  image,  half  buried  in  the  sands,  yet  ever 
pointing  upwards,  and  welcoming  with  strange  music  the  rising 
of  the  sun.  Its  silence  is  sublimest  speech.  They  mistake  the 
order  of  Providence  and  the  nature  of  man  who  strive  to  make 
death  an  unimportant  thing."  The  congregation  to  which  he 
preached  contained  not  a  few  of  the  men  and  women  who  have 
given  Boston  its  character, —  upright,  honorable,  public-spirited, 
firm  in  their  convictions  in  religion  and  in  politics,  the  natural 
leaders  of  the  cominunity.  Of  such  it  was  easy  for  him  to  speak 
out  of  the  intimacy  with  which  he  knew  them.  In  merchants 
like  Patrick  T.  Jackson  and  Robert  G.  Sliaw  and  Samuel 
Appleton,  it  was  not  the  worldly  success  but  the  personal  qual- 
ity which  he  made  prominent  in  his  discourse.  When  he  spoke 
of  Rev.  Dr.  Francis  Parkman  (the  father  of  the  historian),  who 
was  his  parishioner,  it  was   not  to  dwell  on  his  clerical  promi- 


526  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

nence,  but  rather  on  his  charity  and  goodness  of  heart,  "  the 
beautiful  quahty  which  led  him  to  give  an  unfailing,  respectful 
attention  to  those  with  whom  the  world  had  gone  hardly." 
When  he  spoke  of  jurists,  like  Judges  Charles  Jackson  and 
Samuel  S.  Wilde,  it  was  not  to  pay  formal  respect  to  their 
high  office,  but  to  make  clear  the  lesson  to  be  drawn  from  their 
fidelity  in  service  and  their  judicial  integrity.^  As  a  part  of  our 
own  record,  we  subjoin  brief  notices  of  a  few  whose  names  and 
lives  have  thus  been  made  a  part  of  the  history  of  King's  Chapel. 

We  have  already  quoted  from  Dr.  Greenwood's  memorial  dis- 
course on  John  Lowell,^  —  son  of  the  eminent  jurist  of  the  same 
name,  who,  as  a    member  of  the  Massa- 
S)     ®.      (?  chusetts  Constitutional  Convention  in  1780, 

r,^^'^^^^  O^        procured   the  insertion    of  the    article    by 
/^f^^    W^  <:^^      which  slavery  was  made  impossible  there- 
i:s==H=:===H-n=-==:==:;====/  Jij    aitcr   ou   thc   SOU  ot   this  Commonwealth, 
■•^    and    was    appointed     by    Washington,    in 
1789,  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court,  of  which 
j,„j.;,,..,,,,,^...,,..    L     he  was    made   Chief  Justice   by  President 
\i^^^^^^^^^       Adams  in  1801.     In  an  address  at  the  dedi- 
,^„  cation  of  the  "Lowell   Grammar  School" 

ARMS   OF   LOWELL. 

in  Roxbury,  Nov.  10,  1874,  Dr.  George 
Putnam  spoke  of  several  other  members  of  the  family  in  terms 
which  may  be  copied  here:  — 

"Another  son  of  Judge  Lowell  Francis  Cabot  Lowell  (1775-1817), 
was  recognized  in  his  time  as  having  been  chiefly  instrumental  in  intro- 
ducing the  cotton  manufacture  into  Massachusetts  as  a  leading  branch  of 
industry.  By  his  mathematical  and  inventive  talent,  as  applied  to  the 
construction  and  improvement  of  machinery,  and  by  his  energy,  courage, 
and  sagacity  in  business  affairs,  he  organized  at  Waltham,  in  connection 
with  Patrick  T.  Jackson,  the  first  extensive  and  complete  cotton-mill  in 
this  State,  —  a  bolder  and  more  difficult  undertaking  at  the  time  than  can 
now  be  easily  conceived.  Accordingly,  when,  soon  after  Mr.  Lowell's 
death,  which  occurred  in  1817,  Mr.  Jackson,  together  with  Paul  Moody 
and  Nathan  Appleton,  projected  our  first  great  city  of  spindles,  on  the 
Merrimack,  considering  that  it  was  Mr.  Lowell's  genius  and  successful 
efforts  that  had  prepared  the  way  for  their  gigantic  enterprise  and  ren- 
dered it  feasible,  they  gave  his  name  to  the  new  municipality. 

''The  third  son  of  the  Judge  was  Dr.  Charles  Lowell,  Minister  of  the 
West  Church  in  Boston,  whose  apostolic  character  and  impressive  elo- 
quence are  still  fondly  remembered  by  the  elders  in  our  churches. 

1  Many  of  his  tributes  to  these  and     or  are    separately  printed  in   pamphlet 
other  eminent  persons   are  included  in     form, 
the  published  volumes  of  his  discourses,  ^  gee  ante,  pp.  464-466. 


THE   MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  527 

"  In  the  next  generation  of  this  family  we  find  John  Lowell,  Jr.,  who 
founded  the  Lowell  Listitute  with  an  ample  endowment  for  the  free  in- 
struction and  entertainment  of  the  people  of  Boston  forever.  Also  John 
Amory  Lowell  (i  798-1 8S1)/  .  .  .  who,  if  he  were  not  eminent  in  business 
circles,  as  an  expert  and  authority  in  relation  to  the  financial,  commercial, 
and  industrial  interests  of  the  coun- 
try, would  enjoy  sufficient  distinction  /  /  ^  /> 
as  a  student  of  classical  literature,  as  CZ^.^'-'^^Ly^  c^^c...^'{r~'^^^  — 
an  adept  in  the  natural  sciences,  as 

the  man  who  brought  Agassiz  over  and  planted  him  in  America,  as  an 
efficient  promoter  of  good  knowledge,  individually  and  in  connection 
with  learned  societies,  and  as  an  occupant  of  a  seat  in  the  highest  gov- 
erning board  of  our  University,  as  his  father  was,  and  his  grandfather  and 
his  uncle  before  him. 

"To  complete  the  trio  of  distinguished  cousins  in  this  generation  as  in 
the  preceding,  we  have  our  well-known  poet  and  all-accomplished  Har- 
vard professor,  James  Russell  Lowell,  who  received  the  highest  literary 
diploma  from  Oxford  and  Cambridge  in  England.  No  other  American, 
I  believe,  has  received  this  recognition  from  both  these  universities,  and 
only  four  or  five  from  either  one  of  them. 

"  Passing  on  to  the  next  or  fourth  generation,  we  have  John  Lowell, 
the  jurist,  who  now  occupies  witli  distinguished  ability  and  success  the 
same  seat  on  the  United  States  District  Bench  which  his  great-grandfather 
filled  three  quarters  of  a  century  ago.^  Also,  General  Charles  Russell 
Lowell,  and  his  brother,  Lieutenant  James  Jackson  Lowell,  grandsons  of 
Dr.  Charles  Lowell,  who  both  fell  in  the  late  war,  —  the  former  in  the 
battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  and  the  latter  at  Nelson's  Farm,  in  Virginia. 
These  young  men  had  but  just  reaped  the  very  highest  collegiate  honors 
which  Harvard  has  to  bestow  on  her  sons  at  graduating,  when  at  the  call 
of  duty  they  gave  themselves  for  their  country,  —  thus  adding,  let  us  think, 
as  much  lustre  to  the  name  they  bore  as  if  they  had  lived  in  peace  at 
home  to  fulfil  the  brilliant  promise  of  their  youth.     I  must  not  omit  here 

1  In  accordance  with  notice,  a  meet-  to  the  Chapel  by  our  friend  and  fellow- 

ing  of  the  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel  worshipper,  John  A.  Lowell,  Esq. ;   that 

was  held  after  morning  service  on  Sun-  we   heartily  sympathise  in   the  feelings 

day,  October  11,  1863.  which  prompted  him  to  this  munificent 

The  Senior  Warden   read  the  notice  act ;  and  that  we  offer  him  our  warmest 

of  the  meeting  called  for  the  purpose  of  thanks  for  so  remembering  our  vener- 

considering  the  offer  made  by  John  A.  able  place  of  worship  during  his  absence 

Lowell,  Esq.,  of  three  painted  glass  win-  from  this  country." 

dows  procured  by  him  for  insertion  in  Mr.  Lowell  was   a  Vestryman    from 

the  chancel.      A   copy  of  Mr.   Lowell's  1S29  till  1845,  ^.nd  Junior  Warden  1840- 

letter  on  the  subject  will  be  found  in  the  1842. 

Records  of  the  Vestry.  -  Judge  Lowell,  also  a  member  of  this 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Sidney  Bartlett,  it  Parish,  was  appointed   to   the    District 

was  voted, —  Bench,  March  ri,  1865  (the  last  judicial 

"That    the    Proprietors    of     King's  appointment  made  by  President  Lincoln), 

Chapel    accept    the    generous    gift    of  and  to  the  15ench  of  the  Circuit  Court  in 

painted  windows  for  the  chancel,  made  December,  1878. 


528  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

the  mention  of  a  kinsman  of  these  young  men,  of  the  Lowell  stock  on 
the  maternal  side,  —  Lieutenant  William  Lowell  Putnam,  who  was  killed 
in  battle  at  Ball's  Bluff  In  the  remembrance  of  their  common  friends 
he  is  always  associated  with  his  two  cousins  as  their  peer  in  the  admirable 
traits  of  their  characters,  and  in  the  heroic  spirit  of  self-sacrifice  by  which 
they  were  animated. 

"  Others  who  have  borne  or  still  bear  the  same  name  with  honor  might  be 
mentioned,  but  I  have  taken  liberties  enough  with  private  biographies."  ^ 

Mention  has  just  been  made  of  Judge  SAMUEL  SuMNER 
WlLDE.2  He  strikingly  resembled  the  Duke  of  Wellington. 
"  The  first  impression  he  made  on  a  stranger  was  that  of  stern- 
ness and  severity,  but  a  better  acquaintance  was  sure  to  dis- 
cover a  heart  full  of  tenderness  and  sensibility."  All  his  nine 
children  attained  adult  age.  We  copy  one  or  two  paragraphs 
from  Dr.  Peabody's  memorial  discourse  :  — 

"  He  was  the  last  surviving  member  of  that  Convention  [the  so-called 
*  Hartford  Convention  ']  which  had  the  singular  fortune  to  be  largely  com- 
posed of  the  wisest,  ablest,  and  most  patriotic  men  of  New  England,  and 
which  popular  opinion,  with  the  pertinacious  bitterness  of  party  preju- 
dice, has  regarded  as  having  been  made  up  of  traitors.  Still  later,  he  was 
a  member  of  that  remarkable  body  of  men  to  whom,  in  1820,  was  com- 
mitted the  revision  of  the  Constitution  of  this  Commonwealth.  His  term 
of  judicial  service  extended  over  more  than  the  lifetime  of  a  generation  ; 
and  when,  at  the  age  of  eighty-one,  on  account  of  physical  infirmities, 
he  resigned  his  office,  the  united  voice  of  his  own  profession,  and  the 
universal  feeling  of  the  Commonwealth,  of  whose  interests  he  had  so  long 
been  one  of  the  guardians,  bear  testimony  to  the  magnitude  of  the  public 
loss,  and  to  the  high  estimate  placed  on  the  value  of  his  judicial  labors. 
.  .  .  The  first  time  I  saw  him  on  the  bench,  an  eminent  member  of 
his  own  profession,  in  whose  company  I  was,  said  to  me  :  '  Be  good 
enough  to  look  at  the  Judge,  and  say  if  his  face  is  not  a  remarkable 
one,  —  if  it  is  not  one  which  belongs  to  the  office.'     As  I  looked  on  the 

1  Annual  Report  of  the  School  Com-  Warren,  and  later  to  Hallovvell.  He  soon 
mittee  of  the  City  of  Boston  for  1875,  took  a  high  rank  at  the  bar.  In  1S15  he 
pp.  234,  235.  was  appointed  by  Governor  Strong  to  a 

2  Judge  Wilde  was  born  in  Taunton,  seat  upon  the  bench  of  the  Supreme 
Feb.  5,  1771,  graduated  from  Dartmouth  Judicial  Court  of  Massachusetts.  On 
College  in  17S9,  and  studied  law  with  the  separation  of  Maine  from  Mas- 
David  Leonard  Barnes  of  Taunton,  sachusetts,  in  1S20,  he  removed  tn  New- 
afterwards  United  States  District  Judge,  buryport,  where  his  wife  died.  June  6, 
In  1792  he  married  Eunice,  daughter  of  1S26,  and  his  daughter  Caroline  (wife  of 
Gen.  David  Cobb,  and  in  the  same  year  Hon.  Caleb  Gushing),  Aug.  30,  1832. 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Bristol  Co.,  In  1831  he  removed  to  Boston.  He  re- 
Mass.  He  removed  to  Maine,  under  the  signed  his  judgeship,  Nov.  5,  1850,  and 
patronage  of  Gen.  Henry  Knox,  and  be-  died  June  22,  1855,  in  his  eighty-fifth 
gan  the  practice  of  the  law  in  Waldobor-  year. 

ough,  Lincoln  Co.,  removing  thence  to 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    EPHRAIM   PEABODY.  529 

calm,  thoughtful,  but  most  decided  and  resolute  countenance,  it  seemed 
to  me  that  my  friend  was  not  wrong  in  thinking  it  might  be  taken  to 
represent  the  idea  of  Justice." 

"  In  early  life,"  added  Dr.  Peabody,  "  he  was  deeply  interested 
in  the  theological  controversies  of  the  day,  and  was  familiar  with 
the  theological  treatises  then  held  in  most  repute."  In  his  last 
years  he  was  especially  interested  in  the  question  "  how  much, 
specifically,  has  Christianity  added  to  '  natural  religion  '  as  to  our 
knowledge  of  religious  and  moral  truth." 

We  copy  here  the  testimonial  of  another :  ^  — 

"  In  the  days  of  his  childhood,  he  was  trained  in  the  doctrines  of  Calvin  ; 
but  with  all  his  respect  for  his  mother's  teaching,  he  could  not,  as  youth 
advanced  into  manhood,  accept  this  faith  ;  and  as  in  those  New  England 
days  there  seemed  to  be  no  middle  ground,  he  connected  himself  with 
the  Unitarian  Society  at  King's  Chapel." 

Robert  Gould  Shaw,  an  eminent  merchant,  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Parish. 

He  "  was  grandson  of  Francis  Shaw,  who  was  born  in  Boston,  March 
29,  1721.^  His  father,  Francis  Shaw,  Jr.  (born  July  28,  1748),  was  a 
brother  of  Major  Samuel  Shaw,  of  whom  Honorable  Josiah  Quincy 
wrote  a  Memoir.  In  1770,  Francis,  Sr.,  with  Robert  Gould  of  Boston, 
and  Lane,  Son,  Frazier  &  Co.,  London  bankers,  got  from  the  Crown  a 
present  of  a  township  of  land  in  Maine,  and  fixed  upon  a  location  which 
they  named  Gouldsborough.  Francis,  Jr.,  who  had  been  educated  by 
Mr.  Gould,  was  sent  down  as  agent.  The  Revolution  stopped  all  this 
promise.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  they  attempted  to  renew  business 
operations,  but  died,  —  Francis,  Sr.,  in  Boston,  October  18,  1784;  and 
Francis,  Jr.,  at  Gouldsborough,  April  17,  1785.  Robert  Gould  Shaw 
was  born  at  Gouldsborough,  June  4,  1776.  He  had  no  advantages  of 
education,  and  the  little  schooling  he  received  could  be  reckoned  by 
months.  When  thirteen  years  old  he  was  sent  to  Boston,  to  the  care  of  his 
uncle.  Major  Samuel  Shaw,  but  became  apprentice  to  his  uncle  William, 
who  sent  him,  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  to  take  charge  of  the  Goulds- 
borough property,  which  he  had  acquired,  and  which  the  boy  wound  up 
in  three  years,  to  his  uncle's  great  satisfaction.  In  i  799  he  began  an 
auction  and  commission  business,  and  in  1805  formed  a  business  part- 
nership, under  the  title  of  Messrs.  Tuckerman,  Shaw,  &  Rogers.  He  was 
in  England  from  1805  to  1807.  At  this  time,  with  others,  he  bought  a 
large  territory  in  the  valley  of  the  Kennebec,  a  profitable  but  anxious 
operation.     In   1810  the  partnership  was  dissolved,  and  he  entered  on  a 

1  Memoir  of  Judge  Wilde  in  the  Me-  Francis  G.  Shaw,  in  the  Memorial  Bio- 
morial  Biographies  of  the  Nevv-Eng.  grai:>hies  of  the  Nevv-Eng.  Hist.  Gen. 
Hist.  Gen.  Society,  ii.  378.  Society,  ii.  38. 

2  Memoir  of  Robert  Gould  Shaw,  by 
VOL.  II.  —  34 


530 


ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 


more  general  business  on  his  own  account  (first  on  Kilby  Street,  then  on 
Central  Wharf,  and  lastly  Commercial  Wharf),  associating  with  himself 
Mr.  William  Perkins,-^  who  had  been  brought  up  in  his  counting-room, 
and  four  of  his  own  sons,  successively.  He  owned  many  vessels,  and  had 
a  commerce  extending  all  over  the  world.  He  made  large  investments 
in  real  estate,  and  was  interested  in  the  great  improvements  of  the  water- 
front of  the  North  End  and  in  the  development  of  Noddle's  Island  (East 
Boston).  He  was  representative  in  the  General  Court  in  1829-30,  and  in 
1835,  and  Presidential  elector  in  1852.  He  married,  February  2,  1809, 
Elizabeth  Willard  Parkman,  born  March  31,  1785,  daughter  of  Samuel 
Parkman,  and  his  second  wife,  Sarah  Rogers.  They  attended  church, 
first  at  Federal  Street,  then  at  the  New  North,  and  later  at  King's  Chapel." 

Said  one  who  knew  him  well,  — 

"  Mr.  Shaw  never  made  any  professions  of  religion,  but  he  was  a  very 
conscientious  and  deeply  religious  man.  ...  In  his  later  years,  he  be- 


1  William  Perkins  was  born  in  Bos- 
ton, October  4,  1804,  and  died  at  his 
residence  here  on  July  13,  1887.  He  was 
a  Vestryman  of  King's  Chapel  from  1863 
to  1887.  He  was  the  son  of  Samuel 
Perkins,  a  merchant  of  Boston,  and  bore 
the  name  of  his  grandfather,  Captain 
William  Perkins,  who  commanded  a 
company  in  Little's  regiment  and  did 
gallant  service  at  the  Battle  of  Bunker 
Hill.i  He  was  for  many  years  Treasurer 
of  the  Massachusetts  Chapter  of  the 
Society  of  Cincinnati,  of  which  his  grand- 
father had  been  one  of  the  original 
members,  and  the  prosperous  condition 
of  the  financial  affairs  of  that  venerable 
institution  is  largely  to  be  attributed  to 
his  careful  and  judicious  management. 
He  was  deeply  interested  in  many  of  our 
most  cherished  charitable  associations, 
and  throughout  his  life  gave  generously 
to  them,  not  only  in  pecuniary  contribu- 
tion, but  in  long  and  faithful  service, 
where  his  unquestioned  financial  skill 
was  of  the  highest  importance.  He  was 
equally  ready  where  persons  of  limited 
means  sought  his  advice  and  assistance 
in  their  humble  affairs.  Simple  in  man- 
ners and  readily   approachable   by  all, 


punctual  and  precise  in  business,  scru- 
pulous in  honesty,  industrious  and  ener- 
getic in  action,  the  city  in  which  he 
dwelt  was  better  and  happier  for  his 
presence  in  it  during  the  whole  of  his 
long  business  life.  That  life  began,  when, 
as  a  boy  of  fourteen  years,  he  entered 
the  counting-room  of  Robert  G.  Shaw, 
and  ended  only  with  his  death  at  eighty- 
three,  thus  covering  a  space  of  nearly 
seventy  years.  Although  Mr.  Perkins's 
early  education  was  strictly  commercial, 
his  later  life  found  him  engaged  in  the 
affairs  of  banking  and  insurance.  He 
was  President  and  Director  respectively 
of  two  of  the  most  important  of  these 
companies ;  and  the  day  before  his  death 
he  was  present  at  the  meetings  of  both, 
and  took  his  usual  part  in  the  discussion 
of  their  business  transactions.  During 
the  evening,  while  at  home,  he  was  at- 
tacked by  a  brain  disease  of  a  paralytic 
character ;  and  in  a  few  hours,  without 
conscious  suffering,  this  useful  life  came 
serenely  to  its  end.  (Tribute  of  the 
Hon.  Charles  Devens  before  the  Bunker 
Hill  Monument  Association  at  its  An- 
nual Meeting,  June  17,  1888,  and  printed 
in  its  Proceedings,  pp.  18-19.) 


1  Col.  William  Perkins,!  born  in  Boston, 
1742,  served  through  the  Revolution.  Samuel''' 
had  a  large  carpet  (painting)  factory  in  Rox- 
bury;  died  1S46.  William, 3  Treasurer  of  the 
Cincinnati,  born  in  Boston,  1804;  married 
Nov.  12, 1835,  Catherine  Callander,  daughter  of 
John  Amory  of  Dorchester.  Their  children 
were  —  (i)  James  Amory,  born  July  9,  1836 ; 


killed  at  Morris  Island,  Aug.  26,  1863.  (2) 
William  Edward,  born  March  23,  1838.  (3) 
Robert  Shaw,  born  July  6,  1842  ;  died  June 
8,  1S73.  (4)  Helen  Amory,  born  May  25, 
1846;  married  John  Romans,  M.D.,  born 
Nov. 25,  1836.  {Memorials  of  Mass.  Society 
of  the  Cincinnati,  by  F.  S.  Drake,  edition  of 
^^IZ^  PP-  4I7-4I9') 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  53 1 

came  an  enthusiastic  believer  in  modern  Spiritualism,  .  .  .  but  he 
needed  no  help  from  [mediums]  to  strengthen  his  behef  in  immortality, 
which  was  never  shaken." 

Mrs.  Shaw  died  April  14,  1853.  He  shortly  after  took  to  his 
bed,  and  died  on  May  3,  following.  "  When  a  friend  spoke  to 
him  of  '  dying  in  Christ,'  a  look  of  amazement  came  over  his 
face,  and  he  said  '  We  live  in  Christ.'  "  He  left  a  large  bequest 
to  found  the  "  Shaw  Asylum  for  Mariners'  Children." 

The  subjoined  biographical  notices  further  illustrate  this  period 
of  our  history  :  — 

Nathan  Appleton  was  born  in  New  Ipswich,  N.  H.,  Octo- 
ber 6,  1779,  and  died  in  Boston,  July  14,  1861. 

Although  his  first  journey  to  Boston,  in  1 794,  would  seem  to  indicate 
that  he  was  a  lad  of  very  humble  fortunes,  he  was  by  no  means  without 
advantages  of  family  and  education.  Few  famihes,  indeed,  in  New  Eng- 
land, and  not  a  great  many  in  Old  England,  can  be  traced  farther  back 
than  his  own,  through  a  respectable  ancestry,  and  by  an  unquestioned 
pedigree.  Among  the  Harleian  manuscripts  in  the  British  Museum  is 
found  a  genealogy  reaching  back  to  John  Appulton  of  Great  Walding- 
field,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  who  was  living  there  in  1396,  and  whose 
funeral  monument  in  the  parish  church  of  that  village,  in  14 16,  was 
duly  decorated  (according  to  Weever)  with  "  three  apples  gules,  leaves 
and  stalks  vert.'^  -^ 

Following  down  the  history  of  the  family  on  American  soil  through 
five  generations,  —  all  of  them  illustrated  by  names  associated  with  valu- 
able services  in  Church  or  State,  in  peace  or  war,  in  some  honorable  pro- 
fession or  in  some  no  less  honorable  department  of  useful  industry,  during 
the  larger  part  of  the  time  at  Ipswich,  in  Massachusetts,  where  the  first 
emigrant  settled,  and  more  recently  at  New  Ipswich,  in  New  Hampshire, 
—  we  come  to  the  subject  of  our  memoir.  He  was  the  seventh  son  of 
Isaac  Appleton,  whose  habitual  title  of  "  Deacon  "  was  doubtless  a  just 
recognition  of  the  gravity  of  his  character,  and  of  the  interest  which  he 
took  in  the  religious  institutions  of  the  community  in  which  he  lived. 

A  full  account  of  Mr.  Appleton's  life  would  embrace  an  account  of  the 

1  Samuel  Appleton  came  to  New  Eng-  Baker  of  Topsfield,  to  whom  was  born 

land   in    1635,  and   settled   at  Ipswicli,  Isaac  in  1704.     Isaac  married  Elizabeth 

Massachusetts;    he  had  married  Judith  Sawyer,  of  Wells,  Maine;  and  their  son 

Everard     in     1616.      His    son    Samuel  Isaac  (born    1731),  who   married    Mary 

(1625-1696)  was  a  major  in  King  Phil-  Adams  of  Concord,  Massachusetts,  1760, 

ip's  War,   and  was  active  in  resistance  was  the  father  of  Nathan  and  Samuel, 

to  the  claims  of  Andros.      He  married  the  subjects  of  the  two  sketches  given  in 

(1651)  Hannah  Paine  of  Ipswich;  their  the  text.     The  family  is  still  represented 

son  Isaac,  born   1664,  married  Priscilla  on  the  list  of  Proprietors  of  this  Church. 


532  ANNALS    OF    KING'S   CHAPEL. 

first  introduction  of  the  power-loom  into  this  country,  and  of  the  original 
establishment  of  the  cotton  manufacture  at  Lowell.  The  part  which  he 
took  in  so  important  an  enterprise  cannot  be  omitted  in  ever  so  brief  a 
mention  of  him  ;  nor  can  it  be  so  well  described  in  any  other  language 
than  his  own,  as  given  in  a  pamphlet  ^  published  under  his  own  name. 
His  narrative  not  merely  unfolds  the  marvellous  rise  and  progress  of  a 
great  branch  of  American  industry,  but  exhibits  strikingly  the  capacity 
of  one  who  was  largely  concerned  in  the  undertaking  to  depict  its 
various  stages  with  simplicity,  precision,  and  perfect  candor.  The  tes- 
timony which  he  bears  to  the  merits  of  others,  and  especially  to  the 
pre-eminent  services  of  Mr.  Lowell,  is  of  no  small  historical  value.  It  is 
the  testimony  not  merely  of  a  witness,  but  of  an  actor ;  and  the  seeming 
disclaimer  of  any  particular  credit  for  himself  is  altogether  in  keeping 
with  his  character,  and  furnishes  a  happy  illustration  of  his  unassuming 
disposition.  Posterity  will  not  fail  to  recognize  him  as  one  of  the  found- 
ers of  that  great  manufacturing  city,  to  which  he  boasts  only  to  have 
given  the  name  of  his  friend. 

Mr.  Appleton  entered  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts  in  1815,  and 
was  re-elected  one  of  the  Boston  representatives  in  1816,  1821,  1823, 
1824,  and  1827.  In  1830  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  United  States,  after  one  of  the  most  exciting  and 
closely-contested  political  struggles  which  Boston  has  ever  witnessed. 
Declining  a  re-election  in  1832,  he  was  induced  to  resume  the  Boston 
seat  in  Congress,  for  a  few  months,  in  1842.  It  so  happened  that  some 
of  the  most  important  discussions  which  have  ever  occurred  on  the  sub- 
ject of  the  tariff,  in  our  national  legislature,  were  exactly  coincident  with 
his  terms  of  service.  Perhaps  it  would  be  more  just  to  say  that  he  was 
selected  for  the  candidacy,  and  induced  to  accept  it,  at  these  particular 
times,  with  a  special  view  to  his  ability  to  grapple  with  the  questions 
which  were  then  plainly  impending.  Certain  it  is  that  he  was  there  at 
the  right  moment,  for  his  own  reputation,  for  the  advantage  of  his  con- 
stituents, and,  still  more,  for  the  right  understanding  of  those  great 
problems  of  public  policy  with  which  his  personal  experience  and  prac- 
tical sense  had  peculiarly  fitted  him  to  deal. 

Persistent  courage  and  inflexible  integrity  were  the  two  leading  ele- 
ments of  Mr.  Appleton's  character,  and  constituted  the  secrets  of  his 
great  success.  To  these,  more  than  to  anything  else,  he  owed  both  his 
fortune  and  his  fame.  He  displayed  his  boldness  by  embarking  in  un- 
tried enterprises,  by  advocating  unpopular  doctrines,  by  resisting  popular 
prejudices,  by  confronting  the  most  powerful  and  accomplished  opponents 
in  oral  or  written  argument,  and  by  shrinking  from  no  controversy  into 
which  the  independent  expression  of  his  opinions  might  lead  him.  His 
integrity  was  manifested  where  all  the  world  might  read  it,  —  in  the  daily 
dealings  of  a  long  mercantile  career,  and  in  the  principles  which  he  incul- 
cated in  so  many  forms  of  moral,  commercial,  and  financial  discussion. 

1  Introduction  of  Power-loom,  and  Origin  of  Lowell,  185S,  pp.  36. 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  533 

"  The  truth  is,"  said  Mr.  Appleton,  "  when  I  had  succeeded  in  laying  up 
a  moderate  property,  — say  two  hundred  thousand  dollars,  —  I  was  quite 
content,  and  intended  to  retire  altogether  from  business.  It  was  al- 
together accidental  that  I  have  ever  gone  further.  I  have  explained 
something  of  this  in  my  late  pamphlet  on  the  history  of  Lowell  and  the 
Cotton  Manufacture.  It  was  wholly  accident  that  I  went  into  that  busi- 
ness ;  and  the  truth  is,  that  my  mind  has  always  been  devoted  to  many 
other  things  rather  than  money-making.  That  has  never  been  a  passion 
with  me,  or  ever  a  subject  of  much  concern.  Accident,  and  not  effort, 
has  made  me  a  rich  man."  He  was  a  Hberal,  public-spirited  gentleman, 
whose  charity  began  at  home,  but  did  not  end  there  ;  who  made  hand- 
some provision  for  a  hospitable  liousehold  and  a  numerous  family,  without 
limiting  his  benevolence  within  the  range  of  domestic  obligations  or  per- 
sonal ties.  He  was  not  ostentatious  of  his  bounty,  either  in  life  or  death, 
nor  did  he  seek  celebrity  for  his  name  by  any  single  and  signal  endow- 
ment ;  but  he  never  looked  with  indifference  on  the  humane  and  philan- 
thropic enterprises  of  the  day,  nor  declined  to  unite  in  sustaining  those 
institutions  of  education  and  science  which  are  the  glory  of  his  time. 
His  sense  of  justice  and  his  distaste  for  display  prevailed  even  here  ;  and 
he  preferred  being  known  as  "  doing  his  share  "  in  any  public  cause,  to 
being  remarked  upon  for  extraordinary  munificence.-^ 

Samuel  Appleton  (i 766-1 853),  a  Vestryman  of  King's 
Chapel  from  1830  till  1840,  a  brother  of  Nathan  and  a  cousin 
of  William  Appleton,^  was  for  many  years  a  well-known  mer- 
chant of  Boston,  who  did  much  to  make  the  name  of  a  Boston 

1  We   quote   from  a   Memoir  by  the  Samuel,    Nathan,    and    Ebenezer   Appleton, 

Hon.  Robert  C.  Winthrop  in  A/ass.  Hist.  ^^^  t'^^ir  cousin  William.'' 
Soc.   Proceedings  for    October,    1861,  v.  William    Appleton,   the    son    of    the 

249-308.  Rev.  Joseph  Appleton  (B.  U.  1772),  was 

Mr.  Appleton  was  a  member  of  the  born  in  the  North  Parish  of  Brookfield, 

Massachusetts    Historical    Society   and  Mass.,  Nov.  16,  1786,  and  died  in  Long- 

the  American  Antiquarian  Society,  and  wood,  Feb.  15,  1862.     A  devout  Episco- 

President  of  the  Massachusetts  Hospital  palian,    he    was    prominently    connected 

Life  Insurance  Company  at  the  time  of  with  St.  Paul's  Church  in  Boston.     His 

his  death.     Harvard  College  gave  him  philanthropy  kept  pace  with  his  rapidly 

the  honorary  degree    of   A.  M.  in  1844,  increasing   wealth ;    and    St.    Stephen's 

and  that  of  LL.D.  in  1855.  Church,  and  the  Appleton  wards  of  the 

-  In  a  Memoir  of  the  Hon.  William  McLean  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  among 

Appleton,  written  for  the  Massachusetts  other  evidences  of  his  munificence,  bear 

Historical    Society   (Proceedings,  v.  446,  silent  but  eloquent  testimony  to  his  large- 

etseq.),\.hQ  Rev.  Dr.  Chandler  Robbins  ness  of  heart.     He  was  President  of  the 

observes  : —  Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  and  of 

,,  ^,      .  ,  .  the  Boston  Branch  of  the  Bank  of  the 

"The  mstances    must   be   very  rare,  m  ..   .     ,    „^  ^  .  .         ,  v-  r 

,.  ,     .  •,-./■        •  J-  •  1     1       r  United    States,  —  a  position   for  which 

which,  m  a  single  city,  four  individuals  of  ,  .  ,.,.,..  , 

one  kindred  and  name,  and  in  the  same  grade  ^'^  e.xtraordinary  al^ilities  as  a  merchant 

of  natural  descent,  have  contemporaneously  eminently    qualified    him.      He    served 

made  their  own  way  from  humble  beginnings  three  terms  in  Congress,  sitting  for  Bos- 

to  such  high  distinction  in  the  same  calling  ton, —the  last  term  beginning  at  the  time 

as  was  lately  attained  by  the  three  brothers,  of  President  Lincoln's  accession  to  office. 


534  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

merchant   synonymous   with   energy,    enterprise,    and    sterling 
integrity. 

He  was  one  of  the  old-school  merchants,  having  come  to  Boston  in 
1794,  at  the  age  of  twenty-eight,  to  engage  in  the  business  of  importing 
and  selling  at  wholesale  English  dry-goods.  The  old  merchants  of 
Boston  had  the  advantage  of  the  present  generation  in  being  so  much 
nearer  the  hardy  pioneer  life,  which  taught  self-reliance,  endurance,  and 
economy,  and  indifference  to  artificial  wants  ;  they  had  also  no  dangers 
from  savage  neighbors,  as  the  early  fathers  had,  but  coming  as  they  often 
did  from  remote  towns,  sparsely  settled  and  barren  of  luxury,  they  had 
been  nurtured  on  self-denial  and  economy. 

For  some  years  before  his  death,  Mr.  Appleton  made  it  a  rule  to  dis- 
burse his  entire  income  each  year.  As  a  consequence,  the  list  of  his 
benefactions  is  a  long  one.  Few  benevolent  associations  but  at  some 
time  appealed  to  him,  and  seldom  were  such  appeals  made  in  vain. 
In  many  instances  trustees  of  public  charities  were  surprised  by  the 
opportune  liberality  of  his  unsought  contributions.  Such  were  the 
gifts  of  one  thousand  dollars  to  the  Boston  Female  Asylum  in  1844,  and 
again  in  1845  ;  of  ten  thousand  dollars  to  Dartmouth  College  in  1845, 
and  of  five  thousand  dollars  to  the  New  Ipswich  Academy  in  1850. 
While  he  did  not  wait  for  his  death  to  benefit  others,  he  was  still  able 
in  his  will  to  devise  a  princely  sum  ($200,000)  for  distribution  by  his 
executors  for  "  scientific,  literary,  religious,  and  charitable  purposes." 
Among  the  objects  to  which  portions  of  this  sum  were  applied  by  the 
trustees  were  the  following:  To  Harvard  College,  ^50,000;  Sailors' 
Snug  Harbor,  $20,000  ;  New  Ipswich  (Appleton)  Academy,  $20,000 ; 
Dartmouth  College,  $15,000  ;  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  i^i 0,000  ; 
Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  $10,000  ;  American  Academy  of  Arts 
and  Sciences,  $10,000;  Amherst  College,  $10,000.  The  donation  to 
Harvard  College  was  applied  to  building  the  beautiful  Appleton  Chapel. 
He  had  no  children.  He  married  (November,  18 19)  Mrs.  Mary 
(Lecain)  Gore,^  and  his  married  life  seems  to  have  been  exceptionally 
happy.  His  wife  survived  him  many  years,  and  died  May  19,  1870. 
Calm  and  serene,  conscious  of  a  well-spent  life,  he  made  his  home  a 
centre  from  which  radiated  cheer  and  sympathy  for  all  good  objects, 
and  helpfulness  to  a  large  circle.^ 

1  Mrs.  Appleton  was  the  widow  of  down  into  the  great  sea,  yet  making  us 
John  Gore,  son  of  Samuel  and  nephew  feel  that  all  this  worth  cannot  grow  old, 
of  Governor  Gore.  See  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  all  this  benevolence  cannot  die,  and  that 
Proceedings  for  January,  1875,  xiii-  424.  every  setting  sun  is  somewhere  a  rising 

2  "  We  go  into  town  to  dine  with  Mrs.  sun.  Then  she  herself,  so  young  and 
S.  A.  What  a  charming  household  is  fresh  in  her  enjoyment  of  life,  with  all 
hers !  The  gentle,  glowing,  benignant,  her  French  taste  and  love  of  the  beauti- 
happy  old  man,  in  his  crimson-velvet  ful,  —  the  old  French  blood  showing 
dressing-gown,  like  a  sun  setting  in  crim-  itself  in  her  Madame  de  Sevigne  love 
son  clouds,  shining  over  all  with  cheer-  of  details  and  of  social  life  ;  and  M., 
ful,  genial  light, — slowly,  slowly  rolling  who  is  eyes  to  the  blind  and  feet  to  the 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  S35 

Mr.  Appleton  was  of  fine,  commanding  presence,  being  about  six  feet 
in  height,  with  a  full  face  and  a  fresh  complexion.  A  portrait  of  him, 
by  Healy,  was  owned  by  his  nephew,  the  late  Thomas  Gold  Appleton, 
of  Boston.^ 

A  jMonument  on  the  north  wall  of  the  Chapel,  surmounted 
by  a  profile  likeness  of  Mr.  Appleton  in  relief,  bears  the  follow- 
ing inscription :  — 

Sacred  to  the  memory  of 

SAMUEL    APPLETON, 

A  Boston  Merchant, 

Honored  for  his  uprightness,  eminent  for  his  liberality. 

An  integrity  without  guile, 

A  child-like  faith  in  God, 

A  never-failing  benevolence  towards  his  neighbor, 

Marked  his  whole  character  and  career. 

His  charity  expanded  as  his  means  increased ; 

And  the  wealth  acquired  in  honorable  labors 

Was  held  as  if  in  trust, 

For  the  good  of  his  fellow-men. 

A  friend  to  the  poor,  a  helper  of  the  humble ; 

His  hand  and  heart  were  open  to  every  righteous  cause. 

Dying  in  the  fulness  of  years,  a  private  citizen, 

He  was  lamented  as  a  pubUc  benefactor. 

His  name  will  be  preserved  to  coming  times 

By  the  numerous  institutions  of 

Learning,  Philanthropy  and  Religion, 

Which  were  established,  sustained,  or  aided 

By  his  munificence,  alike  in  Life  and  Death. 

He  died  July  12,  1853,  aged  87  years. 

Thomas  G.  Gary  was  a  Vestryman  of  Kinc^'s  Chapel  from 
1856  till  1859.  From  a  Memoir  by  J.  Elliot  Cabot^wecopy 
the  following :  — 

Thomas  Greaves  (or  Graves)  Gary  was  born  at  Chelsea,  Sept.  7,  1791, 
and  died  at  Nahant,  July  4, 1859.  .  .  .  The  estate,  consisting  of  more  than 

lame,  and  whose  whole  life  is  absorbed  Mrs.  Longfellow  was  a  daughter  of 
into  the  life  of  this  family,  —  the  whole  Nathan  and  a  niece  of  Samuel  Appleton. 
presents  a  very  peculiar  and  charming          ^  Memorial  IJiographies  of  the  New- 
tableau  ;    and  as   I   looked  at  it  by  the  Eng.  Hist.  Gen.  Society,  ii.  62-6S. 
fitful  firelight  this  evening,  it  drew  me          ^  Mass.    Hist.   Soc.   Proceedings   for 
into  many  dreams  and  reveries."  —  Li/e  June,  1880,  xviii.  166-168. 
of  Henry  W.  Loiif^felLnv  (Journal   under 
date  of  April  20,  1850),  ii.  20. 


536  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

a  thousand  acres  of  land,  belonged  to  Governor  Bellingham,  by  whom 
the  older  part  of  the  house  is  said  to  have  been  built,  and  came  into  the 
possession  of  Samuel  Gary  (grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  memoir), 
great-grandson  of  James  Gary,  who  came  to  Gharlestown  in  1639  ^om 
Bristol,  England,  in  which  city  both  his  father  and  his  great-grandfather 
had  held  the  office  of  mayor.  Samuel  Gary  had  a  son,  also  named 
Samuel,  who  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Ellis  Gray,  and  had 
thirteen  children,  of  whom  Thomas  Greaves  Gary  was  the  tenth. 

Samuel  Gary,  last  mentioned,  was  a  successful  merchant  and  planter  in 
the  Island  of  Grenada;  he  returned  to  Massachusetts  in  1791,  in  affluent 
circumstances;  but  a  few  years  afterward  the  Grenada  property  was 
swept  away  in  an  insurrection  consequent  upon  the  revolution  in  San 
Domingo,  and  the  family  were  reduced  for  their  main  subsistence  to  the 
produce  of  the  Ghelsea  farm. 

Much  attention  had  been  paid  to  the  education  of  the  children,  the 
elder  of  whom  had  been  sent  to  England  for  this  purpose.  They  now 
took  charge  of  the  schooling  of  their  younger  brothers  and  sisters.  Mrs. 
Gary  was  a  good  reader  of  the  English  Glassies,  — an  accomplishment 
which  her  son  Thomas  inherited.  He  was  prepared  for  admission  to 
Harvard  Gollege  by  Ebenezer  Pemberton,  at  Billerica  Academy,  and 
graduated  in  181 1,  in  the  same  class  with  Edward  Everett,  Dr.  N.  L. 
Frothingham,  and  other  men  of  note.  On  graduating  he  studied  law 
with  Peter  O.  Thacher,  walking  to  and  from  Boston  except  when  the 
wind  was  fair  for  the  sail-boat  at  the  ferry.  At  home  he  took  his  share 
in  the  family  work  of  instruction,  advising  and  assisting  in  the  studies  of 
his  younger  brothers,  who  were  fitted  for  college  by  him.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  Boston  in  18 14,  but  soon  afterward  removed  to 
Brattleborough,  Vt.,  where  he  practised  law  until  1822,  when  he  gave  up 
that  profession  and  joined  his  elder  brother  in  business  as  a  merchant  in 
New  York.  Having  married  a  daughter  of  Gol.  T.  H.  Perkins,  he  was 
invited  by  his  father-in-law  to  join  the  firm  of  J.  &  T.  H.  Perkins  in 
Boston.  Upon  the  dissolution  of  this  copartnership  he  became  treasurer 
of  the  Hamilton  and  Appleton  Manufacturing  Gompanies,  and  held  this 
office  until  his  death. 

Mr.  Gary  was  a  man  of  decided  literary  tastes,  and  although  always 
actively  engaged  in  business,  he  was  an  occasional  writer  upon  financial, 
economical,  and  political  subjects,  always  commanding  attention  by  the 
elevation  of  his  views  and  the  fulness  and  accuracy  of  his  information. 
He  was  the  unwearied  friend  and  helper  of  every  enterprise  looking  to 
the  intellectual  and  moral  advancement  of  the  community.  .  .  .  The 
list  of  his  public  employments  but  imperfectly  represents  his  activity  for 
the  public  good.  Few  men  in  his  generation  equalled  him  in  single- 
hearted  devotion  to  every  duty,  public  or  private  ;  and  this  disposition 
was  seconded  by  remarkable  powers  of  application.  He  was  always 
ready  to  give  time  and  labor  without  stint  and  without  thought  of  personal 
distinction.    Never  brilliantly  successful  so  far  as  his  own  fortunes  were 


THE   MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY. 


537 


concerned,  his  purity  of  character  and  unselfishness  of  conduct  gave  him 
an  honored  place  in  the  community.    . 

Charles  Pelham  Curtis,^  eldest  son  of  Thomas  and  Hel- 
ena (Pelham)  Curtis,  was  born  in  Boston,  June  22,  1792,  and 


died  in  Boston,  October  4,  1864.  He  entered  the  Boston  Latin 
School  in  1803;  graduated  from  Harvard  College  in  the  bril- 
liant class  of  1811,^  and  read  law  with  the  Hon.  William  Sulli- 
van. Mr.  Curtis  married  (i)  Anna  Wroe  Scollay,  and  (2) 
Margarett  Stevenson,  widow  of  Joseph  William  McKean,  M.D. 

Mr.  Curtis  was  the  first  solicitor  of  the  city  of  Boston,  which  station 
he  sustained  for  two  years  (1827,  1828)  with  great  honor  to  his  reputation, 
and  to  the  benefit  of  his  constituents.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Common 
Council  four  years  (1823-1826),  where  his  influence  in  the  practical 
development  of  the  city  Charter  has  contributed  to  its  perpetuity.^ 

1  He  was  a  grandson  of  Peter  Pel-  John  Chipman  Gray,  LL.D. ;  Ebenezer 
ham,  the  artist,  step-father  to  Copley,  Lane,  LL.D.,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su- 
the  celebrated  portrait   painter.  preme  Court   of  Ohio ;   Harrison   Gray 

2  Among  Mr.  Curtis's  classmates  were  Otis  ;  Rev.  Thomas  Prentiss  ;  Edward 
Joseph  Allen,  D.  D. ;  Thomas  Greaves  Reynolds,  M.  D.;  Solomon  D.  Town.send, 
Gary  ;  Benjamin  Faneuil  Dunkin,  LL.D.,  M.  D.;  and  John  Fothergill  Water- 
Chief    Justice    of   the    Supreme    Court  house,  M.  D. 

of    South    Carolina;    Edward    Everett,  ^  Loring's  Hundred  Boston    Orators, 

D.  C.L. ;  Nathaniel   Langdon  Frothing-     p.403;  Boston  City  Records, 
ham,   D.  D. ;    Samuel    Oilman,    D.  D. ; 


538 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


By  invitation  of  the  city  authorities,  Mr.  Curtis  dehvered  the 
Fourth  of  July  oration  in  1823. 

Mr.  Curtis  was  a  Vestryman  of  King's  Chapel  from  1826  till 
his  death;  and  Treasurer  from  1827  till  1861,  a  period  of  thirty- 
four  years.  It  appears  that  the  financial  affairs  of  King's  Chapel, 
though  prosperous  in  a  general  way,  had  not  been  administered 
with  desirable  strictness  and  regularity ;  and  that  Mr.  Curtis, 
for  that  reason,  took  the  office  of  Treasurer,  and  instituted  a  new 
order  of  things,  which  has  prevailed  ever  since.  He  further  took 
an  active  and  never-failing  interest  in  the  Chapel  and  its  govern- 
ment, as  well  as  in  the  several  ministers  who  have  occupied  its 
pulpit,  and  was  upon  intimate  terms  with  Dr.  Freeman,  who 
married  his  aunt.  For  nearly  half  a  century  he  was  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  the  law,  in  which  his  fidelity  and  success  were 
eminent. 

"  He  had  a  perfect  knowledge  of  that  portion  of  the  law  which  comes 
into  use  in  the  daily  exigencies  of  life ;  and  as  he  had  by  nature  a  sound 
practical  understanding,  and  excellent  powers  of  observation,  he  was  a 
trusty  counsellor,  to  whom  his  clients  could  always  look  with  perfect 
confidence  for  judicious  advice.  He  was  never  in  a  hurry,  because  he 
was  never  idle.  He  entered  into  the  business  of  his  clients,  and  espoused 
their  interests  with  hearty  zeal,  —  so  that  his  friends  were  his  clients,  and 
his  clients  were  his  friends." 

In  the  Legislature  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  in  the  inter- 
course of  the  committee-room,  through  a  long  session  crowded 
with  business,  Mr.  Curtis  was  not  found  wanting. 

"  With  competent  learning,  thorough  business  habits,  strong  prac- 
tical sense,  and  the  utmost  integrity  and  fidelity  in  the  discharge  of 
his  duties,"  says  Judge  B.  F.  Thomas,  "  he  won  the  confidence  of  his 
colleagues  and  of  the  House.  The  difficult  and  responsible  duties  of 
Chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Committee  have  seldom,  if  ever,  been  better 
discharged." 

He  declined  the  offer  by  the  Whig  party  of  a  nomination  to 
Congress,  which  was  strongly  urged  upon  him  by  Mr.  Webster, 
feeling  that  he  could  not  sacrifice  his  eminent  professional  posi- 
tion and  business. 

"  Deliberate  and  extremely  conscientious  in  forming  his  own  judg- 
ments," said  Mr.  Elias  Merwin,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Suffolk  Bar  in  mem- 
ory of  Mr.  Curtis,  "  when  a  sense  of  duty  demanded  their  expression,  it 
may  be  said  of  him,  without  exaggeration,  that  — 

'  No  favor  swayed  him,  and  no  fear  could  awe. 


THE   MINISTRY   OF    EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  539 

He  was  of  a  turn  of  mind  which  is  perhaps  sufficiently  described  as  con- 
servative ;  and  though  the  tendency  of  this  with  advancing  years  may 
sometimes  be  to  see  nothing  good  but  in  the  past,  yet  with  him  it  was 
entirely  free  from  this  querulous  excess.  Though  from  his  mental  bent 
and  training  he  turned  rather  to  the  solid  landmarks  and  the  beaten 
paths,  yet  his  spirit  affiliated  with  the  present,  —  his  congenialities  were 
ever  with  the  young." 

"  Mr.  Curtis,"  adds  Mr.  George  S.  Hillard  in  a  memorial  notice,^  "was 
generous  and  charitable  to  an  extent  not  imagined  by  the  public,  because 
his  bounty  flowed  in  unseen  currents.  The  claims  made  upon  him  were 
neither  few  nor  small,  and  they  were  faithfully  —  sacredly —  met.  Could 
this  portion  of  his  life  be  revealed,  we  are  sure  it  would  be  a  surprise, 
perhaps  not  unmingled  with  a  little  self-reproach  arising  from  unjust 
judgment,  to  some  of  those  who  met  him  exclusively  in  the  business 
intercourse  of  life,  and  saw  only  another  part  of  his  nature.  .  .  .  His 
domestic  affections  were  warm,  and  he  was  happy  in  his  domestic  rela- 
tions. He  lived  in  a  litde  grove  of  kindred,  and  his  heart  was  kept  green 
to  the  last  by  the  sweet  charities  of  blood  and  race.  His  home  was  the 
seat  of  a  generous  hospitality,  where  his  friends  were  welcomed  with 
cordial  g'^asp  and  genial  smile."  ^ 

Mr.  Curtis  was  a  member  of  the  Friday  Evening  Club;  one 
of  the  originators  of  the  Boston  Farm  School  for  boys  ;  and  "  a 
man  of  fine  literary  parts,"  who  frequently  contributed  to  the 
public  prints,  chiefly  upon  the  political  questions  of  the  day. 

A  marble  tablet  upon  the  easterly  wall  of  the  church  is  thus 
inscribed:  — 

CHARLES  ♦  PELHAM  ♦  CURTIS 

DIED    OCT    IV   MDCCCLXIV   AGED    LXXII 

TREASURER   OF   KING'S   CHAPEL 

XXXIV   YEARS 

)  Rev.  Frederick  Turell  Gray,  youngest  son  of  Edward 
and  Susanna  (Turell)  Gray,  was  born  December  5,  1804,  and 
died  March  9,  1859. 

His  father  was  a  lawyer,  and  brother  of  Rev,  Thomas  Gray,  minister  of 
the  First  Congregational  Church  in  Jamaica  Plain.  Early  left  an  orphan, 
he  was  adopted  by  his  grandmother,  Madam  Turell,  a  lady  of  wealth. 
On  account  of  delicate  eyesight,  he  was  obliged  to  give  up  going  to 
College,  and  entered  business  in  1825,  becoming  in  1829  a  partner  in 
the  publishing  firm  of  Gray  and  Bowen. 

1  In  the  Boston  Courier.  pamphlet  "  In   Memory  of  Charles  Pel- 

2  The  above  testimonials  are  chiefly  ham  Curtis " :  Boston.  1S64.  PP-  25 
condensed,   without   alteration,  from    a     (Eastburn's  Press). 


540  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

In  182 1  the  first  Sunday  Schools  had  been  established,  and  Mr.  Gray 
had  joined  one  as  teacher  under  Hon.  S.  T.  Armstrong  as  superintendent. 
In  1S23  he  aided  in  organizing  the  Hancock  Sunday  School,  and  in  1825 
became  its  superintendent.  Meantime,  he  became  associated  with  Rev. 
Dr.  Tuckerman,  assisted  in  organizing  "  the  Howard  Sunday  School,  pro- 
curing for  its  use  the  upper  chamber  of  a  building  which  had  been  a 
painter's  loft,  at  the  corner  of  Merrimack  and  Portland  streets,  in  which 
Dr.  Tuckerman  preached  his  first  sermon  to  the  poor.  Further,  he 
visited  with  him  the  poor,  introduced  him  to  families  with  whose  homes 
he  was  already  familiar,  seeking  others  whom  they  might  relieve  and 
save,  and  in  the  procurement  of  funds  for  the  erection  of  a  free  chapel, 
which  were  at  length  secured,  a  building  erected  known  as  the  Friend 
Street  Chapel,  and  first  opened  for  public  services  in  1828." 

But  Dr.  Tuckerman's  feeble  health  failed  altogether  in  1832.  Mr. 
Gray  did  not  hesitate  to  give  up  his  prosperous  business,  and  to  place 
himself  under  the  instruction  of  Rev.  Samuel  J.  May,  of  Brooklyn,  Conn., 
for  a  year.  He  then  offered  to  the  Association  his  gratuitous  services  as 
a  minister  to  the  poor.  He  was  ordained  Oct.  5,  1834,  having  three 
months  earlier  (July  3)  married  Elizabeth  P.  Chapman.  He  had  a  most 
successful  ministry  in  this  noble  work.  At  the  close  of  the  second  year 
the  chapel  —  "■  the  modest  mother  of  poor  men's  churches  "  —  was  found 
to  be  too  small,  and  in  1836  the  Pitts  Street  Chapel  was  built  by  sub- 
scription, and  "  devoted  exclusively  and  forever  to  free  religious  instruction 
in  the  city  of  Boston.  .  .  .  The  new  chapel  was  soon  filled  ;  the  com- 
munion service  introduced,  a  new  feature  in  a  ministry  to  the  poor; 
the  pastor's  visits  largely  increased,  .  .  .  while  conference  and  teachers' 
meetings  were  added." 

Mr.  Gray  was  called  to  be  colleague  with  Rev.  Paul  Dean  at  the  Bul- 
finch  Place  Church,  and  Rev.  Robert  C.  Waterston,  having  specially 
prepared  himself  for  the  ministry  at  large  so  that  he  could  at  once  take 
his  place,  Mr.  Gray  accepted  the  call  and  was  installed  November,  1839. 
In  1853,  the  pulpit  of  the  Unitarian  Church  at  San  Francisco  becoming 
vacant,  he  went  for  a  year,  by  request  of  the  American  Unitarian  Asso- 
ciation, to  supply  the  post,  having  a  year's  leave  of  absence  from  his 
parish.  In  July,  1S54,  he  returned  to  Boston,  weakened  by  a  severe 
illness.  Resigning  his  pastorate  of  the  Bulfinch  Place  Church,  he 
accepted  the  Secretaryship  of  the  Sunday  School  Society,  but  was  never 
able  to  assume  its  duties.  Rev.  Dr.  Bellows  says  of  him  (in  his  tribute 
to  Rev.  Thomas  Starr  King)  :  "  He  was  pre-eminently  a  preacher  of  the 
heart ;  his  wisdom  was  thoroughly  unbookish.  He  bathed  the  common- 
places and  simplicities  of  truth  in  tones  that  made  them  shine,  as  the 
pebbles  of  the  beach,  when  polished  with  the  lustre  of  the  ocean  wave 
that  finds  them  common  stones  and  leaves  them  jewels."^ 

1  See  Rev.  Ephraim  Peabody's  Fu-  phies  of  the  New-Eng.  Historic  Genea- 
neral    Sermon,   and   Memorial    Biogra-     logical  Society,  ii.  340-352. 


only  had  a  wide  pro- 
fessional practice,  but 


THE   MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  54^ 

George  B.  Emerson  was  born  in  the  town  of  Wells,  Maine 
(then  a  part  of  Massachusetts),  Sept.  12,  1797,  and  died  in 
March,  1881,  at  the  house  of  his  son-in-law,  Hon.  John  Lowell, 
at  Chestnut  Hill,  Brookline,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-four. 

"  His  father  was  an  able  physician,  a  graduate  of  Harvard,  a  man 
of  uncommon  ability,  with  scholarly  tastes  and  acquirements;  beloved 
and  respected,  he  not 

he   made   the  public  '  ^  -^ 

schools  a  special  ob- 
ject of  his  care  ;  he  was  consulted  in  the  choice  and  appointment  of 
teachers,  and  as  a  visitor  of  the  district  schools  his  face  was  familiar, 
while  his  counsel  and  encouragement  were  always  welcome.  Mr.  Emer- 
son's grandfather,  a  minister  in  Hollis,  New  Hampshire,  not  only  was  a 
very  acceptable  preacher,  but  was  widely  known  through  all  the  County 
of  Hillsborough  for  the  pre-eminent  skill  with  which  he  fitted  young 
men  for  college.  Thus  the  rare  gift  of  teaching  seemed  to  have  been 
transmitted  from  generation  to  generation.  As  an  inherited  quality  it  had 
come  down  from  father  to  son,  not  evidently  wearing  itself  out,  but  gain- 
ing, with  time,  fresh  impulse  and  inspiration." 

Among  Mr.  Emerson's  classmates  in  Harvard  College,  where  he  grad- 
uated in  1 81 7,  were  George  Bancroft,  Caleb  Cushing,  Samuel  J.  May, 
Samuel  E.  Sewall,  and  Stephen  Salisbury.  "  President  Kirkland  was  then 
at  the  head  of  the  College,  Edward  Everett  was  tutor  in  Latin,  Professor 
Farrar  was  head  of  the  mathematical  department,  while  Dr.  Levi  Hedge, 
Dr.  Henry  Ware,  and  George  Ticknor  held  responsible  positions.  Such 
men  could  not  but  give  life  to  the  whole  University  "  ^  He  was  himself 
not  only  an  excellent  general  and  classical  scholar,  but  a  naturalist  of  wide 
knowledge  and  observation ;  his  volume  on  the  "  Forest  Trees  of 
Massachusetts"  is  the  standard  work  on  the  subject.  In  Hallam's  "  In- 
troduction to  the  Literature  of  Europe,"  it  is  remarked  that  all  the  trees 
named  in  a  certain  stanza  of  "  The  Faery  Queen  "  could  not  possibly  be 
found  in  a  single  forest ;  but  "  Mr.  Emerson  was  familiar  with  a  natural 
forest  within  a  few  miles  of  Boston,  where  every  tree  there  named  stands 
both  firm  and  in  good  condition.  In  Europe,  all  these  trees  might  not 
be  found  in  near  companionship  ; "  in  New  England,  they  not  only  verify 
the  precision  of  his  knowledge,  but  illustrate  the  poet's  keen  observation, 
and  verify  his  truth. 

"  Mr.  Emerson  was,  through  all  the  active  days  of  his  city  life,  a  con- 
stant attendant  at  King's  Chapel.  He  was  the  chosen  friend  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Greenwood,  whose  tastes  in  natural  history  he  shared.     To  him  he 

1  Mr.  Emerson  received  from  Harvard  Sciences,  of  which  through  many  years 

University  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  he  continued  a  valued  associate,  and  was 

in  1859 ;  he  was  early  elected  a  meml^er  also   a   member   of    the    Massachusetts 

of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Historical  Society. 


542  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

looked  as  the  religious  teacher  who  most  satisfied  his  spiritual  nature. 
It  is  a  special  pleasure  to  speak  of  one  who  so  earnestly  loved  this 
Church,  and  who  became  identified  with  its  best  thoughts  and  interests. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Vestry  from  1841  to  1866,  being  also  Junior 
Warden  in  1843-44,  and  Senior  Warden  from  1845  ^o  1^53)  ^^^  again 
from  1863  to  1866.  The  impressive  duty  was  delegated  to  him  of  in- 
ducting the  Rev.  Dr.  Ephraim  Peabody  into  his  official  relations  as 
Minister  of  the  Gospel  in  this  place.  He  was  intrusted  with  the  same 
duty  when  the  present  pastor  [Mr.  Foote]  was  publicly  inducted  into 
his  office.  It  is  the  custom  of  this  ancient  Church,  at  the  installation  of 
its  ministers,  that  the  sermon  in  which  the  new  clergyman  addresses  the 
people  shall  be  preceded  by  an  address  from  the  Senior  Warden  ;  to  this 
the  Pastor  makes  a  brief  reply.  The  Minister  is  then  presented  with  a 
Bible,  as  containing  '  the  holy  oracles  of  Almighty  God,'  a  due  observ- 
ance being  solemnly  enjoined  of  all  the  precepts  therein  contained,  par- 
ticularly those  connected  with  the  duty  and  office  of  a  minister  of  Jesus 
Christ.  No  more  striking  proof  can  be  given  of  the  respect  in  which 
Mr.  Emerson  was  held  by  the  Church  and  congregation  than  the  fact 
that  he  was  thus  requested,  on  occasions  of  such  importance,  to  act 
as  their  representative. 

"  All  the  daily  duties  of  his  life  exemplified  his  professions  here,  His 
work  as  a  teacher  was  a  perpetual  self-consecration  to  the  highest  pur- 
poses of  existence.  To  the  cause  of  education  he  brought  fine  gifts  of 
talent  and  culture.  This  work  he  ennobled  as  a  calling  for  all  who  should 
come  after  him.  For  thirty  years,  with  wonderful  success,  he  devoted 
himself  to  that  genuine  education  which  consists  in  the  development  of 
the  intellectual,  moral,  and  religious  powers  ;  and  he  thus  trained  more 
than  one  generation  of  the  best  women  in  the  community  to  an  intelli- 
gent interest  in  all  that  is  good,  whether  in  literature  or  in  life.  His 
shaping  impress  is  seen  in  the  characters  of  many,  now  in  middle  life  or 
beyond  it,  who  are  acknowledged  as  among  the  noblest  and  most  useful 
members  of  society  throughout  the  country. 

"The  personal  quality  of  the  man  was  felt  in  all  that  he  did. 
Animated  by  enthusiasm  and  free  from  selfishness,  he  was  ever  ready 
to  contribute  valuable  aid,  whether  in  the  field  of  public  duty  or  literary 
service,  and  was  quick  to  answer  each  appeal  that  was  so  fortunate  as  to 
gain  his  approval  in  the  multifarious  calls  of  philanthropy.  Thus  every 
good  person  and  every  worthy  cause  found  in  him  a  friend.  Sparing 
upon  himself,  he  was  lavish  of  his  means  and  his  time  to  all  that  touched 
his  sympathy.  With  such  a  spirit  it  was  natural  that  he  should  hold  the 
relationship  of  counsellor  and  friend  to  very  many  who  felt  that  they  owed 
to  him  the  opening  of  a  better  life."  ^ 

1  The   paragraphs  quoted   are  taken  pamphlet  form  (Boston,  1SS4,  pp.  126). 

from  a  Memoir  of  Mr.  Emerson  by  Rev.  The   last   three  paragraphs  in  our  text 

Robert   C.    Waterston,  in   Mass.   Hist,  are  contained  in  a  letter  from  Mr.  Foote 

Soc.  Proceedings  for  May,  1883  (xx.  232-  to  Mr.  Waterston.  — Editor. 
259)1  reprinted,  with  large  additions,  in 


y^^,     ^L.       Ct,^*^^^^-^^ 


THE   MINISTRY   OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  543 

Mr.  Emerson's  services  are  visibly  commemorated  by  a  marble 
tablet  bearing  these  words :  — 

3ARREU  .   ^ 

C>  Warden  of  this  Church 

XV  Years- 
Born  1797.  Died  1881. 

Benjamin  Robbins  Curtis,  a  Vestryman  from  1844  till  1852, 
was  born  in  Watertown,  Massachusetts,  Nov.  4,  1809. 

His  father  was  Captain  Benjamin  Curtis,  master  of  a  vessel  trading 
between  Boston  and  Valparaiso,  who  was  half-brother  to  the  late  George 
Ticknor,  His  grandfather  on  his  father's  side  was  Dr.  Benjamin 
Curtis,  who  graduated  from  Harvard  College  in  1771.  His  mother 
was  Lois  Robbins,  of  Watertown,  who  has  been  justly  described  as  a 
lady  of  "  great  intelligence  and  the  highest  womanly  virtues."  After 
having  graduated  in  1829/  he  entered  the  Law  School  at  Cambridge  in 
September  of  that  year,  receiving  at  the  same  time  an  appointment  to 
the  office  of  proctor  in  the  University.  In  the  Law  School  his  superior 
abilities  were  soon  recognized  by  the  professors  and  his  fellow-students, 
who  even  then  prophesied  of  the  high  career  which  was  before  him. 
It  is  related  that  Judge  Story,  then  the  Dane  Professor  of  Law,  said 
he  should  like  to  live  long  enough  to  see  to  what  distinction  three  of  his 
pupils  would  attain.  One  of  these  was  Mr.  Curtis  ;  another  was  Charles 
Sumner ;  the  third  was  a  man  who,  by  the  force  of  adverse  circumstances, 
was  early  turned  aside  from  the  course  of  hfe  for  which  he  had  been 
preparing. 

In  the  autumn  of  1851  Mr.  Curtis  was  commissioned  by  President 
Fillmore  as  one  of  the  Associate  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,^  which  office  he  resigned  in  1857.     The  announcement  of 

1  Mr.  Curtis  graduated  from  Harvard  several  eminent  lawyers  who  had  claims 
College  in  the  brilliant  class  which  in-  to  his  consideration,  not  only  for  their 
eluded  Dr.  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  Dr.  professional  character,  but  also  on  the 
James  Freeman  Clarke,  Chief-Justice  ground  of  personal  friendship,  —  among 
Bigelow,  Rev.  William  H.  Channing,  whom  was  one  of  the  ablest  and  most 
Professor  Benjamin  Peirce,  Dr.  Chandler  brilliant  members  of  the  bar  of  his  own 
Robbins,  and  Dr.  Samuel  F.  Smith.  He  State,  with  whom  he  had  always  been  on 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  terms  of  the  closest  intimacy.  But  Mr. 
from  Harvard  in  1852,  and  from  Brown  Webster  acted  only  for  the  best  good  of 
University  in  1857.  He  was  a  Fellow  of  the  country.  He  was  influenced  in  his 
Harvard  College  from  1846  till  i85i,and  choice  by  his  knowledge  of  the  learning 
also  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  abilities  of  Mr.  Curtis,  and  of  the 
and  Sciences,  and  of  the  Massachusetts  peculiarly  judicial  traits  of  his  mind  and 
Historical  Society.  character,  in  combination  with   his  ro- 

2  The  appointment  to  this  high  office  bust  physical  health  and  comparative 
was  made  by  the  advice  of  Mr.  Webster,  youth,  which  gave  promise  of  a  long 
who  in  making  the  selection  passed  by  period  of  service. 


544  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

his  purpose  to  resign  was  received  with  surprise  and  regret  in  all  parts  of 
the  country,  both  North  and  South.  Those  who  had  most  at  heart  the 
integrity  and  honor  of  the  Supreme  Tribunal,  and  who  were  most  con- 
cerned for  the  security  of  our  free  institutions,  regarded  his  retirement  as 
a  public  calamity.  Expressions  of  censure  mingled  with  those  of  regret 
in  private  conversation  and  the  public  press  ;  and  even  those  who  had 
entire  confidence  in  the  purity  of  his  motives  and  the  validity  of  his 
reasons  found  it  difficult  heartily  to  approve  his  course,  on  account  of 
their  deep  sense  of  the  loss  of  his  services  to  the  country. 

It  happened  that  during  the  term  of  Mr.  Curtis's  service  as  Judge  on 
the  Supreme  Bench  the  long  and  momentous  struggle  between  the  North 
and  the  South,  on  the  subject  of  slavery,  was  fast  approaching  its  final 
issue.  Never  had  there  been  a  period  since  the  first  establishment  of 
the  Court  when  questions  more  difficult  or  of  graver  interest  were  pre- 
sented to  its  consideration,  or  when  a  greater  weight  of  responsibility 
rested  upon  its  judges,  or  when  their  integrity  and  wisdom  were  put  to  a 
severer  test.  The  "  Dred  Scott  case,"  as  it  is  called,  which  became  so 
celebrated,  and  was  unquestionably  one  of  the  most  important  cases  ever 
brought  before  that  Court,  is  too  well  known  to  require  more  than  the 
briefest  allusion.  It  was  that  of  a  slave  of  Missouri,  who  claimed  the 
right  to  be  free  in  consequence  of  having  been  taken  by  his  master  into 
free  United  States  territory,  and  of  having  resided  there  a  considerable 
length  of  time.  The  case  was  decided  early  in  1857,  the  majority  of 
the  Court  giving  judgment  adverse  to  the  claims  of  the  slave.  From 
this  decision  Justice  Curtis  dissented,  and  gave  in  his  opinion  a  most 
sound  and  masterly  exposition  of  law  and  justice  as  applicable  to  the  case, 
and  a  complete  defence  of  the  Constitution  against  the  charge  of  a 
purpose  to  legalize  slavery  in  all  parts  of  the  territory  of  the  United 
States. 

In  the  fall  of  1S71  Mr.  Curtis  was  appointed  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States  —  in  connection  with  Hon.  William  M.  Evarts,  of  New 
York,  and  Hon.  Caleb  Cushing,  of  Washington  —  to  be  counsel  for  the 
United  States  before  the  Board  of  Arbitration  to  assemble  at  Geneva, 
Switzerland,  under  the  treaty  of  Washington  of  1870.  Mr.  Curtis  would 
have  accepted  this  appointment,  had  it  not  been  first  announced  to  him 
on  his  arrival  at  New  York  from  Europe,  after  an  absence  of  several 
months,  —  on  which  account,  and  from  the  pressure  of  duties  at  home, 
he  was  obliged,  reluctantly,  to  decline  it.  In  1873  he  was  appointed 
by  the  Mayor  of  Boston  one  of  five  commissioners  to  revise  the  city 
charter. 

In  his  pamphlet  on  Executive  Power,  Mr.  Curtis  speaks  thus  of  him- 
self: "  I  am  a  member  of  no  political  party.  Duties  inconsistent,  in  my 
opinion,  with  the  preservation  of  any  attachment  to  a  political  party 
caused  me  to  withdraw  from  all  such  connections  many  years  ago,  and 
they  have  never  been  resumed.  I  have  no  occasion  to  hsten  to  the 
exhortations,  now  so  frequent,  to  divest  myself  of  party  ties  and  disregard 


THE   MINISTRY    OF   EPHRAIM    PEABODY.  545 

party  objects  and  act  for  my  country.  I  have  nothing  but  my  country 
for  which  to  act,  in  any  pubHc  affair." 

In  the  character  of  Judge  Curtis  there  was  a  rare  combination  of 
firmness  and  force  of  purpose  with  great  tenderness  of  feeling  and  quick 
sympathies.  His  eyes  would  moisten  and  his  voice  become  soft  and 
tremulous  when  speaking  of  a  friend's  sorrow,  or  of  an  instance  of 
peculiar  heroism.  He  was  never  heard  to  speak  evil  of  any  one  ;  and  if 
he  could  not  palliate  the  faults  of  a  neighbor,  would  not  denounce  them. 
His  generosity  was  large  and  free,  as  it  was  modest  and  unostentadous. 
Many  instances  of  it  have  come  to  light  from  time  to  time,  especially 
since  his  death,  but  only  because  the  gratitude  of  those  who  experienced 
it  could  not  be  suppressed.  "  I  have  known  him,"  said  the  District 
Attorney  in  remarking  upon  this  trait  of  his  character,  "  in  cases  where  he 
had  thought  the  judgment  had  fallen  too  hard  upon  his  client,  to  turn 
and  relinquish  every  dollar  of  his  fee  in  order  to  soften  the  adverse  blow, 

—  and  that,  too,  without  a  word,  without  any  open  demonstration,  and 
probably  without  anybody  knowing  it  except  myself,  his  book-keeper,  and 
his  client."  Instances  of  a  similar  nature  have  been  brought  [says  his 
biographer]  to  my  knowledge,  which  could  not  have  come  under  the 
notice  of  the  learned  attorney. 

Any  sketch  of  Mr.  Curtis  would  be  imperfect  which  should  fail  to 
notice  and  give  prominence  to  his  religious  character.  The  simple  faith 
of  his  childhood,  never  parted  with  in  youth,  was  retained  in  full  strength 
and  freshness  to  the  end  of  life.  Though  it  may  not  be  generally  under- 
stood, since  Mr.  Curtis  shunned  rather  than  courted  public  notice,  this 
was  his  crowning  quality,  —  the  last  with  which  he  would  have  parted, 
the  strength  and  beauty  of  his  character,  and  the  secret  of  his  success. 
He  had  a  firm  and  consistent  beHef  in  the  divinity  of  Christ,  and  there- 
fore in  the  Fatherhood  of  God,  in  Providence,  and  in  prayer.  He  was 
ready  on  all  proper  occasions  to  express  his  belief  in  divine  revelation, 
and  to  defend  it  against  the  objections  of  the  sceptical.  In  the  month 
of  July,  1874,  he  was  seized  with  a  complicated  disorder,  which  after  two 
months  terminated  in  congestion  of  the  brain,  and  caused  his  death  on 
the  15th  of  the  following  September.^ 

The  death  of  Dr.  Peabody  was  followed  by  an  Interval  of  a 
little  more  than  five  years,  during  which  this  Church  was  with- 
out a  settled  pastor.    The  changes  that  came  about  at  this  time, 

—  the  four  years  immediately  before  the  Civil  War,  —  affecting 
the  ecclesiastical  life  of  our  community,  are  briefly  referred  to 
in  the  succeeding  chapter.^  The  pulpit  of  King's  Chapel,  mean- 
while, was  very  ably  supplied  ;  ^  and  its  church  life,  to  a  singular 

1  From  a  Memoir  by  Dr.   Chandler  ^  See  fosf,  p.  ^52. 

Robbins  in  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings  ^  See  ante,  p.  459,  note. 

for  January,  1S7S,  xvi.  16-35. 
VOL.  II.  — 35 


546  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

degree,  remained  unbroken.  In  grateful  memory  of  the  min- 
istry whose  spirit  survived  throughout  these  years,  the  Parish 
caused  a  bust  of  Dr.  Peabody,  by  Thomas  Ball,  to  be  placed  in 
the  Chapel,  in  the  spring  of  1859.  The  pedestal  which  supports 
it  is  thus  inscribed :  — 

REV.  EPHRAIM  PEABODY,  D.D. 

MINISTER  OF  THIS  CHURCH 

FROM  JAN.   1846,  TO  NOV.    1 85 6, 

BORN  IN  WILTON,  N.  H.,     MAR.  22,   1807, 

DIED  NOV.  28,   1856, 

REMARKABLE  FOR  SIMPLICI1"Y  AND  WISDOM, 

FOR  THE  WIDEST  CHARITY 

AND  THE  QUICKEST  SYMPATHY, 

HE  COMMANDED  THE  RESPECf  AND  LOVE 

OF  ALL  BY  TALENT  AND  CULTURE, 

BY  DELICACY  OF    FEELING, 

BY    THE  CLEAR  PERCEPTION  AND 

MANLY  SUPPORT  OF  THE  TRUTH 

HIS  COUNSELS  AND  HIS  EXAMPLE  WERE 

ALIKE  PERSUASIVE  — 

IF  AFFECTION  COULD  HAVE  KEPT  HIM 

WITH  US, 

HE  HAD  NOT  DIED  SO  SOON. 


CHAPTER    XXVI. 

THE   MINISTRY   OF   HENRY   WILDER   FOOTE. 

ENRY  WILDER  FOOTE,  the  son  of  Caleb  and 
Mary  Wilder  (White)  Foote,  was  born  in  Salem, 
June  2,  1838.  He  was  exceptionally  happy  in 
home  nurture,  examples,  and  influences.  His  father, 
in  a  late  old  age,  had  the  undivided  reverence  of  a  community 
which  witnessed  his  blameless  youth,  his  prolonged  season 
of  active  duty  full  of  beneficent  service,  his  advancing  years 
crowned  with  growing  honor.  His  mother  united,  as  they  are 
seldom  seen  together,  surpassing  vigor  of  mtellect,  high  culture, 
simplicity  and  swe^etness  of  spirit  and  character,  and  equal 
strength  and  tenderness  of  Christian  faith  and  devotional  feel- 
ing. His  grandfather,  Daniel  Appleton  White,  at  once  sage 
and  saint,  possessed  of  every  trait  that  can  adorn  a  Christian 
scholar  and  gentleman,  bore  no  small  part  in  the  training  of  his 
grandson,  reproducing  in  him  his  own  love  of  learning,  pure 
taste,  delicate  moral  discernment,  and  high  tone  of  religious 
principle  and  sentiment.  Henry  was  fitted  for  college  in 
Salem,  and  graduated  in  the  Harvard  class  of  1858.  In  his 
senior  year  he  had  an  almost  fatal  attack  of  typhoid  fever,  in 
which  his  mother  took  charge  of  him  till  she  was  seized  with 
the  same  fever,  and  thus  yielded  up  her  own  life  after  having 
contributed  largely  to  her  son's  recovery.  It  may  be  doubted 
whether  under  different  circumstances  he  would  have  chosen 
any  other  than  the  clerical  profession ;  but  the  profound  im- 
pression made  by  his  illness  and  the  consequent  bereavement 
seemed  to  render  the  religious  consecration  of  his  life  and  his 
lifework  inevitable.  On  leaving  college  he  entered  the  Divinity 
School,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1861. 

Mr.  Foote  when  he  first  appeared  in  the  pulpit  attracted 
attention  and  interest  by  his  earnestness  of  manner,  by  his 
purity  of  style,  and  by  the  manifest  sincerity  and  directness 
with  which  he  addressed,  not  only  the  minds,  but  the  hearts 
and  consciences  of  his  hearers.     It  was  hardly  possible  that  he 


548  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

should  not  find  special  favor  with  any  church  in  quest  of  a 
pastor.  He  received  a  unanimous  invitation  from  the  South 
Church  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  which  he  declined,  in  part  from 
a  desire  for  larger  experience  of  the  world  and  of  professional 
service  before  he  made  a  permanent  settlement.  He  had  at 
that  time  a  temporary  engagement  at  Cincinnati,  in  fulfilling 
which  he  was  again  strongly  urged  to  accept  a  pastorate.  In 
the  early  autumn  of  i86i  he  preached  at  King's  Chapel;  and 
the  result  was  a  unanimous  vote,  on  October  13,  inviting  him  to 
become  "  minister  and  pastor  of  King's  Chapel  Society."  His 
ordination  took  place  on  the  22d  of  December.  The  service 
was  performed  in  the  method  sanctioned  in  the  case  of  Dr. 
Freeman,  on  the  ground  that,  the  greater  right  of  election 
residing  in  the  congregation,  they  must  also  possess  the  lesser 
right  of  ordination.  George  B.  Emerson,  in  behalf  and  by 
request  of  the  Senior  Warden,  and  in  the  name  of  the  Society, 
presented  to  the  minister-elect  a  copy  of  the  Holy  Scriptures, 
with  the  following  Address :  — 

We,  the  wardens,  vestrymen,  and  proprietors  of  this  church,  by 
virtue  of  our  lawful  authority  do,  in  presence  of  Almighty  God  and  of 
these  witnesses,  solemnly  ordain  and  declare  you,  Henry  Wilder  Foote, 
to  be  our  minister,  public  teacher,  and  pastor ;  in  testimony  whereof  we 
deliver  to  you  this  Book  containing  the  holy  oracles  of  Almighty  God, 
enjoining  on  you  the  due  observance  of  all  the  divine  precepts  contained 
therein,  particularly  those  which  respect  the  duty  and  office  of  a  minister 
of  Jesus  Christ.  The  Lord  bless  you  and  keep  you,  the  Lord  hft  up  the 
light  of  his  countenance  upon  you  and  give  you  peace,  now  and  ever- 
more !   And  let  all  the  people  say,  Amen. 

Mr.  Foote  preached  the  sermon,  and  Rev.  Dr.  Walker  per- 
formed appropriate  devotional  services  and  delivered  an  address, 
which  was  among  the  most  weighty  of  his  utterances,  left  a  pro- 
found impression  on  the  audience,  and  is  still  remembered  with 
deep  interest  by  his  surviving  hearers. 

Mr.  Foote's  ministry  began  at  a  period  demanding  peculiar 
discretion,  wisdom,  and  energy.  It  was  early  in  the  War  of 
the  Rebellion  ;  and  though  there  was  no  open  hostility  to 
the  government,  there  was  no  little  diversity  of  opinion  as 
to  the  management  of  public  affairs  and  the  probable  issue  of 
the  conflict.  There  was  still  in  many  patriotic  minds  a  reluc- 
tance to  recognize  the  existence  of  more  than  a  transient  dis- 
turbance; in  many,  a  readiness  for  peace  on  any  terms;  in  not 
a  few  of  those  foremost  in  effort  and  in  sacrifice,  more  fear 


THE   MINISTRY   OF    HENRY   WILDER   FOOTE.         549 

than  hope ;  in  some  hard  workers  for  the  Union,  despair  of  its 
renewed  integrity.  That  Mr.  Foote  took  at  the  outset,  and 
maintained  without  wavering,  the  highest  ground  of  loyalty 
and  of  hopefulness;  was  second  to  no  member  of  his  profession 
in  every  form  of  public  service ;  and  while  one  of  the  youngest 
men  in  the  Chapel  congregation,  and  as  always,  modest  and 
unassuming,  was,  because  he  could  not  but  be,  the  inspirer  and 
leader  in  every  effort  and  movement  in  the  country's  cause, — 
was  as  distinctly  felt  then  as  it  is  gratefully  remembered  now. 
There  can  be  no  better  expression  of  the  spirit  in  which  he 
pursued  his  sacred  work  than  in  the  following  "  Prayer  for  our 
Country  during  the  Present  Civil  War,"  which,  written  by  him- 
self, and  at  first  used  in  manuscript,  was  printed  by  vote  of  the 
vestry  in  1863,  in  uniform  type  with  the  edition  of  the  Prayer 
Book  then  in  use,  and  formed  a  part  of  the  regular  morning 
service  till  the  restoration  of  peace. 

O  Almighty  God,  who  art  a  strong  tower  of  defence  unto  all  who  do 
put  their  trust  in  thee,  in  this  time  of  our  danger  we  humbly  commend 
our  country  to  thy  sure  protection.  Sustain  the  good  government  of  our 
fathers  against  the  men  who  are  banded  together  to  destroy  it.  Impart 
thy  wisdom  to  all  in  authority  over  us,  that  by  righteous  and  prosperous 
counsels  they  may  hasten  the  coming  of  honorable  and  abiding  peace. 

Compass  with  thy  favor  as  with  a  shield  thy  servants  who  have  gone 
forth  to  defend  us.  Preserve  them  from  all  that  may  harm  the  body ; 
and  oh,  preserve  them  from  all  that  may  hurt  the  immortal  soul !  Grant 
that  in  the  perils  that  beset  them  they  may  gain  a  sure  and  steadfast 
hope  in  thee.  And  soon  restore  them,  if  it  be  thy  merciful  will,  to  their 
homes  in  safety. 

Strengthen  with  the  comforts  of  thy  Spirit  all  who  are  sick  or  wounded 
for  our  sake  ;  and  though  the  outward  man  perish,  renew  them  in  the 
inward  man  day  by  day.  Comfort  all  whom  thou  hast  bereaved ;  and 
cause  the  stricken  hearts  to  look  to  thee  with  resignation  and  trust. 

O  Thou  who  makest  the  wrath  of  man  to  praise  thee,  grant  that  these 
present  sufferings  may  work  within  us  a  spirit  of  loyalty  and  reformation, 
and  of  obedience  to  thy  will.  Enable  us  to  pray  sincerely  that  it  may 
please  thee  to  forgive  our  enemies  and  to  turn  their  hearts.  Grant  that 
we  may  not  with  cruelty  or  oppression  proceed  toward  the  end  of  our 
just  desires.  In  all  our  battles,  trials,  and  dangers,  support  us  with 
heavenly  help.  And  do  thou  crown  all  our  endeavors  with  a  prosperous 
event  in  those  great  mercies  which  we  beg  of  thee,  so  that  the  cause  of 
liberty  and  righteousness  may  be  established,  and  thy  people  be  brought 
out  of  their  peril  with  hearts  to  love  thee  and  to  show  forth  thy  praises 
forever.  And  this  we  humbly  ask  in  the  name  of  thy  dear  Son,  the 
Prince  of  Peace.     Amex. 


550  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Mr.  Foote  exercised,  though  without  leaving  his  stated 
charge,  many  of  the  functions  of  a  voluntary  chaplaincy  during 
the  war.  He  performed  frequent  offices  of  Christian  sympathy 
and  consolation  for  the  inmates  of  the  Soldiers*  Hospital  in 
Pemberton  Square,  and  for  several  months  preached  there 
every  Sunday  after  the  regular  afternoon  service  at  the 
Chapel. 

From  King's  Chapel,  under  the  direction  or  with  the  hearty 
sympathy  and  co-operation  of  the  pastor,  went  forth  perpetu- 
ally contributions  for  all  parts  of  the  public  service  which 
claimed  private  aid,  and  a  great  diversity  of  such  tokens  of 
patriotism  as  strengthened  and  deepened  the  sentiment  to  which 
they  gave  expression.  While  on  the  part  of  the  minister  there 
was  no  utterance  or  action  not  in  full  harmony  with  the  peace- 
breathing  spirit  of  the  Gospel  or  with  the  fitnesses  of  his  sacred 
office,  he  never  suffered  his  people  to  lose  sight  of  their  obliga- 
tions as  loyal  citizens  of  the  republic,  and  as  virtually  pledged 
by  their  Christian  name  and  profession  to  the  cause  of  human 
freedom.  It  was  for  him  a  theme  for  enduring  gratitude  that 
King's  Chapel  furnished  an  abnormally  large  proportion  of 
volunteers  for  the  public  service,  and,  without  an  exception,  of 
men  who,  but  for  the  love  of  country,  had  no  conceivable 
motive  for  encountering  the  privation,  hardship,  and  peril  of 
military  life.  Of  those  who  served  for  a  longer  or  shorter 
period  in  the  Federal  army,  there  were  no  less  than  fifty-two, 
of  whom  fourteen  fell  or  were  fatally  wounded  in  battle.^ 

In  1864  Mr.  Foote  offered  his  services  to  the  Sanitary  Com- 
mission ;  but  at  that  time  there  was  no  need  of  the  kind  of 
personal  service  which  he  would  have  given  at  great  sacrifice, 
and  he  therefore  remained  content  with  the  very  much  more 
valuable  aid  to  the  cause  which  he  was  rendering  incessantly  in 
his  own  peculiar  sphere  of  influence. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  a  special  service  of  praise  and  thanks- 
giving was  held  at  the  Chapel  on  Monday,  April  10,  1865. 
The  following  account  of  this  service  was  written  by  a  parish- 
ioner and  friend  on  the  evening  of  that  day,  and  is  inserted 
without  change:  — 

"  This  is  a  day  ever  to  be  noted  and  remembered,  —  a  glorious,  blessed 
day ;  for  to-day  the  news  has  come  that  Lee  has  surrendered.  The  war 
must  surely  soon  be  over  now.  .  .  .  About  twelve  Mr.  Foote  came.  He 
was  wanting  to  have  the  church  open  for  thanksgiving  and  praise  this 
afternoon.  He  said  it  was  the  way  it  oiight  to  be  kept,  and  if  he  could 
find  but  twenty  persons  to  lift  up  their  hearts  with  him,  he  wanted  to 

1  A  full  list  of  these  men  will  be  found  on  pp.  611-615, /^j^. 


THE  MINISTRY   OF   HENRY   WILDER    FOOTE. 


551 


have  it.  It  was  good  even  to  go  into  the  church  with  Mr.  Deblois 
[the  sexton],  whom  he  found  at  work  there.  .  .  .  He  went  to  see  Mr. 
Bulfinch,  and  then  came  again  to  say  that  all  was  arranged,  the  notices 
printed,  and  the  service  was  to  be  at  five  o'clock.  ...  As  we  drove  down 
to  the  church,  we  met  many  of  our  people  walking  in  the  rain  —  some 
from  far  on  the  Back  Bay  —  all  with  smiling  faces  and  glad  hearts.  The 
church  was  nearly  full,  —  many,  very  many  men,  —  and  it  was  beautiful 
to  see  how  all,  strong  men  and  women  and  children,  felt  the  need  of 
thanksgiving,  the  need  of  consecrating  their  joy  by  prayer.  ...  It  was 
very  solemn  in  the  church  in  the  deepening  twilight.  The  music  was 
most  appropriate  and  beautiful.  '  Let  us  sing  unto  the  Lord  a  new  song, 
for  he  hath  gotten  himself  the  victory,'  came  out  with  new  meaning,  as 
did  the  Te  Deum  Laudamus.  Many  have  joined  the  noble  army  of  mar- 
tyrs. Mr.  Foote's  selections  from  the  Scriptures  were  most  beautiful,  end- 
ing w^ith  '  Bless  the  Lord,  O  my  soul ! '  which  he  read  with  the  deepest 
feeling.  The  second  lesson  was  from  Hebrews, '  Seeing  we  are  compassed 
about  with  so  great  a  cloud  of  witnesses,'  and  from  Revelations,  '  And 
God  shall  wipe  away  all  tears  from  their  eyes.'  We  read  alternately  the 
Psalms  for  a  Day  of  Thanksgiving,  and  then  Mr.  Foote  made  a  most 
beautiful,  uplifting  prayer.  Many  who  had  lost  their  dearest  ones  in  this 
war  were  there,  .  .  .  and  their  needs  were  not  forgotten ;  and  he  prayed 
that  these  noble  deeds,  this  dying  for  us,  might  stimulate  us  to  renewed 
consecration  of  ourselves  to  God  and  to  His  loving  service.  Few,  if  any, 
left  the  church  without  tears  of  thankfulness  to  God." 

Before  this  time  votes  had  been  passed  and  preliminary 
inquiries  made,  with  a  view  to  the  erection  of  a  monument 
commemorative  of  the  young  men  of  the  church  who  had 
fallen  in  the  war. 

Early  in  Mr.  Foote's  ministry  there  seemed  to  be  need  of  a 
new  edition  of  the  Chapel  Liturgy;  and  in  1863  Messrs.  Little 
&  Brown  were  authorized  to  publish  an  edition  of  smaller  size 
than  that  then  in  use.  At  the  same  time  a  committee  was 
appointed  to  consider  the  subject  of  changes  in  the  version  ot 
the  Psalms  and  in  other  parts  of  the  service ;  but  few  changes 
were  made,  and  the  subject  of  farther  revision,  which  Mr.  Foote 
had  very  much  at  heart,  was,  by  circumstances  beyond  his 
control,  postponed  till  it  was  too  late  for  him  to  take  that  part 
in  the  work  which  could  not  be  fitly  performed  except  by  the 
minister. 

Meanwhile  Mr.  Foote  was  devoting  himself  with  quiet  and 
incessant  industry  to  the  duties  devolving  on  him  as  a  parish 
minister.  These  were  exceptionally  arduous.  The  parish  was 
large  and  prosperous ;  but  it  had  been  for  five  years  without 
a  minister,  and  Dr.  Peabody's  long  illness  had  closed  his  active 


552  ANNALS    OF   KING'S   CHAPEL. 

labors  at  a  still  earlier  period.  Dr.  Peabody's  ministry,  though 
from  the  first  with  au  enfeebled  body,  had  been  vigorous  and 
progressive ;  he  had  in  his  personal  character  a  rare  capacity 
of  winning  sympathy  and  co-operation ;  and  he  had  made 
himself  felt  as  a  power  for  human  welfare  in  the  entire  city. 
Several  of  the  most  important  charities  in  and  beyond  his  own 
denomination  owed  their  inception  or  their  continued  prosperity 
to  his  wisely  directed  energy;  and  in  every  worthy  onward 
movement  he  was  a  leading  spirit.  But  the  interval  between 
his  disabling  infirmity  and  the  settlement  of  the  new  minister 
had  been  almost  a  transition  period  in  the  churches  with  which 
King's  Chapel  had  been  in  communion.  Conservative  tradi- 
tions had  been  yielding  to  the  fresh  demands  of  a  new  genera- 
tion. Methods  which  had  been  efhcient  in  other  denominations 
were  virtually  forced  upon  those  who  clung  fondly  to  things  as 
they  had  been.  Of  course  the  King's  Chapel  Society  while 
without  a  minister  adhered  to  the  old  ways,  and  perhaps  with 
only  the  stronger  persistency  because  in  some  respects  it 
remained  virtually  alone.  It  became  Mr.  Foote's  duty  to  lead 
his  society  over  the  ground  which  they  would  have  traversed 
but  for  lack  of  a  guide,  and  at  the  same  time  to  attain  and  keep 
even  pace  with  the  churches  that  had  not  had  a  like  interval  of 
repose.  He  was  constitutionally  and  studiously  prudent,  and 
never  took  a  step  that  needed  to  be  retraced.  He  moved  no 
faster  than  he  could  carry  with  him  the  deliberate  judgment 
and  the  cordial  sympathy  of  those  who  rightly  held  a  control- 
ling influence  in  the  church.  Our  old  churches  half  a  century 
ago  were  to  a  great  extent  close  corporations,  existing  chiefly 
for  the  benefit  of  their  pewholders,  not  ungenerous,  indeed, 
in  pecuniary  subsidies  to  those  without,  but  with  little  hospi- 
tality, with  a  cold  welcome  to  other  than  regular  worshippers, 
and  with  very  restricted  personal  intercourse  of  a  beneficial  kind 
with  those  outside  of  their  pale.  At  the  present  these  same 
churches,  while  not  abandoning  the  rights  of  individual  proprie- 
torship, open  their  doors  freely  to  transient  worshippers,  furnish 
on  other  occasions  than  the  Sunday  morning  service  oppor- 
tunities for  religious  edification  and  instruction  to  the  larger 
public,  and  bring  themselves  into  direct  relations  with  the  un- 
privileged classes.  If  King's  Chapel  is  now  conspicuous  for 
these  latter  modes  of  administration,  and  second  to  none  ex- 
cept the  nominally  free  churches  in  its  liberal  and  generous 
attitude  toward  all  whom  it  can  attract  to  its  services  or  reach 
by  its  charities,  it  is  due  in  chief  part  to  the  constant  aim  and 


IN  MEMORY  OF  THl  YOUNG  MEN  OF  KINC'S  CHAPEL 

WHO  DIED  FOR  THQR  COUNnrr. 
iB61  V   1865 


SOLDIERS'    MONUMENT. 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    HENRY   WILDER    FOOTE.        553 

unremitted  efforts  of  its  minister.  It  is,  indeed,  due  to  his 
meekness  of  wisdom,  his  tenacity  of  purpose,  equally  gentle  and 
firm,  and  the  irresistible  contagion  of  his  philanthropic  spirit, 
that  he  early  secured  the  cordial  support  and  efficient  co-oper- 
ation of  some  of  the  best  men  in  his  congregation,  whose 
instincts  and  habits  had  been,  and  but  for  him  would  still  have 
been,  much  more  conservative  than  his  own. 

For  the  more  quiet  duties  of  the  pastorate  Mr.  Foote  from  the 
first  manifested  a  rare  aptitude,  not  only  by  the  warmth  of  his 
sympathy,  but  by  the  delicacy  of  sentiment  and  feeling,  which 
enabled  him  to  meet  cases  that  made  special  demand  on  his 
services  in  the  way  best  suited  to  bestow  the  needed  counsel, 
aid,  or  consolation.  During  the  early  years  of  his  ministry  the 
deaths  among  the  older  and  more  prominent  members  of  the 
society  were  very  numerous.  Among  those  who  were  thus 
removed  was  Samuel  Atkins  Eliot,  who,  though  he  had  become 
a  resident  of  Cambridge,  was  still  virtually,  and  with  the 
strongest  attachment,  a  member  of  the  Chapel  church,  and 
had  been  for  many  years  second  to  no  one  in  its  official  service, 
in  the  charge  of  its  various  interests  as  well  as  of  his  favorite 
department  of  sacred  music,  and  in  the  influence  of  his  example 
in  behalf  of  the  highest  type  of  Christian  excellence.  That  Mr. 
Foote  became  subsequently  connected  with  his  surviving  family 
by  marriage,  was  an  event  which  not  only  united  him  more  in- 
timately with  many  of  the  families  under  his  charge,  but  also 
secured  for  the  entire  society  the  unremitted  service,  in  her  own 
proper  sphere,  of  one  whose  religious  associations  had  from  the 
very  first  been  connected  with  its  worship  and  its  charities. 

In  January,  1867,  Mr.  Foote,  in  accordance  with  a  long- 
cherished  plan,  and  not  without  need  of  repose  from  five  years 
of  arduous  service,  asked  leave  of  absence  for  a  European  tour 
and  sojourn.  This  leave,  by  vote  of  the  Proprietors,  was 
granted  for  a  year,  with  the  provision  that  the  salary  be  con- 
tinued and  the  pulpit  supplied  without  cost  to  the  minister. 
During  Mr.  Foote's  absence  the  monument  in  memory  of  the 
young  men  of  the  society  who  had  fallen  in  the  war  was  com- 
pleted, and  was  dedicated,  with  appropriate  services,  on  Easter 
Sunday.^  Those  whose  names  are  inscribed  on  the  monument 
were  commemorated  by  their  pastor  in  a  sermon^  delivered  on 
the  29th  of  May,  1870,  and  published  by  request  of  the  parish. 
From  this  we  give  the  following  extract:  — 

1  A  sermon,  delivered  on  that  occa-  2  The  Roll  of  Honor  appended  to  it 

sion,  was  published  at  the  request  of  the  is  reprinted  in  this  book,  pp.  611-615, 
society.  post. 


554  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

"  Side  by  side  their  names  are  writ  in  marble,  from  the  private  soldier 
to  the  division  commander.  From  the  catastrophe  of  Ball's  Bluff  to  the 
eve  of  the  great  surrender,  those  names  are  intertwined  with  the  history 
of  the  time  ;  and  Antietam  and  South  Mountain,  and  Gettysburg  and 
Fort  Wagner,  and  Bull  Run  and  Chickamauga,  and  Whitehall  and  Spott- 
sylvania,  and  Averysboro  and  Cedar  Mountain  and  Hatcher's  Run,  all 
cast  their  deep  shadow  over  these  dim  aisles.  Shall  I  venture  to  speak 
of  them  as,  one  by  one,  they  come  back  to  our  memory  ?  —  One,^  whose 
name  stands  written  first  in  that  proud  record,  born  into  this  church, 
but  long  absent  from  it,  who  fell  on  that  wooded  hillside  in  the  valley 
whose  slope  was  fatal  to  so  many  precious  lives  ;  —  the  merciful  surgeon  ^ 
of  whom  his  fever-patients,  in  the  wards  where  he  and  they  were  fellow- 
prisoners,  said,  '  When  he  came,  sunshine  came  with  him,  and  when  he 
went  away,  darkness  followed,'  under  whose  care,  in  that  house  of  doom, 
not  one  man  died,  during  three  weeks  that  he  was  with  them,  though 
previously  they  had  died  five  or  six  daily ;  —  the  brave  boy  ^  who  lin- 
gered through  eleven  weeks  of  suffering  and  was  released  on  the  eve 
of  the  day  when  his  comrades  were  mustered  out  of  service,  who,  when 
I  last  saw  him,  I  remember,  as  I  wished  him  God-speed  and  that  he 
might  escape  the  dangers  of  the  camp  as  well  as  of  the  battle-field, 
pulling  with  a  bright  look  a  pocket  Testament  from  the  pocket  next  his 
heart,  told  me  that  he  should  try  to  live  by  that ;  —  the  gallant  gentle- 
man,^ in  whose  veins  was  blood  that  had  leapt  at  the  first  low  murmurs 
of  the  Revolution,  and  whose  name  was  historic,  who  endured  imprison- 
ment, wounds,  sickness,  death,  with  quiet  dignity  of  demeanor,  simpli- 
city of  speech,  and  silent  heroism  of  life,  who  could  put  aside  the 
suggestion  of  how  much  he  was  giving  up  in  the  way  of  opportunity  and 
future  success  with  the  few  simple  words,  '  Yes,  if  this  life  were  all ; '  — 
the  high-toned  officer,^  whose  face,  as  I  watched  it  in  earliest  college 
days,  bore  the  marks  of  dignified  and  modest  refinement,  and  won  for 
his  steadfast  moral  nature  confidence  and  respect,  that  grew  into  ad- 
miration for  the  unpretending  service  of  duty :  '  Do  as  I  do,'  he  said, 
and  stood  up  upright  and  firm  before  the  enemy's  rifle-pits,  when  the 
fatal  bullet  came  ;  —  the  two  brave  brothers,^  in  whose  souls  burned 
a  flame  of  courage  and  manhood  unquenchable  :  one,  of  whom  it  has 
been  said,  '  he  might  well  stand  as  the  typical  young  soldier  of  the 
North,'  dying  instantly,  at  the  head  of  his  men,  in  a  disastrous  battle  ; 
the  other,  wounded  in  the  first  skirmish  of  the  war,  winning  by  his  gal- 

1  Richard  Cary,  Captain  in  the  2d  ^  James  Amory  Perkins,  First  Lieu- 
Regiment  of  Mass.  Volunteers.  tenant  in  24th   Regiment  of  Mass.  Vol- 

2  Dr.    E.    H.    R.    Revere,    Assistant     unteers. 

Surgeon  of  the  20th  Regiment  of  Mass.  ^  Warren  Dutton  Russell,  First  Lieu- 
Volunteers,  tenant  in  i8th  Regiment  of  Mass.  Volun- 

^  Franklin  Moody  Adams,  Private  in  teers ;    and  Francis  L.  Dutton   Russell, 

8th  Battery,  Mass.  Volunteers.  Finst    Lieutenant    in    4th    Regiment   of 

*  Paul  Joseph  Revere,  Colonel  of  20th  Artillery,  U.  S.  A. 
Regiment  of  Mass.  Volunteers. 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    HENRY   WILDER   FOOTE.        555 

lantry  as  private  soldier  a  commission  in  the  regular  army,  doing  great 
things  to  avert  our  heaviest  disaster  in  the  West,  giving  up  at  last,  by 
slow  degrees  of  wasting  sickness,  the  life  whose  strength  was  spent  for  his 
country  ;  —  two  others,  who  singularly  shared  a  fate,  in  which  uncertainty 
slowly  darkened  into  assurance  that  they  were  no  more.  Of  these,  one,^ 
among  our  youngest,  bore  from  the  university  powers  of  mind  and 
native  observation  which  quickly  raised  him  from  the  unnoted  station 
in  which  he  had  sought  to  serve  a  great  cause.  Riding  alone,  he  was 
set  upon  by  a  band  of  guerillas,  and  disappeared  from  human  sight, 
leaving  only  a  fresh  and  beautiful  memory.  The  other,^  educated  in  the 
best  military  discipline  of  foreign  schools,  born  for  the  profession  of  arms, 
with  his  brigade  of  regulars  first  stayed  the  hostile  rush  at  Chickamauga. 
Like  a  wall  of  rock  his  men  stood  around  him.  He  was  seen  sitting  '  on 
his  horse,  as  cool  as  ever,  without  changing  face,'  while  the  volleying 
line  surged  on  toward  him,  —  then  with  drawn  sword,  surrounded  by  the 
the  foe.  The  waves  of  the  conflict  passed  over  him,  and  when  it  had 
ebbed,  no  certain  trace  of  him  remained  behind.  Then  there  was  the 
bright,  winning  spirit  ^  who  took  up  the  mysterious  peril  of  a  command 
over  colored  troops,  and,  fallmg  on  that  sand  island  which  cost  so  dear, 
was  buried  with  his  men  ;  his  last  words  being,  '  Follow  your  colors,' 
as  he  himself  had  followed  the  star  of  duty ;  —  the  rare,  beautiful  soul,"* 
well  named  '  the  gift  of  God,'  who  hastened  home  from  the  study  of 
foreign  culture,  at  the  echo  of  war  heard  across  the  Atlantic,  the  color- 
sergeant  who  fell  bearing  the  flag  that  he  loved  with  his  heart's  blood  ;  — 
he,^  who  bore  the  highest  rank  of  any  who  went  out  from  this  place, 
idolized  by  his  men,  trusted  by  his  superior  officers,  whose  warm,  true 
nature  glowed  with  love  of  friends  and  of  country,  whose  modesty  per- 
fected his  manliness,  but  could  not  hide  his  worth  or  his  value  to  the 
country,  who  gave  up  his  life  in  the  great  advance  ;  —  and  yet  two 
others,  among  the  youngest  and  the  dearest  that  this  church  gave  to  the 
cause,  who  fell  just  before  the  dawn  of  that  day  of  peace  for  whose 
coming  they  willingly  died  :  one  ^  in  the  victorious  march  of  that  army 
which  cut  the  Gordian  knot  of  the  war,  slain  in  its  last  battle  ;  the 
other,'  after  wounds  and  exposures,  after  months  of  daily  peril  in  the 
memorable  siege,  struck  down  by  almost  the  last  shot  that  rang  out  from 
the  expiring  Rebellion  :  both  dying  in  the  arms  of  victory." 

During  Mr.  Foote's  absence  occurred  the  death  of  Thomas 
Bulfinch,   who   was    perhaps    more    intimately   associated   with 

1  Arthur    Cortlandt    Parker,    Second  *  Theodore    Parkman,    Sergeant    in 
Lieutenant    in    33d   Regiment  of   Mass.  45th  Regiment  of  Mass   Volunteers. 
Volunteers.  *  Thomas   Greely    Stevenson,   Briga- 

2  Sidney  Coolidge,  Major  of  i6th  Re-  dier-General,  U.  S.  Volunteers, 
giment  of  Infantry,  U.  S.  A,  '^  Samuel   Storrow,   First   Lieutenant 

3  Cabot  Jackson  Russel,    Captain  in  in  the  2d  Regiment  of  Mass.  Volunteers. 
54th  Regiment  of  Mass  Volunteers.  '  Charles  James  Mills,  Brevet  Major, 

U-  S.  Volunteers. 


556  ANNALS   OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

King's  Chapel  than  any  member  of  the  society  who  survived 
him.  Attached  to  the  church  through  an  honored  ancestry 
which  for  several  successive  generations  bore  a  prominent  place 
among  its  worshippers  and  its  office-bearers,  separated  from  it 
only  during  a  few  years  of  early  manhood  passed  in  a  distant 
city,  bearing  an  important  part  in  the  several  revisions  of  its 
liturgy,  loving  its  discipline  and  order  of  divine  service  as  pre- 
eminently true  to  the  teachings  and  spirit  of  the  Gospel,  the 
very  dear  friend  of  all  its  pastors  since  its  separation  from  the 
English  Church,  he  can  have  left  no  one  so  conversant  with  its 
entire  history  or  so  closely  identified  with  its  interests.  At 
the  same  time  by  his  large  and  high  culture,  his  refined  taste, 
his  beneficence  to  the  utmost  of  his  ability  in  gift,  deed,  and 
service,  and  his  life  on  the  loftiest  plane  of  Christian  excellence, 
he  left  a  memory  then  recognized  as  worthy  of  a  specially 
emphatic  record  in  a  commemorative  sermon,  published  by 
request  of  the  society. 

Mr.  Foote  returned  from  Europe  in  full  health  and  strength, 
and  until  his  work  was  suspended  by  illness  devoted  himself 
with  the  utmost  assiduity  to  the  duties  of  a  parish  minister  and 
to  the  religious  and  philanthropic  interests  that  claimed  his 
support  and  assistance.  The  restoration  of  peace  having  re- 
leased him  from  the  perpetual  strain  of  patriotic  service,  he 
now  made  it  a  foremost  aim  to  render  the  Chapel  itself  a  central 
point  for  extended  influence  in  the  community  at  large. 

The  Sunday  afternoon  service  in  Boston  churches  in  general 
had  ceased  to  command  the  attendance  of  the  greater  part  of 
the  congregation,  and  had  in  many  churches  been  abandoned 
as  past  redemption.  Mr.  Foote's  aim  was  to  retain,  vitalize,  and 
utilize  it.  As  early  as  1871  a  series  of  twelve  lectures  "on  the 
fundamental  questions  in  religion,"  delivered  by  various  clergy- 
men under  the  auspices  of  the  Unitarian  Association,  were 
repeated  by  vote  of  the  vestry  on  Sunday  afternoons  in  King's 
Chapel.  Since  that  period  various  arrangements  have  been 
made  in  successive  years  —  designedly  various,  that  there  might 
be  a  certain  freshness  of  interest  with  each  new  year  —  for 
drawing  a  larger  audience  than  would  have  attended  what 
seemed  a  mere  duplication  of  the  morning  service.  These 
methods  cannot  easily  be  traced  year  by  year.  Mr.  Foote's 
own  principal  part  was  a  series  of  lectures  on  the  biography 
of  the  Old  Testament,  and  another  series  on  Christian  Hymno- 
logy,  with  musical  illustrations  by  the  organ  and  choir.  Then 
there  was  for  one  year  a  course  of  sermons  on  Christian  doc- 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    HENRY  WILDER    FOOTE.        557 

trine,  delivered  at  Brooklyn,  repeated  at  King's  Chapel,  and  in  a 
printed  form  put  into  circulation  by  both  societies.  For  several 
winters,  for  the  first  time  in  1873,  leading  clergymen  of  differ- 
ent denominations  have  been  invited  to  preach  on  successive 
Sunday  afternoons  on  subjects  previously  announced.  These 
discourses  have  sometimes  alternated  with  sermons  delivered 
by  younger  ministers  of  neighboring  Unitarian  churches  spe- 
cially invited,  and  for  two  or  three  seasons  these  last  have  been 
the  sole  occupants  of  the  pulpit.  Pains  have  been  taken  to  have 
it  understood  that  the  society  on  these  occasions  extends  the 
widest  hospitality ;  and  the  consequence  has  been  that,  unless 
in  stress  of  weather,  there  has  never  been  wanting  a  good  and 
appreciative  audience,  while  not  infrequently  the  Chapel  has 
had  nearly  every  seat  filled.  For  the  last  two  years  the  chil- 
dren of  the  Boston  Female  Orphan  Asylum  have  occupied  on 
Sunday  afternoon  the  best  pews  in  the  Chapel,  having  previously 
been  gathered  in  classes  for  Sunday-school  instruction;  and  on 
pleasant  afternoons  the  lower  floor  of  the  Chapel,  with  the  chil- 
dren in  front,  has  presented  the  aspect  of  a  moderately  large, 
sometimes  even  of  a  full,  congregation. 

In  addition  to  the  public  services  of  the  Chapel,  Mr.  Foote 
had  for  many  years  classes  for  religious  instruction  at  his  own 
house,  which  were  always  well  attended,  and  for  which  he  made 
the  thorough  preparation  which  was  with  him  a  matter  equally 
of  principle  and  of  habit.  Among  the  subjects  of  these  courses 
were:  The  Church  at  Jerusalem;  The  Churches  of  Asia;  The 
Preparation  of  Greece  and  Rome  for  Christianity;  The  Lives 
and  Writings  of  the  Fathers  of  the  Primitive  Church;  The 
Festivals  and  Hymns  of  the  Early  Church ;  Church-creeds ; 
The  Hebrew  Scriptures;   and  Christian  Art  (with  illustrations). 

In  1878  the  Chapel  was  fully  fitted  with  gas-lights  for  even- 
ing service,  the  previous  arrangements  for  lighting  having  been 
partial  and  inadequate,  while  a  satisfactory  method  had  been 
postponed  in  consequence  of  a  lingering  prejudice  among  some 
of  the  older  members  of  the  congregation  against  the  opening 
of  churches  except  in  full  daylight.  The  partial  lighting  of  the 
Chapel  was  voted  and  begun  in  1872.  Previously,  though  with 
but  "  a  dim  religious  light "  from  movable  lamps,  appropriate 
services  of  worship,  with  the  celebration  of  the  Lord's  Supper, 
had  been  held  on  New  Year's  eve^  and  on  the  eve  of  Good 
Friday.''^  The  Chapel  has  in  later  years^  been  opened  in  the 
evening,  not  often,  indeed,  but  whenever  it  seemed  desirable,  for 

1  For  the  first  time  in  1S67.  *  Electric  lighting  was  introduced  in 

2  For  the  first  time  in  1S68.  October,  1S88. 


558  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

meetings  in  behalf  of  the  temperance  reform  and  other  causes 
of  public  interest;  while  the  afternoon  service  on  cloudy  win- 
ter-days has  often  needed  all  the  light  that  could  be  thrown 
upon  it. 

The  use  of  the  Chapel  at  alternate  hours  on  Sunday  was 
offered  at  different  times  to  the  proprietors  of  Trinity  Church 
after  the  destruction  of  their  church  in  Summer  Street,  and  to 
the  Second  Church  and  the  Brattle  Square  Church  in  the 
intervals  between  their  vacating  their  old  and  taking  possession 
of  their  new  churches.  The  invitation  was  accepted  by  the 
Second  Church  for  several  months,  and  by  Trinity  Church  for 
the  delivery  of  the  Price  Lectures. 

In  1871  the  arrangement  was  made  by  which  the  worshippers 
at  King's  Chapel,  the  First  Church,  the  Second  Church,  the 
Arlington  Street  and  the  Brattle  Square  churches  —  the  place  of 
the  latter  being  afterward  taken  by  the  Hollis  Street  Church  — 
maintained  for  ten  weeks  of  summer  vacation  a  union  service  in 
the  several  churches  in  turn,  each  minister  preaching  two  Sun- 
days, and  the  responsibility  for  the  music  resting  upon  the  church 
occupied  for  the  season.  Mr.  Foote,  while  he  bore  his  part  in  this 
arrangement,  became  convinced  that  it  was  desirable  that  King's 
Chapel,  if  no  other  church,  should  be  opened  through  the 
summer,  on  account  of  the  many  strangers  and  persons  who 
had  no  church-home  who  always  attended  service  there  when 
the  Chapel  was  open ;  and  had  his  life  been  spared  another 
summer,  it  was  in  his  heart  to  give  himself  a  shortened  vaca- 
tion, and  to  renew  the  old  custom  by  which  the  churches  were 
open  for  worship  every  Sunday  in  the  year. 

On  May  30th,  1874,  Post  113  of  the  Grand  Army  held  its 
memorial  service  in  King's  Chapel.  The  occasion  was  one  of 
deep  solemnity,  as  the  church  was  full  of  so  many  recent  mem- 
ories of  those  for  whom  at  that  early  day  it  seemed  a  second 
funeral.  The  part  taken  by  the  officers  of  the  Post  was  beau- 
tifully appropriate,  and  Mr.  Foote's  address,  while  redolent 
of  the  emotion  which  all  felt  who  recalled  the  living  record  of 
those  whom  that  church  had  given  to  the  country,  was  at  the 
same  time  so  rich  in  the  wisdom  of  far-seeing  Christian  patrio- 
tism as  to  merit  a  much  wider  and  more  permanent  interest 
than  could  be  called  forth  by  its  publication  in  the  papers  of 
the  day.  Mr.  Foote's  tributes  to  those  whose  names  were 
inscribed  on  the  commemorative  tablet  were  biographical 
sketches,  with  the  distinguishing  characteristic  which  made 
each  of  them  a  vivid  portraiture.     At  the  same  time  he  gave 


THE    MINISTRY   OF   HENRY   WILDER   FOOTE.        559 

utterance  to  sentiments  with  regard  to  our  Southern  brethren 
not  unfamiHar  now,  but  then  strange  from  Northern  Hps.  We 
quote  his  words :  — 

"  In  the  memorial  rites  of  this  day  let  us  mingle  no  thought  of  bitter- 
ness against  those  who  stood  against  you  in  battle  in  those  days  forever 
past.  They  are  our  brethren,  and  they  and  we  have  the  common  work 
together  of  building  up,  through  centuries  to  come,  the  mighty  fabric  of 
a  Christian  commonwealth.  It  was  in  no  personal  triumph  over  them 
that  the  Nation  hailed  God's  awful  angel  of  victory ;  and  as  the  best 
fruits  of  that  victory  we  hail  every  sign  of  a  returning  brotherhood. 
Surely  we  respond  in  this  hour  to  that  appeal  from  a  Southern  man  in 
the  halls  of  Congress  to  remember  that  their  dead,  too,  were  Americans  ; 
and  the  heritage  of  the  valor  and  devotion  of  both  belongs  to  the  whole 
land.  On  the  battle-fields  of  Sedan  and  Metz  one  may  read  over  the 
grassy  mounds  the  words  :  '  Here  Frenchmen  and  Germans  rest  together 
in  God.'  This  people  is  great  enough  and  strong  enough  to  write  as 
generous  a  word  over  all  its  children." 

In  1874  the  Rev.  Dr.  Walker  died,  after  a  short  illness,  having 
passed  his  eightieth  year  with  no  decline  of  mental  vigor  and 
with  no  disabling  physical  infirmity.  He  had  been  intimately 
connected  with  King's  Chapel,  having  occupied  the  pulpit  for 
a  large  part  of  the  time  between  Dr.  Peabody's  death  and  Mr. 
Foote's  settlement.  Indeed,  had  he  been  willing  at  so  advanced 
an  age  to  renew  the  labors  of  the  ministry,  he  would  have  had 
the  unanimous  choice  of  the  society  as  their  pastor.  Mr.  Foote 
had  been  intimately  associated  with  him  from  his  childhood, 
and  had  been  during  his  Cambridge  life  a  constant  visitor  at 
his  house.  He  therefore  not  only  took  a  prominent  part  in 
the  funeral  service  at  Cambridge,  but  preached  a  commemora- 
tive sermon,  which  was  second  in  discriminating  eulogy  to  none 
of  the  several  biographical  sketches  prepared  by  admiring 
friends  and  pupils. 

In  that  same  year  occurred  the  death  of  Charles  Sumner, 
whose  funeral  services  were  conducted  in  the  Chapel  by  Mr, 
Foote  in  his  usual  impressive  manner.  The  occasion  brought 
together  a  larger  array  of  public  officials  and  distinguished 
citizens  than  can  be  often  convened ;  and  it  was  so  conducted 
as  to  make  it  emphatically  an  hour,  not  of  man-worship,  but  of 
God-worship.  On  the  following  Sunday  Mr.  Foote  delivered 
a  sermon,  which  without  fulsome  panegyric  did  ample  justice 
to  the  virtues  and  services  of  one  who  had  borne  so  large  a  part 
and  so  long  in  shaping  the  history  of  the  country. 

Both  these  sermons  were  printed  at  the  request  of  the  Vestry. 


56o  ANNALS    OF   KING'S   CHAPEL. 

Early  in  1878  Mr.  Foote  presented  for  approval  by  the 
vestry  a  collection  of  one  hundred  and  three  hymns,  and 
twenty-nine  tunes  adapted  to  congregational  worship.  This 
collection  was  duly  published  and  brought  into  use,  and  was 
reprinted,  with  additional  hymns,  in  1880. 

In  the  spring  of  1878  Mr.  Foote,  who  had  thus  far  enjoyed 
unimpaired  health  and  working  power,  suffered  severely  from 
bronchitis,  and  in  April  had  leave  of  absence  in  Europe  for  the 
recovery  of  his  health,  the  parish  continuing  his  salary  and 
supplying  the  pulpit.  He  returned  after  six  months,  still  an 
invalid,  and  received  a  new  leave  of  absence  until  such  time 
as  he  could  safely  resume  his  duties.  He  accordingly  spent 
the  remainder  of  the  winter  and  the  following  spring  with  his 
family  at  the  South.  He  returned  in  an  advanced  stage  of  con- 
valescence, but  with  a  liability  thenceforward  to  bronchial  in- 
flammation in  case  of  unusual  fatigue  or  exposure. 

In  April,  1883,  the  Committee  on  Music  was  authorized  to 
procure  a  new  organ,  to  be  placed  in  the  ancient  organ-case, 
with  the  understanding  that  such  portions  of  the  present  organ 
as  might  not  need  to  be  replaced  should  be  retained.  A  con- 
siderable part  of  the  old  organ  was  left  unchanged  because  it 
could  not  be  changed  for  the  better.  The  sum  of  6,000  dollars 
was  appropriated  for  this  purpose,  and  the  actual  sum  so  ex- 
pended was  5,050  dollars. 

In  the  spring  of  the  same  year  Mr.  Foote  read  at  an  informal 
meeting  of  worshippers  at  King's  Chapel,  at  the  house  of  the 
senior  warden,  a  paper  advocating  the  erection,  on  some  site 
nearer  the  present  centre  of  population,  of  a  building  for  the  use 
of  the  Sunday-school  and  of  the  various  charitable  organizations. 
His  views  of  the  expediency  of  this  enterprise  were  received 
with  great  interest,  were  warmly  seconded  by  some  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  congregation  who  were  present,  and  were  regarded 
by  all  as  worthy  of  careful  thought  and  inquiry ;  but  no  action 
was  taken,  and  the  subject,  though  by  no  means  dismissed  from 
Mr.  Foote's  mind,  was  by  common  consent  postponed  for 
further  consideration. 

On  the  1 2th  of  April,  1885,  Mr.  Foote  delivered  an  appro- 
priate discourse  on  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  introduc- 
tion of  the  King's  Chapel  Liturgy,  —  four  years  before  the  first 
edition  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church  of  America  came  into  use.  The  sermon  is  of 
permanent  value  as  an  historical  document,  and  of  still  greater 
worth  in  its  free  criticism  of  changes  that  have  been  made  since 


THE   MINISTRY   OF   HENRY   WILDER   FOOTE.        561 

the  Liturgy  was  adopted,  and  in  suggestions  which  cannot  but 
receive  due  heed  whenever  the  book  shall  be  again  revised. 
The  sermon  was  followed  by  an  address  delivered  by  Rev.  Dr, 
James  Freeman  Clarke,  consisting  principally  of  reminiscences 
of  Dr.  Freeman,  with  traits  of  his  private  character  and  details 
connected  with  his  leadership  in  the  separation  of  the  Chapel 
congregation  from  the  English  Church,  and  its  adoption  of  the 
reformed  Liturgy.  These  discourses  were  "  printed  by  request 
of  the  Wardens  and  Vestry." 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Proprietors  of  King's  Chapel,  April  26, 
1886,  the  senior  warden  presented  a  communication  from 
Mr.  Foote,  suggesting  that  appropriate  notice  be  taken  of  the 
approaching  two  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  organization  of 
the  church,  which  would  occur  on  the  15th  of  the  next  follow- 
ing July.  As  midsummer  would  be  an  tmfavorable  season  for 
the  celebration,  it  was  determined  that  December  15th  should 
"  be  fixed  as  the  day  for  such  a  service."  On  Sundays  the  5th, 
1 2th,  and  19th  of  that  month  Mr.  Foote  preached  historical 
sermons,  comprising  not  only  the  history  of  King's  Chapel,  but 
the  broader  relations  of  the  church  and  its  commemorative 
season  with  Protestantism,  Puritanism,  the  mother-Church  of 
England,  and  the  advanced  theology  of  more  recent  times.  On 
the  15th  the  arrangements  by  the  Committee  of  the  Proprietors 
were  such  as  to  present  to  the  eye  all  that  could  be  obtained  or 
devised  in  illustration  of  the  two  centuries'  life  of  the  church. 
The  following  description  is  taken  from  the  volume  containing 
a  full  record  of  the  commemoration:  — 

"  The  decoration  of  King's  Chapel,  both  exterior  and  interior,  for  the 
occasion,  was  designed  with  the  purpose  of  making  everything  employed 
illustrative  of  the  unique  and  historic  significance  of  the  church.  On  the 
outside  of  the  Chapel,  over  the  front  porch  on  the  face  of  the  tower 
behind  the  colonnade,  was  a  tablet  (six  feet  six  inches  by  three  feet  six 
inches)  surrounded  by  six  colonial  and  patriot  flags,  extended  over  the 
main  door  and  upon  the  walls  on  either  side,  —  a  total  width  of  eighteen 
feet.  A  large  palm-leaf,  painted  a  dead  green,  extended  across  the 
tablet,  upon  which  in  a  ribbon  was  written  '  King's  Chapel,  16S6- 
1886.' 

"  The  flags,  beginning  at  the  left  hand,  were  :  First,  the  sea-colors  of 
New  England  in  use  as  early  as  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century ;  the 
British  Union  of  1707  ;  the  Pine-Tree  flag  of  New  England  ;  the  Grand- 
Union  flag,  first  raised  by  Washington  at  the  camp  at  Cambridge  on  Jan. 
I,  1776  ;  another  early  flag  of  New  England  ;  and  the  flag  of  New  Eng- 
land sent  by  King  James  the  Second  with  Governor  Andros  in  16S6. 
VOL.  II,  —  3<3 


562  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

"  The  interior  decorations  consited  of  portraits  of  Royal  Governors 
and  others ;  of  twenty-four  Colonial  and  Revolutionary  flags ;  of  the 
coats-of-arms  of  the  Governors  and  of  other  distinguished  persons.  The 
Governor's  pew  was  restored,  its  dimensions  remaining  clearly  outlined 
on  the  plaster  ceiling,  and  its  shape  given  by  a  drawing  from  memory 
by  Miss  Sarah  H.  Clarke. 

"  The  galleries  of  the  Chapel  are  supported  by  eight  Corinthian  col- 
umns in  pairs,  which  continue  to  the  ceiling.  On  the  bases  of  these 
columns  were  placed  the  portraits  of  several  of  the  Royal  Governors  and 
of  some  noted  persons  who  worshipped  at  King's  Chapel,  in  the  follow- 
ing order :  — 

Rebecca,  wife  of  Governor  Joseph  Dudley. 

Governor  Joseph  Dudley. 

Governor  Burnet. 

Governor  Belcher,  painted  by  F.  Liopoldt  in  1729,  in  London. 

Lieutenant-Governor  Dummer,  said  by  tradition  to  have  been  painted 

by  Leiy  or  Kneller. 
Governor  Hutchinson,  painted  by  Edward  Truman  in  1741. 
Governor  Pownall,  a  copy,  painted  by  Pratt,  of  the  original  portrait. 
Peter  Faneuil,  painted  by  Smybert. 
Rev.  James  Freeman,  pastor  of  King's  Chapel  1 787-1836,  painted  by 

Christian  GuUager. 

"  These  portraits  were  kindly  loaned  by  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
Society,  with  the  exception  of  that  of  Governor  Burnet,  which  hangs  in 
the  senate-chamber  at  the  State  House ;  that  of  Lieutenant-Governor 
Dummer,  belonging  to  the  Misses  Loring ;  and  that  of  the  Rev.  James 
Freeman,  belonging  to  the  family  of  the  late  Mr.  George  Richards  Minot. 
It  was  found  to  be  impossible  to  obtain  portraits  of  some  persons  pre- 
eminently associated  with  our  history,  —  as  Governors  Andros  and  Shir- 
ley, —  while  some  of  those  represented  were  only  placed  here  officially, 
and  not  as  worshipping  here  ;  but  it  was  felt  that  they  might  properly  be 
admitted  as  types  of  the  period  to  which  they  belonged. 

'■  Upon  the  columns,  directly  over  the  portraits,  were  hung  the  escut- 
cheons containing  the  coats-of-arms  of  the  Governors  and  of  other 
persons  connected  with  the  Chapel  previous  to  the  Revolution.  The 
originals  of  most  of  these  coats-of-arms  were  hung  in  the  first,  wooden 
Chapel.  Beginning  on  the  left  hand  with  the  arms  of  his  Honor  Sir 
Francis  Nicholson,  Knight,  Lieutenant-Governor,  as  in  the  list  on  the 
programme,  the  series  ended  on  the  right  hand  with  those  of  Captain 
Francis  Hamilton,  of  His  Majesty's  ship-of-war  'Kingfisher,'  in  1687. 

"  The  front  of  the  galleries  is  ornamented  with  raised  panels,  three 
between  each  set  of  columns,  —  twenty-four  in  all.  Each  of  these  panels 
contained  a  Colonial  or  a  Revolutionary  flag,  beginning  with  the  Cross 
of  St.  George,  and  ending  with  the  first  American  flag  unfurled  at  the 
battle  of  Brandy  wine,  September,  1777.  Among  them  were  the  flag  of 
New  England  under  Andros ;  the  flag  of  the  Province  of  Massachusetts 


THE    MINISTRY    OF    HENRY   WILDER   FOOTE.        563 

Bay  previous  to  1 700 ;  the  blue  flag  with  the  crescent  raised  on  Fort 
Sullivan  by  Moultrie  in  1775  ;  the  Pine-Tree  flag  of  New  England;  the 
yellow  field,  with  the  coiled  rattlesnake,  —  a  flag  often  carried  by  the 
Patriots,  and  a  favorite  ornament  on  their  drum-heads  ;  the  rattlesnake 
flag,  with  the  motto,  '  Don't  tread  on  me,'  used  by  Paul  Jones ;  a  pine- 
tree  flag,  with  rattlesnake  coiled  at  its  roots,  —  the  flag  hoisted  by  the 
Massachusetts  State  cruisers ;  the  Beaver  flag,  used  by  the  merchants  of 
New  York  before  the  Revolution;  the  Grand-Union  flag  of  1776  ;  and 
a  Revolutionary  flag  of  Rhode  Island. 

"The  portraits,  escutcheons,  and  flags  were  connected  by  a  double 
garland  of  laurel. 

"  The  reading-desk  was  enveloped  in  a  British  flag ;  and  the  front  of 
the  organ  loft  was  draped  with  large  banners,  representing  the  Lion  of 
St.  Andrew  on  a  yellow  ground,  the  pre-Revolutionary  flags  of  New 
England,  and  the  British  Union  Jack. 

"  On  the  restored  Governor's  pew  was  placed  the  ancient  crown  from 
the  top  of  the  organ.  In  front  of  the  pulpit  hung  the  carved  tablet  bear- 
ing the  Royal  Arms  of  England  which  formerly  hung  over  the  door  of 
the  old  Province  House,  and  is  now  in  the  possession  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Historical  Society.  On  the  communion-table,  beneath  the  windows 
of  Munich  glass  which  the  late  Mr.  John  Amory  Lowell  gave  to  the 
church,  was  spread  the  church  silver,  —  embracing  various  pieces  given 
by  members  of  the  parish  in  the  last  century,  the  beautiful  memorial 
pieces  of  President  James  Walker,  and  the  rich  communion  service 
formerly  belonging  to  the  New  North  Church,  which  was,  on  the  dis- 
solution of  that  ancient  parish  in  1873,  bought  and  presented  to  King's 
Chapel  by  members  of  our  congregation." 

The  service  was  attended  by  a  crowded  congregation,  in 
which  State  and  Church  were  fully  represented,  —  the  State  by 
its  chief  magistrate  and  a  large  number  of  past  and  present  mem- 
bers of  the  judiciary  and  legislative  departments;  the  Church, 
by  distinguished  and  lionored  clergymen  and  laymen  of  various 
denominations.  The  music  consisted  of  several  chants  admir- 
ably rendered,  a  version  of  the  Twenty-third  Psalm  from  Ma- 
ther's "  Psalterium  Americanum,"  sung  to  "York  Tune,"  taken 
from  an  American  music-book  of  171 2,  and  hymns  written  for 
the  occasion  by  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes  and  William  Everett. 
An  "  Address  of  Welcome  "  in  behalf  of  the  church  was  de- 
livered by  William  Minot.  Addresses  were  afterward  made 
by  the  pastor,  by  Governor  Robinson,  by  President  Eliot  of 
Harvard  University,  a  child  of  the  church,  and  by  several  clergy- 
men, among  whom  were  the  Rev.  Dr.  Phillips  Brooks,  rector 
of  Trinity  Church,  —  which  was  at  the  outset  a  colony  from 
King's  Chapel, —  and  the  Rev.  George  A.  Gordon,  pastor  of  the 


564  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Old  South  Church,  which  enjoyed  the  hospitahty  of  the  Chapel 
during  the  period  when  its  own  place  of  worship  was  defaced 
and  desecrated  by  the  occupancy  of  the  British  troops,  and 
until  it  could  be  repaired  and  renovated.  Dr.  Holmes  also, 
who  has  been  for  many  years  a  worshipper  at  the  Chapel,  read 
apoem^  full  of  the  spirit  of  the  day.  Loving  tributes  were  paid 
to  the  memory  of  Drs.  Freeman,  Greenwood,  and  Peabody, 
and  among  the  felicities  of  the  day  was  an  address  by  Dr.  Pea- 
body's  son.  Professor  Francis  Greenwood  Peabody,  endeared  to 
the  older  worshippers  in  the  Chapel  for  his  own  sake,  for  his 
father's  sake,  and  for  the  name  which  his  father  gave  him. 
Grateful  mention  was  also  made  of  a  long  line  of  those  who 
had  regarded  the  Chapel  as  to  themselves  the  special  "  house 
of  God  and  the  gate  of  heaven,"  and  whose  names  are  still  held 
in  enduring  honor,  —  of 

"James  Jackson,  whose  benignant  presence  fully  shared  with  his  sur- 
passing science  and  skill  the  conquest  of  disease  and  suffering ;  William 
Minot,  than  whom  no  man  ever  had  more  entirely  the  confidence, 
respect,  and  reverence  of  the  whole  community,  who  told  the  secret, 
the  open  secret,  of  his  life  when  on  the  margin  of  the  death-river  he 
said,  '  I  have  no  hope  but  in  my  Saviour,  —  through  him  alone  I  have 
a  trembling,  yet  confident,  assurance  of  heavenly  happiness ; '  Charles 
Pelham  Curtis,  long  a  most  efficient  officer  and  care-taker  of  this  church, 
in  which  he  was  loved  and  honored,  and  but  one  of  a  family  largely  and 
still  identified  with  the  Christian  worship,  work,  and  cherished  fellowship 
of  King's  Chapel ;  Thomas  Bulfinch,  by  both  parents  the  rich  inher- 
itor of  ancestral  virtues,  an  accomplished  scholar  too,  whose  modesty 
would  have  veiled  the  light  of  his  pure  and  sweet  life,  had  it  not  been 
kindled  from  that  central  sun  whose  rays  a  meek  and  lowly  spirit  cannot 
hide  ;  John  Amory  Lowell,  toward  whom  there  seemed  a  perpetual 
gravitation  of  trusts  of  the  highest  moment,  that  would  have  weighed 
down  almost  any  other  man,  but  which  only  brought  out  into  the  clearer 
relief  his  wisdom,  his  fertility  of  resource,  and  his  unsurpassed  fidelity  ; 
Samuel  Atkins  Eliot,  walking  in  his  uprightness  in  sunshine  and  in 
shadow,  who  could  no  more  have  swerved  from  the  right  than  the 
stars  from  their  courses ;  Joseph  Coolidge,  than  whom  this  church  had 
no  more  loyal  and  no  more  worthy  member,  his  heart-home  always  here 
in  distant  sojourns  and  in  far-off  lands ;  George  Barrell  Emerson,  the 
pioneer  of  reformed  and  truly  Christian  education,  whose  school  was 
always  a  sanctuary,  and  its  training  no  less  for  heaven  than  for  earth ; 
Francis  Cabot  Lowell,  who  in  blended  dignity  and  grace,  in  transparent 
purity  of  soul  and  of  life,  presented  all  the  traits  that  go  to  make  up 
that  highest  style  of  man,  the  Christian  gentleman  ;  Edward  Pickering, 
meet  representative  of  a  family  illustrious  equally  for  public  service  and 

1  This  poem,  and  the  inscription  on  1895  to  Dr.  Holmes'  memory,  are  printed 
the  monument  erected  in  the  Chapel  in     on  pp.  626,  627,  629,  post. 


THE    MINISTRY   OF    HENRY    WILDER    FOOTE.  565 

for  private  worth ;  Joshua  Thomas  Stevenson,  who  in  the  stress  of  ar- 
duous official  duty  and  weighty  responsibihty  found  time  and  heart  for 
hardly  less  arduous  work  in  the  hospital,  whose  interests,  in  pure  phi- 
lanthropy, he  made  his  special  charge ;  George  Tyler  Bigelow,  so 
admirably  fitted  to  preside  in  a  court  on  whose  integrity  not  a  momen- 
tary cloud  has  ever  rested ;  .  .  .  and  Charles  Francis  Adams,  whose  name 
will  gain  new  lustre  with  the  lapse  of  years,  and  whom  posterity  will 
regard  as  having  borne  at  least  as  important  a  part  in  our  country's 
second  birth  as  his  grandfather  in  the  conflict  through  which  it  first 
struggled  into  Hfe."  ^ 

The  entire  service  was  all  that  could  be  desired ;  and  the 
volume  which  records  it,  and  contains  with  the  Addresses  the 
three  historical  Sermons,  is  precious  not  only  as  a  valuable 
contribution  to  the  church  history  of  Boston,  but  no  less  so  for 
its  wealth  of  thought  and  sentiment  on  a  high  plane  of  literary 
excellence  and  devotional  feeling. 

Mr.  Foote  placed  great  stress  on  the  memorable  events  of 
the  Christian  year  as  adapted  to  impress  each  its  appropriate 
associations  with  the  mission  and  work  of  Christ,  and  to  call 
forth  corresponding  sentiments,  resolves,  and  purposes  to  be 
embodied  in  the  lives  of  the  worshippers.  For  nearly  twenty 
years  he  held  a  daily  afternoon  service  in  Passion-week,  beside 
the  Thursday  evening  Communion  and  the  full  morning  service 
of  Good  Friday.  He  prepared,  with  the  aid  of  Mr.  Tufts,  the 
organist,  books  of  Christmas  and  Easter  carols  for  the  children, 
which,  with  appropriate  prayers  and  responsive  readings,  formed 
the  special  afternoon  service  on  the  Sunday  before  Christmas 
and  on  Easter  Sunday.^ 

It  was  in  accordance  with  Mr.  Foote's  earnest  desire,  and 
with  his  cordial  co-operation,  that  the  midday  Wednesday  ser- 
vice was  begun  in  King's  Chapel  in  1884.  This  has  been 
renewed  each  subsequent  winter,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Suffolk  Conference  of  Churches,  and  has  been  attended  with 
growing  interest  and  undoubted  benefit.^ 

Mr.  Foote  rightly  attached  great  importance  to  the  hymno- 
logy  and  the  music  of  the  church,  and  for  several  years  occu- 

1  This  list  Mr.  Foote  could  undoubt-  2  The  Christmas  carol  service  was  first 

edly  have  made  much  longer,  yet  even  held  in  1S65  ;  the  similar  Easter  service, 

then   incomplete.      It   would    be   made  in  1866. 

longer  now,  but  for  the  fear  that  some  *  In   1872   Mr.  Foote  held  for  three 

names,  signally  worthy  of  remembrance,  months    a    daily    vesper-service,    which 

might  be  omitted.     It  is  for  this  reason  was   well    attended,   but   could    not   be 

alone  that  the  list,  given  at  the  two  hun-  made  a   permanent    institution    without 

dredth   anniversary,  as  confessedly  im-  efficient  and  systematic  aid  from  other 

perfect,  is  not  amplified.  ministers., 


566  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

pied  much  of  his  leisure  in  collecting  the  best  hymns  for  public 
worship,  equally  from  among  those  which  have  a  just  prescrip- 
tive claim  to  be  retained  in  use,  from  the  hymns  of  the  Ancient 
Church  in  their  English  versions,  and  from  the  choicest  new 
hymns  by  living  or  recent  authors.  The  Hymnal  long  in  use 
in  the  Chapel,  compiled  by  Dr.  Greenwood,  was  undoubtedly 
the  best  of  its  time ;  but  it  was  out  of  print,  and  so  far  super- 
seded in  other  churches  that  there  seemed  to  be  no  sufficient 
reason  for  reprinting  it.  Mr.  Foote  had  nearly  completed  his 
Hymnal,  to  which  loving  hands  have  added  what  was  necessary 
to  fit  it  for  publication,  and  which  has  its  value  greatly  en- 
hanced by  the  labor  of  his  brother,  Arthur  Foote,  in  selecting 
and  adapting  tunes,  many  of  which,  favorites  in  English  churches, 
have  taken  the  place  of  tunes  more  familiar  than  congenial  to 
the  lovers  of  sacred  song  in  this  country.  The  book  came  from 
the  press  in  April,  1890,  and  was  adopted  by  the  Proprietors 
at  their  meeting  on  Easter  Monday. 

In  the  charities  of  Boston  King's  Chapel  has  always  held 
a  foremost  place,  both  as  regards  individual  donations  and  the 
appropriations  from  funds  collected  for  such  uses.  ]\Ir.  Foote, 
like  his  predecessor,  took  the  lead  in  every  philanthropic  move- 
ment, and  especially  in  those  forms  of  charity  which  involve 
personal  sacrifice  and  service.  It  is  impossible  to  specify  the 
various  modes  of  benevolent  activity  which  had  their  initial 
impulse  or  essential  and  constant  furtherance  in  and  from  the 
Chapel.  The  members  of  the  congregation  have  largely  sub- 
sidized the  Benevolent  Fraternity  of  Churches,  and  it  was  at  one 
time  proposed  to  that  Fraternity  to  surrender  the  Bulfinch 
Street  Mission  to  the  entire  charge  of  King's  Chapel,  —  a  pro- 
posal which  was  declined,  probably  on  sufficient  grounds.  A 
large  amount  of  Christian  work  has  been  performed  in  connec- 
tion with  various  North  End  missions,  by  the  Employment 
Society  of  ladies  connected  with  the  Chapel,  and  in  not  a  few 
enterprises  for  the  relief  of  suffering,  for  the  secular  and  reli- 
gious instruction  of  the  unprivileged  classes,  and  for  the  reform- 
ation of  reclaimable  wrong-doers.  Miss  Damon,  who  has  been 
singularly  successful  in  missionary  labor,  v?as  employed  in  that 
service  by  the  King's  Chapel  Society  under  the  special  direc- 
tion of  Mr.  Foote,  at  first  in  Boston  proper,  and  afterwards  for 
a  series  of  years  in  East  Boston.  The  support  of  the  North 
Bennett  Street  workrooms  was  due,  at  the  outset,  mainly  to 
King's  Chapel,  as  has  been,  in  part,  the  maintenance  of  dis- 
trict nurses  for  the  poor. 


MINISTRY   OF   HENRY   WILDER   FOOTE.  567 

The  charities  rendered  necessary  by  the  War  of  the  Rebel- 
lion had  no  more  earnest  advocate  than  Mr.  Foote,  and  no 
more  generous  contributors  than  the  members  of  his  Church. 
Large  subsidies  were  furnished  for  Miss  Dix's  work  among 
the  sufferers  during  the  war,  for  the  relief  of  the  refugees  at 
St.  Louis,  for  a  fair  held  at  that  city  under  Dr.  Eliot's  auspices, 
and  for  the  Western  Sanitary  Commission.  For  several  years 
King's  Chapel  maintained  two  or  three  teachers  of  freedmen, 
and  sent  well-stocked  Christmas  boxes  to  Aiken  and  to  various 
other  places  in  like  need.  The  Hampton  School  has  had  no 
more  generous  or  constant  contributors  than  members  of  the 
Chapel  congregation.  Of  this  institution  Mr.  Foote  was  one 
of  the  trustees,  and  always,  when  he  was  able,  attended  the 
annual  meetings  of  the  Board.  The  beautiful  and  admirably 
furnished  hospital^  was  due  solely  to  his  beneficent  enterprise, 
and  his  name  is  cherished  there  as  second  to  that  of  no  one  of 
the  benefactors  who  have  aided  General  Armstrong  in  that 
pre-eminently  Christian  work.  In  a  sermon  preached  in  the 
Chapel,  Dec.  24,  1871,  Mr.  Foote  said:  — 

"  If  I  should  begin  to  count  the  ways  in  which  this  Church  has  given 
to  good  objects,  outside  the  church  doors  and  as  individuals,  there  would 
be  no  end.  I  wish  to  bear  this  public  record,  because  there  is  probably 
no  Christian  church  in  this  community  more  misjudged  in  this  matter. 
Yet  I  must  frankly  say,  that  a  part  of  our  reputation  is  our  own  fault. 
There  is  no  other  Church  which  I  know  of,  which  tries  so  anxiously  to 
hide  its  own  light  under  a  bushel.  If  it  is  good  to  show  that  we  are  not 
confined  to  our  Church  in  interest,  it  is  also  good  to  work  in  it  and 
through  it." 

For  two  or  three  years  Mr.  Foote  had  been  liable  to  frequent 
returns  of  the  old  bronchial  trouble,  and  with  it  there  were 
symptoms,  not  at  first  alarming,  but  undoubtedly  debilitating,  of 
heart-disease.  But  he  was  for  the  greater  part  of  the  time  able 
to  perform  the  stated  duties  of  his  office,  with  the  added  labor 
which  it  was  always  his  joy  to  render  in  every  good  cause,  till 
December,  1888.  From  that  time  he  was  severely  ill,  some- 
times in  apparent  convalescence,  but  from  month  to  month 
becoming  more  feeble,  and  for  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
time  regarded  as  in  imminent  danger.  In  April  there  were 
some  favorable  symptoms,  and  arrangements  were  made  for  his 
removal  to  his  seaside  residence  at  Magnolia,  in  the  hope  that 

^  A  memorial  tablet  to  the  memory  of  on  the  walls  of  this  building  by  members 
Mr.  Foote's  eldest  daughter  was  placed     of  this  congregation.     Sec  p.  62S,  f  est. 


568 


ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 


a  change  of  air  might  give  permanent  relief.  While  prepara- 
tions were  in  progress  with  this  end  in  view,  he  became  more 
severely  ill,  and  died  on  the  29th  of  May,  1889.  During  his 
illness  he  received  every  possible  token  of  affectionate  sympathy 
from  his  Parish  and  from  more  friends  than  could  be  easily 
numbered.  His  sufferings  were  severe  for  a  part  of  the  time ; 
but  through  the  whole  season  of  pain  and  infirmity  he  mani- 
fested in  full  the  sweetness  and  power  of  the  religion  to  which 
his  life  had  been  consecrated.  He  was  tenderly  loved  and  sin- 
cerely mourned  by  Christians  of  every  name  and  creed,  and  is 
remembered  by  the  entire  community  as  having  been  second  to 
no  man  of  his  time  in  the  service  of  sacred  truth  and  evangelic 
righteousness. 


FONT 
PLACED  IN  THE  CHANCEL   IN    1867. 


MEMOIR   OF   MR.   FOOTE. 


jENRY  WILDER  FOOTE  was  born  at  Salem,  Mas- 
sachusetts, June  2,  1838,  —  the  second  of  six  chil- 
dren, three  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  His  descent, 
on  father's  and  mother's  side  alike,  was  from  the 
sturdy  New  England  stock,  which  braved  the  dangers  and  hard- 
ships of  our  early  settlement  in  defence  of  strong  conviction 
and  earnest  thought;  nor  was  it  without  a  fair  degree  of  culture. 
Pasco  Foote,  his  paternal  ancestor,  came  from  England  to 
this  country  in  1634,  and  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Salem; 
while  his  maternal  ancestor,  William  White,  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  town  of  Haverhill.  Henry's  great-grandfather, 
Caleb  Foote,  was  prize-master  in  a  privateer  in  the  Revolution- 
ary War;  was  captured  and  imprisoned  two  years  in  England, 
and  died  in  the  West  Indies,  May  19,  1787.  A  journal  kept 
during  his  service  in  the  navy  and  subsequent  imprisonment 
was  printed  in  1889,  and  is  full  of  interest  in  its  quaint  portrait- 
ure of  a  life  of  energetic  and  patriotic  devotion.  His  son,  Caleb 
Foote,  was  born  July  15,  1778,  and  was  lost  at  sea.  The  Hon. 
Caleb  Foote,  third  of  the  name  and  Henry's  father,  was  born 
Feb.  28,  1803,  and  now  survives  at  Salem  in  a  vigorous  and 
honored  old  age.  He  was  early  apprenticed  in  the  printing- 
office  of  the  "  Salem  Gazette,"  a  paper  of  excellent  standing 
in  Salem,  and  afterward  became  editor  and  proprietor,  giving 
to  the  paper  great  abilities  and  a  discriminating  judgment, 
which  rendered  it  valuable,  not  only  as  a  vehicle  for  the  current 
news  of  the  day,  but  for  its  careful  selection  of  articles  of  scien- 
tific and  literary  importance.  He  also  at  different  times  served 
the  State  with  credit  as  a  member  of  the  Governor's  Council 
and  of  the  Legislature.  Oct.  21,  1835,  he  married  Mary  Wilder, 
the  second  child  of  the  Hon.  Daniel  Appleton  White  and  Mary 
[Wilder]  White,  of  Salem.  Daniel  Appleton  White  was  a  man 
of  rare  literary  attainments,  and  widely  known  and  respected. 
He  was  born  in  Methuen,  Mass.,  in  1776,  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1797,  was  for  some  years  a  member  of  Congress, 


570  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

afterward  Judge  of  Probate,  and  in  all  the  positions  which 
he  filled  eminent  for  his  breadth  of  view,  his  scholarship,  his 
conspicuous  ability,  and  for  his  attractive,  social  qualities.  Plis 
house  was  open,  in  the  generous  hospitality  of  the  day,  to  a 
wide  circle  of  men  distinguished  in  political  and  literary  quar- 
ters ;  and  his  interest  in  the  religious  questions  and  controver- 
sies of  his  time  gave  him  an  extensive  acquaintance  and  most 
intimate  relations  with  profound  scholars  and  teachers  of  the 
Liberal  faith. 

With  such  an  ancestry,  combining  in  rare  degree  ardent  love 
of  liberty,  unusual  literary  taste,  high  aspirations  for  religious 
truth,  and  quick  and  ready  sympathies,  it  was  not  strange  that 
at  a  very  early  age  Henry  manifested  great  decision  of  character, 
a  love  for  books,  a  strong  abhorrence  of  meanness  or  deceit, 
and  a  frank,  open,  merry  nature.  His  manner  was  tender  and 
affectionate,  and  his  considerate  thoughtfulness  of  others  and 
happy  disposition  rendered  his  childhood  one  of  great  sweet- 
ness and  promise.  A  diary  of  his  mother  yet  remains,  faithfully 
kept  for  many  years,  in  which  she  recorded  in  touching  phrase 
her  pride  in  the  boy's  youthful  growth,  her  ardent  satisfaction 
as  she  watched  his  development,  and  her  constant  anxiety  that 
his  every  instinct  should  be  pure  and  truthful.  It  is  not  per- 
missible to  quote  here  words  too  sacred  for  the  public  gaze, 
but  they  present  a  delightful  picture  of  that  happy  home  life. 
We  follow  in  the  mother's  words  her  prophetic  hopes  and  fond 
affection;  we  witness  the  gradual  unfolding  of  a  precious  life; 
and  as  we  read,  the  thought  comes  to  our  mind  how  uncon- 
sciously her  pen  reproduced  her  own  beautiful  character  in  the 
portrayal  of  qualities  of  mind  which  had  adorned  her  own  rare 
womanhood,  with  something  added  of  the  sterner  stuff  befitting 
a  manly  life  to  come  of  active  and  extended  influence. 

As  the  boy  matured,  and  habits  of  reading  and  study  were 
slowly  acquired,  no  pains  were  spared  by  both  father  and  mother 
to  guide  and  encourage.  The  home  was  made  the  centre  of 
influence  and  affection ;  instruction  was  given,  but  nothing  was 
lacking  of  healthy,  childish  amusement.  Children's  tales  and 
histories  were  read  together  by  the  fireside,  poetry  was  com- 
mitted to  memory  and  repeated,  selections  from  religious  books 
and  the  best  of  modern  authors  were  studied  and  discussed, 
the  boy's  youthful  enthusiasm  and  interest  were  stimulated  and 
fostered,  and  he  was  led  by  gradual  steps  to  the  acquisition  of 
correct  taste  and  judgment. 

At  the  age  of  eight  Henry  entered  the  Hacker  Grammar 


MEMOIR    OF    MR.    FOOTE.  '  5/1 

School  in  Salem ;  and  the  result  of  these  home  influences  was 
early  shown  in  his  uncommon  powers  of  application,  and  in 
an  ability  to  concentrate  his  thoughts,  unusual  in  one  so  young. 
After  a  few  years  at  this  school,  he  was  placed  in  the  Fiske 
Latin  School  in  the  same  city,  in  which  he  was  fitted  for 
Harvard  College  under  the  excellent  instruction  of  Mr.  Oliver 
Carlton,  entering  the  latter  institution  with  great  credit  in  the 
summer  of  1854. 

He  was  a  thoughtful  boy,  usually  quiet  and  somewhat  retiring, 
sensitive  by  nature,  and  not  easily  excited  unless  upon  questions 
of  moral  right  and  wrong;  remarkably  even-tempered,  but  of 
such  joyous  temperament  that  the  love  and  confidence  of  his 
schoolmates  were  quickly  gained.  With  it  all  was  great  fixity 
of  purpose  and  determination ;  the  stream  flowed  quieth-  but 
strongly,  with  few  ripples  upon  the  surface,  but  ever  moving  on 
with  steadily  increasing  power. 

While  at  school,  much  of  his  leisure  time  was  spent  in  his 
father's  printing-office,  poring  with  boyish  delight  over  the 
mass  of  books  and  papers  naturally  accumulating  in  a  place 
which  was  of  itself  a  small  library  of  current  literature.  He 
familiarized  himself  with  setting  type,  with  all  the  processes  of 
old-fashioned  printing,  and  to  a  certain  degree  with  the  names 
and  personality  of  the  public  men  of  the  neighborhood  fre- 
quenting what  was  in  those  days  a  sort  of  literary  headquarters. 
Doubtless  by  this  experience  his  mind  was  broadened,  and  he 
acquired  a  deeper  insight  into  human  character  and  into  the 
motives  which  influence  men's  actions.  It  is  difficult  now  to 
realize  the  importance  of  the  local  editor  of  a  prominent  paper 
at  that  time  in  such  a  place  as  Salem,  especially  when,  as  in 
the  case  of  Caleb  Foote,  he  represented  in  a  large  degree  the 
culture  and  social  importance  of  the  town.  The  printing-office 
was  the  centre  of  a  large  political  and  literary  influence.  From 
its  presses  went  forth  a  power  far  beyond  that  exerted  by  the 
numerous  local  journals  of  the  present  day;  and  the  columns 
of  the  newspaper  were  the  means  of  imparting  information,  of 
guiding  conduct,  and  of  extending  knowledge.  The  telegraph 
and  the  steam-engine  had  not  then  made  the  newspaper  chiefly 
a  vehicle  for  the  news  of  the  world,  with  its  unhealthy  sensational 
disclosures  and  trivial  personalities ;  it  was  a  real  moulder  of 
public  opinion,  and  a  powerful  controller  of  public  thought 
and  taste. 

At  the  age  of  twelve,  for  the  sake  of  obtaining  a  coveted 
collection  of  coins,  Henry  undertook  to  deliver  the  "  Gazette  " 


5/2  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

upon  one  of  the  largest  routes  of  the  city;  and  for  three  years, 
through  all  seasons  and  all  weather,  he  devoted  the  early  hours 
of  the  morning,  with  his  accustomed  zeal  and  energy,  to  the 
laborious  task.  His  father  writes  of  this  period  :  "  He  entered 
at  the  age  of  twelve  upon  the  duties  of  a  carrier  of  his  father's 
newspapers,  and  continued  them  for  three  years.  They  occu- 
pied about  two  hours  in  the  early  morning,  obliging  him  to 
leave  the  house  in  winter  at  five  o'clock,  in  summer  at  four; 
and  he  never  once,  whatever  the  weather,  shirked  the  hardships 
of  the  business,  or  neglected  to  answer  on  the  instant  the  stroke 
of  his  alarm-clock.  It  w^as  the  verdict  of  all  in  the  printing- 
office  that  the  paper  never  had  a  more  faithful  and  efficient 
carrier."  In  after  life  Henry  was  fond  of  dwelling  upon  the 
value  of  this  experience,  upon  the  habits  of  punctuality  and 
method  he  thus  acquired,  the  knowledge  he  obtained  of  the 
life  of  the  poorer  classes,  and  upon  the  depth  of  sympathy  it 
aroused  in  his  heart  for  struggling  manhood.  Things  like  these, 
trivial  in  themselves,  often  leave  a  lasting  effect  upon  an  impres- 
sionable and  receptive  nature ;  and  we  have  his  own  testimony 
to  his  appreciation  of  their  value. 

The  antislavery  movement  was  at  its  height  during  his  boy- 
hood and  later  youth ;  and  Henry,  impressed  by  his  parents' 
teachings,  and  proud  of  the  patriotic  achievements  of  his  an- 
cestors, entered  zealously  into  all  the  discussions  of  the  day, 
devoted  himself  with  all  the  ardor  of  his  nature  to  the  defence 
of  human  rights,  and  became  a  deep  student  of  the  political  and 
moral  bearings  of  the  great  contest.  This  love  of  country  and 
interest  in  all  that  concerned  its  intellectual  and  moral  growth 
increased  with  his  years;  and,  midst  all  his  engrossing  duties,  a 
large  part  of  his  time  was  always  given  to  instilling  patriotic 
duty,  and  to  helping  forward  efforts  to  elevate  and  dignify  the 
nation's  life.  His  profession  later  seemed  to  him  to  forbid 
active  participation  in  political  life ;  but  he  w^as  a  close  observer 
and  clear  thinker,  and  regarded  American  citizenship  as  a  sacred 
trust.  A  partisan  he  could  not  be.  Parties  were  to  him  but 
convenient  instruments  for  conducting  the  affairs  of  the  country, 
and  the  only  guide  to  personal  action  was  ever  to  secure  in  the 
highest  degree  the  real  welfare  of  the  country  by  honest  meth- 
ods and  through  agents  worthy  of  trust. 

Beginning  his  college  life  in  1854,  his  extensive  reading  and 
classical  knowledge  easily  gave  Mr.  Foote  a  high  rank  in  his 
class.  Whatever  he  undertook  he  worked  out  thoughtfully, 
with  a  genuine  love  for  study.     His  rare  mental  poise  and  the 


MEMOIR    OF    MR.    FOOTE.  573 

enthusiasm  of  his  nature  made  him  beloved  and  respected  by 
all  who  knew  him.  At  this  time  his  mother  wrote  of  him  : 
"  Harry  came  home  to  spend  Christmas.  I  did  not  know  there 
could  be  such  unalloyed  felicity  got  out  of  life  as  he  succeeds 
in  getting.  He  looks  all  the  time  as  if  he  had  that  minute 
heard  some  crowning  piece  of  good  news."  This  is  a  sunny 
picture  of  the  young  collegian,  yet  just  as  true  in  after  years ; 
for  the  happy,  winsome  manner  never  left  him,  however  great 
the  cares  and  anxieties  of  life. 

His  modesty  and  retiring  disposition  probably  lessened  in 
some  degree  the  number  of  his  intimate  friends  in  college ;  but 
to  many  of  his  classmates  he  was  bound  by  the  closest  ties  of 
affection,  and  especially  to  those  with  whom  he  sympathized  in 
love  of  the  classics  and  modern  literature.  Few  among  them 
read  more  or  with  more  discrimination,  and  very  few  possessed 
his  retentive  powers  and  rare  conversational  faculty.  His  mem- 
ory was  remarkable ;  and  his  familiarity  with  poetry,  with 
Shakespeare,  and  with  the  best  of  classical  authors  ancient  and 
modern,  was  illustrated  by  a  wealth  of  ready  quotation  and  by 
keen  and  clear  criticism.  He  was  a  student  of  books  and  a 
student  of  men  as  well,  an  excellent  judge  of  character,  and 
charitable  in  his  estimates  as  was  to  have  been  expected  from  a 
nature  so  generous  and  forbearing. 

The  college  years  passed  happily  for  him  until  his  senior 
year,  when  a  long  and  dangerous  illness  from  typhoid  fever 
interrupted  his  studies  ;  and  though  he  was  able  to  rejoin  his 
class  before  its  graduating  exercises,  the  precarious  state  of  his 
health  forbade  continuous  application,  and  prevented  his  attain- 
ing the  high  rank  otherwise  secure  to  him^.  The  loss  of  his 
mother  at  this  time,  who  worn  out  by  the  cares  and  anxieties 
of  his  illness  died  from  the  same  dread  disease,  added  to  the 
sadness  of  his  last  year  in  college.  With  her  his  relations  had 
ever  been  of  a  peculiarly  intimate  and  confidential  character,  and 
her  death  was  a  surpassing  grief  to  him.  To  her  religious  na- 
ture and  teachings  was  largely  due  his  own  high  spiritual  nature  ; 
and  it  is  more  than  probable  that  the  sadness  of  this  experience 
turned  his  thoughts  more  closely  to  the  choice  of  his  sacred 
profession.  Apart  from  his  college  friends  at  this  time,  Mr. 
Foote's  closest  intimacy  was  with  the  valued  friend  of  his  grand- 
father. Judge  White,  —  Dr.  James  Walker,  then  President  of  Har- 
vard College,  and  a  man  of  singular  wisdom  and  learning.  At 
his  house  he  was  a  frequent  and  welcome  visitor,  and  to  no  one 
in  after  years  did  he  render  a  deeper  feeling  of  gratitude.     Dr. 


574  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Walker's  broad  experience,  his  keen  insight  into  human  char- 
acter, his  unfaiUng  kindness  and  sympathy,  were  of  inestimable 
value  during  the  four  years  of  Mr.  Foote's  college  life;  and  he 
was  not  only  encouraged  and  aided  by  friendship  and  generous 
counsel,  but  impressed  and  guided  in  habits  of  thought  and 
style  of  writing  by  familiarity  with  one  who  was  a  model  of  the 
best  English  style,  and  a  profound,  eloquent,  and  philosophi- 
cal preacher.  Nor  was  this  a  one-sided  intimacy;  the  lovable 
qualities  of  Henry  Foote's  nature,  his  conspicuous  ability,  his 
fondness  for  research,  and  the  enthusiasm  with  which  he  de- 
voted himself  to  the  acquisition  of  varied  and  useful  knowledge, 
attracted  Dr.  Walker's  attention,  interested  him,  and  created 
almost  a  fatherly  relation  between  him  and  the  young  collegian. 
This  feeling  was  only  strengthened  after  graduation,  and  con- 
tinued a  source  of  constant  pleasure  to  both  during  Dr.  Walker's 
life.  It  was  a  great  happiness  to  Mr.  Foote  that  he  was  able  by 
delicate  attention  and  frequent  visits  to  Dr.  Walker  in  the  lat- 
ter's  declining  days  to  manifest  his  gratitude  and  his  appreciation 
of  the  value  of  this  long  friendship.  While  he  was  at  the 
Divinity  School  the  removal  of  Dr.  A.  P.  Peabody  to  Cambridge 
gained  for  Mr.  Foote  another  highly  prized  friend,  at  whose 
house  and  in  whose  company  were  spent  many  hours  of  pleasure 
and  instruction.  His  fondness  for  the  classic  poets  and  Italian 
literature  gained  him  also  the  notice  and  encouragement  of  James 
Russell  Lowell,  then  filling  the  Professorship  of  Modern  Lan- 
guages and  Belles-Lettres  at  Harvard  College;  and  in  company 
with  some  of  his  classmates,  Mr.  Foote  read  and  studied  with 
Mr.  Lowell  with  rare  delight. 

Graduating  from  Harvard  in  1858,  Mr.  Foote  entered  the 
Divinity  School  at  Cambridge.  He  had  been  brought  up 
with  conservative  Unitarian  views,  and  studied  to  fit  himself 
for  the  ministry  of  that  faith.  He  remained  in  the  School  until 
July,  1861,  so  distinguishing  himself  by  his  ripe  scholarship  and 
ability  that  before  his  course  was  completed  the  attention  of 
several  vacant  parishes  was  attracted  to  him ;  and  before  gradu- 
ating he  was  invited  to  the  Unitarian  Church  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  to  the  church  of  the  same  faith  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H., 
recently  vacated  by  his  friend  Dr.  Peabody,  and  soon  after 
to  King's  Chapel  in  Boston.  This  latter  church  had  for  him 
great  attractions:  its  liturgy,  adapted  from  the  Episcopal  form, 
appealed  to  the  conservatism  of  his  nature,  which,  though  broad 
and  liberal  in  its  doctrines,  was  attached  to  the  impressive  and 
formal  ceremonials  of  the  past;   its  history  was  rich  in  the  tra- 


MEMOIR   OF    MR.    FOOTE.  575 

ditions  of  the  earlier  days  of  the  country;  its  congregation  was 
a  large  and  cultivated  one,  drawn  from  the  most  eminent  social 
and  intellectual  circles  of  Boston  ;  while  its  pulpit  had  been  filled 
by  such  men  as  Dr.  Freeman,  Dr.  Greenwood,  and  Dr.  Ephraim 
Peabody,  all  of  them  of  eminent  character  and  ability,  and  of 
saintly  lives.  But  it  was  no  light  task  for  a  man  so  young  to 
follow  in  such  footsteps ;  and  however  conscious  he  might  be 
of  his  own  mental  equipment,  hesitation  was  but  natural;  not 
until  he  had  been  warmly  urged  to  accept  by  his  friends  Dr. 
Walker  and  Dr.  Peabody,  did  he  finally  determine  to  assume 
this  responsible  charge.  A  prominent  member  of  the  church 
had  recommended  him  for  its  selection  as  pastor  on  the  Biblical 
ground  of  the  "  faith  that  was  in  his  grandmother  Lois  and 
his  mother  Eunice."  No  advice  was  ever  better  justified;  for 
his  subsequent  success,  and  the  deep  and  abiding  love  of  his 
people  were  won  by  the  example  he  gave  of  implicit  faith  and 
conscientious  endeavor,  manifesting  in  every  way  his  pre-eminent 
fitness  for  the  pastorate  of  a  church  with  wiiich  he  was  in  fullest 
s}-mpathy. 

Dec.  22,  i86i,  he  was  installed  as  pastor,  and  assumed  his 
duties  with  modest  firmness,  trusting  in  God  to  give  him  power 
to  fulfil  the  hopes  of  his  people,  and  render  blessed  a  ministry 
of  absolute  and  pure  devotion.  While  it  is  not  the  province 
of  this  sketch  to  dwell  upon  his  connection  with  King's  Chapel, 
Mr.  Foote's  pastorate,  which  continued  until  his  death.  May  29, 
1889,  can  hardly  be  better  described  than  in  his  own  words 
shortly  before  he  parted  from  it  forever :  "  I  have  tried  to  make 
King's  Chapel  stand  in  its  place  in  the  Kingdom  of  Christ  and 
in  fellowship  with  all  Christians." 

It  was  an  exacting  position,  one  requiring  the  exertion  of 
vigorous  powers  of  mind  and  body,  and  in  its  scope  it  swept  in 
more  than  a  devotion  to  this  church  alone;  for  so  prominent  a 
place  made  him  largely  the  minister  of  a  great  body  of  those 
spiritually  needy  unconnected  with  the  churches  of  the  city. 
His  broad  and  ready  sympathies  were  at  the  service  of  all  who 
sought  or  would  accept  his  aid.  He  recognized  the  field  of 
Christian  endeavor  beyond  the  limits  of  his  immediate  parish, 
was  earnest  in  all  good  works,  and  gave  constantly  of  his  valu- 
able time  and  counsel  to  deeds  of  charity,  and  to  the  numerous 
organizations  in  behalf  of  the  poor  and  churchless  of  the  city. 
As  President  of  the  Benevolent  Fraternity  of  Churches,  and  as 
a  member  of  the  Boston  Provident  Association,  he  was  most 
efficient  and  active.     He  was  deeply  interested  in  the  Society 


576  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

for  the  Promotion  of  Theological  Education  at  Cambridge  ;  and, 
busy  as  he  was  with  his  parochial  duties,  he  devoted  himself  for 
some  years  to  editing  the  "  Unitarian  Review."  He  has  been 
described  as  "  a  model  pastor  according  to  the  highest  ideal  of 
the  old  fidelity  in  his  office ;  "  and  no  truer  or  more  fitting  words 
could  be  uttered  of  him.  During  his  pastorate  came  the  long 
struggle  of  the  Civil  War;  and  from  his  church  went  out  the 
flower  of  its  youth,  urged  on  by  his  teachings  and  encouraged 
by  his  hearty  blessing.  All  the  impulses  of  his  soul  were  ab- 
sorbed in  the  great  moral  question  involved  in  this  contest.  He 
watched  the  career  of  the  young  soldiers  from  his  church  with 
patriotic  pride  and  sympathetic  interest;  he  welcomed  them 
home  with  heartfelt  gratitude ;  and  when  some  of  the  noblest  of 
them  fell  upon  the  field  of  battle,  his  tender  and  touching  words 
bore  comfort  and  hope  to  their  bereaved  friends.  It  has  been 
truly  said  of  him  :  "  He  had  a  genius  for  consolation ;  and  none 
knew  so  well  as  he  what  to  say  and  what  to  leave  unsaid  in  the 
memorials  of  the  honored  and  lamented  dead.  .  .  .  The  strenu- 
ous, sympathetic  voice  of  the  preacher  and  the  far-away  re- 
sponses of  the  martial  music  [kept]  proud  holiday  together." 
The  alternating  course  of  the  struggle  filled  his  mind  with  anx- 
ious thought ;  but  he  never  faltered  in  his  belief  that  from  it  all 
would  come  a  freer  and  better  nation.  Victory  alone  was  not 
the  end  he  sought,  unless  based  upon  the  highest  grounds,  and 
consecrated  by  the  deepest  moral  purpose. 

His  fondness  for  the  study  of  history  and  for  antiquarian  re- 
search found  abundant  opportunity  for  gratification  in  his  con- 
nection with  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  the  American 
Antiquarian  Society,  the  New-England  Historic  Genealogical 
Society,  and  the  Essex  Institute ;  while  in  the  experiences  of 
his  own  church  he  found  a  storehouse  of  rich  material.  To  the 
latter  he  gave  exhaustive  study,  publishing  an  elaborate  volume 
of  the  "Annals  of  King's  Chapel,"  and  leaving  at  his  death  this 
second  volume  well  advanced,  —  a  work  showing  the  most  careful 
research,  uncommon  analytical  power,  and  so  great  a  capacity 
for  handling  in  an  interesting  and  attractive  manner  dry  de- 
tails of  history,  that  it  is  deeply  to  be  regretted  his  engrossing 
parochial  duties  left  so  little  time  at  his  command  to  devote 
to  similar  work. 

He  continued  in  the  pastorate  of  this  church  until  his  death, 
in  May,  1889,  with  unostentatious  fidelity  and  with  rare  success. 

July  9,  1863,  Mr.  Foote  married  Frances  A.  Eliot,  daughter  of 
Samuel  A.  Eliot,  long  a  member  of  King's  Chapel,  and  sister  of 


MEMOIR   OF    MR.    FOOTE.  577 

President  Eliot  of  Harvard  College.  Four  children  were  born 
to  them  :  Mary,  Nov.  6,  1864;  Henry  Wilder  and  Frances  Eliot, 
Feb.  2,  1875;  and  Dorothea,  Nov.  3,  1880,  of  whom  the  last 
three  survive. 

In  1867  he  laid  aside  for  a  while  the  duties  of  his  ministry, 
and  accompanied  his  father  upon  a  trip  to  Europe,  enjoying 
with  the  hearty  enthusiasm  of  his  nature  the  varied  experiences 
of  foreign  travel.  An  interesting  account  of  this  trip  was  pub- 
lished by  his  father  in  letters  to  the  "  Salem  Gazette,"  vigorous 
in  their  tone,  and  displaying  keen  powers  of  observation  and 
vivid  descriptive  faculties.  He  returned  refreshed  and  strength- 
ened, and  resumed  with  buoyant  spirit  the  work  of  his  profes- 
sion. At  no  period  of  his  life  were  his  powers  as  a  preacher 
more  marked  than  at  this  time,  and  his  influence  upon  the 
community  was  greatly  broadened  and  increased;  but  a  recur- 
rence of  the  troublesome  throat  affection,  which  never  afterward 
wholly  left  him,  enforced  another  absence,  and  from  May  to 
December,  1878,  he  travelled  through  Spain,  Greece,  Turkey, 
Palestine,  and  Egypt.  The  holy  associations  clustering  round 
these  latter  countries,  so  closely  related  to  his  life's  work  and 
study,  were  a  source  of  continual  enjoyment  to  him,  and  im- 
pressed themselves  deeply  upon  his  religious  nature.  Natural 
scenery  had  always  been  his  delight,  and  upon  this  journey  he 
revelled  in  its  most  attractive  form.  Nothing  seemed  want- 
ing to  his  complete  happiness  but  firmer  health  and  a  fuller 
opportunity  of  sharing  such  unalloyed  pleasure  with  those  he 
loved. 

He  rejoined  his  church  in  the  early  winter  of  1879,  rich  in 
experience  and  with  ardent  hopes;  but  again  his  labors  were 
for  a  time  interrupted  by  illness,  and  he  was  compelled  to  seek 
health  in  a  more  Southern  clime.  Returning  to  his  post  in  the 
spring,  for  some  years  he  continued  a  life  of  usefulness,  steadily 
gaining  in  influence,  and  increasing  his  hold  upon  his  people 
and  the  community. 

The  sad  death  of  his  much  loved  daughter  Mary,  in  December, 
1885,  came  to  him  with  crushing  force;  but  his  fortitude  and 
Christian  resignation  never  forsook  him,  and  without  a  murmur 
or  a  doubt  he  went  in  and  out  among  his  people  attending  to  all 
their  needs  with  a  cheerful  spirit,  chastened  by  grief,  but  reso- 
lute that  no  personal  loss  should  abate  his  zeal  or  impair  his 
usefulness  and  courage.  It  was  a  hard  and  wearing  inward 
struggle,  and  it  came  when  there  was  dire  need  of  his  utmost 
physical  strength.  Doubtless  complete  recovery  was  retarded 
VOL.  II.  —  37 


578  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

by  the  burden  he  so  uncomplainingly  bore,  and  he  was  less 
able  in  its  presence  to  contend  with  the  seeds  of  disease  already 
sown. 

The  commemoration  by  King's  Chapel  of  the  completion  of 
two  hundred  years  since  its  foundation  was  celebrated  in  1886. 
Most  elaborate  preparations  were  made,  many  distinguished 
gentlemen  took  part  in  the  proceedings,  and  the  church  was 
thronged.  His  position  as  pastor  naturally  made  him  a  most 
prominent  figure,  and  involved  for  him  great  and  fatiguing  labor. 
His  discourse  upon  the  occasion  was  learned,  thoughtful,  and 
eloquent,  —  second  to  none  of  the  able  addresses  delivered. 
He  entered  into  the  spirit  of  the  occasion  with  his  accustomed 
enthusiasm,  and  was  more  than  gratified  with  its  complete 
success.  So  much  interest  had  been  awakened  that  he  subse- 
quently collected  the  proceedings,  which  were  published  in  a 
most  attractive  and  interesting  volume. 

This,  perhaps,  was  the  culmination  of  his  life's  work.  The 
few  remaining  years  were  those  of  regular  duties  nobly  per- 
formed, and  a  continuation  of  the  relations  between  him  and  his 
parish  of  perfect  confidence  and  love.  While  far  from  robust, 
his  health  had  not  seemed  seriously  impaired  until  the  fall  of 
1888,  when  he  was  seized  with  what  at  first  appeared  only  a 
severe  bronchial  attack;  but  more  threatening  symptoms  super- 
vened. His  heart  became  seriously  affected ;  and  through  the 
long  winter  of  1 888-1 889,  he  suffered  greatly,  with  times  of 
alternate  hope  and  doubt,  but  with  calm  and  happy  resignation. 
His  sick  chamber  was  the  abode  of  cheerfulness  and  genuine 
faith.  Friends  who  came  to  visit  him  with  saddened  hearts  went 
from  his  presence  comforted  by  the  assurance  that  with  him  at 
least  all  was  well. 

In  alluding  to  the  loveliness  of  this  last  illness,  when  the 
Christian  spirit  of  the  man  of  faith  rose  above  his  painful  sur- 
roundings, the  Rev.  George  L  Chaney,  one  of  his  nearest  friends, 
in  a  touching  sermon  at  the  memorial  service  in  King's  Chapel, 
June  9,  1889,  used  these  words:  "  It  seems  as  if  he  had  been 
appointed  to  linger  on  the  border  line  between  the  seen  and  the 
unseen  worlds  that  he  might  confirm  our  faith  in  heaven,  even 
though,  like  enraptured  Paul,  he  could  not  wholly  report  the 
unspeakable  glories."  This  whole  sermon  is  so  full  of  deep 
feeling,  and  so  felicitous  in  its  illustration  of  the  character  of 
Mr.  Foote,  —  especially  in  its  happy  quotation  from  Mr.  Foote's 
own  words,  as  upon  his  bed  of  sickness  he  contemplated  the 
probable  outcome  of  the  disease,  —  that  I  may  repeat  here  many 


MEMOIR   OF    MR.   FOOTE.  579 

of  those  expressions,  uttered  at  intervals,  but  showing  how  pre- 
pared the  sufferer  was  for  the  last  great  change,  and  yet  how 
his  mind  dwelt  upon  his  work  in  life,  knowing  that  it  was  in- 
complete, but  conscious  that  he  had  given  his  best  endeavor : 

"  I  carry  unfinished  duties  out  of  the  world  with  me.  It 's  a  great 
cross  to  me." 

"  I  have  perfect  faith  in  the  divine  love.  We  can  bear  all  things  if 
only  the  Lord  will  not  withhold  the  light  of  his  countenance." 

"  I  have  never  had  any  dread  of  dying.  Why  should  one  dread  going 
nearer  to  God?" 

"So  little  way  —  so  near." 

"  My  mind  is  never  vacant  as  I  lie  here.  I  can't  talk ;  but  I  can 
think,  and  I  can  trusts 

"It's  the  same  world  beyond,  —  the  world  of  love  and  trust  and 
Christ." 

"  Faith,  faith,  faith  !  I  believe  that  what  I  have  been  taught  is  true. 
I  believe  that  what  those  I  have  loved  trusted  in,  they  were  safe  in." 

"  The  reality  of  the  divine  help,  —  if  only  I  could  make  others  feel  that 
without  dwelling  on  my  own  experience !  " 

"  How  the  wonderful  love  and  kindness  of  friends  surround  me  like  a 
benediction ! " 

Upon  his  bed  of  pain  his  thoughts  reverted  to  his  beloved 
church,  and  many  were  the  messages  he  sent:  — 

"  I  wish  my  people  knew  how  I  loved  them." 

"  Give  my  love  to  everybody  at  the  church." 

"  I  feel  so  sure  that  these  friends  who  have  met  me  in  the  care  and 
love  of  them  here  will  meet  me  in  the  same  care  and  love,  —  perfectly 
sure." 

"  I  do  so  long  to  reach  out  to  my  dear  people.  I  have  so  many  things 
of  love  and  trust  to  say  to  them  ;  but  I  have  not  the  strength.  It 's  been 
the  real  bond  of  pastor  and  people." 

"  They  know  without  my  telling  them  that  I  believe  with  my  whole 
heart  what  I  have  tried  to  persuade  them." 

"  Every  text  of  joy  and  faith  in  the  New  Testament  says  what  I  want 
to  say  to  them." 

In  April,  the  approach  of  the  Easter  Festival  filled  his  mind 
with  thoughts  of  his  people  ;  and  Easter  Sunday,  April  21,  1889, 
he  sent  this  last  tender  greeting:  — 

Easter,  April  21,  1SS9. 

Dear  Friends,  —  With  a  great  desire,  I  long  to  be  with  you  in  the 
joy  and  thankfulness  of  this  happy,  holy  Easter  time.     On  twenty-five 


58o  ANNALS    OF    KING'S    CHAPEL. 

Easters  I  have  had  the  privilege  of  standing  in  this  place ;  and  now  I 
rejoice  to  be  very  near  in  body,  and  present  with  you  in  spirit. 

Let  us  share  together  not  only  the  flowers  and  the  gladness,  but  the 
deepest  thoughts  of  this  festival  of  the  risen  Christ.  To  it  belong  all  the 
heights  to  which  our  souls  can  rise,  where  we  shall  be  in  communion  with 
the  great  host  of  holy  souls  on  earth  and  in  heaven,  and  all  the  deeds  of 
ministering  love  of  which  he  was  the  example. 

"  Active  in  charity, 
Praise  him  in  verity ! 
His  feast,  prepare  it  ye ! 
His  message,  bear  it  ye ! 
His  joy,  declare  it  ye  ! 
Then  is  the  Master  near, 
Then  is  he  here." 

May  the  God  of  peace  fill  our  thoughts  with  gratitude  for  the  great 
gift  of  trust  in  him  as  our  Father  and  in  the  life  eternal,  which  makes  the 
seen  and  unseen  worlds  one  ! 

A  few  weeks  later  the  final  summons  came,  and  May  29,  1889, 
the  earthly  life  of  this  faithful  minister  of  God  was  closed.  To 
the  last  his  thoughts  were  absorbed  in  his  family,  his  people, 
and  his  church ;  and  the  tender  messages  of  hope  he  received 
all  through  his  illness  were  met  by  the  most  grateful  and  heart- 
felt responses.  His  innumerable  expressions  of  cheerful  trust 
and  faith  during  those  painful  weeks  were  repeated  to  sad 
hearts ;  but  they  bore  encouragement  to  all  who  realized  what 
a  depth  of  experience  they  illustrated,  and  what  nobility  of 
character  they  exemplified.  No  better  or  more  characteristic 
illustration  of  the  beauty  of  his  utterances  can  be  given  than  the 
following  extract  from  a  letter  dictated  by  him  when  too  ill  to 
write:  "I  cannot  sleep  without  sending  you  a  word  out  of  a 
full  heart;  yet  I  will  not  speak  of  sympathy,  but  of  thoughts  of 

blessing  and  gratitude  with  which  every  thought  of must 

be  filled.  Let  me  share  with  you  your  thankfulness  for  her.  I 
pray  God  that  you  may  be  folded  about  by  the  light  and  peace 
into  which  her  precious  soul  has  entered,  and  I  know  that  you 
can  wait  in  trust  and  hope." 

The  man  passes  from  among  us,  but  the  memory  survives  as 
a  genuine  inspiration  to  holy  living.  The  life  of  Henry  Wilder 
Foote  was  not  an  eventful  one.  It  was  not  calculated  to  im- 
press those  who  seek  stirring  action  or  passionate  and  glow- 
ing oratory.  It  is  simply  the  story  of  a  long  and  successful 
pastorate,  wholly  devoted  to  the  duties  of  a  sacred  profession, 
and  relying  for  its  abiding  influence  upon  its  earnest  faith,  thor- 


MEMOIR   OF    MR.    FOOTE.  581 

ough  scholarship,  and  a  warm  and  sympathetic  heart.  His  power 
lay  in  a  well-rounded,  unselfish  character,  added  to  great  natu- 
ral ability  and  deep  spiritual  insight.  Had  the  modesty  of  his 
nature  allowed  more  determined  self-assertion,  his  talents  would 
have  entitled  him  to  even  greater  distinction  than  he  attained; 
but  he  sought  no  other  reward  than  that  acquired  by  unob- 
trusive devotion  to  duty,  and  absolute  sincerity  of  purpose. 
The  measure  of  his  influence  is  not  that  of  his  prominence  as 
a  preacher,  nor  of  his  success  in  maintaining  and  increasing  a 
large  congregation  active  in  religious  and  elevating  work,  but 
rather  in  the  example  he  gave  of  a  consistent  and  laborious 
Christian  life. 

He  was  fortunate  in  the  inheritance  of  a  cheerful,  sanguine 
spirit.  He  was  gifted  with  a  pure  and  impressive  style  ;  he  added 
to  an  engaging  manner  gentle  and  refined  tones  of  voice,  quick 
and  ready  sympathies,  a  thorough  intellectual  training,  a  mature 
judgment,  and  firm  and  courageous  devotion  to  the  truths  of  his 
faith.  He  was  liberal  in  his  views,  and  at  the  same  time  con- 
servative and  cautious ;  ready  to  accept  without  fear  any  result 
of  modern  scientific  investigation,  and  yet  slow  to  reach  con- 
clusions which  required  an  abandonment  of  the  strong  foothold 
of  his  earlier  belief.  He  accepted  nothing  without  profound 
study  and  reflection,  and  followed  no  guide  but  that  of  his  own 
honest  head  and  heart.  Theological  controversy  was  never  to 
his  taste,  and  in  his  preaching  he  but  rarely  entered  upon  its 
domains.  Sensationalism  and  pretence  he  avoided  in  the  pulpit, 
as  he  shunned  any  ostentation  or  unreality  in  private  or  public 
life. 

Though  with  few  superiors  in  the  Boston  pulpit  in  accurate 
and  exhaustive  knowledge  of  theological,  historical,  and  scien- 
tific subjects,  his  style  of  preaching  was  simple  and  clear,  never 
dogmatic,  but  impressive  by  its  vigor,  its  convincing  method, 
and  its  intense  spiritual  earnestness.  In  his  judgment  of  his 
fellow-men  he  was  candid  and  charitable ;  no  hasty  condemna- 
tion ever  fell  from  his  lips.  He  strove  with  all  his  might  to 
render  impartial  justice,  and  however  intense  his  hatred  of  the 
sin,  never  to  forget  that  the  unfortunate  sinner  might  by  kind 
and  just  treatment  be  led  in  time  to  a  higher  life. 

A  life  like  this  is  a  permanent  influence  for  good,  reaching 
far  beyond  its  short  span  of  years,  and  dependent  less  upon 
ostensible  outward  works  than  upon  its  own  simple  majesty 
and  holiness.  A  friend  after  his  decease  used  the  following 
words,  which  describe  the  feeling  of  so  many  others  who  knew 


582  ANNALS    OF   KING'S    CHAPEL. 

him :  "  I  had  great  satisfaction  in  his  friendship,  and  in  the 
thought  that  he  was  so  near.  I  think  I  never  met  him  without 
feeling  better  and  happier."  Upon  the  pedestal  of  the  marble 
bust  by  Thomas  Ball  erected  to  his  memory  in  King's  Chapel 
is  this  inscription,  not  only  showing  the  love  of  his  parishioners, 
but  with  rare  feHcity  portraying  the  character  of  the  man:  — 

HENRY   WILDER   FOOTE 

MINISTER   OF    THIS   CHURCH 
FROM    DECEMBER    i86l    TO   MAY    1889 
BORN    IN   SALEM   JUNE    2    1838 
DIED   IN    BOSTON    MAY    29    1889 

A   MAN   OF    THOROUGH    LEARNING 

BROAD   CHARITY   AND   CLEAR   UNSWERVING    FAITH 

GENTLE—  PURE  — STRONG 

WISE   IN   JUDGMENT 

TENDER    IN    SYMPATHY 

RICH    IN    HOLY  THOUGHT   AND   V^ORK 

REVERING  JUSTICE  HE   LOVED    MERCY 

AND    WALKED    HUMBLY    WITH   HIS   GOD 

HIS   EVER-PRESENT   SENSE   OF   DUTY 

INSPIRED   A    LIFE 

WHOSE  JOY   WAS    TO   STRENGTHEN   AND   CHEER 

WITH    VICTORIOUS   FAITH    AND   ABIDING    PEACE 

HE   LIVED    AMONG    US 

BLESSING    AND   BLESSED 

His  success  was  in  the  deep  impression  he  made  upon  the 
hearts  and  consciences  of  those  who  knew  or  heard  him,  and  in 
the  inestimable  value  of  an  inspiring  memory,  made  sacred  by 
the  evidence  of  high  talents  faithfully  used,  by  honest  and  con- 
sistent purpose,  and  by  a  true  and  pure  life  wholly  devoted  to 
the  spiritual  and  moral  welfare  of  his  fellow-men.  Lives  such 
as  his  are  so  far  above  the  materialism  of  the  day,  so  apart  from 
all  that  goes  to  make  up  the  whirling  activities  of  modern  soci- 
ety, that  they  are  impressive,  not  from  any  unreality,  but  as 
representing  something  higher  and  holier  than  our  common 
experience.  They  can  be  studied  and  can  well  be  imitated  as 
Divine  in  their  nature,  and  as  a  revelation  of  the  possibility  of 
an  approach  to  the  highest  standard  of  mortal  endeavor. 


APPENDIX. 


LIST 


OF 


PROPRIETORS    OF    PEWS    IN    THE   FIRST  CHAPEL,  PRIOR 
TO    1754,    COMPILED    FROM    THE   LEDGER. 


An  Account  of  the  Pews  in  Kings  Chapel  as  they  are  Numbred  &  Who  Are  the  Present 
Proprietors,  as  Examind  by  the  Records  in  the  Church  Boolcs  by  lames  Gordon  Ch  Warden, 
in  Aprile  &  May,  1747.  The  Numbers  Are  Painted  on  the  doors  of  each  respective  Pew,  in 
Oyle  Collors,  by  a  Vote  of  the  Minister,  Ch  :  Wardens  &  Vestry  ;  Dated  Aprile  13.  1733.  first 
Rated  or  assesd  March  26.  1744. 


Pew  No. 

1.  The  Gov' for  the  time  being  to 

Sitt  in  \v'  his  familly.  Called 
the  Kings  Pew. 

2.  Charles  Paxton  Esq^ 

3.  CoIlP   Estes    Hatch.      He    paid 

^10.  Mar  26.  1728. 

4.  Eliakim  Hutchinson  Esq"^ 

5.  Cap'.  lames  Forbes. 

6.  Henry    Frankland,    Esq":    (Title 

given  Aprile  15.  1747)  ;  for 
vv<;l'  he  paid  ^30.  old  Ten": 

7.  lames  Gordon.    (He  relinquish'? 

his  Pew  N'i'  67.  Value  £2$  & 
paid  £s  more,  Mar  3.  17434 
in  exch* 

8.  The  Children  or  heirs  of  Mad: 

Bannister. 

9.  Charles  Apthorp. 

10.  W'"  Speakman.     Voted  Apr:  6. 

1733  —  he  paid  ^15  &  relin- 
quishd  his  other  Pew  N?92. 

11.  Cap'  George    Ruggles.      (Title 

given  Apr:  15.  1747)  ;  for  w^.'> 
he  paid  /30. 

12.  The  heirs  of  Rowland  Howgh- 

ton,  dec;'.  Title  given  Apr: 
23.  1744.     Voted  July  5.  1742. 

13.  W'l°    Mary     Sanderson.       1735 

June  24.  voted  ^  to  her  pay- 
ing ^12  ..  10'.  &  the  other  half 
to  her  for  ;/^io-:-Apr  3.  I745- 

14.  Cap'  Francis  Wells — 

15.  Dor?  Wharton,  Widdow  ;  for  W^*" 

She  paid  £2$.  Sepf:  9.  1740. 

16.  In"  Read  Esq^ 


Pew 

17 


26. 

27. 
28. 

29. 
30- 

31- 


No. 

,  Mary  lackson  Widd"  Febr :  5. 
17389  Voted  to  her  paying 
^25 -for  it. 

.  Halsey. 

.  Cap?  Trecothick. 

.  lane  Wendall,  Widd?  Onehalf~ 
(voted  May  16.  1733)  y'^  other 
Relinquish  by  Luke  Vardy  to 
y^  Church. 

.  One  half  belongs  to  the  Wl*^  Mor- 
rice,  &  the  other  half  to  y* 
Church.    Morricep'.'^io.  ^^j 

.  Mary  Gibson-;  For  w'=''  She  paid. 
Mar  22.  1743,  for  £25. 

.  Tim:-  Winship,  One  half  &  Mat- 
thew y'=  other  }4.  Mar  24.  1743. 

.   Fisher  &  Davis  — 

.  Heirs  In?  lohnson.  (Voted  Sept' 
12.  1733).  Hep'.'  ^20-  for  it 
Sept-:  24.  1 733  ~  Sept-:  12. 1733 
^25.- 

,  to  Brittoon  forfeited  —  (This 

Pew  belonged  to  Philip  Bret- 
ton  &  AP.  Ingram  each  for  w'^.'* 
each  p.'  £5.  anno  1720. 

,   [Dr.  Matthew]  Nasaro. 

The  heirs  of Hunt.    Voted 

Apr:  13.  1733- 

The  heirs  of  Andf  Hallyburton, 

One  half,  &  Cooper  y-'  other  J4. 

Roger  Hardcastle.    (Title  given 

May  6.  1747) ;    for  w'.''  he  paid 

Mucklewain  ;  for  w'^.''  he  paid 

£2S  Mar:  22.  I743  4- 


586 


APPENDIX. 


Pew  No. 

32.  Thomas   Hayes,      (voted  Octo- 

ber 17.  1737.)  ;  for  w'^.''  he  paid 
^10.  Old  Ten":.  May  27.  1740. 

33.  Sam'.  Wetherids  ;  (for  w'^.''  he  re- 

linquishd  y'=  Pew  N?  22.  & 
paid  ^5—  Feb:  27.  i739,'4o- 

34.  Gov^  Shirley ;  (for  w"^.''  he  relin- 

quishd  y'^  Pew  N :  96  &  paid 
^10  Ian":  10.  1742/3. 

35.  Heirs  of  ColhW™  Tailor. 

36.  Heirs  of  Tho?  Wroe  ;  for  w'^,^.  he 

P"  £~S-  June  2r.  1730. 

37.  Girott. 

38.  Heirs  of  Peter  Fanneuil. 

39.  lames  Monk  ;  (for  w'^.''  he  p?^35. 

Mar.  22.  1743/4). 

40.  Silvester   Gardner ;    (for  w^.''  he 

paid  ^20.  to  y'=  W^':°  of  los 
Wroe  &  ^10 —  to  y^  Church  by 
Vote  of  Vestry,  p'?  May  27. 
1740. 

41.  W<^p  Wiburn    one    half,    &   Jn? 

Powell  % ;  (for  w^."*  Powell  p^ 
^10  Apr:  27.  1723. 

42.  lohn  Gibbins. 

43.  Honb'''   Paul    Mascarene    Esq":  ; 

(for  w"^.''  he  p"^  ;^2o.  May  31. 
1726.). 

44.  Heirs  of  Cap'.  In°Eastwick;  (for 

w"^."^  he  p.' ^30  Mar:  1730—); 
forfeited  &  Sold  to  M^  Ap- 
thorp  ;  Assignd  by  him  to  Bar- 
low Trecothick  1747  — 

45.  Henry  Loyd  ;  (for  w'^.''  he  p^;!^35. 

Mar:  3:  I743'4)- 

46.  lob  Lewis  Esq""  ;  (for  w"^.""  he  re- 

linquish his  pew  N?  —  to  y'^ 
Church  &  paid  ;^io  Dec":. 
1729). 

47.  Benj?  Siln?  Walker ;  (for  w<=.'>  they 

p?  ^20.  Novr  30.  1729). 

48.  The  heirs  of  Tho^  Newton  Esq! 

No  Contribution  paid  for  this 
Pew  for  5  years  past. 

49.  The  Churches.    Apropriated  for 

y?  Sextons  Wife  or  whom  the 
Church  thinks  fitt. 


Pew  No. 

50.  Tho!  Letchmere  Esq! 

51.  In?  Oulton  Esq": 

52.  Francis  Brinley  Esq! 

53.  lames  Smith. 

54.  Powers  Marriot. 

55.  The    Churches ;     for   her   War- 

dens. 

56.  Tho!  Hawding  —  ;    (for  w^."^  he 

paid  ;^3o  —  Sept!  11.  1740  ) 

57.  Mrs.  English,  &  Children  of  Mr. 

Colesworthy. 

58.  Doct":  lohn  Cutler ;  (for  vt'^l'  he 

pf  ^10  July  1725.) 

59.  The  heirs  of  In?  Nelson  Esq! 

60.  Rob'.  Auchmooty  Esq!    &    In? 

Overing  Esq!  (M!  Auchmooty 
p^  for  yi  £10.  Apr:  1723. 

61.  Geo.  Stewart's  heirs  ;  (for  w'^.''  he 

p'?^5.  Feb.  12.  1 720/1.). 

62.  Apropriated  for  the  Ministers  of 

the  Chapel  &  their  famillys  by 
a  Vote  of  Vestry,  Mar  30.  1733. 

63.  Heirs   of    Cap'   Cyprian    South- 

ack  — ;  forfeited  &  Granted 
to  Cap'.  Edw  Tyng.    luly  13. 

1747- 

64.  Apropriate  for  y":  Sea  Comission 

Officers. 

65.  George  Craddock  Esq! 

66.  Gilb'.  Warner,  One  half.  In?  Lewis 

Vintenon.  One  fourth  part,  and 
lames  Hodgson  One  fourth 
part.  la?  Hodgson  Relin- 
quishd  his  One  fourth  part  — 
&  it  was  granted  to  the  Wid- 
dow  Betterly. 

67.  Geo :  Arthur ;    (for  w'^.''  he  paid 

;^3o  —  Old    Ten!    June    19. 

1747). 

68.  W?  Randell ;  (for  w'^.'^  he  p"?  /20 

May  31.  1726.) 

69.  Heirs  of  Henry  Franklyn. 

70.  Charles  Apthorp. 

71.  Heirs  of  Richf  Hall. 

72.  Heirs  of  Ambrose  Vincent. 

73.  In°  Greaton. 

74.  Thomas  Pearson. 


PROPRIETORS    OF   THE    FIRST   CHAPEL. 


587 


76. 

77- 
78. 

79- 


Pew  No. 

75.  Heirs  of  Capl  Wybert. 
Luke  Vardy. 
Eliz-^  Covvell,  W^r. 
Heirs  of  Tho;'  Phillips. 
The  heirs  of  George  Shores. 

80.  The  heirs  of  Cap'.  Brett. 

81.  The  heirs  of  In'.'  Briggs. 

82.  The  heirs  of  Savel  Simpson. 
These   are   all   the  Pews  on  y<= 

ground  floor. 

Gallery. 

83.  Shaw  (S:  Crumstock  —  each  One 

half- 

84.  Henry  Caswall ;  (for  w'^.'^  he  paid 

^20.  March  8.  1724  5. 

85.  The  heirs  of  Capt.  In°  Cox. 

86.  lonas  Lenard ;  (for  w^.'>  he  paid 

^25.  lune  I747-) 

87.  Alice  Quick,  Widdow. 
88. 

89.  Peter   Stone,  One    half,  &  Geo 

Featherstone    the   other   half; 
(for  w'^J'  they  paid  £2^-  May  i. 

1747- 

90.  Heirs    of    Sam'.   Granger  -    (He 

paid  ^3- for  one  half.  Ocf:  19. 
1729.) 

91.  In"  Box;    (for  w'^J' he  paid  ^20 

March  19.  1743  4). 

92.  One  half,  —  Graffton,  &  the  other 

half  In?  Seaburn. 

93.  One  fourth  Langford's  ;  for  w'^.'' 

he  p'  £3-  15/    Aug  13.  1732- 
I  find  no  other  Title  now. 

94.  The  Churches. 

95.  One  half,  Cap'.  Doubt;  (for  w"]' 

he   paid    ^12.    10/.      May    i. 
1730). 

96.  lohn  Box  ;   (for  w'=.''  he  p'.'  ^22. 

10.  Mar:  19.  i743;4)- 

97.  lonathi'  Pew  ;  (for  w'.''  he  p'}  £2^. 

Mar:  17.  172930). 

98.  Sarah  Points  ;  (for  w'^.''  she  paid 

£25  Mar:  19.  1 743,4) • 

99.  The  Churches. 


Pew 
100, 


101. 


103. 
104. 
105. 
106. 

107. 
108. 

109. 


I  10. 
I  I  I. 
112. 

113- 

114. 

115. 

116. 
117. 
118. 
119. 


120. 
121. 


No. 

Cole  &Tho?  White.    (White 

paid  ^10  —  for  one  half.  Mar: 
22.  1743  4)- 
Martin    Brimmer ;    (for    w'=.''   he 

paid  ^20,  Dec':  8.  1729). 
In"    Deacon    &  Rob'.    lackson  ; 

for  w"^.''  they  p'.'  viz.    Deacon 

^10.  Apr.  7.  1740  &  Jackson 

^10  Apr.  18.  1747. 
In?  Mc   Neal;  (for  w<=.''  he  paid 

^20  Ian--6.  173940). 
Heirs  In?  Harvey;    (for  w^'!  he 

paid  ;^ 20  Mar:  2.  172930. 
Tho*:    Bennet;   (for  w'^J'  he  paid 

/20.  June  12.  1737). 
Tho"  Inches.     Marrid  to  y"=  W'l" 

Burrick  ;  for  w'^J'  Cap'.  Burrick 

p''^2o  Nov  20.  1729/. 
Cap'  Trecothick;  (forw'^i'  he  paid 

^20.   Deer.  1729.J 
Peter  Roe  &  And':  Frazier  each 

One  half  ;  (for  w''.''  they  p.'  ^10. 

each  Dec"^    1729.  — 
Keightley  One  half;  (for  w"=.'' 

he  p.'  jf^io  Dec:  8.  1729)  the 

other  half  the  Churches. 
The  Churches. 

Pilots. 

The  Churches,     the  Gov'' White 

Servants  placed  in  it. 

Williams. 

Lucas  One  half;  y<=  other  half  to 

be  sold. 
Morgan    Evans     One     half,    & 

Compton  One  half  —  forfeited. 

[-  The  Churches. 

In?  Brights  ;  forfeited. 
Youings   &    Palliere ;     (for  w'^.'' 

Youing  p'for  <4  £7.  10  .  lune 

21.  1742  3.  &  Palliere  £7.  10,. 

Mar:  25.  1744 
The  Churches. 
Nath'  Buer  ;  for  W^J'  he  paid  /20. 

Mar.  19.  1743  4- 
Reddings  heirs,  One  half. 


588 


APPENDIX, 


LIST 

OF 

PROPRIETORS    OF    PEWS    SINCE    THE    PRESENT    CHAPEL 
WAS    OPENED    FOR   WORSHIP,    AUGUST    21,   1754. 


This  list  is  chiefly  made  up  from  the  records  of  transfers  of  pews,  and  is  only  a  partial  roll 
of  Parishioners,  because  pews  have  frequently  been  occupied  by  several  families  of  kindred 
descent,  or  by  children  of  a  proprietor  for  many  years  after  his  death,  without  recording  any 
transfer.  In  many  cases,  also,  a  pew  has  been  retained  as  a  family  heirloom,  but  leased  by  the 
owner  to  other  occupants,  who,  although  often  among  the  most  valuable  members  of  the 
congregation,  were  not  named  in  its  legal  records.  Where  a  pew  has  passed  by  succession 
or  otherwise  without  formal  record  of  transfer,  the  date  is  enclosed  in  parentheses. 

Pews  Nos.  I  to  82  are  on  the  floor;  Nos.  83  to  98,  in  the  North  Gallery;  and  Nos.  99  to 
115,  in  the  South  Gallery. 

Lists  of  the  Proprietors  in  1775,  17S5,  and  17S9  will  be  found  on  pp.  321-329,  ante. 


No.   I. 

1754.    Barlow  Trecothick. 

1788.  Aug  2)^  Appropriated  to  Rev^ 
Mr.  Freeman,  and  occupied 
since  by  tlie  Ministers'  fam- 
ilies. 

181 1.  "This  pew  is  occupied  by  the 
Ministers'  families." 


No.  2. 

1754.  Hon^''=  George  Cradock,  Esq. 

1775.  The  Church. 

1785.  Sold  by  wardens  to  Ebenezer 
Oliver. 

1803.  Robert  G.  Shaw. 

1805.  William  Clap. 

181 1.  Samuel  Jackson  Prescott. 

1 81 6.  Transferred  to  wardens. 

1829.  Samuel  Appleton. 

1854.  Mrs.  Mary  Appleton. 

1870.  Transferred  from  Mary  Apple- 
ton  to  Maria  Goodwin. 

1890.  Miss  Delia  Goodwin. 


No.  3. 

1754.    Hon'''<^    Eliakim    Hutchinson, 

Esq''- 
1754.    Mr.  Henry  Lloyd. 


1775.    Henry  Lloyd. 

1785.    Samuel  Blagge. 

1826.   Joseph  Coolidge. 

(1840).    Mrs.  Elizabeth  Boyer,  widow 

of  Tasker  H.  Swett. 
1894.    Miss  Anne  P.  Cary. 


No.  4. 

1754.    Gov"'  William  Shirley. 
1754.   John  Erving,  Jr.,  merch't. 
1775.    Charles  Paxton. 
1785.    Perez  Morton. 

1792.    Dexter. 

1802.    Ebenezer  Oliver. 
1846.    Mrs.  Louisa,  widow  of  J.  Au- 
gustus Peabody. 
1868.    Mark  Healey. 
(1876).  Heirs  of  Mark  Healey. 
1881.    Miss  Marianne  W.  Healey. 
1891.    Miss  Emily  W.  Healey. 


No.  5. 

1754.  Charles  Apthorp. 

1775.  Grizzel  Apthorp. 

1787.  Christopher  Gore. 

1800.  George  Storer. 

1838.  Thomas  Bulfinch. 

(1867).  >  Bequeathed  by  Thomas  Bul- 

1875.  >      finch  to  J.  R.  Coolidge. 


Il        r'O 


I 

1- 


niii^jj^Jir 


•    •    o     e 


PROPRIETORS    OF   THE    PRESENT   CHAPEL. 


589 


No.  6. 

1754.    Thomas  Hawding,  ropemaker. 

1765.    Mrs.  Mary  Hawding. 

1775.    Sarah  Hawding. 

1785.    Thomas  Bulfinch. 

1802.   Joseph  Coolidge,  ]■■• 

1843.    Anna  S.  Coolidge. 

1863.    J.  Randolph  Coolidge. 

1866.    J.  J.  Dixwell  and  E.  S.  Rand, 

Trustees. 
1873.    E.    S.    Rand    and  Charles    P. 

Bowditch,  trustees  for  Mrs. 

Anna  S.  C.  Prince. 
1893.    Charles      P.     Bowditch      and 

Alfred     Bowditch,    trustees 

under  will  of  Mrs.  A.  S.  C. 

Prince. 

No.  7. 

1754.  Dr.  Thomas  Gibbins. 

1775.  Silvester  Gardiner. 

1787.  Sold  by  John  Gardiner  to  Jo- 
seph May. 

1789.  Joseph  Coolidge. 

1831.  Joseph  Coolidge,  Jr. 

1880.  Thornton  K.  Lothrop. 

No.  8. 

1754.  Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner. 

1785.  Isaiah  Doane. 

1792.  William  Saxton. 

l8o8.  Cornelius  Coolidge. 

1829.  Moses  Grant. 

1830.  John  Bumstcad. 
1847.  Robert  G.  Shaw. 
1855.  G.  Howland  Shaw. 
1866.  George  C.  Richardson. 
1887.  Francis  Brooks. 


No.  9. 

Samuell  Wentworth. 

Sold    by  wardens    to  William 

Deblois. 
William  Stackpole. 
Samuel  Swett. 
181 5.    Joseph  Coolidge. 
181 5.    Samuel  Fales. 
1849.    Lucy  A.  C.  A.  Dunlap;  Susan 
M.    Fales  and    Halliburton 
Fales. 


1754- 

1785. 

1796. 
179S. 


1S54.    William  Gray. 
1892.    J.  Edward  Addicks. 


No.  10. 

1754.    Col.  Isaac  Royall. 

1788.    Mr.  William  Breck. 

1792.    Herman  Brimmer. 

1800.    William  Pratt. 

181 1.    William  Donnison. 

1 81 4.   John  Brooks. 

1825.    Sold  by  William  C.  Gowen  to 

Frederick  Cabot. 
1830.    C.  J.  Hcndee. 
1834.    S.  C.  Thw'ing. 
1834.    Edward  D.  Clark. 
1838.    Aaron  Baldwin. 
1868.   A.  Charles  Baldwin. 
1875.    Francis  B.  Hayes. 
1SS6.    William  Power  Wilson. 


No.  II. 

1754.  Powers  Mariot,  .shopkeeper. 
1767.  Thomas  Knights,  merchant. 
1785.    Sold     by     Mary,    widow     of 

Thomas    Knights,   to    Kirk 

Boott. 
1808.    Jonathan  Patten  Hall. 
1867.    Mrs.  Mary  E.,  wife  of  William 

A.  Bangs. 
1872.    Mrs.  Anna,  widow  of  George 

Ticknor. 
1885.    Miss  Anna  E.  Ticknor. 


No.  12. 

1754.  Robert  Stone. 

1774.  Mr.   John    Taylor   and    Caleb 

Blanchard. 

1785.  Caleb  lilanchard. 

1S02.  John  Brooks. 

1808.  Dr.  William  Ingalls. 

1814.  W'illiam  Donnison. 

1834.  Catherine  L.  Donnison. 

1834.  Henry  B.  Rogers. 

1839.  Charles  H.  Mills. 

1845.  Nathaniel  Thayer. 

1847.  Samuel  Hooper. 

1877.  Alice  S.  Hooper. 
(1879).  Mrs.  Anne  L.  Hooper. 

1S85.  The  Church. 


590 


APPENDIX. 


No.  13. 

^775-  I  The  Church. 

1789-  S 

1826.   George  W.  Lyman. 

(x88o).  Heirs  of  George  W.  Lyman. 

1 88 1.   Arthur  T.  Lyman. 

1883.  Jacob  L.  Williams,  M.D. 


No.  14. 

1754.   Capt.  Robert  Parker:  given  by 
him  to  Isaac  Greenwood. 

^775- 1  The  Church. 

1789- > 

1832.    Robert  Boyd  Storer. 

1844.    G.  Rowland  Shaw. 

1847.    Sewell  Tappan. 

i860.    William  Amory,  Jr. 

1883.   Mrs.  Susan  W.  Farwell. 


No.  15. 

1754.   Phillip  Godfred  Kast. 

^775- 1  The  Church. 

i789-i 

1 83 1.   John  T.  Coolidge. 

1890.   John  T.  Coolidge. 


1754- 

1775- 
1789. 
1829. 
1866. 
1873- 


1754- 
1765. 
1785. 
1840. 
1844. 

1859. 
1880. 


No.  16. 
William  Tailer. 
>  The  Church. 

Samuel  C.  Gray. 
Charles  Merriam. 
Transferred  by  Charles   Mer- 
riam to  William  S.  Dexter. 


No.  17. 

Henry  Vassall,  Esq^ 

John  Box,  Jr. 

John  Homer. 

J.  Amory  Appleton. 

Mary  Ellen  Appleton. 

Sewell  Tappan. 

John  T.  Morse,  Jr.,  and  Fran- 
cis H.  Appleton,  trustees  for 
heirs  of  Sewell  Tappan. 

The  Church. 

Mrs.  Alice    deV.  Clarke. 


No.  18. 

1754.   John  Box,  ropemaker. 
1775.    Lydia  Box. 

1792.   Greenwood. 

John  S.  Tyler. 
1826.   John  Lowell  Gardner. 
1885.   Joseph  B.  Glover. 


No.  19. 

1754.    Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner. 

1775.    Nathaniel  Wheatley. 

1785.   John  Winthrop,  Esq'- 

1803.    Gideon  Snow. 

1832.   John  Preston. 

1842.    James  Bowdoin  Bradlee. 

1872.    Mrs.   Mary  Perrin,  widow  of 

James  B.  Bradlee. 
(1880).    Franklin  Haven. 
1 891.    Franklin  Haven. 
1894.    Mrs.  Sarah  Ann  Haven. 


No.  20. 

1754.  Sir  Henry  Frankland. 

1754.  Gilbert  Deblois. 

1 77 1.  Nathaniel  Wheatley,  merch'- 

1790.  Joseph  May;  exch.  for  No.  70. 

1842.  Louisa  C.  Greenwood. 

1843.  W.  Minot  and  Samuel    May, 

trustees. 
1846.    Joseph  W.  Patterson, 
1852.    J.  Thomas  Stevenson. 
1877.    Robert  H.   Stevenson,  trustee 

for  Mrs.  Hannah  Stevenson. 
1893.    Robert  H.  Stevenson. 


No.  21. 

1754.  William  Vassall,  Esq": 

1754.  William  Price. 

1771.  Archibald  McNeil,  baker. 

1785.  Thomas  Clement. 

1824.  James  Dalton. 

1861.  Charles  H.  Dalton. 

1864.  Susan    M.    and    Caroline    M. 
Dalton. 

1876.  CaroHne  M.  Dalton. 

1877.  Mrs.  Anne  E.  P.,  widow  of  Col 

James  Warren  Sever. 

1878.  Benjamin  P.  Cheney. 


PROPRIETORS    OF   THE   PRESENT   CHAPEL. 


591 


No.    22. 

1754.    Charles  Apthorp. 
1775.    Grizzel  Apthorp. 

Beth  Adams. 

S.  R.  Miller. 
(1828).  Josiah  Quincy,  Jr. 
1877.    Oliver  W.  Peabody. 
1894.    Mrs.  Eliza  L.  Homans. 

No.  23. 

1754.  Gov''  William  Shirley. 

1754.  EHakim  Hutchinson. 

1785.  Ambrose  Vincent. 

1807.  William  Sullivan,  Esq. 

1824.  Charles  P.  Curtis. 

1864.  Mrs.  Margarett  S.  Curtis. 

1881.  Charles  P.  Curtis. 

No.  24. 
1754.    Charles  Paxton,  Esq' 
1734.    Estes    Hatch,   Esq.;    Richard 

Edwards. 
1775.    James  Ivers. 
1785.    Andrew  Johonnot. 

1804.  Abraham  Bazin. 
1819.    Benjamin  B.  Appleton. 
1824.    Abraham  Bazin. 

1850.    Daughters  of  A.  Bazin. 
1850.    J.  Ingersoll  Bowditch. 
1856.   Augustus  Flagg. 

No.  25. 

1 754.  John  Powell,  merch't. 

1775.  Robert  Auchmuty. 

1785.  Robert  Hewes. 

1789.  Saxton  and  Poignand. 

1795.  David  Poignand. 

1805.  John  Bazin. 

1826.  Edmund  Baylies. 

1827.  Samuel  Snelling. 
1829.  Joseph  Tilden. 
1831.  Edward  Miller. 

1877.  Mrs.  Anna  S.,  widow  of  Chief- 
Justice  George  Tyler  Bige- 
low. 

1893.    Mrs.  Clara  B.  Dabney. 


1785.    Simeon  Mayo. 

1789.    Lewis  Hayt. 

1802.    Isaiah  Doane. 

1806.   James  Hall. 

1844.    Lemuel  Stan  wood. 

1S62.    Nathaniel  H.  Emmons. 

1879.  R.  \V.,  N.  H.,  and  S.  F.  Em- 
mons, trustees  for  Mrs.  E. 
W.  Emmons. 

1888.  The  Church. 

1891.   Mrs.  Louisa  C.  Bacon. 

No.  26><. 

1830.   Abigail  Prescott. 

1839.    Samuel  G.  Howe. 

1 85 1.    Catharine  Putnam. 

i860.    Samuel  P.  Dexter. 

1862.    Mrs.  Mary  E.,  wife  of  William 

A.  Bangs. 
1867.    Francis  E.  Parker. 
18S6.   Henry  L.  Pierce. 

No.  27. 

1754.   James  Forbes,  merch't. 
1775.  John  Greenleaf. 
1785.    Dr.  Aaron  Dexter. 
(1829).  Heirs  of  Dr.  Dexter. 
i860.    William  S.  Dexter. 


No.  28. 

1754.    Shrimpton  Hutchinson,  Esq. 
1824.    Nathaniel  Emmons. 
1844.   James  Parker. 
1878.    Heirs  of  James  Parker. 
1882.    Mrs.  E.  M.  W.  Nourse. 
1890.    Thomas  Minns. 

No.  29. 1 

Anthony  Davis. 

Robert  Hallowell,  Esqr. 

George  Richards  Minot. 
(1802).   William  Minot. 
(1873).    Children  of  William  Minot. 


1754 

1772, 
17S5 


No.  26. 

1754.    Peter  Chardon. 
1773.    John  Powell. 

1  No  transfer  of  this  pew 
Minot's  name. 


No.  30. 
1754.    Robert  Auchmuty,  Esq. ;  Govr 
Shirley, 
has  been  recorded  since  ijSS-     It  still  stands  in  Judge 


592 


APPENDIX. 


'775- 1  The  Church. 
1792.  ) 

1833.    Franklin  Story. 

1838.    Catherine  Gibson. 

1875.    Greely  S.  Curtis. 


No.  31. 

Estes  Hatch,  Esq. ;  exchanged 
for  No.  24,  this  being  used 
for  State  pew. 
Hugh  Hall. 
Heirs  of  John  Welch. 
Samuel  Breck. 
Isaac  Schollield. 
(1849).  Heirs  of  Isaac  Scholfield. 
i8qi.    Mrs.  Ann  S.  Banfield. 


1754- 


1789. 
1792. 
1827. 


No.  32. 

1775.    State  pew. 

1826.    Thomas  B.  Curtis. 

(1867).   James  F.  Curtis. 

1889.  Mrs.  Helen  R.  Curtis. 

1890.  The  Church. 


No.  S3' 
1754.    Francis  Johonnot. 
1785.   John  Gregory. 
18 19.    Jeremiah  Lee. 
1846.   Joseph  Warren  Revere. 
(1868).    Heirs  of  J.  W.  Revere. 
1891.    Miss  Maria  A.  Revere. 

No.  34. 

1754.  William  Read,  gentleman. 

1785.  William  Turner. 

1789.  William  Read,  Esq. 

1792.  Farrington. 

1799.  William  Turner. 

1805.  William  Belcher. 

1807.  Jonathan  Wright. 

1 83 1.  George  Hallet. 

1835.  Elias  Hasket  Derby. 

1835.  Cornelius  Coolidge. 

1838.  Charles  Woodbury. 

1844.  John  Belknap. 

1857.  Edward  Belknap,  trustee. 

1881.  R.  H.  Eddy. 

1887.  Mrs.  Annie  G.  Eddy. 


No.  35. 

1754.    Benj.  Prat. 

1762.    Arthur  Savage,  Jr. 

1768.   James  Gardner. 

1785.    Thomas  Curtis. 

(1822).    Heirs  of  Thomas  Curtis. 

(i860).    Mrs.  Sarah,  widow  of  Martin 

Bates. 
(1876).    Heirs  of  Martin  Bates. 
1891.    Miss  Georgiana  H.  Bates. 


No.   36. 

1754.    Mary  Jackson. 
1762.    Mary  Billings. 
1768.   Anne  and  Eliz''  Gumming. 
1785.    John  Amory. 
(1802).    John  Lowell. 
(1840).    John  Amory  Lowell. 
i860.   Elizabeth  Rebecca  Lowell. 
(1868).    Mrs.   Elizabeth  R.,  wife  of 
Francis  P.  Sprague,  M.D. 


No.  37. 

1754.   Thomas  Pearson. 

1768.    Theodore  Dehone. 

1785.  }  Abraham  Edwards;  paid  for 

1801.  >      in  painter's  work,  etc. 

181 1.   Joseph  Jones. 

1829.  Jn"-  Amory. 

1830.  Jacob  Woodbury,  for  heirs  of 

Hawkes  Lincoln. 

1833.    Samuel  S.  Wilde. 

1855.    Elias  E.  Davison. 

1878.    Mrs.  Nancy  E.,  wife  of  Wil- 
liam A.  Rust. 


No.  38. 

1754.    John  Dobell. 

1766.    Thomas  Clement. 

1785.   John  Coffin  Jones. 

1845.   John  D.  Bates. 

(1863).    Heirs  of  John  D.  Bates. 

(1870).    John  D.  Bates. 


1754- 
1775- 


No.  39. 

Peace  Cazneau. 
Edward  Stow. 


PROPRIETORS  OF  THE  PRESENT  CHAPEL. 


593 


1845.    Mrs.  Eliza  H.,  widow  of  Har- 
rison Gray  Otis,  Jr. 
(1873).    Heirs  of  Mrs.  Otis. 
iSqi.    The  Church. 


1756 

1775 
1792 

1845 
1850 
1862 
1879 


No,  40. 

James  Dalton. 
The  Church. 
Thomas  Walcutt. 
John  Pickering  Putnam. 
Warren  Dutton. 
Edward  Motley. 
Mrs.  Rebecca  R.,  wife  of  Jo- 
seph S.  Fay,  Jr. 


No.  41. 

1755.    Thomas  Keighley. 

1762.    Joseph  Richardson. 

1775.  7  The    Church;    used    by   the 

1789. )      Sexton. 

No.  42. 

1775.    The  Church. 
1827.    Formerly  Poor's  Pew  reserved 
for  strangers  ;  under  gallery. 
1867.    Soldiers'  Monument. 

No.  43. 

No  pew;   under  the  choir  gal- 
lery. 
1766.    Vassall  Monument. 

No.  44. 

1862.    William  W.  Tucker. 
1886.    Mrs.  Susan  E.  Tucker. 
1 891.    The  Church. 

No.  45- 

1775.  The  Church. 

1846.  Francis  C.  Lowell. 

1847.  Robert  William  Hooper,  M.D. 
1886.  The  Church. 

No.  46. 

^"^l^'  I  The  Church. 
1789.  f 

1836.    Benjamin  R.  Curtis. 


1852.  George  T.  Curtis. 

1857.  Benjamin  R.  Curtis. 

1862.  George  D.  Welles. 

1870.  Edward  A.  Coffin. 

1872.  Charles  Inches. 

1883.  Hon.  Charles  Francis  Adams. 

1893.  The  Church. 


1754- 
1775- 
1789. 
1847. 
1859. 


No.  47. 
William  Aish. 
>  The  Church. 


John  James  Dixwell. 

Jacob  Bigelow,  M.D. 
(1879).    Heirs  of  Dr.  Bigelow. 
1893.    Miss  Mary  A.  Bigelow. 


No.   48. 

1754.  Dorothy  Wharton. 
1832.  Robert  B.  Forbes. 
1834.    Thomas   Haven,  in   trust   for 

Eliza  H.  Haven,  ei  a/s. 
1840.    Apr.  21.  Andrew  Cunningham. 
1840.    Oct.  9.    Thomas  P.  Bancroft. 
1857.    Mark  Healey. 
1868.    John  W.  Wheelwright. 


1775- 
1789. 
1832. 
1866. 
1889. 


1754- 
1828. 

1847- 


No.  49. 

>  The  Church. 

J.  P.  Thorndike. 
Thomas  Lamb. 
Miss  Rosanna  Lamb. 


No.  50. 
Ambrose  Vincent,  merch't. 


Philip  Marett. 

J.  Earl  Williams. 
1851.    John  H.  Pearson. 
1862.    George  O.  Hovey. 
(1877).    Heirs  of  George  O.  Hovcy. 
1 89 1.    The  Church. 
1891.    Maurice  H.  Richardson,  M.D. 


No.  SI. 

1754.    Andrew  Johonnot. 
1807.    William  Pclham. 


■38 


594 


APPENDIX. 


1827.  Thomas  Motley. 

1848.  Nathan  Appleton. 

1865.  Mrs.  Harriot  Coffin  Appleton. 

1868.  William  S.  Appleton. 


No.  52. 

1754.  Martin  Brimmer. 

1769.  Herman  Brimmer. 

1774.  Offered  to  7"=  Church. 

1 821.  Lewis  BuUard. 


(1859). 

1867. 

(1876). 

1892. 


>  Dr.  John  Flint,  executor. 

Harvey  D.  Parker,  trustee  for 
heirs  of  Mrs.  Joel  Nourse. 
John  E.  Devlin. 


No.  53. 

1754.  John  Greaton. 

1772.  Capt.  James  Dalton. 

1787.  Peter  R.  Dalton. 

1792.  Edward  Cazneau. 

1824.  Charles  Ewer. 

1829.  Charles    Sprague,    cashier    of 

the  Globe  Bank. 

1830.  Solon  Nash. 
1836.    William  Thomas. 

(1872).    Heirs  of  William  Thomas. 
1881.    Mrs.  Mary  Thomas,   wife   of 
Dr.  William  H.  Gorham. 


No.  54. 

1754.    Samuell  Butler. 

1763.    Relinquished  by  Mary  Butler 

to  Church. 
1763.    Jolly  Allen. 
1792.    Mrs.  Alice  Wyer. 
1807.    Sold  by  Mr.  Thomas  Bartlett 

to  Mr.  Thomas  Minns. 
1850.    Mrs.  Eliza  A.  Parkman. 
1877.    George  F.  Parkman. 


No.  55. 

1754.    Robert  Hewes;  Charles 

Vaughan. 
1800.    Gideon  Swan. 
1803.    John  Marston. 
1814.   Joseph  Balestier. 


1818.   Joseph  W.  Revere. 
1826.    Benjamin  Ropes  Nichols. 
(1848).    Heirs  of  B.  R.  Nichols. 
1894.    Benjamin  W.  Nichols. 


No.  56. 


1754- 

John  Wheatly. 

1771. 

Charles  Miller,  merch't. 

1795- 

Charles  Bulfinch. 

1824. 

William  M.  Goodrich. 

1828. 

Charles  C.  Little. 

1830. 

Francis  Stanton. 

1836. 

George  Baty  Blake. 

(1875).    Heirs  of  George  B.  Blake 

1893- 

Mrs.  Sarah  P.  L.  Blake. 

No.  57. 

1754.  Thomas    Hase ;    relinquished 

and  sold  to 

1766.  Rev*  Dr.  Caner. 

1775.  Thomas  Kirk. 

1789.  George  Hamblin. 

1 81 6.  Transferred  from  S.  J.  Pres- 

cott  to  wardens. 

1822.  Amos  Wood. 

1824.  Benjamin  Guild. 

1827.  Samuel  Swett. 

1866.  Francis  H.  Gray,  M.D. 

1880.  Mrs.  H.  Regina  Gray. 

1886.  Francis  C.  Gray. 


No.  58. 

1754.  James  Dalton. 

1754.  Mrs.  Sarah  Poyntz,  widdow, 

1757.  Thomas  Kirk. 

1772.  John  Moody. 

1779.  The  Church. 

1864.  Mary  A.  P.  Russell. 


No.  59. 

1775.  The  Minister. 

1852.  George  Winslow. 

1859.  Samuel  H.  Russell. 

1875.  Ambrose  H.  White. 

1876.  S.  H.  Russell. 
1879.  The  Church. 


PROPRIETORS  OP^  THE  PRESENT  CHAPEL. 


595 


No.  60. 

1754.    Samuell  Fitch. 
1832.    Samuel  B.  Doane. 
1836.    George  Hayward. 
(1863).    Mrs.  George  Hayward. 
1883.    Francis  Brooks. 
1887.    The  Church. 


No.  61. 

1754.  Edward  Winslow,  Esq.  •  relin- 

quished. 

1755.  Mr.  James  Apthorp. 
1785.    Joseph  Ma}'. 

1785.    Stephen  Fales. 

1787.    Col.  William  Donnison. 

William    White  ;     Blodget 
and  Gilman  ;  Barney  Smith. 

1798.    Capt.  Constant  Freeman. 

1806.    Capt.  Nehemiah  Freeman. 

181 1.    William  Foster. 

1821.    John  G.  Gibson. 

1821.    Caleb  Curtis. 

(1864).    Heirs  of  Caleb  Curtis. 

1875.    Buckminster  Brown,  M.D. 

1892.    Mrs,  Sarah  Alvord  Brown. 

1895.    Otis  Norcross. 

No.  62. 

1754.  James  Gordon  ;   after  the  war, 
sold  by  wardens  to 

1792.  Jos.  Otis. 

1793.  Nathaniel  Johnson. 

1794.  Robert  Hewes. 
1800.  Edward  Edes. 
1802.  John  Kennedy. 
1811.  Isaiah  Thomas,  Jr. 
1819.  Turner  Phillips. 

1838.  Samuel  K.  Williams. 
(1874),    Heirs  of  S.  K.  Williams. 
1886.    Miss  Sarah  C.  Williams. 

No.  6^. 

1754.  Henry  Leddell. 

1785.  Jacob  Porter. 

1808.  William  Fenno. 

1826.  John  Boit. 

1839.  George  Gardner. 

1890.    Mrs.  Clara  G.,  wife  of  Shep- 
herd Brooks. 


No.  64. 

1754.  Hugh  Hall,  Esq. 

1763.  Relinquisiied. 

1763.  James  Jackson. 

1773.  Mr.  Samuel  Gardner  Jarvis, 
merch't. 

1775.  John  Boit 

1816.  Eliza  and  Frances  D.  Gibson. 

1820.  John  Clark,  Jr. 

1826.  John  Parkman. 

1846.  Susan,  widow  of  John  Park- 
man. 

1864.  Rev.  John  Parkman. 

1884.  Mary  R.  Parkman. 

1884.  Henry  C.  Brooks. 

1887.  The  Church. 

1890.  Mrs.  Helen  R.  Curtis. 


No.  65. 

1754.  Joshua  Loring. 

1775.  George  Erving. 

1785.  John  Templeman. 

1793.  David  Pearce,  Jun'- 

1 81 7.  George  Sullivan. 

1826.  William  Sullivan. 

1848.  Henry  Whitwell,  trustee. 

1875.  Henry  G.  Denny. 

1879.  Matthew  Bartlett. 

1894.  Mrs.  Mary  E.,  widow  of  Mat- 
thew Bartlett. 

No.  66. 

1754.    Samuell  Withered;  exchanged 

for  No.  68  with 
1754.    Lewis  Deblois. 

?8?^^'  \  Nathaniel  Thayer. 

1822.    Charles  Callender. 

1829.    Elizabeth  A.  Richardson. 

1836.    Gardner  Brewer. 

(1874).    Heirs  of  Gardner  Brewer. 

(1889).    Mrs.   Caroline   A.,   wife   of 

Arthur  Croft. 
1896.    Solomon  P.  Stratton. 

No.  67. 

1754.  Gilbert  Deblois. 
1754.  William  Patten. 
1759.    John  Smith. 


596 


APPENDIX. 


1774. 
1792. 

1844- 
1893. 


1754- 

1754- 
1758. 
1758. 
1792. 
1S26. 
1847- 
1875. 
1875- 
1883. 
1885. 


Doct.  John  Jeffries  (Jun.). 
John  Homer. 
John  Kennedy. 
Alanson  Tucker,  Jr. 
Mrs.  Anna  T.  Phillips. 

No.  68. 
Lewis  Deblois;  exchanged  for 

No.  66  with 
Samuell  Withered. 
Relinquished  to  the  Church. 
Mr.  John  Haskins. 

Bowers. 

Franklin  Dexter. 
Francis  C.  Lowell. 
Samuel  T.  Morse. 
Edward  J.  Lowell. 
George  G.  LoweU. 
A.  Lawrence  Lowell. 


No.  69. 

1754.  William    Patten  ;     exchanged 

for  No.   67. 

1763.  Martha  Harvey. 

1827.  George  Trott. 

1836.  J.  G.  Low. 

1842.  Edward  C.  Bates. 

1845.  William  Parsons,  Jr. 

1886.  Mrs.  Georgianna  B.  Parsons. 


No.   70. 

1754.    David  Fick. 

1762.    Joseph  Eayres. 

1785.  Joseph  Barrell,  Esq. ;  given  as 
his  subscription  of  ^16  to- 
wards finishing  colonnade. 

1790.  Thomas  Clement. 

1 791 .  J.  May ;  exchanged  for  No.  20. 

1792.  Norman. 

1829.  T.  H.  Perkins,  Jr. 

1835.  Octavius  Pickering. 

1840.  Thomas  P.  Rich. 

1878.  J.  Rogers  Rich. 


No.   71. 

1754.    Mrs.  Ann  Oulton. 
1771.    William    Dickman,   block- 
maker. 


1775.    The  Church. 
1829.    Ignatius  Sargent. 
1838.    Franklin  H.  Story. 
1878.    Mrs.  Clara  G.,  wife  of  Shep- 
herd Brooks. 


No.  72. 

1754.  James  I  vers. 

176S.  Gilbert  Deblois. 

1792.  William  Selby. 

1827.  John  D.  Bates. 

1845.  Mrs.  Catherine  Gibson. 

1846.  Nathaniel  Hooper. 

1867.    Mrs.  Cornelia  J.,  wife  of  Wil- 
liam Thomas. 


No.  73. 

1754.  George  Briggs. 
1762.  Henry  Rhodes. 
1770.    Levi  Jennings,  hatter. 

Lewis  Glover. 

Ebenezer  Oliver. 

Henry  Lienow. 

George  B.  Upton. 

Eben  D.  Jordan. 


1802. 
1S05. 
1806. 

1847. 
1864. 


No.  74. 

1754.    Hannah  Speakman. 

^757-   John  Gould. 

1769.    Rev.  John  Troutbeck. 

^1  ^'  I-  Henry  Newman  Rogers. 
1805.  > 

1826.    Charles  P.  Sumner. 

(1839).  Heirs  of  Charles  P.  Sumner. 

1867.    Samuel  E.  Sawyer. 

1893.    Mrs.  Mary  E.  Bartlett. 


No.  75. 

1754.  Stephen  Greenleaf. 

1759.  Mr.  James  Apthorp. 

1791.  Thomas  Dickason. 

1794.  Rev.  James  Freeman. 

1794.  Mr.  George  Storer. 

1800.  Barney  Smith. 

1816.  Frederick  Clap. 

1820.  Barney  Smith. 

1827.  George  A.  Otis. 

1827.  Samuel  Atkins  Eliot. 


PROPRIETORS  OF  THE  PRESENT  CHAPEL. 


597 


1S63.    Stephen  H.  BuUard,  trustee  for 

Mrs.  Mary  Eliot. 
(1S75).  Heirs  of  S.  A.  Eliot. 
1893.    Mrs.  Elizabeth  L.  Bullard. 


No.  76. 

1754.  Cpt.  Edward  Tj'iig,  Esq. 
1773.  John  Vassall,  Esq. 

1755.  Charles  Miller. 
1817.  Ebenezer  Farley. 
1826.  Robert  Brinley. 
1838.  Ignatius  Sargent. 
1845.  Charles  H.  Mills. 
1862.  George  Bruce  Upton. 
(1874).    Heirs  of  George  B.  Upton. 
1894.  Miss  Elizabeth  Upton. 

No.  77. 

1754.  Barlow  Trecothick,  Esq.,  mer- 
ch't;  exchanged  for  No.  i. 

1754.  Mr.  Charles  Ward  Apthorp. 

1765.  Dr.  Thomas  Bulfinch. 

1789.  John  Wheelwright. 

1790.  John  Templeman  ;  given  up. 
1794.  William  Saxton. 

1798.  Levi  Peirce. 

1805.  William  Sullivan,  Esq. 

1806.  William  Belcher. 
181 1.  William  Pratt. 
1864.  Miss  Mary  Pratt. 
1 88 1.  Philip  H.  Sears. 


No.  78. 

1754.  William  Vassall. 

1785.    James  Swan. 

(1831).  Mrs.  Christiana  Keadie  Swan, 
widow  of  John  Turner  Sar- 
gent. 

1868.  Israel  G.  Whitney,  trustee  for 
Mrs.  Margaret  A.  Sargent 
and  her  children. 


No.  79. 

1754.  Francis  Brinley. 

1768.  Thomas  T5rinley. 

1785.  Samuel  Breck. 

1792.  William  Stackpole. 

1816.  George  A.  Otis. 


1 8 19.    Barney  Smith. 
1826.   Jacob  Stearns. 
1856.   James  Bowdoin  Bradlee. 
1880.    Mrs.    Katharine    M.,    wife   of 
Benjamin  W.  Crowninshield, 


No.  80. 

1754.    Hon'''--"  Paul  Mascarene,  Esq'- 

(1760).   John  Mascarene. 

1788.   Joseph  May. 

1792.   James  Tisdale. 

1799.    Nathaniel  Fellowes. 

1805.   John  Heard,  Jr.  (for  $300). 

(1839).  Mrs.  Susan,  widow  of  Hon. 

John  Heard. 
1864.    Mrs.    Susan    Oliver,    wife    of 

P.  C.  Brooks. 
1877.    The  Church,  by  gift  of  Mrs. 

Brooks. 


No.  81. 
1754.   James  Smith. 

1789- 1  Peter  Roe  Dalton. 

1809.  \ 

1S22.   James  Dalton. 
1845.   Peter  Roe  Dalton. 
1864.   Charles  H.  Dalton. 


No.  82. 

1754.  Thomas  Lechmere,  Esq. 

1 771.  Richard  Lechmere. 

1789.  Abiel  Smith. 

1824.  George  A.  Otis. 

1847.  J.  Ingersoll  Bowditch. 

1850.  William  Amory. 

1878.  James  Davis. 

1 88 1.  Charles  T.  Hubbard. 

1S85.  The  Church. 


Gallery. 


No.  83. 


1775.    The  Church. 

1824.   John  Amory  Lowell. 

1S81.    Mrs.  Ella,  wife  of  Arthur  T. 

Lyman. 
1894.    Miss  Julia  Lyman. 


598 


APPENDIX. 


No.  84. 

1775.  The  Church. 

1826.  Samuel  Clarke. 

1829.  Samuel  C.  Clarke. 

1 83 1.  Mrs.  Rebecca  P.  Clarke. 

1839.  John  Henshaw. 

1846.  Edmund  Putnam. 

1854.  Thomas  B.  Curtis. 

i860.  Divided    by    vote    of    vestry, 

Nov.   I. 

i860.  (}i  pew.)    George  D.  Guild. 

1862.  Arthur  T.  Lyman. 

No.  84^. 

i860.  Franklin  Smith. 

1862.  John  C.  Putnam. 

1877.  William  Sheaf e. 

1890.  The  Church. 

No.  85. 

1775.   The  Church. 

1789.    Capt.  Peirson. 

1824.    Samuel  G.  Perkins. 

1828.    Thomas  H.  Perkins,  Jr. 

1 85 1.   Thomas  G.  Cary. 

1859.   Thomas  Lee. 

1869.  C.  C.  Chadwick  and  W.  W. 
Tucker,  trustees  for  Eliza- 
beth J.  Perkins. 

1873.    Charles  E.  Ware,  M.D. 

i8q4.   Mrs.  Elizabeth  C.  Ware. 


No.  86. 

1762.    Matthew  Nazro. 

1824.   Edward  Clarke  and  Miss  Eliza 

Cabot. 
1827.    Edward  Clarke. 
1836.   Samuel  B.  Doane. 
1846.   John  Gage. 
1848.   John  H.  Eastburn. 
1862.   James  C.  Wild. 
1886.    Miss  Catharine  H.  Wild. 
1893.   Andrew  C.  Wheelwright. 


1850.   Edward  G.  Loring. 
1862.    Francis  C.  Loring. 
1S75.   Mrs.  Gertrude  L.,  wife  of  Na- 
thaniel P.  Hamlen. 


No.  88. 

1754.  Jonas  Leonard;  Grace  Evans. 

1775.  The  Church. 

1824.  Edmund  Dwight. 

1853.  Edmund  Dwight,  son  of  above. 


1754- 
1775- 
1825. 
1827. 
1874. 


No.  87. 

1775.    The  Church. 

1830.   Joseph  S.  Hastings. 

1837.   James  C.  Wild. 


No.  89. 

Alice  Quick. 

The  Church. 

Samuel  Atkins  Ehot. 

Thomas  Lee,  Jr. 

Transferred   by   executors    of 

Thomas  Lee  to  George  Hig- 

ginson. 
Mrs.  Mary  Lee  Blake. 


No.  90. 

1775.    The  Church. 

1824.   WilHam  Savage. 

1834.    Peter  Coffin. 

1840.    A.  Kendall,  Jr. 

1848.    C.  Frederick  Adams,  (Sr.). 

(1862).  Heirs  of  Charles   Frederick 

Adams. 
1882.   Caleb  A.  Curtis. 
i8qo.   The  Church. 


No.  91. 

1758.  Thomas  Wrice,  tallow  chand- 
ler. 

1775.    The  Church. 

1824.    Samuel  Adams  Wells, 

1835.   J.  G.  Gibson. 

1843.   George  B.  Emerson. 

1881.  Mrs.  Lucy  B.,  wife  of  Hon. 
John  Lowell. 


No.  92. 

1775.   The  Church. 
1830,   James  K.  Mills. 
1859.   William  Endicott,  Jr. 


PROPRIETORS  OF  THE  PRESENT  CHAPEL. 


599 


No. 


93' 


1775- 

The  Church. 

1852. 

James  Eaton. 

1890. 

The  Church. 

No.  94. 

1775- 

The  Church. 

1832. 

Joseph  T.  Adams. 

1837- 

Henry  Curtis. 

1842. 

John  Pickering  Putnam 

1847. 

Joseph  Hale  Abbot. 

1862. 

Nathaniel  C.  Stearns. 

1865.   John  A.  Loring. 


No. 


95- 


1775- 
1829. 
1849. 
1865. 
1876. 


The  Church. 
Miss  Harriet  Jackson. 
Henry  Lee. 
Nathaniel  C.  Stearns. 
The  Church. 


No.  96. 

1775.    The  Church. 

1829.    Miss  Harriet  Jackson. 

1849.    Henry  Lee. 

1S62.   William  Parker. 

(1868).  Heirs  of  William  Parker. 

1892.    The  Church. 


No.  97. 

1775.    The  Church. 
1826.   Jolm  Clarke  Lee. 
1829.   James  Jackson,  M.D.  (westerly 
half  of  the  pew,  now  divided). 
1834.   James  Jackson. 
(1867).    Heirs  of  Dr.  James  Jackson. 
(1890).  Charles  S.  Storrow. 


No.  gy'A. 

1829.   James  Jackson. 

(1867).  Heirs  of  Dr.  James  Jackson. 

1890.    The  Church. 


No.  98. 

1754.  Cpt.  James  Dalton  ;  exchanged 
in   1756  for  No.  40. 

1759.    Christopher  Lahr. 

1775.    The  Church. 

1830.   Joseph  Tuckerman. 

1 841.    Susan  Burley. 

1854.    Joseph  Whitney. 

1869.    Mrs.     Elizabeth,     widow 
Joseph  Whitney. 

1890.   The  Church. 


of 


No. 


99. 


1754- 

Samuel  Brackett. 

1775- 

The  Church. 

1804. 

Richard  Derby. 

1843. 

Francis  Skinner. 

(1S65).  Heirs  of  F.  Skinner. 

1893.    Francis  Skinner. 


No.  100. 

1775.    The  Church. 

1804.   William  P.  Greenwood. 

1851.    George  Bartlett,  M.D. 

1864.    Catharine      Amelia      Bartlett 

(northerly  half). 
1868.    Benjamin  K.  Hough. 
1880.    Mrs.  Elizabeth,  widow  of  B.  K. 

Hough. 


No.  10032- 

(Southerly  half.) 

George  Bartlett,  ^LD. 


1864. 
1865. 
1883. 


1775- 
1804. 
1824. 

18S9. 


Jerome  G.  Kidder. 
The  Church. 


No.   TOI. 

The  Church. 
Josepli  Batson. 
Martin  lirimmer. 
Sidney  Bartlett. 
The  Church. 


6oo 


APPENDIX. 


No.   I02. 

1775.    The  Church. 

1804.    William  Turner. 

1822.    John  A.  Haven. 

1831.    Charles  Jackson. 

1864.    Mrs.  Fanny  Jackson. 

(1868).   JVIrs.   John    T.    Morse    and 

Mrs.  O.  W.  Holmes. 
1894.    Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  M.D. 


1775- 
1804. 
1812. 
1814. 
1816. 
1826. 
(1832) 

(1865) 
1893. 

1804. 


No.  103. 

The  Church. 

George  Blake. 

Lothrop  R.  Thacher. 

Thomas  Cushing. 

Thomas  Motley. 

Ebenezer  Rollins. 

.    Mrs.  Frances  H.,  widow  of 

E.  Rollins. 
.    Eben  William  Rollins. 
Benjamin  E.  Morse. 
Mrs.  Harriet  J.  Morse. 


No.  104. 


1775.    The  Church, 
1804.    Kirk  Boott. 
1857.    Henry  Lee. 
(1867) 
1871. 


Henry  Lee,  son  of  above. 


No.  105. 

1755.  William  Burbeck. 

1775.  The  Church. 

1804.  Thomas  Bartlett. 

1857.  Mrs.  Ann  Dwight. 

i860.  Thomas  B.  Hall. 


No.  106. 

1769.    Thomas  Bulfinch,  physician  ; 

in  exchange  for  No.  112. 
1804.    Christopher  Gore,  Esq. 
1834.   John  H.  Gray. 
(1850).    Heirs  of  John  H.  Gray. 
1865.    Edward  Pickering. 
(1876).    Heirs  of  E.  Pickering. 


No.  106^. 

1865.    Nathaniel  Silsbee. 
1869.    Edward  Pickering. 

No.  107. 

1775.  The  Church. 

1804.  Daniel  Davis,  Esq. 

1832.  William  Minot. 

1832.  Stephen  White. 

1S60.  James  W.  Paige. 

1869.  James  W.  Paige,  son  of  above. 

1895.  The  Church. 

No.  108. 

1754.    Sarah  McNeal. 
1775.    Charles  Williams. 
1804.    John  Callender. 
1840.    William  Perkins. 
1888.    Mrs.    Helen   Amory,    wife   of 
John  Homans,  M.D. 

No.  109. 

1754.  Thomas  Bennett. 

1759.  William  Vassal],  gentleman. 

1804.  Stephen  Howe. 

1805.  Perkins  Nichols. 

1806.  Robert  Fletcher. 
181 1.  William  Belcher. 
1826.  Dr.  John  Park. 
183 1.  P.T.Jackson. 

1850.    P.  T.  Jackson,  son  of  above. 
1893.    Ernest  Jackson. 

No.  no. 

1775.  The  Church. 

1824.  Aaron  P.  Mallon. 

1828.  S.  D.  Bradford. 

1836.  Francis  Bacon. 

1853.  Henry  A.  Peirce. 

1880.  The  Church. 

1881.  Waldo  Higginson. 
1887.  The  Church. 

No.  III. 

1754.   Temple  De  Coster. 
1769.    Henry  Hulton,  Esq. 


PROPRIETORS    OF   THE   PRESENT  CHAPEL. 


60 1 


1S28.    Charles      Frederick      Adams, 

(Sr.). 
1849.    Thomas  Hopkinson. 
1857.    Charlotte  and  Arabella  Rice. 
1875.    Samuel  F.  Ham,  D.M.D. 
1896.    William  Bradley. 
No.  112. 

1 75-.    Nath=i Wheelwright;  exchanged 

for  No.  106. 
1769.    William  Birch,  Esq. 
1775.    The  Church. 
1832.    Freeman  Allen. 
1846.    Oct.     George  W.  Pratt. 
1846.    Nov.    Henry  M.  Aborn. 
1856.    George  W.  Pratt. 
(1S76).  Heirs  of  George  W.  Pratt. 
1889.    The  Church. 


No. 


113- 


1775.   The  Church. 

1846.    Charles  P.  Curtis,  trustee  for 

heirs  of  James  Curtis. 
1879.   The  Church. 


No.  114. 

1847.    Robert  G.  Shaw,  Jr. 

1875.    Transferred    by    executors    of 

R.  G.  Shaw,  Jr.,  to  wardens 

and  vestry. 


No.  115. 
1864.    The  Church. 


602 


APPENDIX. 


MINISTERS. 


Names. 


Robert  Ratcliffe,  Rector 

Josiah  Clarke,  Assistant 

Samuel  Myles,  Rector 

George  Hatton,  Assistant 

Christopher  Bridge,  Assistant 

Henry  Harris,  Assistant . 

Roger  Price,  Rector 

Thomas  Harwarcl,  Assistant 

Addington  Davenport,  Assistant .... 

Stephen  Roe,  Assistant 

Henry  Caner,  D.D.,  Rector 

Charles  Brockwell,  Assistant 

John  Troutbeck,  Assistant 

James  Freeman,  Reader 

James  Freeman,  Pastor 

James  Freeman,  D.D.,  Rector      .... 

Samuel  Cary,  Associate  Minister .     .     .     . 

Francis  William  Pitt  Greenwood,  Associ- 
ate Minister 

Francis  William  Pitt  Greenwood,  D.D., 
Minister 

Ephraim  Peabody,  D.D.,  Minister    .     .     . 

Henry  Wilder  Foote,  Minister      .... 

Howard  Nicholson  Brown,  Minister      .     . 


1S24 

1836 

1845 
1861 
1895 


Inducted. 

Retired. 

1686 

Left    .      .      . 

1689 

1 686 

Left  .     .     . 

1687 

1689 

Died.     .     . 

1728 

1693 

Left  .     .     . 

1696 

1699 

Removed     . 

1706 

1709 

Died .     .     . 

1729 

1729 

Resigned     . 

1746 

1731 

Died.     .     . 

1736 

1737 

Left   .     .     . 

1740 

1 741 

Removed     . 

1744 

1747 

Left   .     .     . 

1776 

1747 

Died .     .     . 

1755 

1755 

Left   .     .     . 

1775 

1782 

1 

1783 

VDied.     .     . 

1836 

1787 

J 

1809 

Died .     .     . 

1815 

Died. 

Died, 
Died, 


1843 


1856 


WARDENS. 


603 


WARDENS. 

The  dates  given,  when  for  more  than  one  year,  are  those  of  the  period  of  service  from 
Easter  to  Easter. 


1686- 


1694- 


1702- 


1713- 

1715- 

1717- 
1719- 


687. 
689. 
690. 
691. 
692. 

693- 
696. 
696. 
697. 
698. 
699. 
700. 
701. 
704. 
704. 
705. 
706. 
707. 
70S. 
709. 
710. 
711. 
712. 

715- 
714. 
717. 
719. 
721. 
721. 
722. 

724, 
725. 
726. 
727. 
728. 
729. 
730- 
731- 

733- 
734- 


Benjamin  Bullivant  and 

Francis  Foxcroft  „ 

Benjamin  Mountfort  „ 

Savill  Simpson  „ 

Nicholas  Tippet  „ 
William  Hobby 

Thaddeus  Maccarty  „ 

Giles  Dyer  „ 

Giles  Dyer  „ 

George  Turfrey  „ 

John  Indicott  ,, 

AVilliam  Hobby  „ 

East  Apthorp  „ 

Edward  Lyde  „ 

Thomas  Newton  „ 

Nicholas  Roberts  „ 

John  Nelson  ,, 

Savill  Simpson  „ 

William  Tailer  ,, 

Thomas  Newton  „ 

Arthur  Langharne  ,, 

Anthony  Blount  „ 

Cyprian  Southack  „ 

Sir  Charles  Hobby  „ 

John  Jekyll  „ 

John  Oulton  ,, 

Giles  Dyer  „ 

Henry  Francklyn  „ 

John  Cutler  „ 

John  Cutler  „ 

Francis  Brinley  ,, 

James  Stirling  „ 

John  Barnes  „ 

John  Gibbins  „ 

Thomas  Selby  „ 

John  Eastvvicke  „ 

William  Handle  „ 

William  Speakman  ,, 

Job  Lewis  „ 

Charles  Apthorp  ,, 

George  Steuart  „ 

Georsre  Shore  „ 


Richard  Banks. 
Samuel  Ravenscroft. 
Giles  Dyer. 
Harry  Clark. 
Edward  Gouge. 
George  Turfrey. 
Francis  Foxcroft. 
Benjamin  Mountfort. 
Savill  Simpson. 
John  Indicott. 
William  Hobby. 
East  Apthorp. 
Edward  Lyde. 
Samuel  Checkley. 
Nicholas  Roberts. 
John  Nelson. 
Savill  Simpson. 
William  Tailer. 
Thomas  Newton. 
Arthur  Langharne. 
Anthony  Blount. 
Cyprian  Southack. 
William  Melross. 
John  Jekyll. 
Thomas  Newton. 
John  \^alentine. 
Edward  Mills. 
George  Cradock. 
Henry  Francklyn. 
James  Smith. 
James  Stirling. 
John  Barnes. 
John  Gibbins. 
Thomas  Sclby. 
Thomas  Phillips. 
William  Randle. 
William  Speakman. 
Job  Lewis. 
Charles  Apthorp. 
George  Steuart. 
George  Shore. 
Thomas  Greene. 


6o4 


1- 

APPENDIX. 

1735- 

Thomas  Greene         and 

John  Read. 

1736. 

John  Read                     „ 

Thomas  Child. 

1737- 

Thomas  Child               „ 

William  Coffin. 

1738. 

William  Coffin             „ 

Silvester  Gardiner. 

1739- 

Silvester  Gardiner       „ 

James  Gordon. 

1740. 

James  Gordon              ,, 

William  Shirley. 

1741. 

William  Shirley           ,, 

Samuel  Wentworth. 

1742. 

Samuel  Wentworth     ,, 

Eliakim  Hutchinson. 

1743- 

Eliakim  Hutchinson    „ 

Charles  Apthorp. 

1744. 

Charles  Apthorp          „ 

George  Cradock. 

1745- 

George  Cradock          „ 

William  Shirley,  Jr. 

1746- 

-1753- 

James  Gordon              „ 

John  Box. 

1753- 

John  Box                      „ 

James  Forbes. 

1754- 

James  Forbes               „ 

John  Box. 

1755- 

James  Forbes               „ 

Thomas  Havvding. 

1756- 

-1758. 

Silvester  Gardiner       „ 

Henry  Lloyd. 

1758- 

-1760. 

Silvester  Gardiner       „ 

Nathaniel  Wheelwright 

1760- 

-1762. 

Nath'l  Wheelwright     „ 

Charles  Paxton. 

1762. 

Charles  Paxton            „ 

Silvester  Gardiner. 

1763- 

-1769. 

Silvester  Gardiner       „ 

Charles  Paxton. 

I769-I775. 

Silvester  Gardiner       „ 

Gilbert  Deblois, 

\_Revolutlonary  interval^ 
[A  fragmentary  record  mentions  James  Ivers  as  one  of  the  wardens  in  1781.] 


782 

Thomas  Bulfinch 

and  James  Ivers. 

1783- 

793 

Thomas  Bulfinch 

)) 

Shrimpton  Hutchinson 

1793- 

795 

Thomas  Bulfinch 

It 

Joseph  May. 

795 

Charles  Miller 

11 

Joseph  May. 

1796- 

798 

Charles  Miller 

)» 

Ebenezer  Oliver. 

1798- 

827 

Ebenezer  Oliver 

)) 

Joseph  May. 

1827- 

840 

Francis  Johonnot  Oliver 

)> 

William  Minot. 

1840- 

842 

Samuel  A.  Eliot 

>) 

John  A.  Lowell. 

1843- 

844 

Samuel  A.  Eliot 

5> 

George  B.  Emerson. 

1845- 

846 

George  B.  Emerson 

» 

John  L.  Gardner. 

1847- 

853 

George  B.  Emerson 

)) 

Chas.  H.  Mills. 

1853- 

854 

Chas.  H.  Mills 

» 

George  Gardner. 

1855- 

856 

William  Thomas 

)5 

Chas.  H.  Mills. 

1856- 

863 

William  Thomas 

5) 

Gardner  Brewer. 

1863- 

866 

George  B.  Emerson 

11 

Thos.  Bulfinch. 

1866- 

867 

William  Thomas 

11 

Samuel  H.  Russell. 

1867- 

870 

Samuel  H.  Russell 

11 

Edward  Pickering. 

1870- 

877 

George  C.  Richardson 

11 

Edward  Pickering. 

1877- 

882 

Arthur  T.  Lyman, 

11 

Thos.  B.  Hall. 

1882- 

Arthur  T.  Lyman, 

)) 

Charles  P.  Curtis. 

VESTRYiMEN. 


COs 


VESTRYMEN. 

This  list  is  made  from  careful  examination  of  the  records.  Previous  to  Easter,  1699,  no 
church  officers  except  wardens  were  chosen.  There  is  no  record  of  vestrymen  chosen  at  Easter, 
1 703  and  1 704 ;  only  the  wardens  elected  in  those  years  being  named  in  the  records.  This  is 
also  the  case  with  the  records  from  17S7  to  1796.  The  names  indicated  with  a  ''  W."  are  those 
of  persons  who  have  been  wardens,  the  dates  of  their  service  in  that  capacity  being  given  in  the 
preceding  list. 

The  records  concerning  the  persons  named,  cited  from  the  "  Register  of  Burials,"  are  indi- 
cated by  an  asterisk  (*).  As  this  register  contains  no  entries  for  the  years  1GS6-1714,  1728- 
173S,  1776-17SS,  the  dates  of  some  who  were  members  of  King's  Chapel  at  their  death  are  not 
recorded.     Abbreviations  and  titles  are  copied  exactly  from  the  records. 


F.  Foxcroft,  W.,  1699-1702,  1705-12, 

1713-19- 
John  Indicott,  W.,   1699-1703,  1705- 

12. 
Coll.  G.  Dyer,  W.,  1699- 1703,  1705- 

13- 

Edw.  Loyd  (or  Lyde),  Esq'',  W.,  1699, 

1701-04,  1706-24.    [*  May  15,  1724.] 
M'-Tho?  Newton,  W.,  1699-1703,  1705 

-12,  1713-22.     [*  June  I,  1721.] 
M"'  Wm.  Hobby,  W.,  1699-1703,  1705- 

14. 
M"'  Savill    Simpson,    W.,    1699-1703, 

1706-18. 
Thad.  Mackarty,  W.,  1699-1703,  1705. 
Benj.  Mountfort,  W.,  1699-1703,  1705. 

[*July  18,  1714] 
John  Cook,  1699-1702,  1705. 
Edward  Turf  ray,  1699. 
His  Excellency  E.  Bellomont,  1700. 
Capt.  Geo.  Turfrey,  W.,  1700-02,  171 3 

-15.     [*  Oct.  20,  1714.] 
John  Nelson,  W.,   1700-03,   1705-07, 

1713-19- 
M'  East  Apthorp,  W.,  1700-03,  1705, 

1711-14. 

Wm.  Tayler,  Esq^  W.,  1701-03,  1705- 
II,  1714-29,  1730-31  (heads  the  ves- 
try). 

John  Bridger,  Esqr,  1701,  1709-15, 
1718-20. 

Cyprian  Southack,  W.,  [702,  1705-09 
1711-28,  1730-35,  1739- 


M^  Nich^  Roberts,  W.,  1702,  1704-15. 
S"^  Chas.  Hobby,  Knt.,  W.,  1702,  1705- 

16. 
Tho.  Creese.  1702,  1705.  1715-20, 1723. 

[He  is  called  "  Doct:"  in  the  later 

years.] 
Doctr.  Lancelot  Lake,  1702. 
Nath'  Newdigate,  1702. 
M'^  Saml.  Checkley,  W.,  1702-04. 
His    Excell^y    Joseph    Dudley,    Esqr, 

Cap'  Gener'  and  Gover'"'  in  Cheif, 

1705-13. 
His    Honour    Thomas    Povey,  Esq'', 

Lieut'-Governour,   1705. 
AF  John  Oborne,  1706-10. 
AP  Henry  Francklyn,  1706-12. 
J.   Jekill,    Esq%    W.,    1709,    1711-33. 
Anth.  Blount  (or  Blunt),  W.,  1709-11, 

1714-24. 
Arthur  Langharne,  W.,  1709-11. 
AP  John  Oulton,  W..  1712,  i7'3-23- 
W  John  Valentine,  Esq^  W.,  1712, 

1713-22,  1723. 
Wm.  Melross,  W.,  1712. 
His  Excellency  the  Governor,   1713- 

20. 
Giles    Dyer,    1713-22.      [*  Apr.     21, 

1723-] 
Capt.  [Roger]  Paxton,  1713. 
Capt.  Wentworth  Patton,  1713-15- 
Joseph  Hearne,  1713-24. 
AP  Tho.  Bannister,  1713-16. 
Coll? John  Rednap,  i7i3-'5- 


6o6 


APPENDIX. 


29,  1760, 
aet.    74 
years.] 


M' Edward  Mills,  W.,  1713-26,  1727- 

28. 
Cap'  Daniel  Wibourne,  1 714-18. 
M'  John  Barnes,  W.,  1715-27,  1728- 

29. 
Major  Paul  Masquerine,  ]    PMaj-GemU 

1715-19,    1724,    1726-  i     '"  ^'*  ^^y 
„  Service,  Tan 

28.  y   ..    ._;. 

Coll?    Paul     Mascarene, 

1752-57. 
Cap'  W™  Rouse,  17 15-21. 
M''  RiclTi  Hall,  1715-21. 
M"'  John  Broccas,  1715-19. 
M''  Henry    Francklyn,    W.,    1717-24. 

[*  July  15,  1725.] 
M'^  James  Smith,  W.,  1717-25,  1726- 

28,  1 73 r-40,  1745-63-  [*  Sugar 
Boiler;  Aug.  7,  1769,  set.  81.] 

M''  Samuell  Bannister,  1717-23,  1728, 
1735-36. 

George  Cradock,  Esq'',  W.,  1718-22, 
1723-27,1728-34,1737-66.  [*  Mer- 
chant; July  I,  1771,  St.  81.] 

Docf  John  Cutler,  1719-27,  1732-35, 
1740-42,  1748-49.  [*  Physician  ; 
Sept.  28,  1 761,  St.  85.] 

M'' John  Checkley,  1719,  1725-36. 

Francis  Brindley,  Esq',  1720-22,  1723- 
27,  1728,  1730-36,  1737-40,  1741-47- 
[*  Coll? ;  Nov.  30,  1765,  aet.  76.] 

Docf  John  Gibbins,  W.,  1720-27,  1728 
-46,  1747-61.  (He  is  called  "M;;" 
in  earlier  years.)  [*  Apothecary  ; 
June  26,  1760,  aet.  72.] 

Jn°  Gibbs,  1721-24. 

Docf  [or  M':  ]  George  Stuart,  W., 
1721-27,  1728-41. 

Thos.  Lechmere,  Esq.,  1722-25,  1726- 

29,  1743-48,  1749-57.  [*  Late  Sur- 
vey' Gen''  of  the  Customs  ;  June  3, 
1765,  St.  82.] 

M'  Thomas  Selby,  W.,  1722-28. 
[*Sept.  21,  1727.] 

James  Sterling,  W.,  1723-25. 

Robert  Auchmooty,  Esqy,  1723-25, 
1726,  1730-41,  1748-49.  [*  Attor- 
ney at  Law;  May  i,  1750,  aet.  63.] 

Hon''''^  John  Read,  Esq:,  W.,  1724, 
1726-28,  1735-43,  1744-46-     [*  At- 


torney at  Law  ;  Nov.  29.  1748,  aet. 

69.] 
M'-  William  Speakman,  W.,  1724-40, 

1743-47-     [*  Baker;  April  13,  1748, 

aet.  63.] 
Job  Lewis,  Esq:,  W.,   1724,   1726-28, 

•730-35,     1736-40.      [*  Merchant  ; 

May  29,  1755,  £Et.  72.] 
W™  Randle,  W.,  1724-33. 
M'   Thomas    Phillips,    W.,    1724-28, 

1730-35- 

M' John  Cox,  1724-27. 

Robert  Robbinson,  Esq',  1724. 

Cap'  W'"  Pearne,  1724. 

M' Jn°  Powell,  1726-28,  1732-34. 

Joshua  Wroe,  1726-30. 

M'  Thomas  Amery,  1726-28. 

John  Overing,  Esqr,  1726.  [*  Attor- 
ney at  Law;  Nov.  29,  1748,  aet.  54.] 

Estes  Hatch,  Esq'  [also  Coll?],  1726- 
28,1729-48.  [*  Brigadier  General ; 
Feb.  12,  1759,  aet.  70.] 

W"i  Lambert,  Esq',  1726-28,  1731, 
1737-41.  [*  Comptroller  of  His 
Majesty's  Customs;  Nov.  30,  1749, 
aet.  67.] 

Mr  George  Shore,  W.,  1726-28,  1730, 

1734- 
Thomas  Creese,  Jun',  1727,  1729. 
Mr  Robert  Skinner,  1727-34. 
James  Stevens,  Esq',  1728-30. 
M'      Benjamin      Walker,       1728-35. 

[*  Shopkeeper ;    Apr.   8,    1760,  aet. 

80.] 
John  Eastwick,  1728-29,  1730-35. 
His  Excellency  the  Governor,  1729. 
Thomas  Holker,  1729. 
Thomas  Wallis,  1729. 
M'  Sam'  Grainger,  1729-34. 
M'  John  Arbuthnott,    1729,   1732-35, 

1737- 
Peter    Faneuil,   Esq',   1729,   1738-40, 
1741-43.     [*  Merchant ;   March   10, 

174%-] 
Jon*  Pue,  Esq',  1729-35,  1746-48. 
Thomas  Child,  W.,  1729-31,  1732-40. 
Charles  Apthorp,  Esq'  [called  "Mr" 

until  1747],  1729-59.     [*  Merchant; 

Nov.  21,  1758,  aet.  60.] 


VESTRYMEN. 


607 


Thomas  Green,  W.,  1731-40. 

George  Shore,  1732-37. 

Peter  Luce,  1732-3S,  1739-40. 

M''  Rufus  Greene,  1732-36. 

AP  Jonathan  Price,  1732-34. 

M'  Jonathan  Bernard,  1732-35. 

John  James,  Esq%  1732-33- 

Cap  J  Edward  Tynge,  1732-33,  1736- 

40,  1741-44,  1747-49.    [*Late  Cap! 

of  the  Province  Ship  of  War  ;  Sept. 

ID,  1755,  3Et.  72.] 
M"^  Thomas   Aston  [or  "  Austine  "], 

1734-36- 
M''  Eliakim  Hutchinson,  W.,  1734-36, 

1737-76.     [In  the  later  years  he  is 

called  "  Esq\"] 
M^  John  Merritt,  1734-39. 
M''  Edward  Tothill,  1734-36. 
John  Jekyll,  1735.     [*  Collector  of  his 

Majesty's  Customs  ;   March  5,  1740, 

ast.  29.] 
Chas.    Paxton,   Esq:,   W.,    1735-36, 

1737-44,  1745-52,  1753-76. 
Mr  Henry  Caswal!,  1735-36. 
M^  James  Gordon,  W.,  1735-36,  1739- 

55,    1761-71.      [*  Merchant ;    May 

24,  1770,  set.  77.] 
M'  Silvester  Gardner,  W.,   1735-36, 

1737-41,  1742-43,  1747-76.     [He  is 

called    "Dr."   in   earlier   life,    and 

later  "E.sq^"j 
William    Shirley, 


[*  Lieu!  Gen.  in 
His  Majesty's 
Army;  April  I, 
1771,  a;t.  77.] 


Esqr,    1735-42. 

His  Excellency 
Gov.  Shirley, 
1749-53,  1755- 
57-  J 

Abra.  Wendell,  1735-36,  1738-39. 

William  Coffin,  W.,  1736-37,  1737" 
40. 

Maj.  Josiah  Martin,  1738-39. 

Geo.  Tilly,  1738-39- 

M'  Sam"  Wentworth,  W.,  1740-44, 
1757-67.  [He  is  called  "Esq:"  in 
the  later  period.]  [*  Merchant; 
Septr   12,   1766,  aet.  58.] 

M''  Wm.  Bowen,  1741-42. 

M'  Thos.  Pearson,  1741-42.  [*  Ba- 
ker; Feb.  22,  1763,  £Et.  63.] 


Mr  Thos.    Hawdcn    [or   Hawdinge], 

w.,    1741-43,   1744-47,   1748-56. 

[*  Merchant;    March  27,   1756,  a-t. 

58.] 
M'  John  Box,  W.,  1741-42,  1746-64, 

1765-75.     [*  Ropemaker ;    Nov.   3, 

1774,  aet.  75.] 
M"^  Henry  Francklyn,  1741-42. 
Mf  Tho^  Perkins,  1741-42. 
M''  Rob,  Lightfoote,  1741-42. 
His  Excellency  the  Governor,  1742- 

48. 
M'  [later  "  Capt."]  James  Forbes,  W., 

1742-68.     [*  Shopkeeper;    Aug.  8, 

1769,  aet.  70.] 
Sir  Henry  Frankland,  Barronett,  1743- 

44,  174(^54,  1757-58- 
M"'  Henry   Lloyd,    1744-46,   1756-73. 

[He  is  called  "Esq:"  in  the  later 

period.] 
William  Shirley,  Esqr,  Junr,  1745. 
ftp  Barlow  Trecothick,  1749-52. 
M"^  Powers  I\Liriott,  1749-52,  1753-65. 

[*  Shopkeeper,    Oct.    8,    1768,    a?t. 

63-] 

M^  Thomas  Gunter,  1753-55. 

M''  William  Price,  1753-72.    [*  Print- 
seller  ;   May  22,  1771,  aet.  87.] 

1\P  Henry  Leddel,  1754-56. 

Shrimpt.'  Hutchinson,  Esqr,  W.,  1754- 

67,  i783-98.§ 
Henry  Lloyd,  Esq.,  W.,  1756-73. 
Jno.  Powell,  Esqr,  1756-61,  1767-76. 
His  Excellency  the  Governor,   1757- 

69. 
Coll'-  Isaac  Royall,  1757-63. 
Nath'l  Wheelwright,  Esqr,  W.,  1757- 

66. 
Wm.  Vassal,  Esq,  1758-63,  1767-76. 
Henry  Vassal  Esq.,  1759-61. 
Robert    Auchmuty,    Esq.,     1760-63, 

1 766-76. 
Wm.  Read,  Esq.,  1760-76. 
M^  James  Apthorp,  1761-64. 
Gilbert  Deblois,  Esq.,  W.,  1763-76. 

§  Those  thus  indicated  being  found  in  ser- 
vice as  vestrymen  in  all  the  years  of  wliich  the 
record  is  complete,  before  and  after  the  gap ; 
probably  served  during  that  intenal  also. 


6oS 


APPENDIX. 


M'  Lewis  Deblois,  1763-76. 

Dr.  Thos.  Bulfinch,  W.,  1765-76, 
i783-iSo2.§  [*  Physician  ;  March 
3,  1802,  cTt.  74] 

M'  Francis  Johonnot,  1766-71.  [*Dis- 
tiller;  March  10,  1775,  xt.  67.] 

M''  Thos.  Brinley,  1770-76. 

Rich.  Lechmere,  Esq.,  1771-76. 

M'"  John  Haskins,  1771-76,  1783-86. 

M""  Henry  Leddle,  1771-76. 

John  Vassal,  Esq.,  1772-76. 

Geo.  Erving,  Esq.,  1772-76. 

Theo.  Dehon,  1783. 

[John?]  Ash,  1783. 

John  Box,  1783. 

Levi  Jennings,  1783. 

Caleb  Blanchard,  1783.  [*  Assessor  ; 
May  14,  1800,  JEt.  71.] 

Rob.  Hewes,  1783. 

Tho.  Kast,  1783-86. 

Jas.  I  vers,  W.,  1783-86. 

Francis  Johonnot,  1783-85.  [*  Mer- 
chant; Oct.  21,  18 1 5,  set.  61.] 

Wm.  Miller,  1783-87. 

John  Gardiner,  1785-87. 

Ambrose  Vincent,  1783-88.1  [*  Mar. 
20,  1800.] 

Jno.  Wheelwright,  1783-88.!  [*  Mer- 
chant ;  Nov.  23,  1792,  £et.  36.] 

Perez  Morton,  1783-88.! 

Sam'l  Breck,  1784-88-! 

Andrew  Johonnot,  1783-88.!  [*  Mer- 
chant; March  17,  1804,  set.  69.] 

Charles  Williams,  1784-86. 

Hon.  G.  R.  Minot,  i785-i8o2.§ 
[* Judge  of  Probate;  Jan.  6,  1802, 
aet.  43.] 

Jas.  Swan,  1786-88.! 

William  Deblois,  1786-87,  1796-97.! 

Charles  Bulfinch,  1796.! 

John  Amory,  1796-99.!  [*  Merchant; 
June  7,  1803.] 

Chas.  Vaughan,  1798. 

Thos.  Clement,  1783-1801.  [*  Sept. 
12,  1823,  aet.  88.] 

t  Those  thus  indicated  may  have  also  served 
during  some  of  the  years  between  1 788  and  1 796, 
for  which  tlie  records  do  not  give  the  names  of 
vestrymen. 


S.  Swett,  1802-15. 

Chas.  Miller,  1 783-1804. 

Constant  Freeman,  1799-1804.  [*  Mas- 
ter of  the  Almshouse  ;  Feb.  6,  1806, 
set.  77.] 

Wm.  Saxton,  1796-1807.!  [*  Mer- 
chant;  Dec.  23,  1806,  cEt.  61.] 

Levi  Pierce,  1802-05. 

Ebenr  Oliver,  W.,  1 785-1 827. §  [*  For 
30  years  warden  of  King's  Chapel ; 
Dec.  16,  1826,  set.  75.] 

Joseph  Coohdge,  i786-i82o.§  [* Mer- 
chant ;  Oct.  8,  1820,  eet.  73.] 

P.  R.  Dalton,  i783-i8i2.§  [*  Cashier 
of  U.  S.  Bank;  Sept.  10,  181 1,  aet. 
68.] 

Abiel  Smith,  1786-1809.!  [*  Esquire  ; 
Nov.  23,  1815,  £et.  70.] 

Thos.  Bartlett,  1798-1829.  [*  Dec. 
12,  1856,  St.  89.] 

Wm.  Stackpole,  1798-1814.  [*  Wine 
merchant;  Dec.  7,  1813,  ast.  69.] 

John  Gregory,  1798- 1807. 

Jos.  May,  W.,  i793-i827.§  [*  War- 
den ...  of  King's  Chapel  ;  March 
2,  1S41,  ast.  81.] 

Aaron  Dexter,  i796-i826.§  [*  Late 
Prof,  of  Chemistry  in  Harv''  Univ^: 
March  4,  1829,  aet.  80.] 

Kirk  Boott  1796-1817.  [*  Merchant; 
Jan.  1 1,  1817,  cEt.  6r.] 

Joseph  Coolidge,  Jr.,  1802-34.  [*  Mer- 
chant; Nov.  18,  1840,  set.  67.]  [He 
is  called  "Jr."  till  1820.] 

Wm.  Clap,  1802-08.  [*  Merchant; 
Aug.  16,  181 1,  set.  43.] 

Gideon  Snow,  1804-29. 

Hon  Chris.  Gore,  1804-26.  [*  For- 
merly Governor  of  the  State ; 
March   3,    1827,   ast.   68.] 

Geo.  Storer,  1804-26.  [*  Esqr ;  Oct. 
31,  1838,  aet.  74.] 

Dan'l  Davis,  1806-32.  [*  Formerly 
Solicitor-General;  Oct.  28,  1835, 
ast.  73.] 

John  Lowell,  1807-16.  [*LL.D. 
Counsellor    at    Law ;     March    14, 

1840,    £Et.    70.] 

John    Heard,   Jr.,  1808-33.      [*  Late 


VESTRYMEN. 


609 


Judge  of  Probate,  May  26,    1839, 

xt.  63.] 
Wm.  Sullivan,  1810-38.  [*  Counsellor 

at  Law;  Sept.  4,  1839,  ^t.  64.] 
John    Callender,   1812-29.      [*  Clerk 

of  the   Supreme  Court;    Nov.  23, 

1833,  JEt.  62.] 
Wm.  Pratt,  1812.     [*  Merchant;  he 

died    on    the    anniversary   of    his 

landing  in  Boston  60  years  before. 

May  10,  1844,  set.  85.] 
Wm.   Minot,  W.,  1S16-40.      [*June 

5,  1873,  set.  89.] 

Richard  C.  Derby,  1816-27.    [*  April 

4,  1854,  aet.  77.J 
Thos.  Motley,  1819-43.     [*  April  30, 

1864,  aet.  83.] 
Jas.    Dalton,    1822-30.      [*  Dec.    iS, 

i860,  aet.  78.] 
Charles  P.  Curtis,  1826-63.     [*  Oct. 

6,  1864,  £et.  72.] 

Edmund  Dwight,  1826-30.     [*  April 

4,  1849,  aet.  68.] 
Samuel    Atkins    Eliot,  W.,  1S26-4S. 

[*Feb.  I,  1862,  aet.  63.] 
Francis  Johonnot  Oliver,  W.,  1827- 

40.     [*Aug.  21,  1858,  aet.  81.] 
John   A.    Haven,   1829.     [*  Dec.    13, 

1875,  cxt.  83.] 
John   Amory    Lowell,    W.,    1S29-45. 

[*Nov.  3,  1881,  aet.  83.] 
S.  Appleton,  1S30-40.  [*  An  eminent 

merchant;  July  15,  1853,  cet.  87.] 
Joseph  Coolidge,  Jr.,  1830-33,  184S- 

53.     [*Dec.  16,  1879,  ait.  81.] 
Dr.   James   Jackson,    1830.     [*  Aug. 

29,  1867,  aet.  90.] 
Eben    Rollins,     1831.      [*  March    2, 

1832,  a;t.  48.] 
Edward  Brooks,  1S31.     [*  April   11, 

1878,  aet.  84.] 
Jas.  Hall,  1832-41.   [*Sept  20,  1845, 

set.  76.] 
Samuel  Swett,  1832-44.     [*  Oct.  31, 

1866,  aet.  84.] 
Thos.  B.  Curtis,  1832-53.     [*Jan.  i, 

1872,  aet.  77.] 
John  L.  Gardner,    1833-52.     [*July 

23,  1884,  aet.  80.] 
Ed.    Miller,     1833-42.     [*  Feb.     11, 

1842,  aet.  46.] 
John  P.  Thorndike,  1835-37.    [*  Aug. 

7,  1865,  St.  So.] 
VOL.  II.  —  39 


James  K.  Mills,  1S37-47.    [*  Nov.  27, 

1863,  aet.  62. J 

Philip  Marett,  1838-47.     [ALirch  22, 

1869,  aet.  76.] 
George  Hayward,    1840-44.     [*  Oct. 

10,  1863,  aet.  73.] 
Geo.     B.     Emerson,     W.,     1841-66. 

[*  March  7,  1881,  a.'t.  83.] 
S.  Fales,  1842-47.     [*  Aug.  8,  1848, 

aet.  73-] 
Robert  B.  Forbes,  1S45-47.     [*Nov. 

23,  1889,  aet.  85.] 
S.  C.  Gray,  1844-48.     [*  A  highly  re- 
spected merchant;  Dec.  12,  1849, 

a,'t.  57.] 
Benjamin  R.  Curtis,  1844-52.  [*  Sept. 

15,  1S74,  a;t.  64.J 
Caleb  Curtis,   1844-61.     [*  April    5, 

1864,  aet.  71.] 

Francis    Bacon,    1846-54.     [May   9, 

1877,  tet.  72.] 
Sidney    Bartlett,    1846-52,     1S53-61. 

[*  ALirch  6,  1889,  act.  90.] 
George  Gardner,  W.,  1846-56.  [*Dec. 

21,  1884,  aet.  75.] 
C.  Frederick  Adams,  1847-57.  [*April 

7,  1862,  aet.  69.] 
Chas.  H.  Mills,  W.,  1847-58.  [*  April 

20,  1872,  aet.  59.] 
Jas.  W.  Paige,  1847-61.     [*May  22, 

1868,  aet.  75.] 
J.     IngersoU      Bowditch,      1848-56. 

[*Feb.   19,  1889,  aet.  82.] 
John  Jas.  Dixwell,  1850-56.     [*  Nov. 

15,  1876,  aet.  70.] 
P.    T.    Jackson,     1850-52,     1S68-92. 

[*  Nov.  10,  1891,  aet.  73] 
William      Thomas,      W.,      1853-72. 

[*June  22,  1872,  aet.  64.] 
George  B.  Upton,   1853-59.     [*July 

3,  1874,  aet.  70.] 

George  T.  Bigelow,  1854-61.  [*  For- 
merly Chief-Justice  of  Mass.  ;  Apr. 
14,  1878,  a^t.  67.] 

Gardner  Brewer,  W.,  1856-63.  [*  Oct. 

4,  1874.  aet.  68.] 

Thos.  G.  Gary,  1856-59.     [*July3, 

1859,  aet.  67.] 
Sewell  Tappan,  1856-61.    [*  Nov.  10, 

1S79,  ast.  68.] 
Samuel  G.  Ward,  1857-62. 
William  Amory,  185S-61.     [*  Dec.  8, 

i£88;  aet.  84.] 


6io 


APPENDIX. 


J.  Thos.  Stevenson,  1859-62.   [*  Aug. 

25,  1876,  get.  70.] 
Joseph  Whitney,  1859-63.     [*  Sept. 

13,  1869,  ast.  73.] 
Wm.  Amory,  Jr.,  1861-64. 
John  D.  Bates,  1861-64.     [*  Nov.  21, 

1863,  xt.  66.] 
Geo.  Baty  Blake,  1861-66.     [*  Aug. 

9,  1875,  JEt.  67.] 
Nathaniel  Hooper,  1861-63.    [*  May 

21,  1886,  aet.  69.] 
Thos.  P.  Rich,  1861-64.     [*  Dec.  14, 

1875,  3£t.  72."l 

Thomas     Bulfinch,      W.,      1863-66. 

[*  May  29,   1867,  a;t.   72.] 
Stephen  H.  BuUard,  1863-67.   [*July 

ID,  1873,  JEt.  54.] 
Wm.  Endicott,  Jr.,  1863-67. 
Arthur  T.  Lyman,  W.,  1863- 
William  Perkins,  1863-88.  [*JuIy  13, 

1887,  aet.  82.] 
Geo.  W.  Pratt,  1863-72.     [*  Jan.  16, 

1876,  net.  73.] 

Chas.  H.  Dalton,  1864-68. 

Augustus  Flagg,  1S64-69. 

S.  H.  Russell,  W.,  1865-70.     [*Oct. 

24,  1894,  aet.  71.] 
Edmund  Dwight,  1866-68. 
J.  Randolph  Coolidge,  1866-70,  1872- 

86. 
Philip  H.  Sears,  1866- 
Edward     Pickering,    W.,     1867-77. 

[*Nov.  24,  1876,  aet.  69.] 
John   Revere,    1867-87.      [*July  26, 

1886,  aet.  64.] 


George  Higginson,  1868-88.    [*  April 

27,  1889,  aet.  84.] 
Eben  D.  Jordan,  1S70.     [*  Nov.  15, 

1895,  aet.  73.] 
George  C.  Richardson,  W.,  1S70-87. 

[*May  20,  1886,  ajt.  78.] 
Francis    Brooks,    1871-77.      [*  Dec. 

26,   1892,  aet.  70.] 
John  W.  Wheelwright,  1871- 
Nathaniel     H.     Emmons,     1S73-78. 

[*  March  18,  1878,  set.  82.] 
Greely  S.  Curtis,  1877- 
Eben    Dale,    1877-81.      [*Sept.    9, 

1889,  set.  45. J 
Thos.  B.  Hall,  W.,  1877-86. 
Oliver  W.  Peabody,  1877-81. 
J.  W.  Paige,  1878.     [*Ju]y  16,  1894, 

aet.  59.] 
Robert  H.  Stevenson,  1879- 
Charles  P.  Curtis,  W.,  1881- 
Waldo  Higginson,  1881-86.     [*May 

4,  1894,  aet.  80.] 
A.  Lawrence  Lowell,  1S85- 
Roger  Wolcott,  1886-93. 
J.  Randolph   Coolidge,  Jr.,  18S6-91, 

1894- 
Stanton    Blake,    1887.     [*  April    21, 

1S89,  aet.  51.] 
T.  Quincy  Browne,  1887-94. 
Francis  C.  Lowell,  18S8- 
Oscar  H.  Sampson,  1888- 
Horace  A.  Lamb,  18S8-91. 
Hamilton  Alonzo  Hill,  1891- 
Ernest  Jackson,  1893- 


TREASURERS. 

Prior  to  the  Revolution  the  finances  appear  to  have  been  administered 
by  the  Wardens,  sometimes  separately,  at  other  times  jointly.  After  1782, 
the  Senior  Warden  acted  as  Treasurer  of  the  Church  until  1827  ;  and  the 
Junior  Warden  as  Clerk,  till  the  present  time.  At  the  Annual  Meeting  of  the 
Proprietors  on  Easter  Monday,  April  22,  1827,  it  was  voted  to  elect  a  Treas- 
urer.    The  following  is  a  list  of  the  incumbents  from  that  date  :  — 

Charles  P.  Curtis 1827-1862 

William  Amory,  Jr 1862-1864 

Stephen  H.  Bullard 1 864-1 867 

William  Thomas 1 867-1 873 

J.  Randolph  Coolidge 1 873-1 877 

George  Higginson 1877-1885 

A.  Lawrence  Lowell 1885- 


THE   ROLL   OF   HONOR.  6ll 


KING'S   CHAPEL    IN    THE   WAR 


FOR 


THE    UNION. 


The  following  is  copied,  with  slight  additions  and  corrections, 
from  the  Appendix  to  Mr.  Foote's  Sermon  delivered  in  the 
Chapel  on  Sunday,  May  29,  1870:  — 

THE   NAMES   INSCRIBED   ON   THE    MONUMENT   IN    KING'S   CHAPEL, 
ERECTED 

IN   MEMORY  OF  THE  YOUNG   MEN   OF   KING'S   CHAPEL 
WHO   DIED   FOR  THEIR  COUNTRY, 

1861,  1865, 

Are  as  follows : 

Richard  Cary.     Captain   2d   Regt.   Infantry,    Mass.  Vols.     Killed  at 

Cedar  Mountain,  Va.,  Aug.  9,  1862,  yE.  26. 
Warren  Dutton  Russell.    First  Lieutenant  iSth  Regt.  Infantry,  Mass. 

Vols.     Killed  at  Bull  Run,  Va.,  Aug,  30,  1862,  At..  22. 
Edward  Hutchinson  Robbins  Revere.      Assistant  Surgeon  20th  Regt. 

Infantry,  Mass.  Vols.  Killed  at  Antietam,  Md.,  Sept.  17,  1862,  AL.  35. 
Franklin  Moody  Adams.     Private  8th  Battery,  Mass.  Vols.     Wounded 

at  So.  Mountain,  Md.,  Sept.  14,  1862  ;  died  Nov.  28,  JE.  20. 
Theodore  Parkman.    Sergeant  45th  Regt.  Infantry,  Mass.  Vols.    Killed 

at  Whitehall,  N.  C,  Dec.  16,  1862,  JE.  25. 
Paul  Joseph    Revere.      Colonel    20th    Regt.    Infantry,    Mass.  Vols. 

Wounded  at  Gettysburg,  Penn.,  July  2,  1863  ;  died  July  4,  /f'.  31. 
Cabot  Jackson   Russel.      Captain    54th  Regt,    Infantry,  Mass.  Vols. 

Killed  at  Fort  Wagner,  S.  C,  July   18,   1863,  ^-   18. 
Arthur  Cortlandt  Parker.      Second  Lieutenant  33d  Regt.  Infantr}', 

Mass.  Vols.     Killed  at  Warrenton,  Va.,  Aug.  24,  1863,  AL.  23. 
James  Amory  Perkins.     First  Lieutenant  24th  Regt.  Infantry,  Mass. 

Vols.     Killed  at  Fort  Wagner,  S.  C,  Aug.  26,  1863,  JE.  27, 


6l2  APPENDIX. 

Sidney  Coolidge.  Major  i6th  Regt.  Infantry,  U.  S.  A.  Killed  at 
Chickamauga,  Ga.,  Sept.   19,  1863,  JE.  ^^. 

Thomas  Greely  Stevenson.  Brigadier-General,  U.  S.  Vols.  Killed 
at  Spottsylvania,  Va.,  May  10,  1864,  ^.  28. 

Francis  Lowell  Dutton  Russell.  First  Lieutenant  4th  Regt.  Artil- 
lery, U.  S.  A.     Died  May  11,  1864,  ^-  19- 

Samuel  Storrow.  First  Lieutenant  2d  Regt.  Lifantry,  Mass.  Vols. 
Killed  at  Averysboro,  N.  C,  March  16,  1865,  ^.21. 

Charles  James  Mills.  Brevet  Major,  U.  S.  Vols.  Killed  near  Peters- 
burg, Va.,  March  31,  1865,  JE.  24. 


To  put  on  permanent  record  the  Roll  of  Honor  of  the  [thirty-eight 
other]  Sons  of  the  Church  who  engaged  in  the  service  of  their  country, 
.  .  .  the  following  list  is  given.  There  is  not  one  whose  military  record 
is  not  honorable  to  himself  and  to  the  cause  in  which  he  took  part.  In 
this  list  are  included  the  names  of  several  who  formerly  belonged  to  the 
Society  but  ceased  to  do  so  previously  to  the  war,  and  who  are  recorded 
on  the  Baptismal  Records  of  King's  Chapel,  —  among  them,  the  names 
of  one  who  died  from  sickness  and  of  two  who  fell  in  battle,  —  but,  not 
being  "  Young  Men  of  King's  Chapel "  at  that  time,  could  not  be  in- 
scribed on  the  mural  tablet.  It  has  seemed  proper  that  these  should  be 
recorded  here,  with  those  who  were  in  past  years  their  fellow-worship- 
pers. The  names  of  several  who  have  connected  themselves  with  the 
Society  since  the  expiration  of  their  period  of  military  service  are  reluct- 
antly omitted,  as  belonging  more  properly  to  records  elsewhere. 

*  Edward  Stanley  Abbot.  Second  Lieutenant  17th  U.  S.  Infantry, 
Nov.  10,  1862  ;  First  Lieutenant,  April  27,  1863;  died,  July  8,  1863, 
of  wounds  received  at  Gettysburg,  Penn. 

Charles  Walter  Amory.  Second  Lieutenant  2d  Mass.  Cavalry,  April 
9,  1864  ;  prisoner  at  Aldie,  Va.,  July  6,  1864  ;  First  Lieutenant,  Sept. 
9,  1S64;  Captain,  June  16,  1865  ;  mustered  out,  Aug.  i,  1865. 

Nathan  Appleton.  Second  Lieutenant  5th  Mass.  Battery,  July  30, 
1863;  First  Lieutenant,  June  19,  1864;  wounded,  May,  1864;  re- 
signed on  account  of  disability,  Aug.  25,  1864;  Brevet  Captain,  U.  S.  v., 
March  13,  1865  ;  Volunteer  A.D.C.,  March  18,  1865. 

Henry  Belknap.  Captain  i8thU.  S.  Infantry,  May  14,  1861 ;  resigned, 
May  20,  1863. 

Henry  Jones  Blake.  Acting  Midshipman,  at  U.  S.  Naval  Academy, 
Sept.  29,  1858;  ordered  into  active  service,  June,  1861  ;  attached  to 
Admiral  Farragut's  Flag-ship  "  Hartford,"  at  New  Orleans  and  Vicks- 
burg;  Ensign,  Feb.  24, 1863  ;  Lieutenant,  Feb.  22,  1864  ;  attached  to 
iron-clad  "New  Ironsides,"  at  Fort  Fisher;  resigned,  April  21,  1866. 


THE   ROLL   OF   HONOR.  613 

Charles  Pickering  Bovvditch.  Second  Lieutenant  5 5th  Mass.  Vols., 
May  23,  1863;  First  Lieutenant,  June  7,  1863;  Captain,  June  29, 
1863  ;  Captain  5th  Mass.  Cavalry,  Jan.  7,  1864  ;  resigned  on  account 
of  disability,  Aug.  23,  1864. 

Henry  Pickering  Bowditch.  Second  Lieutenant  ist  Mass.  Cavalry, 
Nov.  5,  i86r  ;  First  Lieutenant,  June  28,  1862;  Captain,  May  13, 
1863;  wounded,  November,  1S63;  discharged,  Feb.  15,  1864; 
Major  5th  Mass.  Cavalry,  March  26,  1864;  resigned,  June  3,  1865. 

Algernon  Coolidge,  M.  D.  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  V.,  at 
"  Chesapeake  "  Hospital,  Va.,  and  "  Portsmouth  Grove  "  Hospital, 
R.  I.,  April,  iS62-May,  1863  ;  at  "Armory  Square"  Hospital,  Wash- 
ington, May,  June,  1864. 

Caleb  Agry  Curtis.  Acting  Master,  U.  S.  N.,  Sept.  i,  1861,  on  the 
"Cuba"  and  the  "  Potomska  ;"  Acting  Master  Commanding,  May  i, 
1863,  on  the  "Memphis"  and  the  "  Flag;"  resigned,  Dec.  10,  1863. 

Greely  Stevenson  Curtis.  Captain  2d  Mass.  Vols.,  May  n,  1861  ; 
Major  ist  Mass.  Cavalry,  Oct.  31,  186 1  ;  Lieutenant-Colonel,  Oct.  30, 
1862;  resigned,  March  4,  1864,  on  account  of  disability;  Brevet 
Colonel  and  Brigadier-General. 

Herbert  Pelham  Curtis.  Second  Lieutenant  ist  Mass.  Cavalry,  Dec. 
19,  1861  ;  First  Lieutenant  and  Adjutant,  July  19,  1862;  Captain, 
Jan.  2,  1864;  Major  and  Judge-Advocate,  U.  S.  A.,  June  26,  1865  ; 
Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Colonel ;  still  in  service. 

James  Freeman  Curtis.  Major  ist  California  Vols.,  1861  ;  Colonel  4th 
California  Vols.,  1863  ;  mustered  out  at  end  of  war,  1865  ;  Brevet 
Brigadier-General. 

Henry  Rogers  Dalton.  Second  Lieutenant  14th  Mass.  Heavy  Artil- 
lery, Feb.  12,  1862;  Acting  Adjutant,  April,  1862;  Assistant  Adju- 
tant-General, with  rank  of  Captain,  June  4,  1862,  serving  in  "  Military 
Defences  south  of  the  Potomac"  until  September,  1S62,  then  in  3d 
Division  3d  Army  Corps,  and  ist  Division  6th  Army  Corps  ;  Assistant 
Adjutant-General,  with  rank  of  Major,  in  ist  Division  6th  Army  Corps, 
July  27,  1864;  resigned,  Nov.  25,  1864. 

George  Derby,  M.  D.  Surgeon  23d  Mass.  Vols.,  Sept.  ir,  1861  ; 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  Vols.,  June  2,  1864;  Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
March  18,  1865  ;  mustered  out,  Jan.  18,  1866. 

Francis  Lee  Higginson.  Second  Lieutenant  54th  Mass.  Vols.,  Feb.  28, 
1863;  First  Lieutenant,  "April  14,  1863;  Captain,  July  16,  1S63; 
Captain  5th  Mass.  Cavalry,  Feb.  11,  1S64  ;  mustered  out,  Oct.  31, 
1865. 

Henry  Lee  Higginson.  First  Lieutenant  2d  Mass.  Vols.,  July  8,  1S61  ; 
Captain  ist  Mass.  Cavalry,  Oct.  31,  1861  ;  Major,  March  26,  1S62; 
wounded  at  Aldie  Gap,  Va.,  June  17,  1863  ;  discharged  for  disability, 
Aug.  9,  1864;  Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel,  March  13,  1865. 


6l4  APPENDIX. 

James  Jackson  Higginson.     Second  Lieutenant  ist  Mass.  Cavalry,  Jan. 

6,  1863;  prisoner  at  Aldie  Gap,  Va.,  June  17,  1863,  and  imprisoned 
at  Richmond,  Va.,  till  February,  1864  ;  First  Lieutenant,  Jan.  4,  1S64  ; 
Captain,  Sept.  i,  1864 ;  Brevet  Major,  U.  S.  Vols.  April  9,  1865  ; 
resigned.  May  27,   1865. 

Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  Jr.  Private  4th  Battalion  M.  V.  M.,  April, 
1861  ;  First  Lieutenant  20th  Mass.  Vols.,  July  10,  1861  ;  Captain, 
March  23,  1862  ;  commissioned  Lieutenant-Colonel  (not  mustered) 
July  5,  1863  ;  A.  D.  C.  on  Major-General  Wright's  Staff,  Jan.  29, 
1864;  mustered  out,  July  17,  1864.  Wounded  at  Ball's  Bluff,  Oct. 
22,  1861  3  at  Antietam,  Sept.  17,  1862;  at  Marye's  Hill,  Fredericks- 
burg, May  3,  1863. 

Edward  William  Hooper.  Captain  and  A.  D.  C,  U.  S.  Vols.,  on  Briga- 
dier-General Saxton's  Staff,  June  17,  1862  ;  resigned.  May  19,  1865. 

*WiLLiAM  Sturgis  Hooper.  Volunteer  A.  D.  C,  Staff  of  Major-General 
Banks,  1862  ;  died  at  Boston,  Sept.  23,  1863. 

Charles  Edward  Inches,  M.  D.  Assistant  Surgeon  37th  Mass.  Vols., 
April  7,  1865  ;  transferred  to  20th  Mass.  Vols.,  June,  1865  ;  mustered 
out,  Aug.  I,  1865. 

Patrick  Tracy  Jackson,  Jr.  Second  Lieutenant  1st  Mass.  Cavalry, 
April  16,  1863  ;  First  Lieutenant  5th  Mass.  Cavalry,  March  2,  1864; 
mustered  out,  Oct.  31,  1865  ;  left  the  service,  Dec.  i,  1865. 

Francis  L  Lee.^  Colonel  44th  Mass.  Vols.,  Sept.  12,  1862  ;  mustered 
out,  June  18,  1863. 

James  William  Paige,  Jr.  In  the  service  of  the  U.  S.  Sanitary  Commis- 
sion at  "  Armory  Square"  Hospital,  Washington,  in  1862,  and  subse- 
quently at  Fredericksburg,  Potomac  Creek,  Gettysburg,  City  Point, 
and  Petersburg. 

ScoLLAY  Parker.  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  on  the  "Tusca- 
rora,"  Sept.  9,  1863  ;  resigned,  March  9,  1866. 

WiLLiAiNi  Whitwell  Parker.  First  Lieutenant  2d  Mass.  Cavalry,  Aug. 
12,  1863  ;  Captain,  June  3,  1865  ;  mustered  out,  July  20,  1865. 

John  Eliot  Parkman.  Captain's  Clerk  in  U.  S.  Navy,  from  May,  1861, 
to  January,  1865  ;  prisoner  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  and  Macon,  Ga.,  from 
Jan.  9,  1864,  to  September,  1864. 

William  Edward  Perkins.  Sergeant  Co.  F,  44th  Mass.  Vols.,  Septem- 
ber 12,  1862;  Second  Lieutenant  2d  Mass.  Vols.,  Jan.  26,  1S63  ; 
wounded  at  Chancellorsville,  Va.,  May  3,  1863  ;  First  Lieutenant,  July 

7,  1863  ;  Captain,  March  17,  1865  ;  mustered  out,  July  14,  1865. 
William  Pratt.     Captain  24th  Mass.  Vols.,  Sept.  2,  1861 ;  Assistant 

Adjutant-General  in  Brigadier-General  Thomas  G.  Stevenson's  Brigade, 
9th  and  1 8th  Army  Corps,  and  loth  Army  Corps,  Department  of  the 
South,  June  26,  1863  ;  mustered  out,  April  21,  1864. 

1  Colonel  Lee  had  no  middle  name,  but  assumed  the  letter  "L"  to  distinguish 
himself  from  his  uncle  of  the  same  name.  —  Editor. 


THE   ROLL   OF   HONOR.  615 

John  Chandler  Putnam.  Captain  20th  Mass.  Vols.,  July  10,  1861  ; 
wounded  at  Ball's  Bluff.  Oct.  22,  1861  ;  discharged  on  account  of  loss 
of  right  arm,  Sept.  8,  1863  ;  Captain,  V.  R.  C,  Nov.  2,  1863  '>  resigned, 
Jan.  15,  1865. 

Samuel  Miller  Quincy.  Captain  2d  Mass.  Vols.,  May  24,  1S61  ; 
wounded  and  prisoner  at  Cedar  Mountain,  Va.,  Aug.  9,  1862  ;  Major, 
Sept.  17,  1862;  Colonel,  Nov.  9,  1862;  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  from  wounds,  June  5,  1S63;  Lieutenant-Colonel  ist  Regt. 
Corps  d'Afrique  (73d  U.  S.  C.  T.),  Oct.  20,  1863  ;  Colonel,  May  24, 
1864 ;  Colonel  (after  consolidation)  96th  U.  S.  C.  T.,  until  mustered 
out;  Colonel  8ist  U.  S.  C.  T.,  Jan.  11,  1866;  Brevet  Brigadier- 
General,  U.  S.  Vols.,  "  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the 
war,"  May  22,  1866;  mustered  out,  Nov.  30,  1866. 

Thomas  Phillips  Rich,  Jr.  Private,  Co.  I,  45th  Mass.  Vols.,  Oct.  8, 
1862  ;  mustered  out,  July  8,  1863. 

Charles  Sprague  Sargent,  Volunteer  A.  D.  C,  on  Staff  of  Major-Gen- 
eral  Banks,  Nov.  i,  1862  ;  First  Lieutenant  2d  Louisiana  Vols.,  June 
25,  1862  ;  Captain  and  A.  D.  C,  U.  S.  Vols.,  March  15,  1S65  ;  Brevet 
Major,  U.  S.  V.,  March  26,  1S65. 

Daniel  Sargent.  Second  Lieutenant  24th  Mass.  Vols.,  Sept.  2,  1861 ; 
wounded  at  Newbern,  N.  C,  March  14,  1862  ;  First  Lieutenant,  Jan. 
19,  1863  ;  Captain,  Sept.  3, 1864  ;  discharged,  Oct.  14,  1864 ;  declined 
promotion. 

Robert  Hooper  Stevenson.  Major  24th  Mass.  Vols.,  Sept.  2,  1861  ; 
wounded  at  Newbern,  N.  C,  March  14,  1862  ;  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
Dec.  28,  1862  ;  discharged,  May  31,  1864;  Brevet  Colonel  and  Brevet 
Brigadier-General  "  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  battles  of 
Roanoke  Island  and  Newbern,  N.  C,"  March  15,  1865. 

Charles  Storrow.  Captain  44th  Mass.  Vols.,  Sept.  12,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out,  June  i8,  1863. 

*Fletcher  Webster.  Colonel  12th  Mass.  Vols.,  Jime  26,  i86r ;  killed 
at  Bull  Run,  Va.,  Aug.  30,  1862. 

Samuel  King  Williams,  Jr.  Lieutenant  43d  Ohio  Vols.,  June,  186 1  ; 
Captain  and  Major  of  Cavalry ;  injured  by  fall  of  his  horse  and  trans- 
ferred to  V.  R.  C. ;  mustered  out  at  end  of  war,  1865. 


6l6  APPENDIX, 


THE    COMMUNION    PLATE. 

[This  List  is  taken  from  the  Bi-Centennial  Commemoration  volume,  p.  65.] 

The  ancient  Communion  Plate  of  King's  Chapel  was  the  gift  of  the 
following  Sovereigns  :  William  and  Mary,  George  II.,  George  III.  A 
portion  of  it  was  given  by  the  Church  before  the  Revolution  to  other 
parishes  of  the  Church  of  England,  on  receiving  later  royal  gifts.  But 
that  which  was  carried  away  by  the  last  royalist  rector  on  the  evacuation 
of  Boston  by  the  British  troops  in  March,  1776,  amounted  to  twenty- 
eight  hundred  ounces  of  silver.^  The  present  Plate  is  the  gift  of  members 
of  the  Church  at  different  times,  subsequently.  Among  the  pieces  are 
the  following :  — 

1.  A  Flagon.     "  King's  Chapel,  1798."     [Made  by  Paul  Revere.] 

2.  A  Christening  Basin.  "  King's  Chapel,  The  Gift  of  Ebenezer  Oliver, 
Esquire,  1798." 

3.  A  Salver.  "  King's  Chapel,  1798."  "This  plate  was  given  me  at 
my  birth  by  my  Grand  Father,  Nathaniel  Cary,  Esquire." 

4.  Two  Offertory  Plates.  "  To  King's  Chapel,  Easter,  1829.  From 
Joseph  May,  of  Boston." 

5.  Two  Patens.    "  To  King's  Chapel,  1798.    From  Madam  Bulfinch." 

6.  Two  Cups.  "To  King's  Chapel.  Boston.  From  Mrs.  Catharine 
Coolidge." 

7.  Plate.     "  Presented  to  King's  Chapel  by  John  L.  Gardner,  1868." 

8.  A  Silver  Cross,  very  richly  wrought,  from  James  W.  Paige  [Jr.].^ 

9.  A  large  and  richly  wrought  Cup  and  Salver,^  the  gift  of  many 
friends  to  the  Rev.  James  Walker,  D.D.,  LL.  D.,  on  his  eightieth  birth- 
day, bequeathed  by  him  to  the  Rev.  Samuel  Osgood,  DD.,  LL.  D.,  of 
New  York,  in  1874,  and  by  him  presented  to  King's  Chapel  for  com- 
munion use. 

10.  The  handsome  Communion  Service  which  formerly  belonged  to 
the  New  North  Church  in  Boston  (founded  in  17 14).  This  service  con- 
sists of  Ten  Tankards  and  Cups,  Two  Flagons,  and  One  Christening 
Basin,  and  was  "  Given  to  King's  Chapel,  Boston,  by  a  few  members  of 
the  Congregation,  Easter,  1872,"  having  been  purchased  by  them  on  its 

1  Cf.  pp.  346-352,  anfe.  1874."     Cambridge,  1874.     A  complete 

2  See  an^e,  p.  470,  for  an  engraving  list  of  the  contributors  to  this  testimo- 
of  this  cross.  nial  is  printed  on  pp.  57-60  of  "  Services 

3  Photographs  of  these  pieces  are  at  the  Dedication  of  a  Mural  Monument 
contained  in  a  pamphlet  of  16  pp.  en-  to  James  Walker,  D.D.,  LL.  D.,  in  the 
titled  "  The  Reverend  Dr.  James  Walker  Harvard  Church  in  Charlestown,  in  the 
and  his  Friends  on  the  Eightieth  Anni-  City  of  Boston,  January  14,  1883.''  Cam- 
versary   of    his    Birthday,    August    16,  bridge,  1884. 


THE   COMMUNION    PLATE.  617 

sale  in  consequence  of  the  dissolution  of  that  ancient  society.  These 
pieces  bear  the  coats-of-arms  of  the  original  donors  and  other  inscriptions. 
Among  the  oldest  is  a  Tankard,  inscribed,  "  Given  by  Deacon  John 
Burnett  to  ye  New  North  Church  1714." 

From  "  An  Historical  Discourse  delivered  in  the  New  North 
Church,  October  i,  1854,  by  Arthur  B.  Fuller,"  we  copy 

AN  ACCOUNT  OV  THE   COMMUNION  PLATE  BELONGING 
TO   THE   NEW   NORTH   CHURCH. 

Taken  November  6,  1775,  by  Dr.  A.  Eliot. 

Wif/i  the  several  Inscriptions  on  the  Vessels} 

1.  A  Tankard  :  "  New  North  Church,  Oct.  20,  17 14." 

2.  A  Cup  with  two  handles  :  "  Ex  Dono  C.  Lyman,  to  y'  New  North 
Church,  Oct.  20,  17 14." 

3.  A  Tankard :  "  Given  by  John  Baker,  to  the  New  North  Church, 
1714." 

4.  A  Tankard  :  "  New  North  Church,  Oct.  20,  17 14." 

5.  A  Tankard  :  ''  This  belongs  to  the  New  North  Church." 

6.  A  Cup  with  two  handles ;  "  This  belongs  to  the  New  North 
Church." 

7.  A  Cup  :  "Ex  dono  —  Elias  Parkman,  to  y*"  New  North  Church." 

8.  A  Cup:  "Ex  dono  —  N.  Loring,  to  New  North  Church,  17 16." 

9.  A  Cup  :  "  New  North  Church  Cup,  17 17." 

10.  A  Tankard  :  "  The  Gift  of  John  Frizell  unto  the  New  Church  of 
Christ  at  the  North  End  of  Boston,  1718." 

11.  A  Cap:  "Given  by  Mr.  Samuel  Barrett  to  the  New  North 
Church,  1723." 

1 2.  A  Cup  with  two  handles  :  "  The  Gift  of  Mr.  Joshua  Checver  to 
the  New  North  Church  in  Boston,  1727." 

13.  A  Cup  with  two  handles:  "The  Gift  of  Mr.  Samuel  Barrett  to 
the  New  North  Church  of  Christ,  in  Boston,  May  4,  1728." 

14.  A  Tankard,  with  the  Hutchinson  Arms  in  front,  no  inscription  or 
date.  The  record,  in  the  handwriting  of  Dr.  A.  Eliot,  states  that  "  This 
was  given  by  the  Hon.  Thomas  Hutchinson,  Esq.,  in  the  early  days  of 
the  Church."''^ 

1  These  are  of  pure  silver,  and  are  chanics  ; "  namely,  Solomon  Townsend, 

all  in  use  at  the  present  time,  1854.  Erasmus  Stevens,  Moses  Pierce,  Caleb 

"^  This  was  the  father  of  Governor  Lyman,  John  Pecker,  Alexander  Sears, 
Hutchinson.  It  has  been  stated  in  print  Ebenezer  Clough,  John  Goldthwait, 
that  he  gave  this  Tankard  to  the  Church  Samuel  Gardner,  William  Parkman, 
on  the  same  day  that  he  signed  the  deed  John  Barrett,  Isaac  Pierce,  Joshua 
of  the  land  on  which  the  meeting-house  Cheever,  Matthew  Butler,  Elias  Town- 
was  built.  send,  John  Goflf,  and  James  Barnard. 

The  New  North  Church  was  formed  A  lot  of  land  about  one  hundred  feet 

in  1712  by  "seventeen  substantial  me-  square  was  purchased  of  Col.  Thomas 


6l8  APPENDIX. 

15.  A  Tankard  :  "  The  Gift  of  Mr.  John  Harrod,  to  the  New  North 
Church  of  Christ,  in  Boston,  1729." 

16.  A  Tankard  :  "  The  Gift  of  Mrs.  Abiel  Pen  Ruddock,  widdow,  to 
the  New  North  Church  in  Boston." 

17.  A  Can.    j  There  is  no  inscription  on  these  Cans  ;  they  were  given 

18.  A  Can.   \  by  Deacon  Grant  and  Deacon  John  Barrett. 

19.  A  large  Flagon:  Given  by  Mrs.  Hunnewell.  ["The  Gift  of 
M?  Mary  Hunnewell,  Dec'!  to  the  New  North  Church,  Boston,  175 1."] 

20.  A  large  Flagon :  "  Gift  of  Mrs.  Rebecca  Waters,  to  the  New 
North  Church  in  Boston,  of  which  the  Rev.  Mr.  Webb  and  Rev.  Mr. 
Eliot  are  Pastors." 

21.  A  large  Flagon  :  "  Given  by  Elder  Cheever,  July  23,  1750." 

22.  A  Basin,  for  baptizing:  "The  Gift  of  Mr.  David  Farnum  to  the 
New  North  Church  in  Boston,  N.  E.,  1722." 

23.  A  Strainer,  and  four  large  Platters."  ^ 

After  the  dissolution  of  the  New  North  Church,  this  service  of 
plate  was  sold  by  its  last  minister,  Rev.  William  R.  Alger,  to 
Messrs.  Bigelow,  Kennard,  and  Co,  The  firm  sold  nine  pieces 
of  this  service,  as  follows :  — 

Nos.  I  and  4  to  Henry  Austin  Whitney. 
No.  10  to  Louis  Cabot. 
Nos.  II  and  13  to  Mrs.  Samuel  Cabot. 
Nos.  14,  16,  and  21  to  Samuel  Fales  Dalton.' 
No.  15  to  Robert  W.  Hooper,  M.D. 

The  remaining  pieces  of  this  service  —  namely,  Nos.  2,  3,  5, 
6,  7,  8,  9,  12,  17,  18,  19,  20,  22,  and  23,  weighing  268  oz.  8  dwt. — 
were  sold,  in  the  winter  of  1870-71,  to  Mr.  John  F.  Eliot  @  $1.50 
per  ounce.  They  were  subsequently  presented  to  King's  Chapel, 
as  above  stated,  at  Easter,  1872. 

Hutchinson,  and   the  wooden   meeting-  Mr.  John   Webb,   then  chaplain   at 

house  which  was  at  once  built  upon   it  Castle  William,  was  ordained  the  first 

was  dedicated  May  5,  1714.     The  price  Minister  of  the  Church,  Oct.  20,   17 14, 

paid  for  the  land  was  ^^455  16,  "  part  of  on  which  day  the  Church  Covenant  was 

which  was  on  credit,  and  a  bond  given  publicly  assented  to  by   the   members, 

for  the  payment.     It  stood  on   interest  Caleb   Lyman   and  John    Barrett   were 

for  a  short  time."     These  circumstances,  the  first  deacons.     See  Ephraim  Eliot's 

doubtless,    account    for    the    delay    in  Historical  N'otices  of  the  New  North  Reli- 

passing  the  title.     The  deed   describes  ^/w^j-.S'ij^V^j',  and  Rev.  Arthur  B.  Fuller's 

the  estate  as  bounded  on   North  (now  Historical  Discourse  delive7-ed  in  the  New 

Hanover)    and    Hawkins    (now    Clark)  North  Church,  Oci.  \,\Z^a^.  —  Editor. 
streets   and    White   Bread   Alley   (now  1  These  platters  are  of  pewter.   They 

Harris  Street),  "  on  part  whereof  stands  have  long  been  in  the   Cabinet  of  the 

the   New   North   Meeting-House."      It  New-England      Historic     Genealogical 

was  dated  Feb.  4,  1717,  acknowledged  Society. 

March  24,  17x7,  and  recorded  April  12,  ^  Mr.  Dalton  returned  the  Hutchin- 

1718,   with   Suffolk   Deeds,   xxxii.   220.  son  Tankard  (No.  14)  to  Rev.  William 

This  site  is  now  covered  by  St.  Stephen's  Hutchinson  Oliver  of  Stapleford,  Herts, 

Roman  Catholic  Church.  England. 


TOMBS    UNDER   THE    CHAPEL. 


619 


PLAN    OF 

TOMBS    UNDER   KING'S   CHAPEL, 

BOSTON,   AUGUST   26,    1S13. 


No 

No. 

Thomas  Bulfinch. 

I.                         20. 

Charles  Williams. 

Charles  Apthorp. 

2.                         19. 

Benjamin  Vincent. 

Silvester  Gardiner. 

3-                       18. 

Joseph  Coolidge. 

d 

z 

William  Vassall. 

4.                        17. 

Herman  Brimmer. 

0 

cr 
0 

John  Gould. 

5-                      16. 

John  C.  Jones. 

James  Lloyd. 

6.                       15. 

Joseph  Barrell 

-1 
< 

Edward  Blanchard. 

7- 

X  John  B.  Joy. 

3 

James  Gordon. 

8.                       14. 

John  Box. 

CQ 

Charles  Paxton 

9-                       13- 

Ebexezer  Oliver. 

X  Clements. 

12. 

Isaiah  Doane. 

James  Ivers. 

10.                        II. 

Lewis  Deblois. 

^ 

Strangers' 
Tomb. 

TREMONT    STREET. 


These  tombs,  which  were  closed  to  future  interments  by  Chap. 
190  of  the  legislative  Acts  of  1890,  bear  neither  inscription  nor 
number,  with  these  exceptions:  — 

Over  No.  6,  cut  in  very  large  Roman  capitals,  is  the  name  LLOYD. 
Over  No.  15  is  an  oval  tablet  of  white  marble  inscribed  thus :  — 


^^svw    ^^R^ei^^ 


DEATH  is  the  good  man's  FRIEND;   and  the 

day  of  his  death,  is  better  than  the  day  of  his  birth. 

"Was  DEATH  deny'd,  e'en  FOOLS  would  wifli  to  die." 

The  hope  of  future  life,  foftens  our  cares,  and 

heightens  every  blifs  : 

Then  reft  in  peace,  for  we  fliall  live  again. 

Over  No.  1 7  is  a  blue  slate  slab,  bearing  only  the  word  •'  Brimmer's." 

Governor  Shirley  was  buried  with  military  honors  in  tomb  No.  iS, 
April  I,  T771.  Cf  anfe,  pp.  225,  226,  Boston  JEvcning  Posf,  Nos.  1852, 
1853,  1854,  and  the  Bos/on  Gazette,  No.  835,  March  and  April,  1771. 


620  APPENDIX. 

BOSTON    PUBLIC   LATIN   SCHOOL. 

Since  the  reference  to  the  site  of  the  Schoolhouse  {ante,  i. 
83),  and  the  account  of  the  negotiations,  in  1748,  between  this 
Parish  and  the  Town  of  Boston,  for  a  piece  of  land  at  the  east- 
erly end  of  the  church  {ante,  ii.  53  et  seq.)  were  written,  a  bronze 
tablet,  bearing  the  following  inscription,  has  been  placed  on  the 
stone  post  of  that  part  of  the  City  Hall  fence  nearest  to  King's 
Chapel :  — 

ON   THIS   SPOT   STOOD   THE 

FIRST   HOUSE 

ERECTED    FOR  THE   USE   OF  THE 

BOSTON   PUBLIC   LATIN   SCHOOL. 

THIS   SCHOOL   HAS   BEEN   CONSTANTLY 

MAINTAINED   SINCE   IT   WAS   ESTABLISHED 

BY   THE   FOLLOWING  VOTE   OF   THE   TOWN  : 

"at  a   GENERAL   MEETING   UPON  PUBLIC   NOTICE 

IT   WAS   AGREED   UPON  THAT   OUR    BROTHER, 

PHILEMON   PORMORT, 

SHALL   BE   ENTREATED   TO   BECOME 

SCHOOLMASTER   FOR   THE   TEACHING 

AND   NURTURING   OF   CHILDREN   WITH    US. 

APRIL    13,    1635." 


The  bill  for  making  Dr.  Freeman's  Vestments  has  been  pre- 
served in  the  Church  files.     It  is  here  printed  verbatim :  — 

Boston,  June  -  1783. 
The  Gen';'  Chirch  wardens  to  BENjt  Stevens  D- 

To  making  the  parson's  gond  and  Casseck 3  -  12  -     o 

To  Silk  and  thread  for  D° 6 

To  wone  Kneeckloop 2 

Silk  Brade  for  Loops 2 

I  y^  Yards  Lennen  for  D° 3 

Buttons  for  D? 7 

Buckram  and  Stays i-  — 

To  wone  Yard  of  Silk  rippen 6 

To  making  pair  Breeches 10 

Lennen  for  D° 2-0 

Buttons  for  D" 1-3 

Silk  thread  and  twist 2-6 

Stays  and  findings i 

;^  5     -  3  -  10 

Rec'?  Three  pounds  Twelve  Shillgs  in  part  of  Within  Ace'. 
;^  3.    12     -        Benji  Stevens 


THE   EPISCOPAL   ORDINATION    SERVICE.  62 1 


EXTRACT   FROM   A   LETTER   OF   DR.   FREEMAN 

RESPECTING   THE   ORDINATION   SERVICE 

OF   THE   EPISCOPAL   CHURCH. 

In  181 5  the  Rev.  Dr.  Jedediah  Morse,  the  mouthpiece  and 
special  champion  of  the  Orthodox  party  in  the  Unitarian  Con- 
troversy, so  called,  caused  to  be  reprinted  in  Boston,  in  several 
editions,  a  chapter  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Belsham's  Memoirs  of 
the  Rev.  Theophilus  Lindsey.  To  this  pamphlet  Dr.  Morse 
gave  the  title  "American  Unitarianism ;  or,  a  Brief  History  of 
the  Progress  and  Present  State  of  the  Unitarian  Churches  in 
America."  He  then  proceeded  to  review  the  pamphlet  anony- 
mously and  in  a  most  disingenuous  manner  in  the  "  Panoplist " 
for  June  of  the  same  year,  and  thereby  "  opened  that  bitter 
controversy  which  so  long  distracted  our  community."  A 
brief  but  excellent  account  of  Dr.  Morse's  connection  with 
this  proceeding  is  contained  in  an  Historical  Note  to  Dr.  George 
E.  Ellis's  Discourse  on  the  Twenty-fifth  Anniversary  of  his 
Ordination  at  Charlestown,  March  12,  1865.  Mr.  Belsham 
secured  most  of  his  facts  respecting  Unitarianism  in  and  about 
Boston  through  a  correspondence  with  Dr.  Freeman  and  others. 
Soon  after  his  own  ordination  (Nov.  18,  1787),  Dr.  Freeman 
wrote  to  Mr.  Belsham  as  follows :  — 

"  I  mentioned  in  a  former  letter,  that  Bishop  Seabury  had  ordained  a 
priest  in  Boston.  The  members  of  my  congregation  in  general  attended. 
They  were  so  shocked  with  the  service,  particularly  with  that  part  where 
the  Bishop  pretends  to  communicate  the  Holy  Ghost  and  the  power  of 
forgiving  sins,  which  he  accompanied  with  the  action  of  breathing  on  the 
candidate,  that  they  now  congratulate  me  upon  having  escaped  what 
they  consider  as  little  short  of  blasphemy.  Few  of  them  had  ever  read, 
or  at  least  attentively  considered,  the  Ordination  Service.  Since  they 
have  heard  it,  I  have  frequently  been  seriously  asked  by  them  whether  I 
would  have  submitted  to  so  absurd  a  form.  I  confess  that  I  am  con- 
vinced I  should  have  acted  wrong  if  I  had  done  it.  I  shudder  when  I 
reflect  to  what  moral  danger  I  exposed  myself  in  soliciting  ordination 
of  the  American  bishops,  for  I  certainly  never  believed  that  they  had 
the  power  of  conveying  the  Holy  Spirit." 


622  APPENDIX. 


THE   BELL. 


Agreement  made  this  twenty  sixth  day  of  December,  1815,  by  &  be- 
tween Aaron  Dexter  &  Joseph  May  in  behalf  of  the  proprietors  of  King's 
Chapel  of  the  one  part  &  Paul  Revere  and  son  of  the  other  part. 

The  said  Paul  Revere  &  son  agree  to  take  the  Church  Bell,  now  belong- 
ing to  King's  Chapel,  &  pay  therefor  twenty  five  cents  per  pound ;  they 
also  engage  to  convey  the  said  Bell  to  their  Foundery,  and  form  an  exact 
mould  thereof;  and  with  the  whole  metal  of  the  old  Bell  &  a  small  addi- 
tion of  other  suitable  metal,  they  engage  to  cast  a  new  Bell  which  shall  in 
all  respects,  size,  shape,  weight,  &  tone  resemble,  as  exactly  as  possible, 
the  present  Bell,  as  it  was  when  unbroken.  The  new  Bell  shall  be  ex- 
amined &  compared  with  the  old  one  by  the  said  Dexter  &  May,  or  any 
three  Judges  whom  they  shall  appoint ;  and  if  approved  of,  the  said 
Dexter  &  May  shall  pay  therefor  forty  one  &  ^'°°  Cents  per  pound,  at 
the  end  of  one  year  from  the  time  of  receiving  said  Bell ;  which  shall  be 
warranted  by  the  said  Paul  Revere  &  son  to  be  merchantable,  strong, 
sound,  &  free  from  all  latent  defects.  The  old  Bell  to  be  delivered,  &  the 
new  one  to  be  received,  at  the  door  of  King's  Chapel  in  Boston. 

Aa.  Dexter 
Jos :   May 

Paul  Revere  &  Son. 
Witnesses.  — 

Georsfe  Cabot 


The  breaking  and  recasting  of  the  bell  inspired  the  following 
stanzas ;  — 

The  Chapel  Church,  The  Church  still  lives, 

Left  in  the  lurch,  The  priest  survives, 

Must  surely  fall ;  With  mind  the  same. 

For  church  and  people  Revere  refounds, 

And  bell  and  steeple  The  bell  resounds, 

Are  crazy  all.  And  all  is  well  again. 


The  late  Mr.  Joseph  W.  Revere  kindly  furnished  for  these 
pages  a  copy  of  the  following  anonymous  letter:  — 

Boston,  Oct.  28,  1816. 

Sir,  —  Since  the  arrival  of  the  New  Bell  at  the  Old  South,  much  has 
been  said  respecting  the  one  you  cast  for  the  Stone  Chapel.  —  I  assure 
you  as  a  friend  and  for  the  future  credit  of  your  Foundery,  that  it  is 
highly  necessary  you  should  do  something  to  harmonize  the  sound  & 


JAMES    FREEMAN    CLARKE 


CELEBRATION   OF  THE    PEACE   OF    1815.  623 

give  it  greater  power  of  vibration,  if  ever  you  wisli  to  have  your  name  cele- 
brated as  a  Bell  Founder.  I  am  a  friend  to  all  American  Manufactures, 
&  strongly  advocated  in  your  behalf  that  you  should  have  the  recasting 
of  the  Bell  —  but  I  am  sorry  to  say,  I  am  much  disappointed  in  my  ex- 
pectations, &  I  beg  you  to  consider  that  this  Hint  is  from  a  friend,  who 
ardently  wishes  you  success,  &  I  hope  all  expense  on  your  part  will  not 
come  in  contact  with  your  future  interest  &  celebrity  — .  I  do  not  speak 
my  own  sentiments  only,  on  this  evidence  only  I  should  not  have  pre- 
sumed to  have  addressed  you,  but  I  speak  the  sentiments  of  hundreds,  & 
have  delayed  until  the  present  moment,  hoping  some  arrangement  would 
have  taken  place  between  you  &  the  Church,  but  as  nothing  has  been 
done,  I  hope  your  own  pride  will  be  roused  to  pay  due  attention  to  this 
sincere,  but  friendly  Hint. — 
To 
Messrs  Paul  Revere  &  Sons 

Boston  — 


SERVICE    IN    CELEBRATION    OF    PEACE    BE- 
TWEEN   THE    UNITED    STATES    AND 
GREAT    BRITAIN,   IN   1815. 

At  the  Bi-centennial  Anniversary  of  King's  Chapel,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1886,  the  Rev.  Dr.  James  Freeman  Clarke  said:  — 

"  Twice  in  my  life  I  have  seen  this  Chapel  as  full  as  it  is  to-day.  Once 
was  a  great  while  ago,  after  the  declaration  of  peace  with  Great  Britain. 
I  cannot  pretend  to  remember  much  ;  but  I  do  remember,  as  a  little 
boy,  being  very  much  surprised  by  seeing  so  many  people  in  this  build- 
ing, and  by  seeing  such  an  extended  choir  on  each  side  of  the  organ. 
The  other  occasion  was  when  Edward  Everett  returned  from  Europe, 
and  Dr.  Freeman  —  who  had  a  talent  for  discovering  genius  and  ability 
in  young  men,  and  a  great  admiration  of  genius  and  ability  wherever  it 
was  found  — asked  him  to  preach  in  this  pulpit  on  Christmas  Day  ;  and 
not  only  was  every  seat  full,  but  this  middle  aisle  was  filled  with  people 
standing.  Dr.  Freeman  admired  Buckminster.  he  admired  Dr.  Chan- 
ning,  he  admired  James  Walker,  —  all  men  younger  than  himself,  — 
and  was  very  fond  of  having  them  here." 

We  c^ive  on  the  next  page  a  fac-similc  of  the  printed  pro- 
gramme used  at  the  service  held  on  the  twenty-second  of 
February,  1815  :  — 


OBBER 

OP  THE 


Solemn  Service, 

Appointed  to  be  perlornied  by  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts  at 
the  Stone  Chapel,  ou  the  22d  of  Feb.  1815, 


IN  CELEBRATION  OF 


PEACE  between  the  UNITED  STATES 
and  GREAT-BRITAIN. 


OCCASIONAL  OVERTtlRE. 

BV  THE  BAND 


II. 

tlANDEL'S  DOUBLE  CHORUS, 


O  lovely  Peace  !  wiih  Plenly  crown'd, 
Come  spread  thy  blessings  all  around 
Lci  fleecy  flocks  Ihe  hill  adorn, 
And  vallies  smile  with  wavy  corn 


We  praise  thee,  O  GOD  '■  We  «ckno>vledge 
Ihee  to  be  the  Lord. 

All  ihe  earth  doth  worship  thee,  Ihe  Father 
Cvei'la&ting. 


III. 


PRAYER. 


Flown  IS  the  nestler,  that  tenanted  there  ! 

Long,  from  the  pelting  storm 

None  soupht  its  blij»hted  form. 
Save  ibc  lone  Raven,  that  acrearo'd  in  despair 

Hosannas,  the  high  vanit  of  Heaven  aacending, 
Hallow  the  day  when  our  Chieftain  was  boni ! 
The  OLIVE  lie  planted  revives,  and  is  blending 
lis  leaves  with  the  laurel  that  blooms  o'er  his  mvtl 

Ne'er  may  the  sucred  tree 

Shorn  of  its  verdure  be  . 
Ne'er  m^y  the  blast,  thai  hath  scatter'd  it,  blow 

■'  Hcav'n  send  it  happy  dew, 

Earth  tend  it  sap  anew. 
Gaily  to  bourgeon  and  broadly  to  grow  " 

Sunk  be  the  blaze  of  the  balefire  forever  ! 

Hush'd  be  the  trump  in  the  slumber  of  years ! 
Seraphs  sound  Psans  of  praise  to  the  Giver, 
PEACE  hath  illumin'd  a  nation  in  tears  1 

May  she  in  triumph  reigu, 

Over  our  Land  u^am  , 
Ne'er  may  her  fair,  floating  banners  be  furl'd 

Still  be  the  orphan's  moan, 

Silent  the  widow's  groiin, 
Loit,  (or  a  time»  io  the  joy  of  the  world. 


IV. 


HYMN. 


TUVB  "  HOTHAM." 


Peace  :  the  welcome  sound  proclaim  i 
Dwell  with  rapture  on  the  iheme  : 

Loud,  still  louder  swell  the  strain. 
Peace  on  earth,  good  will  to  men  I 

Breeiea,  whispering  soft  and  low, 
Gently  murmur  as  ye  blow, 

:n  war  and  discord  cease. 


>  the  God  of  peace. 

Ocean's  billows,  far  and  wido 
Rolling  in  majestic  pride, 

Loud,  still  louder  swell  the  slralnt 
Peace  on  earth,  good  wilt  to  men. 


Mortals  !  who  these  blessings  fee!, 
3  I  who  before  him  kneel. 
Now,  when  war  and  discord's  o'er. 

Praises  sing,  and  God  adore. 


V. 

CHORUS  FRO:\T   HAYDN'S  ORATO- 
RIO  OF  "  CRE^TIOA," 

Choru),    The  heavens  are  telling  the  glory  of  God  : 
The  wonder  of  his  work  displays  the  firm- 
ament. 

TYio.        To-day,  that  is  coming,  speaks  it  the  day  : 
The  night,  that  is  gone,  to  following  night. 

C/iorui.     The  hearens  are  telling,  fee. 

7Vio,        In  all  the  lands  resounds  the  word, 

Never  unperceived,  ever  understood. 

Chorua.    The  beavcns  are  telling,  8cc. 

VL 

0T)E/or  the  Anniversary  of  the  Birth- Day 
qf  WASHINGTON,  Fe.b.  VM,  1815. 

PEACE 

•  ETWUB  TH»  tISmD  nAT£a  OP  AUSIUCA.  4*0  OBUT-BBITlIIV- 

At  the  (Ttjticst  of  Ihe  Committee  of  Amingemenu  of  the  Le. 
jisUmre  of  Massachusetts. 

Bt  L.  M.  SARGENT,  Esa. 

Whextbs  for  the  Chieftain  we  honor  !  who  plantetl 
The  ULIVE  of  Peace  in  the  soil  that  be  gain'd. 

Freemen  his  praise,  'neath  its  shelter  havo  chanted  ; 
Secure  in  its  branches  the  Ringdoio  remain'd— 


VII. 
LESSONS  FROM  SCRIPTURE. 

VIII. 

«'  PEdCE  TO  THE  SOULS  OF  THE 

HEROES.'* 
SERIOUS  GLEE. 

Peat  to  the  souls  oF  the  Heroes  !  their  deeds 
were  ^rcat  in  fight  Let  us  honor  their  names 
in  peace.     Let  them  shew  their  features  in  war 

Their  souls  were  calm  and  firm  in  danger,  and 
their  arms  like  the  thunder  of  heaven. 

Hosannas  to  thee.  O  Lord  God  !  For  the 
day  of  rest  has  come  ,  when  our  thought*  arO 
«f  Peace,  and  the  din  of  arms  is  past' 


IX. 

HANDEL'S  HALLELUJAH  CHORUS. 

Hallelujah  !  For  the  Lord  God  Omnipotent 
reinneth.  Hallelujah  ! 

The  kingdom  of  this  world  is  become  the 
kingdom  of  our  Lord,  uod  of  his  Christ  And 
he  shall  reign  forever  and  ever.  King  of  Kings, 
and  Lord  of  Lords.  Halklujnh- 


PRAYER. 

XI. 
Selected.         HYMN. 

TUNE  "  OLD  HCWDRED." 

Now  peace  returns  with  balmy  wing  ; 

Stveet  peace,  with  her  what  blessings  Hed  ! 

Glad  plenty  smiles,  the  vallies  sin^. 
Reviving  coiuoierce  lifts  her  head. 


Thou  good,  and  wise,  and  righteous  Lord! 
All  move  suhscrvicnt  to  thy  will  ; 
Both  peace  and  war  await  ihv  word, 
And  thy  sublime  decrees  fulfil. 

To  thee  wo  pay  our  grateful  songs, 

Thy  kind  protection  still  Implore. 

O  may  our  bearta.  and  lives,  and  tongues. 

Confess  tby  goodness,  and  adoi-e. 


XII. 

BENEDICTION. 


VERSES    BY   JAMES   FREEMAN    CLARKE.  625 

Dr.  Clarke  concluded  his  Address  in  these  words :  — 

"  So  much  must  be  permitted  to  one  who  remembers  a  great  way  back  ; 
and  now,  though  my  friend  Wendell  Holmes  is  about  to  give  us  a  poem, 
may  I  venture  to  read  a  few  Hues  of  verse  which  I  will  not  call  poetry, 
but  which  may  be  a  kind  of  prelude  to  his  opera :  — 

As  our  New  EngLind  elm,  the  queen  of  trees, 

Lifts  its  vast  urn  of  foliage  to  tlie  breeze. 

Stirred  by  each  air  tliat  thrills  its  graceful  form. 

Or  tossing  wildly  in  the  driving  storm. 

Yet  by  its  mighty  roots  is  anchored  fast,  — 

So  all  our  life  is  rooted  in  the  past : 

Through  all  our  struggles,  hopes,  through  good  and  ill. 

The  memories  of  childhood  hold  us  still. 

Church  of  my  boyhood  !  as  we  gather  here, 
Shades  of  the  past,  long  buried,  reappear. 
I  see  beside  you  other  forms  and  faces, 
Another  congregation  takes  your  places. 
This  dear  old  church  with  living  lustre  burns 
When  all  the  immemorial  past  returns. 

From  that  old-fashioned  pulpit,  in  my  youth. 
Came  the  calm  voice  of  simple,  earnest  truth,  — 
Words  of  an  honest  man,  who  left  the  broad 
Highway  of  custom  for  a  lonely  road  ; 
Firm  to  resist  each  rude,  opposing  shock, — 
Like  Hindu  temple,  cut  in  solid  rock. 

And  not  in  vain ;  for  where  he  made  a  way 

We  enter  into  Freedom's  home  to-day. 

He  helped  to  build,  with  new  and  better  rules, 

Our  literature,  society,  and  schools, 

Working  with  men  of  every  name  and  creed,  — 

With  Cheverus,  though  unsainted,  saint  indeed; 

With  Mather  Byles  or  Hollcy  took  his  stand. 

Holding  a  heretic's  or  bishop's  hand  ; 

To  all  good  work  his  ready  help  would  lend ; 

Of  young  and  old  the  counsellor  and  friend  ; 

And  was,  when  round  his  form  Time's  mantle  fell. 

That  "  Indian  summer"  he  described  so  well. 

The  past  is  gone  !  but  let  the  coming  race 
Keep  this  old  Chapel  ever  in  its  place. 
Long  may  it  stand  for  truth,  and  every  son 
Join  in  still  better  work  as  time  rolls  on  ! 
And  let  its  children,  wheresoe'er  they  roam. 
Hold  fast  the  lessons  of  their  early  home  ; 
And  'mid  temptation's  wild  and  stormy  blast 
May  this  old  anchor  ever  hold  them  fast! 
VOL.  II.  —  40 


626  APPENDIX. 

"  The  Minister  then  said :  *  The  Poet  who  for  long  years  has  found  a 
home  amid  these  associations,  will  now  touch  for  us  some  of  their  chords.'  " 


P  O  E  M.i 

By  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  D.  C.  L. 

Is  it  a  weanling's  weakness  for  the  past 

That  in  the  stormy,  rebel-breeding  town, 
Swept  clean  of  relics  by  the  levelling  blast, 
Still  keeps  our  gray  old  Chapel's  name  of  "  King's," 
Still  to  its  outworn  symbols  fondly  clings. 
Its  unchurched  mitres  and  its  empty  crown  ?2 


Poor,  harmless  emblems !     All  has  shrunk  away 
That  made  them  Gorgons  in  the  patriot's  eyes ; 

The  priestly  plaything  harms  us  not  to-day; 

The  gilded  crown  is  but  a  pleasing  show, 

An  Old-World  heirloom  left  from  long  ago. 
Wreck  of  the  past  that  memory  bids  us  prize. 


Lightly  we  glance  the  fresh-cut  marbles  o'er ; 

Those  two  of  earlier  date  our  eyes  enthrall : 
The  proud  old  Briton's  by  the  western  door ; 
And  hers,  the  lady  of  colonial  days. 
Whose  virtues  live  in  long-drawn  classic  phrase. 

The  fair  Francisca  of  the  southern  wall. 


Ay !  those  were  goodly  men  that  Reynolds  drew, 
And  stately  dames  our  Copley's  canvas  holds ; 
To  their  old  church,  their  royal  master,  true. 
Proud  of  the  claim  their  valiant  sires  had  earned, 
That  "gentle  blood,"  not  lightly  to  be  spurned 
Save  by  the  churl  ungenerous  Nature  moulds. 


All  vanished  I     It  were  idle  to  complain 

That  ere  the  fruits  shall  come  the  flowers  must  fall; 

Yet  somewhat  we  have  lost  amid  our  gain. 

Some  rare  ideals  time  may  not  restore,  — 

The  charm  of  courtly  breeding,  seen  no  more. 
And  reverence,  dearest  ornament  of  all. 

1  The  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  stanzas  2  The  gilded  ornaments  on  the  organ, 

of  this  poem  have  already  been  quoted     Cf.  ante,  pp.  128,  331,  332. 
in  connection  with   our  account  of  the 
Shirley  monument.  Seeaw/'^,  p.  i^i,  note. 


OLIVER   WENDELL   HOLMES. 


DR.    HOLMES'S    POEM.  ^l"] 

Thus  musing,  to  the  western  wall  I  came. 

Departing,  —  lo  !  a  tablet  fresh  and  fair, 
Where  glistened  many  a  youth's  remembered  name 
In  golden  letters  on  the  snow-white  stone,  — 
Young  lives  these  aisles  and  arches  once  have  known, 

Their  country's  bleeding  altar  might  not  spare. 

These  died  that  we  might  claim  a  soil  unstained 

Save  by  the  blood  of  heroes ;  their  bequests, 
A  realm  unsevered  and  a  race  unchained. 
Has  purer  blood  through  Norman  veins  come  down 
From  the  rough  knights  that  clutched  the  Saxon's  crown 

Than  warmed  the  pulses  in  these  faithful  breasts.? 

These,  too,  shall  live  in  history's  deathless  page, 

High  on  the  slow-wrought  pedestals  of  fame, 
Ranged  with  the  heroes  of  remoter  age  : 
They  could  not  die  who  left  their  nation  free, 
Firm  as  the  rock,  unfettered  as  the  sea. 

Its  heaven  unshadowed  by  the  cloud  of  shame. 

While  on  the  storied  past  our  memory  dwells, 

Our  grateful  tribute  shall  not  be  denied,  — 
The  wreath,  the  cross  of  rustling  immortelles; 
And  willing  hands  shall  clear  each  darkening  bust, 
As  year  by  year  sifts  down  the  clinging  dust 

On  Shirley's  beauty  and  on  Vassall's  pride. 


But  for  our  own,  our  loved  and  lost,  we  bring 

With  throbbing  hearts  and  tears  that  still  must  flow, 

In  full-heaped  hands,  the  opening  flowers  of  spring, — 

Lilies  half-blown,  and  budding  roses,  red 

As  their  young  cheeks  before  the  blood  was  shed 
That  lent  their  morning  bloom  its  generous  glow. 


Ah !  who  shall  count  a  rescued  nation's  debt, 

Or  sum  in  words  our  martyrs'  silent  claims  ? 
Who  shall  our  heroes'  dread  exchange  forget, — 
AH  life,  3'outh,  hope,  could  promise  to  allure 
For  all  that  soul  could  brave  or  flesh  endure  ? 

They  shaped  our  future :  we  but  carve  their  names. 


628  APPENDIX. 


The  following  sonnet,  "  In  King's  Chapel,"  written  in  Boston, 
Nov,  3,  1873,  by  Mrs.  Julia  C.  R.  Dorr,  deserves  a  place  in  these 
pages : — 

"  O  Lord  of  Hosts,  how  sacred  is  this  place, 

Where,  though  the  tides  of  time  resistless  flow, 

And  the  long  generations  come  and  go. 
Thou  still  abidest !     In  this  holy  space 
The  very  airs  are  hushed  before  Thy  face. 

And  wait  in  reverent  calm,  as  voices  low 

Blend  in  the  prayers  and  chantings,  soft  and  slow. 
And  the  gray  twilight  stealeth  on  apace. 
Hark  !  There  are  whispers  from  the  time-worn  walls ; 

The  mighty  dead  glide  up  the  shadowy  aisle ; 

And  there  are  rustlings,  as  of  angels'  wings. 
While  from  the  choir  the  heavenly  music  falls  ! 
Well  may  we  bow  in  grateful  praise  the  while  — 

In  the  King's  Chapel  reigns  the  King  of  Kings !  " 


Reference  has  been  made  (p.  567)  to  Mr.  Foote's  strong 
interest  in  the  school  at  Hampton,  Va.,  and  to  the  fact  that  the 
hospital  connected  with  it  was  due  to  his  benevolent  enter- 
prise. On  the  walls  of  the  hospital  is  a  tablet  bearing  this 
inscription :  — 

for  the  relief  of 

god's  children 

and  in  loving  memory  of 

MARY   FOOTE. 

BLESSED   ARE   THE   PURE 

IN   HEART. 

1864-1885. 

ERECTED   BY   MEMBERS   OF 

king's   CHAPEL,  BOSTON. 

The  tablet  is  of  brass,  the  color  of  old  bronze,  set  on  a  piece 
of  oak.  A  design  of  flowers  is  etched  in  the  brass,  outside  the 
inscription:  on  the  right  hand,  a  spray  of  lilies;  on  the  left,  of 
wild  roses  ;  at  the  foot,  a  bunch  of  mayflower. 


INSTALLATION    OF    HOWARD    N.   BROWN.  629 


THE   HOLMES   MONUMENT. 

In  the  autumn  of  1895  the  Parish  caused  to  be  placed  upon 
the  northern  wall  of  the  Chapel  a  beautiful  monument  in  mem- 
ory of  Dr.  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes.  The  monument,  of 
pale  Sienna  marble  and  Mexican  onyx,  was  designed  by  Mrs. 
Henry  Whitman;  the  inscription  was  written  by  President 
Charles  W.  Eliot;  and  the  Latin  motto  upon  the  frieze  (from 
Horace's  Ars  Poetica,  343)  was  suggested  by  Professor  George 
M.  Lane. 

The  inscription  reads  as  follows :  — 


MISCVIT  VTILE    DVLCI 

—'^:?—'^S'—'^-'^S^  IN  MEMORY  OF 
OLIVER  WENDELL  HOLMES 
TEACHER  OF  ANATOMY 

ESSAYIST  POET  -^:^  ^CJ^^^p-'V^ 
BORN  AVGVST  XXIX  MDCCCIX 
DIED    OCTOBER  VII   MDCCCXCIV 

IN  HIS  CONVERSATION  AND  WRITINGS 
SHONE  KEEN  INSIGHT  WIT 
DEVOTION  TO  TRVTH  LOVE  OF 
HOME  FRIENDS  AND  COVNTRY 
AND  A  CHEERFVL  PHILOSOPHY 
A  TRVE  SON  OF  NEW  ENGLAND 
HIS  WORKS  DECLARE  THEIR 
BIRTHPLACE  AND  THEIR  TIMES 
BVT  THEIR  INFLVENCE  FAR 
TRANSCENDS        THESE        LIMITS 

ERECTED  BY  KING'S  CHAPEL 
MDCCCXCV 


The  Rev.  Howard  Nicholson  Brown  was  installed  Minister 
of  King's  Chapel  according  to  the  form  in  use  in  this  Parish  for 
more  than  a  century,  on  Sunday  Nov.  10,  1895. 


MINISTER  AND   OFFICERS. 
1896. 


REV.  HOWARD   NICHOLSON   BROWN. 

SEartrens, 

ARTHUR   THEODORE   LYMAN. 
CHARLES   PELHAM   CURTIS. 

Ucstrg, 

PHILIP   HOWES   SEARS. 
JOHN   WILLIAM    WHEELWRIGHT. 
ROBERT   HOOPER   STEVENSON. 
ABBOTT    LAWRENCE    LOWELL. 
JOSEPH   RANDOLPH    COOLIDGE,  JR. 
FRANCIS   CABOT   LOWELL. 
OSCAR   HALLETT   SAMPSON. 
HAMILTON   ALONZO   HILL. 
ERNEST  JACKSON. 

ABBOTT   LAWRENCE   LOWELL. 


INDEXES. 


INDEX   OF   PROPER   NAMES. 


The  Editor  cannot  refrain  from  again  expressing  his  very  great  obligation  to  his  friends,  Mr. 
Thomas  Minns  and  Mr.  Henry  Ernest  Woods,  for  their  invaluable  aid  in  the  perfecting  of  these 
Indexes,  especially  in  respect  to  full  names. 


A. 


lARON  (an  Indian),  i.  153. 
Abbot,  Edward  Stanley,  ii.  612. 

Joseph  Hale,  ii.  599. 

Samuel,  ii.  499. 
Abercorn,  Earl  of,  i.  94. 
Abercrombie,  James,  ii.  138. 
Abergavenny,  William,  i.  493. 
Aborn,  Henry  Marshall,  ii.  601. 
Achitophel,  ii.  303. 
Adams,  Abigail,  ii.  318,  369. 

Abraham,  ii.  2. 

Charles  Francis,  i.  13;  ii.  366,  565,  593. 

Charles  Frederick,  ii.  598,  601,  609. 

Eliphalet,  i.  305. 

Franklin  Moody,  ii.  554,  611. 

Herbert  Baxter,  ii.  446. 

John,  i.  469;  ii.  47,  121,  144,  151,  152, 
IS4.  i57>  267,  310,  312,  318,  480,  526. 

John  Quincy,  ii.  366. 

Joseph  Thornton,  ii.  599. 

Mary,  ii.  531. 

Nathaniel,  i.  17. 

Samuel,  ii.  199,  299.311,  357,477. 

Seth,  ii.  591. 

William,  ii.  294. 
Addicks,  John  Edward  Charles   O'Sullivan, 

ii.  589. 
Addington,  Anne,  i.  480. 

Isaac,  i.  43,  148,  149,  480. 

Rebecca,  i.  480. 
Adkins,  James,  i.  89. 
Agassiz,  Louis,  ii.  527. 
Agneau,  Colonel,  ii.  175. 
Ainsworth,  Henry,  i.  19. 
Aish,  William,  ii.  593.     See  Ash. 
Albee,  John,  i.  18. 
Alcock,  Elizabeth,  i.  90. 
Alden,  Jno.,  i.  133. 
Alexander,  Allexander. 

James,  i.  198. 

W.,  ii.  170. 
Alford,  Benjamin,  i.  89. 

John,  i.  92. 

Mary,  i.  92. 

William,  i.  92. 


Alger,  William  Rounseville,  ii.  618. 

Allan,  Major,  i.  230. 

Allen,  Alleyne,  Allin,  Alline,  Allyn. 

Rev.  Mr.,  i.  3S2, 

Abigail,  i.  398. 

Charles,  ii.  441. 

Daniel,  i.  89. 

Frederick  Baylies,  i.  492. 

Freeman,  ii.  601. 

Henry,  ii.  225. 

James,  i.  64-66. 

Jeremiah,  i.  398  ;  ii.  54,  58. 

John,  i.  260,  279  ;  ii.  443. 

John  Carter,  ii.  120. 

Jolley,  ii.  159,  313,  314,   322,  326,  328, 

594- 

Joseph,  ii.  537. 

Joseph  Henry,  ii.  vi,  viii,  245. 

Lewis,  ii.  313,  314. 

Mary,  ii.  154. 

Ralph,  ii.  90,  91,  95-97,  127,  167. 

Thomas,  i.  175. 
Almond,  Dr.,  i.  117. 
Altamont,  Earl  of,  ii.  147. 
Amboy  (a  negro),  i.  366. 
Ames,  Ellis,  i.  454 
Amherst,  Jeffrey,  ii.  199,  212,  283. 
Amory,  Amery,  Amorey. 

,  ii-  343- 

Catherine  Callender,  ii.  530. 

Charles  Walter,  ii.  612. 

John,   ii.  322,   325,   329,  342,   344,  381, 

397,  530.  592,  608. 
Jonathan,  ii.  342. 
Rebecca,  ii.  480. 
Rufus  Greene,  ii.  344. 
Thomas,   i.  269,  352,  360;  ii.   295,   480, 

606. 
Thomas  Coffin,  ii.  358,  359,  481. 
William,  ii.  522,  590,  597,  609,  610. 
Anderson,  James  Stuart  Murray,  i.  4,  6,  7,  11, 
16,  27,  60,  61,  119,  169,  194,  222,  225,  253, 
321,386,410,  47S;  ii.    180,  229,231,  236, 
238,  246,  302,  303,  346. 
Andram,  William,  ii.  74. 
Andreson,  Nicholas,  i.  231. 


634 


INDEX   OF   PROPER   NAMES. 


Andrews,  John,  ii.  285. 

Joseph,  i.  260. 

Nicholas,  i.  260. 

See  Andros. 
Andros,  Androse,  Andross,  Andrews. 

Edmund  (Sir),  i.  xiii,  xvii,  xix,  38,  46, 
47,  56-71,  73-93,  95,  96,  99,  100, 103- 
109,  113,  115,  118,  128,  137,  139,  144, 
145,  14S,  160,  i74,  179,  226,  279,  345, 
362,  420,  480,  550;  ii.  I,  216,  242,  320, 

335,  531,  561,  562- 
Elizabeth  Crispe  (Lady),  i.  74. 
Elizabeth  Fitzherbert  (Lady),  i.  74. 
Marie  Craven  (Lady),  i.  74,  75,  145,  381; 
ii.  131. 
Anne,  Queen  of  England,  i.  xiv,  n6, 123, 148, 
151,  166,  174,  210,  212,  215,  2i6,  221,  222, 
224,  228,  236,  238,  244,  268,  270,  271,  290, 
297,  298,  410,  441  ;  ii.  60,  164,  245,  263. 
Anne,  Princess  of  Denmark,  i.  147. 
Annesley,  Annesly. 

Samuel,  i.  44,  91. 
Anson  Lord,  ii.  50. 
Aplin,  John,  ii.  275. 
Appleton,  Appulton,  Aappleton. 
Benjamin  Barnard,  ii.  591. 
Ebenezer,  ii.  533. 
Elizabeth,  ii.  531. 
Francis  Henry,  ii.  590. 
Hannah,  ii.  531. 
Harriot  Coffin,  ii.  594. 
Isaac,  ii.  531. 
James  Amory,  ii.  590. 
John,  ii.  531. 
Joseph,  ii.  533. 
Judith,  ii.  531. 
Mary,  ii.  531,  534,  588. 
Mary  Ellen,  ii.  590. 
Nathan,  ii.  457,  474,  526,  531-533,  535, 

594,  612. 
Nathaniel,  i.  106. 
Priscilla,  ii.  531. 
Samuel,  i.  xi ;  ii.  457,  463,  523,  525,  531, 

533-535,  588;  609.  _ 
Thomas  Gold,  i,  xi ;  ii.  535. 
William,  ii.  457,  533. 
William  Sumner,  ii.  594. 
Apreeces,  Captain,  i.  197. 
Apthorp,  Apthorpe,  Apthought. 
Alicia,  ii.  143,  144. 
Ann,  ii.  143. 
Anne,  ii.  273. 
Catherine,  ii.  144. 

Charles,  i.  xi,  336,  382,  425,  432,  459, 
484,  532,  549;  ii-  12,  13,  19,  33,  43-46, 
54, 55,  62,  65,  66,  73-75, 85,  86,  90,  98, 
105,  116,  118,  119,  122-124,  126,  142- 
147,  171,  177,  185,  186,  272,  368,  470, 
585,  586,  588,  591,603,  604,606,619; 
ii.  xii. 

Mrs.,  i.  xi. 
Charles  Ward,  ii.  125,  143,  168, 170,  597. 
Charlotte  Augusta,  ii.  143. 


Apthorp,  Apthorpe,  Apthought  {continued). 
East  (d.  1713),  i,  xix,  133, 159,  177,  186, 

202,  211,  231,  234;  ii.  142,  603,  605. 
East  (Rev.),  ii.  143,  144,  172,  177,  241, 

25S-60,  262,  269,  272,  273,  298,  349-51. 
Elizabeth,  ii.  144,  273. 
George,  ii.  144. 
Grace,  ii.  143. 
Grizel,  Grizzel,  Grizzell,  i.  523  ;  ii.  142, 

143,  147,  175, 321-324, 328,  Zli.Z^I, 

391,  588,  591. 

Hannah,  ii.  143,  370. 

Henry,  ii.  144. 

James,  ii.  143,  147,  170,   177,  322,  326- 
328,331,  387,  390,  595,  596,  607. 

John,  ii.  124,  143,  144,  170,  370. 

John  Trecothick,  ii.  143,  431. 

Joseph,  ii.  144. 

Mary,  i.  91;  ii.  143,  144,  175. 

Rebecca,  ii.  144. 

Robert,  ii.  144. 

Sarah,  ii.  143,  175. 

Stephen,  ii.  144. 

Susan,  ii.  142,  143,  368. 

Thomas,  ii.  144,  296. 

William,  ii.  144. 
Arbuthnot,  Arburtnet,  Arbuthnott.  [606. 

John,  i.2ii,  240,  265,  335,  483,  4S4;  ii. 
Archbald,  Francis,  ii.  345. 
Ardell,  William,  i.  89,  92. 
Argyle,  Argyll. 

Duchess  of,  ii.  456. 

Duke  of,  i.  94;  ii.  93. 
Aristocles,  i.  475. 
Arius,  ii.  337. 
Arminius,  ii.  410. 
Armstrong,  Samuel  Chapman,  ii.  567. 

Samuel  Turell,  ii.  540. 
Arnold,  Mr.,  i.  408. 

Benedict,  i.  183. 

Jane,  i.  183. 

Josiah,  ii.  147. 

Lydia,  ii.  147. 

Stephen,  i.  183. 
Arnott,  Colonel,  i.  230,  234. 
Arriss,  Arris. 

Robart,  Robert,  i.  230,  234. 

See  Harris. 
Arthur,  George,  i.  549;  ii.  119,  586. 
Ash,  John,  ii.  608.     See  Aish, 
Aspinwall,  Thomas,  i.  24. 
Astell,  Hannah,  ii.  201. 
Atherton,  Consider,  i.  19. 

Hope,  i.  19. 

Humphrey,  i.  19. 

Patience,  i.  19. 

Rest,  i.  19. 

Thankful,  i.  19. 

Watching,  i.  19. 
Atkins,  Mr.,  ii.  88,  89. 

Henry,  ii.  iii. 

Joseph,  i.  418. 

See  Adkins. 


INDEX   OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


635 


Atkinson,  Ba.,  i.  354. 

John,  ii.  296,  411. 

Mary  Ann,  ii.  411. 

Theodore,  ii.  159. 
Attalus,  i.  306. 
Atterbury,  Francis,  i.  298. 
Aubone,  Thomas,  i.  231. 
Auchmuty,  Accmuty,  Auchmooty. 

•  i-  434- 

Deborah,  i.  249. 
Henrietta,  ii.  153. 

Robert,  i.  247-249,  269,  288,  334,  337, 
347,  354,  401,  424,  432,  434,  459,  462, 
499,  547;  ii.  87,  119, 123,  131,  153,156, 
^57,  304,  312,322,  325,  328,  5S6,  591, 
606,  607. 
Samuel,  ii.  157,  304. 
Austin,  Austine,  Aston. 
Mr.,  ii.  292. 

Thomas,  i.  4S4;  ii.  607. 
Authades,  i.  475. 

Avery,  Benjamin,  ii.  114,  130,  260. 
Ayscough,  Francis,  ii.  126. 


B< 


►AAL,  ii.  116. 
Babcock,  Charles  Henry,  i.  492. 
Bach,Johann  Sebastian,  ii.  400. 
Bacon,  Francis,  ii.  600,  609. 

Louisa  Crowninshield,  ii,  591, 

William,  ii.  166. 
Badger,  Moses,  ii.  345. 
Bagnall,  Bagnal,  Bagnell. 

Mrs.,  ii.  326. 

Benjamin,  i.  265,  354. 
Bailey,  Jacob,  ii.  149,  159,  235,  238,  345,  347, 
356. 

Joseph,  i.  254. 

See  Bayley. 
Baird,  Charles  Washington,  i.  170. 
Baith,  Adam,  i.  231. 
Baker,  Messrs.,  ii.  124. 

Eliphalet,  ii.  434. 

Francis,  i.  92. 

James,  i.  212,  265,  269,  334, 335,  367,  373. 

John,  i.  89,  105 ;  ii.  120,  181,  617. 

Nathaniel,  i.  89. 

Priscilla,  ii.  531. 

Samuell,  i.  177. 

Sarah,  ii.  75. 

Thomas,  i.  354-356,  359. 
Baldwin,  Aaron,  ii.  589. 

Aaron  Charles,  ii.  589. 
Balestier,  Joseph,  ii.  594. 
Ball,  Thomas,  ii.  546,  582. 
Ballard,  Jarvas,  i.  89. 
Bambury,  Earl  of,  ii.  37. 
Bancroft,  George,  i.  7,  152;  ii.  541. 

Thomas  Poynton,  ii.  593. 
Band,  Nathanael,  ii.  74. 
Bandinel,  Douce,  ii.  363. 

George,  ii.  363. 


Banfield,  Ann  Fiske  Scholfield,  ii.  592. 
Bangor,  Bishop  of,  ii.  71. 

Phileleuth,  i.  306,  307. 
Bangs,  Mary  Elizabeth,  ii.  589,  591. 

William  Augustus,  ii.  589,  591. 
Banks,  Bankes. 

Nathaniel  Prentice,  ii.  615. 

Richard,  i.  44,  45,  49,  90;  ii.  603. 
Bannister,  Banester,  Banister,  Barrister. 

Madam,  i.  476;  ii.  5S5. 

Samuel,  i.  360,  427,  476  ;  ii.  606. 

Thomas,  i.  202,  211,  239,  242;  ii.  605. 
Bant,  Gilbert,  i.  89. 

Mary,  i.  92. 

Mercy,  i.  92. 
Barbadoes,  Bishop  of,  i.  223. 
Barbauld,  Anna  Letitia,  i.  116. 
Barclay,  Henry,  ii.  272. 

Patrick,  i.  296,  299. 

William,  i.  256. 
Barker,  Miss,  ii.  193. 

Frances,  ii.  129. 

Francis,  ii.  129, 
Barkley.     See  Barclay ;  Berkeley. 
Barlow,  Joel,  ii.  383. 
Barnard,  Colonel,  ii.  2S3. 

Francis,  ii.  210. 

James,  ii.  617. 

John,  i.  262,  403. 

Jonathan,  i.  355;  ii.  93,  124,  126. 

Thomas,  i.  537  ;  ii.  377. 
Barnes,  David  Leonard,  ii.  52S. 

Henry,  ii.  119. 

John,  i.  269,  315,  317,  329,  336,  337,  358, 
360,  370,  422,  484,  4S5  ;  ii.  12,  603, 
606. 

Joshua,  i.  117. 
Barnett,  John,  i.  231. 
Barre,  Isaac,  ii.  69. 
Barrel],  John,  ii.  120, 

Joseph,  ii.  326,  329,  381,400,  596,  619. 
Barrett,  John,  ii.  617,  618. 

Samuel,  i.  518  ;  ii.  617. 
Barrington,  Elizabeth,  i.  267. 

Francis,  i.  267. 

John,  i.  267. 

Samuel,  i.  267. 

Shute,  i.  267. 
Barrister.     See  Bannister. 
Barry,  James,  i.  203. 
Bartlett,  Bartleet,  Bartlet. 

Captain,  i.  199,  229,  232. 

Mr.,  i.  240. 

Catharine  Amelia,  ii.  599. 

George,  ii.  599. 

Mary  Eliza,  ii.  595,  596. 

Matthew,  ii.  595. 

Sidney,  ii.  440,  527,  599,  609. 

Thomas,  ii.  322,  329,  594,  600,  608. 

William   Stoodley,   i.   16,   194;    ii.  128, 

147,  149,  15°,  192,  235,  345,  347,  356. 
Bartol,  Cyrus  Augustus,  i.  537  ;  ii.  253,  515, 
516,  518,  519. 


636 


INDEX   OF   PROPER   NAMES. 


Barton,  Mr.,  i.  135. 
Samuel,  ii.  326. 
Barwick,  William,  i.  477,  498. 
Bason,  Samuel,  ii.  75. 
Bass,    Edward,    i.    256,    514;    ii.   237,   352, 

393- 

Mary,  i.  94. 
Bastede,  Jono.  Henry,  ii.  123. 
Batchelder,  Calvin    Reddington,   i.  18,  485, 
526,  531  ;  ii.  128,  246,  346. 

Samuel,  ii.  46. 
Bates,  Caleb,  ii.  188. 

Edward  Carrington,  ii,  596. 

Georgiana  Hall,  ii.  592. 

John  Douglas,  ii.  592,  596,  610. 

Martin,  ii.  592. 

Sarah,  ii.  592. 

William,  ii.  592, 
Bath,  Mrs.,i.  335. 
Bath  and  Wells,  Bishop  of,  i.  73, 
Bathe,  Adam,  i.  211. 
Batson,  Joseph,  ii.  599. 
Baudouin.     See  Bowdoin. 
Baulstone,  Pity,  i.  19. 
Baury,  Alfred  Louis,  i.  517, 
Baxter,  Thomas,  i.  522. 
Bayard,  Elizabeth,  ii.  144. 

Rebecca,  ii.  144. 

Robert,  ii.  144. 
Bayley,  Mrs.,  i.  117. 

See  Bailey. 
Baylies,  Edmund,  ii.  591. 

Francis,  i.  1S5. 
Bazin,  Abraham,  ii.  591.    1  E'iza  leaver 

*  u     u        >     j         ul         I  Joanna  Buckley, 

Abraham's  daughters  ■:  Judith, 

ii     eni  I  Louisa, 

"•  591-  V.  Mary, 

John,  ii.  591. 
Beach,  John,  i.  474,  475  ;  ii.  9,  10,  250. 

Beal, ,  ii.  193. 

Bearcroft,  Philip,  i.  318;  ii.  181,  258. 

Beard, ,  i.  238. 

Beardsley,  Eben  Edwards,  i.  313,  318,  321, 

322,387;  ii.  2,3,  6,  151. 
Beare.     See  Boare. 
Bearnard,  John,  i.  240. 
Beaven,  Samuel,  ii.  274. 
Bedford,  Duke  of,  i.  387  ;  ii.  92. 
Belchamber,  Thomas,  i.  89. 
Belcher,  Captain,  i.  186. 

Abigail,  i.  398. 

Andrew,  i.  249,  397. 

Jonathan,  i.  xv,  xviii,  xix,  232,  249,  268, 

270,  291 !  395.  397-4oo>  402,  404.  411. 
412,  414,  418,  420,  443,  452,  455,  45S, 
463,  482,  486,  49S,  508,  528,  529,  550, 
562 ;  ii.  93,  129,  198,  216,  363. 

Rebecca,  i.  258. 

William,  ii.  592,  597,  600. 
Belknap,  Edward,  ii.  592. 

Henry,  ii.  612. 

Jeremy,  i.  421 ;  ii.  394,  401. 

Jerh,  ii.  61. 

John,  ii.  592. 


Bell,  Daniel,  ii.  67,  79,  89. 

William,  ii.  115. 
Bellamy,  Samuel,  i.  246. 
Bellas,  Stephen,  i.  213. 
Bellingham,  Richard,  i.  34  ;  ii.  536. 
Bellomont,  Catherine  (Lady),  i.  143,  145. 

Richard  Coote,  Earl  of,  i.  xiii,  xvii, 
xix,  120,  128,  129,  140-1^.6,  157,  183, 
375  ;  "•  605. 

See  Coote. 
Bellows,  Anna  Huidekoper,  ii.  499. 

Henry  Whitney,  ii.  499,  540. 
Belsham,  Captain,  i.  188. 

Thomas,  ii.  412,  621. 
Bengeer,  Robert,  i.  117. 
Bennett,  Bennit. 

Elisha,  i.  117. 

Jos.,  i.  20,  21,  530  ;  ii.  26,  38. 

Thomas,  i.  354,  549;  ii.  119,  587,  600. 

William,  i.  265. 
Bentley,  William,  ii.  ^-jt,,  377,  379,  402. 
Berkeley,  Barkley. 

George,  i.  210,  308,  322,  364,  3S2,  383, 
407;  ii.  49,  76,  116,232,  245. 
Bernard,  Amelia,  ii.  206. 

Francis,  i.  122,  515;  ii.  202-204,  206, 
207,  209,  210,  215-217,  219,  226,  232, 
238,  240,313,  350,  351. 

Godfrey,  ii.  206. 

John,  ii.  206. 

Jonathan,  ii.  607. 

William,  ii.  206. 
Berry,  James,  i.  204. 
Bethune,  George,  ii.  72. 

Mary,  ii.  72. 

Nathaniel,  ii.  375. 
Betterly,  Widow,  ii.  586. 
Beveridge,  William,  i.  160,  162,  218,  250,403; 

ii.  257. 
Beza,  Theodore,  i.  289. 
Bigelow,  Andrew,  ii.  443. 

Anna  Smith,  ii.  591. 

George  Tyler,  ii.  441,  504,  543,  565,  591, 
609. 

Jacob,  ii.  593. 

Mary  Anna,  ii.  593, 
Bigelow,  Kennard,  &  Co.,  ii.  618. 
Billings,  Mary,  ii.  592. 

William,  ii.  404. 
Birch,  William,  ii.  601. 
Bird,  John,  i.  260. 
Birney,  James  Gillespie,  ii.  473. 
Bishop,  John,  i.  117. 
Bissell,  Jos.,  i.  353. 
Black,  Donald,  i.  xi. 
Blackburn,  Blackburne. 

Francis,  i.  504;  ii.  274,  278,372. 

Jonathan  B.,  ii.  144,  160. 
Blackden,  Ann,  ii.  122. 
Blackstone,  Blackston,  Blaxton. 

William,  i.  xix,  14,  15. 


Samuel,  ii.  321,  324,  329, 


INDEX   OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


^n 


Blair,  James,  i.  60,  61,  63,  217,  3S5,  514, 
Blakclock,  John,  ii.  305. 
Blake,  George,  ii.  600. 

George  Baty,  ii.  594,  610. 

Henry  Jones,  ii,  612. 

John  Rice,  ii.  363. 

Louisa,  ii.  363. 

Mary  Lee,  ii.  598. 

Sarah  Putnam  Lowell,  ii.  594. 

Stanton,  ii.  610. 
Blanchard,  Caleb,  ii.  321,  323,  324,  328,  329, 
331,  5S9,  608. 

Edward,  ii.  619. 

Joshua,  ii.  67. 

William,  ii.  48. 
Blaxton.     See  Blackstone. 
Bleckenden,  Charles,  i.  239. 
Bligh,  Sarah,  i.  235.        '" 

Thomas,  i.  235. 
Blish,  Blush. 

Abraham,  i.  94. 

Abram,  i.  89,  137. 
Bliss,  Leonard,  i.  15. 

Blodget, ,  ii.  326,  595. 

Blore,  John,  i.  211. 
Blount,  Blunt. 

Anthony,  i.  177,  183,  201,  203,  231,  232, 
234,  239,  242,  267,  316,  317,  324;  ii. 
603,  605. 

Jane,  i.  183. 
Blush.     See  Blish. 
Boare,  Beare. 

Nicholas,  i.  119. 
Bohemia,  Queen  of,  i.  63. 
Boit,  John,  ii.  322,  329,  595. 
BoIIan,  Bolan.  [132. 

Frances,  i.  523,  548,  549;   ii.   129,  131, 

William,  i.  462,  523,   54S,   549;   ii.  129, 

131,  132- 
Bolingbroke,  Lord  St.  John,  i.  234;  ii.  153. 
Bolton,  Duke  of,  i.  258. 
Bonaparte,  Napoleon,  ii.  335,  402,  403. 
Bonen,  William,  ii.  119. 
Boning,  Robert,  i.  495. 
Boone,  Nicholas,  i.  279. 
Boott,  Boot.  [60S. 

Kirk,  ii.  321,  324,  329,  423,  474,  589,  600, 

Mary,  ii.  474. 
Borland, ,  ii.  298. 

Francis,  ii.  46. 

John,  Mrs.,  ii.  298. 

Phebe,  ii.  46. 
Boucher,  Widow,  i.  269. 
Boult,  John,  i.  149. 
Bourn,  Shearjashub,  i.  340. 
Bourryan.     See  Burryean. 
Bours,  Peter,  i.  261. 
Boutineau,  ,  ii.  153. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  338. 

James,  ii.  98,  338,  339. 

Mary,  ii.  338,  363. 

Stephen,  ii.  338. 

Susannah,  ii.  338,  339. 


Bowditch,  Alfred,  ii.  5  89. 

Charles  Pickering,  ii.  5S9,  613. 

Henry  Pickering,  ii.  613. 

Jonathan  Ingersoll,  ii.  591,  597,  609. 

Nathaniel  Ingersoll,  i.  82. 
Bowdoin,  Baudouin,  Bowden,  Bowdin,  Bow- 
don. 

i.  112  ;  ii.  149. 

Ambrose,  i.  260. 

Hannah,  i.  91. 

James,  i.  91  ;  ii.  149,  201,  300,  355,  369. 

Jonathan,  i.  260. 

Mary,  i.  127. 

Pierre,  i.  89,  91. 
Bowen,  Charles,  ii.  539. 

William,  i.  522,  607. 

Bowers,  ,  ii.  326,  596. 

Bowes,  Bows. 

,  i.  262. 

Mrs.,  ii.  193. 

Arthur,  ii.  193. 

Edmund  Elford,  ii.  193. 

Emily,  ii.  193. 

Hannah,  ii.  192,  193. 

William,  ii.  192,  193,  295. 
Bowles,  Elizabeth,  i.  93. 

John,  i.  93. 
Bowyer,  Jonah,  i.  296. 
Box,  Ann,  ii.  154. 

Elisha,  ii.  154. 

John,  i.  547;  ii.  16,  18,  33,  44,  45,  54,  64, 
81,  109,  no,  112,  115,  117,  iiS,  123, 
154,  i55>  171,  321,  323.  324.  328,  331, 
381,  387,  391.  587,  590.  604,  607,  608, 
619. 

Lydia,   ii.  154,   321,  323,  324,  32S,  331, 

387,  390,  590- 

Mary,  ii.  154. 

Sarah,  ii.  154. 
Boydell,  John,  i.  265. 
Boyer,  Elizabeth,  ii.  588. 
Boyes,  Antipas,  ii.  149. 
Boyle,  Isaac,  i.  2or,  224,  337. 
Boylston,  Zabdiel,  i.  368,  397,  409. 

See  Baulstone. 
Brackett,  Bracket. 

John,  ii.  102. 

Samuel,  ii.  162,  599.  [138,  283. 

Braddock,  Edward,  i.  548  ;  ii.  129,  133-135, 
Bradford,  Alden,  i.  341,  349;  ii.  243,  244,  246, 
251,  260,  264,  267,  273. 

Gamaliel,  ii.  443. 

Samuel  Dexter,  ii.  443,  600. 

William,  i   4,  6,  7,  36;  ii.  149. 
Bradlee,  James  Bowdoin,  ii.  590,  597. 

Mary  Perrin,  ii.  590. 
Bradley,  Leverett,  i.  492. 

William,  ii.  6oi. 
Bradstreet,  Broadstreet. 

Ann,  i.  270. 

Dudley,  i.  258,  270. 

John,  ii.  171. 

Simon,  i.  28,  29,  56,  68,  75,  139,  270. 


638 


INDEX   OF   PROPER   NAMES. 


Brady,  Nicholas,  i.  204,  206,  207;  ii.  383. 

Braganza,  ,  i.  233. 

Brainard,  David,  i.  410. 
Bramhall,  John,  i.  4. 
Brandon,  Joseph,  ii.  130. 
Brasford,  Hercules,  i.  203. 
Brattle,  Elizabeth,  i.  20S. 

Mary,  i.  235. 

Thomas,  i.  xiv,  137,  139,   188,  208-211, 
235,  420. 

William,  1.  209,  211;  ii.  210. 
Bray,   Thomas,  i.   159,   161,   217,  21S,   251, 

385;  ii.  231,  262. 
Brack,  Samuel,  i.  181 ;  ii.  322,  327,  329,  381, 
400,  592,  597,  608. 

William,  ii.  324,  589. 
Brett,  Captain,  i.  549,  5S7. 

Timothy  (Tomithy),  i.  230,  233. 
Bretton.     See  Briton. 
Brewer, ,  ii.  401. 

Gardner,  ii.  502,  595,  604,  609. 

John,  i.  200,  202,  231  ;  ii.  305. 

Thomas,  ii.  225. 
Breynton,  John,  i.  249;  ii.  305,  317,  344-346, 

35°- 
Mary,  i.  249, 
Bridge,  Bridg,  Bridges,  Brydges. 
Mr.,  ii.  170. 
Christopher,   i.  xiv,   xix,   130,    132-134, 

153.  157-171,  175.  ^77^  185.  190.  194, 
196,  361,  365,  36S,  369;  ii.  602. 

Edgerton  (Sir),  ii.  129. 

Elizabeth,  i.  170,  171. 

Robert,  i.  157. 

Thomas,  i.  170. 
Bridger,  John,  i.  230,  234,  239,  254;  ii.  605. 
Bridgman,  Orlando,  i.  220;  ii.  229. 

Thomas,  ii.  116,  142. 
Briggs,  George,  ii.  596. 

John,  i.  211,  549;  ii.  587. 
Bright,  Francis,  i.  8. 
Brights,  John,  i.  549;  ii.  587. 
Brimmer,  Anna  Elizabeth,  ii.  121. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  121. 

Francis,  ii.  139,  606. 

Herman,  ii.  121,  162,  321-324,  326,  328, 
329,  33i>  589,  594^  619. 

Martin,  i.  367,  548;  ii.  119,  121,  154,  171, 

239,  443'  587.  594>  599- 
Susanna,  ii.  121. 
Thomas,  i.  45;  ii.  327. 
Brinley,  Brindley,  Brinly. 
Catharine,  i.  48,  249. 
Catherine,  i.  178. 
Deborah,  i.  248. 
Ed.,  ii.  168,  170. 
Elizabeth,  i.  249. 
Francis,  i.  xix,  48,  90,  178,  216,  239,  248, 

249>  360,  394.  401,  499,  532  ;  ii-  iS,  16, 

18,78,  iiS,  123,  136,  139,239,316,586, 

597,  603,  606, 
Mary,  i.  91. 
Nathaniel,  i.  249. 


Brinley,  Brindley,  Brinly  {continued). 

Robert,  i.  249;  ii,  597. 

Thomas,  i.  45, 48, 89,  91, 248, 249 ;  ii.  295 
316,  322,  327,  328,  597,  608. 

William,  i.  89. 
Bristol,  Bishop  of,  ii.  244,  246. 
Briton,  Bretton,  Britten,  Brittoon, 

,  ii.  585- 

Mrs.,  i.  335. 

Widow,  i.  334. 

Philip,  i.  230;  ii.  585. 
Broadbent,  Joshua,  i.  89. 
Broadstreet.     See  Bradstreet, 
Broccas,  John,  ii.  606. 
Brock,  Mr.,  i.  269. 
Brockwell,  Brakwel,  Brakwell,  Brockwel. 

Charles,  i.  4S1,  4S9,  508,  528,  535  ;  ii.  21, 
23-38,  79,  8r,  107,  108,  113,  114,  12S, 
177,  187-189,235,  602. 
Mrs.,  ii.  36. 
Brodhead,  John  Romeyn,  i.  83. 
Bromfield,  Edward,    i.    214,  216,  270,  291 ; 

ii.  58. 
Bronsson,  Elizabeth,  ii.  443, 

Richard,  ii.  443. 
Brooke,  Mr.,  i.  174. 
Brooker,  Joanna,  ii.  118,  123,  158,  170    183, 

185,  1S7,  419,  421. 
Brooks,  Mr.,  i.  367. 

Charles  Timothy,  ii.  469. 

Clara  Gardner,  ii.  595,  596. 

Edward,  ii.  609. 

Francis,  ii.  474,  522,  5S9,  595,  610. 

Gorham,  ii.  443. 

Henry  Cobb,  ii.  595. 

John,  ii.  5S9. 

Peter  Chardon,  ii.  597. 

Phillips,  i.  485,  492,  537;  ii.  563. 

Shepherd,  ii.  595,  596. 

Susan  Oliver,  ii.  597. 

William  Gray,  ii.  157. 

William  Henry,  ii.  24. 
Brown,  Browne. 

Mr.,  i.  161,  240,  254,  316,  317,  319,  321 ; 
ii.  551. 

Ann,  ii.  75. 

Annie,  ii.  147. 

Arthur,  i.  305,  386,    461,  465,  509;   ii. 
147,  237,  264,  266,  311. 

Buckminster,  ii.  595. 

Daniel,  i.  319. 

Howard  Nicholson,  ii.  602,  629,  630. 

James,  ii.  551. 

John,  i.  7,  449. 

John  Murray,  i.  iii. 

Marmaduke,  ii.  180. 

Mary,  ii.  195,  364. 

Matt.,  ii.  75. 

Palti,  ii.  75. 

Richard,  ii.  195. 

Robert,  i.  3 ;  ii.  264. 

Samuel,  i.  7,  449. 

Sarah  Alvord,  ii.  595. 


INDEX   OF   PROPER   NAMES. 


639 


Brown,  Browne  {continiied). 

Thomas,  ii.  296. 

Thomas  Quincj',  ii.  610. 
Bruce,  Captain,  ii.  31. 

Dr.,  ii.  124. 

Charles,  i.  21  r. 
Brudnell,  Mr.,  i.  400. 
Brumley,  Benjamin,  i.  211. 
Bryant,  John,  ii.  296. 
Brymer,  Alexander,  ii,  296. 

Bucher, ,  i.  335. 

Buck,  Mr.,  ii.  173. 
Buckfield,  Thomas,  i.  230. 
Buckingham,  Joseph  Tinker,  ii.  155. 

Stephen,  i.  312. 
Buckley,  Rev.  Mr.,  i.  45,  49,  50. 
Mrs.,  i.  49. 

Joanna,  i.  233. 

Joseph,  i.  230,  233. 

W.,  Mrs.,  i.  117. 
Buckminster,  Joseph,  i.  183;  ii.  376. 

Joseph  Stevens,  ii.  396,  402,  445,  623. 

Sarah,  i.  1S3. 
Buer,  Nathaniel,  ii.  5S7. 
Bulfinch,  Bullfinch. 

Adino,  ii.  343,  368. 

Charles,  ii.  322,  329,  338,  339,  344,  370, 
379.  405.  594,  608. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  343. 

Hannah,  ii.  370. 

Judith,  ii.  343. 

Stephen  Greenleaf,  ii.  379,  469,  521. 

Susan,   ii.  143,   175,  368,  369,  414,  475, 
616. 

Thomas,  ii.  143,  147,  225,  295,  306,  307, 
321-324,  327-329,  331,  T,y:,>  335,  337, 
343i  344,  349,  35',  368-370,  379,  38', 
387,  422,  443,  444,  485,  551,  555,  564, 
5S8,  589,  597,  600,  604,  608,  610,  619. 
Bull, ,  i.  119. 

Elizabeth,  i.  424,  518. 

George,  i.  218;    ii.  374. 

lobe,  i.  211. 

John,  i.  424. 

Jonathan,  i.  424. 
Bullard,  Elizabeth  Lyman,  ii.  597. 

Lewis,  ii.  594. 

Stephen  Hopkins,  ii.  597,  610. 
Bullivant,  Bullifant,  Bullyfant,  Bullyvant. 

Benjamin,  i.  xix,  44-50,  71,  78,  82,  85, 
86,  89,  90,  no,  120,  121,  144;  ii.  603. 

Hannah,  i.  46. 
Bumstead,  Jeremiah,  i.  248. 

John,  i.  248  ;  ii.  589. 
Bunch,  Thomas,  ii.  239. 
Burbeck,  Henry,  ii.  167. 

William,  ii.  167,  600. 

Burbeon, ,  ii.  37. 

Burchell,  John,  ii.  239. 
Bureau,  Anne,  ii.  72. 
Burgess,  George,  i.  299;  ii.  467. 
Burgoine,  Christopher,  i.  267. 

Thomasine,  i.  267. 


Burgoyne,  John,  i.  234;  ii.  296,  332,  352. 
Burke,  Edmund,  ii.  201. 

John  Bernard,  ii.  69,  129,  483. 
Burley,  Susan,  ii.  599. 
Burn,  Richard,  i.  384,  385. 
Burnet,  Burnett. 

Gilbert,  i.   218,    371,  373,   376;    ii.  244, 

255- 
John,  ii.  617. 
William,  i.  xv,  xviii,  xix,  120,  246,  349, 

369,  371-373,  375-377,   379-381,  397, 
420,  550  ;  ii.  13,  216,  562. 
Burrick,  Captain,  ii.  587. 

Widow,  ii.  587. 
Burrill,  John  Thompson,  i.  325. 
Burroughs,  Charles,  i.  215,  481. 

Francis,  i.  89. 

Henry,  i.  317,325. 

John,  ii.  324. 
Burryean,  Bourryan, 

Zachary,  ii.  124-126,  171. 
Burt,  Stephen,  ii.  117,  125, 
Burton,  Daniel,  ii.  183. 

William,  ii.  296. 
Busby,  John,  i.  198. 
Butler,  Joseph,  i.  244  ;  ii.  257. 

Mary,  ii.  594. 

Matthew,  ii.  617. 

Peter,  i.  232,  240. 

Samuel,  ii.  120,  594. 
Byfield,  Deborah,  i.  17S. 

Nathaniel,  i.  105.  17S,  185,  189,  248-2 

Sarah,  ii.  294. 
Byles,  Mather,  i.  325,  482,  533;  ii.  183,238, 
293,  304,  345,  483,  625. 


C. 


ABOT,  Cabbot. 

Eliza,  ii.  598. 

Frederick,  ii.  589. 

George,  Georg,  i.  211 ;  ii.  622. 

James  Elliot,  ii.  535. 

Louis,  ii.  618. 

Samuel,  Mrs.,  ii.  618. 
Caine,  Henrietta  Maria,  ii.  119. 
Calef,  Robert,  i.  67. 
Callender,  Charles,  ii.  595. 

John,  ii.  600,  609. 
Calley,  Benjamin,  i.  260. 

James,  i.  260. 

John,  i.  260. 
Calvin,  John,  i.  21,  289;  ii.  337,  410,  529. 
Camden,  Lord  Chancellor,  ii.  357. 
Campbell,  Cambell. 

Captain,  ii.  195. 

Mr.,  ii.  170. 

Charles,  i.  16,  61. 

Duncan,  i.  89,  131,  171. 

James,  i.  247. 

John,  i.  T73. 
Candish,  Tho.,  i.  260. 
Cane.     See  Kane, 


640 


INDEX   OF   PROPER   NAMES. 


Caner,  Canner,  Conner,  Connor. 

(married  a  Gore),  ii.  348. 

Ann,  ii.  99,  103. 
Elizabeth,  ii.  3. 

Henry,  i.  viii,  ix,  xviii,  196,  203,  214,  264, 
374, 528,  534>  535-  537. 54°,  546 ;  ii.  xiv, 
1-9,  II,  14-21,  23,  25-34,  2,1,  38,  42,  44, 
46,  49,  51,  52,  54,  55,  58,  64,  76,  ^T, 
79-83,  85,  86,  88,  90-92,  97,  99,  loi, 
103-110,  112-115,  120,   123-125,  137, 
145,   154,  156,  159,  162,  168,  174-176, 
178-184,  186,  187,  189-191,  204,  207, 
209-211,  213-216,  218,  220-222,  224, 
225,  230,  235,  236,  238,  246,  251,  259, 
267,  268,  288,  2S9,  291,  292,  294-296, 
299,  302,  304,  305,  310,  312,  317,  330, 
332,  336,  344-35 T,  364,  381,  419,  420, 
422,  432,  433,485,  594,602. 
Mary,  ii.  3. 
Richard,  ii.  6. 
Cannington,  Thomas,  i.  459,  463. 
Canterbury,  Archbishop  of,  i.   10,   11,  44,  97, 
113,  159,  160-162,  168,  177,  251,  280,  464, 
467,  542;  ii.   71,   159,   1S8,  244,   254,  257, 
267,  268. 
Caradoque.     See  Cradock. 
Carew,  Thomas,  i.  10. 
Carey.     See  Cary. 
CarHsle,  Earl  of,  ii.  456. 
Carlton,  Oliver,  ii.  571. 

Caroline,  Queen  of  England, Wilhelmina  Doro- 
thea Carolina,  i.  xv,  1 7,  350,  498-500  ;  ii.  49. 
Carpenter,  Mrs,,  ii.  327. 

Esther  Banker,  ii.  147,  356. 
Carpfield,  Major,  i.  230. 
Carre,  Sir  Robert,  i.  29. 
Carson,  Jane,  i.  523. 
Carter,  Benjamin,  i.  211. 
David,  ii.  524. 
Joh,  i.  no. 
Mary,  i.  117. 
Richard,  i.  117. 
Carwithy,  Elizabeth,  i.  93. 
Cartwright,  George,  i.  29. 
Cary,  Carey. 

Anne  Perkins,  ii.  588. 

James,  ii.  536. 

James  Freeman,  ii.  413. 

John,  i.  200. 

Mary  Ann,  ii.  411-413,  416. 

Matthew,  i.  117. 

Nathaniel,  ii.  616. 

Richard,  ii.  554,  611. 

Samuel,  ii,  viii,  xiii,  369,  396,  407-415, 

427,  428,  448,  475,  496,  536,  602. 
Sarah,  ii.  536. 
Thomas,  ii.  407. 

Thomas   Greaves,  ii.  504,  535-537,  598, 
609. 
Caryl,  Elizabeth,  i.  267. 

Joseph,  i.  267. 
Caswell,  Caswal,  Caswall. 

Henry,  i.  549;  ii.  43,  Ti,  123,  587,  607. 


Catherine,  Empress,  ii.  38. 

Queen,  i.  233, 
Cayley,  Captain,  i.  265. 
Cazneau,  Edward,  ii.  594. 

Paise,  Peace,  ii.  162,  171,  239,  592. 

Chaddock,  ,  i.  117. 

Chadwick,  Christopher  Champlin,  ii.  598. 
Chalmers,  George,  i.  6,  529. 
Chamberlain,  the  Lord,  i.  400. 

Alexander,  ii.  182. 
Champernowne,  Francis,  i.  xix,  17,  iS,  29. 
Chandler,  Peleg  Whitmore,  ii.  518,  519. 

Thomas  Bradbury,  ii.  276-278. 
Chaney,  George  Leonard,  ii.  445,  578. 
Channing,  Wm.  Ellery,  i.  483  ;  ii.  403, 489, 623. 

William  Henry,  ii.  543. 
Chapman,  ,  ii.  325. 

Elizabeth  Phillips,  ii.  540. 

Henry,  ii.  473. 

Henry  Grafton,  ii.  473. 

John,  i.  260. 

Richard,  ii.  124. 
Chardon,  Mary,  ii.  154. 

Peter,  ii.  154,  591. 
Charles  L,  King  of  England,  i.  11,  14,  69,  79, 
94,  221,  273,  387,  403  ;  ii.  37,  261. 

IL,  King  of  England,  i.  26,  27,  35,  36, 
40,  55>  63,  65,  94,  116,  141,  194,  195, 
220,  224,  383  ;  ii.  143,  229,  242,  335. 

See  Stuart. 
Charloe,  Henry,  i.  117. 
Charnock,  John,  i.  94,  235  ;  ii.  50,  68. 
Chatham,  Earl  of,  ii.  198. 
Cliauncy,  Charles,  i.  210,  309,  4S2,  505,  533  ; 
ii.  125,  154,  227,  243,  252,  275-277,  279, 
286,  287,  294. 
Checkley,  Checkly,  Chickley. 

Anthony,  i.  89,  179. 

Hannah,  i.  91, 

John,  i.  xiv,  xv,  xviii,  xix,  162,  179,  240, 
266,  281,  285-288,  290,  293,  294,  296- 
298,  300-304,  311,  327-329,  333,  339, 

353,  357,  358,  3^0,  36S,  370-372,  390, 
400,  401,  413,  423,  446,  451,  459,  460, 
476,478,  479,507;  ii.  12,  188,606. 

Lydia,  i.  91. 

Rebecca,  1.  285. 

Samuel,  i.  in,  133,  136,  177-179,  2S5, 
363  ;   ii.  603,  605. 

William,  i.  91. 
Che?re,  Henry,  ii.  146. 
Cheever,  Elder,  ii.  618. 

Ezekiel,  i.  151 ;  ii.  55. 

Joshua,  ii.  617. 
Cheney,  Benjamin  Pierce,  ii.  590. 
Cheselden,  William,  ii.  368. 
Chester,  J.  W.,  i.  70. 

Joseph  Lemuel,  i.  70,  94. 
Chevalier,  Harriette,  ii.  144. 

Temple,  ii.  144. 
Cheverus,  John,  ii.  395,625. 
Cheywell,  John,  i.  260. 
Chichester,  Thomas,  i.  265. 


INDEX    OF   PROPER    NAMES. 


641 


Child,  Childe,  Childs. 

Catherine,  i.  93. 

John,  ii.  180. 

Robert,  i.  24,  26. 

Thomas,  i.  90,  117,  12S,  135,  177,  39°) 
401  >  423.  432,  434,  435,  476,  4S5,  499  ! 
ii.  604,  606. 

Childerston, ,  i.  117. 

Chillingworth,  William,  i.  306. 
Christian,  Christien. 

Mr.,i.  413,  415. 
Church,  Captain,  ii.  213. 

Benjamin,  i.  75,  246. 

Edward,  ii.  359. 
Churchill,  Lieutenant-General,  ii.  201. 

Charles,  ii.  357. 

Harriet,  ii.  201. 

J'osiah.i,  230,  233. 
Clackston,  Solomon,  i.  203. 
Claflin,  William,  i.  51S. 
Clapham,  Christopher,  i.  74. 

Elizabeth,  i.  74. 
Clapp,  Clap. 

David,  ii.  364. 

Frederick,  ii.  596. 

Thomas,  i.  314. 

William,  ii.  5S8,  608. 
Clare,  Lord,  ii.  38. 
Clarendon,  Lord,  i.  227. 
Clark,  Clarke,  Clerke. 

,  i.  50;  ii.  165. 

Captain,  i.  79. 

Justice,  i.  421. 

Alice  de  Vermandois,  ii.  590. 

Anne,  i.  92  ;  ii.  315. 

Christopher,  i.  93  ;  ii.  364. 

Edward,  ii.  598. 

Edward  Davis,  ii.  5S9. 

Elizabeth,  i.  92;  ii.  217. 

Frank  Edward,  i.  428. 

Gedney,  ii.  S3. 

Harry,  i.  8g,  110,111;  ii.  603. 

Henry,  i.  92. 

James,  i.  265;  ii.  419. 

James  Freeman,  i.  x;  ii.  395,  543,  561, 
623,625 

Jane,  i.  92. 

John,  i.  44,  45,  48,  210;  ii.  84,443,  595. 

Jonas,  ii.  364. 

Josiah,  i.  49,  50,  71 ;  ii.  602. 

Martha,  i.  48  ;  ii.  395. 

Mary,  i.  93 ;  ii.  364. 

Nathaniel,  i  92. 

Rebecca,  i.  92. 

Rebecca  Parker,  ii.  598. 

Samuel, ii.  371,  374'38i>  395,  598- 

Samuel  Clarke,  ii.  598. 

Sarah,  ii.  93,  364,  443. 

Sarah  H.  (Sarah  .Anne  ;  Sarah  Freeman), 
i.  xi;  ii.  562. 

Thomas,  i.  89,  137,  245. 
Thomas  March,  i.  492. 
William,  ii.  93,  164,  165. 

VOL.  ir.  —  41 


Clayton,  Jasper,  i.  199,  230,  234. 

William,  i.  399. 
Clement,  Thomas,  ii.  162,321-323,  325,  32S, 
329,  331,  3S I,  590,  592,  596,  608. 

Clements, ,  ii.  619. 

Clevenger,  Shobal  Vail,  ii.  405. 
Cleverly,  John,  i.  133. 

Joseph,  ii.  20. 
Clinton,  Henry  (Sir),  ii.  296. 
Clough,  Ebenezer,  ii.  617. 
Cloyne,  Bishop  of,  ii.  49. 
Cobb,  David,  ii.  528. 

Eunice,  ii.  528. 

Lois,  ii.  378. 
Cobbett,  Thomas,  ii.  35. 
Coburn,  Parker,  i.  51 8. 
Cockburn,  Captain,  i.  233. 
Cockrain,  Thomas,  ii.  239. 
Cockrom,  Rowland,  i.  230, 
Codner,  John,  i.  231,  235. 
Codrington,  General,  i.  223 
Coffin,  Coffen,  Coffine. 

Edward  Augustus,  ii.  593, 

Eleanor,  ii.  499. 

Isaac  (Sir),  i.  548. 

Joshua,  i.  253,  255,  31S,  418. 

Nathaniel,  ii.  295. 

Peter,  ii.  598. 

Thomas,  i.  211,  231. 

Thomas,  Aston  (Sir',  i.  548. 

William,  i.  269,  484,  499,  548;  ii.  296^ 
604,  607. 
Golden,  Cadwallader,  i.  372. 
Cole,  Colle. 

,  ii.  587- 

John,  i.  117. 

Mary,  i.  118. 

Samuel,  i.  118. 

Thomas,  i.  260,  359;  ii.  119. 
Coleman,  Dudley,  ii.  325,  326. 

Sec  Colman. 
Colesworthy,  Mr.,  ii.  5S6. 
Colle.     See  Cole. 
Collingwood,  ,  i.  388. 

Cuthbert,  ii.  192. 

Daniel,  i.  3S7. 

Isabella,  i.  387. 
Collins,  Captain,  ii.  2S7. 

Arthur,  ii.  129. 
Colman,  Mr.,  i.  151. 

Benjamin,  i.  92,  13S,  139,  175,  215,  256, 
262,  263,  279,  297,  298,  312,  347,  362, 
363,  368,  406,  446,  466,  467,  469,  472, 
506,  528,  533,  534;  ii.  125,368. 

Henry,  ii.  402. 

Jane,  i.  92. 

John,  ii.  368. 

Judith,  ii.  343. 

Mary,  ii.  125. 

See  Coleman. 
Colton,  John,  i.  89. 
Columbus,  Christopher,  ii.  402. 
Combrune,  ,  ii.  123. 


642 


inijj:x  of  j'K(jj'J':r  names. 


Ciniicr,  'I'lioinuK,  ii.  524. 
Coiiiptoii, ,  ii.  5X7. 

Henry,  i.   124,  131,   iC/i,    172,    195,  217, 
21S,  221,  225,  365,  368,  3X3,  3«5,  403, 
436;  il.  32,  104,231. 
Conant,  Ko'^cr,  1.  7. 
Coney,  Coiiney,  JoIin,i.  83,  8';,  93. 
Concyball,  Mr.,  i.  127, 
Coninj4iiam.     Hec  Ciiiinin^jiiam. 
Conway,  Henry  .Seymour,  i.  542. 
Conyers,  Uiciiartl,  i.  133. 
Cook,  Cooke. 

Elisiia,  i.  43,  68,  395 ;  ii.  63. 

Js:iac,  Isaack,  i.  230,  233. 

John,  i.  133,  134  ;  ii.  605. 

Mary,  ii.  63. 

Mi'iilli'tot,  ii.  54,  59,  C).\,  75. 

Sam,  i.  127, 
Cookson,  Joim,  ii.  di. 

Obadiali,  ii.  6r . 

(,'ookwii(;athy, ,  i.  230. 

Cooii'lf^c,  Algernon,  ii.  613. 

Anna  Storer,  ii.  589. 

Catiiarini!,  ii.  616. 

Corii(;liiis,  ii.  589,  592. 

Eli/.abelh,  ii.  343. 

Joliii  'J'c:m|)lcman,  ii.  590. 

Josei;li,  ii.  142,  324,  343,  370,  381,  397, 
402,  475,  564,  588,  589,  608,  609,  619. 

Josepii    Kandolpli,  1.  xi ;    ii.    588,   589, 
610,  630. 

Sidney,  ii.  555,  612. 
Cooper, ,  ii.  46,  585. 

Jacol),  ii.  345. 

Josiali,  i.  92. 

Meliitabel,  i.  92. 

Peler,  ii.  315. 

Samuel,  i.  92,  482,  533;  ii.  154,  202,  209, 

2')3>^'M,  .31',  3'8,  3'9.  357- 

Thomas,  i.  89,  137. 

William,  i.  92,  1S4,  362-364,  394,  509. 
Cootc,  Charles,  i.   141. 

I'"rancis,  i.  141. 

Mary,  i.  141. 

Naiif;iii,  i.  144. 

Ni(.liolas,  i.  141. 

Kicliard,  i.  140,  141. 

Scr  liellomoiit. 
Copeland,  ICiJJiraim,  ii.  326. 
Cojjley,  John   .Singleton,  i.    xi,    549;   ii.   76, 

«.3',  ''17,  3",  35'',  359,   537,  ^>26. 
Coram,  'J'atty,  ii,  70. 

Thomas,  i.   113,   185,  186,  355,  365;  ii. 
70,  88,  92,  103,  III,  117,  126. 
Cordis,  (Jord,  ii.  120, 
Corniniry,  Lord,  i.  174. 
C()rnels(jn,  Chris,  i.  211. 
Corney,  Corny. 

John,  i.  211,  230,  324,  334. 
Cornwall,  Captain,  i.  371,  372. 
Cornwallis,  Kdward,  ii.  51,  354. 

Frederick,  i.  504  ;   ii.  273, 


Corsetl,  Mary,  ii.  176. 
Cfjssart,  Jane,  ii.  72. 

J'ierre,  ii.  72. 
Cost.     .S'tr  Kast. 
(Jotnam,  Cajjtain,  ii.  170, 
C(,tton,  John,  i.S,  9,  22,  23,  32,  76,  3'5,447; 
ii.  20. 

Kolaiid,  ii.  210. 

.SV,'6'  Ciillon. 
Coventry,  William,  i.  194. 
Cowell,  Mrs.,  i.  232, 

Iviward,  i.  1 18. 

I'ili/.ahelh,  ii.  587. 

J.r.eph,  i.  117. 

Mai  y,  i.  117. 

William,  i.  355. 
Cox,  (Joxe. 

>  '•  335- 

Arthur  Cleveland,  ii.  353. 
ICh/.a,  1.  335. 

John,  i.  265,  549;  ii.  587,  606. 
C'radoek,  Craddotk,  Caradoijue. 
(Jatharmc,  i.  249. 
Deijorah,  i.  249. 
I'Jizabeth,  i.  249. 
George,  i.  xix,    178,  249,  250,  269,  316, 

3'7,  337,  352,  35«,  3^>°,  3''V,  37°,  373, 
390,  400-402,  419,  459,  462,  463,  465, 

4'J^  4W,  532,  53«;  "•  '2,  '5,  ""',  '«. 
19,  33,  ¥',  54,  55, ''2,  73,  74,  «7,  ««, 
119,  122,  123.  173,  186,  239,  316,  586, 
588,  603,  604,  606. 
Mrs.,  i.  265. 
Mary,  i.  249. 
Matthew,  i.  249. 
Sarah,  i.  249. 
(Jrallord,Cralord. 

Mungo,  i.  117,  121. 
Craigie,  Cragie. 

,  ii-  47- 

(,'aptain,  ii.  104. 
Cianheld,  ICdward,  i.  18,  37,  39,  48,  54,  65. 
Cranston,  Samuel,  i.  156. 
Crashaw,  kichard,  i.  15. 
Craven,  Marie,  i.  74. 

William,  i.  74. 

See  Andros. 
Creese,  Crease,  Creess. 

Ann,  Anne,  i.  366,  367;  ii.  421. 

Margaret,  ii.  421,  422. 

Sarah,  ii.  421,  423. 

Th(,mas,  i.  211,  231,  235,  240,  242,  352, 
360,  366,  367,  390;  ii.  421,  605,  606. 
CricI),  Anne,  ii.  273. 

John,  ii.  273. 
Crispi;,  i'ilizabeth,  i.  74. 

Richard,  i.  89. 

Sarah,  i.  93. 
Cn,ft,  (Jroftc,  Crofts. 

Captain,  i.  173. 

Arthur,  ii.  595. 

Caroline  Abigail,  ii.  595, 


INDEX    OF    PROPER    xNAiMKS. 


643 


Cromwell,  Henry,  ii.  316. 

Oliver,  i.  64,  84,   194,  305,  515;  ii,  122, 
2O6. 
Crook,  Edward,  i.  89. 
Crosby,  Colonel,  ii.  51. 

Cross, ,  i.  115. 

Croswell,  Crosswel,  Crosswell. 

Andrew,  i.  475,   508;   ii.  112,   113,  115, 

15,3- 

William,  i.  325. 
Crowleys,  Messrs.  ii.  124. 
Crown,  William,  i.  183. 
Crowninsliield,  Benjamin  William,  ii.  597. 

Katharine  May,  ii.  597. 

Criimst<;ck,  ,  ii.  587. 

Cullick,  Elizabeth,  i.  117, 

John,  i.  117. 
Culpepper,  Lord,  i.  171. 
Cumberland,  Duke  of,  ii.  38,  180. 
Cumniings,  Camming. 

Ame,  ii.  322,  325,  328. 

Anne,  ii.  313,  592. 

Archibald,  i.  245. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  313,  322,  325,  328,  592. 
Cunnabel,  Cunnabell. 

John,  i.  116. 
Cunningham,  Coningham. 

,  i.  109,  H9,  265. 

Andrew,  ii.593. 

Caleb  Loring,  Mrs.,  ii.  287, 

James,  ii.  102. 
Curtis.  Anna  Wroe,  ii.  537. 

Benjamin,  ii.  543. 

Benjamin  Kobbins,  ii.  440,  463,  543-545, 
593,  609. 

Caleb,  ii.  595,  609. 

Caleb  Agry,  ii.  598,  613. 

Charles  Felham,  ii.  viji,  434,  440,  490,  504, 
537-539,  5''H,  591,  601,  604,  609,  610, 
630. 

George  Ticknor,  ii.  593. 

Greely  Stevenson,  ii.  592,  610,  613,  630. 

Helen  Read,  ii.  592,  595. 

Helena,  ii.  537, 

Henry,  ii.  599. 

Herbert  Pelham,  ii.  613. 

James,  ii.  601. 

James  Freeman,  ii.  592,  O13. 

Lois,  ii.  543. 

Margarett  .Stevenson,  ii.  537,  591. 

Martha,  ii.  395. 

Thomas,  ii.  322,  329,  537,  592. 

Thomas  Buckminster,  ii.  592,  598,  609. 
Curwen,  George,  i.  178. 

.Samuel,  ii.  308,  372. 

Susanna,  i.  178. 
Cushing,  Caleb,  ii.  528,  541,  544. 

Caroline,  ii.  528. 

John,  ii.  97. 

John  Perkins,  ii.  362. 

Lxjuisa,  ii.  362. 

Thomas,  ii.  300,  301,  600. 

William,  ii,  454. 


Custis,  John  Parke,    Mrs.  {nee  Calvert),  ii. 
297. 
Martha,  i.  261. 
Cuthljert,  Rev.  Mr.,  i,  319. 
Cutler,  Cuttler. 

Benjamin  Clark,  i,  259, 
Joanna,  i.  397;  ii.  121. 
John,  i.  117,  118,  203,  235,  265,  272,  286, 
312,  320,  396,  397;   ii.  118,  225,  239, 
5S6,  603,  606, 
Manasseh,  ii,  216. 
Martha,  i,  118. 
Robert,  i.  118, 
Samuel,  i.  482;  ii.  24. 
Timothy,  i.  xiv,  118,  171,  181,  228,  287, 
306,  307,  3-39-317,  3'9-33',  333,  335, 
337-344,  345-352,  354,  357,  3''M-3''A 
■h(y\  37',  372,  374,  375,  377,  378,  386, 
392,  395,  39^,  399,  4'3,  4'^  425,  42O, 
447,  453,  454,  45''^  457,  4'''7,  472,  474, 
482,  484,  506,  509,  528,  529,  549 ;  ii,  2, 
4,  23,  178,  180-183,  231,235,  236,  243, 
246,  264. 
Cutton,  John,  i.  203. 
Cutts,  Bridget,  i,  117. 

Richard,  i.  117. 
Czar,  The  (Alexander),  ii.  403. 


D. 


'ABNItY,  Clara  Bigelow,  ii.  591, 
IJaille,  Pierre,  i.  175. 
Dalcho,  Frederick,  i.  525. 
Dale,  Eben,  ii.  610. 
Dalton,  Caroline  Mary,  ii.  590. 

Charles  Henry,  ii.  590,  597,  6ro. 

Henry  Rogers,  ii.  613, 

James,  ii.  162,   171,  322,  326,  328,  331, 
590,  593,  594,  597,  599,  609. 

John  Call,  ii.  443. 

Peter   Roe,  ii.  323,  327,  329,   594,   597, 
608. 

Richard,  ii.  68, 

Samuel  Fales,  ii,  618, 

Susan  Maria,  ii,  590, 
Damon,  Susan  Collamore,  ii.  566, 

Zachary,  i.  340 ;  ii.  23, 
Damson  (negro),  i.  523. 
Dana,  Richard  Henry,  ii.  437. 
Danforth,  Elizabeth,  i.  105. 

John,  i.  105,  189,  299. 

Samuel,  i.  98. 

Thomas,  i.  48,  68,  81,  86,  105,  1S4,  299, 
Daniel,  Bridget,  i,  117, 

Thomas,  i,  117. 
Daniels,  John  H.,  ii.  xxiii. 
Dansy,  Dansey,  I.)anzy. 

Ann,  i.  126,  128,  129,  366, 

Joseph,  i.  128,  129,  366. 
D'Anville,  Admiral  Nicolas  de  la  Rochefou- 
cauld, Due,  ii.  131. 
Dartmouth,  Lord,  i.  254;  ii.  230, 
Dathan,  ii.  304, 


644 


INDEX    OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


Davenport,  Devinport. 

Addington,  i.  xv,  xviii,  xix,  137,  186, 
248,  395.  422,  435-438,  468,  472,  47S, 
4S0-482,  4S6-495,  497,  50S,  523,  525, 
530,  533,  534;  ii-  24,  125,  339,  602. 

Ann,  i.  481,  523. 

Anne,  ii._339. 

Eleazer,  i.  4S0. 

Elizabetn,  i.  480,  4S1. 

James,  i.  387,  508. 

Jane,  i.  481. 

John,  i.  10,  23,  65,  312. 

Rebecca,  i.  4S0. 
Davies,  Samuel,  ii.  211. 
Davis,  Mr.,  i.  1S8,  265;  ii.  154,  5S5. 

Mrs.,  i.  265. 

Ann,  ii.  46. 

Antliony,  ii.  119,  591. 

Benjamin,  i.  69,  76,  89,  137,  232. 

Charles  Henry,  ii.  364. 

Daniel,  ii.  423,  431,  434,  472,  600,  60S. 

Edward,  ii.  47,  175,  176. 

James,  ii.  597. 

John,  ii.  402. 

Joshua,  ii.  325. 

Louisa,  ii.  364. 

Ruth,  ii.  47. 

Sarah,  ii.  154. 

William,  i.  91. 
Davison,  Captain,  i.  199,  230,  233. 

Elias  Elwell,  ii.  592. 
Dawes,  Thomas,  ii.  400. 
Dawlings,  Benjamin,  i.  265. 
De  Carteret,  Frances,  ii.  362,  363. 
De  Chezeau,  Adam,  ii.  296. 
De  Clifford,  Lord,  i.  322. 
De  Conflans,  Marquis,  ii.  67. 
De  Costa,  Decoster,  De  Coster. 

Benjamin  Franklin,  i.  2. 

Temple,  ii.  166,  167,  600. 
De  Etingdon,  Sewallus,  ii.  129. 

De  Guerden,  ,  ii.  46. 

De  Jonquiere,  Admiral,  ii.  50. 
De  Laune,  Thomas,  i.  403. 
De  Normandie,  James,  i.  17. 
De  Peyster,  Frederic,  i.  142. 
De  Sevign6,  Marie  de  Rabutin-Chantal,  Mar- 
quise, ii.  534. 
Deacon,  John,  i.  549;  ii.  119,  587. 
Dean,  John  Ward,  i.  x ;  ii.  viii. 

Paul,  ii.  540. 
Deane,  Captain,  i.  115. 

Charles,  i.  x,  7  ;  ii.  217. 

Samuel,  i.  24,  340. 
Dearborn,  Henry,  i.  248. 

Henry  Alexander  Scammell,  i.  248. 
Deblois,  Dublois. 

Ann,  ii.  239. 

Betsey,  ii.  344. 

Francis,  ii.  363. 

Gilbert,ii.  119, 123, 153,  161,  168, 170, 171, 
191,  223,  295,  312,  321,  322,  324,  327, 
328,  387,  391,  590,  595,  595,  604,  607. 


Deblois,  Dublois  [coitiimied). 
John  Brown,  ii.  551. 
Lewis,  ii.  119,  123,   153,  161,   170,  295, 

314,  322,  326,  32S,  3S7,  390,  595,   596. 

608,  619. 
Margaretta,  ii.  363. 
Stephen,  i.  421,  524;  ii.   102,   170,  224, 

239- 

Stephen  Grant,  i.  486. 

William,  ii.  321,  324,  329,  589,  608. 
Deering,  Elizabeth,  ii.  159. 

Henry,  ii.  159. 
Dehon,  Dehone. 

Theodore,  ii.  162,  322,  323,  325,  328,  331, 
3S1,  3S7,  390,  592,  608. 
Dellius,  Godfrey,  i.  143. 
Demesmaker,  John,  i.  397. 
Demilde,  Mary,  i.  429. 
Dench,  Annie,  i.  183. 

Roger,  i.  183. 
Dennie,  Albert,  ii.  120. 
Denny,  Henry  Gardner,  ii.  595. 
Denoon,  Dr.,  i.  230. 
Derby,  Eleanor,  ii.  499. 

Elias  Hasket,  ii.  592. 

George,  ii.  524,  613, 

John,  ii.  499. 

Mary  Jane,  ii.  499. 

Richard,  ii.  599. 

Richard  Crowninshield,  ii.  609. 
Derham,  John,  ii.  87,  89. 
Derry,  Dean  of,  ii.  49. 

Desire  (.''  Disney,  which  See),  Colonel,  i,  199. 
Desney.     See  Disney. 
Devens,  Charles,  ii.  530. 

Samuel  Adams,  ii.  253. 
Devin,  John,  i.  lyy. 
Devinport.     See  Davenport. 
Devlin,  John  Edward,  ii.  594. 
Dewar,  Captain,  ii.  170. 
Dewey,  Charles  Augustus,  ii.  441. 

Orville,  ii.  xi. 
Dexter, ,  ii.  588. 

Aaron,   ii.  322,  329,  338,  4S0,  591,  60S, 
622. 

Franklin,  ii.  463,  596. 

Franklin  Bowditch,  i.  9,  15;  ii.  3,  346. 

Henry  Martyn,  i.  x,  3,  20,  23,  26,  27. 

Rebecca,  ii.  4S0. 

Richard,  ii.  4S0. 

Samuel,  ii.  300,  423,  480. 

Samuel  Parkman,  ii.  591. 

William  Sohier,  ii.  590,  591. 
Dicke,  Roland,  i.  211. 
Dickens,  Charles,  ii.  70. 
Dickinson,  Dickason,  Dickenson. 

,  ii.  So. 

Jonathan,  i.  299,  303,  305,  473-475- 

Moses,  i.  475. 

Thomas,  ii.  596. 
Dickman,  William,  ii.  327,  596. 
Diman,  Jeremiah  Lewis,  i.  4^9,  469. 
Dinwiddle,  Robert,  ii.  134. 


INDEX    OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


645 


Dipper,  Thomas,  ii.  173,  174,  1S5,  1S6. 
Disney,  Desney. 

Ii.  (Col.),  i.  230,  234. 

See  Desire. 
Dix,  Dorothea  Lynde,  ii.  567. 
Dixwell,  John  James,  ii.  589,  593,  609, 
Doane,  George  Washington,  i.  492 ;  ii.  456, 

457- 

Isaiah,  ii.  321,  324,  329,  5S9,  591,  619. 

Samuel  Brown,  ii.  595,  598. 
Dobbins,  Andrew,  i.  136. 
Dobell,  John,  ii.  592. 
Dodd,   Dod. 

Joanna,  i.  397. 

John,  ii.  368. 
Doddridge,  Philip,  ii.  372. 
Dodwell,  Henry,  i.  21S. 

Dolbear,  ,  i.  133. 

Dolbury,  Andrew,  i.  89. 

Elizabeth,  i.  90. 
Dole,  John,  i.  89. 
Doliber,  Joseph,  i.  260. 
Donnison,  Catherine  Lippit,  ii.  589. 

William,  ii.  326,  327,  589,  595. 
Dordant,  Durdent. 

Ralph,  i.  89,  93. 
Dorr,  Julia  Caroline  Ripley,  ii.  62S. 
Doubt,  Isaac,  i.  549;  ii.  120,  587. 
Douglass,  William,  i.  372. 
Down,  Samuel,  ii.  185. 
Downing,  George,  i.  64. 
Dowrich,  William,  i.  230. 
Dowse,  Jonathan,  i.  291. 

Joseph,  i.  250,  484,489,  536;  ii.  109,  no, 
1 1 5,  123,  125,  184. 
Drake,    Francis   Samuel,   ii.    168,   172,    302, 

530- 
Samuel    Adams,   i.  xi,    179,     iSi,    4S5; 

ii.  129,  145,  303. 
Samuel  Gardner,!.  24,  86. 
Draper,  Richard,  ii.  226. 
Drown,  Drowne. 

Shem,  i.  380  ;  ii.  36. 
Druit,  Eleanor,  ii.  324. 
Drury,  John,  ii.  326. 
Dublin,  Archbishop  of,  i.  525. 
Dublois.     Sec  Deblois. 
Dudley,  Abigail,  i.  185. 
Ann,  i.  270. 
Dorothy,  ii.  297. 

Joseph,  i.  xiv,  xvii,  xix,  34,  41,    43,  48, 
50.  51.  57,  65,  67,  70,  72,  75,  84.  90, 
91,  106,  147-153,    155,   157,   159-161, 
163,  165,  167,  169,  171,  173-179,  181, 
183,  185-191,215,  224,  225,  230,  238- 
240,  247,  255,  258,  310,  420,  446,  448, 
550;  ii.  216,  242,  288,  562,  605. 
Paul,  Paule,  i.  168,  310;  ii.  90,  94. 
Rebecca,  ii.  562. 
Thomas,  i.  51,  90,  185. 
Dugdale,  \Villiam,  i.  125. 
Dukett,  Valentine,  ii.  284. 


Dumaresq,  Dumaresque,  Damaresq. 

,  "•  359- 

Abigail,  ii.  363. 
Anne,  ii.  363. 
Douce,  ii.  363. 
Edward,  ii.  338,  363. 
Elias,  ii.  147,  362,  363. 
Elizabeth,  ii.  363. 
Florence  Saumerez,  ii.  363. 
Frances,  ii.  362,  363. 
Francis,  ii.  363. 
Hannah,  ii.  363. 
Herbert,  ii.  363. 
James,  ii.  363. 
James  Saumerez,  ii.  363. 
Jane  Frances,  ii.  363. 
Louisa,  ii.  363. 
Margaretta,  ii.  363. 
Mary,  ii.  338,  363. 

Philip,  i.  484;  ii.  147,  295,  311,  362,363. 
Philip  Kerney,  ii.  363. 
Rebecca,  ii.  147,  363. 
Sarah,  ii.  363. 
Sophia,  ii.  363. 
Susan,  ii.  363. 
Susannah,  ii.  363. 
Thomas,  ii.  363. 
Dummer,  Dumer. 
Anne,  ii.  154. 

Jeremiah,  i.  186,  18S;  ii.  154. 
Thomas,  i.  399. 
William,  i.  265,  268,  287,  291,  292,  342- 

344,  349, 375, 395>  4i9,  447  iji- 154,  562. 
Dunbar,  David,  i.  398,  434,  529;  ii.  135. 

Patrick,  ii.  212. 

Samuel,  i.  259. 
Dunkin,  Benjamin  Faneuil,  ii.  537. 
Dunklin,  Thomas,  i.  211. 
Dunlap,  Lucy  Anne  Charlotte  Augusta,  ii.  589. 
Dunmore,  Lord,  ii.  311,  363. 
Dunton,  John,  i.  43,  46-4S,  65,  67,  90,  91,  93, 

113,  "4- 

Dupee,  Sally,  i.  518. 
Durdent.     See  Dordant. 
Durfee, ,  i.  248, 

Abigail,  i.  248. 

Mary,  i,  248. 
Dutton,  Warren,  ii.  593. 
Du  Vassal, ,  ii.  46. 

See  Vassall. 
Duverge,  Martin  Saizi,  ii.  239. 
Dwight,  Ann,  ii.  600. 

Edmund,  ii.  598,  609,  610. 

Josiah,  i.  341. 

Timothy,  ii.  247. 
Dyer,  Elizabeth,  i.  91. 

Giles,  i.  xix,  89,  91,  93,  iti,  112,  117, 
120,  122,  123,  127,  133,  134,  159,  177, 
201,  202,  239,  242,  261,  311,  394; 
ii.  603,  605, 

Harknah,  i.  91. 
Dyke,  Rowland,  i.  240. 


646 


INDEX   OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


JILaGER,  Thomas,  i.  256-258. 
Eastburn,  John  Henry,  ii.  539,  598. 

Manton,  i.  253,  492. 
Eastwick,  Eastwicke. 

Grizel,  ii.  142. 

Grizelda,  ii.  142. 

John,  i.  177,  35S,    360,    370,   400,    424, 
432,  435)  549;  ii-  12,  142,  58^  603, 
606. 
Eaton,  Asa,  i.  325  ;  ii.  42S,  429. 

James,  ii.  599. 
Eayres,  Eayers. 

Joseph,  ii.  322-324,  326,  328,  329,  331, 
381,  596. 
Eckley,  Joseph,  ii.  173,  320,  ;i^2,  334,  373, 

394,  403. 
Eddy,  Eddie,  Eddye. 

Amy,  ii.  154. 

Annie  Goddard,  ii.  592. 

Joanna,  ii.  154. 

John,  ii.  154. 

Mary,  ii.  154. 

Pilgrim,  ii.  154. 

Robert  Henry,  ii.  592. 

Ruth,  ii.  154. 

Sara,  ii.  154. 

Wilham,  ii.  154. 
Edes,  Benjamin,  ii.  154. 

Edward,  ii.  595. 

Henry  Herbert,  i.  x,  98;  ii.  xv,  454,  459, 
490. 

Peter,  ii.  319,  381. 
Edes  &  Gill,  ii.  154. 
Edward   VI.,   King   of  England,  i.  305 ;  ii. 

26S. 
Edwards,  Abraham,  ii.  322,  329,  592. 

Jonathan,  i.  1S7,  299,  322,  471. 

Richard,  ii.  591. 
Eells,  Nathaniel,  i.  305. 
Eleutherius,  i.  305,  306. 
Eliot,    Andrew,   i.   470,  472,    533 ;    ii.   219, 
274,  2S8,  289,  291-294,  306,  319,  617, 
618. 

Mrs.,  ii.  292. 

Asaph,  ii.  161. 

Charles  William,  ii.  499,  563,  577,  629. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  161. 

Ellen  Derby,  ii.  499. 

Ephraim,  i.  193;  ii.  368,  481,  618. 

Frances  Anne,  ii.  576. 

Jacob,  i.  69,  71,  134. 

John,  i.   185,  407,  549  ;  ii.  131,  151,  156, 
206,  252,  343. 

John  Fleet,  ii.  618. 

Mary,  ii.  597. 

Samuel,  i.  505  ;  ii.  292. 

Samuel  Atkins,  ii.  462,  507,    523,   524, 
553,  564,  576,  596-598,  604,  609. 

William  Greenleaf,  ii.  469,  567. 
Elizabeth,  Queen  of  England,  i,  141, 267,  332; 
ii.  1 88. 


Ellis,  Arthur  Blake,  i.  32. 

Edward,  ii.  120,  121, 

George  Edward,  i.  x,  14,  22,  37,  79,  149, 
193,  219,  224;  ii.  216,  256,  258,  260, 
445,  446,  459,  490,  621. 

James,  i.  454. 

Mathew,  i.  465-467. 

Rufus,  i.  9,  19,  32  ;  ii.  510. 
Elson,  Tamazin,  i.  94. 
Elton,    Margaret   Ann,   i.   x ;    ii.    147,   356, 

359- 
Ely,  Dean  of,  i.  331. 

Elizabeth,  i.  117. 

Richard,  i.  117. 

William,  i.  117. 
Emerson,  George  Barrell,  ii.  482,  487,  493, 
496,  510,  541-543,  548,  564,  598,604, 
609. 

William,  i.  32,  65. 

Ernes, ,  ii.  324. 

Emmons,  Elizabeth  Wales,  ii.  591. 

Nathaniel,  ii.  591. 

Nathaniel  Henry,  ii.  591,  610. 

Robert  Wales,  ii.  591. 

Samuel  Franklin,  ii.  591. 
Emott,  George,  i.  211. 
Endicott,  Indecott. 

John,  i.  xix,  7,  27,  50,  122,  128-133,  140, 
^77i  178,  521 ;  ii.  67,  78,  102,  124, 1S4, 
603,  605. 

William,  Jr.,  ii.  xxiii,  59S,  610. 
English,  Mrs.,  ii.  586. 

Widow,  i.  269. 

Philip,  i.  449. 
Enston,  Enstone,  Instone. 

Edward,  i.  211-214,  227,  266,  269. 
Epps,  Eppes. 

Abigail,  ii.  147. 

William,  ii.  120. 
Erving,  ,  ii.  159. 

Colonel,  ii.  2S3.  [608. 

George,  ii.  295,  314,  322,  326,  328,  595, 

George  William,  ii.  314. 

John,  ii.  129,  160,  170,  210,  226,  5S8. 

Maria,  ii.  129. 

Maria  Catharina,  ii.  160. 
Etingdon,  Sewallus  de,  ii.  129. 
Eusebius,  i.  306. 
Eustice,  Mr.,  ii.  123,  183. 
Eustis,  William,  ii.  164,  312,  338. 
Evans,  Widow,  i.  iii. 

Grace,  ii.  598. 

Morgan,  ii.  587. 
Evarts,  William  Maxwell,  ii.  544. 
Evelyn,  John,  i.  40. 
Everard,  Jonathan,  i.  136,  144. 

Judith,  ii.  531. 
Everett,  Edward,  ii.  367,  536,  537,  541,  623. 

William,  ii.  563. 
Everton,  Sarah,  i.  235, 

William,  i.  231,  235. 
Ewer,  Charles,  ii.  594. 


INDEX   OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


647 


Exeter,  Bishop  of,  i.  478. 
Eyre,  Deborah,  i.  1S3. 

Thomas,  i.  183. 
Eyres,  Thomas,  i.  117. 


r' AIRFIELD,  William,  ii.  iii. 
Fales,  Haliburton,  ii.  5S9. 

Samuel,  ii.  434,  5S9,  609. 

Stephen,  ii.  322,  326,  329,  595. 

Susan  Maria,  ii.  5S9. 
Faneuil,  Fanneuil,  Fanuil,  Funill. 

.  i-244,  54S;  ii.  153)  29S. 

Andrew,  i.  1S6,  19S;  ii.  72. 

Ann,  i.  4S1,  523. 

Anne,  ii.  72,  339. 

Benjamin,  i.  4S1,  4S4,  492;  ii.  72,  72>  87, 
90.  94,  97,  9S,  123,  125. 

Jane,  ii.  72. 

John,  ii,  72. 

Mary,  ii.  72. 

Mary  Ann,  ii.  338. 

Peter,  i.  492,  523,  547  ;  ii.  42  43,  45,  72, 
73,  87,  88,  90,  94,  125,  338,  562,  5S6, 
606. 

Susanna,  ii.  72. 

Susannah,  ii.  338,  339. 
Fareweather.     See  Fayerweather, 
Farley,  Ebenezer,  ii.  597. 
Farmer,  John,  ii.  252. 
Farnham,  Farnum. 

David,  ii.  618. 

Elizabeth  Carwithy,  i.  93. 

John,  i.  93.^ 
Farr,  Thomas,  ii.  170,  171. 
Farragut,  David  Glascoe,  ii.  612. 
Farrar,  John,  ii.  541. 

Farrington,  ,  ii.  592. 

Farwell,  George,  i.  72,  79. 

Sarah,  ii.  363. 

Susan  Walker,  ii.  590. 
Faulkner,  Everard,  ii.  201. 

Harriet,  ii.  201. 
Favvkes,  Guy,  i.  iii. 
Fay,  Mr.,  ii.  401. 

Joseph  Story,  ii.  593. 

Rebecca  Rodman,  ii.  593. 
Fayervjreather,  Fareweather. 

John,  i.  93;  ii.  58. 

Samuel,  ii.  238,  240. 

Thomas,  i.  89  ;  ii.  238. 
Featherstone,  George,  i.  549;  ii.  120,  5S7. 
Felhan,  Arabella,  ii.  76. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  76. 
Fellowes,  Nathaniel,  ii.  597. 
Felt,  Joseph  Barlow,  i.  22, 146,  211 ;  ii.  25,  35, 

294. 
Fenaly,  Peter,  i.  260. 
Feniio,  William,  ii.  595. 
Fenwick,  Elizabeth,  i.  117.  \ 

George,  i.  T17. 
Ferrers, ,  ii.  129. 


Ferry,  Henry,  ii.  363. 

Susannah,  ii.  363. 

Fessenden, ,  i.  37. 

Feurt,  Peter,  i.  392. 
Feveryear,  Grafton,  ii.  61. 
Fick,  David,  ii.  170,  596. 
Field,  Thomas,  i.  117. 
Fielding,  Henry,  ii.  2. 
Fillebrown,  Thomas,  ii.  61. 
Fillmore,  Millard,  ii.  517,  543. 
Finney,  Mr.,  ii.  285. 
Fisher, ,  i.  265;  ii.  585. 

Nathanael,  ii.  352,  373,  374,  377,  393. 
Fitch,  Samuel,   ii.   162,  314,   322,    326,   328, 

595- 

Thomas,  i.  248,  266,  291. 

Tim.,  ii.  170. 
Fitzherbert,  Elizabeth,  i.  74. 

Fitz-James, ,  ii.  38. 

Flagg,  Flag. 

Mrs.,  i.  476. 

Augustus,  ii.  591,  610. 

Gershom,  ii.  225. 

James,  ii.  225. 

Josiah,  ii.  443. 
Fleet,  John,  ii.  182,  225,  241. 

Thomas,  i.  286,  303,  403,   505  ;  ii.   102, 
182,  225,  241. 
Fletcher,  Benjamin,  i.  120,  142,  143,  470. 

Robert,  ii.  600. 

William,  i.  542. 
Flint,  Flynt. 

Henry,  i.  106,  1S8. 

John,  ii.  594. 

Waldo,  ii.  443. 
Flucker,  Lucy,  ii.  302. 

Thomas,  ii.  300-302. 
Fludyers,  Messrs.  ii.  124. 
Flynt.     See  Flint. 
Fones,  Captain,  i.  491. 

Jeremiah,  ii.  99. 
Foote,  Arthur,  ii.  566. 

Caleb,  ii.  547,  569,  571. 

Dorothea,  ii.  577. 

Frances  Anne,  ii.  576. 

Frances  Eliot,  ii.  577. 

Henry  Wilder,  i.  iii,  iv ;  ii.  iv-vii,  ix-xv, 
241,  247,  274,  289,  291,  321,  378,  459, 
513,  5'9,  522,  524,  542,  547-553,  555- 
561,  565-567,  569-57S,  5S0.  582,  602, 
611,628. 

Mary,  ii.  577,  62S. 

Mary  Wilder,  ii.  547,  569. 

Pasco,  ii.  569. 
Forbes,  Forbis,  Forbus. 

Captain,  i.  199,  230,  233. 

Dorothy,  ii.  323,  3S7,  390. 

James,  i.  549;  ii.  33,  54,  112,  115,  118, 
121,  123,  170,  1S4,  239,  585,  591,  604, 
607. 

Robert  Rennet,  ii.  510,  593,  609. 

Sarah,  ii.  121,  239. 
Force,  Peter,  i.  174. 


648 


INDEX   OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


Forrett,  James,  ii.  252. 

Foster, ,  i.  134. 

Edward,  ii.  296. 
Grace,  ii.  143. 
Henry,  i.  265. 
John,  i.  260. 
Mary,  ii.  143. 
Rebecca,  i.  93. 
Sarah,  ii.  217. 
William,  ii.  595, 
Fowle,  Fowles. 

Daniel,  i.  505;  ii.  Si,  82. 
William,  ii.  296. 
Fowler,  Robert,  i.  211. 

Robert  Ludlow,  ii.  201 
Fox,  Captain,  i.  117,  121. 
Elizabeth,  ii.  47. 
Henry,  ii.  13S,  139. 
Henry  Richard,  ii.  47. 
Mary,  ii.  75. 

Thomas  Bayley,  ii.  509,  510. 
Foxcroft,  Ffoxcroft,  Foxcraft. 

,  i.  69,  7cS. 

Daniel,  i.  105. 
Elizabeth,  i.  105,  170,  299. 
Francis,  i.  xvii,  xix,  47,  86,  8g,  90,  102, 
104-106,  no,  112,   114,  117-119,  121, 
127,  i3o>  134.  144.  158,  159,  164,  165, 
170,  186,  193,  239,  299,  357;  ii.  603, 
605. 
Thomas,  i.  105,  299,  304,  306,  t,o7,  311, 
3^3,  5°S ;  "•  20,  243. 
Foy,  Foye. 

,  i.  132. 

Dorothy,  i.  93. 
Elizabeth,  i.  93. 
John,  i.  89,  122. 
Frankland,  Agnes,  (Lady),  i.  515,  516,  518; 
"•  316,321,  324. 
Charles  Henry,  Harry,  Henry  (Sir),  i.  496, 
516-518,  531;  ii.  33,  42-45,  51,  53,  54, 
63,  64,  68,  71,  "^j,  83,  85.  86,  92,  no, 
118,  129,  153,  155,  156,  164,  165,  168, 
170,  321,  585,  590,607. 
Frederick,  ii.  85. 
Thomas,  ii.  53,  yj. 
Franklin,  Francklin,  Francklyn,  Franklyn. 
Benjamin,  i.   3S0,  503;  ii.  69,  140,  217, 

303.311,  312,  367,  394. 
Henry,  i.   117,  177,  201,  202,  211,  240, 
265,  266,  324,  T,2,-j,  549;  ii.  5S6,  603, 
605-607. 
J.,  i.  265. 
Margaret,  i.  117. 
Frary,  Frairy,  Ffraery. 

Theophilus,  i.  69,  71,  77-79. 
Eraser,  Fraizer,  Frazier. 

,  ii.  529. 

Mrs.,  ii.    324. 

Alexander  Campbell,  i.  383. 
Andrew,  ii.  5S7. 
Frederick,  Prince  of  Wales.     See  Wales. 


Freeman,  Ann,  ii.  122. 

Constant,  ii.  37S,  595,  608. 
Isaac,  ii.  120,  122. 

James,  i.  viii,  xi,  xviii;  ii.  vii-ix,  8,  46, 
239,  312,  316,  323,  324,  329,  336-340, 
342,  343,  364-  369;  370,  373-381,  3S3- 
390,  393-398,  402-409,  413,  415,  422- 
433,  443,  444,  446-450,  453,  458,  47', 
474,  475,  479,  487,  496,  497,  538,  54.S, 
561,  562,  564,  575,  5S8,  596.  602,  620, 
621,  623. 
Lois,  ii.  378. 
Martha,  ii.  395. 
Nehemiah,  ii.  595. 
French,  Catharine,  ii.  325. 

William,  ii.  120. 
Frizell,  John,  ii.  617. 
Frobisher,  Benjamin  Cabot,  ii.  431. 
Frogley,  Mr.,  i.  204. 

Frontenac,  Louis  de  Buade,  Count,  i.  139. 
Frothingham,    Nathaniel   Langdon,    ii,   452, 
460-462,  491,  536,  537. 
Octavius  Brooks,  li.  517. 
Richard,  ii.  319. 
Frye,  Joseph,  ii.  319. 
Fuller,  Arthur  Buckminster,  ii.  617,  618, 
Francis,  i.  429. 


G. 


AGE,  Baron,  ii.  283. 

Baron  of  Thirle,  ii.  282. 

Viscount,  ii.  283. 

Henry,  ii.  283. 

John,  ii.  282,  283,  598. 

Margaret,  ii.  282. 

Susannah  Maria,  ii.  283. 

Thomas,  ii.  121,  228,  238,  240.  282- 
297,  302,  304,  311-313,316,  363. 

William  Hall,  ii.  282. 
Gale,  Ruth,  ii.  46. 
Galen,  Claudius,  ii.  148. 
Gallagher.     ^eGulIagher. 
Gallop,  John,  i.  iiS. 

Mary,  i.  118. 
Gannett,  Ezra  Stiles,  i.  4S3;  ii.  462,  500. 
Gardiner,  Abigail,  ii.  147. 

Ann,  i.  523;  ii.  175,358- 

Anna,  ii.  147. 

Annie,  ii.  147. 

Benoni,  ii.  147.  , 

Caroline,  ii.  362. 

Catherine,  ii.   147. 

Charles,  ii.  362. 

Charles  Perkins,  ii.  viii,  359. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  362. 

Emma  Jane,  ii.  147. 

Hannah,  ii.  147,  148,359. 

James,  ii.  147.  [5S9, 

John,  ii.  viii,  2,7,  i47,_ 357-361;  3S1, 

John  Sylvester  John,  i.  492  ;  ii.  357- 
362,  428. 


397 
360, 


INDEX    OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


649 


Gardiner  {contitiued). 

Joseph,  ii.  147,  353,  369. 

Louisa,  ii.  362. 

Lydia,  ii.  147. 

Margaret,  ii.  35S,  359. 

Mary,  ii.  362. 

Rebecca,  ii.  147,  363. 

Robert  Hallowell,  i.  xi;  ii.  147,  33S,  357, 

359- 
Silvester,  Sylvester,  i.  xi,  47S,  499,  523, 
547;  ii.  19,  30,  33,  37,  44-46,  54,  55, 
62,  66,  75,  78,  87,  88,  112,  1 18-120, 
122-124,  147-150,  169-171,  173,  177, 
184-1S6,  191,  223-225,  295,  311,  312, 
321,  324,  328,  347,  353-357,  359-361, 
363,  427,  586,  589,  590,604,  607,  619. 
Thomas,  ii.  147. 

William,  ii.  147,  148,353,  358,362. 
William  Howard,  ii.  357,  362,  431. 
See  Gardner. 
Gardner.  George,  ii.  516,  595,  604,  609. 

James,  i.  442;  ii.  162,  322,  325,  328,  331, 

592. 
John  Lowell,  ii.  496,  590,  604,  609,  616. 
Samuel,  ii.  617. 
See  Gardiner. 
Garland,  Mrs.,  i.  117. 
Gates,  Horatio,  Mrs.,  ii.  297. 
Gawthorne,  Jona,  i.  213. 
Gay,  Frederick  Lewis,  ii.  332. 

Martin,  ii.  294-296. 
Gedney,  Bartholomew,  i.  75. 
Gee,  Joshua,  i.  363. 
Geffries,  Betty,  i.  50. 
David,  i.  50. 
See  Jeffries. 
Gent,  Thomas,  ii.  75. 
George,  Georg. 

John,  i.  52,64,85,89,93,  137. 
Lydia,  i.  91. 
George  I.,  King  of  England,  i.  xiv,  22S,  233, 
234,  236,  237,  271,  282,  283,  286,  292, 
298,   302,    328,    343,  349,    401,    444; 
ii.  245. 
IL,  King  of  England,   i.    xiv,  350,  351, 

35S,  369,  399,  401,  498,  531-  550;   "•  86, 
163,  165,  195,  206,  208-211,  616. 
in..  King  of  England,  i.  xviii,   88,  104, 
122;  ii.    20S,   209,211,   214,  230,  266, 
303,  310,  372,  442,  616. 
Prince  of  Denmark,  ii.  368. 
See  Wales. 
Germain,  Lord  George,  ii.  311,  314. 
Geroul,  John,  i.  203. 
Gerrish,  Benjamin,  i.  146. 
Joseph,  i.  249. 
Mary,  i.  249. 
Samuel,  i.  280,  299,  403. 
Gerry,  Elbridge,  ii.  478. 
Gibbins,  Gibbons. 
Ann,  i.  523. 
Anna,  ii.  147. 
Jane,  i.  56. 


Gibbins,  Gibbons  {continued). 

John,  i.  265,  316,  317,  334,  358-360,  401, 
402,  414,  432,  459,  478,  484,  4S5,  499; 
ii-  19,  30,  33,  43,  44,  46,  54,  55,  62,  75, 
87,  112,   118,   121-123,   170,  186,239, 
5S6,  603,  606. 
Thomas,  ii.  589. 
Gibbon,  Edward,  ii.  273. 
Gibbs,  Mr.,  ii.  37. 
Benjamin,  i.  gi. 
Henry,  i.  117. 

John,  i.  231,  240,  264,  324;  ii.  606. 
Lydia,  i.  91. 
Gibson,  Catherine,  ii.  592,  596. 

Edmund,  i.  172,  2S7,  304,  320,  321,  331, 
361,  381,  383-385,  3S7,  388,  403.  408, 
437,  478,  514;   ii-  12,  14,  ZT,  48,  85, 
246. 
Eliza,  ii.  595. 
Frances  Davis,  ii.  595. 
James,  ii.  SS. 
Jeremiah,  i.  117,  133. 
John  Gardiner,  ii.  595,  59S. 
Mary,  ii.  585. 
Richard,  i.  xix,  16,  17. 
Gifford,  Giffard. 

Elizabeth,  i.  333. 

Nathaniel,    i.   269,    280,   333,   335,  336, 

405. 
Samuel,  i-  355. 
Gilbert.  Rawlay,  i.  2. 

William,  i.  89. 
Giles,  Gyles. 

John,  i.  128,  133,  134,  204,  212,  265. 
Sarah,  i.  232. 
Gill,  John,  ii.  154. 
Moses,  ii.  319. 
Gillam,  Abigail,  i.  185. 
Benjamin,  i.  1S5. 
Gillett,  Ezra  Hall,  i.  290,  297;  ii.275. 

Gilman, ,  ii.  326,  595. 

Samuel,  ii.  537. 
Girdler,  George,  i.  260. 
Girot,  Girott. 

,  i.  265  ;  ii.  5S6. 

Glass,  Richard,  i.  260. 
Gloucester,  Bishop  of,  ii.  6. 
Glover,  Joseph  Beale,  ii.  590. 

Lewis,  ii.  596. 
Glyde,  Mr.,  ii.  326. 
Goddard,  Godard. 

Mr.,  i.  127,  135. 
Godward,  Giles,!.  135. 
Goelet,  Francis,  i.  20,  485 ;  ii.  33. 
Goff,  Christopher,  i.  89. 

John,  ii.  617. 
Gold,  Gowlde. 

Thomas,  i.  89,  in,  117,  133,  420, 
Goldthwait,  Goldthwaite. 
Benjamin,  ii.  324. 
Catherine,  ii.  147. 
Ezekiel,  ii.  54,  55,  1S6. 
John,  ii.  617. 


650 


INDEX   OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


Gooch,  Goudge,  Gouge. 

Edward,  i.  xix,  44,  1 12-114, 126  ;  ii.  603. 

Elizabeth,  i.  24S. 

Frances,  i.  114. 

Hester,  i.  248. 

James,  i.  24S. 

Thomas,  i.  114. 
Goodell,  Abner  Cheney,  i.  454;  ii.  viii. 
Goodman,  Elizabeth,  ii.  129. 

John,  ii.  129. 
Goodrich,  Goodridge,  Gutterridge. 

Robert,  i.  89. 

William,  ii.  404. 

William  Marcellus,  ii.  173,  404,  594. 
Goodwin,  Delia,  ii.  588. 

Lyde,  ii.  446. 

Maria,  ii.  446,  588. 
Gookin,  ,  ii.  340. 

Daniel,  i.  407. 

Nathaniel,  i.  189. 
Goold.     See  Gould. 
Goory,  John,  i.  97. 
Gordon,  Gorden. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  121,  239. 

George  Angier,  ii.  563. 

James,  i.  269,  355,  427,  494-497,  524, 
535-  538-540,  549;  ii-  16-18,  29,  30, 
33»  43-46,  49,  51,  52,  54,  55,  64,  81,  94, 
05,  109-111,  118,  121,  123,  1S4,  239, 
322,  323,  326,  328,  331,  585,  595,  604, 
607,  6ig. 

William,  i.  264. 
Gore,  Mr.,  ii.  34S. 

Mrs.  {)iee  Caner),  ii.  347,  350. 

Christopher,  ii.  193,  324,  338,  364,  397, 
476-480,  534,  588,  600,  608. 
Mrs.,  ii.  476. 

Frances,  ii.  476. 

John,  ii.  294-296,  476,  4S5,  534. 

Mary,  ii.  534. 

Rebecca,  ii.  479. 

Samuel,  ii.  534. 
Gorges,  Ferdinando,  i.  3,  16,  18;  ii.  252. 

Robert,  i.  3,  12,  13. 

William,  i.  16. 
Gorham,  Benjamin,  ii.  431. 

Mary  Thomas,  ii.  594. 

William  Henry,  ii,  594. 
Gorton,  Samuel,  i.  233,  548. 
Goudge,  Gouge,     See  Gooch. 
Gould,  Goold. 

Captain,  ii.  170. 

Mr.,  ii.  326. 

Ann,  i.  92,  233. 

Benjamin  Apthorp,  ii.  443. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  122,  175. 

Frances,  i.  92. 

John,  ii.  120,  122,  168,  1S9,  239,  596,  619. 

Robert,  ii.  529. 

Sarah,  ii.  1S9, 

Thomas,  i.  92,  233  ;  ii.  189. 

William,  i.  230,  401. 


Goulding,  William,  i.  13-:!. 
Gowen,  William  Cutter,  ii.  589. 
Gowld.     See  Gold. 
Graff ord,  Bridget,  i.  117. 

Thomas,  i.  117. 
Grafton,  Graff  ton. 

,  i.  399;  ii-  5S7- 

Graham,  James,  i.  "]"],  78,  140. 

John,  i.  307. 
Granger,  Grainger,  Grangier. 

Samuel,  i.  347,  390,  396  ;  ii.  5S7,  606. 
Grant,  Captain,  ii.  154. 

Mrs.,  ii.  326, 

Moses,  ii.  463,  589,  618. 

Samuel,  ii.  64,  75. 
Graupner,  Catherine,  ii.  403. 
Graves,  Greaves. 

Admiral,  ii.  2S4,  311. 

John,  ii.  iSS. 

Phebe,  ii.  46. 

Thomas,  i.  118,  315,  317,  324,  331,  -i^yj, 

350.  352;_ii-  46- 
Gray,  Edward,  ii.  539. 

Elizabeth  Phillips,  ii.  540. 

Ellis,  ii.  536. 

Francis  Calley,  ii.  594. 

Francis  Henry,  ii.  594. 

Frederick  Turell,  ii.  508,  539,  540. 

Harrison,  ii.  338. 

Hedwiga  Regina  (Shober),  ii.  594. 

John  Chipman,  ii.  435,  537. 

John  Henry,  ii.  600. 

Mary,  ii.  338. 

Samuel  Calley,  ii.  590,  609. 

Sarah,  ii.  536. 

Susanna,  ii.  539. 

Thomas,  ii.  539. 

William,  ii.  324,  589. 

Zachary,  i.  331,  339,  349,  372,  378,  467, 
472,  549. 
Greaton,  Grayton. 

James,  i.  325  ;  ii.  121,  181,  183. 

John,  i.  549;  ii.  81,  119,  5S6,  594. 

Mary,  ii.  121. 
Greaves.     See  Graves. 
Green,  Greene. 

Mr.,  i.  47  ;  ii.  285. 

Mrs.,  i.  496. 

Widow,  i.  265  ;  ii.  60. 

Ann,  i.  92,  233. 

Bartholomew,  i.  139,  206,  406. 

Charles  Winston,  ii.  193. 

Gardiner,  ii.  155,  3^4,  431. 

James,  i.  548. 

John,  i.  233,  54S;  ii.  241. 

Joseph,  i.  210,  285,  334;  ii.  55. 

Nathaniel,  i.  92,  230,  54S. 

Peter,  i.  54S. 

Remember,  ii.  75. 

Richard,  ii.  295. 

Rufus,   i.    484;    ii.    109,   no,    115,    124, 
607. 


INDEX   OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


651 


Green,  Greene  {coniimied). 

Samuel  Abbott,  i.  67,  372,  397,  406, 

ii.  viii,  148,  343. 
Thomas,  i.  xix,  233,  274,  424,  427, 
435>  457,  459,  4/6,  4S3,  4S5,  492, 
496,  499,   548;   ii.  54,   124,   125, 
603,  604,  607. 
Thomas  (Bishop  of  Norwich,   Eng. 
312. 
Greenaway,  Captain,  i.  115. 
Green]eaf,  Elizabeth,  i.  92. 
Hannah,  ii.  143. 

John,  ii.  322,  325,  32S,  331,  591. 
Meriah,  ii.  157. 

Stephen,  i.  92,  515  ;  ii.  iii,  143,  157, 
202,  596. 
Greenough,  David,  i.  3S0, 
Elizabeth,  i.  234. 
Horatio,  i.  234. 
John,  i.  231,  234. 
William,  i.  234. 

Greenwood, ,  ii.  324,  590. 

Elizabeth,  ii,  443. 

Francis  William  Pitt,  i.  vii,  viii,  x, 
45,  54,  57,  5S,  80,  S7,  123,   167, 
196,  362,  382,  390-392,  394,  404, 
425,  452,  460,  54',  549;  ii-  vii,  xii 
26,  154,  169,  172,   184,  192,  331- 
344,  364,  378,  381,  3S7,  3S9,  393, 
405,  413,  414,  416,  443-445,  447- 
456-459,  461-472,  474,  476,  484, 
48S-490,  495-497,  507,  514,  526, 
564,  566,  575,  602. 
Isaac,  ii.  154,  443,  590. 
John,  ii.  443. 
Joseph,  ii.  443. 
Louisa  Caroline,  ii.  590. 
Maria,  ii.  446,  498. 
Miles,  ii.  443. 
Myles,  ii.  443. 
Nathaniel,  ii.  443. 
Samuel,  ii.  296,  443. 
Sarah,  ii.  443. 
Thales,  ii.  443. 

William  Pitt,  ii.  443,  447,  599. 
Gregory,  Grigory. 

John,  ii.  322,  329,  592,  6gS. 
Robart,  i.  231. 
Gridley,  Jeremiah,  Jeremy,  ii.  iii,  152. 

Richard,  ii.  319. 
Griffin,  James,  i.  4S4. 

Jno.,  i.  50. 
Grigory.     See  Gregory, 
Grimes,  Leonard  Andrew,  ii.  513. 
Griswold,  Alexander  Vietts,  ii.  t,"]-]. 
Grosse,  Elizabeth,  i.  234, 
Phebe,  ii.  46. 

Guelph,  ,  ii,  2SS, 

Guerden,  de,  ii.  46. 
Guild,  Benjamin,  ii.  594, 
George  Dwigiit,  ii.  598. 


409; 

432, 

495, 
224, 

,),  i. 


171, 


36, 
169, 
421, 
,  12, 
■333, 
396, 
454, 
486, 
541, 


Gullager,  Guliger,  Gallagher, 

Christian,  ii,  401,  562. 
Giiiiter,  Thomas,  ii.  60,  90,  95,  123,  124,  607. 
Gutterridge.     See  Goodrich, 
Gyles,     See  Giles, 


H 


ADLEY,  Robart,  i,  231. 
Hale,  Matthew,  ii.  242. 
Haliburton,  Hallyburten,  Hallyburton. 

Mr.,  ii,  101, 

Abigail,  ii,  120, 

Andrew,  i,  549;  ii.  585, 

Thomas  Chandler,  ii.  354. 
Halkett,  Major,-  ii.  170. 
Hall,  Mr.,  i.  193,  36^,  401 ;  ii.  326, 

Benjamin  Homer,  i.  545. 

Elizabeth  Price,  i.  545, 

Hugh,  ii,  171,  325,592,  595. 

James,  ii,  591,  609, 

John,  i.  399, 

Jonathan  Patten,  ii,  5S9, 

Lot,  i.  545, 

Mary,  ii,  326. 

Olivia,  i,  545, 

Rebecca,  i.  248, 

Richard,  i.  211,  240,  549;  ii,  586,  606, 

Thomas  Bartlett,  i.  xi  ;  ii.  600,  604,  610. 

William,  ii.  119,  123,  1S4. 
Hallam,  Henry,  ii.  541. 
Hallet,  George,  ii.  592, 
Hallowell,  Hollowell, 

Captain,  ii,  200,  203, 

Benjamin,  ii.  192,  296. 

Hannah,  ii.  147,  359. 

Robert,  ii.  147,  159,  162,  295,  312,  313, 
322,325,  328,  591, 

Ward,  ii,  192, 
Hallyburten,  Hallyburton,     See  Haliburton. 
Halsey,  Halsy, 

,  iio85- 

James,  ii,  61, 

Joseph,  ii,  120, 
Ham,  Samuel  Franklin,  ii,  601, 
Hamblin,  George,  ii,  326,  594. 
Hamilton,  Hammilton, 

Colonel,  ii,  356, 

Alexander,  ii.  143,  4  78, 

Andrew,  i,  131, 

Francis,  i,  xvii,   •]o^  94,  173,  420,  550; 
ii.  562, 

George,  i,  94, 

James,  i,  94, 

John,  i.  230, 

John  Church,  ii,  143. 

Mary  Butler,  i.  94. 

Otho,  ii,  283, 

Thomas,  i,  94, 
Hamlen,  Gertrude  Loring,  ii,  598. 

Nathaniel  P,,  ii,  598 
Hamlet,  Prince  of  Denmark,  ii.  310. 


652 


INDEX   OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


Hammond,  John,  i.  16,  484. 
Hampden,  John,  i.  12. 
Hanbury,  Mr.,  ii.  143. 
Hancock,  Mr.,  i.  157,  193;  ii.  149. 

Dorothy  (Quincy),  ii.  29S. 

John,  ii.  55,  121,  131,  149,  175,  176,  184, 
192,  220.  310,  311,  313,  314,  316,  319, 

350,  357,  359,  369,  477- 
Richard,  i.  133. 
Thomas,  ii.  54,  55,  58,  64,  75,  99,    123, 

149.  354,  363- 
Handel,  George  Frederick,  ii.  172,  399-401, 

624. 
Hannibal,  ii.  133. 

Hardcastle,  Roger,  i,  549;  ii.  19,  585. 
Hardwicke,  Earl  of,  i.  454. 
Harper  Brothers,  ii.  232. 
Hugo  David,  i.  194. 
Harries.     See  Harris. 
Harris,  Hairis,  Harries,  Harrys. 
Mr.,  i.  50,  134;  ii.  170. 
Benjamin,  i.  393. 
David,  i.  89. 

Edward  Doubleday,  ii.  46,  47,  162. 
Elizabeth,  i.  gi. 

Henry,  i.  xii,  xiv,  xv,  xix,  91,   176,  190, 
192,  194-196,  206,  227,  239-244,  24S, 
254,  255,  261,  267,  274,  276,  2S2,  286- 
2S8,  290-294,  310,  311,  316-318,326- 
330,  333-335,  337-340,  345,  34S,  350, 
352,  354,  356-360,  364,  365,  367-369, 
371-373,  375,  Vl,  381,  390-394,  397, 
404,  413,  414,  453,  473  ;  ii.  12,  602. 
Joseph,  i.  94. 
Margaret,  ii.  359. 
Mary,  i.  393. 
Richard,  i.  89,  117. 
Robert,  i.  459. 
Sarah,  i.  593. 
Tamazin,  i.  94. 
Thomas,  i.  89,  393. 
See  Arris. 

Harrison,  ,  Rev.,  i.  226,  227. 

Joseph,  ii.  76. 

Peter,  i.   3S3,  ii.   76,  82,  83,    167,    168, 

177. 
Ra.,  i.  177,  212. 
Harrod,  John,  ii.  618. 
Harrys.     See  Harris. 
Hartley,  George  Harland,  ii.  174,  224, 
Hartt,  Captain,  i.  230. 
Harvey,  Hervey. 
Miss,  ii.  326. 
Mr.,  ii.  120,  170. 
James,  i.  197. 
Jno.,  i.  354;  ii.  587. 
Martha,  ii.  322,  323,  326,  32S,  329,  331, 
596. 
Harward,  Harwood. 

Charlotte  I.,  Mrs.,  i.  428. 
George,  i.  428. 
Letitia,  i.  429. 


Harward,  Harwood  {continued). 

Thomas,  i.  xv,  xviii,  404-406,  411-413, 
415-419,  422,  423,  427-431,  433,  435- 

43S,  456,  457,  465,  46S,  4S4,  485, 532  ; 

ii.  36,  602. 

William,  i.  42S. 

William  Eugene,  i.  42S. 
Hase.     See  Hayes. 
Haselrige,  Hesilnge. 

Arthur,  ii.  122. 

Robert,  ii.  120,  122. 

Sarah,  ii.  122. 
Haskell,  Samuel,  i.  325. 
Haskins,  John,  ii.  295,  315,  322,  323,  326,  32S, 

356,  361,  381,  3S7,  391-393,  596,  608. 
Hassam,  John  Tyler,  ii.  160,  345. 
Hastings,  Joseph  Stacey,  ii.  598. 
Hatch,  Estes,  Easte,  i.  211,  352,  360,  401, 
547;  ii.   119,  15S,   239,   583,  591,  592, 
606. 

Eustace,  i.  240. 

Mary,  ii.  239. 

Nathaniel,  ii.  97. 
Hathaway,  Stephen  Putnam,  ii.  517. 
Hatton,  George,  i.  113-115, 118, 119,  121, 127. 

Henry,  ii.  295. 
Haven,  Eliza  Hall,  ii.  593. 

Franklin,  ii.  590. 

George,  ii.  602. 

John  Appleton,  ii.  600,  609. 

Sarah  Ann,  ii.  590. 

Thomas,  ii.  593. 
Havvding,  Hawden,  Hawdinge. 

Mary,  ii.  5S9. 

Sarah,  ii.  321,  324,  32S,  331,  589., 

Thomas,  i.  495,  549;  ii.  43,  62,  63,  75, 
87,  88,  118, 121-123,  170,  1S6,  586,  589, 
604,  607. 
Hawke,  Lord,  ii.  38. 

Edward,  li.  67,  68. 
Hawkins,  Captain,  i.  115. 

Anna,  ii.  217. 

Ernest,  i.  194  ;  ii.  236. 
Hawks,  Francis  Lister,  i.  x,  16,  172  ;  ii.  229. 
Hawksworth,  Peter,  i.  177. 
Hawthorne,  Nathaniel,  i.  56. 
Hay,  Charles,  ii.  239. 
Haydn,  Franz  Joseph,  ii.  624. 
Hayes,  Hase,  Hays. 

Mr.,  i.  354,  356.  _ 

Francis  Brown,  ii.  5S9. 

Thomas,   i.  133,  269;  ii.  119,  187,  224, 
586,  594. 

T.,  ii.  170. 
Hayt,  Lewis,  ii.  325,  591. 
Hayward,  Haywood,  Heywood. 

,  i.  105. 

Mr.,  (of  Braintree),  ii.  78,  89. 

Anthony,  i.  47,  69,  89,  90,  119. 

George,  ii.  595,  609. 
Mrs.,  ii.   595. 

John  Healy,  ii.  492. 


INDEX   OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


653 


Hazard,  Abigail,  ii.  147. 
Caleb,  ii.  147. 
Ebenezer,  i.  421. 
Head,  R.,  i.  543. 
Healey,  Emily  Wells,  ii.  58S. 
Marianne  Wells,  ii.  58S, 
Mark,  ii.  588,  593. 
Healy,  George  Peter  Alexander,  ii.  535. 
Heard,  John,  ii.  597,  608. 

Susan,  ii.  597. 
Hearn,  Hearne. 

Joseph^.  1S6,  211,  239,  242,  336;  ii.  605. 
Heath,  Elizabeth,  i.  91. 

Hannah,  i.  94. 
Heathcote,  Caleb,  i.  312;  ii.  151. 
Hedge,  Frederic  Henry,  ii.  459. 

Levi,  ii.  541. 
Hedrick,  George,  i.  215;  ii.  173. 
Heeres,  Robert,  ii.  171. 
Henchman,  Daniel,  i.  302,  309. 
Hendee,  Charles  Jefferson,  ii.  589. 
Henderson,  Jacob,  i.  237. 
Joseph,  ii.  400. 
William  Henry,  ii.  523. 

Mrs.  (Anna  Matilda),  ii.  523. 
Henley,  Samuel,  ii.  345. 
Henry  III.,  King  of  England,  ii.  206. 
v..  King  of  England,  ii.  129. 
VII.,  King  of  England,  ii.  129. 
Duke  of  Portland,  i.  38S. 
Prince  of  Nassau,  i.  63. 
Henshaw,  John,  ii.  598. 

John  Prentiss  Kewley,  i.  261. 
Samuel,  ii.  400. 
Herbert,  George,  i.  149,  392. 
Hereford,  Bishop  of,  ii.  243. 
Herford,  Brooke,  i.  272,  451. 
Herrick,  Benjamin,  i.  518. 

G.     See  Hedrick. 
Herring,  Thomas,  i.  467  ;  ii.  71. 
Hervey.     See  Harvey. 
Hesilrige.     See  Haselrige. 
Hester,  Mary,  i.  48. 
William,  i.  48. 
Hewes,    Robert,  ii.   120,  322.  323,  325,  326, 
328,  329,  331,  381,  591,  594,  595,  608. 
Shubael,  ii.  324. 
See  Hughes. 
Hewitt,  Hewit. 

James,  ii.  37,  105. 
Sophia,  ii.  403. 
Heylin,  Peter,  i.  11. 
Heys,  Thomas,  i.  230. 
Heyvvood.     See  Hayward. 
Hickes,  George,  i.  218. 
Higgins,  William,  i.  121,  126. 
Higginson,  Francis,  i.  4,  7,  8. 
Francis  Lee,  ii.  613. 
George,  ii.  598,  610. 
Henry  Lee,  ii.  613. 
James  Jackson,  ii.  614. 
John,  i.  6,  28,  280. 
Waldo,  ii.  600,  610. 


Hill, ,  i.  7°- 

Clement  Hugh,  ii.  437. 

Edward,  i.  89, 112, 1 15,  1 1 8,  127, 128,  133, 

134,  158. 
Hamilton  Alonzo,  ii.  610,  630. 
Hamilton  Andrews,  ii.  viii,  244,  333. 
James,  ii.  1 19. 
John,  i.  199,  230,  233,  234. 
Samuel,  i.  240. 
Thomas,  ii.  64,  75,  459. 
William,  i.  117. 
Hillard,  George  Stillman,  ii.  539. 
Hillhouse,  James  Abraham,  ii.  3. 

Mary,  ii.  3. 
Hilliard,  Joseph,  i.  89. 
Hills,  George  Morgan,  i.  152,  174. 
Hine,  John,  i.  260. 
Hirst,  Grove,  i.  481  ;  ii.  125. 
Jane,  i.  481. 
Mary,  ii.  125. 
Hitchborn,  Benjamin,  ii.  311,  358, 
Hitchcock,  Gad,  ii.  2S2. 
Hitchcox,  Abraham,  i.  4S3. 
Hoadly,  Benjamin,  i.  306,  525;  ii.  371. 
Hobart,  John  Henry,  ii.  457. 
John  Sloss,  ii.  247. 
Noah,  i.  95,  263,   469,  470,  526  ;  ii.  6, 

8-11,  247,  248,  250,  251,  263,  275. 
Peter,  ii.  247. 
Hobby,  Ann,  i.  91. 

Charles,  i.  xix,  91,  135,  161,  175,  176,  193, 
199,  201,  212,  227,  229,  230,  238-240, 
258,  269;  ii.  603,  605. 
William,  i.  89,   117,    121,  133,  134,  150, 
158,  175  ;  ii.  603,  605. 
Hobson,  Humphrey,  ii.  300. 
Hodgson,  James,  ii.  5S6. 
Hoffins,  John,  ii.  327. 
Hogarth,  William,  ii.  70. 
Holden,  Samuel,  i.  467,  528. 
Holker,  Thomas,  i.  390;  ii.  606. 
Holland,  Baron,  ii.  315. 
Lord,  ii.  47. 

Elizabeth  \'assal,  ii.  47,  315. 
Hollard,  George,  i.  89. 
Holley,  Horace,  ii.  445,  625. 

Hollis,  ,  i.  271. 

Thomas,  i.  312  ;  ii.  269. 
Thomas  Brand,  i.  210  ;  ii.  289. 
Hollowell.     See  Hallowell. 
Holltt,  Captain,  i.  229. 
Holmes,  Abiel,  ii.  177,  376,  402. 
Amelia  Lee  Jackson,  ii.  600, 
Benjamin  Mulby,  ii.  296. 
Nathaniel,  ii.  61. 

Oliver  Wendell,  i.  515;  ii.  xiii,  131,  543, 
563,  564,  600,  614,  625,  626,  629. 
Holyoke,  Edward,  i.  1S8. 

Edward  Augustus,  ii.  369. 
Homans,  Eliza  Lee;  ii.  591. 
Helen,  ii.  530. 
Helen  Amory,  ii.  600. 
John,  ii,  530,  600. 


654 


INDEX    OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


Hcmer,  John,  ii.  321,  324,  329,  590,  596. 

William,  ii.  61. 
Honeyman,  Honyman,  Hunneyman. 

James,   i.    160,  169,  170,  294,  338,  339, 
364,  386.^ 
Hooker,  John,  ii.  no. 

Richard,  i.  306. 

Thomas,  i.  26,  149. 
Hooper,  Alice  Sturgis,  ii.  589. 

Anne  L.,  (Anne  Sturgis)  ii.  589. 

Edward  William,  ii.  614. 

James,  i.  89. 

John,  i.  117. 

Mary,  i.  iiS. 

Nathaniel,  ii.  596,  610. 

Robert  William,  ii.  593,  618. 

Samuel,  ii.  5S9. 

William,  i.  xv,   492,    526-528,    533-538, 
540;  ii.  20,  109,  no,  115,  125. 

William  Sturgis,  ii.  614. 
Hope,  Mr.,  i.  421. 
Hopkins,  Edward,  i.  516,  517. 

Joiin,  i.  207. 

John  Henry,  i.  492. 

Samuel,  ii.  410. 
Hopkinson,  Thomas,  ii.  601. 
Hoppin,  Nicholas,  i.  122;  ii.  177,  272,  350. 
Hopson,  Peregrine  ThomaS;  ii.  99,  354. 
Horace,  ii.  52,  629. 

Home, ,  ii.  124. 

Hoskins,  Charles  Chauncey,  ii.  154. 

Henry  Ouincy,  ii.  154. 

John  Box,  ii.  154. 

Lydia,  ii.  154. 

Richard,  ii.  154. 

Susanna,  ii.  154. 

William,  ii.  154. 
Hosmer,  George  Washington,  ii.  521. 
Hough,  Benjamin  Kent,  ii.  599. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  599. 

Franklin  Benjamin,  ii.  252, 
Houghton,  Howghton. 

Henry  Oscar,  ii.  xxiii. 

Rowland,  i.  549;  ii.  585. 
Houghton,  Mifflin,  and  Co.,  ii.  xxiii. 
Hovey,  George  Otis,  ii.  593. 
Howard,  Major,  i.  106. 

Mr.,  ii.  89. 

Anthony,  i.  76. 

Mary,  ii.  362. 

Robert,  i.  200. 

Simeon,  ii.  2S6,  293. 

William,  ii.  362. 
Howe,  Mr.  ii.  286. 

John,  i.  429. 

Nathanael,  i.  516,  517. 

Samuel  Gridley,  ii.  463,  591. 

Stephen,  ii.  600. 

William,  i.  380;  ii.  155,  240,  290,  296, 
297,  313. 
Howghton.    See  Houghton. 


Hubbard,  Charles  Townsend,  ii.  597. 

Daniel,  ii.  307. 

James  Mascarene,  ii.  51. 

Lazzaras,  i.  265. 

Margaret,  ii.  46. 

Samuel,  ii.  431. 

Thomas,  ii.  in,  IT2,  136. 

William,  i.  17,  280;  ii.  267. 
Hudson,  John,  ii.  239,  291. 

William,  ii.  305. 
Huff,  William,  i.  89. 
Hugh,  J.,  ii.  338. 
Hughes,  Ann,  ii.  338. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  338. 

James,  ii.  33S,  339. 

Mary,  ii.  338. 

Peter,  ii.  33S. 

Samuel,  ii.  296,  338. 
Huidekoper,  Herman  (Ham  Jan),  ii.  499, 
Hull,  John,  i.  27,  48,  70. 
Hulton,  Henry,  ii.  323,  327,  32S,  331,  600. 
Humphreys, David,  i.  viii,  219,  259. 

Hen.,  i.  260. 
Hunking,  Sarah,  ii.  159. 
Hunnewell,  Jonathan,  ii.  477. 

Mary,  ii.  618. 
Hunneyman.     See  Honeyman. 
Hunt, ,  ii.  585. 

Mr.,  ii.  78,  89. 

John,  ii.  333. 

Mercy,  i.  89. 

Robert,  i.  2. 

Samuel,  i.  442. 

Sarah,  i.  93. 

Thomas,  i.  93. 

XA'illiam,  i.  89. 
Hunter,  ,  i.  222. 

Colonel,  i.  227. 

Mary,  i.  117. 

William,  i.  118. 
Hurlbut,  Sophia,  ii.  363. 
Hutchinson,  Hutchenson. 

Ann,  Anna,  Anne,  i.  31,  311;  ii.  217. 

Edward,  ii.  217. 

Eliakim,  i.  539,  549;  ii.  15,  16,  18,  29, 
30,  33.  43-45.  54,  55.  62,  65,90,  in, 
117,  118,  122,  123,  129,  142,  160,  161, 
164,  170,  186,  273,  312,  321,  325,  328, 
5S5,  588,  591,  604,  607. 

Elisha,  ii.  217,  314. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  121,  129,  160,  217,  239,  273. 

Foster,  i.  232. 

Humprey,  i.  211. 

John,  ii.  217. 

Margaret,  ii.  217. 

Mary,  ii.  160. 

Richard,  ii.  160. 

Sarah,  ii.  160,  217. 

Shrimpton,  ii.  119,  121,  123,  168,  170, 
186,  223,  239,  322,  323,  325,  328,  329, 
331,  381,  422,  591,  604,  607, 


INDEX    OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


655 


Hutchinson,  Hutchenson  {continued). 

Thomas,!.  5,  11,  19,  26-28,  34,35,  37, 
43'  47,  52-  53>  56,  67,  So,  97,  117,  144, 
149,  151,  175,  227,  280,  291,  310,  378, 
3S0,  395,  439,  528;  ii.  54,  58,  121,  130, 
133,  152,  164,  199,  201,  207,  209,  216- 
219,  227-230,  240,  258,  281,  282,  2S8, 
296,  302,  3",  312,  314,  316,  343>  351- 
352,  363,  562,617,  618. 
William,  ii.  160,  217. 

Hydes, ,  i.  56. 


iNXHES,  Charles,  ii.  593. 

Charles  Edward,  ii.  614. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  121. 

Henderson,  ii.  121. 

Thomas,  i.  549;  ii.  119,  587. 
Indecott,  Indicott,  Indicot.     See  Endicott. 
Ingalls,  William,  ii.  5S9. 
Ingersoll,  Ingersol. 

Colonel,  ii.  287,  327. 

David,  ii.  300. 

George,  ii.  491. 

George  Goldthwait,  ii.  491. 
Inglis,  Charles,  ii.  302,  303. 
Ingram,  Ingham. 

North,  i.  267,  324;  ii.  5S5. 
Inman, ,  ii.  29S. 

Mr.,  ii.  288. 

George,  ii.  2S8. 

Ralph,  ii.  177. 
Instone.     Sec  Enston. 
lohns,  lones. 

Benjamin,  i.  201-203,  211. 

Will,  i.  211. 

Sec  Johns,  Jones. 
Ivers,  luers. 

Hannah,  ii.  69. 

James,  i.  211 ;  ii.  70,  162,  170,  322,  323, 

325-  328,  331.  335>  349>  381,  387,  390, 
391,  591,  596,  604,  608,  619. 
Thomas,  ii.  1S2. 
Izard,  Elizabeth,  i.  387,  388. 
Ralph,  i.  387. 


I ACKSON,  Madame,  ii.  171. 
Bartho.,  i.  260,  261. 

Charles,  ii.  423,  431,  463,  501,  526,  600. 
Cor.,  i.  211. 
Edmund,  ii.  473. 
Ernest,  ii.  5oo,  610,  630. 
Fanny,  ii.  600. 
Francis,  ii.  473. 
George,  i.  260;  ii.  473. 
George  K  [  ?nowel],  Mus.  D.,  ii.  173. 
Harriet,  ii.  599. 

James,  ii.  338,  463,  564,  595,  599,  609. 
Joseph,  ii.  220,  221. 
Mary,  ii.  iiS,  170,  5S5,  592. 


Jackson  {continued'). 

Patrick  Tracy,  ii.  463,  474,  525,  526,  600, 

609,  614. 
Robert,  ii.  587. 
Jamaica,  Bishop  of,  i.  223, 
James,  John,  ii.  607. 

James  I.,  King  of  England,  i.  3,  63,  171,  332; 
ii.  2S2. 
H.,  King  of  England,  i,  .xiii,  31,  40,  63, 
66,  79,  83-S5,  100,  103,  104,  119,  141, 
167,  194,  195;  ii.  242,  561. 
HI.,  Pretended  King  of  England,  i.  80, 
2S2,  2S3. 
Jarvis,  Charles,  ii.  400. 
James,  ii.  119.  125. 
Leonard,  ii.  203,  212. 
Robert,  i.  529. 
Samuel  Gardner,  ii.    162,  322,  323,  326, 

328,  33i>  595- 
Jatan.     See  Jutau. 
Jay,  John,  ii.  477. 

William,  ii.  473. 
Jefferson,  Thomas,  ii.  475,  482. 
Jeffries,  Jefferies. 

Anne,  i.  92;  ii.  315. 

Benjamin  Joy,  ii.  346. 

David,  i.  214;  ii.  315,  334. 

Elizabeth,  ii,  315. 

John,  i.  92  ;  ii.  315,  322,  326  328,  596. 

Walter  Lloyd,  ii.  346. 

See  Geffries. 
Jofrey,  Arthur,  i.  230. 
Jekyll,  Jeakell,  Jeckyl,  Jekell,  Jekyl. 

Hannah,  i.  245. 

John,  i.  xix,  201,  204,  205,  212,  227,  231, 
235>  239,  242,  244-246,  258,  265,  320, 
334-  337,  352,  358,  360,  370-372,  395, 
459,  462,  502,  531,  541 ;  ii.  12, 129,  603, 
605,  607. 

Joseph,  i.  244.  245,  502. 

Margaret,  i.  395. 

Molly,  i.  395. 

Thomas,  i.  245. 
Jenkins,  Jenkin,  Jenkinns. 

Captain,  ii.  53. 

Calvin,  ii.  172. 

John,  ii.  296. 

Leoline,  i.  xiv,  194,  195, 220,  337 ;  ii.  229. 

Lyonell,  i.  48,  54. 

Robert,  i.  529;  ii.  1S2. 
Jenks,  William,  ii.  402. 
Jenner,  Thomas,  i.  17. 
Jenness,  Jennys. 

John  Sribner,  i.  16.  29,  39,  48,  55. 

Richard,  ii.  239. 
Jenney,  Robert,  ii.  178. 
Jennings,  Calvin,  ii.  435. 

Levi,  ii.  322,  323,  327-329,  331,  344,  349, 
596,  608. 
Jennison,  Samuel,  ii.  70. 
Jenyns,  Soame,  ii.  362. 
Jeroboam,  ii.  303. 
Jcrrett,  John,  i.  230. 


656 


INDEX   OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


Jetzer,  Johann,  i.  2S7. 
Jocelyn.  See  Josselyn. 
Johns,  John,  i.  240. 

See  Johns. 
Johnson,  Arbella  (Lady),  i.  T},,  74,  83. 

David,  i.  133. 

Edward,  i.  14,  15,  25. 

Henry,  ii.  120,  381. 

Isaac,  i.  83. 

John,  i.  549;  ii.  585. 

Nathaniel,  ii.  595. 

Robert,  i.  89. 

Samuel,  i.  228,  306-308,  313,  316-319, 
321,  322,  330,  338,  367,  387,  475  ;  ii. 
2-6,  210,  246,  251,  264,  265,  267,  275. 

Thomas,  ii.  172. 

William,  ii.  134. 

William  Samuel,  i.  322. 
Johnston,  Johnstone. 

David,  i.  158. 

John,  ii.  117,  172. 

J.,  i.  119. 

Thomas,  ii.  103,  172,  186. 
Johonnot,  ,  ii.  370. 

Dr.,  ii.  170. 

Andrew,  ii.  120,  153,  170,  239,  322,  323, 
325,  326,  328,  329,  331,  3S1,  591,  593, 
60S. 

Daniel,  ii.  121. 

Francis,   i.  484;   ii.   126,  153,  313,  322, 
Ti'^h  325>  328,  592,  608. 
Mrs.,  ii.  323. 

Mary,  ii.  313,  325,  329. 

Peter,  ii.  295. 

Susan,  ii.  121. 
Jones,  Captain,  ii.  91. 

Benjamin,  i.  231. 

Edward,  ii.  338. 

Elizabeth,  i.  183. 

Hannah,  i.  94. 

Isaac,  i.  89. 

John,  i.  183  ;  ii.  338, 

John  Coffin,ii.  322,  325, 329,  338, 592,  619. 

John  Paul,  ii.  192. 

Joseph,  ii.  592. 

Mary,  i.  94,  183  ;  ii.  122. 

Mary  Ann,  ii.  338. 

Paul,  ii.  563. 

Thomas,  i.  94. 

See  Johns. 
Jordan,  Ebon  Dyer,  ii.  596,  610, 

Robert,  i.  16. 
Josselyn,  Jocelyn. 

Henry,  i.  16. 

John,  i.  14,  21. 

Thomas,  i.  16. 
Joy,  John,  ii.  296. 

John  Benjamin,  ii.  619. 
Joyliffe,  John,  i.  36. 
Judd,  Roger,  i.  133-135,  200,  201,  203,  204, 

212,  214. 
Jutau,  Jatan. 

John,  ii.  326,  381. 


K. 


.AINE,  Kane,  Cane. 

Richard,  i.  199,  230,  234. 
Kast,  Phillip  Godfred,  ii.  590. 

Thomas,  ii.  170,  338,  361,  608. 
Keane,  Keene. 

Catharine,  ii.  144. 

Henry  George,  ii.  144. 
Keary,  John,  i.  200. 
Keighley,  Keightley. 

,  ii.  587. 

Thomas,  ii.  120,  593. 
Keith,  Rev.  Mr.,  ii.  263. 

George,  i.  xiv,  xviii,  67,   149,    151-157, 
159,  169,  170,  215,  221, 
Kemble,  Margaret,  ii.  282. 

Peter,  ii.  282. 
Kempenfield,  Colonel,  i.  230,  234. 
Ken,  Thomas,  i.  297. 
Kenck,  Esq.,  ii.  73. 
Kendall,  Abel,  ii.  598. 
Kennedy,  John,  ii.  595,  596. 
Kennet,  Kennett. 

White  ,  i.  Ill,  256,  262,  297,  344,  446. 
Kent,  Duke  of,  i.  544. 
Kenton,  Robert,  i.  265,  336,  360,  371,  477. 
Kenwood,  Peter,  i .  484,  492 ;  ii.  84, 99,  i oS,  1 26. 
Kerr,  Robert  Hamilton,  ii,  viii. 
Keston,  John,  i.  203. 
Kethe,  William,  i.  207. 
Kettlewell,  John,  i.  218. 

Kew,  ,  i.  21S. 

Kidd,  William,  i.  143,  144. 

Kidder,  Jerome  George,  ii.  599. 

Kilby,  Christopher,  ii.  92,  124,  126,  157. 

John,  ii.  92. 

Martha,  ii.  93. 

Rebecca,  ii.  92. 

Sarah,  ii.  93. 
Kilcup,  Roger,  i.  89. 

William,  i.  92. 
Killikelly,  Bryan  Bernard,  i.  492. 
Killings,  Mary,  ii.  154. 

Richard,  ii.  154. 

Sarah,  ii.  154. 
Kineer,  Captain,  ii.  170. 
King,  Colonel,  i.  230,  234. 

Dr.,  i.  254. 

Henry,  ii.  236. 

James,  i.  265. 

John,  i.  171. 

John  Crookshanks,  ii.  453,  466. 

Josiah,  ii.  211. 

Rufus,  ii.  407,  478. 

Thomas  Starr,  ii.  540. 

William,  i.  162,  274,  276. 
Kinsly,  David,  i.  354. 
Kirk,  Kirke. 

Piercy,  i.  40,  199,  230,  233, 

Thomas,  ii.  162,  314,  322,  326,  328,  594. 
Kirkland,  John  Thornton,  ii.  445,464, 488,  541. 
Knapp,  Samuel  Lorenzo,  ii.  152. 
Kneeland,  Samuel,  i.  2S0,  499. 


INDEX   OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


657 


Kneller,  Godfrey  (Sir),  ii.  562, 
Knight,  Knights. 

Mary,  ii.  321,  323,  32S,  329,  331,  589. 

Richard,  i.  127. 

Thomas,  ii.  158,  162,  186,  324,  589. 
Knowles,  Charles,  ii.  T,y,  39-41,  51,  53,  i  iS. 
Knox,  Henry,  ii.  225,  302,  528. 

John,  i.  207. 

Lucy,  ii.  302. 


L. 


^ABBIE,  Stephen,  i.  240. 
Labree,  John  Doane,  ii.  524. 
Lacey,  William,  i.  117. 
Lahr,  Christopher,  ii.  162,  599. 
Lake,  Catherine,  i.  93. 

Lancelot,  i.  89,  117,  204,  396;  ii.  605. 
Lamb,  Mrs.,  i.  232. 

Horace  Appleton,  ii.  610. 

Rosanna,  ii.  593. 

Thomas,  ii.  593. 
Lambert,  William,  i.  352,  360;  ii.  118,  606. 
Lambton,  John,  i.  255. 
Lamson,  Alvan,  ii.  443. 

Joseph,  ii.  7. 
Lane, ,  ii.  529. 

Ebenezer,  ii.  537. 

George  Martin,  ii.  629. 

Thomas,  ii.  124, 

William  Coolidge,  ii.  viii. 
Langdon,  Nathaniel,  ii.  61. 
Langford,  Thomas,  ii.  119,  587. 
Langharne,  Arthur,  i.  197;  ii.  603,  605. 
Lardner,  Nathaniel,  ii.  251,  374. 
Larkin,  Mrs.,  i.  no. 
Laud,  William,  i.  9-1 1,  461 ;  ii.  82. 
Laughton,  Henry,  i.  352,  355,  367,  484,  521. 

See  Lawton. 
Lawson,  Anne,  i.  183. 

John,  i.  183. 

Sarah,  i.  1S3. 
Lawton,  Christopher  Jacob,  i.  517. 

See  Laughton. 
Layton,  Henry,  i.  170. 
Leaming,  Ann,  ii.  103. 

Jeremiah,  ii.  103,  275,  270. 
Lean,  William,  i.  230. 
Leathered.     See  Lethered. 
Leavens,  Samuel,  ii.  120. 
Lecain,  Mary,  ii.  534. 
Lechford,  Thomas,  i.  21,  22. 
Lechmere,  Leachmore,  Lechmore,  Letchmere, 
Letchmore,  Lichmere,  Litchmere. 

Ann,  i.  235. 

Nicholas,  i.  235. 

Richard,  ii.  170,  295,  29S,  316,  323,   327, 
328,  597,  608. 
Mrs.,  ii.  29S. 

Thomas,  i.  211,  231,  235,  240,347,  350, 
352,  360,  420,  547;  ii.  44,  45,  69,  iiS, 
121,  187,  239,  5S6,  597,  606. 

VOL.  II.  —  42 


Lecraw,  John,  i.  260. 
Leddel,  Leddell,  Leddle. 

Henry,  ii.  322,  326,  328,  331,  387,  390, 
595,  607,  608. 

John,  ii.  1 19. 
Lee,  Mrs.,  i.  232. 

Francis  L,  ii.  614. 

George,  i.  211. 

Henry,  ii.  165,  228,  316,  599,600. 

Jeremiali,  ii.  592. 

John  Clarke,  ii.  599. 

Joseph,  ii.  177,  298. 
Mrs.,  ii.  29S. 

Lydia,  i.  91. 

Robert  Edmund,  ii.  550. 

Samuel,  i.  91. 

Thomas,  ii.  598. 
Leek,  John  Wickliffe,  i.  260,  261;  ii.  303. 
Leeky,  Mary,  i.  232. 
Leisler,  Jacob,  i.   143. 
Lely,  Peter,  ii.  142,  562. 
L'Etendiere,  M.  de,  ii.  67. 
Le  Mercier,  Andre,  Andrew,  ii.  121,  338. 
Leonard,  Lenard,  Lernard. 

George,  ii.  295. 

Jonas,  ii.  119,  5S7,  598. 

Jono,  ii.  171. 
Lesley,  Leslie,  Lesly. 

Charles,  i.  2S6-2SS,  293,  301. 
Leatherhed,  Leatherhead,    Leathered,   Leth- 
ered. 

John,  i.  212,  214,  400,  401. 
Leverett,  Anne,  i.  4S0. 

John,  i.  27,  68,  92;  ii.  155. 

Rebecca,  i.  92  ;  ii.  155. 

Thomas,  i.  59. 
Levett,  Christopher,  i.  16. 
Levingsworth,  Mr.,  i.  127. 
Lewis,  Rev.  Mr.,  ii.  352. 

Ezekiel,  ii.  112. 

Job,  i.  211,  231,  235,  239,  265,  352,  356,, 
360,  370,  39-1,  397,  401,  432,  460,  547^ 
"•  33.  54,  5S6,  603,  606. 

Mary,  i.  17. 

Stephen,  i.  325. 
Liddel,  Henry,  ii.  36,  119,  123. 
Lidget,  Lidgett,  Lydgett. 

Bethia,  i.  48. 

Charles,  i.  44,  45,  47,  48,  59,  60,  69,  ^2; 
78,  79,  86,  89,  105. 

Elizabeth,  i.  48. 

Mary,  i.  48. 

Peter,  i.  48. 
Lienow,  Henry,  ii.  596. 
Lightfoot,  Lightfoote. 

Robert,  i.  496  ;  ii.  43,  607. 
Lilley,  Lilly. 

Edward,  i.  78,  79,  89. 

Samuel,  i.  91. 
Lillivred,  Thomas,  i.  231. 
Limrick,  Paul,  ii.  3. 
Lincoln,  Abraham,  ii.  527,  533. 

Benjamin,  ii.  193. 


658 


INDEX   OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


Lincoln  (continued). 

Caroline  Agnes,  ii.  viii. 

Hawkes,  ii.  592. 

Jairus,  ii.  443. 

Solomon,  ii.  1S8. 
Lindell,  James,  i.  211. 
Lindsey,  Linsey,  Linzee. 

Mrs.,  ii.  288. 

James,  i.  229. 

John,  ii.  2S7,  288. 

Theophiliis,  ii.  371,  372,  412,  621. 
Lines.     See  Lynde. 

Liopoldt,  F.  ( ?  John  Stephen  Liotard),  ii.  562. 
Liscomb,  Liscom,  Luscomb,  Luscombe,  Lys- 
com. 

Humphrey,  i.  69,  92. 

Thomas,  i.  43-45,  48,  89. 
Litchfield,  Bishop  of,  i.  60. 

Mary,  i.  118. 
Lithered,  Thomas,  i.  265. 
Lithrigg,  James,  ii.  296. 
Little,  Littles. 

Arthur,  ii.  163. 

Charles  Coffin,  i.  iii;  ii.  551,  594. 

Isaac,  i.  247. 

Moses,  ii.  530. 
Little,  Brown,  and  Co.,  ii.  xxiii. 
Little  Dorrit,  ii.  70. 
Livingston,  William,  ii.  133. 
Llandaff,  Bishop  of,  ii.  243,  277. 
Lloyd,  Loyd. 

,  ii.  619. 

Edward,  i.  159,  239,  605. 

Griselda,  i.  92  ;  ii.  142,  155. 

Henry,  i.  549;  ii.  46,  117-119,  123,  143, 
155,  168,  295,  321,  324,  328,  387,  390, 
586,  5S8,  604,  607. 

Henry  T.,  ii.  170.  [jQOj  619. 

James,  i.  89,  92,  iSi  ;  ii.  143,  155,  387, 

John,  ii.  142. 

Joseph,  i.  21  r,  240. 

Rebecca,  i.  92;  ii.  155. 

Thomas,  i.  265. 
Lock,  Locke. 

Edward,  i.  476. 

John,  ii.  374. 
Lockyer,  John,  i.  156. 
Lodge,  Edmund,  i.  94. 

London,  Bishop  of,  i.  xix,  9,  11,  34,  37,40,  41, 
44,  62,  106,  120,  121,  12S,  130-132, 143,  145, 
149,  157,  161-164,  166-173,  175,  177,  1S9, 
190,  192,  194-196,  216,  219,  221,  224,  226- 
228,  237,  240,  243,  250,  251,  254-256,  258, 
273>  291,  292,  307,  316,  327,  329,  330,  332, 

335>  338.  343,  346,  348,  349,  351-353,  357, 
361,  367,  36S,  370,  371,  381,  383,  386-392, 

399,  404,  407,  408,  4",  414,  423,  430-433, 
435,  436,  438,  441,  451-453,  455-457,459, 
461,  462,  465,  469,  472,  47S,  4S5,  487,  493, 

494,497,  504,  508,  519,  525,  526,  533,  535, 
536,  540;  ii.  12-14,  23,  25,  27-30,  34,  37, 
48,  85,  103,  104,  113,  1S2,  1S8,  1S9,  232- 
236,  242,  244,  265,  278,  331,  345,  350. 


Longfellow,  Henry  Wadsworth,  ii,  163,  535. 

Mrs.,  ii.  535. 
Loobey,  Victorious,  i.  265. 
Lord,  Rupert,  Mrs.,  i.  214. 
Loring,  Captain,  ii.  124. 

Misses,  ii.  562. 

Mrs.,  ii.  326. 

Edward  Greely,  ii.  598. 

Ellis  Gray,  ii.  473. 

Francis  Caleb,  ii.  598. 

James  Spear,  ii.  319,  359,  537. 

John  Alden,  ii.  599. 

Joshua,  ii.  162,  295,  595. 

Nathaniel,  ii.  617. 
Lothrop,  Thornton  Kirkland,  ii.  589. 
Loudon,  Loudoun. 

Earl  of,  ii.  93,  13S,  139,   141,  196,  198, 
199. 
Louis  XV.,  King  of  France,  ii.  148. 
Lovell,  Lovel. 

John,  ii.  55,  64,  69,  288,  369,  378. 
Low,  Lowe. 

Mr.,  i.  400. 

Charles,  ii.  296. 

John  Gorham,  ii.  596. 
Lowell, ,  ii.  528. 

Abbott  Lawrence,  ii.  596,  610,  630. 

Charles,  ii.  403,  526,  527. 

Charles  Russell,  ii.  527. 

Edward  Jackson,  ii.  596. 

Elizabeth  Rebecca,  ii.  592. 

Francis  Cabot,  ii.  526,  532,  564,  593,  596, 
610,  630. 

George  Gardner,  ii.  596. 

James  Jackson,  ii.  527. 

James  Russell,  ii.  527,  574. 

John,  i.  418;  ii.  338,  426,  464-466,  476- 
47S,  523,  526,  527,  541,  592,  5r8,  608. 

John  Amory,  ii.  466,  527,  563,  564,  592, 
597,  604,  609. 

Lucy  Buckminster,  ii.  598. 
Loyd.     See  Lloyd. 
Lucas, ,  ii.  587. 

Augustus,  ii.  3. 

Henry,  i.  255,  256,  258. 

Mary,  ii.  3. 
Luce,   Peter,  i.  265,  432,  435,  484,  4S5;   ii. 

607. 
Luger,  Hannah,  i.  393. 
Luscomb.     See  Liscomb, 
Lutwyche,  Lawrence,  i.  484. 
Lyde,  Lydd. 

Byfield,  i.  178,  398. 

Catharine,  i.  24S,  249. 

Catherine,  i.  178. 

Deborah,  i.  178,  189,  248. 

Edward,  i.  xix,  133-135,  162,  177,  178, 
193,  201,  202,  231,  242,  248,  249;  ii. 
603,  605. 

Mary,  i.  178,  249. 

Susanna,  i.  178. 
Lydgett,  Lydget.     See  Lidget. 
Lyford,  John,  i.  7, 


INDEX   OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


659 


Lyman,  Arthur  Theodore,  i,  xi ;  ii.  iv,  viii, 
590.  597,  59S,  604,  610,  630. 

Caleb,  ii.  617,  61S. 

Ella,  ii.  597. 

George  Williams,  ii.  590. 

Julia,  ii.  597. 

William,  Mrs.  (Mary),  ii.  522. 
Lyndall,  James,  i.  239. 
Lynde,  Lines,  Lynd. 

Benjamin,  i.  74,  247;  ii.  97, 

Elizabeth,  i.  gi. 

Mary,  i.  247. 

Samuel,  i.  89,  19S,  247. 

Sarah,  i.  72. 

Simon,  i.  59,  72,  gi,  93,  247. 


JVIaCAULEY,  Thomas  Babington,  Lord, 

i.  84,  298  ;  ii.  47. 
Maccarty,    Maccartie,    JLickarty,    Mackerty, 
McKarty. 

Charles,  i.  48. 

Christian,  i.  211,  232-235. 

Eliza,  i.  48. 

Elizabeth,  i.  234. 

Florence,  Florance,  i.  231,  234,  235. 

Francis,  i.  48. 

Margaret,  i.  48. 

Samuel,  i.  48. 

Sarah,  i.  234. 

Thaddeus,  i.  44,  45,  48,  49,  76,  8g,  97, 
104,  109,  T14,  117-119,  121,  133,  134, 
193  ;  ii.  603,  605. 

Thomas,  i.  117. 

William,  ii.  1S4. 
Macclenaghan.     See  McClenaghan. 
Mackdovvell,  David,  i.  265. 
Mackentash,  MacKentosh.     See  Mcintosh. 
MacSparrun,        McSparrum,        McSparran, 
M'Sparran. 

Hannah,  ii.  147,  148. 

James,  i.  33S,  364,  451,  466,  467;  ii.  3, 
147,  14S,  238,  274,  353, 
McAdams,  Sarah,  ii.  93. 
McBadger.     See  Badger. 
McCleary,  Samuel  Foster,  ii.  58. 
McClenaghan,  McClennaghan,  Macclenaghan. 

William,  ii.  17S,  179,  iSo. 
McClintock  &  Strong,  ii.  232. 
McDaniel,  Hugh,  i.  529;  ii.  75,  182. 
McEllroy,  Robert,  ii.  325. 
McEvers,  Elizabeth,  ii.  144. 

James,  ii.  144. 

Mary,  ii.  143. 
McGilchrist,  William,  ii.  107,  108,  236,  307. 
McGregory.  James,  i.  252. 
Mcintosh,  Mackentash,  MacKentosh. 

Elizabeth,  i.  I2.2'i  'i-  161. 

Henry,  i.  198,  239. 
McKean,  Joseph,  ii.  396. 
Joseph  U'ilJiam,  ii.  537. 

Margarett,  ii.  537. 


McKenzie,  Mr.,  ii.  160. 

Ale.xander,  i.  22,  120,  210. 
Anna,  ii.  7. 
Dougal,  ii.  7. 

McLane, ,  ii.  167. 

McNeal,  MacNeil,  McNeil. 

Archibald,    ii.    121,   312,  321,   325,  328, 

590. 
John,  ii.  5S7. 
Sarah,  ii.  120,  170,  600. 
Maddox,  Isaac,  i.  472. 
Makemie,  Francis,  i.  174. 
Malcolm,  Alexander,  i.  261. 

Daniel,  ii.  1S2. 
Mallard,  Thomas,  i.  49. 
Mallet,  Mallett. 
Anne,  ii.  363. 
Nicholas,  ii.  363. 
Thomas,  i.  45,  ^g,  89,  94. 
Mallon,  Aaron  Parker,  ii.  600. 
Maltby,  Captain,  ii.  2S5. 
Malthus,  Thomas  Robert,  ii.  4S6. 

Mann, ,  i.  424. 

Alicia,  ii.  143,  144. 
Horace,  ii.  143. 
Manprelate,  Martin,  i.  301. 
Mansfield,  William  Murray,  Lord,  ii-.  357. 
Marett,  Marrett. 

Philip,  ii.  593,  609. 
Marion,  Edward,  ii.  61. 
John,  ii.  154. 
Sara,  ii.  154. 
Markham,  William,  i.  Si. 
Marlborough,  Duchess  of,  i.  3S7. 

Duke  of,  i.  199. 
Marriner,  Andrew,  i.  8g,  92. 
Priscilla,  i.  g2. 
Ruth,  i.  92. 
Marriot,  Mariot,  Mariott,  IMarriett,  Marriott. 
Powers,  i.  477,  524,  549  ;  ii.  119,  121,  123, 

16S,  170,  239,  586,  589,  607. 
See  Merritt. 
Marshall,  Francis,  i.  117. 
Marston,  John,  ii.  322,  329,  594. 
Martin,  George,  i.  229,  232. 
Josiah,  i.  477;  ii.  607. 
Robert,  i.  260. 
William,  ii.  48. 
Martineau,  James,  ii.  245. 
Mary,  Queen  of  England,  i.  xiii,  xvii,  61,  66, 
SS,    100,    103,    121-124,     141,     14S,    166, 
226,    2S2,    342,   361,   3S6,   439,  444,   451; 
ii.  250,  300,  351,  616. 
Sec  Orange. 
Mascareen,  Mascarene,  Mascrcen,  Maskeren, 
Masquerine,  Masscareene. 
Elizabeth,  i.  232. 

Jean  Paul,  i.  igg,  211,  229,  232,  335,  336, 
350,  352,  3''0>  549 ;  "•  52,  122, 153,  170, 
214.  239.  .13'.  354,  5S6,  597,  606. 
Mrs.,  ii.  52,  327,  329, 
John,  i.  232;   ii.  77,   12c,  153,  322,  327, 
32S,  597- 


66o 


INDEX   OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


Masham,  Abigail  (Hill),  i.  199,  233. 
Mason,  Mr.,  i.  240. 
Charles,  ii.  374. 
John,  i.  12,  39,  43,  44,  53,  56. 
Meriah,  ii.  157. 
Robert,  i.  73. 
Massasoit,  ii.  252. 
Master,  Mr.,  i.  211. 
Jane,  i.  56. 

Mather, ,  i.  32,  119,  139,  176,  179,  240. 

Cotton,  i.  3-6,  10,  14,  21,  28,  47,  48,  56, 
59,  66,  67,  71,  72,  80,  85,  91,  96,  98, 
103,  105,  107,  108,  128,  173,  200,  205, 
206,  208,  210,  211,  251,  255,  263,  267, 
270,  271,  273,  275,  276,  278,  279,  281, 
296,  301,  311,  312,  315,  342,  345,  363, 
364,  406,  409,  441,  449;  ii.  55,  563. 
Increase,  i.  10,  41,  64,  66,  67,  72,  -j-x,,  78, 
86,  96, 100,  103,  107,  120,  128, 138,  139, 
149,  154,  155,  191,  208,  225,  272-274, 
276,  277,  279,  2S1,  285,  304,  311,  312, 
315,  322,  362,  394,  406,  439,  482;  ii. 
242,  255,  334. 
Lydia,  i.  91. 
Nathaniel,  i.  21. 
Richard,  ii.  242. 
Samuel,  i.  304,  499 ;  ii.  293. 
Mathews,  Phillip,  i.  230. 
Sear,  i.  211. 
Thomas,  i.  230,  233. 
Matson,  Nathaniel,  i.  247. 
Maule,  Thomas,  i.  48. 
Maverick,  Mavericke. 
Nathaniel,  i.  14. 
Rebecca,  i.  14. 
Samuel,  i.  xix,  14^  24,  29. 
Maxwell,  Captain,  i.  265. 

May, ,  i.  1S8. 

Ebenezer,  ii.  483. 
John,  ii.  419,  483. 

Joseph,  ii.  175,  176,  321,  324,  326,  327, 

329-  38I'  383.  402,  407,  416,  423,  425, 

426,  430,  434,  447,  464.  483-4S5,  487, 

5S9,  590,  595-597,  604,  60S,  616,  622. 

Samuel,  ii.  4S4,  4S6,  590. 

Samuel  Joseph,  ii.  383,  397,  469,  485,  540, 

541- 
Mayhew,  Experience,  ii.  252,  253. 

John,  ii.  253. 

Jonathan,  i.  341,  349,  473,  518;  ii.  20, 
146,  218,  219,  241,  243-246,  251,  253- 
255,  257,  259,  260-273,  279,  294. 

Thomas,  ii.  252,  253. 

Zachary,  ii.  253. 
Mayo,  Simeon,  ii.  322,  325,  329,  591. 
Mayor,  John  Eyton  Bickersteth,  i.  157. 
Mears,  Meeres,  Meers. 

James,  i.  89,  137. 

Robert,  i.  94. 
Meinzie.     See  Menzies. 

Melling,  Colonel,  ii.  294.  [605. 

Melross,  William,  i.  201,  202,  232,  235 ;  ii.  603, 


Menzies,  Meinzie. 

John,  i.  396. 

William,  i.  231. 
Mercer,  Alexander  Gardiner,  i.  492. 
Merrett.     See  Merritt. 
Merriam,  Charles,  ii.  590. 
Merrick,  Pliny,  ii.  443. 
Merrill,  Mr.,  i.  240. 

Abraham,  i.  254. 

John,  i.  255. 
Merritt,  Merrett,  Merrit. 

John,  i.  396,  427,  432,  435,  484,  4S7.491, 
499;  ii.  607. 

Powers,  i.  524. 

See  Marriot. 
Merwin,  Elias,  ii.  538. 
Messenger,  Messinger,  Mesinger. 

Ebenezer,  ii.  167,  168. 

Henry,  i.  235. 

Mehitable,  i.  235. 

Thomas,  i.  109,  iii. 
Metcalfe,  Richard,  i.  230. 
Mewlas,  Frances,  i.  267. 

Hercules,  i.  267. 
Michell,  Captain,  ii.  100. 

John,  i.  16. 
Micmac  Indians,  ii.  345. 
Mico,  John,  i.  235. 

Mary,  i.  201,  231,  235. 
Mifflin,  George  Harrison,  ii.  xxiii. 

Thomas,  Mrs.,  ii.  297. 
Milburne,  Jacob,  i.  143. 
Milleney,  Mr.,  i.  197. 
Miller,  Millar. 

Mr.,  i.  227. 

Charles,  ii.  322,  323,  326-329,  331,  464, 
485.  594)  597,  604,  608. 

Ebenezer,  i.  258,  259,  2S5,  364,  456,  457, 
528;  ii.  20,  22,  72,  108,  123,  169,  184, 
25S,  381. 

Edward,  ii.  591,  609. 

Martha,  i.  258. 

Rebecca,  i.  258,  285. 

Samuel,  i.  258. 

Samuel  Ridgway,  ii.  591. 

William,  ii.  325,  608. 
Milles.     See  Myles. 

Mills,  Charles  Henry,  ii.  516,  589,  597,  604, 
609. 

Charles  James,  ii.  555,  612. 

Edward,  i.  192,  193,  211,  227,231,  235, 
239,  242,  261,  266,  352,  360,  396;  ii. 
603,  606. 

James  Kellogg,  ii.  598,609. 

John,  i.  116,  235, 

Mehitable,  i.  235. 
Milton,  John,  i.  24;  ii.  270. 
Minns,  Thomas,  ii.  viii,  398,  591,  594,  633. 
Minot,  Minott. 

Christopher,  ii.  160. 

Francis,  ii.  364,  366. 

George,  i.  93;  ii.  329,  364. 


INDEX   OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


66 1 


Minot,  Minott  {continued). 

George  Richards,!,  xi,  93;  ii.  viii,  274, 
319,  322,  325,  33S,  339,  343,  364,  366, 
380,  381,  479,  562,  591,  608. 

Hannah,  ii.  364. 

James,  i.  92. 

Jane,  ii.  364. 

John,  ii.  364. 

Jonas  Clark,  ii.  364. 

Louisa,  ii.  364. 

Mary,  i.  93  ;  ii.  364. 

Mehitabel,  Mehitable,  i.  92,  235. 

Sarah,  ii.  364. 

Stephen,  i.  89, 137,  235  ;  ii.  319,  364,  366. 

Susan  Inman,  ii.  364. 

Thomas,  ii.  364. 

William,  ii.  viii,  364,  366-368,  398,  434, 
473i  4S4.  5^3)  564.  590,  591,  6co,  604, 
609. 
Monctton,  Robert,  ii.  133. 
Monk,  Monck. 

George,  i.  89,  91,  135,  316,  317,  324,  334, 

352- 

James,  i.  549  ;  ii.  586. 
Monmouth,  Duke  of,  i.  51,  233. 
Montague,  Montagu. 

Duke  of,  i.  399. 

Lord,  ii.  51. 

John  (Admiral),  ii.  225. 

William,  i.  325  ;  ii.  154,  393. 
Montrath,  Charles,  Earl  of,  i.  141. 
Moody,  Moode,  Moodey. 

John,  ii.  162,  187,  314,  322,  328,  594. 

Joshua,  i.  40,  41,  65,  71,  78,  83,  106,  108. 

Paul,  ii.  526. 
Moore,  More. 

Thorowgood,  i.  174. 

William,  ii.  166-168. 
Moorhead,  John,  i.  483;  ii.  293. 
Moreau,  Nicholas,  i.  60. 
Morell,  William,  i.  3. 
Morgan,  Justice,  i.  60. 

Daniel,  Mrs.,  ii.  297. 

John,  ii.  319. 
Morison,  John  Hopkins,  ii.  501,  509,  513. 
Morpeth,  Lord,  ii.  456. 
Morris,  Morice,  Morrice. 

Captain,  i.  435. 

Colonel,  i.  256. 

Rev.  Mr.,  i.  3S7. 

Widow,  ii.  585. 

Charles,  i.  517. 

George,  i.  211. 

Lewis,  i.  250. 

William,  ii.  351. 
Morse,  Morss. 

Benjamin  Eddy,  ii.  600. 

Harriet  Jackson,  ii.  600. 

James,  i.  215,  256  ;  ii.  377. 

Jedediah,  ii.  621. 

John  Torrey,  Mrs.,  ii.  600. 

John  Torrey,  Jr.,  ii.  590. 

Samuel  Torrey,  ii.  596. 


Mortier,  A.,  ii.  170. 
Morton,  Charles,  i.  118. 

Marcus,  ii.  431. 

Nathaniel,  i.  8. 

Perez,  ii.  294,  318,  319,  321,  324,  329, 
330,  381,  58S,  608. 

Thomas,  i.  14. 
Mossom,   David,  i.  260,  262,  318,  333,  337- 

340,  392,  453- 
Motley,  Edward,  ii.  593,  610. 

John  Lothrop,  ii.  463. 

Thomas,  ii.  463,  594,  600. 
Mottram,  Martha,  i.  258. 

Thomas,  i.  258. 
Moultrie,  William,  ii.  563. 
Mountfort,  Mountforth,  Mumford,  Munford. 

Mr.,  i.  466. 

Benjamin,  i.  xvii,  xix,  89,  93,  in,  112, 
117,  120,  121,  123,  127,  133,  134,  177; 
ii.  603,  605. 

Eben.,  i.  211,  239. 

Edmund,  i.  93. 

Elizabeth  Carwithy,  i.  93. 

Henry,  i.  93. 

Rebecca,  i.  93. 

Ruth,  i.  93. 

Mucklewain, ,  ii.  585. 

Muirson,  George,  i.  170  ;  ii.  151. 
Mullin,  Mullins. 

Richard,  i.  230,  233. 
Mumford,  Munford.     See  Mountfort. 
Mun,  Theobald,  i.  245. 
Murray,  Alexander,  i.  220;  ii.  229. 
Myles,  Miles,  Milles. 

Ann,  i.  122,  201,  231,  365-367,  370; 
ii.  421. 

Anne,  i.  367. 

Daniel,  i.  98. 

John,  i.  97,  98,  366,  367. 

Joy,  i.  19. 

Katharine,  i.  366. 

Margaret,  i.  366. 

Nelson  Appleton,  i.  98. 

Recompence,  i.  19. 

Samuel,  i.  xii-xv,  xix,  87,  88,  97-100, 
102,  104,  105,  110-114,  120-123,  125- 

129,  131-136,  140,  151,  153.  156-169, 
174-177,  185-187,  189,  T90,  192,  194- 
197,  200,  201,  211,  212,  215,  217,  221, 
226,  231,  235,  239-244,  24S,  254,  256, 
258,  261,  265,  266,  269,  291,  294,  310, 
312,  315-317,  320,  322,  324,  326,  327, 
329-331,  334,  336-339,  342,  343,  345- 
348,  350,  352-373,  375,  377,  381,  384, 
394,422,  425,  447,  453,  527,  533;  ii. 
12-14,  21,  23,  351,  421,  602. 
Sarah,  ii.  421. 


N, 


ANFAN,  Bridges,  i.  143, 
Catherine,  i.  143. 
Nash,  Solon,  ii.  594. 


662 


INDEX   OF   PROPER   NAMES. 


Nason,  Elias,  i,  515,  517;  ii.  153,  156,  165. 
Nazro,  Nassarow,  Nasaro,  Nassaro. 
Hannah,  ii.  75. 
Lazarus,  ii.  75. 

Matthew,  Mathew,  i.  265;   ii.  75,  154, 
323,  327,  32S,  331,  381,  387,  390,  5S5, 
598. 
Stephen,  ii.  75. 
Needham,  Neadam. 
Mrs.,  i.  203. 
William,  i.  70. 
Neale,  Thomas,  i.  131. 
Necomb,  Daniel,  ii.  303. 
Nell,  Margaret,  ii.  75. 
Nelson,  Elizabeth,  i.  181. 

John,  i.  xviii,  xix,  69,  85,  89,   159,  160, 
164,  166,  174,   175,  177-181,  224,  239, 
265;  ii.  143,  586,603,  605. 
Paschal,  ii.  126. 
Robert,  i.  218. 
William,  i.  181. 
Netmaker,  John,  i.  216. 
Newcastle,  Baron  of,  i.  267. 

Duke  of,  i.  343,  353,  398,  414,  529;  ii. 
99,  129,  246. 
Newell,  Thomas,  ii.  2S5. 
Newgate,  Neudicate,  Newdicate,  Newdigate, 
Nudigate. 
John,  i.  93,  240. 
Nathaniel,  i.  72,  89,  93;  ii.  605. 
Sarah,  i.  72. 
Newhall,  Timothy,  ii.  220. 
Newman,  Mr.,  i.  134,  212. 

Henry,  i.  226,  227. 
Newton,  Edward  Augustus,  i.  182. 
Gilbert  Stuart,  ii.  482. 
Isaac,  ii.  374. 

Thomas,  i.  xix,  72,   117,   133,  134,  160, 
175,  178,  182,  1S3,  201,  202,  239,  242, 
265;  ii.  523,  5S6,  603,  605. 
Nichols,  Nicholls. 

Mr.,  i.  167,  169;  ii.  288. 
Rev.  Mr.,  ii.  287. 
Benjamin  Ropes,  ii.  594. 
Benjamin  White,  ii.  594. 
Henry,  i.  194. 
Joanna,  i.  233. 
John,  i.  331,  349,  378,  392. 
Nathaniel,  i.  233. 
Perkins,  ii.  600. 
Richard,  i.  29. 
Nicholson  Francis,  i.  xiv,  xvii,  xix,  60-62, 
70,  90,   104,   112,   135,  136,   159,  162,  175, 
19S-200,  215-219,  222,  224-226,  229,  232, 
239,  241-243,  250,  253,  255,  257,  258,  260, 
264,   270,    322,    334,    340,   346,   352,   358, 
370,  371,    410,    420,  448,  550;   ii.  13,  51, 
562. 
Niles,  Samuel,  i.  199. 
Ninaagret,  Ninnigret. 

Charles   Augustus   (Indian   Sachem),   i. 
411. 
Norcross,  Otis,  ii.  595. 


Norman, ,  ii.  596. 

Rebecca,  i.  260. 
Norridgewock  Indians,  ii.  128. 
North,  Lord,  ii.  201,  303,  304,  311. 

James  William,  ii.  149. 

Stephen,  i.  230,  240. 
Northampton,  Earl  of,  i.  166. 
Northumberland,  Duke  of,  ii.  288. 
Norton,  Andrews,  ii.  414. 

Elizabeth,  i.  480. 

John,  i.  28,  29;  ii.  35. 

Mary,  i.  34,  70;  ii.  35,  417. 
Nourse, ,  i.  183. 

Elizabeth  Martigini  Whittredge,  ii.  591. 

Joel,  Mrs.,  ii.  594. 
Nudicate,  Nudigate.    See  Newgate. 


O. 


'AKES,  Urian,  i.  279. 
Oakey,  Sally  Williams,  ii.  482. 
Oberine,  John,  i.  462. 
Oborne,  John,  ii.  605. 
Odlin,  Elisha,  i.  72. 
O'Donoghue,  Henry  O'B.,  ii.  348. 
Offlay,  Amelia,  ii.  206. 

Stephen,  ii.  206. 
Ogden,  John  Cosens,  ii.  393. 
Ogle,  Challoner,  i.  388, 
Oldmixion,  John,  i.  251. 
Oliver,  Olivier. 

,  ii-  153- 

,  "  the  carpenter,"  ii.  75. 

Andrew,  ii.  54,  55,  58,  60,  171,  196,  202, 
209,  210,  298,  339. 

Ebenezer,  ii.  175,  321,  324,  329,  3S1,  397, 
407,  423,  425,  43o>  447,  464,  485,  5^8, 
596,  604,  608,  616,  619. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  47. 

Fitch  Edward,  i.  74. 

Francis  Johonnot,  ii.  338,  473,  484,  604, 
609. 

Mary,  ii.  75. 

Nathaniel,  i.  69. 

Peter,  i.  14,  42,  70,  81. 

Susan,  ii.  597. 

Thomas,  ii.  47,  168,  177,  282,  294,  295. 

Thomas  Fitch,  i.  261  ;  ii.  337-339>  393- 

William  Hutchinson,  ii.  618. 
Onby,  Major,  i.  230. 
Onslow,  Arthur,  i.  146. 
Orange,  Princess  of,  i.  103. 

William,  Prince  of,  i.  103,  141,  167,  297; 
ii.  254. 

See  Mary ;  William. 
Orme,  Robert,  ii.  134. 
Ormond,  Duke  of,  i.  94, 
Orr,  John,  ii.  166. 
Osborn,  Osborne. 

Danvers,  ii.  198. 

Sarah,  i.  93. 

See  Oborne. 


INDEX   OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


663 


Osgood,  Isaac  Peabody,  i.  545. 

James  Ripley,  i.  xi. 

Mary  Ann,  i.  545. 

Peter,  ii.  443. 

Samuel,  ii.  2,  8,  616. 
Otis,  Eliza  Henderson,  ii.  593. 

George  Alexander,  ii.  596,  597. 

Harrison  Gray,  ii.   2SS,   33S,   423,   47S, 

537,  593- 
James,  ii.  iii,  152,  19S,  207,  209,  21S, 

219,  3i°>  33S- 

Joseph,  ii.  322,  327,  329,  595. 
Oulton,  Gultons. 

Miss,  ii.  326. 

Ann,  ii.  596. 

John,  i.  177,  202,  211,  231,  239,  242,  244, 
549  ;  ii.  5S6,  603,  605. 
Overing,  Henrietta,  ii.  153. 

John,  i.  269,  547;  ii.  153,  606. 
Ovid,  ii.  33. 
Owen,  Thomas,  i.  14. 
Oxenden,  George,  i.  367. 
Oxford,  Bishop  of,  ii.  244-246,  257,  274, 


r  ACKER,  Elizabeth,  ii.  159. 
Paddock,  Adino,  i.  2S3,  294-296. 
Paddon,  George,  i.  230,  233. 
Page,  Catharine,  i.  48. 
Paget,  Lord,  i.  245. 

Paige,  James  William,  ii.  470,  600,  609,  610, 
614,616. 

Nicholas,  i.  89. 
Paine,  Pain,  Payne. 

,  ii.  476. 

Elijah,  ii.  443. 

Hannah,  ii.  531. 

John,  ii.  1S5. 

Rebecca,  ii.  479. 

Thomas,  i.  104. 

William,  ii.  402. 
Palfrey,  John  Gorham,i.  4,  10,  12,  19,  41,  43, 
100,  106,  107,  145,  174,  183,  234,  245, 
247i  286,  353,  363,  380,  39S,  399,  529; 
ii.  287,  458,  488. 

William,  ii.  297. 
Palin,  James,  i.  265. 

Palliere,  ,  ii.  587. 

Palmer,  John,  i.  59,  106,  260. 

Joseph  Pearse,  ii.  325. 

Thomas,  i.  366. 
Paracelsus,  ii.  148. 
Park,  Colonel,  i.  62. 

John,  ii.  600. 
Parker,  Rev.  Mr.,  i.  543. 

Arthur  Cortlandt,  ii.  555,  611. 

Charles  Henry,  i.  486. 

Daniel,  ii.  291. 

Francis  Edward,  ii.  591. 

Harvey  Drury,  ii.  594. 

Isaac,  ii.  431. 


Parker  {co»timied), 
Jacob,  ii.  11 1. 
James,  i.  17;  ii.  591. 
John,  i.  200;  ii.  75. 
Nathan,  ii.  377. 
Robert,  ii.  162,  590. 
Samuel,  i.  492;  ii.  303,  306-309,346,  351, 

352,  373,  376,  380,  393- 
Sanuiel  Dunn,  ii.  431. 
Scollay,  ii.  614. 
Theodore,  ii.  35,  517. 
William,  ii.  599. 
William  Whitwell,  ii.  614. 
Parkman,  Elias,  ii.  617. 
Eliza,  ii.  594. 

Elizabeth  WiHard,  ii.  530. 
Francis,  ii.  133-135,  139,  141,   256,  488, 

499,  525- 

George  Francis,  ii.  594. 

John,  ii.  595. 

John  Eliot,  ii.  614. 

Mary  Russell,  ii.  595. 

Samuel,  ii.  530. 

Sarah,  ii.  530. 

Susan,  ii.  595. 

Theodore,  ii.  555,  6ii. 

William,  ii.  617. 
Parmeter,  John,  i.  89. 

Judith,  i.  92. 
Parr,  Samuel,  ii.  362. 
Parris,  Alexander,  ii.  116. 

Samuel,  i.  119. 
Parsons,  Georgianna  Brackett,  ii.  596. 

Joseph,  i.  305. 

William,  ii.  596. 
Partridge,  Patridge. 

Captain,  ii.  95. 

Mary,  i.  418. 

William,  i.  240. 
Patten,  Pattin,  Patton,  Pattons. 

Captain,  ii.  170,  200. 

Wentworth,  ii.  605. 

William,  i.  352,  373,456;  "•  595,  596. 
Patterson,  Paterson,  Patisson,  Pattenson. 

James,  i.  402;  ii.  420. 

Joseph  Wyman,  ii.  590. 

Roger,  i.  192,  21 1,  231,  240. 

See  Peterson. 
Pattin,  Patton.     See  Patten. 
Paul,  Hugh,  ii.  75. 
Paxton,  Paxto. 

Charles,  i.  498,  499,  524,  547  ;  ii.  43,  54, 
iiS,  123,  159,  160,  170,  208,  296,  310, 
312,  321,  324,  328,  585,  588,  591,  604, 
607,  619. 

Maria  Catharina,  ii.  160. 

Roger,  ii.  605. 

Wentworth,  i.  186,  193,  201,  232,  239. 
Payne.     See  Paine. 
Payson,  Mr.,  i.  72. 
Peabody,  Andrew  Preston,  i.   17;  ii,  vii,  viii, 

xiii,  373,459,  513,  574,  575- 
Anna  Huidekoper,  ii.  499. 


664 


INDEX    OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


Peabody  {continued) . 

Elizabeth  Palmer,  ii.  462. 

Ellen  Derby,  li.  499. 

Emily  Morison,  ii,  499. 

Ephraim,  i.  viii,  x;  ii.  vii,  451,  458,  459, 
467,  490,  492-494,  496-502,  504-519, 
524,  525,  528,  529,  540,  542,  545,  546, 
551,  552,  559,  564-575,602. 

Francis  Greenwood,  ii.  499,  564. 

George  Derby,  ii.  499. 

Joseph  Augustus,  ii.  588. 

Louisa,  ii,  588. 

Mary  Jane,  ii.  499. 

Oliver  White,  ii,  591,610. 

Rebecca,  ii.  480, 

Robert  Swain,  i.  x,  244;  ii.  499. 

Samuel,  ii.  499. 
Peach,  R.  E.  M.,  ii.  127, 
Pearce,  David,  ii.  595. 

Zachary,  i.  413;  ii.  371. 

See  Peirce,  Pierce. 
Pearne,  William,  ii.  606. 
Pearson, ,  i,  335. 

John  Howard,  ii,  593,  [592,  607, 

Thomas,  i,  549;  ii,  119,   121,  239,  5S6, 

See  Pierson. 
Pease,  Richard  Luce,  ii.  253. 
Peassie,  John,  i.  231. 
Peck,  William,  ii.  185. 
Pecker,  John,  ii.  617. 
Pedgeon,  Pegion.     See  Pigeon. 
Peirce,  Benjamin,  ii.  543. 

Henry  Augustus,  ii,  600. 

James,  i.  210. 

Levi,  ii.  597. 

See  Pearce,  Pierce. 
Peirson,  Pereson. 

Captain,  ii.  327,  598. 

Eliz.,  ii.  327. 

John,  i.  230. 
Pelagius,  i.  475. 
Pelham,  Pellham. 

Helena,  ii.  537. 

Henry,  ii.  85. 

Peter,  i.  397,  549;  ii.  11,23,  537. 

William,  ii.  422-425,  430,  593. 
Pemberton, ,  ii.  419. 

Benjamin,  i.  394. 

Ebenezer,  i.  151,  270,  278,  279,  289;   ii. 

230,  536- 
Thomas,  i.  105 
Pepperell,  Pepperrell. 
Elizabeth,  ii.  161. 
Mary,  i.  481  ;  ii.  125. 
William,  ii.  50,  124,  125,  134,  136,    161, 
162,  311,  314. 
Pepys,  Samuel,  i.  68. 
Percy,  Piercy. 

Hugh,  Earl,  ii.  155,  283,  287,  288,  311. 
Perkins,  Augustus  Thorndike,  ii.  76,  144,  359, 
362. 
Caroline,  ii.  362. 


Perkins  {continued). 

Catherine  Callender,  ii.  530. 

Elizabeth  Jones,  ii.  598, 

Helen  Amory,  ii.  530,  600. 

James,  i,  232,250;  ii.  536. 

James  Amory,  ii.  530,  554,  611. 

Jane  Frances,  ii,  363. 

John,  ii.  354, 

Nathaniel,  ii.  369, 

Robert  Shaw,  ii,  530. 

Samuel,  ii.  530. 

Samuel  Gardner,  ii,  598. 

Thomas,  i.  232,  607. 

Thomas  Handasyd,  ii.  362,  3634  536,  596, 
598. 

William,  ii.  530,  600,  610. 

William  Edward,  ii.  530,  614. 
Perrier,  John,  i.  265. 
Perry, ,  i.  424. 

Elizabeth,  i.  232. 

Joanna,  i.  206. 

William,  ii.  296. 

William  Stevens,  i.  x,  16,  38,  52,  97, 113, 
162,  331;  ii.  229,  267,  268. 
Peters,  Mr.,  i.  230. 

Jonathan,  ii.  303. 

Samuel  Andrew,  ii.   176,  192,  299,  303, 

3°4,  347- 

Peterson, ,  i.  133. 

See  Patterson. 
Pew,  Jonathan,  i.  549;  ii.  587. 
Phesy.     See  Vesey. 
Philalethes,  i.  306. 
Philip,  King,  i.  90,  98,  118,  396;  ii.  252,  253, 

531- 
Phillips,  Philips,  Philipps. 
Captain,  ii.  87,  123. 
Colonel,  ii.  203. 
Governor,  ii.  51. 
Lieutenant-General,  i.  232. 
Anna  Tucker,  ii.  596. 
Benjamin,  ii.  296. 
Gillam,  i.  324,  403,  406. 
Jacob,  i.  260. 

John,  i.  129,  232,  250;  ii.  220. 
Nicholas,  i.  549. 
Samuel,  i.  153,  203. 
Thomas,  i.  265,  267,  334,  350,  352,  355, 

358,  360,  370,  401.  549;   ii-  587,  603, 

606. 
Turner,  ii.  595. 
Wendell,  ii.  473. 
William,  ii.  175,  220. 
Phips,  David,  ii.  177,  295,  29S. 
Elizabeth,  ii.  46. 

Spencer,  i.  549;  ii.  46,  106,  251,  298. 
William,!.  72,  78,  115,  128,  139,  1S2;  ii. 

106. 
Pickering,  Edward,  i.  xi;   ii.  564,  600,  604, 

610. 
Octavius,  ii.  479,  596. 
Timothy,  ii.  355. 


INDEX   OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


665 


Pierce,  Lieutenant,  ii.  283. 

Edward  Lillie,  ii.  456. 

Henry  Lillie,  ii.  591. 

Isaac,  ii.  617. 

John,  ii.  1S9,  401,  402,  407,  443. 

Levi,  ii.  608. 

Moses,  ii.  617. 

Richard,  i.  ';2- 

See  Pearce,  Peirce. 
Piercy.     See  Percy. 
Pierpont,  John,  ii.  467. 
Pierson,  Abraham,  i.  313. 

See  Pearson. 
Pigeon,  Pedgeon,  Pegion,  Pidgeon,  Pigon. 

David,  1.  199,  211,  229,  232,  233. 

Henry,  ii.  61. 

John,  ii.  61,  298. 

Walter,  ii.  61. 
Pigott,  Piggot,  Pigot. 

Mr.,  i.  169. 

George,  i.  261,  262,  313,  33S,  364,  403, 
412,415,447;  ii.  3. 

Robert,  ii.  283. 
Pike,  John,  i.  354. 
Pilot,  Pillet,  Pilots. 

,  ii.  587. 

John,  i.  354,  402. 
Pinckney,  Pinkney. 

Frances,  ii.  476. 

John,  ii.  476. 

William,  ii.  477. 
Pitcairn,  John,  ii.  311,  319. 
Pitt,  William,  ii.  127,  19S,  211. 
Pitts,  Pytts. 

Catherine,  i.  143. 

James,  ii.  11 1. 

John,  i.  250. 

Samuel,  i.  144. 
Plant,  Matthias,  i.   256,  26S,  318,  23ji  337, 

338.  340.  364,  418,  419,  448. 
Poignand,  Poignard. 

,  ii-  325.  591- 

David,  ii.  591. 
Points.     See  Poyntz. 
Pollard,  Benjamin,  i.  250. 

Jonathan,  ii.  325. 
Pope,  Alexander,  ii.  82. 
Popham,  George,  i.  2. 

John,  i.  2. 
Pormort,  Philemon,  ii.  620. 
Portage,  Pordage. 

Elizabeth,  i.  91. 

George,  i.  89. 

Hannah,  i.  91. 
Porter,  Jacob,  ii.  322,  326,  329,  381,  595. 

James,  ii.  295. 
Porteus,  Beilby,  ii.  273. 
Portland,  Henry,  Duke  of,  i.  388. 
Potter,  Henry  Codman,  i.  492. 

John,  ii.  6. 
Povey,  Thomas,  i.   159,  160,  174,  17S,  1S5  ; 
ii.  605. . 


Powell,  Powel. 

Captain,  i.  229. 

Anne,  ii.  154. 

Catherine,  ii.  147. 

Jeremiah,  i.  250. 

John,  i.  211,  231,  240,  269,  352,  360:  ii. 
99,  123,  154,  171,  296,  312,  322,  328, 
586,  591,  606,  607. 

William,  ii.  147,  344. 
Powers,  Edward,  ii.  327. 
Pownall,  George,  ii.  195. 

Harriet,  ii.  201. 

John,  ii.  195. 

Mary,  ii.  195,  [201,  562. 

Thomas,  ii.  69,  179,  186,  194,  195,  198- 

William,  ii.  195. 
Poyer,  Elizabeth,  i.  171. 

Thomas,  i.  171. 
Poyntz,  Points. 

Sarah,  ii.  5S7,  594. 
Praelaticus,  i.  305. 
Pratt,  Prat. 

Benjamin,  ii.  157,  170,  592. 

Charles,  ii.  357. 

George  Williams,  ii.  601,  610. 
Mrs.,  ii.  154. 

Henry  Clay,  ii.  562. 

Mary,  ii.  597. 

Samuel,  i.  200. 

William,  ii.  328,  474,  5S9,  597,  609,  614. 
Prentiss,  Thomas,  ii.  537. 
Prescott,  Prescot. 

Abigail,  ii.  591. 

Ann,  ii.  122. 

Jonathan,  ii.  47,  120,  122,  1S4. 

Mary,  ii.  47,  122. 

Samuel  Jackson,  ii.  5SS,  594. 

William,  ii.  431,  434. 

William  Hickling,  ii.  443. 
Preston,  John,  ii.  590. 

Thomas,  ii.  157,  192,  312, 
Price,  Major,  ii.  203. 

Andrew,  i.  543,  545,  546. 

Catherine,  i.  3S8. 

Cornelius,  i.  388. 

Elizabeth,  i.  232,  3S7,  38S,  424,  515,  518, 
543-546. 

Ezekiel,  ii.  344. 

Henry  Yelverton,  i.  543,  544. 

Isabella,  i.  387. 

James,  i.  543. 

John,  i.  387,  388,  543.       ■ 

Jonathan,  ii.  607. 

Mary,  i.  388,  543. 

Mary  Ann,  i.  543,  545. 

Olivia,  i.  545. 

Philadelphia,  i.  388. 

Richard,  ii.  372. 

Roger,  Rodger,  i.  x",  xviii,  xix,  264, 
3S1,  3S2,  3S4-388,  390-392,  395,  397, 
399-401,  403-405,  40S,  409,  411-414, 
418,  421-426,  430,  431-434,  436-438, 


666 


INDEX   OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


Price,  Roger,  Rodger  {cojit'miied). 

455-457,  461,  463,  464,  467,  468,  470, 
471,  477,  478,  480,  483,  485-491,  493, 
494,  496-500,  502-504,  506,  510,  515- 

523,  525,  526,  52S-535,  538-546,  548, 
549;  ii.  I,  II,  13-19,  21,  23,  24,  43,  44, 
187,  18S,  225,  235,  262,  419,  602. 

Sarah,  i.  366,  367,  3S8;  ii.  421,  422. 

Susannah,  i.  3S8. 

Thomas,  i.  388,  431,  543,  544. 

William,  i.  58,  204,  212,  214,  269,  325, 
352,  366,  367,  3S7,  3SS,  463,  481,  4S4, 
485,  51S,  529,  536,  541-545;  ii- vi,  xii, 
120,  122,  123,  170,  239,  323,  420-423, 

425-431,  433,  434,  436-440,  442,  55S, 
590,  607. 
Priestly,  Joseph,  ii.  458. 
Prhmis,  William  (negro),  i.  523. 
Prince,  Princ. 

Anna  Storer  Coolidge,  ii.  5S9. 

Job,  ii.  295. 

John,  ii.  377. 

Nathan,  i.  302. 

Thomas,!.  153,  279;  ii.  20,  114,252,333, 

341- 
Proctor,  Procter,  Proctour. 

Mr.,  i.  45. 

Edward,  ii.  61. 

Obadiah,  i.  232. 
Prout,  Joseph,  i.  19S. 
Provost,  Provoost. 

Samuel,  ii.  374,  385,  387. 
Prussia,  King  of,  ii.  146. 
Pue,  Jonathan,  i.  390,  547;  ii.  t,^,  54,  118, 

606. 
Pulling,  Pullin. 

Richard,  i.  211,  231,  235,  240. 
Pulsifer,  David,  i.  292. 
Pusey,  Caleb,  i.  157. 
Putnam,  Catherine,  ii.  591. 

Edmund,  ii.  59S. 

George,  ii.  500,  521,  526. 

Israel,  i.  116. 

John  Chandler,  ii.  598,  615. 

John  Pickering,  ii.  593,  599. 

Samuel,  ii.  431. 

William  Lowell,  ii.  5 28. 
Pynchon,  John,  ii.  152. 
Pyrrhus,  ii.  133. 
Pytts.    See  Pitts. 


(JUICK,  Alice,  i.  549;  ii.  119,   158,  16S, 
170,  186,  239,  587,  598. 

Richard,  i.  265. 
Quincy,  Edmund,  i.  448  ;  ii.  29S,  463. 

Josiah,  i.  310,  313,  345-347,  516;  ii.  529, 

591- 
Josiah  Phillips,  ii.  353. 
Samuel,  ii.  353. 
Samuel  Miller,  ii.  615. 


R. 


AE.     See  Ray. 
Rainey,  Thomas,  ii.  171. 
Raisin,  Raison,  Rassen. 

Elizabeth,  i.  91. 

George,  i.  89,  91,  117. 
Raleigh,  Walter  (Sir),  i.  2. 
Rame,  Elizabeth,  i.  333. 
Rand,  Benjamin,  ii.  424. 

Edward  Sprague,  ii.  589. 

Isaac,  ii.  291,  325. 
Randall,  Randell,  Randoll,  Ranndle,  Randle. 

Mr.,  i.  56,  197;  ii.  123. 

William,  i.  265,  335,  350,  352,  360,  390, 
401,  402,  549;  ii.  586,  603,  606. 
Randolph,  Edmund,  i.  56. 

Edward,  i.  xiii,  xix,  33-41,  43-47,  50,  51, 
53-56,  66,  67,  69,  76,  -^T,  79,  So,  S2, 
84-86,  89,  96,  97,  106,  149;  ii.  335. 

Jane,  i.  36,  56. 
Ransor,  William,  ii.  305. 
Rassen.     See  Raisin. 
Ratcliffe,  Ratliff,  Ratcliff. 

Frances,  i.  267. 

Robert,  i.  xiii,  xix,  42-45,  49-51,  71,  72, 
75,  76,  78,  79,  81,  86-88,  96-99,  104, 
105,  267,  345  ;  ii.  602, 
Ravenscroft,  Rauenscroft. 

Dionysia,  i.  48. 

Samuel,  i.  xix,  44,  45,  48,  69,  86,  89,  90, 
102,  104,  105,  no,  112;  ii.  603. 
Ray,  Rae,  Rea. 

Mr.,  ii.  401. 

George,  ii.  79,  87,  89. 

John,  ii.  120, 
Rayton,  Mr.,  i.  201. 
Rea.     See  Ray. 
Read,  Reed. 

David,  ii.  515. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  153. 

George  Bowlend,  ii.  151,  152, 

Henrietta,  ii.  153. 

John,  i.  247,  334,  347,  354,  360,  432,  434, 
435,  462,  494,  532,  538,  539,  547  I  ii.  11, 
'5',  153,  585,  604,  606. 

William,  ii.  120,  152,  153,  322,  325,  328, 
331,  592,607. 
Reading,  Reddin,  Reddings,  Redin,  Reding. 

,  i.  204;  ii.  587. 

Colonel,  i.  199,  229,  232. 

Henry,  i.  214. 
Redfield,  Isaac  Fletcher,  ii.  440. 
Redknap,  Rednap. 

John,  i.  177,  178,  199,  211-214,  226,  227, 
230,  233  ;  ii.  605, 
Relly,  James,  ii.  336. 
Remington,  Abigail,  ii.  147. 
Renner,  Mr.,  i.  240. 

Renton, ,  ii.  ig. 

Revere,  Edward  Hutchinson  Robbins,  ii.  554, 
611. 

John,  ii.  610. 

Joseph  Warren,  ii.  592,  594,  622. 


INDEX   OF   PROPER   NAMES. 


66^ 


Revere  {continued). 

Maria  Amelia,  ii.  592. 

Paul,  ii.  356,  405,  616,  622,  623. 

Paul  Joseph,  ii.  554,  611. 
Reynolds,  Kcynollds. 

Edward,  ii.  537, 

Joshua  (Sir),  ii.  131,  626. 

William,  i.  503. 
Rhodes,  Henry,  ii.  596. 

Jos.,  ii.  170. 
Rice,  Arabella,  ii.  601. 

Charles  Baker,  1.  469. 

Charlotte,  ii.  601. 

See  Wrice. 
Rich,  James  Rogers,  i.  x;  ii.  596. 

Thomas  Phillips,  ii.  596,  610,  615. 
Richards,  James,  i.  92. 

Joanna,  i.  397. 

Mary,  i.  92. 

Thomas,  ii.  185. 
Richardson,  Elizabeth  Avery,  ii.  595. 

George  Carter,  i.  xi ;  ii.  5S9,  bo4,  610. 

Joseph,  ii.  162,  593. 

Maurice  Howe,  ii.  593. 

William,  ii.  274. 
Riddle,  Kiddell. 

Walter,  i.  192,  229,  232. 
Ridgeway,  James,  ii.  166. 
Rideout,  Ridout. 

William,  i.  457,  459. 
Riscarrick,  Elizabeth,  i.  153. 
Rivers,  Peter  (Sir),  i.  542. 
Robbins,  Chandler,  i.  326  ;  ii.  533,  543,  545. 

James  Murray,  i.  258. 

Lois,  ii.  543. 
Roberts,  Robarts. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  75. 

Nathan,  ii.  75. 

Nicholas,  i.  159,  164,  166,  177,  17S,  1S5, 
211,  231,  234;  ii.  603,  605. 

Peter,  ii.  36,  103,  167,  16S,  176,  1S5. 

Samuel,  ii.  75. 
Roberts  Brothers,  i.  xi ;  ii.  xxiii. 
Robertson,  Sarah,  i.  232. 
Robinson,  Robbinson,  Robison. 

"Esq"',"  i.  50. 

Abigail,  ii.  147. 

Frances,  i.  92. 

George  Dexter,  ii.  563. 

John,  i.  3,  172,  225,  320,  3S3  ;  ii.  338. 

Robert,  Robart,  i.  1 11,  112;  ii.  606. 

Thomas,  ii.  133-135. 

William,  ii.  147. 
Rochester,  Bishop  of,  i.  29S. 

Dean  of,  ii.  71. 
Roe.     See  Rowe. 
Rogers,  Elizabeth,  ii.  345. 

Gamaliel,  i.  505;  ii.  Si,  82. 

Henry  Bromfield,  ii.  589. 

Henry  Newman,  ii.  329,596. 

Nathaniel,  ii.  239. 

Richard,  i.  89. 

Samuel,  ii.  529. 


Rogers  {continued). 

Sarah,  ii.  530. 

William,  ii.  377. 
Rogerson,  Dr.  (Robert?),  ii,  401. 
Rollins,  Ebenezer,  ii.  600,  609. 

Eben  William,  ii.  600, 

Frances  Hicks,  ii.  600. 
Romaine,  William,  i.  206,  207. 
Rome,  Pope  of,  ii.  471. 
Kiimer,  William  Wolfgang,  i.  186. 
Roswell,  Benjamin,  Mrs.,  i.  230. 
Rounday,  John,  i.  260, 
Rouse,  Rous,  Rows. 

Mr.,  i.  269. 

Mrs.,  i.  335. 

Augustus    (Captain),    i.    201,  202,  231, 

235- 

William  (Captain),  i.  239,  247  ;  ii.  606. 
Madam,  i.  247. 
Rowe,  Roe. 

John,  i.  250  ;  ii.  220,  2S7,  307. 
Mrs.,  ii.  288. 

Mary,  i.  353. 

Peter,  i.  549;  ii.  119,  5S7. 

Stephen,  i.  xv,  487,  4S9,  494,  497,  525- 
527,  532;  ii-  23,  602. 

See  Wroe. 
Rowleson,  Mary,  i.  232. 
Rows.     See  Rouse. 
Royal,  Royall,  Ryall. 

,  ii.  162. 

Mr.,  ii.  170. 

Elizabeth,  i.  523  ;  ii.  161. 

Isaac,  i.  514,  523  ;  ii.  47,  120,  159,  161, 
170,  203,  298,  311,  314,  321,  324,  328, 
5S9,  607. 

Joseph,  ii.  119. 

Penelope,  ii.  47. 

William,  ii.  161. 
Ruddock,  AbielPen,  Mrs.,ii.  618. 

John,  ii.  220. 
Rudgate,  Robert,  i.  211. 
Ruggles,  George,  i.  549 ;  ii.  48,  120,  5S5. 
Mrs.,  ii.  29S. 

William,  ii.  325. 
Ruleau,  Rulleau,  Rullow. 

Stephen,  i.  477,  524. 

William,  i.  476,  524;  ii.  37,239. 
Rupert,  Prince,  i.  63. 
Russell,  Russel. 

Cabot  Jackson,  ii.  555,  611. 

Chambers,  i.  249. 

Francis  Lowell  Dutton,  ii.  554,  612. 

John,  i.  260  ;  ii.  47. 

Joseph,  ii.  102,  166,  241. 

Mary  Ann  Palfrey,  ii.  594. 

Noadiah,  i.  56,  98. 

Samuel  Hammond,  ii.  594,  604,  610. 

Warren  Dutton,  ii.  554,  611. 
Rust,  Nancy  Elwell,  ii.  592. 

William  Augustus,  ii.  592. 
Rutley,  D.,  i.  266. 
Ryall.     See  Royal. 


668 


INDEX    OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


OABINE,  Lorenzo,  ii.  121,   15S,  159,  192, 

299.  310.  33S,  363- 
Sacheverell,  Henry,  i.  205. 
Sadler,  Elizabeth,  i.  232. 
Saffin,  John,  i.  4S. 
Sainsbury,  William  Noel,  i.  48. 
St.  Asaph's,  Bishop  of,  i.  403;  11.  25,   262, 

279. 
St.  George,  George,  i.  141. 

Mary,  i.  141, 
St.  Loe,  St.  Lo,  St.  Loos. 

Captain,  1.  49;  ii.  170. 
Salisbury,  Bishop  of,  i.  267. 

Stephen,  ii.  541. 
Salmon,  John,  ii.  119. 
Salter, ,  i.  135. 

William,  ii.  64,  75. 
Saltonstall, ,  ii.  165,  250. 

Gurdon,  i.  314. 

Martha,  i.  48. 

Mary,  ii.  63,  75. 

Molly,  1.  395. 

Nathaniel,  ii.  63. 

Richard,  i.  48,395;  ii.  62,  63,  75,  97,  395. 
Sampson,  Oscar  Hallett,  ii.  610,  630. 

See  Simpson. 
Sancroft,  William,  i.  52. 
Sandeman,  Robert,  ii.  336. 
Sanderson,  Mary,  ii.  5S5. 
Sanford,  Sandford,  Santford. 

Margaret,  ii.  217. 

Thomas,  1.  133,   352,  35S,  370,  371,  382, 
39°)  392,  399-40',  430,  434,  459,  463, 
465,  466,  497  ;  ii.  13,  49. 
Sargent,  Charles  Sprague,  ii.  615. 

Christiana  Keadie,  ii.  597. 

Daniel,  ii.  615. 

Ignatius,  ii.  596,  597. 

John  Turner,  ii.  469,  517,  521,  597. 

Lucius  Manlius,  ii.  339,  368,  481,  624. 

Margaret  Atwood,  ii.  597. 

Winthrop,  ii.  285. 
Sarle,  Tho.,  i.  260. 
Saumerez,  Admiral,  Lord  de,  ii.  363. 

Mathew,  ii.  363. 

Susan,  ii.  363. 
Saurin,  Jacques,  ii.  153. 
Savage,  Savidge. 

Arthur,  ii.  162,  592. 

Dionysia,  i.  48. 

James,  i.  x,  49,  76,  91-93,  179,  1S2,  234, 

235 ;_  "•  155. 267. 

John,  i.  260. 

Thomas,  i.  48,  69,  198. 

William,  ii.  598. 
Sawyer,  Sawyers. 

Mr.,  i.  240. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  531. 

Samuel  Elwell,  ii.  596. 
Saxton,  Rufus,  ii.  614. 

William,  ii.  325,  589,  591,  597,608. 
Scholfield,  Isaac,  ii.  592. 


Scollay,  Scolley. 

Anna  Wroe,  ii.  537. 
John,  ii.  319,  333. 
Scott,  Scot. 

,  ii.  167. 

Dred,  ii.  544. 
Joseph,  i.  400;  ii,  296. 
Scottow,  Joshua,  i.  91. 
Lydia,  i.  91. 
Thomas,  ii.  55. 
Scrivener,  Robin,  i.  133. 

Seaburn,  John,  ii.  5S7.  [621. 

Seabury,  Samuel,  i.  490  ;  ii.  8,  373;  3S4,  387, 
Seaman,  Winters,  i.  231. 
Sears,  Alexander,  ii.  617. 

Philip  Howes,  i.  82  ;  ii.  597,  610,  630. 
Seeker,  Thomas,  i.  472  ;  ii.  178,  210,  241,  244- 
246,  257,  259,  267,  269,  270,  273,  278. 
See  Canterbury,  Archbishop  of. 
Sedgwick,  Henry  Dwight,  ii.  364. 
Jane,  ii.  364. 
Robert,  i.  94. 
Sarah,  i.  94. 
Seele,  Thomas,  i.  117. 
Selby,  Selbey. 

Thomas,  i.  21  r,  240,  265,  267,  316,  317, 
334,  336,  346,  352, 359,  36°,  425  ;  ii-  603, 
606.  [596. 

William,  ii.  309,  327,  334,  399-401,  403, 
See  Silby. 
Sergeant,  Serjeant. 
Peter,  i.  380. 

Winwood,  ii.  23S,  298,  352. 
Sever,  Anne  Elizabeth  Parsons,  ii.  590. 

James  Warren,  ii.  590. 
Sevigne,  Marie  de  Rabutin-Chantal,  Marquise 

de,  ii.  534. 
Sewall,  Elizabeth,  i.  481. 
Jonathan,  ii.  298. 

Joseph,  i.  125,  278,  363,  481  ;  ii.  112,  213. 
Samuel,  i.  xix,  36,  38,  41,  42,  4S-50,  60, 
63,  64,  68-7 1,  ^l,  74,  76,  78-81,  83,  86, 
91-93,  114,  117-120,  125,  132, 134, 145, 
14S,  149,  151,  169,  173,  178,  1S3,  1S5, 
187,  188,  198,  200,  205,  208,  214-216, 
225,  238,245,248,  254,  259,  261,268, 
270,  2S0,  291,  294,  311,  315,  318,  323, 

345,  357,  363,  393,  395,  396,  411,    447. 
481,  4S2;  ii.  125,  220. 

Samuel  Edmund,  ii.  473,  541. 

Stephen,  ii.  97. 

Thomas,  i.  270. 
Seymour,  Seymer,  Seymore. 

Colonel,  i.  199,  234. 

Richard,  i.  2. 

Shackbolt, ,  i.  117. 

Shadwell,  Thomas,  L  207. 
Shakespeare,  William,  ii.  573. 
Sharp,  Shape,  Sharpe. 

George,  i.  401. 

Henry,  i.  211,  232,  240. 

John,  i.  167. 

William,  ii.  462. 


INDEX   OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


669 


Shaw, ,  ii.  5S7. 

Elizabeth  Willard,  ii.  530,  531. 

Francis,  ii.  529. 

Francis  George,  ii.  529. 

Gardiner  Howland,  ii.  5S9,  590. 

Lemuel,  ii.  435. 

Robert  Gould,  ii.  525,  529,  530,  5SS,  589, 
601. 

Samuel,  ii    529. 

William,  i.  260,  261;  ii.  529. 

See  Shore. 
Shays,  Daniel,  ii.  365,  4S0. 
Sheafe,  William,  li.  598. 

Sheldon,  ,  i.  194. 

Shelston,  Shelson. 

Robert,  i.  115,  127. 
Shelton,  Philo,  ii.  8. 

William,  ii.  8. 
Shepard,  Sheapard,  Shipard,  Shippard. 

Thomas,  i.  9,  10,  200,  211,  240. 

William,  ii.  182. 
Shepcoat,  Shepscoat. 

Nath.,  i.  89. 

Thomas,  i.  94. 
Shepardson,     Sheperdson,     Shepherdson, 
Sheppardson, 

William,  i.  423,  424,  436,  465,  482. 
Sherlock,  Shetlock. 

James,  i.  79,  89. 

Thomas,  i.  387,  389;  ii.  37,  85,  103,  180, 
189,  236,  246. 
Sherman,  Charles,  ii.  "jt,,  123. 
Sherly.     See  Shirley. 
Shetlock.     See  Sherlock. 

Shillingford,  ,  i.  388. 

Shipard.     See  Shepard. 
Shippe,  Margaret,  i.  395. 
Shippen,  Mr.,  i.  49. 
Shipton,  Samuel,  i.  428. 
Shirley,  Sherly,  Sherrly. 

Anne,  ii.  129. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  129,  160. 

Frances,  i.  523,  531,  548,  549;  ii.  xii, 
xiii,  129-132,  626. 

Harriet,  ii.  129. 

John,  ii.  124,  129,  170. 

Judith,  ii.  129. 

Margaret,  ii.  129, 

Maria,  ii.  129. 

Ralph,  ii.  129. 

Ricliard,  ii.  129. 

Thomas,  ii.  129. 

Washington,  ii.  141. 

William,  i.  xv,  xviii,  249,  361,  410,  432, 
445.  462,  468,  471,  492-494,  497,  499, 
521,  523-526,  529-532,  534,  547,  548, 
550;  ii.  II,  40,  42-45,  79,  80,  83,  85,  86, 
90,  93,97,  99,  103,  io5,  no,  118,  129- 
142,  155.  157,  160,  163,  170,  179,  195, 
19S,  199,  216,  225,  226,  239,  251,  261, 
3'2,  313.  325.  470,  471,  562.  586,  588, 
501,  604,  607,  619,  626,  627, 

William  Warden  (Sir),  ii.  129. 


Shore,  Shores. 

George,  i.  265,  352,  354,  360,  424,  432, 
435.  549;  ii-  587,603,  606,607. 
Short,  Joseph,  i.  89. 
Shovel,  Cloudesley  (Sir),  i.  234. 
Showers,  John,  i.  231. 
Shrimpton,  Bethia,  i.  48. 

Henry,  ii.  160. 

Samuel,  i.  43,  60. 

Sarah,  ii.  160. 
Shrine,  Jonathan,  i.  265. 
Shurtleff,  Nathaniel  Bradstreet,  ii.  319. 
Shute,  Benjamin,  i.  267. 

Christopher,  i.  267. 

Elizabeth,  i.  267. 

Frances,  i.  267. 

Francis,  i.  267. 

James,  i.  267. 

Joanna,  i.  233. 

John,  i.  267. 

Richard,  i.  233. 

Robert,  i.  267. 

Samuel,  i.  xiv,  xviii,  xix,  240,  264-268, 
2S8,  292,  293,  310,  345,  352,  375,  401, 
414,  420,  446,  448,  550;  ii.  13. 

Thomasine,  i.  267. 
Sibley,  John  Langdon,  i.  209. 
Sidney,  Algernon,  ii.  360. 
Sigourney,  Susanna,  ii.  121, 
Sikes,  Josiah,  i.  260. 
Silby.     See  Selby. 
Silsbee,  Nathaniel,  ii.  600. 
Silvester.     See  Sylvester. 
Simmons,   William   Benjamin   Dearborn,   ii. 

173- 

Simpkins,  Rebecca,  ii.  92. 
Simpson,  Sympson. 

Deborah,  i.  183. 

Elizabeth,  i.  183. 

Jane,  i.  1S3. 

Jonathan,  ii.  375. 

Samuel,  i.  183. 

Savill,  Savel,  Savil,  i.  xix,  89,  in,  117, 
121,  122,  133,  134,  16S,  177,  178,  183, 
^93)  231,  234,  239;  ii.  587,  603,  605. 

See  Sampson. 
Sinclair,  Captain,  ii.  305. 
Skanoner,  Nathaniell,  i.  231. 
Skelton,  Robert,  i.  211. 

Samuel,  i.  S. 
Skinner,  ,  i.  265. 

Francis,  ii.  599. 

Robert,  i.  350,  352,  360.  390,  401;  ii.  124, 
606. 

Susannah  Maria,  ii.  283. 

William,  ii.  283. 
Slade,  Rev.  Mr.,  i.  in. 
Slafter,  Edmund  Farwell,  ii.  348. 
Slocum,  George,  i.  260. 
Smalridge,  George,  i.  212. 
Smethurst,  Ann,  ii.  122. 
Smibert,  Smybert. 

John,  i.  285,  383;  ii.  76,  562. 


6/0 


INDEX   OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


Smith, ,  (joiner),  i.  44,  45,  49,  70. 

Captain,  ii.  125. 

Rev.  Mr.,  i.  99,  113,  114. 

Widow,  i.  193. 

Abiel,  ii.  327,  597,  60S. 

Abram,  i.  89. 

Amos,  ii.  467. 

Barney,  ii.  595,  596,  597. 

Benjamin  Bosworth,  i.  261. 

Campbell,  ii.  103. 

Charles,  ii.  8. 

Charles  Card,  i.  x,  160;  ii.  viii,  153,  339, 
4S0. 

Edward,  i.  89. 

Elizabeth,  i.  476. 

Francis,  ii.  287. 

Franklin,  ii.  598. 

Gerritt,  ii.  473. 

Henry,  ii.  3S7. 

Isaac,  ii.  290,  293. 

James,  i.  211,  231,  239,  269,  320,  352,  360, 
549;  ii.  19,  28,  43-45,  54,  iiS,  121,  170, 
239)  322,  323,  327,328, 586, 597, 603, 606. 

John,  ii.  61,  595. 

John  Cotton,  i.  492. 

Josiah,  i.  510. 

J.  A.,ii.  168., 

Martin,  ii.  524. 

Peregrin  White,  i.  353. 

Ralph,  i.  8. 

Rebecca,  i.  92. 

Samuel  Francis,  ii.  543. 

Simon,  i.  127. 

Thomas,  i.  92  ;  ii.  128. 

William,  i.  87,  105;  ii.  178-180. 

William  J.     See  Smithett. 
Smithett,  William  Thomas,  i,  325. 
Smybert.     See  Smibert. 
Snelling,  Colonel,  ii,  295. 

Major,  ii.  283. 

Jonathan,  ii.  296. 

Samuel,  ii.  591. 
Snow,  Caleb  Hopkins,  ii.  209,  302. 

Gideon,  ii.  590,  608. 
Sohier,  Edward,  ii.  121. 

Susanna,  ii.  121. 

William  Davies,  ii.  431,  437. 
Soren,  John  Johnston,  ii.  172. 
South,  Robert,  i.  29S. 
Southack,  Southwaike. 

Cyprian,  Sypron,  i.  xix,   177,  193,  199, 
211,  229,  230,  233,  239,  242,  246,  352, 
360,  401;  ii.  586,  603,  605. 
Sparhawk,  Elizabeth,  ii,  161. 
Sparks,  Jared,  ii.  446. 
Speakman,  Spikeman. 

Gilbert  Warner,  ii.  364. 

Hannah,  ii.  364,  596. 

Mary,  ii.  364. 

Sarah,  ii.  364. 

William,  i.  265,  352,  360,  390,  401,  402, 
432,  463,  483-485,  489,  499,  549;  ii. 
30,  119,  121,  5S5,  603,606. 


Spear,  Thomas,  ii.  403. 
Spencer,  Jesse  Ames,  ii.  232. 
Spenser  [?  Isaac],  i.  117. 
Spikeman.     See  Speakman. 
Sprague,  Charles,  ii.  463,  594. 

Elizabeth  Rebecca,  ii.  592. 

Francis  Peleg,  ii.  592. 

Richard,  i.  465-467,  471. 

William  Duel,  i.  120,  152,  218,  388,  3S9, 
517;  11.232,  305,  346. 
Squire,  Mrs.,  i.  117. 

Stackpole,  William,  ii.  326,  589,  597,  608. 
Stanbury,  Martha,  i.  92. 

Thomas,  i.  89,  92. 
Stanley,  Mr.,  ii.  170. 
Stanton,  Francis,  ii.  594. 
Stanwood,  Lemuel,  ii.  591. 
Stark,  James  Henry,  ii.  163. 
Stearns,  Jacob,  ii.  597. 

Nathaniel  Call,  ii.  599. 
Stebbins,  Henian,  ii.  435. 
Steele,  Steel. 

John,  ii.  58,  64,  75. 

Thomas,  i.  198. 
Stephens,  Susannah,  ii.  403. 

See  Stevens. 
Sterling,  Stirling. 

Lord,  ii.  252. 

James,  i.  265,  291,  329,  334,  337,  354, 
420,  434  ;  ii.  603,  606. 
Sterne,  Laurence,  ii.  395, 
Sternhold,  Thomas,  i.  207. 
Stetson,  Caleb,  ii.  491. 
Stevens,  Stivens. 

Mr.,  i.  421. 

Mrs.,  i.  421, 

Benjamin,  ii.  620. 

Daniall,  i.  211. 

Erasmus,  ii.  617. 

Henry,  i.  210, 

James,  i.  360,  390  ;  ii.  606. 

See  Stephens. 
Stevenson,  Alexander,  ii.  120. 

Hannah,  ii.  590. 

Joshua  Thomas,  ii.  565,  590,  610. 

Margarett,  ii.  537. 

Robert  Hooper,  ii.  321,  590,  610,  615,  630. 

Thomas  Greely,  ii.  555,  612,  614. 
Stewart.     See  Stuart. 
Stiles,  Ezra,  i.  210;  ii.  238,  243,  260. 
Stillingfleet,  Mr.,  i.  157. 
Stillman,  Samuel,  ii.  293. 
Stirling.     See  Sterling. 
Stivens.     Bee  Stevens. 
Stockwell,  Samuel,  ii.  403. 
Stoddard,  Mr.,  i.  355. 

Solomon,  i.  1S7,  188. 
Stodder,  Jonathan,  ii,  431. 
Stone,  Mr.,  i.  542 ;  ii.  33. 

Alice,  ii.  158. 

George,  i.  419. 

Peter,  i.  549;  ii.  587. 

Robert,  ii.  170,  589. 


INDEX    OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


671 


Storer,  George,  ii.  370,  5SS,  596,  608. 

Robert  Boyd,  ii.  590. 
Stork,  Storke. 

Samuel,  ii.  124,  125, 
Storrow,  Charles,  ii.  615. 

Charles  Storer,  ii.  599. 

Samuel,  ii.  555,  612. 
Story,  Elisha,  ii.  154. 

Franklin,  ii.  592. 

Franklin  Howard,  ii.  596. 

Lydia,  ii.  154. 

Joseph,  ii.  315,  374,  543. 
Stoughton,  William,  i.  65,  70,  72,  75,  92,  139, 
iSi,  1S4,  1S9,  281. 

Stover, ,  ii.  124. 

Stow,  Stowe. 

Edward,  ii.  313,  322,  325,  328,  592. 
Strachey,  William,  i.  2. 
Strafford,  Earl  of,  ii.  143. 
Stratford,  Daniel  (later  known  as  Kent  Bailey 

Stratford),  ii.  173. 
Stratton,  Solomon  Piper,  ii.  595, 
Strong,  Caleb,  ii.  478,  528. 

McClintock  &,  ii.  232. 
Stuart,  Steuart,  Steward,  Stewart. 

Mr.,  ii.  123,  160. 

George,  Gorge,  i.  211,  231,  240,  356,  360, 
390,  401,  402,  414,  419,  432,  435,  476, 
4S7,  499;  ii.  585,  603,  606. 

Gilbert,  i.  xi. 

House  of,  i.  12,  35,  T,"],  40,  61,  63,  Tj,  79, 
83,  84,  194,  286,  297,  29S  ;  ii.  245,  2S7, 
288,  369. 

See  Charles. 
Stukely,  Captain,  i.  368. 
Sturgeon,  Robert,  i.  252. 
Sturges,  Jonathan,  ii.  2. 
Stuyvesant,  Peter,  i.  28. 
Sulliman,  William,  i.  203. 
Sullivan,  George,  ii.  595. 

James,  ii.  35S,  359,  476,  481. 

William,  ii.  338,  423,  434,  465,  471,  472, 
478,  479,  4S1-484,  537,  591.  595,  597, 
609. 
Sumner,  Mr.,  ii.  326. 

Charles,  ii.  456,  543,  559. 

Charles  Pinckney,  ii.  338,  456,  596. 

Increase,  ii.  312. 

William  Hyslop,  i.  24. 
Surriage,  Agnes,  i.  515  ;  ii.  316. 
Sussex,  Earl  of,  i.  267. 
Swan,  Christiana  Keadie,  ii.  597. 

Gideon,  ii.  594. 

Hepzibah,  ii.  327. 

James,  ii.  322,  327,  329,  597,  608. 
Swett,  Elizabeth  Boyer,  ii.  5S8. 

Samuel,  ii.  5S9,  594,  608,  609. 

Tasker  Hazard,  ii.  588. 

William  Bourne,  i.  xi;  ii.  144. 
Swift,  Jonathan,  i.  221,  222. 

Sydenham,  ,  i.  429. 

Sykes,  Arthur  Ashley,  ii.  371. 


Sylvester,  Silvester. 

Mr.,  ii.  75. 

Giles,  i.  133. 

Griselda,  i.  92;  ii.  155. 

Nathaniel,  i.  92;  ii.  15 
Synge,  Edward,  i.  525. 


T; 


AILER.     5fe  Taylor. 
Talbot,  Charles,  i.  454,  460. 

John,  i.  152,  156,  159,  i6g,  174,  229. 
Talcott,  John,  ii.  151. 

Ruth,  ii.  151. 
Talley,  Taulley,  Tolley. 

Richard,  i.  89,  94. 
Tanner,  Thomas,  i.  -^Z,  52. 
Tappan,  Sewell,  ii.  590,  609. 
Tarbox,  Increase  Niles,  i.  116. 
Tarrant,  George,  i.  240. 
Tate,  Nahum,  i.  204,  206,  207 ;  ii.  3S3. 
Taulley.     See  Talley. 
Taylor,  Tailer,  Tayler. 

Dr.,  ii.  170. 

Madam,  i.  64. 

Mrs.,  ii.  324. 

Abigail,  i.  1S4,  185,  189. 

Chris.,  i.  393. 

Edward  Thompson,  ii.  482. 

Henry,  ii.  372,  -^^-ji. 

John,  ii.  296,  305,  324,  589. 
'    Mary,  ii.  121. 

Sarah,  ii.  75. 

William,  i.  xix,  59,  133,  178,  183,  184, 
1S9,  193,  199,  205,  212,  217,  232,  239, 
240,  242,  335,  336,  345,  346,  350,  352, 
if^o,  395,  411;  ii.  119,  296,  586,  590, 
603,  605. 
Temple, ,  ii.  149. 

Harriet,  ii.  129. 

John,  i.  548  ;  ii.  149. 

Robert,  i.  324,  548;  ii.  129,  177,  298. 

Thomas,  i.  90,  181,  54S.  [597. 

Templeman,  John,  li.  322,  326,  329,  3S1,  595, 
Tenison,  Thomas,  i.  21S,  228,  231. 
Tennent,  Gilbert,  i.  445,  507. 
Tennessee,  Bishop  of,  ii.  229. 
Tenney,  Edward  Payson,  i.  237. 

Terrant, ,  i.  353. 

Tew,  Thomas,  i.  119. 
Thacher,  James,  ii.  368. 

Lothrop  Russell,  ii.  600. 

See  Thatcher. 
Thanet,  Thomas  Tufton,  Earl  of,  i.  322. 
Thatcher, ,  i.  119. 

David,  ii.  300. 

Peter,  i.  285  ;  ii.  445. 

Peter  Oxenbridge,  ii.  472,  536. 

Samuel  Cooper,  ii.  445. 

Thomas,  i.  33,  406. 

See  Thacher. 


6/2 


INDEX   OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


Thaxter,  Thomas,  ii.  193. 

Thayer,  Nathaniel,  ii.  322,  329,  5S9,  595. 

Thirstyn,  James,  ii.  305. 

Thomas,  Benjamin  Frankhn,  ii.  538. 

Corneha  Jane,  ii.  596. 

Edward,  i.  Sg. 

Isaiah,  ii.  595. 

Morgan,  ii.  91. 

Nathaniel,  i.  247. 

William,  ii.  502,  594,  596,  604,  609,  610. 
Thomlinson,  John,  i.  491;   ii.  69,  70,  91,  92, 

124,  126,  143,  169,  171. 
Thompson,  Ann,  ii.  103. 

Ebenezer,  ii.  237. 

John,  i.  231. 

Joseph,  i.  93. 

Mary,  ii,  144. 
Thomson,  Captain,  ii.  226. 
Thorndike,  John  Prince,  ii.  593,  609. 
Thornton,  John  Wingate,  i.  14;  ii.  267. 
Thurles,  Walter,  Viscount,  i.  94. 
Thurston.     See  Thirstyn. 
Thwing,  Supply  Clapp,  ii.  589. 
Ticknor,  Anna,  ii.  589. 

Anna  Eliot,  ii.  589. 

George,  ii.  314,  541,  543,  589. 
Tiffany,  Charles  Comfort,  i.  492. 
Tilden,  Joseph,  ii.  591. 
Tilestone,  Onesipherous,  ii.  167. 
Tilley,  Tilly. 

George,  ii.  78,  607. 
Tillotson,  John,  i.  10,  114,  301,  321  ;  ii.  255, 

372. 
Timmins,  John,  ii.  295. 
Tindal,  Matthew,  i.  271. 
Tippet,  Tippett,  Tippit. 

Nicholas,  i.  xix,  112,  114,  117,  121  ;  ii. 
603. 
Tisdale,  James,  ii.  597. 
Titian,  ii.  471. 
Toby  (an  Indian),  i.  197, 
Tolley.    See  Talley. 
Tomlin,  Goody,  i.  no. 
Toplady,  Augustus  Montague,  i.  207. 
Toppan,  Christopher,  i.  255. 
Torey,  Torry. 

Jos%  i.  465,  467;  ii.  148. 
Tothill,  Edward,  ii.  607, 
Towgood,  Micaiah,  ii.  274. 
Townsend,  Townshend,  Tounsend. 

Lord,  i.  418,  419;  ii.  193. 

Charles,  ii.  310. 

Elias,  ii.  617. 

Gregory,  ii.  224. 

G.,  ii.  296. 

Penn,  i.  83,  291. 

Solomon,  ii.  617. 

Solomon  Davis,  ii.  537, 
Trapp,  Dr.,  i.  322. 

Trecothick,  Barlow,  i.  523,  549;  ii.  45,69,  78, 
SS,  91-93)  98,  99,  "8,  121,  123,  125, 
126,  143,  169,  171,  173,  175,  176,  273, 
321,  324,  32S,  585-5S8,  597,  607. 


Trecothick  (contimied). 

Grizzell,  Grizel,  i.  523;  ii.  143,  175. 

Hannah,  ii.  69. 

James,  ii.  387,  390. 

Mark,  ii.  69. 

Sarah,  ii.  iig. 
Trefrey,  Thomas,  i.  86.     See  Turfrey. 
Tresor,  John,  i.  239. 
Trott,  George,  ii.  596. 
Troutbeck,  Troutbec. 

George,  ii.  188. 

Hannah,  ii.  189,  192,  193. 

John,  i.  517,  518  ;  ii.  178,  181,  183,  188- 
192,  216,  221,  237,  304,  322,  327,  328, 
332,  419,  596,  602. 

Margaret,  ii.  189. 

Sally,  ii.  189. 

Sarah,  ii.  189,  193. 
Trowbridge,  Edmund,  ii.  152. 
Truman,  Edward,  ii.  562. 
Trumbull,  Trumball. 

Captain,  i.  27. 

Benjamin,  ii,  3. 

James  Hammond,  i,  74. 

John,  ii.  364. 
Tryon,  Mr.,  i.  44, 
Tuam,  Archbishop  of,  i.  525, 
Tubee,  John,  i,  334. 
Tucker,  Alanson,  ii.  596. 

Susan  Elizabeth,  ii.  593. 

William  Warren,  ii.  593,  598, 
Tuckerman,  Edward,  ii.  529. 

John,  ii.  75. 

Joseph,  ii.  463,  467,  469,  4S8,  540,  S99- 
Tudor,  Emma  Jane,  ii.  147. 

William,  ii.  198,  199,  338,  358. 
Tufton,  Thomas,  i.  322. 
Tufts,  John,  i.  208. 

John  Wheeler,  ii.  565. 

Tunly, ,  i.  269. 

Turell,  Ebenezer,  i.  263,  279,  298,  344,  446, 
466,  467,  472. 

Susanna,  ii.  539. 
Turfrey,  Turfery,  Turfree,  Turfry,  Turphrey. 

Edward,  i.  48,  133,  148;  ii.  605. 

George,  i.  44,  45,  48,  117,  121,  129-134, 
140,  204,  239,  270;  ii.  603,  605. 

See  Trefrey. 
Turner,  Dr.,  i.  448. 

Mr.,  i.  127. 

Samuel,  ii.  124. 

William,  ii.  322,  329,  592,  600. 
Tuttle,  Charles  Wesley,  i.  15,  iS,  56. 
Tyerman,  Luke,  i.  381,  508, 
Tyler,  John  Steele,  ii.  590. 

Moses,  i.  10,  16,  285,  299 ;  ii.  61,  225. 
Tyley,  Samuel,  i.  297. 

Tyng,  Edward,  i.  423,  432,  499,  523,  547;  ii, 
33i  43,  44,  54,  "S,  158,  5S6,  597, 
607. 

Elizabeth,  i,  208, 

John,  ii,  54,  58,  64,  75,  76. 


INDEX    OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


<^n 


Ui 


PDIKE,    Wilkins,  i.   2S5  ;    ii.  3,  5,  147, 

14S,  156, 1S8, 238, 359,  :,-]■]. 

Upliam,  Charles  Wentwortli,  i.  59;  ii.  355. 
Upton,  Elizabeth,  ii.  597. 

Francis,  ii.  120. 

George  Bruce,  ii.  596,  597,  609. 
Urmston,  John,  i.  318. 
Usher,  Mr.,  i.  338,  340,  471. 

Betty,  Elizabeth,  i.  48,  50;  ii.  315. 

John,  1,48,49,  70,86,  92, 134;  ii.  161,  315, 


V/ 


ALENTINE,  Valintine,  Vallantine,  Val- 
lentine. 

,  i.  183. 

Abigail,  i.  248. 

Andrew  Price,  i.  545. 

Charles,  i.  51 8. 

Edmond,  i.  248. 

Edward  Lawson,  i.  545. 

Elizabeth,  i.  248. 

Frances  Erving,  i.  545.     See  Weston. 

John,  i.  201,  231,  239,  242,  244,  247,  248, 
265,  334  ;  ii-  603,  605. 

Joseph,  i.  518. 

Lawson,  i.  518,  545. 

Mary,  i.  247,  248. 

Mary  Ann,  i.  518. 

Rebecca,  i.  248. 

Samuel,  i.  247,  248. 

Thomas,  i.  24S,  541. 

William  Price,  i.  545. 
Van  Brugh,  John,  ii.  76. 
Van  den  Heuvel,  Charlotte  Augusta,  ii.  143. 

John  Cornelius,  ii.  143. 
Vane,  Henry,  (Sir)  i.  10. 
Vanhagen,  Elizabeth,  Mrs.,  ii.  403. 
Vans,  Hugh,  ii.  58. 
Vardy,  Verdy. 

Jane,  i.  523. 

Luke,  i,  201,  334,  35c,  359,  405,  424,  425, 
429,  465,  486,  493,  523;   ii.  103,  585, 
587. 
Vamod,  Francis,  i.  525. 
Vassall,  Ann,  ii.  46,  121,  239. 

Elizabeth,  i.  267;  ii.  46,  47. 

Florentius,  i.  267;  ii.  46,  47,  120,  224, 

225,  .I'S- 
Henry,  ii.  47,  119,  139,  155,  159,  163,  177, 

29S,  590,  607. 
Mrs.,  ii.  298. 
John,  i.  13;  ii.  46,  47,  177,  29S,  315,  316, 

322,  327,  328,  597,  608. 
Mrs.,  ii.  298. 
Leonard,  i.  352,  484,  485;  ii.  46. 
Margaret,  ii.  46. 
Mary,  ii.  46,  47,  122. 
Penelope,  ii.  47. 
Phebe,  ii  46. 
Richard,  ii.  47. 
Ruth,  ii.  46,  47. 

VOL,  II.  —  43 


Vassall  {continued). 

Samuel,  i.  .xvii,  xviii,  12;  ii.  xii,  xii 

47,  447,  470,  47',  593,  627. 
William,  i.  24;  ii.  46-4S,   77,  iiS, 
122,  168,  170,  239,  315,  316,  322, 

327,  328,  387,  390,  590,  597,  600, 
619. 

Vaughan,  Charles,  ii.  594,  608, 

Vaughn,  Samuel,  ii.  61, 

Veazey,  Phesy,  Veazy,  Vcisy,  Vesey, 

Lieutenant,  i.  89. 

William,  i.  91,  120,  126, 143,  256,  258, 
Verdy.     See  Vardy. 
Vergoose,  Ann,  ii.  158, 
Verin,  Thomas,  i.  200. 
Verplank,  Mr.,  i.  265. 
Vetch,  Samuel,   i.    175,    199,  229,  238, 

247. 
Vickers,  Captain,  i.  115, 

William,  i.  211. 
Victoria,  Queen  of  England,  i,  104,  215. 
Vincent,    Ambrose,    i.    231,   240,    265, 
ii.  119,  121,  313,  321-323,   325, 

328,  329,  381,  387,  391,  586,  591, 
60S. 

Benjamin,  ii.  619. 
Vines,  Richard,  i.  17;  ii.  252. 
Vintenon,  Jno.  Lewis,  ii.  586. 
Virgil,  ii.  33,  52. 
Voaex,  Voeax,  Volax. 

Robert,  ii.  187,  225,  239,, 
Von  Hagen.     See  Van  Hagen, 
Von  Spreckilson,  Anna  Elizabeth,  ii.  121. 
Vosse, ,  i.  43, 


,4'"', 


323, 
607, 


447- 


239, 


549; 
326, 
593. 


W; 


ADDINGTON,  John,  i.  15. 
Wadsworth,  Captain,  i.  214. 

Benjamin,  i.  120, 
Wainwright,  Elizabeth,  i.  480. 

John,  i.  480. 

Jonathan  Mayhew,  i.  492. 

Sarah,  ii.  364. 
Wait,  John,  ii,  70. 
Wakefield,  Mrs.,  i.  117, 
Walcott,  Walcutt. 

Thomas,  ii.  no,  593, 
Waldron,  Richard,  i.  399. 

William,  i.  326, 
Wales,  Frederick,  Prince  of,  ii,  103,  105-107, 
126,  261. 

George,  Prince  of  (his  son),  ii.  106. 
Walford,  Thomas,  i.  14, 
Walker, ,  ii.  325, 

Benjamin,  i.  360,  390;  ii.  5S6,  606. 

Elizabeth,  i.  231. 

George,  ii.  305. 

Hovenden  (Sir),  i.  199,  231,  233,  234, 
246 

James,  ii.  xi,  xiii,  395,  443,  454,  459,  460, 
462,  490,  499,  548,  559,  563,  573-575. 
616,  623. 


6/4 


INDEX   OF    PROPER   NAMES. 


Walker  {continued). 

John,  i.  117,  158,  260;  ii.  49,  586. 

Robert,  ii.  109. 

Sargent,  i.  89. 

Thomas,  i.  89,  117;  ii.  212,  292. 

Williston,  ii.  242. 
Waller,  Nathaniel,  ii.  122. 

Sarah,  ii.  122. 
Wallett,  Mrs.,  i.  97. 
Wallis,  Samuel,  ii.  296. 

Thomas,  i.  390;  ii.  606. 
Walpole,  Horace,  ii.  278. 

Robert,   i.   381,   399,   414;    ii.  49,   100, 
244. 
Walter,  Nathaniel,  i.  151. 

Nehemiah,  i.  149. 

Thomas,  i.  93,  285,  286,  301. 

William,  i.  325,  492,   537;    ii.  306,  345, 
420. 
Walton,  Brian,  i.  124. 

Izaak,  i.  392. 

Peter,  i.  211. 
Wampanoags,  ii.  252. 
Wanton,  Joseph,  ii.  202. 
Warburton,  William,  ii.  127. 
Ward,  Dr.,  ii.  179. 

Lord,  ii.  142. 

Artemas,  ii.  298,  319. 

Samuel  Gray,  ii.  609. 
Wardell,  Frances,  i.  201. 
Ware,  Charles  Eliot,  ii.  598. 

Elizabeth  Cabot,  ii.  598. 

Henry,  ii.  541. 

John,  i.  89. 

William,  ii.  451. 

William  Robert,  i.  x. 

See  Weare ;  Were. 
Warner, ,  i.  334. 

Gilbert,  i.  549;  ii.  119,  586. 
Warren, ,  ii.  319. 

John  Collins,  ii.  319. 

Joseph,  ii.   168,  219,  290,  294,  299,  315, 

3i8>3i9,  33o>332,  338.369- 
Peter  (Sir),  ii.  50,  51,63,  71,  123,  158. 
Winslow,  ii.  vii. 
Washburn,  Emory,   i.  46,  61,  105,  106,   247, 

481;  11,151,  153,  156. 
Washington,  George,  i.  215,  261 ;  ii.  134,  138, 
217,  294,  297,  303,  311,  315,  343,  355, 
357,  358)  401.  403>   457,465,477,526, 
561,624. 
Martha,  ii.  297. 

Waterhouse, ,  ii.  46. 

John  Fothergill,  ii.  537. 
Waterland,  Daniel,  i.  475;  ii.  374. 
Waters,  Rebecca,  ii.  618. 
VVaterston,  Robert  Cassia,  ii.  540,  542. 
Watkins,  Henry,  i.  117. 

Watson, ,  i.  98. 

John  Lee,  i.  492. 
Richard,  ii.  372,  374. 

Watter, ,  i.  72. 

Watters,  Colonel,  ii.  51. 


Watts,  Wats. 

,  i-  265,  355. 

Rev.  Mr.,  i.  357,  364,  370. 

David,  ii.  239. 

Edward,  i.  324. 

Isaac,  i.  206,  207,  52S  ;  ii.  372,  383. 

Thomas,  i.  324. 
Weare, ,  i.  50,  "]■},. 

See  Were. 
Weaver,  Edward,  i.  211,  240. 

William,  i.  iii,  420. 
Webb,  Colonel,  ii.  138. 

John,  i.  270,  363  ;  ii.  618. 

Joseph,  ii.  296. 
Webber,  Weber. 

Nicholas,  i.  483. 

Samuel,  ii.  407. 

William,  i.  260. 
Webster,  Daniel,  ii.  335,  431,  477,  538,  543. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  47. 

Fletcher,  ii.  615. 

Godfrey,  ii.  47. 

Henry,  ii.  315. 
Wedderburn,  Alexander,  ii.  217. 
Weeks,  Joshua  Wingate,  i.  261,  262. 

Samuel,  i.  350,  352. 
Weever,  John,  ii.  531. 
Wegar,  James,  i.  260. 

John,  i.  260. 
Weiss,  John,  ii.  518,  520. 
Welch,  Welsh. 

Mr.,  ii.  291,  292. 

Charles  Alfred,  ii.  437. 

John,  ii.  325,  592. 
Weld,  Hannah,  ii.  364. 

Sarah,  ii.  364. 

William  Gordon,  ii.  364 
Wellington,  Duke  of,  ii.  457,  528. 
Wells,  Welles. 

Francis,  i.  549;  ii.  585. 

George  Derby,  ii.  593. 

Noah,  ii.  247,  275,  276. 

Samuel  Adams,  ii.  598. 
Welsh.     See  Welch. 
Welsteed,  William,  i.  214,  363. 
Welton,  Richard,  i.  152,  229,  338. 
Wendell,  Wendall. 

Abraham,  ii.  607. 

Jacob,  ii.  54,  60,  210,  345. 

Jane,  ii.  119,  5S5. 

John,  i.  250. 
Wentworth, ,  ii.  163. 

Elizabeth,  ii.  122,  159. 

Frances,  ii.  159. 

John,  i.  268;  ii.  105,  159,  295. 

Mark,  ii.  105. 

Mark  Hunklng,  ii.  105,  124,  125,  159. 

Samuel,  i.  539;  ii.  43,  118,  123,  125, 
159,  171,  173,  239,  328,  331,  589,  604, 
607. 

Mrs.,  ii.  321,  324. 
Sarah,  ii.  143,  159. 
Were,  Mr.,  i.  127. 


INDEX   OF    PROPER    NAMES. 


^T: 


Wesendunck,  Wesendouke,  Wesendunk, 
VVessendunck,  Wissendunk,  Wissen- 
dunke,  Wizendunck. 

Sarah,  i.  94.  [1S6. 

Stephen,  i.  45,  48,  90,  93,  129-133,  16S, 

Warner,  i.  48,  89,  93. 
Wesley,  Charles,  i.  477,  504,  50S,  509. 

John,  i.  3S1,  504,  508,  509. 
West,  Mr.,  i.  443. 

Benjamin,  ii.  175. 

Jonn,  i.  59,  72,  77. 
Weston,  Western, 

Anne,  ii.  129. 

Frances   Erving  (Valentine),  i.    x,  388, 
40S,  518,  545. 

Margaret,  ii.  129. 

Stephen,  i.  478. 

Thomas,  ii.  129. 
Westron,  Mrs.,  i.  541. 
Wethered,  Wetherids,  Withered. 

Samuel,  ii.  120,  i2t,  586,  595,  596. 
Wetmore,  James,  i.  306,  323, 387, 475  ;  li.  248- 

251,274. 
Weybert.     See  Wybort. 
Weyburn.     See  Wyborne. 
Weyman,  Reuben,  ii.  326. 
Weymouth,  George,  i.  2. 
Wharton,  Dorothy,  i.  476;  ii.  171,   322,  323 
325' j2S.  329,  331,  5S5,  593. 

John,  ii.  239. 
Wheatland,  Florence  Saumerez,  ii.  363. 

George,  ii.  363. 
Wheatley,  Wheatly. 

John,  ii.  119,  170,  594. 

Nathaniel,  ii.  162,  321,  324,  328,331,590. 
Wheeden,  Charles,  i.  261. 
Wheeler,  Whieler,  Whiller. 

Francis,  i.  115. 

Thomas,  i.  109,  in,  127,  135,  265. 

William  Willard,  ii.  236,  352,  373. 
Wheelwright,  .Andrew  Cunningham,  ii.  598. 

Ann,  ii.  143. 

Anna,  ii.  175. 

Annie,  ii.  i  (.4. 

Catharine,  ii.  144. 

Charles,  ii.  144. 

Hannah,  i.  91. 

Harriette,  ii.  144. 

John,  i.  14,  91-93.  178;  ii-  324.  326,  327, 
349>  350.  356,  3S1.  597,  608. 

John  William,  ii.  329,  593,  610,  630. 

Mary,  i.  178  ;  ii.  121. 

Nat.,  ii.  125. 

Nathaniel,  ii.  143,  16S,  170,601,604,607. 

Rebecca,  i.  14. 

Samuel,  ii.  326. 

Sarah,  i.  93. 
Whieler,  Whiller.     See  Wheeler. 
Whipple,  Abigail,  ii.  147,  150. 

Jos.,  ii.  1 18. 

Oliver,  ii.  147,  354,  355. 
Whiston,  William,  i.  274,  403;  ii,  374 
Whitby,  Daniel,  ii.  371. 


Whitcomb,  Mr.,  i.  203. 

White, ,  Rev.,  i.  128,  129,  130. 

Ambrose  Haskell,  ii.  594. 

Daniel  Appleton,  i.  7,  22  ;  ii,  547,  560, 

573- 
Elizabeth,  i.  93. 
John,  i.  5,  19,  89,  445  ;  ii.  274, 
Mary,  ii.  122. 
Mary  Wilder,  ii.  547,  569, 
Stepnen,  ii.  600. 
Tnomas,  ii.  120,  122,  239,  587. 
William,  i.  44,  45,  48,  69,  76,  86,  89,  105, 

435;  ii-  326,  352,  353,  374,  569,  b95- 
Whitefieid.     See  Whitfield. 
Whitehead,  Rev.  Mr.,  ii.  414. 

Fletcher,  i.  335. 
Whitfield,  Whitefield, 

George,  i,  XV,  197,  302,363,  445,  503-510, 
513-515;  ii-  7,  25,  245,  246,  261,  263, 
264. 
Whiting,  David,  ii.  524. 
Whitman,  Henry,  Mrs.,  ii.  629. 
Whitmore,  Edward,  ii.  213,  214,  239. 

William  Henry,  i.  x,  xi,  48,  63,  79,  83, 
128,  549  ;  ii.  476. 
Whitney,  Elizabeth,  ii.  599, 
henry  Austin,  ii.  61S. 
Israel  Goodwin,  ii.  597. 
Joseph,  ii.  599,  610. 
Whitton,  Henry,  i.  352, 
Whitwell,  Whitwill. 
Henry,  ii.  595. 
Samuel,  i.  203. 
Wibird,  Dick,  i.  399. 
Wibourne.     See  Wyborne. 
Wigglesworth,  Edward,  i.  299,  505. 

Michael,  i.  59. 
Wigley,  Mr.,  i.  157. 
Wilberforce,  Samuel,  i.  384;  ii.  302. 

William,  i.  383, 
Wild,  Catharine  Hall,  ii.  598. 

James  Christy,  ii.  598, 
Wilde,  Caroline,  ii.  528. 
Eunice,  ii.  528. 

Samuel   Sumner,  ii.  431,  463,  526,  52S, 
529,  592. 
Wilder,  Mary,  ii.  569. 
Wilkes,  Wilks. 

Francis,  i.  265. 
Jolin,  ii.  219,  357. 
Wilkie,  David,  ii.  471. 
Willard,  Josiah,  i.  151  ;  ii.  40,  41,  130,  251, 
Samuel,  i.  8,  34,  36,  41,  64,  67,  71,  72,  75, 

T],  108,  120,  134,  156,  1S5,  279. 
Simon,  i.  67;  ii.  464. 
Willett,  Walter,  i.  117. 

William,  King  of  England,  i.  xiii,  xvii,  10,  47, 
48,  61,  66,  80,  84-S8,  100,  103,  106,  121- 
124,  139,  141,  147,  148,  158,  167,  180,217, 
218,  229,  282,  298,  32S,  342,  361,  376,  380, 
3S1,  3S6,  439,  444,  451;  ii.  60,  192,  231, 
250,  251,  255,  300,  351,  616. 
See  Oransje. 


6^6 


INDEX   OF   PROPER   NAMES. 


Williams, ,  i.  230  ;  ii.  304,  5^7. 

Charles,  ii.  216,  323,  327,  32S,  331,  381, 
387,  391-393;  600,  60S,  619. 

Jacob  Lafayette,  ii.  590. 

John,  i.  117. 

John  (Bishop  of  Lincoln),  i.  9,254,276; 
ii.  120. 

John  Earl,  ii.  593. 

Nathaniel,  ii.  55. 

Richard,  i.  127. 

Roger,  i.  15,  25. 

Samuel  Kmg,  ii.  595,  615. 

Sarah  Clapp,  ii.  595. 

William,  ii.  326. 
Williamson,  George,  i.  430,432,  433  ;  ii.  124, 

t68. 
Willis,  William,  ii,  359. 
Williston,  Willaston,  Willeston. 

Ichabod,  ii.  117,  1S5. 

Thomas,  ii.  74. 
Wills,  Captain,  i.  230. 

Js.,  ii.  100. 
Wilson,  Elizabeth,  ii.  153. 

John,  i.  iv, 32,  33,  551;  ii.  153. 

Thomas,  ii.  %'ii,  92. 

William  Power,  ii.  589. 
Wiltshire,  Richard,  ii.  99. 
Winchester,  Bishop  of,  i.  404. 
Windress,  William,  i.  199,  230,  234. 
Winship,  Windship. 

,  ii-  327- 

Timothy,  ii.  119,  124,  585. 
Winslow, ,  ii.  186. 

Edward,  i.  259  ;  ii.  120,  238,  295,  595. 

George,  ii.  594. 

Isaac,  ii.  224,  296. 

John,  i.  47;  ii.  122,  295. 
Winsor,  Winsour. 

Justin,  i.  X. 

Robert,  i.  94. 

Thomas,  i.  89. 
Winter,  John,  i.  76. 

Robert,  i.  231. 
Winthrop, ,  ii.  250. 

Adam,  i.  291,  395. 

Fitz  John,  i.  147. 

James,  ii.  338. 

John,   i.    5,   6,  8,    17,    24,  28,  36,  235 ; 
ii.  162,  267,  298,  321,  329,  332,  590. 

Robert  Charles,  i.  6,  14,23;  ii.  199,  207, 

l^^l-,  533- 

Samuel,  ii.  94. 

Thomas  Lindall,  i.  548. 

Wait,  i.  276.  ♦ 

Wait  Still,  i.  64. 
Wise,  John,  i.  23,  279. 
VVisner,  Benjamin  Bjydenburg,  i.  33. 
Wissendunke.     See  Wesendunck. 


Wisswall,  Ruth,  i,  93. 
Withered.    See  Wethered. 

Withy, ,  ii.  100. 

Woart,  John,  i.  325, 
Wolcott,  Roger,  ii.  610. 
Wolfe,  James,  ii.  199,  213,  297, 
Wolsey,  Cardinal,  ii.  228. 
Wood,  Amos,  ii.  594. 

David,  ii.  291. 

William,  i.  265. 

See  Woods. 
Woodbridge,  Dudley,  ii.  103. 

John,  i.  139. 

Ruth,  ii.  103. 
Woodbury,  Charles,  ii.  592. 

Jacob,  ii.  592. 
Wooddy,  John,  i.  89. 
Woodmerton,  David,  i.  229. 
Woods,  Henry  Ernest,  ii.  viii,  633. 

See  Wood. 
Woolston,  Thomas,  i.  271. 
Worcester,  Samuel  Melanchthon,  i.  22. 
Wren,  Christopher,  i.  viii,  116,  166;  ii- 404. 
Wrice,  Thomas,  ii.  598. 

See  Rice. 
Wright,  Mr.,  i.  400. 

Horatio  Gates,  ii.  614. 

Jonathan,  ii.  592. 
Wroe,  Joshua,  i.  269,  352, 360, 390, 402  ;  ii.  58( 
606. 

Widow  of,  ii.  5S6. 

Thomas,  i.  265,  549;  ii.  586. 

See  Rowe. 
Wybert,  Wybort. 

Mat:  i.  203,  211,  549;  ii.  587. 
Wyborne,  Weyburn,  Wibourne,  Wiburn. 

Mrs.,  Widow,  i.  269;  ii.  586. 

Daniel,  i.  193,  240,  242,  264;  ii.  606. 
Wyer,  Alice,  ii.  594. 
Wyman,  Morrill,  ii.  522. 

Thomas  Bellows,  i.  x,  247. 
Wynne,  William,  ii.  229. 


Y. 


ABSLEY,  John,  i.  260. 
Yonge,  William,  i.  399. 
York,  Yorke. 

Archbishop  of,  ii.  71,  251. 

Duke  of,  i.  29,  63,  79. 

Charles,  i.  454. 

Philip,  i.  460. 
Youing,  Youings. 

,  ii.  587. 

Young,  Alexander,  ii.  4SS. 

Edward  James,  i.  xii,  21 1,  310. 

James,  ii.  120. 


INDEX    OF   PLACES. 


The  following  named  places  have  not  been  Indexed:  America,  Boston,  British  America,  England, 
Great  Britain,  King's  Chapel,  Massachusetts.  New  England,  and  United  States. 

Buildings,  Churches,  Colleges,  Societies,  Squares,  Taverns,  Wharves,  et  cetera,  are  indexed  gen- 
erally under  the  names  of  the  cities  and  towns  in  which  they  are  located. 


Ai 


.BERDEEN,  Scotland,  i.  151. 
Acadia  (Nova  Scotia),  ii.  52. 
Addington,  Eng.,  ii.  273. 
Addlethorp,  Lincolnshire,  Eng.,  i.  25S. 
Aiken,  S.  C,  ii.  567. 
Aix,  France,  ii.  67. 
Alabama,  ii.  500. 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  ii.  13S,  217,  252. 
Aldie,  Va.,  ii.  612. 
Aldie  Gap,  Va.,  ii.  613,  614. 
Ale.xandria,  Va.,  ii.  133. 
All  Souls'  College.     See  Oxford. 
Almansa,  Spain,  i.  234. 
Amesbury,  Mass.,  i.  44S. 
Amherst  College,  Mass.,  ii.  534. 
Amsterdam,  Holland,  i.  19,  172. 
Annapolis,   Md. 

United  States  Naval  Academy,  ii.  612. 
Annapolis,  Annapolis  Royal,  N.  S.,  i.   175, 
232,    239,  319;   ii.    51,  52,  77,   126,   158, 

352- 

See  Port  Royal. 
Antego  (?  Antigua),  i.  50. 
Antietam,  Md.,  ii.  554,  611,  614. 
Antigua,  ii.  50,  53,  t;^  161,  31X. 

See  Antego. 
Ardglass,  Ireland,  i.  267. 
Armory  Square  Hospital.     See  Washington, 

D.  C. 
Ashland,  Mass.,  i.  1S3  ;  ii.  156. 
Asia,  ii.  557. 
Askelon,  Syria,  ii.  284. 
Atlantic  Ocean,  i.  2,  6,  55,  58, 147,  212,  271, 

321,470;  ii.  235,  237,  371,373.  412,  414, 

555- 
Augusta,  Maine,  ii.  149. 
Averysboro,  N.  C,  ii.  554,  612. 


B. 


(ABYLON,  i.  4,  6. 
Bahama  Islands,  i.  49,  223  ;  ii.  142. 
Balliol  College.     See  Oxford. 
Ball's  Bluff,  Va.,  ii.  528,  554,  614,  615. 


Baltimore,  Md.,  ii.  288,  446. 

Barbadoes,  i.  63,  67,  116,  12S,  129,  134,  203, 

223,  227,  258,  264,  273  ;  ii.  99. 
Barbary,  Morocco,  i.  92,  119;  ii.  yT,. 
Barnstable,  Mass.,  i.  94;  ii.  378. 
Barnstable  County,  Mass.,  ii.  378. 
Barnton,  Eng.,  ii,  195. 
Barrington,  Mass.,  ii.  176. 
Bastile,  The,  Paris,  i.  179. 
Bath,  Eng.,  ii,  91,  95-97,  127,  160. 
Bath,  Maine,  ii.  402. 
Beckley,  Eng.,  i.  387,  388,  390,  544. 
Bedfordshire,  Eng.,  i.  331  ;  ii.  188,  201, 
Bellomont  Gate.     See  Boston. 
Belmont,  Mass.,  ii.  362. 
Bemerton,  Eng.,  i.  392. 
Bencliffe  Hall,  Lancashire,  Eng.,  i.  247. 
Bermuda  Islands,  i.  223,  273,  382;  ii.  49. 
Bern,  Switzerland,  i.  287. 
Berwick-upon-Tweed,  Eng.,  i.  387,   398;  ii. 

242,  264. 
Betchworth,  Surrey,  Eng.,  ii.  93. 
Bilboa,  Spain,  i.  259. 

Billerica  Academy,  Billerica,  Mass.,  ii.  536. 
Bishop's  Alley.     See  Boston. 
Bixley,  now  Bexley,  Eng.,  ii.  142. 
Blencowe,  Parish  of  Dacre,  Cumberland,  Eng., 

ii.  188,  192. 
Blenheim,  Eng.,  i.  234,  267 ;  ii.  76, 
Blue  Hills,  Milton,  Mass..  ii.  502, 
Boston,  Eng.,  St.  Botolph's  Church,  i.  8. 
Boston,  Mass. 

Agricultural  Society,  ii.  480. 

American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
>'•  365,  395,  4S0,  482,  534,  541,  543. 

American  Unitarian  Association,  ii.  466, 
540,  556. 

Anthology  Club,  ii.  480. 

Back  Bay,  ii.  551. 

Bellomont  Gate,  i.  145. 

Boston  Association,  ii.  286,  467. 

Boston  Athenaeum,  i.  125  ;  ii.  viii,  344, 
480. 

Boston  Dispensary,  ii.  402. 


678 


INDEX   OF    PLACES. 


Boston,  Mass.  {continued). 

Boston  Female  Asylum,  ii.  534. 

Boston  Port  Society,  ii.  46S. 

Boston  Theatre,  i.  249. 

Brick  Shop,  i.  153. 

Broad  Street  Riot,  ii.  524. 

Bull's  Wharf,  i.  424,  515,  545. 

Bunker  Hill  Monument  Association,  ii. 

530. 
Castle  William,  i.  186,  395  ;  ii.  139,  142, 

168,  196,  203,  209,  212,  217,  226,  2S4, 

285,  2S8,  310,  618 
Central  Wharf,  ii.  530. 
Children's  Mission,  ii.  513. 
City  Hall,  ii.  620. 
Clarke's  Ship-yard,  ii.  419. 
Commercial  Wharf,  ii.  530. 
Common,  i.  20,   83,  311,  507,  508;  ii.  39, 

121,  208,  2S4-286. 
Copp's  Hill,  ii.  290,  443,  452. 
Cotton  Hill,  i.  76,  Si,  ?>2,  145. 
Court  House,  i.  Si ;  ii.  40,  116,  136,  137, 

139,  196,  200,  203,  212,  213. 
Craigie's  Bridge,  ii.  480. 
Custom  House,  i.  250;  ii.  311. 
East,  i.  24  ;  ii.  530,  566. 

See  Noddle's  Island. 
Episcopal  Charitable  Society,  i.  249,  337. 
Evangelical  Missionary  Society,   ii.  466. 
Exchange,  The,  i.  42,  51. 
Faneuil  Hall,  i.  380;  ii.  54,  57,  62,  203, 

20S,  212,  283,  332,  359,  403. 
Faneuil  Hall  Market  House,  ii.  72. 
Farm  School,  ii.  539. 
Female  Orphan  Asylum,  ii.  557. 
Forest  Hills  Cemetery,  ii.  319. 
Fort  Hill,  i.  85  ;  ii.  212,  226,  284. 
Globe  Bank,  ii.  594. 
Granary  Burying  Ground,  i.  92,  250;  ii. 

52.-  319- 
Hancock  House,  ii.  163. 
Hancock  Sunday  School,  ii.  540. 
Hancock's  Wharf,  ii.  284. 
Harbor,  i.  41;  ii.  40,  142,  208,  226,  312, 

369- 
Heart  and  Crown  (Sign  of  the),  i.  505. 
Howard  Sunday  School,  ii.  540. 
Howard  Benevolent  Society,  ii.  468. 
Humane   Society  of    Massachusetts,    ii. 

4S0. 
King's  Chapel  Burying  Ground,  i.  198 ; 

ii-  55>  142,  154.  172- 
See  Old  Burying-place. 
Land  Bank,  The,  ii.  157. 
Liberty  Tree,  ii.  226. 
Long  Island,  i.  50S. 
Long  Wharf,  i.  270;   ii.   141,   196,  200, 

2S2-2S4. 
Longwood,  ii.  533, 
Lowell  Institute,  i.  219;  ii.  527. 
Massachusetts  Bank,  ii.  475. 
Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  i.  380 ; 

ii.  116,344,486,533,  534. 


Boston,  Mass.  {contmued). 

Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  i.  150, 
225;  ii.  viii.  344,  365,  366,  380,  395, 
401,  402,  480,  490,  533,  534,  541-543, 
562,  563,  576. 

Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  i.  372, 
397,  406  ;  ii.  370,  4S0. 

Merchants  Bank  Building,  ii.  102. 

Mill  Creek,  i.  324. 

Minot  Building,  ii.  152. 

Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  ii.  364. 

Neck,  i.  20,  42;  ii.  285,  288. 

New  England  Historic  Genealogical  So- 
ciety, ii.  535,  540,  576,  618. 

Niles's  Block,  ii.  52. 

North  End,  i.  315,  316,  322,  324,  380, 
484;  ii.  240,  419,  452,  530,  566. 

Old    Burying-place,  i.  198. 

See  King's  Chapel  Burying  Ground. 

Old  Corner  Bookstore,  i.  249. 

Old  State  House,  i.  43  ;  ii.  2S3,  318,  319, 

333'  334- 
Old  Town  House,  ii.  240,  335, 

See  Town  House. 
Pemberton  Hill,  ii.  46. 
Post  Office,  ii.  367. 
Prince  Library,  i.  467. 
Prison,  i.  499. 

Prison  Discipline  Society,  ii.  46S. 
Provident     Association,     ii.     508,     513, 

575- 
Province  House,  i.  xviii,  56,  69,  144,  375, 

379,  3S0,  530;  ii-  40.  79,  81,  82,  131, 

136,  ^37,  139,   14°,  ^63,  203,  204,  212, 

2S3,  563. 
Public  Latin  School,  i.  83,  151,  525  ;  ii. 

55,  67;  258,  272,  288,  368,  378,   537, 

620. 
Quincy  Market,  ii.  116. 
Rogers  Building,  ii.  340. 
Sailors'  Snug  Harbor,  ii.  534. 
Scollay's  Buildings,  ii.  46. 
Shaw  Asylum  for  Mariners'  Children,  ii. 

531- 
Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  ii.  171. 
Soldiers'  Hospital,  Pemberton  Square,  ii. 

550. 
South  End,  i.  249,  363,  395,  4S4. 
South  Latin  School,  ii.  60. 
State  Bank,  i.  482. 
State  House,  i.  63  ;  ii.  344,  379,  562. 
Suffolk  Savings  Bank,  ii.  344. 
Town  Dock,  i.  93. 
Town    House,   Town   Hall,  i.  43,    188 ; 

ii.  28,  213,  288. 

See  Old  Town  House.  * 

Tri-Mountain,  i.  14. 
Union  Wharf,  ii.  419. 
United  States  Branch  Bank,  ii.  475. 
United  States  Bank,  ii.  608. 
Washington  Gardens,  i.  515. 
Wednesday  Evening  Club,  ii.  4S0. 
West,  ii.  286. 


INDEX    OF   PLACES. 


679 


Borton,  Mass.  {continued). 
Churches. 
Antipaedobaptist,  ii.  340,  342. 
Arlington  Street, 

Church  in  Long  Lane, 

Federal  Street, 

Presbyterian,  • 

i-4S3;  "•  341,  50°.  530.  558- 
Benevolent  Fraternity  of,  ii.  50S,  511,  512. 
Bennet  Street,  ii.  342. 
Brattle  Street, 
Brattle  Square, 
Church  in  Brattle  Close, 
Manifesto, 
i-  91-94,  137,  13S.  1S4,  209,  362,  378, 
480,  481,  533  ;  ii.  92,  209,  334,  341, 
364,  368,417,  445,  558. 
Bulfinch  Place, 

Bulfinch  Street  Mission, 
ii.  540,  566. 
Christ, 

The  New  Church, 
i.  X,  xiv,  XV,  xviii,  iiS,  135,  264,  2S5, 
312.  315.  317-319,  321-32S,  334, 
337,  347,  365,  377,  3S6,  399,  424, 
425,  456,  457,  459,  465,  467,478, 
4S1-483,  495,  504,  520,  522,  529, 
530 ;  ii-  23,  Z2i^  46,  61,  84, 121,  172, 
174,  178,  180-182,  232,  235,  238,  243, 
264,  334,  32,'^,  341,  352,  353,  393, 
405,  420,  425,  427,  428,  437. 
Church  of  the  Disciples,  ii.  491,  492,  510. 
First, 

Brick  Meeting-House  in  Cornhill, 
Chauncy  Street, 
Old  Brick, 
The  Old, 
i.  8,  9,  19,  32-34,  65,  69,  92,  105, 
108,  120,  205,   210,  251,    259,   299, 

357,  2,(^2,,  Zn-,  4S0,  498,  5°5>  533  ;  ii- 
35,  125,  282,  334,  340,  417,  452,  490, 

491,  510,  558.  _       . 
First  Universalist,  ii.  153. 
French,  i.  134,  160,  25 1  ;  ii.  1 13,  33?,  342. 
Friend  Street  Chapel,  ii.  540. 
Friends  Meeting  House,  ii.  341. 
HoUis  Street,  i.  533;  ii.  238,  334,  341, 

400,  467,  483,  558. 
Indiana  Place  Chapel,  ii.  510. 
New  Brick,  i.  32,  363;  ii.  340. 
New  Light  Congregation,  ii.  113. 
New  North,  i.   193,   270,    363,  533 ;    ii. 

288,  306,  334,  341,  530,  563,  616-618. 
New  South,  i.  285,  363  ;  ii.  334,  341,  445, 

446. 
Old  South, 

New  Meeting-House, 

South, 

South  Brick, 

Third. 
i-  xiii,  33,  34,  36,  46,  48,  65,  67-71, 
75,  n^  79,  80,  87,  91,  94,  107,  loS, 
125,   178,   251,   279,  302,  363,  117, 


Boston,  Mass.  {continued). 
Churches  {continued). 

397,  406  ;  ii.  112,  114,  116,  166,  204, 
208,    252,  320,    332-335,  337,    341. 
373,  379,  417,  4S3,  564,  622. 
Pitts  Street  Chapel,  ii.  469,  508,  540. 
St.  Paul's,  ii.  116,  319,  436,  533. 
St.  Stephen's  (Episcopal),  ii.  533. 

(Roman  Catholic),  ii.  618. 
Second, 

Brick  Church  at  North  End, 
North, 
i.  32,  65,  66,  71,  90,  179,   193,  2^1, 
3'5,  340,  354,  l^l ;  ii-  240,  340,  452, 
.  558. 
Trinity, 
The  New  Church, 
i.  X,  XV,  xviii,   253,  396,    421,  424, 

426,  480,  4S1,    4S3,   485-49S,    520, 
'522.  525,   533-53S,  540,  548;  ii.  46, 

72,  77,84,  108-110,  113-115,  121- 
123,  125,  172,  184,  332,  338,  339, 
341,  351,  357,  358,  362,  376,  377, 
381,   390,   393,   420,   421,   423-425, 

427,  430,  431,  433,  434,   436,  437, 

439,  440,  457,  558_,_5'''3- 
Warren  Street  Chapel,  ii.  509,  510,  512. 
West,  i.  482,  533,  537 ;  ii.  253,  260,  280, 

342,  403,  526. 
Streets. 

Back  (Salem),  ii.  192,  193,  340,  342. 

Beacon  Hill  and  Street,  i.  58,  83,  206, 249. 

Bennet,  ii.  342. 

Bishop's  Alley  (Hawley  Street),  i.  484. 

Blackstone,  i.  324. 

Bowdoin  Square,  ii.  147,  343,  474, 

Brattle,  i.  35,  362  ;  ii.  47,  341. 

Brattle  Close,  i.  137,  208. 

Brattle  Square,  i.  37,  208,  363. 

Bromfield,  Bromfield's  Lane,  ii.  57,  344. 

Cambridge,  ii.  479. 

'Change  Avenue,  1.93. 

Clark,  ii.  618. 

Columbus  Avenue,  ii.  153. 

Common  (Tremont),  ii.  472,  473. 

Congress,  ii.  341. 

Cornhill,    Cornhill   Street    (Washington 

Street),  i.  205,  279,  280,  299,403,  505; 

ii.  182,  241,340,421,430. 
Court,  ii.  152,  332,  344. 
Devonshire,  ii.  367. 
Dock  Square,  ii.  160, 
Dudley,  ii.  163. 
Essex,  ii.  208. 
Exchange,  Exchange  Place,  i.  334  ;    ii. 

102. 
Federal,  i.  483  ;_  ii.  341,  435,  530. 
Fish  (North),  ii.  419. 
Friend,  ii.  4S9. 
Garden  Court,  ii.  316. 
Garden  Court  Square,  ii.  228. 
Hanover,  i.32;  ii.  152,312,  340,341,  618. 
Harris,  ii.  618. 


680 


INDEX   OF    PLACES. 


Boston,  Mass.  {continued). 
Streets  {continued). 

Hawkins  (Clark),  ii.  6i8. 

Hawley,  i.  484. 

Mollis,  i.  482,  533;  ii.  341,  445,  5oi- 

Kilby,  ii.  530. 

King  (State),  i.  201,  205,  206,  403  ;  ii.  28, 

loi,  136,  139,  157,  196,  200,  207,  208, 

283,285,287,310,312,331. 
Leverett  Lane  (Congress  Street),  ii.  341. 
Long   Lane    (Federal    Street),   i.   4S3 ; 

ii.  121,  341, 
Lynde,  ii.  342. 

Mackerell  Lane  (Kilby  Street),  ii.  93. 
Main  (Washington),  i.  93. 
Market    Place    (Faneuil   Hall   Square), 

ii.  28. 
Marlborough  (Washington),  i.  380,  397, 

424;  ii.  14S,  332,  341. 
Merrimack,  ii.  540. 
Middle  (Hanover),  ii.  340. 
Milk,  i  34,  421 ;  ii.  480. 
Moss  Place,  ii.  479. 
Mountfort    Corner    ('Change    Avenue), 

i-  93- 
Newbury  (Washington),  i.  249. 
North  (Hanover),  ii.  341,  618. 
North  Square,  ii.  340. 
North  Bennet,  ii.  560. 
Park,  ii.  319. 
Pearl,  ii.  160,  474. 
Pemberton  Square,  i.  83;  ii.  550. 
Portland,  ii.  540. 

Prison  Lane  (Court  Square),  i.  75,  86. 
Pudding  Lane  (Devonshire  Street), i.  205. 
Queen  (Court),  i.  205,  499;  ii.  152,  241, 

Salem,  ii.  340-342. 

School,  i.  83,  94,  249,  266,  530  ;  ii.  52,  55, 
5S-60,  67,  75,  81,   153,  204,  288,  338, 

342>  344.  472,  473.  619. 
Scollay  Square,  ii.  288. 
Sea  (Federal),  i.  515. 
Shirley,  ii.  164. 
South,  ii.  477. 

State,  i.  334  ;  ii.  102,  332,  340. 
Summer,  i.  421,  424,  484,   515  ;  ii.  34T, 

558. 
Temple  Place,  i.  515. 
Tremont,  i.  83,  246,  249;   ii.  288,  344, 

345,  472,  619. 
Washington,  i.  34,  93,  380  ;  ii.  208,  340, 

341- 
West,  i.  515. 

White  Bread  Alley  (Harris  Street),  ii.  618. 
Taverns. 
American  House,  ii.  152. 
Black  Horse,  i.  249. 
Blue  Anchor,  i.  91. 
British  Coffee  House,  ii.  196. 
Bull,  i.  424,  541. 
Bunch  of  Grapes,  i.  380. 
Crown  and  Blue  Gate,  i.  286. 


Boston,  Mass.  (continued). 
Taverns  {continued). 

E.xchange,  i.    158,    197,   201,   216,   242, 

291. 
Green  Dragon,  i,  197,  373  ;  ii.  294. 
Heart  and  Crown,  Cornhill,  i.  403. 
King's  Arms,  ii.  160. 
Lighthouse,  ii.  28. 
Orange  Tree,  i.  201. 
Pearl  Street  House,  ii.  474. 
Revere  House,  ii.  474. 
Royal  Exchange,  ii.  15,  18,  102. 
Sudbury  Inn,  ii.  163. 
Sun,  ii.  28,  29,  31. 

Three  Bibles  and  Crown,  King  St.,  i.  403. 
Botolph  Lane.     See  London. 
Bowdoin   College,   Brunswick,   Me.,   ii.   199, 

207,  499,  519. 
Boyne,  Battle  of  the,  i.  233,  234. 
Brackley,  Northamptonshire,  Eng.,  i.  387. 
Braintree,  Braintry,  Brantry,  i.  xiv,  91,  120, 
190,  235,  253,  256-259,  285,  325,  361, 
364,  420,  447-449,  452,  472;  ii.  20,  24, 
46,  72,  78,  89,  108,  169,  238,  254,  258, 
262,  390. 
Churcli,  i.  258,  259. 
Brandywine,  Fenn  ,  ii.  562. 
Brattleborough,  Vt.,  ii.  536. 
Brattle  Close.     See  Boston. 
Braughing,  Deanry  of,  Eng.,  i.  541. 
Bridgemorton,  Worcestershire,  Eng.,  i,  T43. 
Bridgewater,  Mass.,  i.  520. 
Brimfield,  Mass.,  i.  471. 
Bristol,  Eng.,  i.  92,  225,  446  ;  ii.  90,  91,  95, 

96,  97,  144,  338,  347-349,  536. 

Queen's  Square,  ii.  347. 
Bristol  County,  Mass.,  ii.  117,  528. 
Bristol  R.  L,  i.  447,  460,  471  ;  ii.  346,  352. 
British  Channel,  ii.  315. 
Britwell,  Oxfordshire,  Eng.,  i.  545. 
Bromley,  Eng.,  i.  545,  546. 
Brookfield,  Mass.,ii.  435,  533. 
Brookline,  Mass.,  ii.  206,  359,  541. 

.Si"!?  Chestnut    Hill;  Longwood  ;  Muddy 
River. 
Brooklyn,  Conn.,  ii.  121,  397,  469,  540. 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  ii.  557. 
Brown  University.     See  Providence. 
Brunswick-Lunenburg,  Germany,  i.  236. 
Brunswick,  Maine,  i.  428. 
Buckinghamshire,  Eng.,  i.  387. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  ii.  8. 

St.  Paul's  Church,  ii.  8. 
Bull  Run.  Va.,  ii.  554,  611,  615. 
Bunker  Hill.     See  Charlestown. 
Burlington,   N.  J.,  i.   152,  174,  186,  223;  ii. 

233,  245- 

St.  Mary's  Church,  i.  152. 
Burlington,  Vt.,  ii.  491. 
Burton  Avery,  Eng.,  ii.  158. 
Byfield,  Mass.,  ii.  49S. 

Dunimer  Academy,  ii.  154,  498. 
Byram  River,  Conn.,  ii.  5. 


INDEX   OF    PLACES. 


68 1 


c. 


,AERMARTHEN,  South  Wales,  ii.  446. 
Calcutta,  India,  ii.  364. 
Caiiiberwell,  Surrey,  Eng.,  i.  iiS. 
Cambridge,    Town    and    University,    Eng., 
i.  9,   14,  64,   148,  157,   171,  256,  267, 
321,    380;  ii.    23,    71,    177,    193,   231, 
258,   272,  273,  345,  413,  527. 
Catherine  Hall,  ii.  23. 
Emanuel  College,  i.  14. 
Jesus  College,  i.  194,  206,  256,  337;  ii. 

177,  25S,  272,  273. 
St.  John's  College,  i.  157. 
Trinity  College,  i.  380  ;  ii.  193. 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  i.  iv,  19,  22,  25,  54,  65,  72, 
105,  106,  113,  120,  122,  209,  210,  235, 
289,  299,  309,  347,  357,  3S1,  397,  435, 

454,  505-  52S,  551;  ii-  46,  47,  5°,  7^, 
121,  122,   139,  144,  162,  163,  172,  177, 
217,  238,  241,  254,  25S,  262,  272,  273, 
2S7,  297,  298,  315,  338,  350,  35r,  362, 
375,  376,  379,  3S6,  402,  407,  408,  444, 
459,  480,  500,  543,  553,  559,  561,  574, 
576,  616. 
Burial  Ground,  ii.  315. 
Christ   Church,  i.   122;    ii.  47,   76,  121, 
144,  172,  177,  272,  297,  298,  350,  375, 
376. 
Church  Row,  ii.  47. 
Elmwood,  ii.  47. 
First  Church,  i.  22,  120,  210. 
Lechmere's  Point,  i.  235. 
Phipps  Farm,  ii.  287. 
Tories'  Row,  ii.  162. 
University  Press,  i.  iv,  551. 
Wells  Mansion,  ii.  163. 
Sfe  Harvard  College. 
Cambridgeshire,  Eng.,  i.  267. 
Canaan,  i.  28. 

Canada,  i.  3,  60,  61,  84,   175,  179,   187,  198, 
234,  379;    ii-  xiii,  .xiv,  134,  143,  194, 
206,  213,  218,  253,  283,  312. 
Lower,  ii.  195. 
Caner's  Pond,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  ii.  3. 
Canterbury,  Eng.,  i.  56,  167,194;  ii.  246. 
Capawock.    See  Martha's  Vineyard. 
Cape    Ann    (Gloucester),    Mass.,    i.    7;    ii. 

359- 
Cape   Breton,   N.   S.,    ii.    37,    39,    50,    131, 

157- 
Cape  Cod,  Mass.,  ii.  313,  378. 
Cape  .Sable,  N.  S.,i.  410. 
Cardiff,  South  Wales,  ii.  346,  347. 
Carmarthenshire,  Wales,  i.  366. 
Carolina,  i.  273. 

Carricksdrumruske,  Ireland,  i.  141. 
Casco  Bay,  Maine,  ii.  161. 
Castle-Bar,  Ireland,  ii.  2S2. 
Castle  Island,  Ireland,  ii.  2S2. 
Castle  William.     See  Boston. 
Castras  Languedoc,  France,  i.  232. 
Cecil  County,  Md.,  i.  318. 
Cedar  Creek,  Va.,  ii.  527. 


Cedar  Mountain,  Va,,  ii.  554,  611,  615. 
Chancellorsville,  Va.,  ii.  614. 
Charles  River,  Mass.,  ii.  287,  290. 
Charleston,  S.  C,  i.  253  ;  ii.  143,  614. 

See  Fort  Sullivan. 
Charlestown,  Mass.,  i.  14,  23,  94,  9S,  109,  118, 
139,  160,  235,  247,  312,  317,  325,  331, 
514;  ii.  46,  139,  142,  161,  203,  212, 
226,  231,  287,  288,  290,  291,  297,  319, 
378,  459,  480,  490,  536,  616,  621. 
Bunker  Hill,  i.   229,   234 ;   ii.  22S,  240, 

287,  290,  291,  294,  297,  299,  305,  315, 
316,  318,  330,  358,  530. 

Bunker  Hill  Monument,  ii.  319. 

First  Church,  i.  33. 

Harvard  Church,  ii.  454,  459,  490,  616. 

Mystic    or    Mystick    Side,   i.    523 ;    11. 
480. 

Neck,  ii.  291. 

Ten  Hills  Farm,  ii.  29S. 
Charter  House.     See  London. 
Chaudiere  River,  Canada,  ii.  12S. 
Chebucto,  N.  S.,  ii.  51. 

Harbor,  ii.  354. 
Chelsea,  Mass.,  ii.  480,  535,  536. 

Marine  Hospital,  ii.  4S0. 

See  Point  Shirley  ;  Pulling  Point ;  Rum- 
ney  Marsh. 
Chesapeake  Hospital,  Va.,  ii.  613. 
Cheshire,  Eng.,  ii.  188. 
Chester,  Penn.,  i.  194. 
Chester  School,  Eng.,  i.  157. 
Chestnut  Hill,  Brookline,  Mass.,  ii.  541. 
Chichester,  Eng  ,  i.  276. 
Chickamauga,  Ga.^  ii.  554,  555,  612. 
Cincinnati,  0.,ii.  499,  500,  548,  574, 
City  Point,  Va.,  ii.  614. 
Ciudad  Rodrigo,  Spain,  i.  234. 
Clapham,  Eng.,  i.  207. 
Cobbisconto  Estate,  Maine,  ii.  356. 
Cobbosee  Contee  River,  Maine,  ii.  149. 
Cockpit.     See  London. 
Cohasset,  Mass.,  i.  xii. 
Cold  Springs.     See  Hopkinton. 
Cologne,  Germany,  i.  194. 
Colooney,  Ireland,  i.  141. 
Columbia  College.     See  New  York. 
Concord,  Mass.,  i.  67,  234  ;  ii.  219,  22S,  2S7, 

288,  531. 
River,  ii.  156. 

Connecticut,  i.  ^3,  63,  74,  85,  116,  147,  173, 
174,  187,  228,  287,  296,  3T1-315,  318, 
319,  321-323,  325,  353,  367,  409,  453, 
474, 485,  516,  520,  521 ;  ii.  2,  3,  5,  6,  8, 
II,  15, 121, 151,  176,  192,  231,  235,  243, 
246,  247,  250,  257,  264,  275,  284,  299, 

303,  304,  375,  383,  384,  397,  469,  540- 
River,  ii.  304. 
Corintli,  Greece,  i.  513. 
Cornhill.     See  Boston  and  London. 
Cotton  Hill.     See  Boston. 
Cowes,  Eng.,  i.  36. 
Craddock  House.     See  Medford. 


682 


INDEX   OF   PLACES. 


Craigie's  Bridge.     See  Boston. 

Cranibrook,  Kent,  Eng.,  ii.  154. 

Crete,  Turkey,  i.  323. 

Crokerton,  Cardiff,  Wales,  ii.  347. 

Crown  Point,  N.  Y.,  ii.  134,  135. 

Croydon,  near  London,  Eng.,  ii.  272,  273, 

Cuba,  ii.  450. 

Culloden,  Scotland,  i.  234  ;  ii.  38. 

Cumberland,  Eng.,  ii.  188. 

Cumberland,  R.  I.     See  Study  Hill. 

Cutts  Island,  Kittery,  Maine,  i.  18. 


D. 


'ACRE,  Cumberland,  Eng.,  ii.  188. 
Danvers,  Mass.,  i.  469. 

First  Parish,  i.  469. 
Dartmouth,  Mass.,  i.  442. 
Darmouth  College,  N.  H.,  ii.  52S,  534. 
Datchet,  Eng.,  i.  248. 
Dayton,  Ohio,  ii.  500. 
Dedhani,    Mass.,  i.   92,    136 ;  ii.  203,  434, 

4S0. 
Deering,  N.  H.,  ii.  159. 
Delaware,  i.  63. 

River,  i.  223. 
Demerara,  British  Guiana,  ii.  143. 
Denmark,  i.  109,  147. 
Derby,  Eng.,  ii.  474. 
Derbyshire,  Eng.,  ii.  206. 
Dettingen,  Bavaria,  i.  234. 
Devonshire,  Eng.,  i.  18,  go;  ii.  149,  446. 
District  of  Columbia,  ii.  469. 
Dorchester,  Mass.,  i.  19,  20,  93,  94,  184,  185, 
1S9, 235, 256,  395  ;  ii.  47,  121,  158, 161, 
291,  297,  364,  452,  530. 

First  Church,  i.  20. 
Dorchester,  S.  C. 

St.  George's  Parish,  i.  525,  526. 
Dorsetshire,  Eng.,  ii.  355. 
Dover,  N.  H.,  i.  157. 
Droitwich,  Eng.     See  Dwitwich. 
Dublin,  Ireland,  i.  296,  304  ;  ii.  362. 
Dummer  Academy.     See  Byfield. 
Dungeness,  Eng.,  i.  214. 
Dunkeld,  Scotland,  ii.  121. 
Dunkirk,  Scotland,  ii.  38. 
Dunstable,  Mass.,  i.  79. 
Durham  University,  Eng.,  ii.  144. 
Durrington,  Eng.,  i.  390,  543. 
Dwitwich  (  ?  Droitwich),  Eng.,  i.  141. 


XL  AST  Boston,  Mass.     See  Boston. 

East  India  College.     See  Haileybury. 

East  Indies,  i.  47. 

East  Jersey,  i.  152. 

East  Milton,  Mass.,  ii.  287. 

East  Riding,  Yorkshire,  Eng.,  ii.  206. 

Eastham,  Mass.  i.  246. 

Eccles,  Lancashire,  Eng.,  i.  247, 

Edburton,  Sussex,  Eng.,  i.  152. 


Edgartown,  Mass.,  ii.  252. 
Edge  Hill,  Eng.,  i.  387. 
Edinburgh,  Scotland,  i.  296  ,•  ii.  369. 

University  of,  ii.  379. 
Egypt,  i.  234,  281  ;  ii.  577. 
Eleutherea,  Bahama  Islands,  i.  49, 
Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  i.  299,  303,  475. 
Ellengreg  Castle,  Scotland,  i.  94. 
Emanuel  College.     See  Cambridge,  Eng. 
English  Channel,  ii.  315. 
Epsom,  Eng.,  i.  541. 
Essex  County,  Eng.  i.  7,  93,  157,  267,  389, 

390, 541. 543 ;  "•  364, 419- 

Eton,  Eng.,  i.  248. 

Euphrates  River,  Turkey,  i.  315. 

Europe,  i.  109,  147,  245,  397,  412  ;  ii.  148, 
172,  211,  356,  362,  402,412,  500,501,518, 
520,  541,  544,  556,  560,  577,  623. 

Everton  House,  Bedfordshire,  Eng.,  ii.  201. 

Evesham,  Worcestershire,  Eng.,  i.  235. 

Exeter,  England,  i.  43,  272,  483 ;  ii.  100,  126, 

193- 
St.  Peter's  Cathedral,  ii.  126. 
E.Keter,  N.  H.  ii.  498,  499. 


X^  AIRFIELD,  Conn.,  ii.  2-11,  15,  17,  18, 

21,  247,  292,  346. 

Greenfield  [Hill],  ii.  2. 

Mill  Plain,  ii.  2,  8. 

St.  Paul's  Church,  ii.  8. 

Trinity  Church,  ii.  2,  4,  8. 
Fairfield  County,  Conn.,  ii.  6. 
Fall  River,  Mass.,  i.  24S  ;  ii.  469, 
Falmouth,  Eng.     See  Faymouth. 
Falmouth,  Maine,  ii.  128,  177,  180. 

First  Congregational  Society,  ii.  12S, 
Faneuil  Hall.    See  Boston. 
Faymouth,  (?  Falmouth,  Eng.),  i.  132. 
Finsbury.     See  London. 
Florence,  Italy,  ii.  143. 
Florida,  i.  i  ;  ii.  502. 
Fobbing, "Eng.,  i.  542. 
Forest  Hills  Cemetery,  ii.  319. 
Fort  Cumberland,  Md.,  ii.  135. 
Fort  du  Quesne,  Penn.,  ii.  135. 
Fort  Fisher,  Wilmington,  N.  C,  ii.  612. 
Fort  Hill.     See  Boston. 

Fort  Sullivan  (later  Fort  Moultrie),  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  ii.  563. 
Fort  Wagner,  S.  C,  ii.  554,  611. 
Framingham,  Mass.,  i.  183,  341. 
France,  i.  31,  84,  109,  119,  179-181,212,  216, 
218,  222,  234,  410,  499  ;  ii.  72,  86,  122,  133, 
143.  153'  1981  207,  211,  214,  445. 
Francestown,  N.  H.,  ii.  159. 
Fredericksburg,  Va.,  ii.  614. 

Marye's  Hill,  ii.  614. 
Freetown,  Mass,  i.  248. 
Fulham.     See  London. 


INDEX   OF    PLACES. 


683 


VjrARDINER,  Maine,  i.  325  ;  ii.  147,  149, 

150.  3ti.3'3.  353- 

Christ  Cliurch,  ii.  150. 
Gardineiston,  Maine,  ii.  149. 
Gath,  ii.  2S4. 
Gay  Head,  Mass.,  ii.  253. 
Geneva,  Switzerland,  i.  iS,  207,  303  ;  ii.  544. 

Lake,  i.  303. 
Georgetown,  Maine,  ii.  236. 
Georgia,  i.  477,  503  ;  ii.  70,  4S2,  612,  614. 
Germany,  i.  542;  ii.  121,  200. 
Gerrisli  Island,  Kittery,  Maine,  i.  iS. 
Gettysburg,  Penn.,  ii.  554,  611,  612,  614. 
Gibraltar,  Spain,  i.  233,234,  542,  544;  ii.  144. 
Glamorganshire,  Wales,  i.  194. 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  ii.  ;^'j. 

University,  ii.  14S. 
Gloucester,  Mass.,  ii.  297. 

See  Cape  Ann. 
Golden  Hartichoak  (tavern).     See  London. 
Goree,  Africa,  ii.  3S. 
Gouldsborough,  Maine,  ii.  529. 
Granary  Burying  Ground.     See  Boston. 
Gravel  Pit  Church,  Hackney,  Eng.,  ii.  414. 
Great  Island,  N.  H.,  i.  7^- 
Great  Waldingfield,  Suffolk,  Eng.,  ii.  531. 
Greece,  ii.  557,  577- 
Green  Dragon  Tavern.     See  Boston. 
Greenfield  [Hill].     5^^  Fairfield. 
Greenland,  N.  H.,  i.  iS. 
Grenada,  Island  of,  West  Indies,  ii.  536. 
Groton,  Mass.,  i.  67,  270;  ii.  142,  4S1. 
Grove  Hospital.     See  Portsmouth,  R.  I. 
Guernsey,  i.  63,  93,  39S. 
Guilford,  Conn.,  i.  321 ;  ii.  264. 
Guilford,  Surrey,  Eng.,  i.  404. 
Guinea,  Africa,  i.  232,  38S,  3S9. 
Gurnet,  The.     See  Plymouth. 


H.^ 


.ACKNEY,  Eng.,  ii.  414. 
Hague,  The,  Holland,  ii.  153. 
Haileybury,  near  Hertford,  Herts,  Eng. 

East  India  College,  ii.  144. 
Halifax,  N.  S.,  i.  249;  ii.  55,  179,  192,  195, 
2S3,  284,  2S9,  293,  294,  305,  311-313, 
316-318,  344-346,  350.  354,  476,  480. 

St.  Paul's  Cliurch,  i.  249  ;  ii.  345. 
Hallowell,  Maine,  ii.  362,  52S. 
Hamburg,  Germany,  ii.  121,  154. 
Hammersmith,  Middlesex,  Eng.,  i.  543. 
Hampshire  County,  Mass.,  i.  471. 
Hampton,  N.  H.,  i.  157. 
Hampton,  Va.,  ii.  567,  628. 
Hancock  House.     See  Boston. 
Hanover,  Mass.,  i.  4S2;  ii.  24. 

St.  -Andrew's  Church,  i.  4S2  ;  ii.  24. 
Hanover,  Prussia,  i.  237,  297,  304,  397,  417; 

ii.  226. 
Hartford,  Conn.,  i.  92,  516;  ii.  151,  52S. 

Theological  Seminar)',  ii.  242. 


Harvard  College  or  University,  i.  xiv,  8,  66,  67, 
74,  91-93,  9S,  105,  117,  iiS,  120,124, 
139,  145,  i68,  171,  178,  179,  208,  210, 
234,  235,  256,  258,  270,  271,  285,  302, 
310,  312,  313,  317,  345-349,  397,  453, 
480,  481,  505,  516 ;  ii.  46,  55,  151,  154, 
155,  157,  159,  160,  201,  206,  217,  231, 
238,  247,  258,  260,  311,  312,  315,  316, 

319,  337,  33^>  343,  344,  359,  3^4,  367, 
373y  378-380,  396,  407,  443,  445,  459, 
465,  469,  472,  477,  479-4S2,  488,  491, 
527,  533,  534,  536,  537,  54i,  543.  547, 
563,  569,  571,  573,  574,  577,  608. 

Appleton  Chapel,  ii.  534. 

Divinity  School,   ii.  443,  466,  469,  499, 

5'7,  521,  547,  574- 

Gore  Hall :  Library,  ii.  37,  232,  25S,  266, 
480. 

Harvard  Hall,  ii.  206. 

Holden  Chapel,  ii.  163. 
Hastings,  Eng.,  i.  18. 
Hatcher's  Run,  Va.,  ii.  554. 
Hatfield,  Mass.,  i.  299. 
Havana,  Cuba,  ii.  38. 
Haverhill,  Mass.,  i.  445  ;  ii.  569. 

See  Nutfield. 
Havre,  France,  ii.  362. 
Havre  de  Grace,  France,  ii.  363. 
Hayden  Row.     See  Hopkinton. 
Hebron,  Conn.,  ii.  176,  192,  299,  303. 
Hempstead,  N.  Y.,  i.  120. 
Hertfordshire,  Eng.,  ii.  61S. 
Hillsborough  Count)',  N.  H.,  ii.  541. 
Hingham,  Mass.,  i.  xii,  244,396;  ii.  193,247. 

Meeting  House,  i.  95. 
Holland,  i.  I,  3,  109,  143,  148,  380,  396,  513; 
ii.  192. 

Church  of,  i.  i. 
Hollington,  Cambridgeshire,  Eng.,  i.  267. 
Hollis,  N.  H.,  ii.  541. 
Honduras,  i.  377. 

Hopkinton,  Mass.,  i.  xv,  1S3,  248,  3S9,  434, 
471,  488,  515-521,  528,  541,  544,  545; 
ii.  153,  156,  165,  1S8,  262,  316. 

Cold  Springs,  ii.  156. 

Hayden  Row,  ii.  156. 

Magunco  (or  Magunkaquog)  Hill,  i.  183; 
ii.  156. 

Price  Church,  i.  517. 
Houghton  Conquest,  Bedfordshire,  Eng.,  i. 

Hull,  Eng.,  ii.  48. 
Hyde  Park,  Eng. 

Serpentine  River,  i.  544. 


IOWA,  Diocese  of,  i.  x. 

Ipswich,  Mass.,  i.  173,  279,  4S0;  ii.  35,  63, 

297!  531- 
Ireland,  i.  13,  31,94,  109,  141,  212,  216,  218, 

222,  234,  252.  276,  352,  499;  ii.  3,  49,  50, 

72,  86,  264,  2S3-2S5,  289,  354. 
Italy,  ii.  446,  502. 


684 


INDEX   OF    PLACES. 


J 


AMAICA,  L.  I.,  N.  Y.,  i.  171, 

Jamaica,  W.  I.,  i.  127,  172, 175,  223,  227,  388, 

42S;  ii.  37,  46-48,  173,  174,  315,  357. 
Jamaica  Plain,  Mass.,  ii.  193,  364,  539. 

First  Congregational  Church,  ii.  539. 

Pond,  ii.  206. 

Pond  Street,  ii.  206. 
Jena,  Germany,  ii.  193. 
Jersey,  Island  of,  i.  93,  39S  ;  ii.  121,  147,  362, 

Jerseys,  The,  i.  85,  131,  174. 
Jerusalem,  i.  442;  ii.  113,  23S,  557. 


K. 


^EENE,  N.  H.,  ii.  491. 
Kennebec  River,  Me.,  ii.  47, 128,  149, 150,  529. 
Kennebecque  Mission,  Maine,  ii.  179. 
Kennebeque,  Maine,  ii.  iSo. 
Kensington,  Eng.,  i.  207. 
Kent,  Eng.,  ii.  24,  46,  154. 
Kentucky,  ii.  445. 
Kildare,  Ireland,  ii.  273. 
Kilkenny  Co.,  Ireland,  ii.  49. 
King's  College.     See  New  York. 
Kingston,  R.  I.,  i.  169;  ii.  14S. 

St.  Paul's  Church,  ii.  148. 
Kittery,  Maine,  i.  18,  4S1  ;  ii.  125, 163. 

Pepperell  House,  ii.  163. 
Knox  County,  Maine,  ii.  315. 


L/ 


,ACONIA,  N.  H.,i.  16. 
La  Guira  (La  Guayra),  Venezuela,  ii.  38. 
Lambeth  Palace  and  Library.     See  London. 
Lancashire,  Eng.,  i.  247. 
Land  Bank,  The,  Boston,  ii.  157. 
Land's  End,  Eng.,  i.  4. 
Languedoc,  France,  i.  232, 
Langwm,  Monmouth,  Eng.,  i.  194. 
Lavenham,  Suffolk,  Eng.,  i.  3S2. 
Lechmere's  Point.     See  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Lee,  Essex,  Eng.,  i.  390. 
Leeds,  Yorkshire,  Eng.,  i.  105,  171  ;  ii.  457. 
Leeward  (Leward)  Islands,  i.  223  ;  ii.  129. 
Leicester,  Mass.,  i.  5:7;  ii.  313,  484. 
Leicestershire,  Eng.,  i.  267.  f543- 

Leigh,  Essex,  Eng.,  i.  389;  ii.  419,  464,  541, 
Leipsic,  Germany,  ii.  193. 
Leitrim,  Ireland,  i.  141. 
Lexington,  Ky.,  ii.  445. 

Transylvania  University,  ii.445. 
Lexington,   Mass.,   i.  234,   468;  ii.    55,    168, 

219,  228,  240,  287,  288,  311. 
Leyden,  Holland,  i.  3,  11,  372.  [217. 

Lincoln,  Eng.,  i.  258,  320  ;  ii.  144,  195,  205, 
Lincoln  County,  Maine,  ii.  315,  528. 
Lisbon,  Portugal,  i.  516;  ii.  144,  156. 
Little  Compton,  R.  I.,  i.  256. 
Little  Harbor,  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  ii.  163. 

Wentworth  House,  ii.  163. 
Liverpool,  Eng.,  ii.  411,  412. 


London,  i.  xv,  2,  7,  12,  24,  40,  46-48,  51, 
61,  63,  72,  ^2,  78,  86,  87,  91-94,  100, 
105-107,  113,  116,  118,  121,  123,  130, 
139,  152,  158,  166,  167,  186,  205,  207, 
210,  212-214,  218,  219,  225-227,  233, 
235>  ^27,  238,  242,  249,  266,  267,  272, 
274,  276,  277,  28S,  292,  293,  296,  298, 
316-31S,  320-322,  334,  339,  343,  352, 
354.  35S,  370,  371,  3S0,  3S2-385,  388, 
390,  399,  400,  402,  403,  408,  414,  423, 
424,  427,  451,  467,  491,  516,  522,  523, 
528,  53°)  53I)  533>  541,  544;  ii-  12,  22, 
31,  46-49,  68-70,  85,  88,  91-93)  98, 
100,  103,  104,  120-122,  125,  126,  131, 
146,  148,  156,  160,  169-171:,  173-17S) 
179,  192,  193,  200,  201,  224,  236,  242, 
246,  253,  259-261,  269,  272-274,  282, 
284,  290,  293,  304,  312-318,  345-349, 
354-357,  368,  369,  39o>  404,  405>  412, 
413,  420,  474,  478,  529,  562. 

Botolph  Lane,  i.  152. 

Bow  Street  Church,  ii.  251. 

British  Museum,  ii.  531. 

Charter  House,  i.  470. 

Cockpit,  Whitehall,  ii.  13. 

Cornhill,  i.  403. 

Essex  Street  Chapel,  ii.  412,  413,  414. 

Finsbury,  ii.  30,  273. 

Foundling  Hospital,  i.  113  ;  ii.  70. 

Fulham,  i.  168,  173,  331.  336,  464  ;  ii.  14. 

Golden  Hartichoak  (tavern),  i.  541. 

Gravel  Pit  Church,  Hackney,  ii.  414. 

Inner  Temple,  ii.  357,  397. 

Lambeth  Palace  and  Library,  i.  x  ;  ii. 
267,  374- 

Lincoln's  Inn,  ii.  67, 

Margaret   Street,  Cavendish  Square,  ii. 

347- 
Rose,  The,  St.    Paul's  Church-Yard,  i. 

296. 
Royal  College  of  Physicians,  i.  406,  427. 
Royal  Exchange,  i.  105,  202,  203,    334, 

360,    380,  473,  522. 
St.  George's,  Botolph  Lane,  i.  152, 
St.  James,  Court  of,  ii.  1S8,  463. 
St,  Mary-le-Bow,  ii.  273. 
St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  i.  166  ;  ii.  273. 
St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  i.  296. 
St.  Peter's,  Cornhill,  i.  403. 
St.  Peter's,  Vere  Street,  Oxford  Street, 

ii-  345- 
Salters'-Hall,  i.  272. 
Somerset  House,  i.  243. 
Strand,  The,  i.  541. 
Tower,  The,  i.  298. 
Tower  Hill,  i.  211. 
Westminster,  i.  138,  391  ;  ii.  50,  88,  188, 

357- 
Westminster  Abbey,  i.  70,  94;  ii-  50,  1S8. 
Whitehall,  i.  10,  60,   109,  343,  435.  436, 

441,  461,  467,  468,  542  ;    ii.  13,  1S8. 
Wimpole  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Mary-le- 

bone,  Middlesex,  ii.  47. 


INDEX   OF   PLACES. 


685 


Londonderry,  Ireland,  i.  274,  311. 
Londonderry,  N.  H.     See  Nutficld. 
Long-Ash  ton,  Eng.,  ii.  348. 
Long  Island.     See  Boston. 
Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  i.  170,  171. 

Historical  Society,  i.  72. 
Long-Stanton,  Cambridgeshire,  Eng.,  i.  267. 
Longwood   (Boston ;   Brookline),    Mass.,  ii. 

533- 
Louisburg,  N.  S.,  i.  531 ;  ii.  38,  39,  50,  122, 
i25>  129,  133,  140,  158,  212,  213,  218,  239, 

345- 
Louisville,  Ky.,  it.  499. 
Lowell,  Mass.,  i.  215  ;  ii.  474,  532,  533. 

See  Middlesex  Canal. 
Ludlow,  Wales,  ii.  144. 
Lynd's  Island,  Maine,  ii.  149. 
Lynn,  Mass.,  i.  156,  157. 


M. 


LACON,  Ga.,  ii.  614. 
Madagascar,  Maddagasker,  i.  119. 
Magdalen  College.     See  Oxford. 
Magnolia,  Mass.,  ii.  567. 
Magunco     (or     Magunkaquog)    Hill.       See 

Hopkinton. 
Maine,  i.  viii,  xiii,  14,   16,  41,  90,  299,  325, 

428  ;  ii.  47,   128,   147,   149,   150,    177,  180, 

236,  304>  3'i>  3'3.  315.  353>  359,  363,  467, 
528,  529,  531,  541. 
Maiden,  Mass.,  ii.  480. 
Malplaquet,  France,  i.  233,  234. 
Manchester,  Mass.,  i.  235. 
Manchester  Court,  Eng.,  ii.  100. 
Manhados,  The  ( Manhattan,  now  New  York), 

i.  14. 
Marblehead,  Mass.,  i.  xiv,  n8,  238,  241,  253, 
259-262,  318,  333,  2,2,7,  339>  346,  362, 
364,  392,  403,  412,  447,  449,  472,  515  ; 
ii.  163,  254,  303,  316,  393,  517. 
Second  Congregational  Church,  ii.  517. 
St.   Michael's  Church,    i.   260,  261  ;  ii. 

•     393- 
Marine  Hospital.     See  Chelsea. 
Marlborough,  Mass.,  ii.  i2r,  364,  366. 
Marshfield,  Mass.,  ii.  352. 
Martha's   Vineyard    (Capawock),    Mass.,  ii. 

252,  253. 
Martinique,  West  Indies,  i.  115  ;  ii.  38,  357. 
Marye's  Hill.     See  Fredericksburg. 
Maryland,  i.  61-63,  217,  219,  237,  250,  257, 

266,  298,  318,  385  ;  ii.  180,  231,  236,  611. 
Mascarene,  Nova  Scotia,  ii.  52. 
Mayfield,  Sussex,  Eng.,  ii.  483. 
Meadville,  Penn.,  ii.  499.  [j'l- 

Medford,  Mass.,  i.  465,  467,  471  ;  ii.  161,  163, 
Craddock  House,  ii.  163. 
Royall  House,  ii.  163. 
Mediterranean,  The,  i.  233,  234. 
Mendin.     Sec  Minden. 
Merrimack  River,  Mass.,  ii.  526. 
Merrymeeting  Bay,  Maine,  ii.  149. 
Mertlake  Church,  Conn.,  i.  116. 


Methuen,  Mass.,  ii.  569. 
Metz,  Germany,  ii.  559. 
Middlesex,  Eng.,  i.  543;  ii.  47, 
Middlesex  Canal,  Mass.,  ii.  480. 
Middlese.x  Canal  Corporation,  ii.  475,  480, 
Middlesex  County,  Mass.,  i.  244,  245;  ii.  46, 

145,  281,  303. 
Middletown,  Conn.,  ii.  8. 
Mill  Creek.     See  Boston. 
Mill  Plain.     See  Fairfield. 
Milton,  Mass.,  i.  43,  249,  258,285;    ii.  217, 
396,  509. 
First  Church  and  Society,  ii.  509. 
Minden,  Prussia,  i.  544  ;  ii.  283. 
Missouri,  ii.  544. 
Mobile,  Ala.,  ii.  500. 
Mohawk  River,  N.  Y.,  ii.  135. 
Monadnock  Mountain,  N.  H.,  ii.  156. 
Monhegan  Island,  Maine,  i.  2. 
Monmouthshire,  Eng.,  i.  194. 
Monongahela  River,  Penn.,  ii.  265. 
Montevideo,  Uruguay,  i.  234. 
Montreal,  Canada,  ii.  221,  283. 
Moorfields,  Eng.,  ii.  39. 
Morocco,  Africa,  i.  119,  233. 
Morris  Island,  S.  C,  ii.  530, 
Moscow,  Russia,  ii.  403. 
Moulins,  France,  ii.  445. 
Mount  Desert,  Maine,  ii.  207. 
Mount  Gerizim,  Palestine,  ii.  113. 
Mountfort  Corner.     See  Boston. 
Mt.  Wollaston,  Mass.,  i.  14. 
Muddy  River  (Brookline),  Mass.,  i.  93. 
Munden.     See  Minden. 
Munich,  Bavaria,  ii.  563. 
Munster,  Germany,  i.  446. 
Mystic,  or  Mystick  Side.     See  Charlestown. 

NaHANT,  Mass.,  ii.  502,  535. 

Namur,  Belgium,  i.  234. 

Nantasket,  Mass.,  i.  120,  200,  424  ;  ii.  200. 

Roads,  ii.  195,  200,  284,  310. 
Nantes,  France,  ii.  153. 
Nantucket,  Mass.,  ii.  252. 
Narragansett,  R.  I.,  i.  168,  169,  233,  249,  346, 
364,  411,  466,  548;   ii.   147,  148,  238,   240, 

353- 
Nassau,  Bahamas,  i.  63;  ii.  363. 
Nassau    Hall,  now  Princeton  College,  N.  J., 

ii.  211. 
Natick,  Mass.,  ii.  252. 
Naumkeag  (Salem),  Mass.,  i.  7. 
Naushon,  Mass.,  ii.  501,  519. 
Nelson's  Farm,  Va.,  ii.  527. 
Neponset,  Mass.,  ii.  364. 
Nettleham,  Lincolnshire,  Eng.,  ii.  205,  226. 
Nevis,  Neuis.  Island  of,  W.  I.,  i.  121. 
New  Amsterdam  (New  York),  i.  i. 
New  Bedford,   Mass.,  ii.  490,  492-494,  501, 
508,  509,  514. 
First  Congregational  Church,  ii.  501. 
New  Creet,  i.  257. 


686 


INDEX    OF   PLACES. 


New  Hampshire,  i.  viii,  17,  3S,  39,  49,  54,  85, 
92,  93>  14°)  i7Si  1S2,  214,  247,  249,305, 
325-  386,  39S,  399,  509.  529;  ii-  105,  125, 
i59>  217,  237,  243,  304,  352,  376,  377,  393, 
491,  498,  53i>  541.  546,  548-  574- 

New  Haven,  Conn.,  i.  33,  92,  314 ;  ii.  3,  264, 

275- 
Yale  College,  i.  xiv,  2S0,  299,  312-314, 

319,  321,  345>  346,  3S7;   ii-  2,  3,  6,  24, 
49,  1S2,  231,  247,  264,  314. 
New  Ipswich,  N.  H.,  ii.  531. 

Academy,  ii.  534. 
New  Jersey,   i.   75,  131,  140,  152,  174,  186, 
223,  256,  299,  473,  475,  507,  528  ;  ii.  195, 
19S,  202,  206,  233,  245,  2S2,  283,  322,  457. 
See  New  Sweden. 
New  Kent  County,  Va.,  i.  260. 
New  London,  Conn.,  i.  305,  325,  4S2,  520; 

ii.  167,  235,  314, 
New  Orleans,  La.,  ii.  612. 
New  Plymouth,  Mass.,  ii.  149. 
New  Providence,  Island  of,  Bahamas,  ii.  363. 
New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.,  ii.  72.  [i.  iS. 

New  Sommersett,  Province  of,  N.  E.,  Maine, 
New  Sweden  (New  Jersey),  i.  i. 
New  York  (State  and  City),  i.  14,  28,  29,  50, 
60,  5i,  63,  85,  107,  120,  128,  139-141, 
i43>  144,  146,  147,  155-157,  170,  i74> 
227,  245,  256,  303,  306,  318,  322,  323, 
375,  378-380,  405,  408,  435,  470,  473- 
475,  545  ;  ii-  "h  2,  6,  8,  72,  93,  126, 
134,  137-139,  143,  144,  151,  157,  178, 
198,  210,  217,  229,  232,  233,  246,  247, 
264,  273,  275,  276,  279,  283-2S5,  304, 
315,  342,  364,  374,  379,  385,  411,  435, 
443,  473,  482,  485,  536,  544,  5^3,  6i5. 
Church,  i.  256. 
King's,  now  Columbia,   College,  i.  322 ; 

ii.  264. 
Trinity  Church,  i.  120,  143  ;  ii.  157. 
See  Manhados;  New  Amsterdam. 
Newark,  N.  J.,  i.  473,  474. 
Newbern,  N.  C,  ii.  615. 
Newbury,  Mass.,  i.  xiv,  48,  92,  208,  234,  238, 
240,  24T,  253-256,  258,  268,  273,  276, 
279,  ■315,  318,  337,  34°,  364,  418,  446, 
448;  ii.  237,  254,  352. 
Pipe  Stave  Hill,  i.  254. 
Queen  Ann's  Chapel,  i.  255,  256. 
Third  Parish,  i.  418. 
Newburyport,  Mass.,  i.  122,  214,  215,    256, 

393,  503,  514  ;  ii-  352,  377,  393,  407, 
465,  528. 
St.  Paul's  Church,  i.  122,  214,  256;  ii. 

393- 

Newcastle,  Eng.,  ii.  122,  192. 

Newcastle,  N.  H.,  i.  92,  305. 

Newfoundland,  i.  185,  223;  ii.  51,  285. 

Newport,  R.  I.,  i.  48,  90,  92,  156,  169,  210, 
248,  249,  286,  294,  318,  338,  353,  3S2, 
407,  409,  472  ;  ii.  3,  49,  76,  So,  82,  103, 
116,  168,  177,  202,  232,  235,  238,  260, 
274,  275,  352,  356,  421,  469- 


Newport,  R.  I.  {coiitinited). 
Redwood  Library,  ii.  76. 
Second  Congregational  Church,  ii.  238. 
Trinity  Church,   i.   169,   210,   286,  294; 
ii.  116,  352. 
Newton,  Mass.,  ii.  396. 
See  Chestnut  Hill. 
Newtown,  Conn.,  i.  474. 
Niagara,  N.  Y.,  ii.  134,  135. 
Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.,  ii.  459. 
Nimeguen,  Holland,  i.  194. 
Noddle's   Island  (East  Boston),  i.   14,    199; 

li.  2S5,  530. 
North  America,  i.  61,  152,  1S6,  213,  216,  251, 

313,  470;  ii.  133-135,   13S,   140,  144,  226, 

241,  254,  319,  419- 
North  Britain  (Scotland),  i.  300. 
North  Carolina,  ii.  245,  258,  611,  612,  615. 
North  Devonshire,  Eng.,  i.  233. 
North  End.     See  Boston. 
North  Sea,  ii.  192. 
Northampton,  Eng.,  i.  46,  47,  48. 
Northampton,  Mass.,  i.  187,  46S;  ii.  333. 
Northamptonshire,  Eng.,  i.  63,  91,  387. 
Northumberland,  Eng.,  i.  3S7. 
Norton  Hall,  Derbyshire,  Eng.,  ii.  206. 
Norwalk,  Conn.,  i.  475  ;  ii,  6-11,  275. 
Norwich,  Conn.,  ii,  303. 
Norwich,  Eng.,  i.  312;  ii.  443. 
Nova  Scotia,  i.  41,  61,  175,  179,  181,  19S,  232, 

247;  ii-  52?  67,  70,  99,  122,  133,   140,  312, 

3'3,  315,  352,354- 
Nutfield  (near  Haverhill,  Mass. ;   later  Lon- 
donderry, N.  H.),  i.  252. 


Oi 


HIO,  ii.  473,  500,  537,  574, 
Ohio  River,  li.  500. 
Old  State  House.     See  Boston. 
Old  Town  House.     See  Boston. 
Oneida,  N.  Y.,  ii.  135,  * 

Osten,  Germany,  ii.  121. 
Oswego,  N.  Y.,  ii.  126,  129,  134. 
Otterton,  Eng.,  ii.  193. 

Oxford,  City  and  University,  Eng.,  i.  43,  65, 
76,  120,  166,  194,  206,  208,  220,  258, 
2S5,  321,  349,  387,  3S8,  405,  472,  477, 
481,  545;  ii.  6,  49,  72,  157,  188,  206, 
231,  23S,  246,  304,  527. 

All  Souls'  College,  i.  220 ;   ii.  229, 

Balliol  College,  i.  3S&. 

Magdalen  College,  i.  545. 

Queen's  College,  ii.  18S. 

St.  Edmund  Hall,  ii.  188. 

St.  Mary's  Church,  i.  208. 

University  College,  i,  405, 
Oxford,  Mass.,  ii.  153,  160. 
Oxfordshire,  Eng.,  i.  545, 


INDEX   OF    PLACES. 


687 


Jl  ALESTINE,  ii.  577. 

Paris,  France,  i.  372  ;  ii.  133,   148,  368,  379, 

470. 
Pembroke,  Mass.,  ii.  282. 
Pennsylvania,  i.  63,  81,   131,   152,   170,  194, 

485;  ii.  140,   179,  iSo,  302,  374,  482,  499, 

611,  612. 
Penobscot,  Maine,  i.  179. 
Perigor,  France,  ii.  46. 
Perth  Amboy,  N.  J.,  ii.  233. 
Petaquamscut,  Pettequomsciitt,   R.  I.,  i.  xv, 

466;  ii.  148. 
Peterborough,  Eng.,  i.  344. 
Petersburg,  Va.,  ii.  612,  614. 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  i.  152,  157,  3x8,  395,  475, 
514  ;  ii.  178-iSo,  233,  299,  352,  413. 
American  Philosophical  Society,  ii.  4S2. 
Pipe-Stave  Hill.     See  Newbury. 
Piscataqua,   Maine,  i.  17,   iS,  132,  135,  179, 

353>  4S9- 
Pittsburg,  Penn.,  ii.  499. 
Pittsfield,  Mass.,  i.  1S2. 
Pittston,  Maine,  ii.  149,  150,  315. 
Placentia,  Newfoundland,  ii.  51. 
Plymouth,  Devonshire,  Eng.,  ii.  149. 
Plymouth,  Mass.,  i.  2-4,  6,  7,  22,  23,  36,  90, 
97,  167,  244,  256,  292  ;  ii.  24,  149,  154, 
213.  264,  315,  352,  402,  483. 
The  Gurnet,  ii.  213. 
Point  Shirley,  (Chelsea ;  Winthrop),   Mass., 
ii.  181,  369. 

See  Pulling  Point. 
Poole,  Dorset,  Eng.,  i.  435  ;  ii.  355,  356. 
Portland,  Maine,  i.  16,  428;  ii.  177,  315. 

St.  Paul's  Church,  ii.  177. 
Porto  Cavallo  (Cabello),  Venezuela,  ii.  38. 
Port  Royal,  N.  S.,  i.  61,  175,  185,  198,   199, 
225,  232-234;  ii.  51. 
See  Annapolis. 
Portsmouth,  Eng.,  i.  248;  ii.  372, 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  i.  17,  29,  40,  65,  66,  91, 
92,  117,  167,  214,  254,  325,  386,  400, 
465,  481,   509;  ii.  82,   105,   125,    162, 
163,  237,  254,  266,  352,  376,  393,  409, 

548-  574- 

Ladd  House,  ii.  163. 

North  Congregational  Church,  ii.  376. 

Queen's  Chapel,  ii.  393. 

South  Congregational  Church,  376,  377, 
548. 

St.  John's  Church,  i.  214,  215  ;  ii.  376. 

See  Little  Harbor;  Strawberry  Bank. 
Portsmouth,  R.  I.,  Grove  Hospital,  ii.  613. 
Potomac  Creek,  Va.,  ii.  614. 
Potomac  River,  Va.,  ii.  613. 
Pownalborough,    Maine,    ii.  149,    159,    201, 

358. 
Preston,  Sussex,  Eng.,  ii.  129. 
Preston    Capes,    Northamptonshire,     Eng., 

i.91. 
Price  Church.     See  Hopkinton. 
Prince  Library.     See  Boston. 


Princeton  College,  N.  J.,  ii.  2ir. 

Nassau  Hall,  ii.  211. 
Prior  Park,  near  Bath,  Eng.,  ii.  91,  95,  127, 
Providence,   R.  L,  i.   15,   170,  210,  233,  249, 

305>  346,  377.  393.  4'''0,  461,  465,  478, 
479,  548;  ii.   74,    188,  202,  266,  275, 

377- 
Brown  University,  ii.  533,  543. 
Island  of,  i.  121. 
King's,  now  St.  John's,  Church,  ii.  188, 

377- 
Province  House.     See  Boston. 
Province  Snow  (vessel),  ii.  196. 
Pulling    (or    Pullen)    Point   (Chelsea;  Win- 
throp), Mass.,  ii.  142. 
See  Point  Shirley. 


vJUEBEC,  Canada,  i.  115,  139,  179,  199, 
246;  ii.  121,  213,  218,  285,  289,  297,  312, 

378,  379- 

See  St.  Catharine's. 
Queen's  County,  N.  Y.,  i.  120. 
Querci,  France,  ii.  46. 
Quiberon,  France,  ii.  67. 
Quincy,  Mass.,  i.  259,  345  ;  ii.  78,  144,  147. 

Christ  Church,  i.  259. 


R. 


.AMILLIES,  Belgium,  i.  234. 
Reading,  Conn.,  ii.  10,  151,  250. 
Red  Sea,  i.  28. 

Reformed  Church,  New  Sweden,  i.  i. 
Rehoboth,  Mass.,  i.  15,  97. 
Revere,  Mass.     See  Rumney  Marsh. 
Rhoad,  (PRowde),  Wiltshire,  Eng.,  ii.  315. 
Rhode  Island,  i.  25,  48,  85,  156,  159,  160,  169, 
183,  196,  210,  227,  247-249,  256,  261,  294, 
318,  322,  338,  339,  346,  364,  372,  393,  407, 
451,  466,  479,   548;   ii.   76,  157,  202,  232, 
235.  238,  266,  304,  346,  352,  353,  356,  368. 
377,  421,  563,  613. 
Richmond,  Surrey,  Eng.,  i.  207  ;  ii.  202. 
Richmond,  Va.,  ii.  614. 
Richmond's  Island,  Maine,  i.  16. 
Ridgefield,  Conn.,  ii.  7,  10. 
Roanoke  Island,  N.  C,  i.  2  ;  ii.  615. 
Rochelle,  France,  ii.  72. 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  i.  545. 
Rome,   Italy,  i.  4,  9,  96,  14S,  2S9,  301,  312, 
379;  ii.  275,  557. 
Church  of,  i.  154;  ii.  426. 
Rowde,  Wiltshire,  Eng.     See  Rhoad. 
Roxbury,  Mass.,  i.  48,  60,  93,  149,  151,  234, 
239,  240,  248,  249,  2S5,  301,  54i;  ii. 
78,  139,  142,   163,  206,  212,  224,  28S, 
294,  297,  312,  3'6,  364,  483,  500,  526, 

53°- 
First  Church,  ii.  334. 
Lowell  Grammar  School,  ii.  526. 
Shirley  Place,  ii.  163. 


INDEX   OF    PLACES. 


Roxwell,  Essex,  Eng.,  i.  7. 

Royal  Exchange  Tavern.     See  London. 

Royston,  Eng.,  ii.  413. 

Rumney  Marsh  (Chelsea;    Revere),  Mass., 

ii.  178. 
Rye,  N.  Y.,  i.  170,  323;  ii.  151. 

Grace,  or  Parish,  Church,  i.  170. 
Ryswick,  Holland,  i.  119,  180. 


OABINO,  Peninsula  of,  Maine,  i.  2. 

Sachadehoc  River,  Maine,  i.  2, 

Saco,  Maine,  i.  16,  17,  48  ;  ii.  252. 

Saddler's  Wells,  Eng.,  ii.  26. 

Saffron    Walden,    Essex,    Eng.,    i.   93 ;    ii. 

364- 
St.  Albans,  Eng.,  i.  541 
St.  Andrew's,  Staten  Island,  N.  Y.,  ii.  6. 
St.  Botolph's  Church.     See  Boston,  Eng. 
St.  Catharine's  (Quebec?),  i.  223. 
St.  Catherine's  Creed  Church,  Eng.,  ii.  82. 
St.  Christopher's,  St.  Kitts,  island  of,  i.  223, 

234,  469;  ii.  357,  359- 
St.    Cuthbert,    parish    of,    Wells,    Eng.,    i. 

426. 
St.  Edmonsbury,  Eng.,  i.  424. 
St.  Edmund  Hall.     See  Oxford. 
St.  George's  Island,  Maine,  i.  2. 
St.  George's  Parish.     See  Dorchester,  S.  C. 
St.  John,  N.  B.,  i.  410. 
St.  John's  College.     See  Cambridge,  Eng. 
St.   Lawrence   Kiver,   Canada,  i.   200,   233, 

234- 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  ii.  469,  567. 
St.  Martin's,  Eng.,  i.  413. 
St.  Mary's  Church.     See  Oxford. 
St.  Paul's  Church.     See  Boston. 
St.  Sebastian,  Spain,  i.  234. 
St.  Stephen's  Church.    See  Boston. 
Salem,  Mass.,  i.  7,  20,  22,  48, 65,  92,  136,  146, 
156,  183,  210,  211,  253,  259,  447,  449, 
489.  509-  537 ;  ii-  23-25,  32,  55,  107, 
161,  163,  235,  236,  254,  283-285,  291, 
294,  297,  307.  3")  318,  337>  33S'  352, 
369!  'ilZ^  Vll^  yi9-,  j93i  402,  409.  499) 
547,  569,  571,  582. 
Essex  Institute,  ii.  517,  576. 
First  Church,  i.  7. 
Fiske  Latin  School,  ii.  571. 
Hacker  Grammar  School,  ii.  570. 
St.  Peter's  Church,  i.  146,  210,  373,  409, 

440;  ii.  24,  25,  377,  393. 
See  Naumkeag. 
Salisbury,  Wiltshire,    Eng.,    i.  92,  233  ;   ii. 

85,  411. 
Salome,  Oxfordshire,  Eng.,  i.  545. 
Saltfleetby,  Lincolnshire,  Eng.,  ii.  195. 
San  Domingo, W.  I.,  ii.  536. 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  ii.  540. 

Unitarian  Church,  ii.  540. 
Sanford  (Stamford),  Conn.,  ii.  247. 


Saratoga,  N.  Y.,  i.  234. 

Savoy  (Italy),  France,  i.  109,  223. 

Saybrook,  Conn.,   i.   117,  313,  314,   32t  ;  ii. 

264. 
Scarborough,  Maine,  i.  16. 
Scituate,  Mass.,  i.  xii,  24,  90,  305,  340,  341, 
422,  437,  472,  480-482,  4S9,  520;   ii. 
23-25,  32,  46,  237,  254,  352,  373. 
North  Meeting  House,  ii.  23. 
St.  Andrew's  Church,  i.  481,  482  ;  ii.  24. 
South  Church,  i.  305. 
Scotland,  i.  25,  31,  93,  94,  109,  218,  296,  396, 
470,  471,  534;  ii.  38,   121,  242,    245, 

254,  369-  435- 

Church  of,  ii.435. 

See  North  Britain. 
Seabrook,  Conn.,  i.  312. 
Sedan,  France,  ii.  559. 
Sedgemoor,  Eng.,  i,  234, 
Senegal,  Africa,  ii.  38. 
Serpentine  River.    See  Hyde  Park. 
Shelter  Island,  N.  Y.,  i.  92. 
Sheriffmuir,  Scotland,  i.  234. 
Shirley,  Mass.,  ii.  142. 
Shoals,  Isles  of,  N.  H.,  i.  17. 
.Shrewsbury,  Mass.,  ii.  313. 
Sligo  County,  Ireland,  i.  141. 
Somerset  County,  Maine,  ii.  315. 
Somersetshire,  Eng.,  ii.  143,  348. 
Somerville,  Mass.     See  Winter  Hill. 
Southampton,  Eng.,  i.  233. 
South  Carolina,  i.  61,  253,  260,  322,  3S7,  487, 
494,  497,  503.  525,  526;  ii.  143,  i99,  238, 
315,  537,  611,  614. 
South  End.     See  Boston. 
South  Kingston,  R.  I.,  i.  466,  467  ;  ii.  148. 
South  Mountain,  Md.,  ii.  554,  611. 
South  Sea  Stocks,  i.  380,  419. 
South  Wales,  i.  366;  ii.  346,  446. 
Southport,  Conn.,  ii.  8. 

Trinity  Church,  ii.  8. 
Spain,  i.  234,  259;  ii.  122,  127,  3t4,  577. 
Spanish  Main,  i.  139. 
Spottsylvania,  Va.,  ii.  554,  612. 
Springfield,  Mass.  ii.  297. 
Squantum,  Mass.,  ii.  364. 
Stamford,  Conn.,  i.  312;  ii.  7,8,  10,  ir,  231, 

247,  264. 
Stapleford,  HTts,  Eng.,  ii.  618. 
Staten  Island   N.  Y.,  ii.  6. 

St.  Andrew's  Church,  ii.  6. 

See  Stratton  Island. 
Steenkirk,  Belgium,  i.  234. 
Stockbridge,  Mass.,  ii.  50,  70. 
Stonington,  Conn.,  i.  305. 
Stow,  Mass.,  i.  246. 
Stowe,  Eng.,  i.  548. 
Strand,  The.     See  London. 
Stratford,  Conn.,  i.  22S,  312,  313,  321,  322, 
346,  367;  ii.  2,  3,  6,  8,  151,  250,  384. 

Congregational  Church,  i.  312. 
Stratton  Island,  i.  323. 

See  Staten  Island. 


INDEX    OF    PLACES. 


689 


Strawberry  Bank  (Portsmouth),  N.  H., 
1.  17,  29. 

Study  Hill,  Cumberland,  R.  I.,  i.  15. 

Suffolk,  Eng.,  i.  3S2  ;  ii.  273,  397,  531. 

Suffolk  County,  Mass.,  i.  47,  91,  17S,  244, 
245>  293)  297,  367,  423.  4S0,  515  ;  ii.  4°.  76, 
94,  97>  i43>  157,  33S,  339,  345,  349,  362, 
365-367,  425,  433,  456,  477,  478,  481,  538, 
565,  61S. 

Surrey,  Eng.,  i.  n8,  404;  ii.  93,  202. 

Sussex,  Eng.,  i.  152;  ii.  129,  483. 

Swan  Island,  Maine,  ii.  363. 

Swansea,    Mass.,    i.    xii,    97,    98,   161,  190, 
256. 
See  Wannamoiset. 

Sweden,  i.  109,  225. 

Switzerland,  i.  287  ;  ii»  544. 

Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  ii.  485. 


T, 


AUNTON,  Mass.,  i.  113,  185,  186,  365, 
520;  ii.  70,  103,  III,  117,  126,  528. 
Weir  Bridge,  i.  1850 

Ten  Hills  Farm.     See  Charlestown. 

Tetsworth,  Oxfordshire,  Eng.,  i.  545. 

Thames  River,  Eng.,  ii.  171. 

Thirle,  Ireland,  ii.  282. 

Ticonderoga,  N.  Y.,  i.  234. 

Tillington,  Essex,  Eng.,  i.  157. 

Tiverton,  R.  I.,  i.  442. 

Topsfield,  Mass.,  ii.  531. 

Topsham,  Eng.,  ii.  100,  108,  126. 

Torbay,  Eng.,  1.  47,  85  ;  ii.  192. 

Toulon,  France,  i.  233. 

Tower  Hill.     See  London. 

Tower  of  London,     See  London. 

Town  Dock.     See  Boston. 

Town  Hall,  Town  House,     See  Boston 

Towton,  Eng.,  ii.  68, 

Tranquil  -  dale,     Betchworth,    Surry,     Eng., 
ii.  93. 

Tri-Mountain.     See  Boston. 

Trinity  College.     See  Cambridge,  Eng. 

Truro,  Mass.,  ii.  378. 

Turkey,  ii.  577. 

Tweed  River,  Eng.,  ii,  264, 

Tyngsborough,  Mass.,  i.  249. 


Ui 


ILSTER,  Ireland,  i.  483. 
United  States  Naval  Academy.    See  Annapo- 
lis, Md. 
University  Press.     See  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Upton,  Eng.,  i.  267. 
Utrecht,  Holland,  i.  119,  225;  ii.  52. 


V. 


ALPARAISO,  Chili,  ii.  543. 
Vassalboro,  Maine,  ii.  363. 
Vermont,  i.  545;  ii.  491,  536. 
Versailles,  France,  i.  179. 

VOL.  II.  —  44 


Vicksburg,  Miss.,  ii.  612. 

Vienna,  Court  of,  Austria,  ii.  463. 

Vigo,  Spain,  i,  234. 

Virginia,  i.  xiii,  2,  3,  15,  16,  27,  56,  60-63,  84, 
105,  113,  159,  171,  172,  217,  219,  220, 
222,  223,  260,  339,  385,  387,  470,  514 ; 
ii.  13S,  147,  1 78,  180,  216,  229,  231, 
236,  256,  279,  302,  527,  611-615,  62S. 
St.  Peter's  Church,  New  Kent  Co.,  i.  260. 


WaCHUSETT  Mountain,  Mass.,  ii.  156. 

Waldoborough,  Maine,  ii.  528. 

Wales,  i.  97,  194,  367,  398;  ii.  142,  144,  264, 

347,  359- 
Walpole,  Mass.,  ii,  160. 
Waltham,  Mass.,  ii,  193,  479,  499,  526. 
Wannamoiset  (Swansey),  Mass.,  i,  97. 
Wansford,  Yorkshire,  Eng.,  ii,  206. 
Warren,  Maine,  ii.  528, 
Warrentown,  Va.,  ii.  611. 
Warwick,  R.  I.,  i.  1S3, 
Washington,  D.  C,  i.  234  ;  ii.  315,  344,  370, 
379,  469,  544,  613,  614. 
Armory  Square  Hospital,  ii.  613,  614. 
Washington  County,  Maine,  ii.  311. 
Washington  Gardens,     See  Boston. 
Waterloo,  Belgium,  i.  234. 
Water  Stratford,  Bucks,  Eng.,  i.  387. 
Watertown,  Mass.,  i.  251,  252;  ii.  136,  154, 

252,  294,  313,  362,  543. 
Weir  Bridge.     See  Taunton. 
Wellfleet,  Mass.,  i.  246, 
Wells,  Eng.,  i.  426. 
Wells,  Maine,  ii.  531,  541. 
West  Boston.     See  Boston. 
West  Haven,  Conn.,  i.  321 ;  ii.  264. 
West  Indies,  i,  94,  105,  115,  140,  172,  233- 

235,  302,  42S;  ii.  37,  46,  47,  50,  99,  218., 

233^  289,  354,  569. 
West  Springfield,  Mass.,  i.  139. 
Westchester,  Conn.,  i.  169. 
Westham,  Essex,  Eng.,  i.  267. 
Westminster,  Eng.     See  London. 
Westminster  Abbey.     See  London. 
White  Chapel,  Eng.,  i.  338. 
Whitefield,  Northamptonshire,  Eng.,  i.  387, 

542. 
Whitehall,  Eng.     See  London. 
Whitehall,  N.  C,  ii.  554,611. 
Widdaw,  Guinea,  i.  388. 
Wight,  Isle  of,  i.  149. 
Williamsburg,  Va.,  i.  223  ;  ii.  233. 
Wilmington,  N.  C.     See  Fort  Fisher, 
Wilton,  N.  H.,  ii.  498,  546. 
Wiltshire,    Eng.,    i.   92,    233,   390 ;    ii.   188, 

3I5- 
Wimpole  Street.     See  London, 
Windham,  Conn.,  ii.  284, 
Windsor,  Eng.,  ii,  143, 
Wineyard,  S.  C,  ii.  238. 
Winslow,  Maine,  ii.  149, 


690 


INDEX   OF   PLACES. 


Winter  Hill,  Somerville,  Mass.,  ii,  291. 
Winthrop,  Mass.     See  Point  Shirley  ;  Pull- 
ing Point. 
Wisterton,  Eng.,  ii.  129. 
Wiston,  Eng.,  ii.  129. 
Woburn,  Mass.,  i.  93. 
Woodstock,  Conn.,  i.  341. 

Christ  Church,  i.  341. 
Worcester,  Eng.,  battle  of,  ii.  143. 
Worcester,  Mass,,  ii.  297,  402,  517. 

American  Antiquarian  Society,    ii.  402, 
576. 
Worcester  County,  Mass.,  i.  516  ;  ii.  311. 


Worcestershire,  Eng.,  i.  143,  235. 
Wrentham,  Mass.,  i.  92 ;  ii.  202. 


Y/ 


ALE  College.     See  New  Haven. 
Yarmouth,  Mass.,  i.  82,  92. 
York,  Eng.,  ii.  71. 
York,  Maine,  i.  16,  18,  90. 
Yorkshire,  England,  i.  105 ;  ii.  129,  143,  206, 
412. 
Castle  Howard,  ii.  456. 
Wentworth  Manor,  ii.  143. 


king's  chapel  in  1833. 


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